NC0004987_Assessment of Balanced & Indigenous_20091102

ASSESSMENT OF BALANCED AND INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS
IN LAKE NORMAN NEAR MARSHALL STEAM STATION
NPDES Permit No. NC0004987
Principal Investigators:
Michael A. Abney
William J. Foris
James J. Hall
RECEIVED
NOV 2 2009
DUKE ENERGY DENR :, WATER QUALITY
Corporate EHS Services POINT SOURCE BRANCH-.
McGuire Environmental Center
13339 Hagers Ferry Road
Huntersville, NC 28078
October 2009

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to express their gratitude to a number of individuals who made significant
contributions to this report. First, we are much indebted to the EHS Scientific Services field
staff in carrying out a complex, multiple -discipline sampling effort that provides the
underpinning of this report. Kim Baker, Bob Doby, James Hall, Bryan Kalb, Glenn Long,
and Todd Lynn were vital contributors in completing fisheries collections and sample
processing. James Hall, Aileen Lockhart, Shannon McCorkle, and Jan Williams contributed
in macroinvertebrate sampling, sorting and taxonomic processing.
We would also like to thank multiple reviewers; including Penny Franklin, Duane Harrell,
Ron Lewis, and John Velte. The insightful commentary and suggestions from these
individuals, and also between co-authors, have benefited the report in myriad ways.
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................. iv
LISTOF TABLES................................................................................................................ vi
LISTOF FIGURES............................................................................................................. vii
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION........................................................................................1-1
CHAPTER 2- STATION OPERATION............................................................................
2-1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION................................................................................
2-1
THERMALDATA.........................................................................................................
2-2
CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................
2-3
CHAPTER 3- MACROINVERTEBRATES......................................................................
3-1
MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................................................................
3-1
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................................
3-2
Substrate.......................................................................................................................
3-2
WaterQuality...............................................................................................................
3-2
Density.........................................................................................................................
3-2
Taxa..............................................................................................................................
3-3
CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................
3-4
CHAPTER4- FISH..............................................................................................................
4-1
MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................................................................
4-1
Summer Electrofishing Surveys..................................................................................
4-1
Spring Electrofishing Surveys.....................................................................................
4-1
Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys.............................................................4-2
Balanced and Indigenous Assessment.........................................................................
4-2
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................................
4-2
Summer Electrofishing Surveys..................................................................................
4-2
Spring Electrofishing Surveys.....................................................................................
4-3
Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys.............................................................
4-4
CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................
4-4
LITERATURECITED.......................................................................................................L-1
APPENDIXTABLES....................................................................................................... A-1
iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Annual monitoring of physicochemical characteristics and assessments of macroinvertebrate
and fish populations at selected locations in Lake Norman continued through 2008, in
accordance with an agreement with the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR). This report presents data collected from 2004 through 2008.
Results of data analyses completed since submittal of the previous report in 2003 are
reported and support renewal of the existing permitted thermal limits for Marshall Steam
Station (MSS).
MSS operated continuously from 2004 through 2008, and station operation during this period
was similar to previous years. MSS operated at an average capacity of 77% over the five-
year period. Monthly average discharge water temperatures at MSS were in compliance with
NPDES permitted thermal limits of 93.9 °F (34.4 °C) July 1 through October 31 and 91.9 °F
(33.3 °C) the rest of each year over this five-year period.
Sampling of macroinvertebrate communities continued during 2004 — 2008. Beginning in
2005, water temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels were measured at each location in
conjunction with macroinvertebrate sampling. The macroinvertebrate data exhibit
substantial variability, however, the variability is consistent with that observed for historical
data. The data for the current study exhibit the same general density and taxa diversity
trends noted during the previous study period, except in 2006, when macroinvertebrate
densities at the MSS discharge canal increased dramatically to 13,520/mz and were
dominated by 14 taxa of Oligochaeta. Water temperatures were slightly higher in the MSS
discharge canal, but overall, similar to other macroinvertebrate sampling locations. DO
levels were much lower at the MSS discharge canal than other macroinvertebrate sampling
locations. Current study results indicate that, overall, the macroinvertebrate densities and
taxa diversity observed during 2004 — 2008 at locations uplake, downlake, and in the vicinity
of MSS are indicative of balanced and indigenous macroinvertebrate communities in these
locations.
Monitoring and assessment of the fish communities near MSS also continued during 2004 —
2008 and indicated that a diverse fish community was present in the littoral portions of Lake
Norman around MSS. Trophic groups present include planktivores, insectivores, omnivores,
and piscivores. The MSS discharge canal yielded the highest total number of fish among
IV

locations, while also exhibiting the lowest DO (< 2.0 mg/L) among locations each summer.
Spring fish collections were more variable among years. Current study results were
consistent with previous years and similar to other Catawba River reservoirs.
Lake Norman forage fish populations remained fairly stable during 2004 — 2008. Threadfin
shad Dorosoma petenense remain the dominant species, and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus
numbers have been relatively low since 2004. Forage fish densities in Lake Norman are
similar to those noted in other Catawba River reservoirs of similar trophic status.
Based on the diversity and biomass of the Lake Norman littoral fish community, the
abundance of fish in the MSS discharge canal, and the abundance of forage fish available to
limnetic predators, it is concluded that the thermal regimes resulting from the operation of
MSS have supported the protection and propagation of a balanced and indigenous fish
community in Lake Norman.
Comparison of MSS operation and environmental monitoring data indicate that balanced and
indigenous populations of macroinvertebrates and fish continue to exist in Lake Norman in
the vicinity of MSS. This supports a conclusion that the present thermal limits should be
maintained when the Station NPDES permit is renewed.
VA

LIST OF TABLES
Table Title
1-1 Description of Lake Norman sampling locations in the vicinity of MSS,
CatawbaCounty, NC................................................................................
2-1 Marshall Steam Station CCW flow rate for each unit for 1, 2, and 3 -pump
Page
...........1-2
operation...................................................................................................................... 2-4
3-1
General descriptions of the substrate found at Locations A, B, F, and E in the
vicinity of MSS during July of 2004 through 2008 ....................................................
3-5
3-2
Water quality parameters measured at the time of macroinvertebrate collections
from Locations A, B, F, and E from 2004 — 2008 ......................................................
3-5
3-3
Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location A
(uplake of MSS) from 2000 — 2008............................................................................
3-6
3-4
Densities (no./m) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location B
(near MSS discharge) from 2000 — 2008.................................................................... 3-9
3-5
Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location F
(mid -lake near MSS) from 2000 — 2008...................................................................
3-11
3-6
Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location E
downlake of MSS from 2000 2008.
3-14
4-1
Number of individuals, percent composition, and number of species in summer
electrofishing surveys from five locations (A — E) in Lake Norman, 1991— 1993,
1994 —1999, 2000 — 2003, and 2004 — 2008.............................................................. 4-6
4-2
Number of individuals, percent composition, and number of species in spring
electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 —
1997 and 1999, 2000 — 2003, and 2004 — 2008.......................................................... 4-7
4-3
Forage fish species composition and modal threadfin shad total length (TL) class
in purse seine surveys in Lake Norman, 1993 — 2008 ................................................ 4-8
vi

Figure Title, Page
1-1 Sampling locations on Lake Norman . ......................................................................... 1-3
2-1
The daily and monthly average water temperature (°F) of the condenser cooling
4-2
CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
water discharged from MSS and percent capacity from January 1, 2004 through
Location A in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008...............................................................
December31, 2008.....................................................................................................
2-5
3-1
Density (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Lake Norman
Location B in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008................................................................
near MSS from 2000 — 2008.....................................................................................
3-17
3-2
Total number of taxa collected annually from Lake Norman near MSS from 2000
Location C in Lake Norman, 1994. — 2008................................................................
—2008 ........................................................................................................................
3-17
3-3
Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location D in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008...............................................................
Location A (uplake of MSS) from 2000 — 2008 .......................................................
3-18
3-4
Density (no./m) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location E in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008................................................................
Location B (near MSS discharge) from 2000 — 2008 ...............................................
3-18
3-5
Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 — 1997, 1999 — 2008 ............................................
Location F (mid -lake near MSS) from 2000 — 2008 .................................................
3-19
3-6
Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 — 1997, 1999 — 2008 ............................................
Location E (downlake of MSS) from 2000 — 2008 ...................................................
3-19
4-1 Sampling locations and zones associated with fishery assessments in Lake
vii
Norman........................................................................................................................ 4-9
4-2
CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location A in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008...............................................................
4-10
4-3
CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location B in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008................................................................
4-10
4-4
CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location C in Lake Norman, 1994. — 2008................................................................
4-11
4-5
CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location D in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008...............................................................
4-11
4-6
CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location E in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008................................................................
4-12
4-7
Number of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 — 1997, 1999 — 2008 ............................................
4-12
4-8
Biomass of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 — 1997, 1999 — 2008 ............................................
4-13
4-9
Number of fish species collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas
(MSS and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 —1997, 1999 — 2008 ..................................
4-13
4-10
Zonal and lake -wide population estimates of pelagic forage fish in Lake Norman,
1997 —2008 ...............................................................................................................
4-14
vii

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Annual monitoring of physicochemical characteristics and assessments of macroinvertebrate
and fish populations at selected locations in Lake Norman continued through 2008 (Table 1-
1 and Figure 1-1), in accordance with an agreement with the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). Physicochemical and biological data were
collected at locations near Marshall Steam Station (MSS) and included a location upstream
of the facility (Location A), two sites within the immediate projected impact of MSS's
discharge (Locations B and C) and three downstream recovery sites (Locations D, E, and F),
presumably outside the influence of the effluent plume (Figure 1-1).
The objectives of this on-going monitoring program are to provide an assessment of the
balanced and indigenous nature of the biological populations in Lake Norman with respect to
the thermal discharge from MSS and evaluate renewal of thermal limits at the station. The
thermal limit for MSS is a monthly average discharge (i.e., end -of -pipe) temperature limit of
93.9 °F (34.4 °C) during July 1 through October 31, and 91.9 °F (33.3 °C) the rest of each
year.
Regulatory review of past studies have determined, pursuant to Section 316(a) of the Clean
Water Act that the thermal discharge of MSS ensures the protection and propagation of
balanced, indigenous populations in Lake Norman. This report presents data collected since
submittal of the previous summary reports (Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999,
2004a) and includes data collected from 2004 through 2008. These data were also compared
with other past and present on-going environmental monitoring programs conducted in this
watershed.
1-1

Table 1-1. Description of Lake Norman sampling locations in the vicinity of MSS, Catawba County, NC.
N
Approximate river
Report
miles upstream of
Location
Duke Power
the Cowans Ford
Designation
Location #
Location Description
County
Hydro
Longitude
Latitude
A
15.5
The first cove on the left upstream from MSS intake cove.
Catawba
1 16.9
-80.9461
35.6163
First cove along northern shoreline going into the MSS CCW
B
14.7
discharge cove.
Catawba
13.9
-80.9573
35.5942
C
14.5
Inside MSS discharge canal.
Catawba
13.9
-80.9644
35.5951
Large cove halfway between channel markers 14 & 15 on the
D
13.0
west side of the channel.
Catawba
12.7
-80.9527
35.5753
Cove formerly proposed for power plant site intake or
E
19.0
discharge.
Iredell
9.0
-80.9301
35.5297
Left shoreline, approximately 100 meters uplake of Channel
F
34.0
Marker 13.
Catawba
11.5
-80.9569
35.5544
N

Lookout Shoals Hydro
Cowans Ford Hydro
McGuire Nuclear Station
Figure 1-1. Sampling locations on Lake Norman. Duke Energy historical sampling location numbers
are listed in parentheses.
1-3

CHAPTER 2
STATION OPERATION
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Marshall Steam Station (MSS) is located on the western shore of Lake Norman (Figure 1-1)
just north of Charlotte, North Carolina, in Catawba County. Its four generating units have a
combined operating capability of 2,090 MWE-net. Units 1 and 2 are each rated at 385
MWE-net and began commercial operation in 1965 and 1966, respectively. Units 3 and 4 are
each rated at 660 MWE-net and began commercial operation in 1969 and 1970, respectively.
MSS receives once -through condenser cooling water (CCW) from below a skimmer wall
located at the mouth of a 1.3 -mi (2.1 -km) long cove. The surface area of the cove is about
200 ac (81 ha) and its volume is approximately 250 million ft3 (7 million m). The skimmer
wall was designed to retain the upper 60 ft (18.3 m) of water on the lake side of the wall at
full pond. The opening below the skimmer wall through which the station CCW is
withdrawn is about 10 ft (3 m) high and 270 ft (82.3 m) wide.
Units 1 and 2 each have two condenser cooling water pumps, and Units 3 and 4 each have
three condenser cooling water pumps. Typically, only one pump per generating unit is used
during the cool winter months or when the unit is operating at reduced load. During the
warmer summer months when units are operating at full -load, either two or three pumps per
unit are generally used, depending on which units are operating. Maximum rates of cooling
water flow are 423 cfs (12.0 cros) each for Units 1 and 2, and 709 cfs (20.1 cros) each for
Units 3 and 4. Thus, the maximum possible station CCW flow rate is 2,264 cfs (64.1 cros).
Under one pump per unit operation, the maximum CCW flow rate for the entire station is
1,230 cfs (34.8 cros). Refer to Table 2-1 for a listing of CCW flow rates for each unit under
one-, two-, and three -pump operation.
The condenser cooling water from MSS is discharged into a 1 -mi long cove. The discharge
cove varies from a width of 75 ft (22.9 m) and depth of 33 ft (10.1 m) at the discharge
structure to a width of 850 ft (259.1 m) and a depth of 50 ft (15.2 m) at the mouth of the
discharge cove. The total area of the discharge cove is about 75 ac (30.4 ha).
2-1

Lake Norman can be classified as oligotrophic, or nutrient poor, based on 2007 assessments
performed by the state in association with the Lake Assessment Program, which is conducted
on a 5 -yr cycle (NCDENR 2008). Nutrient and algal biomass data collected monthly from
May through September 2007 were consistently low or less than the laboratory reporting
limits for the specific analyte, whereas metal concentrations were within applicable water
quality standards. Turbidity levels were also low, and Secchi depths ranged from 1.8 to 2.6
m, indicating very good water clarity (NCDENR 2008). Elevated surface dissolved oxygen
concentrations and dissolved oxygen saturation values were observed in the upper, riverine
section of the reservoir, which is similar to that reported for 2002 (NCDENR 2003). Overall,
these results are similar to those previously reported by the state (NCDENR 2003) and to
other studies (MCDEP 2003, 2007, Duke Power 2005, and Duke Energy 2006, 2007, 2008)
on Lake Norman.
THERMAL DATA
MSS is operated by Duke Energy as a base -load generating facility, and station operation
during the period January 2004 through December 2008 was similar to previous years. MSS
operated continuously from 2004 through 2008, with peak pumping of condenser cooling
water during the summer. Electric generation, expressed as monthly average percent
capacity, ranged from a minimum of 46% in November 2006 to a maximum of 94% in
February 2004. MSS operated at an average capacity of 77% over the 5 -yr period.
The seasonal cycle of discharge water temperatures at MSS over the period January 2004
through December 2008 (Figure 2-1) was similar to that observed in previous years (Duke
Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999, 2004). Monthly average discharge water
temperatures at MSS were in compliance with NPDES permitted thermal limits of 93.9 OF
(34.4 °C) July 1 through October 31 and 91.9 OF (33.3 °C) the rest of each year, over this 5 -
yr time period (Figure 2-1). Discharge water temperatures ranged from a minimum monthly
average of 67.6 OF (19.8 °C) in December 2008 to a maximum monthly average of 93.7 OF
(34.3°C) in September 2005 (Figure 2-1). Average daily discharge temperatures ranged from
a minimum of 59.0 OF (15.0 °C) in December 2008 to a maximum of 100.2 OF (37.9 °C) in
September 2007 (Figure 2-1). Discharge temperatures are linked to a combination of local
meteorological conditions and electrical generation.
2-2

CONCLUSIONS
MSS operated continuously from 2004 through 2008 and station operation during this period
was similar to previous years. Electric generation, expressed as monthly average percent
capacity, ranged from a minimum of 46% in November 2006 to a maximum of 94%
measured in February 2004. MSS operated at an average capacity of 77% over the 5 -yr
period. During this 5 -yr period, monthly average discharge water temperatures at MSS were
in compliance with NPDES permitted thermal limits of 93.9 OF (34.4 °C) July 1 through
October 31 and 91.9 OF (33.3 °C) the rest of each year.
2-3

Table 2-1. Marshall Steam Station CCW flow rate for each unit for 1, 2, and 3 -pump
operation.
Unit Number
1 -Pump
cfs
2 -Pump
cfs
3 -Pump
cfs
1
281
423
N/A'
2
281
423
N/AI
3
334
564
709
4
334
564
709
Station Total
1,230
1,974
2,264
I Units 1 and 2 have only two CCW pumps available.
2-4

LL
120
100
80
I
40
20
100%
80%
n
60%
o
40% 0
n
20% p
0%
Figure 2-1. The daily and monthly average water temperature (°F) of the condenser cooling water discharged from MSS and percent
N capacity from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2008.
C-
a
C-
o
C-
a`
o
a
o
a
o
a
C- o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
�
4N
�
�
0
0
C'
cn
0
0
01
G1
-4
.i
~
v
CO
CO
CO 00
100%
80%
n
60%
o
40% 0
n
20% p
0%
Figure 2-1. The daily and monthly average water temperature (°F) of the condenser cooling water discharged from MSS and percent
N capacity from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2008.

CHAPTER 3
MACROINVERTEBRATES
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted annually in late July of each year from
2004 — 2008 as part of the continuing monitoring program for Marshall Steam Station
(MSS). As in previous years, samples were collected from four locations on Lake Norman;
Location A (uplake of MSS), Location B (MSS discharge canal), Location F (just north of
Channel Marker 13), and Location E (downlake) (Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1). In previous
reports (Duke Power Company 1994, Duke Power 1999, and Duke Power 2004a), Location F
was denoted as Location D only for benthic macroinvertebrate collections. Historically,
Location F was denoted Location 34.0.
A petite ponar dredge (15.3 x 15.3 cm) was used to collect five sample replicates at each
location. Samples were collected at depths ranging from two to three m to bracket the depth
of peak benthic abundance (Brinkhurst 1974). Samples were washed through a 500-µm
mesh sieve and individually preserved with 70% ethanol containing rose bengal stain. The
substrate at each location was identified and recorded based on a visual analysis of substrate
types, during the sieving process. Organisms were sorted in the laboratory and identified to
the lowest practicable taxon. Macroinvertebrate densities were calculated by extrapolating
ponar densities to a standard one mZ bottom area. The assessment of the balanced and
indigenous nature of the benthic community in the vicinity of MSS was determined by
comparing macroinvertebrate densities and taxa abundance among the sample locations.
Beginning in 2005 in conjunction with macroinvertebrate sampling, a pre -calibrated YSI
Model 55 handheld dissolved oxygen (DO) meter was used to measure water temperature
and DO just above the sediment at each location. Starting in 2008, water temperatures and
DO values were measured in situ, using a pre -calibrated Hach®HQ40d water quality meter.
3-1

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Substrate
Typically, the substrate was similar at all locations, being composed primarily of silt, sand,
and organic matter (om). Clay was observed in the substrate at Location E in 2005 and
Location B in 2008 (Table 3-1).
Water Ouality
Water temperatures observed during sampling from 2005 — 2008 ranged from 27.1 — 33.9 °C
(Table 3-2). The lowest temperature each year generally varied between locations and
ranged from 27.1 to 29.2 °C, but Location B (MSS discharge location) had the highest
temperature each year ranging from 29.5 to 33.9 °C. The lowest temperature for all locations
occurred in 2007.
The DO observed from 2005 — 2008 ranged from 1.3 to 8.8 mg/L (Table 3-2). The lowest
DO each year occurred at Location B, ranging from 1.3 to 2.3 mg/L, and the highest DO
varied each year among Locations A, E, and F, ranging from 6.5 to 8.8 mg/L. Both
temperature and DO values were generally similar at Locations A, E, and F each year.
Densily
During 2004 — 2008, overall annual macroinvertebrate densities varied substantially among
years and locations (Tables 3-3 through 3-6 and Figure 3-1). The highest annual density was
reported at Location A in 2004 and 2008, Location F in 2005 and 2007, and Location B in
2006 (Figure 3-1). The annual densities in 2004 at Locations A and F were the highest
densities reported for these locations during this reporting period (Tables 3-3 through 3-6 and
Figure 3-1). Densities at Location A decreased from 2005 through 2007 but increased in
2008, when it was the highest reported density for the four locations that year. Densities at
Location F decreased each year from 6,706/mz in 2004 to 3,256/m2 in 2008, but Location F
still had the highest density of any location in 2005 and 2007 (Table 3-5 and Figure 3-1).
Densities at Location B decreased from 2004 to 2005 but increased in 2006 to 13,520/m2,
which was the highest reported density for all of the locations from 2004 — 2008 (Table 3-4
and Figure 3-1). Oligochaeta represented by 14 taxa made up 86.6% (11,692/mz) of the total
density at Location B in 2006. The family Tubificidae, represented by five taxa, made up
3-2

76.5% (10,349/mz) of the total density at Location B in 2006 (Table 3-4). Milligan (1997)
stated that Tubificids frequently form dense populations in organically enriched habitats with
a silty or muddy substrate tending toward anoxic conditions. Densities at this location
decreased sharply in 2007 to 2,110/mz and continued to decrease in 2008. Location E
generally had the lowest density among all locations each year (Figure 3-1). Densities from
2004 — 2008 at each location, with the exception of Location B in 2006, were similar to those
reported from 2000 — 2003 (Duke Power 2004a).
Taxa
The number of macroinvertebrate taxa collected at a location is typically a good indicator of
the overall diversity and the presence of a balanced indigenous population. Taxa abundance
from 2004 — 2008 varied temporally and spatially (Tables 3-3 through 3-6 and Figure 3-2).
Generally, the taxa abundance decreased from 2004 to 2005 and then increased to the highest
number of taxa in 2006. The highest number of taxa collected from Locations B and F
occurred in 2006 and at Locations A and E in 2008 (Figure 3-2). Overall, the highest
number of taxa was collected at Location F (43 taxa) in 2006 and the lowest from Locations
t ' E and B (20 taxa), in 2005 and 2008, respectively. The fewest number of taxa collected each
year from 2004 — 2008 occurred at Location B (MSS discharge canal) three out of the five
years. Overall, the number of taxa collected from 2004 — 2008 was generally similar to those
reported from 2000 — 2003 (Duke Power 2004a).
Macroinvertebrate populations at each location from 2004 — 2008 were comprised primarily
of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula taxa (Figures 3-3 through 3-6). As observed with
overall densities (Figure 3-1), Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula densities varied by
location and year (Figures 3-3 through 3-6). Generally, either Oligochaeta or Diptera taxa
dominated samples at each location from 2004 — 2008, but Corbicula were most abundant at
Locations A and F in 2004 and Locations F and E in 2005. Diptera had the highest
abundance at Location A in 2005 but was replaced by Oligochaeta from 2006 — 2008 (Figure
3-3). Location B in 2006 had the highest macroinvertebrate density for this reporting period
(13,520/mz), with Oligochaeta representing 87% of the total density (Figure 3-4). Corbicula
densities at Location B from 2004 — 2008 were extremely low, ranging from 0/m2 (2005 and
2006) to 17/m2 (2007). Similar numbers were reported for Corbicula at this location from
2000 — 2003 (Figure 3-4). Corbicula densities at Location F decreased dramatically between
2005 and 2006, and from 2006 — 2008, the highest densities alternated between Diptera and
Oligochaeta (Figure 3-5). Location E samples from 2004 — 2008 were generally dominated
3-3

by either Oligochaeta or Diptera, except in 2005 when Corbicula were most abundant
(Figure 3-6).
CONCLUSIONS
The water quality parameters (temperature and DO) taken at the time of macroinvertebrate
collections did not suggest any negative impact to the benthic communities. The only water
quality issue may be related to the low DO value each year at Location B, which could be
expected since MSS pulls its CCW from the bottom of Lake Norman (See Chapter 2 of this
report). Overall, macroinvertebrate densities and numbers of taxa were generally slightly
lower at Location B (MSS discharge canal), except in 2006, when the density at this location
was the highest recorded for 2000 — 2008 and was comprised mainly of Oligochaeta (87%
representing 14 of the 37 taxa). Slightly lower densities and numbers of taxa at this location
would be expected, due to the warmer water discharged from MSS. Higher densities and
taxa numbers collected at Location A (uplake of MSS), Location F (midlake near Channel
Marker 13), and Location E (downlake) indicate that there are no apparent thermal effects
L from the MSS heated discharge on the macroinvertebrate communities at these locations.
Based on macroinvertebrate densities and taxa diversity observed during 2004 — 2008, the
macroinvertebrate communities at these locations in the vicinity of MSS represent balanced
and indigenous populations.
3-4

Table 3-1. General descriptions of the substrate found at Locations A, B, F, and E in the
vicinity of MSS during July of 2004 through 2008. Substrates are listed in order
of the most prevalent type first. Organic matter (om) is typically composed of
small sticks, leaf and/or grass fragments, etc.
Year
A
B
F
E
2004
silt
silt
silt
sand
DO (mg/L)
om
om
om
om
Tem °C
sand
sand
sand
silt
2005
sand
sand
silt
clay
DO (mg/L)
om
om
om
om
Tem °C
28.6
32.4
sand
sand
2006
silt
silt
silt
silt
DO (mg/L)
sand
om
om
om
Tem °C
om
sand
sand
sand
2007
silt
silt
silt
silt
DO (mg/L)
sand
sand
om
sand
Tem °C
om
om
sand
om
2008
silt
silt
silt
clay
DO (mg/L)
om
clay
sand
silt
Tem °C
30.5
om
om
om
Table 3-2. Water quality parameters measured at the time of macroinvertebrate collections
from Locations A, B, F, and E from 2004 - 2008.
Year
A
B
F
E
2004
DO (mg/L)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Tem °C
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2005
DO (mg/L)
6.9
2.3
7.3
7.3
Tem °C
28.6
32.4
29.2
28.9
2006
DO (mg/L)
6.8
1.6
5.7
7.0
Tem °C
29.5
33.9
30.0
28.8
2007
DO (mg/L)
6.5
1.3
5.5
6.5
Tem °C
27.6
29.5
27.4
27.1
2008
DO (mg/L)
7.8
1.5
8.8
7.8
Tem °C
30.5
33.1
29.2
30.1
3-5

Table 3-3. Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location A
(uplake of MSS) from 2000 — 2008.
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
Rh nchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp.
77
9
Oli ochaeta
Tubificida
Naididae
17
9
69
Arcteonais lomondi
9
Dero flabelliger
26
9
9
Nais behningi
9
Naffs communis
17
52
34
86
86
Nais simplex
9
Nais variabilis
43
9
9
43
77
26
Pristina aequiseta
9
Pristina breviseta
9
Pristina sima
52
1
9
9
43
Pristinella osborni
9
9
34
17
Ripistes parasita
95
17
St laria lacustris
34
26
Uncinais uncinata
52
9
456
Tubificidae
697
2,196
1,059
491
654
138
706
775
491
Aulodrilus Amnobius
1
1
103
77
26
276
181
146
Aulodrilus i ueti
26
17
9
Branchirua sowerbyi
43
172
499
112
121
52
129
Umnodrilus hoffineisterei
17
9
Potamothrix vejdovsk i
43
Tubifex harmani
60
Tubifex tubifex
26
95
258
913
Pol chaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa
534
629
2,781
34
784
112
34
9
Arthropoda
Acari
17
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Macron chus glabratus
9
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopo onidae
Pal om ia-Bezzia complex
17
9
34
52
34
17
34
17
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp.
17
C hi ronom idae-Chironom inae
Axarus spp.
9
Chironomus spp.
17
3-6

Table 3-3. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Cladopelma spp.
34
Cladotan tarsus spp.
164
155
405
1,025
887
474
77
95
189
C tochironomus spp.
86
34
60
60
95
34
69
224
103
Cryptotendipes spp.
17
52
43
17
129
17
26
155
Demicryptochironomus spp.
1
9
Dicrotendipes modestus
9
Dicrotendipes neomodestus
9
34
26
.60
9
34
Glyptotendipes spp.
9
Microchironomus spp.
77
Pagastiella spp.
17
26
17
26
Parachironomus spp.
9
Paralauterborniella spp.
9
43
9
Paralauterborniella ni rohalteralis
17
Polypedilum spp.
34
Polypedilum flavum
9
Pol pedilum halterale
69
17
284
69
52
17
17
34
Pol pedilum scalaenum
17
1
9
52
43
Pseudochironomus spp.
103
9
34
Stempellina spp.
60
69
60
9
Stictochironomus spp.
52
706
9
370
146
224
672
189
878
Tanytarsus spp.
9
241
121
103
86
353
26
17
43
Chironomidae-Orthocladiinae
Nanocladius spp.
9
Ablabesm is spp.
17
9
17
Ablabesm is annulata
34
26
9
9
Ablabesmyia Lanta
9
17
Ablabesm is mallochi
34
34
9
Coelotan pus spp.
52
138
52
26
43
95
D'almabatista pulchra
1
9 1
1
86
1 34
Procladius spp.
215
181
86
258
86
77
Procladius (Holotan pus) sp.
17
34
Procladius bellus
155
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Cams spp.
17
34
9
138
336
77
60
155
103
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp.
9
34
17
69
77
26
9
9
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis spp.
1 17
17
17
Odonata-Zygoptera
Coenagrionidae
Argia spp.
9
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatops the spp.
86
H droptilidae
H droptila spp.
17
9
17
Orthotrichia spp.
52
17
Leptoceridae
3-7

Table 3-3. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
20041
2005
2006
2007
2008
Oecetis spp.
43
34
17
17
52
Pol centro odidae
Pol centro us spp.
9
9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea
258
138
1,214
611
2,437
904
34
181
293
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae
181
Sphaerium spp-
9
413
413
43
267
Nematoda
17 1
9
17
9
95
43
172
Nemertea
Eno la
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens
26
Platyhelminthes
Turbellada
Tdcladida
Planariidae
Du esia spp.
9
Total Density for Year
2,102
4,888
6,157
4,719
6,793
3,557
3,265
2,620
5,114
Total Taxa for Year
21
31
21
36
31
27
34
29
37
3-8

Table 3-4. Densities (no./m) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location B
(near MSS discharge) from 2000 — 2008.
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
Rh nchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp.
26
Oligochaeta
Tubificida
Naididae
26
Naffs communis
155
9
9
Nais variabilis
276
43
Bratislavia unidentata
69
Dero trifida
9
Dero vaga
344
Haemonalis waldvojeli
26
Pristina breviseta
69
Pristina sima
69
Pristinella osborni
232
Uncinais uncinata
103
Tubificidae
560
3,134
474
86
60
17
2,170
17
34
Aulodrilus limnobius
34
9
43
5,200
207
9
Aulodrilus pigueti
1
852
1,6451
207
1,739
499
43
Aulodrilus pludseta
34
Branchirua sowerb i
69
26
52
1,033
112
146
Limnoddlus hofteisterei
9
9
207
Potamothrix ve'dovsk i
17
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Mana unkia speciosa
34
60
17
17
17
17
Arthropoda
Acari
9
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopo onidae
Pal om ia-Bezzia complex
17
95
9
52
43
9
129
26
26
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp.
232
121
9
129
34
86
Chironomidae-Chironominae
Chironomus spp.
26
9
9
9
9
Cladopelma spp.
60
138
17
26
52
Cladotanytarsus spp.
9
9
17
Cryptochironomus spp.
17
43
26
129
103
9
17
9
Cryptotendipes spp.
353
405
181
77
336
95
327
207
26
Dicrotendi es neomodestus
I
1
1
17 1
9
9
Harnischia spp.
34
9
9
1
52
Microchironomus spp.
17
Nilothauma spp.
9
17
3-9

Table 3-4. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
20041
2005
2006
2007
2008
Pagastiella spp.
17
43
34
60
34
112
9
Paralauterbormella spp.
17
Phaenopsectra spp.
9
Pol pedilum halterale
77
69
52
1,093
52
26
310
26
26
Pseudochironomus spp.
9
9
69
26
34
Stictochironomus spp.
17
9
9
Tanytarsus spp.
34
69
26
232
26
69
69
Chironom idae-Orthoclad i i nae
Parakiefferiella spp.
26
Chi ronom idae-Tanypod inae
Ablabesmyia spp.
17
34
Ablabesmyia annulata
34
9
189
103
77
112
52
189
189
Ablabesmyia mallochi
34
9
Ablabesmyia janta
9
Clinotanypus spp.
17
9
17
Clinotanypus pinguis
9
Coelotanypus spp.
138 1
121
60 1
129
43
77
69
301
258
Djalmabatista pulchra
9
Procladius spp.
17
9
224
336
207
189
362
129
43
Procladius Holotan us sp.
9
155
Procladius bellus
9
52
Ephemero tera
Caenidae
Caenis spp.
9
9
9
Ephemeridae
Hexagema spp.
26
26
138
52
103
155
34
121
224
M alo tera
Sialidae
Sialis spp.
9 1
9
17
Odonata-Aniso tera
Corduliidae
9
Neurocordulia spp.
34
Trichoptera
H dro s chidae
Cheumatops the spp.
9
Leptoceridae
Oecetis spp.
9
17
9
189
34
9
9
9
Mollusca
Pelec poda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea
9
26
17
9
17
9
Nematoda
43
34
34
9
69
103
Nemertea
Enopla
Ho lonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens
9
Total Density for Year
1,7391
4,677
1,534
3,668 1
3,0571
1,200
13,520
2,110
1,353
Total Taxa for Year
22 1
23
17
30 1
26 1
25
37
23
20
3-10

Table 3-5. Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location F
(mid -lake near MSS) from 2000 — 2008.
Taxa
2000 2001 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
17
Rhynchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp.
17
69
189
43
60
Oligochaeta
Tubificida
Naididae
26
17
Allonais pectinata
17
17
17
26
Bratislavia unidentata
9
Dero vaga
52
Nais communis
9
77
52
52
Nais variabil'
103
43
17
Ophidonais serpentia
26
Pristina acuminata
26
Pristina sima
26
69
17
26
Pristinella spp.
43
Pristinella osborni
43
9
95
60
9
Stephensoniana tandyi
9
Stylaria lacustris
9
26
Uncinais uncinata
34
9
146
Tubificidae
758 689 723
706
551
680
1,429
1,240
629
Aulodrilus limnobius
17
482
138
86
112
77
Aulodrilus pigueti
9
Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum
9
9
9
Branchirua sowerbyi
60
69
77
103
60
34
Limnodrilus hoffineisterei
9
Potamothrix vejdovski
9
17
Spirosperma nikolskyi
9
Stephensoniana tandyi
9
Tubifex harmani
52
Tubifex tubifex
26
34
17
189
112
Lumbriculida
Lumbriculidae
9
Lumbriculus spp.
26
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa
1,205 3,633 146
818
17
1,558
775
1,498
189
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Talitridae
3-11

Table 3-5. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Hyalella azteca
9
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
1
1
52
Palpomyia-Bezzia complex
17
34
43
95
17
9
95
17
9
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp.
17
9
Chironomidae-Chironominae
9
Chironomus spp.
9
Cladopelma spp.
9
Cladotanytarsus spp.
26
370
112
585
353
379
456
474
146
Cryptochironomus spp.
34
138
17
77
138
77
241
310
155
Cryptotendipes spp.
77
129
146
387
310
60
276
77
224
Demicryptochironomus spp.
1
34
9
Dicrotendipes neomodestus
9
Harnischia spp.
17
9
Nilothauma spp.
9
9
Pagastiella spp.
9
9
9
9
9
Paralauterborniella spp.
1
34
1 26
34
9
95
Paralauterbomiella nigrohalteralis
9
34
121
26
Polypedilum halterale
26
17
60
198
155
207
9
Polypedilum scalaenum
181
Pseudochironomus spp.
9
9
60
9
9
69
34
9
Stempellina spp.
17
52
34
198
60
60
9
Stenochironomus spp.
9
Stictochironomus spp.
26
284
69
77
103
26
258
189
Stictochironomus caffranius
69
Tanytarsus spp.
43
181
250
112
258
465
77
224
Chironom idae-Orthocladiinae
Parakiefferiella spp.
9
9
43
9
Chironom idae-Tanypodinae
Ablabesmyia annulata
9
9
Ablabesmyia janta
9
9
9
Ablabesmyia mallochi
34
9
77
9
17
Clinotanypus spp.
9
Coelotanypus spp.
34
9
43
9
34
60
Djalmabatista pulchra
17
77
17
Procladius spp.
9
34
138
34
198
34
60
224
Procladius bellus
17
Ephemeroptera
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp.
9
9
3-12

Table 3-5. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Neoperla spp.
9
Odonata-Anisoptera
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus spp.
9
Trichoptera
Leptoceridae
Nectopsyche exquisita
17
9
26
Oecetis spp.
17
9
34
Polycentropodidae
Polycentropus spp.
17
17
Cyrnellus fraternus
9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula flumina
2,824
801
1,231
1,946
3,022
2,049
198
715
146
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae
Pisidium spp.
947
Sphaerium spp.
69
112
34
1,093
422
129
60
17
Nematoda
77
138
17
250
Nemertea
Enopla
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens
77
26
60
77
172
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Tricladida
Planadidae
Du esia spp.
26
9
17
Total Density for Year
5,347
7,483
2,797
5,880
6,706
6,408
6,319
5,762
3,256
Total Taxa for Year
24
19
22
30
28
29
43
34
38
3-13

Table 3-6. Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location E
(downlake of MSS) from 2000 — 2008.
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
Rhynchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp.
34
Oligochaeta
Naididae
172
9
17
Allonais pectinata
9
Nais communis
17
26
Nais variabilis
9
26
17
Pristina longisoma
9
Pristinella spp.
17
Ripistes parasita
9
Stylaria lacustris
9
9
Tubificida
Tubificidae
766
1,180
43
379
327
267
155
112
103
Aulodrilus limnobius
456
310
129
26
121
Aulodrilus pigued
52
17
17
Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum
9
Branchirua sowerbyi
26
138
9
69
9
Umnodrilus hoffineisterei
9
Tubifex tubifex
60
86
129
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa
344
2,144
86
43
181
9
Arthropoda
Acari
17
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Palpomyia-Bezzia complex
138
52
43
60
17
26
9
34
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp.
26
9
Chironomidae-Chironom inae
Chironomus spp.
17
9
60
9
26
Cladopelma spp.
9
9
Cladotanytarsus spp.
250
86
17
1 155
103
1 129
9
26
Cryptochironomus spp.
112
138
17
1 9
60
1 26
9
26
17
Cryptotendipes spp.
69
103
207
26
155
17
34
10334
Dicrotendipes neomodestus
17
9
52
17
Glyptotendipes spp.
9
3-14

Table 3-6. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
20021
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Harnischia spp.
60
Pagastiella spp.
103
9
34
Pagastiella ostansa
43
Paralauterbomiella spp.
34
9
9
Paralauterborniella nigrohalteralis
26
34
Polypedilum halterale
60
241
17
69
26
34
Pseudochironomus spp.
34
69
34
103
9
Stempellina spp.
129
34
52
17
9
26
9
Stictochironomus spp.
138
9
26
43
26
Stictochironomus caffranius
26
Tanytarsus spp.
138
585
52
181
327
146
34
164
17
Tribelos spp.
17
Chironom idae-Orthocladiinae
Chaetocladius spp.
9
Cricotopus spp.
9
Parakiefferiella spp.
34
Thienemanniella spp.
17
Chi ronom idae-Tanypodi n ae
Ablabesmyia spp.
69
129
9
Ablabesmyia annulata
9
52
17
17
9
Ablabesmyia janta
26
121
77
26
Ablabesmyia mallochi
9
121
52
34
9
43
52
86
26
Coelotanypus spp.
138
17
9
34
86
189
Djalmabatista pulchra
34
121
17
9
Procladius spp.
9
86
146
95
164
86
86
Procladius (Holotanypus) sp.
17
103
Procladius bellus
86
17
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Acentrella spp.
9
Caenidae
Caenis spp.
26
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp.
112
9
9
69
17
9
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis spp.
26
26
17
43
9
9
17
Odonata-Zygoptera
Coenagrionidae
Argia spp.
9
9
17
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
3-15

Table 3-6. (Continued).
Taxa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Orthotrichia spp.
17
9
Leptoceridae
Oecetis spp.
34
9
60
26
Polycentropodidae
Cyrnellus fraternus
9
Polycentropus spp.
34
121
9
86
9
26
9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea
629
672
224
43
611
2,006
69
95
439
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae
17
Sphaerium spp.
103
77
60
77
17
Nematoda
69
9
9
Nemertea
Enopla
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens
34
9
9
Tiatyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Tricladida
Planariidae
Dugesia spp.
17
Total Density for Year
3,237
6,199
1,294
1,587
2,885
3,574
1,268
1,345
1,490
Total Taxa for Year
24
25
28
31
28
20
28
27
30
3-16

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o
u000 2001 000u u000 2004 oonm u000 000r 000u
oAoB F E
Figure 3'1. Density (no./2 ofmauroinvertebrateo collected annually from Lake Norman
near MSS from 200O-2008.
10,000
o,0uu
� s.mm
o.onu
� 4.mm
12
a.000
u.ono
1,000
E 'Ell E 'a E E
0 !� . _ . E [A , , , t I- _ I " i
u000 2001 000u onuo uoo+ unoe 000e uonr uooa
o/4 mB ''F E
Figure 3-2. Total number of taxa collected annually from Lake Norman near M88 from
2000-2000.
3-l7

2,500
2,000
Location A
c
1,000
500
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
m Oligochaeta o Diptera Corbicula
Figure 3-3. Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location A (uplake of MSS) from 2000 — 2008.
Location B
3,500
3,000
2,500
N
1=
0 2,000
C
T
c 1,500
CD
O
1,000
500
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
m Oligochaeta 0 Diptera , Corbicula
Figure 3-4. Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location B (near MSS discharge) from 2000 — 2008.
3-18

Location
3,500 ---'–'--'-'--'—'--'---'---------------------
3,0o
o,0oo
�
� 1.mm
17
1,000
sno
o
unno 2001 unoo uuno 2004 uuue uoom uour 0000
oO|igoohoega oDiptams ``Conbicula
c
Figure 3-5. of�li�o��,�� ��a�Co��u�uoll��d���bmm
Density ' ' '
)
Location F(oid-lxkenear MSS) from 2O00 -20O8.
Location
2,500 --------------------------------------------------
o,0oo
1,500
w 1.00n
o
500
o
u000 2001 uouo uuoo 2004 uoos uooe 2007 unna
nO|igochoata oDiptero ^' Cmrb/cule
z
Figure 3-6. Density (nm./n�) of Oligoubootu, Diptera, and Cwn)icu/u collected annually from
Location B(dnvvolukuofMSS) from 2000-2000.
S -l9

CHAPTER 4
FISH
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Summer Electrofishing Surveys
Electrofishing surveys were conducted in Lake Norman near Marshall Steam Station (MSS)
in July (2004 — 2008) at five locations: one uplake from the MSS intake (Location A), two in
the MSS discharge canal (Locations B and C), and two downlake from the MSS discharge
(Locations D and E; Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1). The locations surveyed consisted of 100-m
transects on both the left and right shorelines. Surface water temperature (°C) and dissolved
oxygen (DO, mg/L) were measured with a calibrated thermistor and DO probe, respectively,
at each location. Stunned fish were collected by two netters, identified to species, and
measured for total length (TL, mm). Catch per unit effort (CPUE, number of individuals/200
i
m) and the number of species were calculated for each sampling location.
Spring Electrofishing Surveys
Electrofishing surveys were conducted in Lake Norman in March or April (2004 — 2008) at
two areas (Figure 4-1): near MSS (Zone 4) and at a reference (REF, Zone 3) area located
between McGuire Nuclear Station and MSS. Ten 300-m shoreline transects were surveyed
in each area and were identical to historical locations surveyed since 1993. Transects
included habitats representative of those found in Lake Norman. Shallow flats where the
boat could not access within 3-4 m of the shoreline were excluded. All sampling was
conducted during daylight, when water temperatures were expected to be between 15 and 20
°C. Stunned fish were collected by two netters and identified to species. Fish were
enumerated and weighed in aggregate by taxon, except for largemouth bass Micropterus
salmoides and spotted bass M. punctulatus, where TL and weight (g) were obtained for each
individual collected. Surface water temperature (°C) was measured with a calibrated
thermistor at each location. Catch per unit effort (number of individuals/3,000 m) and the
number of species were calculated for each sampling area.
4-1

Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys
Abundance and distribution of pelagic forage fish in Lake Norman were determined using
mobile hydroacoustic (Brandt 1996) and purse seine (Hayes et al. 1996) techniques. The
lake was divided into six zones (Figure 4-1) due to its large size and habitat spatial
heterogeneity. An annual mobile hydroacoustic survey of the entire lake was conducted in
mid-September with multiplexing, side- and down -looking transducers to detect surface -
oriented fish and deeper fish (from 2.0-m depth to the bottom), respectively.
Annual purse seine samples were also collected in mid-September from the downlake (Zone
1), midlake (Zone 2), and uplake (Zone 5) areas of Lake Norman. The purse seine measured
122.0 x 9.1 m, with a mesh size of 4.8 mm. A subsample of forage fish collected from each
area was used to estimate taxa composition and TL size distribution.
Balanced and Indigenous Assessment
Annual summer electrofishing surveys are used to assess the balanced and indigenous nature
of the Lake Norman fish community and provide information relative to potential MSS
impacts. The assessment includes a comparison of CPUE and number of species data from
locations uplake of, downlake of, and in the discharge canal of MSS during summer
electrofishing. Spring electrofishing and hydroacoustic surveys near MSS began as part of
the Catawba-Wateree hydroelectric relicensing activities and continue as a means to monitor
the Lake Norman fishery.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Summer Electrofishing Surveys
Summer electrofishing surveys from 2004 — 2008 produced 3,187 individuals comprising
seven families, 20 species, and two hybrid centrarchid combinations (Table 4-1, Appendix
Tables A-1 to A-5). The species composition for the combined summer electrofishing
surveys was dominated by centrarchids (90.4%), with cyprinids (6.7%) and clupeids (2.2%)
greater than 1.0% each, and the remaining families representing less than 1.0% of individuals
combined. Previously reported data from summer 2000 — 2003 also documented dominance
by centrarchids (77.0%) with more cyprinids (21.3%). Spotted bass have steadily increased
4-2

in percent composition from being absent prior to 2005 to approximately 8.0% of individuals
collected in 2008.
Pollution tolerant species (i.e., longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus, goldfish Carassius auratus,
common carp Cyprinus carpio, golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, white catfish
Ameiurus catus, redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus, green sunfish L. cyanellus, and hybrid
sunfish; NCDENR 2008) represented 12.2% of the collected fish during summer 2004 —
2008. This percentage of pollution tolerant individuals has decreased from 18.2% of the
collected fish reported from summer 2000 — 2003.
From 2004 — 2008, location CPUE ranged from 10.0 (Location D in 2007) to 264.0 fish/200
in (Location E in 2008; Figures 4-2 to 4-6), and the number of species ranged from two
(Location D in 2007) to 11 species (Location E in 2008). Although Location C (MSS
discharge canal) had the lowest DO (< 2.0 mg/L) in all years, it typically had the highest total
number of individuals and resulting CPUE, likely due to deep riprap habitat and large
bluegill populations. Summer electrofishing data are consistent with previously reported
data (Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999, 2004a) and indicative of no negative
impact from MSS operations on Lake Norman fish populations.
Spring Electrofishing Surveys
Spring electrofishing surveys from 2004 — 2008 were conducted at average water
temperatures ranging from 15.6 to 19.4 °C. The number of individuals per 3,000 in ranged
from 924 to 2,449 at the MSS area and 1,087 to 2,397 at the REF area (Figure 4-7). Fish
biomass per 3,000 in ranged from 68.8 to 142.6 kg at the MSS area and from 69.3 to 114.3
kg at the REF area (Figure 4-8). The number of species per 3,000 in ranged from 16 to 21 at
the MSS area and from 17 to 20 at the REF area (Figure 4-9). Previous reports documented
that number of individuals, biomass, and number of species collected at the MSS area were
generally greater than those from the REF area (Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power
1999, 2004a). For 2004 — 2008 the number of individuals was generally higher at the REF
area, biomass was generally higher at the MSS area, and the number of species varied
between areas.
The number of individuals in spring electrofishing surveys from 2004 — 2008 was dominated
by centrarchids (MSS -90.6%, REF -86.3%), with cyprinids (MSS -6.9%, REF -6.5%) and
clupeids (MSS -1.8%, REF -6.4%) greater than 1.0% each, and the remaining families
4-3

representing less than 1.0% of individuals combined (Table 4-2). Pollution tolerant species,
mostly redbreast sunfish, represented 18.1% of MSS and 24.2% of REF individuals during
spring 2004 — 2008, similar to spring 2000 — 2003 (MSS -15.4%, REF -17.0%). Spring
electrofishing survey data varied among years, similar to other Catawba River reservoirs
(Duke Power 2004b, 2004c).
Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys
Hydroacoustic estimates from 2004 — 2008 showed no temporal trend in annual forage fish
populations, ranging from 47.1 to 106.4 million (Figure 4-10). Purse seine surveys from
2004 — 2008 indicate that threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense continue to dominate the Lake
Norman forage fish community, comprising 86.6 to 98.3% of fish collected (Table 4-3).
Alewife 41osa pseudoharengus, first detected in low numbers in 1999 (Duke Power 2000),
have comprised as much as 25.0% (2002) of mid-September pelagic forage fish surveys, but
numbers have remained relatively low since 2005 (range = 1.7 — 5.1%). The modal threadfin
shad TL class increased after alewife introduction, but has declined and been consistent in
recent years.
CONCLUSIONS
A diverse fish community was present in the littoral portions of Lake Norman around MSS
from 2004 — 2008; summer electrofishing surveys documented 20 species (and two
centrarchid hybrid combinations). The surveys were numerically dominated by centrarchids
and cyprinids, with clupeids also being of numerical importance. Spring electrofishing
documented 30 species (and two centrarchid hybrid combinations), dominated by
centrarchids and cyprinids. Pollution tolerant species, mostly redbreast sunfish, comprised
18.1% of MSS species and 24.2% of REF species. The assorted fish species typically found
in Lake Norman near MSS encompass multiple trophic guilds (i.e., insectivores, omnivores,
and piscivores) supporting a balanced fish community.
Forage fish population estimates, as measured by hydroacoustics, were variable and ranged
from 47.1 to 106.4 million from 2004 — 2008. The estimate range is comparable to those
measured previously at Lake Norman with 2008 having the highest estimate since 1997.
Purse seine sampling of forage fish indicated a consistent alewife composition of
4-4

approximately 5% after 2004. The introduction of alewife and inherent, temporal
fluctuations in clupeid densities contribute to the variable nature of forage fish populations.
Past studies have indicated that a balanced indigenous fish community exists near MSS
(Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999, 2004a). The present study adds more years
of comparable data, reinforcing that conclusion. Based on the diversity and numbers of
individuals in the Lake Norman littoral fish community during spring and summer, the range
of trophic groups represented, and the regular availability of forage fish to limnetic predators,
it is concluded that the operation of MSS has not impaired the Lake Norman fish community.
4-5

Table 4-1. Number of individuals, percent composition, and number of species in summer
electrofishing surveys from five locations (A - E) in Lake Norman, 1991 - 1993,
1994 -1999, 2000 - 2003, and 2004 - 2008.
4-6
Sumner 1991 -1993°
Sumter 1994. 19W
Sumner 2000 - 2003
Sumner 2004 - 2008
Scientific Nene
Comron Nam
W.
%
W.
%
W.
%
W.
%
Lepiscsteidee
Lepisosteus osseus
Longnose gar
11
0.26%
3
0.09°/6
Clupeidee
Al-pseudoharengus
Alewife
5
0.16%
Dorosoma cepecff-
Gizzard shad
11
0.72%
38
0.91%
4
0.19%
6
0.19%
Dorosome pefenense
Threadfin shad
5
0.33%
355
8.540A
60
1.88%
Cyprinldae
Carossius auratus
Goldfish
1
0.03%
Cymnella chtwistia
GreeMin shiner
15
0.98%
54
1.30%
28
1.32%
53
1.66%
Cyc inella nivea
Whdefbr shiner
170
11.10%
469
11.280%
257
1209%
58
1.82%
Cypdnus carpi.
Comnen carp
53
3.46%
94
226%
11
0.52%
3
0.09%
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Golden shiner
5
0.12%
Notropfs hudsonius
Spotted shiner
29
0.70%
157
7.395/6
100
3.14%
Nob -pis Procne
Swellowtailshiner
calostomidae
Carpfodes cyprinus
Quillback
5
0.12%
Moxosfoma macrolepidotum Shorthand redhome
7
0.33%
5
0.16%
Moxostoma sp.
Brassy jurnprock
6
0.14%
letalurldae
Ictalur" punctatus
Channel catfish
11
0.72%
10
0.24%
4
0.19%
7
0.220%
pyfodfcfis olivaris
Flathead catfish
16
0.38%
2
0.09%
3
0.09%
Poeclllidee
Gambusiaholbrooki
Eastern rmsqudofsh
5
0.33%
Moronidae
Moron americana
White parch
8
0.38%
Moron Chrysops
White bass
5
0.12%
Conlrarchidee
-� Lepomfs ad-
Radbreasl sunfish
119
7.77%
261
6.28%
317
14.92%
272
8.53%
Lep.W. cyanllua
Green sunfish
5
0.33%
1
0.05%
58
1.82%
Leponris gibbosus
HUmpinlnseed
5
0.33%
Lepomis gulosus
Warnouth
26
1.70%
91
2.19%
42
1.98%
74
2.32%
Lepomis hybrid
Hybrid sunfish
5
0.33%
99
2.38%
58
2.73%
53
1.66%
Up-rnacnochfrus
Bluegid
926
60.44%
1,829
43.98%
900
42.35%
1,957
61.41%
Leponds mfcrolophus
Rod- sunfish
5
0.33%
71
1.71%
78
3.67%
65
2040%
Mbropferus purafulatus
Spotted bass
86
270%
Micropterus salmoides
Largenouth bass
133
8.68%
422
10.15%
240
11.29%
313
9.8204
Micropterus hybrid
Hybrid black bass
2
0.06%
Pomoxts nigromaculatus
Black crappie
6
0.14%
1
0.05%
Percidse
Etheostoma olmstedi
Tessellated darter
20
1.31%
26
0.63%
Pence flavescens
Yellow perch
18
1.17%
257
6.18%
10
0.47%
3-20
Total No. Individuals
1,532
100.00°/6
4,159
100.00%
2,125
100.00%
3,187
100.ODb/6
Total No. Species
16
21
17
20
• locations B and Ewere
not.."pled in 1992, location B was rat sarnpled in 1993
b location B w as not sanpled in 1994, bcatons A and B were
not sanplad in 1995
4-6

Table 4-2 Number of individuals, percent composition, and number of species in spring
electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 -
1997 and 1999, 2000 - 2003, and 2004 - 2008.
Total No. Ind'rviduala 8,599 100.00% 8,970 100.00% 8,878 100.00% 7,390 100.00% 8,386 100.00% 9,631 100.00%
Total No. Species 24 21 28 27 28 25
4-7
Spfing 1983 - 1997, 1966
Spring 2000.2003
Spring 2004 - 2008
MSS
REF
NSS
REF
MSS
Rff
Scientific Name
Common Name
No.
%
hl .
%
No.
%
W.
%
N .
%
No.
%
Lopieoslridaa
2
0.03%
1
0.01%
1
0.01%
1
0.01%
Lepisosteus osseus
Longnose gar
Clupsidae
Ala. Be
45
0.51%
57
0.77%
1
0.01%
51
0.53%
Alava pseudchareagus
81
0.94%
50
0.72%
30
0.34%
94
1.27%
27
0.
38
0.38%
Dorosoma cepedianum
Gizzard shad
1,515
21.72%
840
9.46%
58
0.78%
127
7.551%1%
523
5.43%
D..- Peter-.
Threadfi shad
944
10.98%
Salm onidae
Oncorhynchw mykiss
Rainbow trout
2
0.02%
1
0.01%
Cyprinidae
Greenfin
22
0.26%
12
0.17%
50
0.56%
153
207%
43
0.51%
38
0.30%
Cyprinelle chlorisge
Cyprinella nima
shiner
Whitsfin shiner
734
8.54%
SBe
8.40%
1,257
14.16%
1,470
19.89%
228
2.72%
353
3.87%
Cyprinus carpio
Comron carp
157
1.83%
168
2.41%
190
2.14%
51
0.68%
58
0.69%
48
0.50%
Hybognothus regius
Eastern silvery rainnow
2
0.02%
Nocomis leplocephalus
6tuehead chub
1
0.01%
0.01%
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Golden shiner
8
0.09%
5
0.07%
4
0.05%
2
0.03%
7
0.08%
1
Natropis hudsonius
Spatial shiner
414
4.81%
67
0.98%
472
5.32%
561
7.59%
240
288%
184
1.91%
Notropis procne
S.alowtalshiner
1
0.01%
1
0.01%
R'mephalespromelas
Fathead nin-
1
0.01%
Catoatcuinl
5
0.06%
0
0.09%
3
0.03%
3
0.04%
2
0.02%
4
0.04%
Carpiades cyprinus
Guilback
4
0.05%
4
0.05%
Moxwtoma macrolepidotum
Shorthead redhorse
2
0.02%
Ictaluridae
1
0.01%
Ictalurus catus
While catfish
2
0.02%
a0.11%
1
0.01%
Ictalurus furcatus
Blue catfish
Channel
22
0.26%
14
0.20%
37
0.42%
40
0.54%
16
0.19%
24
0.25%
Ictalurus punctatus
Pyfodictis olivaris
cadish
Flathead catfish
7
D.08%
4
0.06%
14
0.16%
6
0.08%
9
0.11%
14
0.15%
Moronic! a
Marone americana
While perch
8
0.09%
103
1.16%
4
0.05%
8
0.10%
17
0.18%
Me, -Chrysops
White bass
6
0.07%
4
0.06%
2
0.02%
3
0.04%
Marone sexatilis
Striped bass
6
0.07%
3
0.03%
2
0.03%
1
0.01%
1
0.01%
Cantrarchidae
Lepomis surirus
Pedbreast sunfish
1,398
16.26%
1,017
14.58%
957
10.78%
1,004
13.59%
1,110
13.24%
1.925
19.99%
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish
129
1.64%
12
0.72%
Lepomis gibbosus
PuMidnseed
4
150
0.05%
1.69%
118
1.60%
111
1.32%
225
234%
Lepomis gulwus
Warmouth
63
219
0.73%
255%
95
207
1.36%
2.97%
213
240%
197
267%
340
4.05%
380
3.74%
Lepomis hybrid
'
Hybrid sunfish
SluegiL
2,731
31.76%
1.939
27.80%
3,418
38.51%
2.622
35.48%
4,600
54.85%
4,735
49.16%
Lepomis macrochims
Red
111
1.29%
174
2.49%
468
5.27%
477
6.45%
558
6.67%
558
5.79%
Lepomis microlophus
-sunfish
15
0.17%
12
0.16%
304
3.63%
188
2.06%
Micropterus punctuletus
Spotted bass
Largemouth bass
1,349
15.69%
911
13.06%
573
6.46%
420
5.68%
408
4.87%
270
2.80%
Micropterus Seim oides
19
0.23%
11
0.11%
Micropterus hybrid
Hybrid black bass
Pomoxis annularis
White crappie
3
0.03%
1
0.01%
19
0.26%
19
0.23%
22
0.23%
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Blackcrappie
51
0.59%
118
1.69%
Perot as
Ethecare- fusihxme
Swamp darter
1
0.01%
,
Ethewtoma ofMstadi
Tessellated darter
1
0.01%
1
0.01%
1
0.07%
3
0.04%
3
0.04%
4
0.04%
Pace Bamscens
Velow perch
256
2.98%
80
1.15%
17
0.19%
3
0.04%
8
0.10%
13
0.13%
Total No. Ind'rviduala 8,599 100.00% 8,970 100.00% 8,878 100.00% 7,390 100.00% 8,386 100.00% 9,631 100.00%
Total No. Species 24 21 28 27 28 25
4-7

Table 4-3. Forage fish species composition and modal threadfm shad total length (TL) class
in purse seine surveys in Lake Norman, 1993 - 2008.
4-8
Species Composition
Modal threadfin shad
Year
No.
Threadfin shad
Gizzard shad
Alewife
TL class (mm)
1993
13,063
100.00%
31-35
1994
1,619
99.94%
0.06%
36-40
1995
4,389
99.95%
0.05%
31-35
1996
4,465
100.00%
41-45
1997
6,711
99.99%
0.01%
41-45
1998
5,723
99.95%
0.05%
41-45
1999
5,404
99.26%
0.26%
0.48%
36-40
2000
4,265
87.40%
0.22%
12.37%
51-55
2001
9,652
76.47%
0.01%
23.52%
56-60
2002
10,134
74.96%
25.04%
41-45
2003
33,660
82.59%
0.14%
17.27%
46-50
2004
21,158
86.55%
0.24%
13.20%
51-55
2005
23,147
98.10%
1.90%
36-45
2006
14,823
94.87%
5.13%
41-45
2007
27,169
98.34%
1.66%
41-45
2008
47,586
95.58%
4.42%
4.1-45
4-8

n—
.1. -.1. c
Nuclear
Station
one 2
Figure 4-1. Sampling locations and zones associated with fishery assessments in Lake
Norman.
4-9

400
350
E 300
0 250
N
Z 200
:w 150
a
U 100
50
0
12
10 -n
8
m
n
fD
6 !
z
0
4 ^�
0
O
2 `-
C
M
p� O O O M O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r r r r r r N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-2. CPLE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location A in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008.
400
350
300
0 250
N
Z 200
Uj 150
a-
()
v 100
50
0
12
10 -n
Cn
8 a
CD
n
cD
6 !
Z
0
4 N
O
0
2 `-
A
In CO I� 00 O O r N M to O 0 00
O O O O O O O O O O 0 O O O O O
M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r r r r r r N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-3. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location B in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008.
4-10

400
350
300
0 250
N
0 200
� 150
a
U 100
50
0
12
10 -n
N
S
Cn
8 0
co
0
Co
6
Z
0
4 ^�
0
0
3
2
0
d In CO I� W M O r- N M 0 0 t0 0 a0
M O O O O O O O O O
Year
Figure 4-4. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location C in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008.
400
350
300
0 250
N
z 200
U' 150
n.
v 100
50
0
12
10 -n
0
8
co
0
co'
6 0
z
0
4 N
0
O
C
3
d tf) CO f� 00 M O CD N M Ct o0
M M M M M M O O O O O 0 O 0 O 0 O O
� M M M M M N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-5. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location D in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008.
4-11

400
350
300
0 250
N
z 200
:w 150
U 100
50
0
IM
10 -n
8 Cn
-0
fD
6 w
z
0
4 N
0
0
2 '�
;7
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Year
Figure 4-6. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location E in Lake Norman, 1994 — 2008.
els
3000
2500
E
00 2000
C
CO
z 1500
L
Ll.
1000
500
CO I -T to (O f- O ON M VV) O r- O
M O O O O 0) O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O m O OO O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-7. Number of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 —1997, 1999 — 2008.
4-12

200
180
160
140
E 120
0
0
O
aS 100
N 80
LL
60
40
20
0
CO V' LD to ti O ON M IT to w r. -O
0') O O
Q, p, pO O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-8. Biomass of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 — 1997, 1999 — 2008.
25
OW:
E
O
0
X15
0
Z
(a
)
ca.)) 10
0.
U)
c
U)
LL
C
M d' LO CO r- O O N M It to W L- M
CD 0D O O O W O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-9. Number of fish species collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas
(MSS and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 — 1997, 1999 — 2008.
4-13

120
100
80
N
C
O
E 60
6
Z
40
20
-Zone 1 —Zone 2
-+-Zone 3 —Zone 4
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Figure 4-10. Zonal and lake -wide population estimates of pelagic forage fish in Lake
Norman, 1997 — 2008.
4-14

LITERATURE CITED
Brandt, SB. 1996. Acoustic assessment of fish abundance and distribution. Pages 385-432
in BR Murphy and DW Willis, editors. Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries
Society, Bethesda, MD.
Brinkhurst, RO. 1974. The Benthos of Lakes. The MacMillan Press, London. 190 pp.
Duke Power Company. 1994. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake
Norman near Marshall Steam Station. Duke Power Company, Charlotte, NC.
Duke Power. 1999. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake Norman
near Marshall Steam Station. Duke Power, Charlotte, NC.
Duke Power. 2000. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 1999 summary. Duke
Energy Corporation. Charlotte, NC.
Duke Power. 2004a. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake Norman
near Marshall Steam Station. Duke Power, Charlotte, NC.
Duke Power. 2004b. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Mountain
Island Lake near Riverbend Steam Station. Duke Power, Charlotte, NC.
Duke Power. 2004c. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake Wylie
near Plant Allen. Duke Power, Charlotte, NC.
Duke Power. 2005. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2004 Summary.
Duke Energy. 2006. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2005 Summary.
Duke Energy. 2007. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2006 Summary.
Duke Energy. 2008. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2007 Summary.
Hayes, DB, CP Ferrier, and WW Taylor. 1996. Active fish capture methods. Pages 193-220
in BR Murphy and DW Willis, editors. Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries
Society, Bethesda, MD.
Mecklenburg County Department of Environmental Protection (MCDEP). 2003.. Lake
monitoring data summary for 2001-2002. Charlotte, NC
MCDEP. 2007. Lake monitoring report for 2007. Charlotte, NC.
Milligan, MR. 1997. Identification manual for the Oligochaeta of Florida. Vol. 1. 187 pp.
L-1

North Carolina Department of Environment, and Natural Resources (NCDENR). 2003.
Basinwide assessment report; Catawba River Basin. North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality. 203pp.
NCDENR. 2006. Standard operating procedure. Biological monitoring: stream fish
community assessment program. NCDENR, Division of Water Quality, Water
Quality Section. Raleigh, NC.
NCDENR. 2008. Lake and reservoir assessments; Catawba River Basin. North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality.
Environmental Sciences Section. 21pp
L-2

APPENDIX TABLES
Appendix Table A-1. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 6, 2004,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A — E) near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Scientific Name
Locations
A B C D E Total
Common Name No. No. No. No. No. No. %
Clupeidae
Alosa pseudoharengus
Alewife
5
5
0.8%
Dorosoma petenense
Threadfin shad
59
1
60
9.6%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella chloristia
Greenfin shiner
2
2
0.3%
Cyprinella nivea
Whitefin shiner
2
2
18
22
3.5%
Cyprinus carpio
Corrrron carp
1
1
2
0.3%
Catostom idae
Moxostoma macrolepidotum
Shorthead redhorse
1
1
0.2%
Ictaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish
1
1
1
3
0.5%
Pylodictis olivaris
Flathead catfish
1
1
0.2%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus
Redbreast sunfish
9
2
9
1
46
67
10.7%
Lepomis gulosus
Warmouth
1
1
6
4
12
1.9%
Lepomis hybrid
Hybrid sunfish
5
1
3
9
1.4%
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill
11
58
174
5
105
353
56.6%
Lepomis microlophus
Redear sunfish
3
2
5
10
1.6%
Micropterus salmoides
Largemouth bass
9
56
1
8
74
11.9%
Percidae
Perca flavescens
Yellow perch
3
3
0.5%
Total No. Individuals
84
80
255
14
191
624
100.0%
Total No. Species
7
8
6
7
8
14
Water Temperature (° C)
29.3
29.3
27.4
28.8
28.8
Dissolved Oxygen (mglL)
7.4
6.3
1.9
6.9
7.4
A-1

Appendix Table A-2. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 20, 2005,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A — E) near MSS in Lake
Norman.
A-2
Locations
A
B
C
D
E
Total
Scientific Name
Cormnn Name
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
%
Cyprinidae
Carassius auratus
Goldfish
1
1
0.2%
Cyprinella chloristia
Greenfin shiner
15
1
16
3.5%
Cyprinella nivea
Whitefin shiner
1
4
1
6
1.3%
Notropis hudsonius
Spottail shiner
2
2
0.4%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus
Redbreast sunfish
10
1
7
23
41
8.9%
Lepomis gulosus
Warmouth
4
7
3
14
3.0%
Lepomis hybrid
Hybrid sunfish
1
2
3
5
11
2.4%
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill
32
65
85
2
85
269
58.5%
Lepomis microlophus
Redear sunfish
5
6
8
10
29
6.3%
Micropterus punctulatus
Spotted bass
2
2
0.4%
Micropterus salmoides
Largemouth bass
6
6
45
2
10
69
15.0%
Total No. Individuals
72
84
155
12
137
460
100.0%
Total No. Species
7
5
7
4
6
10
Water Temperature (*C)
31.1
31.0
33.3
30.5
29.7
Dissolved Oxygen (mglL)
8.2
3.7
1.7
6.0
7.9
A-2

Appendix Table A-3. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 3, 2006,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A — E) near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A B C D E Total
Scientific Name Common Name No. No. No. No. No. No. %
Le pisoste idae
Lepisosteus osseus
Longnose gar
1
1
0.1%
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum
Gizzard shad
2
2
0.3%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella nivea
Whitefin shiner
3
4
7
0.9%
Catostom idae
Moxostoma macrolepidotum
Shorthead redhorse
3
1
4
0.5%
Ictaluridae
ktalurus punctatus
Channel catfish
1
2
3
0.4%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus
Redbreast sunfish
20
1
18
6
51
96
12.9%
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish
5
6
1
12
1.6%
Lepomis gulosus
Warmouth
3
26
29
3.9%
Lepomis hybrid
Hybrid sunfish
2
4
7
13
1.7%
r--,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill
40
96
196
112
98
542
72.7%
Lepomis microlophus
Redear sunfish
1
5
1
2
4
13
1.7%
Micropterus punctulatus
Spotted bass
2
3
5
0.7%
Micropterus salmoides
Largemouth bass
3
3
12
18
2.4%
Micropterus hybrid
Hybrid black bass
1
1
0.1%
Total No. Individuals
75
105
233
130
203
746
100.0%
Total No. Species
8
4
8
6
7
12
Water Temperature (° C)
29.5
31.3
32.7
29.8
30.1
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
8.4
3.7
1.9
7.6
8.5
A-3

J
�— Appendix Table A-4. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 10, 2007,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A — E) near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A B C D E
Total
Scientific Name
Common Name
No.
W.
No.
W.
No.
No.
%
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum
Gizzard shad
1
1
0.2%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella chloristia
Greenfin shiner
10
4
14
3.1%
Cyprinella nivea
Whitefin shiner
3
3
6
1.3%
Ictaluridae
Pylodictis olivaris
Flathead catfish
2
2
0.4%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus
Redbreast sunfish
20
2
4
9
35
7.6%
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish
17
1
7
25
5.4%
Lepomis gulosus
Warmouth
2
1
3
0.7%
Lepomis hybrid
Hybrid sunfish
3
1
1
4
9
2.0%
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill
16
56
167
8
52
299
65.1%
Lepomis microlophus
Redear sunfish
1
1
2
0.4%
— Micropterus punctulatus
Spotted bass
5
1
1
7
1.5%
1 Micropterus salmoides
Largemouth bass
4
9
34
1
7
55
12.0%
Micropterus hybrid
Hybrid black bass
1
1
0.2%
Total No. Individuals
82
70
217
10
80
459
100.0%
Total No. Species
10
6
6
2
6
11
Water Temperature ('C)
31.7
30.0
24.7
292
28.4
Dissolved Oxygen (mg1L)
8.4
2.8
1.3
6.8
7.8
A-4

Appendix Table A-5. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 9, 2008,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A — E) near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A B C D E Total
Scientific Name Common Name No. No. No. No. No. No. %
Le pisoste idae
Lepisosteus osseus
Longnose gar
2
2
0.2%
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum
Gizzard shad
3
3
0.3%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella chloristia
Greenfin shiner
14
7
21
2.3%
Cyprinella nivea
Whitefin shiner
2
5
10
17
1.9%
Cyprinus carpio
Common carp
1
1
0.1%
Notropis hudsonius
Spottail shiner
94
4
98
10.9%
Ictaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish
1
1
0.1%
Pylodictis olivaris
Flathead catfish
Ce ntrarchidae
Lepomis auritus
Redbreast sunfish
15
3
15
33
3.7%
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish
7
5
5
3
1
21
2.3%
Lepomis gulosus
Warmouth
2
4
7
3
16
1.8%
Lepomis hybrid
Hybrid sunfish
1
3
2
5
11
1.2%
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill
19
122
124
31
198
494
55.0%
Lepomis microlophus
Redear sunfish
7
2
2
11
1.2%
Micropterus punctulatus
Spotted bass
18
24
1
19
10
72
8.0%
Micropterus salmoides
Largemouth bass
11
12
53
13
8
97
10.8%
Total No. Individuals
74
179
195
186
264
898
100.0%
Total No. Species
7
8
6
9
11
14
Water Temperature (° C)
28.8
30.9
33.6
28.3
27.6
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
7.7
2.6
1.2
6.3
7.1