NCS000021_OTHER_19991026

STORIVIWATER DIVISION CODING SHEET
PERMIT NO.
N05 oe6o 2- l
DOC TYPE
❑FINAL PERMIT
❑ MONITORING INFO
❑ APPLICATION
❑ COMPLIANCE
OTHER
DOC DATE
C�1�aq ►�2(0
YYYYMMDD

(Division of Water Quality
MEMO Froma Date:
To: '�aysyer, Subject: S►cynp,.�-
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North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PO Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-05351 Phone: [phone]

.. N.C. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax:[phone] Nov 24 '99 10:34 P.01
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA .
COUNTY OF MECKLENBURRG
*
STEMBNS-WESTINGHOUSE
POWER CORPORATION,
Petitioner,
'
*
V.
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.,
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES,
DIVTSYON OF WATER QUALITY,
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Respondent
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Case No.:
PETITION FOR A
CONTESTED CASE HEAMC
WAS 0 0 ere 0 =I
a•rm
Pursuant to N.C. General Statute §150B-23(a), Potitioner, Siemens Westinghouse Power
Corporatioa ("Siemens Westinghouse") files this Petition for a Contested Case Hearing, and, in
support of this Petition, alleges the following:
FACTS COMMON TO ALL CLAIMS
I. Siemens Westinghouse is a Delaware corporation which operates a manufacturing
facility in Charlotte, North Carolina..
2. The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Xesources
("NCDENW), Division of Water Quality ("DWQ') is an agency oftlic State of North Carom► with
authority to implement and enforce laws and regulations regarding water quality in the State,
3. On or about September 17, 1999, DWQ issued to Siernem Westinglioxise Permit No_
NCS000021 (the "New Permit") to discharge stormwator miler the National Pollutant Discharge

4. I.C. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax:[phone]? Nov 24 '99 10:34 P.02
Elimination System at Siemens Westinghouse's Turbine Generator Plant located at 5101
Westinghouse Boulevard, Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.
4. Siemens Westinghouse incoxporstes by roforenrc the allegations of paragraphs 1
through 3 of this Petition.
5. In the Now Permit, D WQ requires Siemens Westzr*ouse to take various compliance
actions at stormwater outfalls (which are locations where stormwater discharges at the facility),
including but not limited to analytical monitoring, qualitative monitoring and certification that
stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence o£non-stormwater discharges.
6. The stormwater outfalls covered by the Permit include outfall no. l which is located
at the southern end of a spray pond that Siemens 'Westinghouse coast- acted in 1968 to li=dlo the
discharge of non -contact cooling water from tbz manufacturing plant also being built -then and
stormwater runoff from the portion of the situ that drains to'ihe spray pond-
7. At the time the spray pond was built and for a considerable period of time after that,
there woo no other development or use of any of the properties neighboring or in the vicinity of the
Sierneos Westinghouse facility so that stormwater that drained from those properties into the spray
pond did not come in contact with any commercial or industrial operations and was limited in
amount due to percolation into the soil, absorption by Plant life and other natural ptocessea..
S. Now, a number of properties fronting or accessible form Wcstinghousc Boulevard
within a mile of the plant have been developed for a variety, of commercial and industrial uses.
9. To allow for this development, the City of Charlotte installed a 54-inch storm sewer
with a discharge point located at the Siemens Westinghouse property boundary less than 20 feet fmm
the north,-rn and of the spray pound.
2

• N.C. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax:[phone] Nov 24 '99 10:34 P.03
10. On the property next to the Siemens Westinghouse immediately to the east, General
Motors has built a parts distribution facility over 352,000 square feet in size with most of the rest
of the site paved for vehicle traffic and outdoor storage, which construction includes a stornawater
retention basin located directly along the eastern boundary a.f the Sionions Westinghouse property
that drains dixectiy into the spray pond.
11. As a result of this development, the atormwater discharge frorn outfall no. 1 is no
longer representative of the stormwater discharge from the Siemens Westinghouse plant.
12. By including outfall no. 1 in the New Permit, Siemens Westinghouse can be held
responsible for permit violations at that outfall which do not result from its stormwater discharge.
13. By including outfall no.1 in the New Permit in light of these facts and circumstances,
DWQ exceeded its authority or jurisdiction, acted erroneously, failed to use pmperproccduro, acted
arbitrarily or capriciously, and/or failed to act as requircd by law ar rule, all of which has
substantially prejudiced the rights of Siemens Westinghouse.
14. Siemens Westinghouse incorporates by reference the allegations of paragraphs 1
through 3 of this Petition.
15. On or about August 31, 1994, DWQ's predecessor agency, the State of North
Carolina, Department of Environment, Healtb and Natural Resources, Division of Enviruluneiltal
Management, issued to Siemens Westinghouse's Charlotte facility Peanut No. NC9000021 with an
effective date of October 1, 1994 (thc "Old Permit" }.
16_ The Old Permit required analytical monitoring for specific stormwater discharge
characteristics one an annual basis during each year the Old Permit was in effect provided however
M

N.C. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax:[phone] Nov 24 199 10:35 P.04
that if the results during the first year of sampling were below certain cut-off concentrations, no
Bather analytical sampling needed to be conducted until the last year of the Old Permit.
17. A draft version of the New Permit published by DWQ some time in August contained
sampling provisions identical to the Old Permit.
18. The New Permit issued to Siemens Westinghouse on or about Scptembar 17, 1999,
however, contained new and diffcrcut sampling requircinents. Speeiiically, the New Permit requires
analytical monitoring to be conducted each quarter during the fourth year of the permit. The Now
Permit also does not include any cut-off concentrations or any other quandtalive indicators as to the
acceptability of any analytical monitoring results.
19. As aresult of these changes, Siemens Westinghouse is required under the New Peru
to conduct twine as much analytical monitoring; with the attendant increase in time, cost and
expense.
20. Also as a result of these changes, Sieinvas Westinghouse, has no quantitative
indicators to which, it can refer to dotmi ino if its sampling results are acceptable. Rather, it appears
Mat the results will be submitted to DWQ during the fourth year of the New Permit and that DWQ
will then consider those results in setups the terms of a renewal permit which it will issue towards
the end of the fifth (and last) year of the New Pennit (nearly a year after the last samples were taken
in the fb azth year and nearly two years after the first sampling event in the fourth year.) when the
renewal permit is issued, Siemens Westinghouse will learn for the first time whether or not its
sampling results fkom the fourth year have had any effect on the terms and conditions of its permit.
21. DWQ has not provided Siemens 'Westinghousc with any cxplanatioan as to why these
changes have been made.
4

N.C. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax:[phone] Nov 24 199 10:35 P.05
22. In making these changes to the analytical monitoring requirements of the New Permit,
DWQ exceeded its authority or jurisdiction, acted erroneously, failed to use proper procedure, acted
arbitrarily or capriciously, and/or failed to act as required by law or rule, all of which has deprived
Siemens Westinghouse of property and substantially prejudicedthe rights ofSietncns Wmtinghouse.
23, Siemens Westinghouse reserves the right, (a) to supplemont the allegations of Ns
Petition pending discovery in this matter, (b) to depose individuals involved in this matter and to
conduct other discovery pursuant to N.C. General Statute § 15013-28; and (c) to request issuance of
aubpoexias and subpoenas dunes tecum for the individuals involved in the matter and otter relevant
witnesses pursuant to N.C. General Statute § 15OB-27.
WHBREFORE, the Petitioner requests that:
i. Pursuant to N.C. General Statute § 150B-32, an Administrative Law Judge in the
Office of Administrative Hearings be assigned to hear this contested case;
2. Pursuant to N.C. General Statute § 15OB-24, the hearing of this contested case be .
conducted in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina;
3. The Pcrmit be modified in accordance with the allegations of this Petition;
4. - Findings of fact and conclusions of law be entered in accordance with the allegations
of this Petition; and
5. It be awarded such other and further relief it is entitled to under the facts and
applicable law.
5

NBC. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax:[phone] Nov 24 '99 10:35 P.06
'Ibis *z , !day c£ Octobcr, 1999
SMffH HELMS MULLISS & MOORE, L.L.P.
Ba=a C. Hutson
N.C. State Bar No. 13295
201 North Tryon Street
Charlotte, N.C. 28202
Telephone: [phone]
Attorneys for Petitioner
Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation
F9

. N. C. ATTORNEY GENERAL Fax : [phone] Nov 24 ' 99 10 : 35 P. 07
CtMEICAOM
I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing document has been served by mailing a copy of
the same in an official depository of the U.S, Mail, in a certified, return receipt requested, postage -
paid envelope, addressed as follows:
Mr. Denial McLawhorn
Registered Agent and General Counsel
North Carolina Department
of Environment and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
fir -
This the'Al day o£October, 1999.
VA
Benne C. Hutson

NPDES FACILITY AND PERMIT DATA
UPDATE OPTION TRXID 5NU KEY NCS000021
03/19/99 08:16:43_
PERSONAL DATA FACILITY APPLYING FOR PERMIT REGION
FACILITY NAME> SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE SIG PLANT COUNTY> MECKLENBURG 03
ADDRESS: MAILING (REQUIRED) LOCATION (REQUIRED)
STREET: P.O. BOX 7002 STREET: 5101 WESTINGHOUSE BOULEVARD
CITY: CHARLOTTE ST NC ZIP 28241 CITY: CHARLOTTE ST NC ZIP 28273
TELEPHONE [phone] DATE FEE PAID: 09/25/92 AMOUNT: 400.00
STATE CONTACT> ENGLAND PERSON IN CHARGE ROBERT CARPENTER
1=PROPOSED,2=EXIST,3=CLOSED 2 1=MAJOR,2=MINOR 2 1=MUN,2=NON-MUN 2
LAT: 3508280 LONG: 08059340 N=NEW,M=MODIFICATION,R=REISSUE> R
DATE APP RCVD 03/18/99 WASTELOAD REQS
DATE STAFF REP REQS / / WASTELOAD RCVD
DATE STAFF REP RCVD / / SCH TO ISSUE
DATE TO P NOTICE / / DATE DRAFT PREPARED
DATE OT AG COM REQS / / DATE DENIED
DATE OT AG COM RCVD / / DATE RETURNED
DATE TO EPA / / DATE ISSUED / / ASSIGN/CHANGE PERMIT
DATE FROM EPA / / EXPIRATION DATE
FEE CODE ( 4 ) 1=(>10MGD),2=(>1MGD),3=(>0.1MGD),4=(¢0.1MGD),5=SF,6=(GP25,64,79),
7=(GP49,73)8=(GP76)9=(GP13,34;30,52)0=(NOFEE) DIS/C 73 CONBILL ( }
COMMENTS:
MESSAGE: *** DATA MODIFIED SUCCESSFULLY ***

- - - - - - - - - - - \
- - - - - - - - - - I
\ _ _ - _ _ _ - Lake _Wylie _ _ _ - _ _(
8
SAMPLE POINT NO. 001
[TO BE REPLACED BY 008, 007, AND 0081
3
l
-'--SAMPLE POINT
NO. 007
AREA 007
2.2 ACRES
AREA 008
0.6 ACRES
SAMPLE POINT
NO. 008
REFERENCES:
INFORMATION (EASEMENT.DXF AND PARCEL.DXF — JUNE 17, 1999) PROVIDED BY THE CHARLOTTE/MECKLENBURG GIS. FURTHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE BY CONTACTING MECKLENBURG COUNTY DATA PROCESSING
DEPARTMENT, CHARLOTTE—MECKLENBURG GOVERNMENT CENTER, 600 EAST FOURTH STREET, CHARLOTTE, NC 28202-2835. TELEPHONE: [phone], FACSIMILE: [phone].
INFORMATION (D34PLANH.DWG, D35PLANHZWG, E34PLANH.DWG, E35PLANH.DWG — MAY 6, 1997 AND D34TOPO1,DWG, D35TOPO1.DWG, E34TOPO1.DWG, E35TOPO1.DWG — DECEMBER 10, 1998) PROVIDED BY MAPPING/GIS
SERVICES — MECKLENBURG COUNTY ENGINEERING AND BUILDING STANDARDS DEPARTMENT.
SIEMENS \-
WESTINGHOUSE
SPRAY POND
1
----GENERAL MOTORS
DETENTION BASIN / (APPROX. LOCATION),`_,
CITY OF CHARLOTTE
54" DIA. RCP
GENERAL MOTORS
36" DIA. RCP
SAMPLE
TOTAL. DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
SUB -AREA
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
LOCATION
AREA [ACRES)
SUB -AREA TYPE
(ACRES)
IN AREA
MANF. BLDG. ROOF, OFFICE BLDG. ROOF,
006
7,0
PAVED PARKING/ROOFS
4 6
AND VISITOR PARKING DRAINAGE AND
WOODS & GRASS
2.4
OUTSIDE MATERIAL STORAGE
007
2,2
GRAVEL STREET/ROAD
2.2
OUTSIDE MAINTENANCE STORAGE AREA
008
0.6
GRAVEL STREET/ROAD
0-6
OUTSIDE MAINTENANCE STORAGE AREA
LEGEND
APPROXIMATE SAMPLE POINT LOCATION
APPROXIMATE SAMPLE POINT LOCATION DRAINAGE AREA BOUNDARY
DRAINAGE FLOW DIRECTION
PROPERTY BOUNDARY
EXISTING CONTOUR
GRAPHIC SCALE
200 0 100 200 400
(INFErT)
•
NO. DATE: DESCRIPTION BY
ENGINEERING • TESTING
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
STORMWATER SAMPLE LOCATIONS AND
ESTIMATED DRAINAGE AREAS
SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
SCALE: 1 „= 2 D 0' DRAWN BY: P M CHECKED BY:
JOB NO. DATE: FIGURE:
1356-99-224 2--14-00 1

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related impacts using a DWQ approved nutrient response model for the receiving
reservoir.
➢ Optimization should occur at existing discharges with large nutrient loads.
➢ Plan for implementing BMPs at remaining agriculture operations.
➢ Plan for preservation and protection of intact riparian vegetation.
➢ Plan for restoration of severely impacted stream habitats.
➢ Integration with ongoing restoration activities including Lower and Muddy Creeks.
➢ Multiagency integration: local governments, DSWC, WRC, USFWS, DWQ, etc.
➢ Assistance for local Soil and Erosion Control ordinance development.
➢ Smart growth that incorporates Low Impact Development (LID) principles. See
Section A, Chapter 4, Part 4.11.
The community -based efforts of Caldwell County, Burke County, the WPCOG Water Quality
Committee and others (refer to Section C, Chapter 1, Part 1.4) offer excellent starting points for a
watershed wide management plan. DWQ will support these efforts in whatever ways possible,
but funding from a wide variety of sources must be made available to ensure their long-term
success.
4.7.3 Nutrient Management for Lake Wylie ,
Lake Wylie is the most downstream reservoir in the Catawba River basin. The lake is operated
by Duke Power and was formed by the impoundment of the Catawba River in 1904 by a .
hydroelectric dam located near Fort Mills, SC. There are more than 327 miles of shoreline, and
the majority of the reservoir lies within South Carolina. The immediate watershed of Lake
Wylie is being converted from forested and agricultural areas to more urban land uses.
Eutrophic conditions in Lake Wylie and several of its major tributaries have been evident for
many years. To address eutrophication in Lake Wylie, DWQ and South Carolina DHEC
developed a nutrient control strategy for the Lake Wylie watershed. In 1991, EPA approved the
Lake Wylie TMDL, including the point source allocation included in the Lake Wylie Nutrient
Management Plan. The Lake Wylie Nutrient Management Area is considered to be Lake Wylie
and its tributaries including: the Catawba River and its tributaries below Mountain Island Dam
and the South Fork Catawba River below its confluence with Long Creek.
Current Conditions and 2004 Recommendations
Data from the most recent lake assessment period indicate that nutrient enrichment continues to
be a major concern in (both) the North and South Carolina portions of the lake. Out of 90
samples collected between 1997 and 2002, over 40 percent demonstrated elevated dissolved
oxygen concentrations. Although elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations were noted lake -
wide, the highest concentrations were located in the Crowders, Catawba and Allison Creek arms.
Because of chlorophyll a standard violations, algal blooms and dissolved oxygen percent
saturation values greater than 120 percent, Lake Wylie (4,020 acres, NC portion) is Impaired by
eutrophication.
Continued eutrophication concerns within Lake Wylie suggest that the nutrient management
strategy may not be sufficient to address the problem. Therefore, improvements to the strategy
may be warranted. For example, in the original strategy, discharges above Long Creek (a South
Fork Catawba River tributary) and, perhaps more significantly, nonpoint sources were not
Section A: Chapter 4 — Water Quality Issues Related to Multiple Watersheds in the Catawba River Basin 71

included. In addition, a nutrient mass cap was not built into the discharge permits, allowing
dischargers to increase their overall nutrient load as long as instantaneous concentration limits
are not violated.
Over the next basinwide cycle, DWQ will appropriately place Lake Wylie in Section 4(a) of the
Integrated Report oflmpaired Waters to the EPA in order to reflect the existing TMDL. Given
the continued evidence of nutrient enrichment problems, DWQ will also reevaluate the TMDL to
determine if additional nutrient reductions or controls are needed. This reevaluation will occur
on the standard 8 to13-year TMDL cycle. Until this TMDL is re -approved, no new nutrient
loads from point sources will be allowed, as per DWQ's existing permitting policy to impaired
waters. This policy includes the South Fork Catawba River watershed. Because this TMDL
involves both North and South Carolina jurisdictions, both states will be involved in decision -
making. In the meantime, DWQ supports and encourages the continued efforts of municipalities
and county governments to identify and implement local nonpoint source reduction plans and
wastewater treatment plant upgrades.
4.7.4 Aquatic Weed Infestation
During the assessment period, nuisance aquatic weeds rapidly established themselves in most of
the Catawba River Chain Lakes. Introduction by boat trailers and intentional planting for sport
fish habitat seem to be the most likely sources. The growth rate and probability of transporting
are so great that in Lakes James, Norman and Mountain Island the occurrence of Hydrilla sp. and
the potential for Parrot Feather, Myriophyllum aquaticum, infestation pose a more immediate
threat to recreation, water supply use, and power generation uses in the lake than water quality
standards violations.
Aquatic weeds present an additional and somewhat different management challenge than the
nutrient reduction approach discussed in Parts 4.7.2 and 4.7.3 above. Nutrient enrichment
certainly influences the growth rate of Parrot Feather, Hydrilla and other aquatic weeds,.but the
extent of that influence is not documented. It is a reasonable assumption that reducing nutrient
loads will positively contribute to the effective management of infestations. In addition, control
(reduction) of aquatic weed beds may reduce the rate at which sediment is deposited around
them. Currently, however, biological control via grass carp, chemical treatment and habitat
elimination via water level drawdowns are the most viable management options.
In addition to the management efforts led by Duke Power and NC Aquatic Weeds Council, all
citizens must diligently reduce the probability of further infestations by removing weeds from
boat props and trailers between launches and never disposing of ornamental pond/aquarium
plants into the lakes. More information on aquatic weeds can be found at NCSU Crop Science
Department's aquatic weed webpage at http://www.weedscience.nesu.edu/aquatieweeds. Below is a
summary of control efforts in the lakes to date.
LAKE JAMES: Duke Power discovered the nuisance aquatic plant, Hydrilla, in the Catawba
River arm of Lake James in 1999. This plant has the potential of spreading rapidly throughout
the lake, reducing available boating and swimming areas, and decreasing the lake's aesthetic
appearance. In 2002, the NC Wildlife Resources Commission stocked 21,500 grass carp to
control the spread of Hydrilla.
Section A: Chapter 4 — Water Quality Issues Related to Multiple Watersheds in the Catawba River Basin 72

In January 2002, SCDHEC, DWQ'and CMUD reached an agreement on the terms of the
phosphorus limits at the McAlpine treatment plant and expanded the permitting strategy to
include the WWTPs on Sugar, Irwin and Twelvemile Creeks (in Union County). The final
settlement agreement includes four main points: phosphorus limits at all three CMUD facilities,
a bubble limit, a mass cap, and a TMDL. The phosphorus limit corresponds to 1 mg/l at the
permitted flows calculated on a 12-month rolling average. The bubble limit refers to a mass
limit for total phosphorus that applies to the combined discharge of all three CMUD plants. This
type of limit allows CMUD operational flexibility with regard to phosphorus removal. In order
to be protective of water quality in the downstream lakes, SCDHEC requested a maximum
combined limit to ensure optimized plant operation at all times. The maximum limit corresponds
to a concentration limit of 2 mg/l at maximum permitted flow. In addition, the agreement
includes a provision that will include DWQ and all affected NC entities in the TMDL process.
5.3.2 Long Creek [AU# 11-120-(2.5)]
Current Status and 2004 Recommendations
The Long Creek watershed drains north central Mecklenburg County between Charlotte and
Huntersville. Approximately 11.3 miles of Long Creek (from a point 0.6 mile downstream of
Mecklenburg County SR 2074 to a point 0.4 mile upstream of Mecklenburg County SR 1606)
are rated Impaired due to turbidity and exceedances of the manganese water quality standard.
Ambient data from the current assessment period indicate that the turbidity readings remain in
violation of the state standard. Fecal coliform concentrations are also above the state standard,
but Long Creek is not used for primary recreation. There are no NPDES discharges to this
stream, suggesting that impairment is likely a result of urban runoff, construction and agriculture
in the watershed. This evaluation is based on chemical monitoring data because DWQ does not
have biological monitoring locations on Long Creek at this time.
In 2002, Mecklenburg County entered into a partnership with the NCDOT and the NC Division
of Land Quality regarding the 1-485 construction project through the Long Creek watershed.
NCDOT funded staff and resources for the development, monitoring,and maintenance of 15
continuous automated monitoring sites located throughout the watershed, which automatically
download water quality data to a website every 15 minutes and alert staff regarding elevated
turbidity levels. In 2003 and 2004, the network detected several sedimentation problems that
were quickly corrected thus preventing significant downstream water quality impacts. ' The
program has been extremely successful and NCDWQ encourages similar programs and
partnerships when the opportunity arises in other watersheds.
Long Creek suffers from the impacts of rapid urbanization. Please refer to Section A, Chapter 4,
Part 4.13 for a detailed discussion on DWQ's approach to and recommendations for this issue.
5.3.3 Lake Wylie [AU# 11-(122) and 11-(123.5)]
The area covered by Lake Wylie overlaps the boundaries of subbasins 03-08-34, 03-08-36 and
03-08-37. Therefore, a detailed discussion on Lake Wylie can be found in Section A, Chapter 4,
Part 4.7.3. Because of chlorophyll a standard violations, algal blooms, and dissolved oxygen
percent saturation values greater than 120 percent, Lake Wylie (4,019.6 acres, NC portion) is
Impaired by eutrophication. Data collected by the Mecklenburg County Water Quality Program
support these findings.
Section B: Chapter 5 - Catawba River Subbasin 03-0&34 154

Table 13-11 Summary of Sugar Creek Watershed Fecal Coliform TMDL
Critical Conditions
Site -specific critical conditions occurred during periods of low streamflow coinciding
with high fecal coliform loads from both the SSOs and the WWTPs.
Seasonality
All seasons addressed.
Development Tools
Watershed model, BASINS Versions
Supporting Documents
Fecal Coliform Total Maximum Daily Load for the Irwin, McAlpine, Little Sugar and
Sugar Creek Watersheds, Mecklenburg County, and references listed in report.
TMDL(s)
Waterbody
TMDL (cfu/100ml)
Sugar Creek 8.4x l O"
Irwin Creek 7.7xlO"
Little Sugar Creek 9.4x1012
McAlpine Creek downstream of Sardis Road I.lx10E1
McAlpine Creek upstream of Sardis Road 6.8x 1012
Loadings
Sugar Creek watershed:
Point sources 7.4x 1012 col/ I00ml (63% reduction)
Nonpoint sources 8.9x 1011 col/ I OOml (58% reduction)
Irwin Creek watershed:
Point sources 7.0x10" col/100ml (60% reduction)
Nonpoint sources 7.3x 10' 1 col/ I OOml (62% reduction)
Little Sugar Creek watershed:
Point sources 6.7x1012 col/IOOml (43% reduction)
Nonpoint sources 2.6x1012 col/IOOmI (19% reduction)
McAlpine Creek watershed (downstream):
Point sources 7.8x1012 col/i OOm] (70% reduction)
Nonpoint Sources 3.2x1012 co]/100m1 (28% reduction)
McAlpine Creek watershed (upstream):
Point sources 7.8x l O'2 col/100ml (32% reduction)
Nonpoint sources 5.9x1011 col/ 100ml (68%reduction)
The MCDEP, Charlotte Mecklenburg Utilities, and Charlotte Mecklenburg Storm Water
Services can accomplish implementation of the TMDL cooperatively. Local coordination,
oversight and reporting for the TMDL should be the responsibility of the MCDEP. Each of the
three programs has currently funded efforts dedicated to reducing fecal coliform levels in
Charlotte's streams, and these efforts can be augmented to fulfill the requirements of the TMDL
Implementation Strategy.
Phosphorus Load Reduction Strate�y
In the summer of 2001, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
(SCDHEC) filed a Petition for a Contested Case in the North Carolina Office of Administrative
Hearings regarding the renewal of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Utilities Department (CMUD)
McAlpine Creek wastewater treatment plant. The primary complaint on the part of SCDHEC
was that the permit was renewed without a phosphorus limit. Nearly all of South Carolina's
municipal dischargers to the mainstem Catawba River (upstream of Lake Wateree) have been
given phosphorus limits, generally equivalent to 1 mg/i. The McAlpine Creek WWTP permit
had a phosphorus optimization study special condition that stipulated preparatory requirements
for the facility to ready itself for the upcoming phosphorus TMDL.
Section B: Chapter 5 - Catawba River Subbasin 03-08-34 153

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37. Nickel--TolaV mg/L
38. Nitrate (as N), mg&
39. Nitrale-ritMe (as N), mg/L
40. Nitrite (as N), mglL
41. Oil and grease -Total recoverable, mg1L
42. Organic carbon -Total (TOC), mg/L ........
43. Organic nitrogen (as N), mg/L .................
44. Orthophosphate (as P). mg1L ...................
AA furnace ...................,
ICP/AES .......................
ICPIMS ..........................
DCP...............................
Digestion4 followed by:
AA direct aspiration 36 ..,
AA furnace ...................
STGFAA .......................
ICP/AES 38 ...............
ICP/MS .........................
DCP 36, or .....................
Colortmetric (heptoxime)
Ion Chromatography ....
CIErUV...............................................
Ion Selective Electrode ......................
Colortmetric (Brucine sulfate), or .......
Nitrate -nitrite N minus Nttrtte N (See
parameters 39 and 40)..
Cadmium reduction, manual or .........
Automated. or ....................................
Automated hydrazine .........................
Ion Chromatography ..........................
CIEIUV...............................................
Spectrophotometric: Manual or ..........
Automated (Diazotization) ..................
Automated ('bypass cadmium reduc-
tion).
Manual ('bypass cadmium reduction)
Ion Chromatography ..........................
CIE/UV...............................................
Hexane extractable material (HEM):
M taxane extraction and gravim-
etry.
Silica gel treated HEM (SOT -HEM):
Silica gel treatment and gravimetry..
Combustion or oxidation ....................
Total K)eldahl N (Parameter 31)
minus ammonia N (Parameter 4).
Ascorbic acid method:.
Automated, or ....................................
Manual single reagent .......................
Manual two reagent ...........................
200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
200.8, Rev. 5.4
(1994).
31138 ....
3120 B ....
...............................
3111 B or
...............................
3113 B ...
200.9. Rev. 2.2
(1994).
200.7, Rev. 4.4
3120 B ...
(1994).
200.8, Rev. 5.4
................
(1994).
...............................
............
................
3500-N! [
Edition)
3W.0, Rev 2.1
4110 B ...
(1993) and
3D0.1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
..............................
4500-NQ
352.11 ..................
353.2. Rev- 2.0
(1993).
300.0. Rev 2.1
(1993) and
300.1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
............................
............................
353.2. Rev. 2.0
(1993).
............................
300.0. Rev 2A
(1993) and
30D.1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
1664A42 ............
4500-Na
45OD-NO;
45OD-NO:
41108 ...
45DD-NQ
................
4500--N ,
4500-NO:
4110 B ...
1664A42.-
............................... 5310 B. C
365.1, Rev. 2.0 4500-P F
(1993).
...............1............ 4500-P E
365.3 (Issued
1978)1,
AIL "f r
3113 B-99 ..............
..........................
l-U92-9647
312D B ..................
3120 B-N ..............
...............................
1-4471-9750
..............
...............................
.................................
D5673-03.............
W3.143
..............
...............................
.................................
...............................
See footnote34
C ..........
...............................
3111 B or C--99 ......
D1886-90, 94 (98)
I-N99-852
(A or B).
..............
...............................
3113 B-99 ..............
D1886-90, 94 (98)
1--4503--8951
..............
3120 B ..................
3120 B--99 ..............
...............................
I-447"7 50
..............
...............................
.................................
D5673-03.............
993.143
..............
...............................
.................................
D4190-94, 99 .......
See footnote 34
(t 71h
..............
4110 B ..................
4110 B-00 ..............
04327-37, 03 .......
993.303
..............
...............................
.................. I .... I .... .....
...............................
D6508, Rev. 254
-0 .......
4500-NO3 -D .......
4500-NO3 -D-00.
..............
...............................
.................................
.... I..........................
973,503, 41901-7,
p. 289
f .........
4500-NO3f .........
4500-NO3-E-00 .....
D3867--99(B).
f.........
450D-NO3-F .........
4500-NO3f--00 .....
D3867-99(A) ........
1-4545-852
-H ........
4500-NO3-H ........
450D-NO3-H-00.
..............
4110 B ..................
4110 B-00 ..............
D4327-97 .............
993.303
..............
...............................
.................................
...............................
D6508, Rev. 254
-6 .........
4500-NO2$ .........
4500-NO2-B--00 .....
...............................
See footnote25
..............
............1.-1............
.......-........................
.............................
1--4540-85 2
-F .........
4500-NO3f .........
4500-NO3f-00 .....
D3867-99(A) .......
1-4545�852
f .........
4500-NO3f .........
4500-NO3f-00 .....
D3867-99(B).
..............
41108 ..................
4110 B-00 ..............
04327-07. 03 .......
993.303
..............
...............................
.................................
...............................
D6508, Rev.254
..............
5520 B38 ..............
552D B-0138.
or D ....
5310 B, C, or D ....
5310 B, C, or D-W
D2579-93 (A or B)
973.47,3 p. 1424
..............
45D0-P F ..............
.................................
...............................
973.563, t--4601-
852
45D0-P E .............
.................................
D515-08(A) ..........
973.553

�%S D'RECp
i[II�iA
•AM[!
o
Igo
Monday,
March 12, 2007
Part III
Environmental
Protection Agency
40 CFR Part 122, 136, et al.
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures
for the Analysis of Pollutants Under the
Clean Water Act; National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations; and National
Secondary Drinking Water Regulations;
Analysis and Sampling Procedures; Final
Rule

().S FSA—(,a [ 1 c 111
Brief Introduction:
Br. Class: General Introduction and Classification
Information:
NOTE:
In digital format versions of this document, this
file name (FUELOIL2.HEA), the "heal' stands for
heating oil. See also separate entry (file)
FUELOIL2.GEN for summary on Fuel Oil number 2 in
general (not just heating oil).
Diesel fuels, and typical home heating oil and high
aromatic content home heating oil, are forms of no.
2 fuel oil [498,560]. specifications for both
middle distillate heating fuels and transportation
fuels are similar [747). The final products may be
treated as required for their particular use, but
they are otherwise virtually indistinguishable on
the basis of their gross physical or chemical
properties [7471. Diesel oil 2 is similar in
chemical composition to Fuel oil 2, with the
exception of additives [962]. Several references
do not explicitly state which form of Number 2 oil
they were testing. To alleviate some of the
confusion, information that specifically listed
"heating oil" is presented in this entry. The
reader is encouraged to read the following related
entries: Fuel Oil Number 2; Diesel Oil, General;
Diesel Oil #1; Diesel oil #2; and Diesel Oil #4.
Along with diesel oil, typical heating fuel oil is a type
of no. 2 fuel oil. Fuel oils are comprised of mixtures
of petroleum distillate hydrocarbons [363,4991. The
various kinds of fuel oils are obtained by distilling
crude oil, and removing the different fractions.
In terms of refining crude oil, typical heating oil is a
middle distillate. The middle distillates include
kerosene, aviation fuels, diesel fuels, and fuel oil #1
and 2. These fuels contain paraffins (alkenes),
cycloparaffins (cycloalkanes), aromatics, and olefins
from approximately C9 to C20. Aromatic compounds of
concern included alkylbenzenes, toluene, naphthalenes,
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Heating oil
contains a higher percentage by volume of benzenes and
naphthalenes relative to kerosene or diesel fuels. Most
middle distillates contain some benzene, alkylbenzenes,
toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and cumenes, but in much

,'I%
lower percentage than gasoline [661). Fuel oil no. 2
spans the carbon number range from about Cll to C20
17473.
Fuel oil no. 2 products, consisting predominantly of
atmospheric distillate streams, contain less than 5%
three- to seven -ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). If high proportions of heavy atmospheric, vacuum
or light cracked distillates are present, the level may
be as high as 10% (747].
According to the U.S_ Coast Guard Emergency Response
Notification System (ERNS), no. 2 fuel oil is one of the
most commonly spilled petroleum products in the U.S.
[635]. Major U.S. spills involving no. 2 heating oil
include: Bouchard #65 tanker incident off Buzzards Bay,
Massachusetts, 1977; Exxon Bayway Refinery pipeline
incident, in the Arthur Kill waterway, New York, 1990;
and the world Prodigy tanker incident off Newport, Rhode
Island, 1989 [5551.
Br.Haz: General Hazard/Toxicity summary:
Short-term hazards of the some of the lighter, more
volatile and water soluble compounds (such as toluene,
ethylbenzene, and xylenes) in heating oil no. 2 include
potential acute toxicity to aquatic life in the water
column (especially in relatively confined areas) as well
as potential inhalation hazards. Heating oil no. 2 has
moderate volatility and moderate solubility [777].
Heating oil no. 2 possesses moderate to high acute
toxicity to biota with product -specific toxicity related
to the type and concentration of aromatic compounds
[777]. Heating oil no. 2 spills could result in potential
acute toxicity to some forms of aquatic life. Oil
coating of birds, sea otters, or other aquatic life which
come in direct contact with the spilled oil is another
potential short-term hazard. In the short term, spilled
oil will tend to float on the surface; water uses
threatened by spills include: recreation; fisheries;
industrial, potable supply; and irrigation [608].
Long-term potential hazards of some of the lighter, more
volatile and water soluble compounds (such as toluene and
xylenes) in heating oil no. 2 include contamination of
groundwater. Long-term water uses threatened by spills
include potable (ground) water supply. Chronic effects
associated with middle distillates are mainly due to
exposure to aromatic compounds [661].
Long-term effects are also associated with PAHs, alkyl
PAHs, and alkyl benzene (such as xylene) constituents of
heating oil no. 2. Although PAHs, particularly heavy

PAHs, do not make up a large percentage of heating oil
no. 2 by weight, there are some PAHs in heating oil no.
2, including naphthalene, alkyl naphthalenes,
phenanthrene, and alkyl phenanthrenes [747]. Due to
their relative persistence and potential for various
chronic effects, PAHs (particularly the alkyl PAHs) can
contribute to long-term (chronic) hazards of heating oil
no. 2 products in contaminated soils, sediments, and
groundwater. Chronic effects of some of the constituents
in heating oil no. 2 (toluene, xylene, naphthalenes,
alkyl benzenes, and various alkyl PAHs) include changes
in the liver and harmful effects on the kidneys, heart,
lungs, and nervous system. Increased rates of cancer,
immunological, reproductive, fetotoxic, genotoxic effects
have also been associated with some of the compounds
found in heating oil no. 2 (see entries on individual
compounds for more details).
Since Diesel oil 2 is similar in chemical composition to
Fuel oil 2, with the exception of additives [962],
studies on diesel toxicity are of some interest related
to this product (see the Diesel Oil, General and Diesel
Oil #2 entries).
Many of the PAHs found in this product (see Chem.Detail
section below) are more toxic in sunlight or other UV
source than elsewhere (see PAHs as a group entry).
See also: ATSDR toxicological profile on fuels oils in
general, including this product [962].
Br.Car: Brief Summary of Carcinogenicity/Cancer Information:
Distillate fuel oils are not classifiable as to the
carcinogenicity to humans [747]. However, certain
carcinogenic effects have been associated with some of
the other compounds found in fuel oil no. 2 (see entries
on individual compounds for more details).
There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity in
experimental animals of fuel oil no. 2 [747].
The debates on which PAHs, alkyl PAHs, and other
aromatics found in this product to classify as
carcinogens, and the details of exactly how to perform
both ecological and human risk assessments on the complex
mixtures of PAHs typically found at contaminated sites,
are likely to continue. There are some clearly wrong
ways to go about it, but defining clearly right ways is
more difficult. PAHs usually occur in complex mixtures
rather than alone. Perhaps the most unambiguous thing
that can be said'about complex PAH mixtures is that such
mixtures are often carcinogenic and possibly phototoxic.

One way to approach site specific risk assessments would
be to collect the complex mixture of PAHs and other
lipophilic contaminants in a semipermeable membrane
device (SPMD, also known as a fat bag) [894,895,8961,
retrieve the contaminant mixture from the SPMD, then test
the mixture for carcinogenicity, toxicity, and
phototoxicity (James Huckins, National Biological
Service, and Roy Irwin, National Park Service, personal
communication, 1996).
Painting either diesel fuel or closely related Fuel oil
2 on mice was positive for carcinogenesis [875).
See also: ATSDR toxicological profile on fuels oils in
general, including this product [9621. See also: PAHs as
a group entry.
Br.Dev: Brief Summary of Developmental, Reproductive,
Endocrine, and Genotoxicity Information:
The results are mixed, but some immunological,
reproductive, fetotoxic, and genotoxic effects have been
associated with a few of the compounds found in heating
oil no. 2 [764,765,766,767] (see entries on individual
compounds for more details).
Some of the PAHs found in fuel oil are either AHH active
or endocrine disruptors (561].
See also: ATSDR toxicological profile on fuels oils in
general, including this product [962).
See also: PAHs as a group entry.
Br. Fate: Brief Summary of Key Bioconcentration, Fate,
Transport, Persistence, Pathway, and Chemical/Physical
Information:
Heating oil no. 2 is a middle distillate petroleum
hydrocarbon product of intermediate volatility and
mobility (6611. As an intermediate product, heating oil
no. 2 has a combination of lighter, less persistent and
more mobile compounds as well as some heavier, more
persistent and less mobile compounds. These two
different groups are associated with two distinctly
different patterns of fate/pathway concerns:
The relatively lighter, more volatile, mobile, and
water soluble compounds in heating oil no. 2 will
tend to evaporate fairly quickly into the
atmosphere or migrate to groundwater. when exposed
to oxygen and sunlight, most of these compounds
will tend to break down relatively quickly.

However, in groundwater, many of these compounds
tend to be more persistent than in surface water,
and readily partition on an equilibria basis back
and forth between water and solids (soil and
sediment) media. Cleaning up groundwater without
cleaning up soil contamination will usually result
in a rebound of higher concentrations of these
compounds partitioning from contaminated soils into
groundwater (Roy Irwin, Personal Communication,
1995).
The compounds in heating oil no. 2 which will tend
to be somewhat more persistent and more bound to
solid particles will include the PAHs, alkyl PAHs,
and alkyl benzenes. Higher concentrations of
heavier PAHs will tend to be in adjacent
contaminated soils than in groundwater, but
cleaning up groundwater without cleaning up soil
contamination will nevertheless usually result in
at least some rebound of higher concentrations of
these compounds partitioning from contaminated
soils into groundwater (Roy Irwin, Personal
Communication, 1995).
See also: ATSDR toxicological profile on fuels oils in
general, including this product [962].
Synonyms/Substance Identification:
Home heating oil (560]
Furnace fuel [683]
No. 2 heating oil (555]
Domestic fuel oil [747]
Domestic heating oil [747]
Furnace oil no. 2 [747]
Heating oil [747]
Gas Oil [962]
Number 2 burner oil [962]
Associated Chemicals or Topics (Includes Transformation
Products);
See also individual entries:
Diesel Oil, General
Diesel Oil #1
Diesel Oil #2
Diesel Oil #4
Fuel Oil, General
Fuel Oil Number 2
Petroleum, General
oil Spills
PAHs as a group

Water Data Interpretation, Concentrations and Toxicity (All Water
Data Subsections Start with "W."):
W.Low (Water Concentrations Considered Low):
No information found; see Chem.Detail section for
compounds in this product, then see individual compound
entries for summaries of information on individual
components of this mixture.
W.High (water Concentrations'Considered High):
No information found; see Chem.Detail section for
compounds in this product, then see individual compound
entries for summaries of information on individual
components of this mixture.
W.Typical (Water Concentrations Considered Typical):
No information found; see Chem.Detail section for
compounds in this product, then see individual compound
entries for summaries of information on individual
components of this mixture.
W.Concern Levels, Water Quality.Criteria, LC50 Values, Water
Quality Standards, Screening Levels, Dose/Response Data, and
Other Water Benchmarks:
W.General (General Water Quality Standards, Criteria, and
Benchmarks Related to Protection of Aquatic Biota in
General; Includes Water Concentrations Versus Mixed or
General Aquatic Biota):
No information found; see Chem.Detail section for
compounds in this product, then see individual
compound entries for summaries of information on
individual components of this mixture.
W.Plants (Water Concentrations vs. Plants):
No information found; see Chem.Detail section for
compounds in this product, then see individual
compound entries for summaries of information on
individual components of this mixture.
W.Invertebrates (Water Concentrations vs. Invertebrates):
No information found; see Chem.Detail section for
compounds in this product, then see individual
compound entries for summaries of information on
individual components of this mixture.
W.Fish (Water Concentrations vs. Fish):

METHOD 8015C
Z• • ! ew ;;• WFJ wa;1
SW-846 is not intended to be an analytical training manual. Therefore, method
procedures are written based on the assumption that they will be performed by analysts who are
formally trained in at least the basic principles of chemical analysis and In the use of the subject
technology.
In addition, SW-846 methods, with the exception of required method use for the analysis
of method-deflned parameters, are Intended to be guidance methods which contain general
Information on how to perform an analytical procedure or technique which a laboratory can use
as a basic starting point for generating its own detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP),
either for its own general use or for a specific project application. The performance data
Included In this method are for guidance purposes only, and are not Intended to be and must
not be used as absolute QC acceptance criterla for purposes of laboratory accreditation.
1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
1.1 This method may be used to determine the concentrations of various
nonhalogenated volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds by gas
chromatography. The following RCRA compounds were quantitatively determined by this
method, using the preparative techniques indicated.
Appropriate Technique
Compound
CAS No.'
Purge-
Head-
Direct
Azeo.
Vacuum
and-
space'
Aqueous
Dist!
Dist.d
Trapp
Injection
Acetone
87-64-1
pp / ht
x
x
x
x
Acetonitrlle
75-05-8
pp
ne
x
x
ne
Acrotein
107-02-8
pp
ne
x
x
x
Acrylonibile
107-13-1
pp
ne
x
x
x
Ally! alcohol
107-18-6
ht
no
x
x
ne
t Amyl alcohol (TAA)
75_85.4
ht
x
ne
no
x
t-Amyl ethyl ether (TAEE)
919-9"
x/ ht
x
ne
ne
x
t-Amyl methyl ether (TAME)
994-05-8
x/ht
x
no
no
x
Benzene
71-43-2
x
x
ne
ne
x
t-Butyl alcohol (rBA)
75-85-0
ht
x
x
x
x
Crotonaldehyde
123-73-9
pp
ne
x
x
no
Diethyl ether
80-29-7
x
ne
x
no
no
Dlisopropyl ether (DIPE)
108-20-3
x/ ht
x
ne
no
x
Ethanol
64-17-5
1
x
x
x
x
Ethyl acetate
141-78-8
1
x
x
x
no
Ethyl benzene
100-41-4
x
x
ne
no
x
Ethylene oxide
75-21-8
1
ne
x
x
no
Ethyl tart -butyl ether (ETBE)
637-92-3
x/ ht
x
ne
ne
x
Isnoropyl alcohol (2-12ropanol)
67-63-0
pp
x
x
x
no
8015C -1 Revision 3
February 2007

Appropriate Technique
Compound
CAS No.'
Purge-
Head-
Direct
Azeo.
Vacuum
and-
space'
Aqueous
Dist`
Dist."
Trap
Injection
Methanol
67-Sa-1
I
x
x
x
ne
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK,
7M3-3
pp
x
x
x
x
2 Butanone)
Methyl tent -butyl ether (MTSE)
1634-04-4
x/ ht
x
x
no
x
AtNltroso-di-n-butylamine
924-16-3
pp
no
x
x
no
Paraldehyde
123-e3-7
pp
ne
x
x
no
2-Pentanone
107-87-9
pp
x
x
x
no
2-Picoline
109-08-8
pp
ne
x
x
ne
1-Propanol (rfPropyl alcohol)
71-23-8
pp
x
x
x
ne
Propionitrle (Ethyl cyanide)
107-12-0
ht
ne
x
x
ne
Pyridine
110-86-1
1
ne
x
x
ne
Toluene
108-88-3
x
x
ne
ne
x
o-Toluidine
95.53-4
1
ne
x
x
ne
o-Xylene
95-47-6
x
x
ne
no
x
m-Xylene
108-38-3
x
x
ne
no
x
p-Xylene
106-42-3
x
x
no
ne
x
a Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
b Purge -and -Trap (Methods 5030 or 5035)
c Azeotropic distillation (Method 5031)
d Vacuum disdIation (Method 5032)
e Headspace (Method 5021)
x Adequate response using this technique
ht Method analyte only when purged at 80 °C (high temperature purge)
I Inappropriate technique for this analyte
no Not evaluated
pp Poor purging efficiency, resulting In higher limits of quantitation. Use of an alternative sample
preparative method is strongly recommended. May be amenable to purging at elevated
temperature.
1.2 This method maybe applicable to the analysis of other analytes, including
triethylamine and petroleum hydrocarbons. The petroleum hydrocarbons Include gasoline
range organics (GRO) and diesel range organics (DRO). The sample preparation techniques
are shown in the table below.
Appropriate Technique
Compound CAS No' Purge- Head- Direct Solvent
and -Trap space Aqueous Extraction
Injection
Trlethylamine 121-44-8 1 ne x I
Gasoline range organics (GRO) — x x x I{1-
Diesel range organics DRO -- I x I x CAA
a Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number CA art
x: Adequate response using this technique; I: Inappropriate technique for this analyte;
no. Not evaluated
8015C - 2 Revision 3
February 2007

„J'
1.2.1 This method was applied to the analysis of triethylamine In water samples
by direct aqueous injection onto a different GC column than Is used for any other analytes.
Descriptions of the GC column, temperature program, and performance data for
triethylamine are provided In this method (see Secs. 6.2.5 and 11.2.6, and Table 6).
1.2.2 GRO corresponds to the range of alkanes from Cs to C,o and a boiling
point range of approximately 60 °C - 170 °C (Reference 5). DRO corresponds to the
range of aikanes from Cl,, to C2, and a boiling point range of approximately 170 °C - 430
°C (Reference 6). The quantitative analyses of these fuel types are based on the
procedures described In Sec. 11.11. The identification of specific fuel types may be
complicated by environmental processes such as evaporation, biodegradation, or when
more than one fuel type is present. Methods from other sources may be more appropriate
for GRO and DRO, since these hydrocarbons are not regulated under RCRA. Consult
State and local regulatory authorities for any specific regulatory requirements.
1.2.3 This method may be applicable to classes of analytes and to fuel types
and petroleum hydrocarbons other than those listed in Secs.1.1 and 1.2. However, in
order to be used for additional analytes, fuel types, or petroleum hydrocarbons, the analyst
must demonstrate that the gas chromatographic conditions, including the GC column, are
appropriate for the analytes of Interest. The analyst must also perform the initial
demonstration of proficiency described in Sec. 9.4 and Method 8000. Expansion of this
method to other fuel types or petroleum hydrocarbons will also necessitate careful defining
of the boiling point renge or carbon number range of the material and modification of the
quantitation approach to match such ranges. Analysts are advised to consult authoritative
sources, such as the American Petroleum Institute (API), for relevant definitions of other
fuel types or petroleum fractions.
NOTE: Mention of the analyses of other fuel types and petroleum fractions does not
Imply a regulatory requirement for such analyses, using this or any other
method.
1.3 This method can also be used as a screening tool (for both volatile and
semivolatile organics) to obtain semiquantitative data to prevent overloading the GC/MS system
during quantitative analysis. This may be accomplished using a purge -and -trap method (e.g.,
Method 5030), an automated headspace method (e.g., Method 5021), direct aqueous Injection,
or by direct Injection, If a solvent extraction method has been utilized for sample preparation.
Single -point calibration is acceptable in this situation. Performance date are not provided for
screening.
1.4 Prior to employing this method, analysts are advised to consult the base method
for each type of procedure that may be employed in the overall analysis (e.g., Methods 3500,
3600, 5000, and 8000) for additional Information on quality control procedures, development of
QC acceptance criteria, calculations, and general guidance. Analysts also should consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of the manual and the information in Chapter Two for guidance
on the intended flexibility in the choice of methods, apparatus, materials, reagents, and
supplies, and on the responsibilities of the analyst for demonstrating that the techniques
employed are appropriate for the analytes of interest, in the matrix of interest, and at the levels
of concern.
In addition, analysts and data users are advised that, except where explicitly specified in a
regulation, the use of SW-B46 methods is not mandatory in response to Federal testing
8015C - 3 Revision 3
February 2007

requirements. The Information contained in this method is provided by EPA as guidance to be
used by the analyst and the regulated community In making judgments necessary to generate
results that meet the data quality objectives for the intended application.
1.5 This method is restricted for use by, or under the supervision of, analysts
appropriately experienced and trained in the use of a gas chromatograph and skilled in the
Interpretation of gas chromatograms. In addition, if this method is to be used for the analysis of
petroleum hydrocarbons, its use then should be limited to analysts experienced in the
Interpretation of hydrocarbon data. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate
acceptable results with this method.
2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD
2.1 This method provides gas chromatographic conditions for the detection of certain
nonhalogenated volatile and semivolatile organic compounds,
2.2 Depending on the analyses of interest, samples may be Introduced Into the GC by
a variety of techniques, including:
• Purge -and -trap (Methods 5030 or 5035)
• Equilibrium headspace (Method 5021)
• Direct injection of aqueous samples
• Injection of the concentrate from azeotmplc distillation (Method 6031)
• Vacuum distillation (Method 5032)
• Following solvent extraction (Methods 3510, 3520, 3535, 3540, 3541, 3545,
3546, 3550. 3560, or other appropriate technique)
2.3 Groundwater or surface water samples II need to be analyzed in
conjunction with Methods 5021, 5030, 5031, 5032 10, 3520 or other appropriate preparatory
methods to obtain the necessary lower limits of quan o . ethod 3535 (solid
�hase
extraction) may also be applicable to some of the target analytes, however, this method has not
been validated by EPA in conjunction with this determinative method.
2.4 Samples to be analyzed for diesel range organics may be prepared by an
appropriate solvent extraction method.
2.5 Gasoline range organics may be introduced into the GCIFID by purge -and -trap
(Methods 5030 and 5035), automated headspace (Method 5021), vacuum distillation (Method
5032), or other appropriate technique.
2.6 Trtethylamine may be analyzed by direct injection of aqueous samples. This
compound has not been found to be amenable to purge -and -trap techniques.
8015C - 4 Revision 3
February 2007