NCS000247_Draft SWMP_20221209

City of Winston-Salem
Field Operations Department
Stormwater &Erosion Control Divisions
Permit Number: NCS000247
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Permit Year 2022-2023
v ip r i s i i) i i-.s4- i Ir i i
SlormT%NT
1h, I I, si I I I I
December 2022

Table of Contents
SECTION 1:
Stormwater Management Program Overview...........................................3
SECTION 2:
Storm Sewer System Information..........................................................6
SECTION 3:
Receiving Streams...........................................................................8
SECTION 4:
Existing Water Quality Programs.........................................................10
SECTION 5:
Permitting Information..................................................................................11
SECTION 6:
Co -Permitting Information.................................................................13
SECTION 7:
Reliance on other Governmental Entities ....................................................
13
SECTION 8:
Public Education and Outreach............................................................13
SECTION 9:
Public Involvement and Participation....................................................17
SECTION 10:
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination.............................................21
SECTION 11:
Construction Site Runoff Controls.......................................................
26
SECTION 12:
Post -Construction Site Runoff Controls..................................................31
SECTION 13: Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations..........38
SECTION 14: Monitor and Evaluate Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems...............45
SECTION 15: Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring..............................................48
SECTION 16: Total Maximum Daily Loads..............................................................51
Appendix A - Organizational Chart of Staff Responsible for MS4 NPDES Permit Compliance

1. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
PRELUDE
This Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) serves as a legal binding, guiding document for the City of
Winston-Salem's Stormwater Division to maintain permit compliance of divisional operations. By evaluating
the prior year's Stormwater Annual Report (SAR), in conjunction with a programmatic gap analysis, Stormwater
staff will create and/or maintain measurable goals to enhance anticipated water quality improvements. The
SWMP will be modified by the Assistant Stormwater Director or Stormwater Operations Analyst on an annual
basis. The Stormwater Division has decided to update this SWMP during the month of October to coincide with
the beginning of the new permit year. Once this document has been approved by the City of Winston Salem's
Field Operations Director, the Plan will be submitted to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) for final approval. After approval has been issued by NCDEQ to the Stormwater Division, the action
items of this Plan will be implemented by the responsible Stormwater staff member.
MISSION STATEMENT
The mission of Stormwater Management is to restore, protect, and preserve the surface waters within the City of
Winston-Salem and to maintain, repair, map, and evaluate drainage systems within the street right-of-ways.
PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS
Stormwater Monitoring and Administration: Manages the day-to-day operations of the Stormwater
Management Program. Implements the requirements of the City's Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
(MS4) permit. Performs watershed master planning by developing maps and inventories of the entire drainage
system within the City. Monitors stormwater run-off as part of the program's efforts to improve water quality.
Provides educational programming to increase public awareness of water quality issues.
Drainage Maintenance: Repairs, replaces, and upgrades the City's drainage system within street right-of-ways.
Provides for drainage system repairs on private property through the 70/30 program in which the City covers
70% of the cost for qualified projects. Removes debris from culverts and bridge abutments with many streams
and creeks.
Erosion Control: Provides for the enforcement of regulations pertaining to land -disturbing activity, watershed,
and floodplain requirements by reviewing development plans and issuing grading permits for all commercial
and multi -family sites over 10,000 square feet in all areas of Forsyth County, excluding Kernersville. Monitors
single family construction sites to ensure that sediment is controlled. Identifies tree save and potential critical
areas, controls sedimentation, and limits the time of exposure on all applicable construction sites through plan
review and field inspection. Maintains up-to-date floodway district maps to enforce floodway and floodway
fringe regulations contained in the Unified Development Ordinance. Reviews survey and plan information and
conducts field inspections to ensure that permitted structures comply with floodplain regulations. Enforces
watershed regulations for density and impervious coverage on developed properties.
Street Sweeping: Regenerative street sweepers are used year -around to remove litter, debris, and sediment from
roads. Sweeping protects water quality by preventing materials from entering the storm drains. All debris swept
is disposed of in the sanitary landfill.

EXPENDITURES and REVENUES SUMMARY
EXPENDITURES BY PROGRAM
Actual
Budget
Adopted
Percent
Monitoring and Administration
FY 20-21
FY 21-22
FY 22-23
Change
Administration
$3,146,285
$3,623,550
$3,700,580
2.1%
Water Quality Monitoring
777,780
1,439,880
1,445,690
0.4%
Support for Seasonal Leaf Collection
1,794,141
1,914,970
2,343,430
22.4%
Subtotal
$5,718,206
$6,978,400
$7,489,700
7.3%
-0.3%
Drainage Maintenance
$2,432,905
$3,340,960
$3,330,040
Erosion Control
390,882
386,680
414,280
7.1%
Street Sweeping
298,261
402,250
270,330
-32.8%
Total Expenditures by Program
$8,840,254
$11,108,290
$11,504,350
3.6%
RESOURCES BY TYPE
Actual
Budget
Adopted
Percent
Stormwater Fees:
FY 20-21
FY 21-22
FY 22-23
Change
Residential
$4,338,755
$4,250,000
$4,250,000
0%
Non -Residential
6,383,720
5,950,000
5,950,000
0%
Replacement Fee
45,762
40,810
50,000
22.5%
Miscellaneous Revenues
10,120
3,000
3,000
0%
Contributions
12,910
0
15,000
100.0%
Interest Income
3,785,594
0
0
N/A
Interfund Charges
54,885
0
0
N/A
Forsyth County
16,323
115,720
170,600
47.4%
Erosion Control Revenues
260,230
173,430
173,600
0.1%
Fund Balance Appropriation
0
575,330
892,150
55.0%
Total Resources by Type
$14,908,299
$11,108,290
$11,504,350
3.6%
Addition to Fund Balance
$6,068,045
$0
$0
N/A
POSITION SUMMARY
Amended Amended
POSITIONS FY 20-21 FY 21-22
Full -Time 56 56
Adopted
FY 22-23
56
Change
0

PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND SERVICE TRENDS
Actual FY Estimated Projected
Effectiveness
Respond to 100% of illicit discharge complaints by citizens within 24
100%
100%
100%
ours
Complete 100% of compliance schedules for water quality resolutions
100%
100%
100%
within 30 days
Complete 100% of plan reviews within 10 days of receipt
100%
100%
100%
Provide 30 federally required educational programs a year
50
0*
50
Ensure 100% of stormwater devices are built in accordance with
100%
100%
100%
approved plans
Complete 90% of erosion control initial reviews within 10 days for
100%
100%
100%
development projects
Keep 80% of active development sites in compliance (when inspected)
100%
100%
100%
Long Range Financial Outlook
- The following chart provides a projection of the Stormwater Management fund balance. This outlook includes
certain capital project expenditures, assuming all future projects are pay-as-you-go, but only includes capital
project funding levels within the current debt coverage model. Staff will provide an update on Stormwater
long-term funding needs and review potential rate increase models in FY 2022-23.
$35.0
$30.0
$25.0
$20.0
$15.0
$10.0
$25.2
FY 19-20
Actual
5tormwater Management Fund Balance
$28.7
$28.4
FY 20-21 FY 21-22 FY 22-23
Actual Estimated Projected
$22.7 $22.5
FY 23-24 IFY 24-25
Projected Projected

BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS
FY 2021 - 2022 Year -End Outlook
- Lease payments have been added for the replacement of one hydraulic excavator ($54,600), one flatbed
truck ($18,720), and one crew cab truck ($9,000) for Drainage. Payments have also been added for one
Quickview camera ($4,340) and one crew cab truck ($9,000) for Water Quality Monitoring, as well as
one crew cab truck ($9,000) for Erosion Control.
- The Support for Seasonal Leaf Collection increased 22.4% due to vehicle replacement lease payments in
the Curbside Collection Division of the City's Sanitation Department. This is a transfer from the
Stormwater Fund to the General Fund and helps support the City's annual leaf collection program.
FY 2021-2022 Year End Outlook
- The following table provides estimated year-end revenues and expenditures for Stormwater Management
operations. Capital project revenues and expenditures are not included.
Budgeted
Estimated
FY 21-22
FY 21-22
Operating Revenues
$11,108,290
$11,390,605
Operating Expenditures
(11,108,290)
(9,425,064)
Operating Income
$0
$1,965,541
Debt and Lease Expense
(1,313,208)
(1,564,994)
Transfer to General Fund
(1,924,170)
(1,852,965)
Transfer to Solid Waste
(185,980)
(160,096)
Transfer to Water/Sewer
(120,720)
(123,738)
Net Income/ (Loss)
($575.330)
(�1.736.2521

2. STORM SEWER SYSTEM INFORMATION
2.1 Population Served:
Winston-Salem is in the northwestern area of the Piedmont Region of North Carolina.
Situated in Forsyth County, Winston-Salem is the fifth largest city in North Carolina and
has an estimated population of 250,320 citizens (based on data from the U.S. Census
Bureau, as of July 1, 2021).
2.2 Growth Rate:
The City of Winston-Salem increased its population size by 0.4 percent from April 1,
2020, to July 1, 2021, while the State of North Carolina grew at the rate of 1.1 percent
during the same period.
2.3 Jurisdictional and MS4 Service Areas:
The City of Winston-Salem does not have any ETJ areas, currently. The square mile area
for the City is 132.45.
2.3a Latitude of Center of MS4 Area: 36 degrees 06' 9.95" N
Longitude of Center of MS4 Area: 80 degrees 15' 37.77" W
2.3b Storm Sewer Service Area (square miles): 132.45
2.4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4):
The City of Winston-Salem is authorized to discharge stormwater from its municipal
separate storm sewer system (MS4) into the waters of the State of North Carolina. A
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is the legal mechanism
that allows the City of Winston-Salem to discharge stormwater runoff into streams. All
six minimum measures, which govern the City of Winston-Salem's Stormwater Program,
are contained within this permit.
The City of Winston-Salem is delineated into 17 different sub -watersheds that drain the
City and its surrounding area. The streams, within these sub -watersheds, flow in a
southwesterly direction into Lower Muddy Creek; the original fifteen watersheds had
stormwater masterplans developed for staff by a consultant. Current objectives of
masterplan efforts include providing a comprehensive update of the existing storm sewer
inventory (contained within public, private, and industrial properties), identify existing
and future areas of flooding based on existing and future development patterns, and assess
the impacts of stormwater discharges on the quality of Winston-Salem's streams.
Information obtained from those plans show that Winston-Salem has approximately 538
miles of stormwater conveyance piping and 39,818 infrastructure devices, which includes
catch basins and manholes. Based on the city's current GIS layer, there are approximately
547 miles of perennial and intermittent streams within the municipal boundaries of
Winston-Salem.
2.4a MS4 maintenance activities:
Cave-in reports are responded to within 24 hours of first knowledge of occurrence with
simple repairs being completed within 72 hours. Maintenance activities include the
following services of catch basin inspection and cleaning, pipe repair, replacement and
upgrade projects, ditching (performed by hired contractors or in-house crews), and street
sweeping activities are performed by in-house services.
7

2.5 Land Use Composition Estimates:
The land use estimates below are from the City of Winston-Salem Planning Department
(source: The Legacy, 2030, Table 4-1)
Land Use Classification
Residential
43.14 %
Commercial
2.81 %
Industrial
3.32 %
Parks/Open Space
2.09 %
Institutional
2.94 %
Right -of -Way
8.15 %
Office/Office Commercial
0.46 %
Agricultural
15.71 %
Vacant
20.97%
Utility
0.41 %
TOTAL
100.0%
2.6 Estimate Methodology:
Classifications are based on zoning districts with the corresponding acreage versus the
total acreage of the City of Winston-Salem. For this assessment, schools have been
calculated as institutional purposes and parks are listed separately (typically included in
the residential classification).
2.7 TMDL Identification:
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) has detected
standard violations of turbidity and chlorophyll a at High Rock Lake, which is 25 miles
south of Winston-Salem. A TMDL is currently being developed for wastewater point
sources within the High Rock Lake Watershed, which indirectly receives stormwater
discharges from the City's MS4. The main contributing river to High Rock Lake is the
Yadkin River, in which Muddy Creek discharges into near the Forsyth -Davidson County
border.
NCDEQ determined that the Salem Creek Watershed is biologically impaired due to
excessive fecal coliform concentrations. As a result, the Stormwater Division continues to
perform water sampling to determine pollutant origin sources of fecal coliform loading
into Salem Creek. The City of Winston-Salem revised its TMDL Sampling Plan in 2019,
which resulted in 22 water sampling sites being selected throughout Salem, Peters, and
Brushy Fork Watersheds. Stormwater staff will perform basic statistical analyses of
collected water quality samples; once a sufficient population of data points exists to
discern an observable trend, staff will report its findings to NCDEQ.
In November 2011, NCDEQ issued a final report for turbidity impairment of the Muddy
Creek Watershed. The Muddy Creek TMDL designates the City of Winston-Salem's
MS4 as a significant contributor of turbidity (i.e., total suspended solids) pollution. A
waste load allocation (WLA) was not assigned to the City's NPDES permit; however,
total suspended solids loading (ton per a day) must be reduced by 58 percent. In
accordance with its NPDES permit, the city must evaluate strategies and adapt BMPs to
reduce TSS loading within the Muddy Creek Watershed.

3. RECEIVING STREAMS
Major River Basin: Yadkin Pee -Dee
Name and Identification Number of the Primary Receiving Streams and Impoundments:
The following inventory receives stormwater runoff from the MS4 jurisdictional area. All
streams and impoundments are located within the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin.
Use Classifications:
WS-III: Water Supply Watershed
C: Aquatic Life Propagation and Biological Integrity and Secondary Recreation
Purposes
I: Impaired
S: Supporting
Table 3.1 Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin
Receiving Stream
Stream
Segment
Water Quality
Use Support
Rating
Water Quality
Issues
Name
Classification
Clinard Lake
12-94-7-7
C
S
Crystal Lake
12-94-7-6
C
S
Dalton Pond
12-94-7-1-1
C
S
Five Mile Branch
12-94-7-1
C
S
Grassy Creek
12-94-7-3
C
S
Jones Pond
12-94-7-1-2
C
S
Leak Fork
12-94-7-4
C
S
Little Creek
12-94-11
C
S
Mill Creek
12-94-7
C
S
Monarcas Creek
12-94-7-5
C
S
Muddy Creek
12-94-(0.5)
C
I
58 percent TSS reduction
through minimum measures
Ogburn Branch
12-94-7-2
C
S
Pineview Lake
12-94-7-1-3
C
S
9

Brushy Fork
12-94-12-6
C
S
A major tributary to Salem
Creek.
Brushy Fork
Branch
12-94-12-6-
1-1
C
S
Burke Creek
12-94-12-9
C
S
Fiddlers Creek
12-94-13-3
C
S
Fishers Branch
12-94-12-2-
2-(2)
WS-II1;C
S
Frazier Creek
12-94-12-6-
1
C
S
Hines Lake
12-94-13-2-
1
C
S
Kerners Mill Creek
12-94-12-2-
(0.3)
WS-III
S
Kerners Mill Creek
12-94-12-2-
(1.5)
WS-III; C
S
Leak Creek
12-94-13-7
C
S
Lowery Mill Creek
12-94-12-3-
(2)
WS-II1;C
S
Mallard Lake
12-91-1
WS-Iv
S
Myers Pond
12-94-12-5
C
S
Perryman Branch
12-94-13-5
C
S
Peters Creek
12-94-12-8
C
S
A major tributary to Salem
Creek.
Salem Creek
12-94-12-(1)
WS-II1;C
S
Salem Creek
12-94-12-(4)
C
I
TMDL approved for fecal
coliform reduction.
Sawmill Branch
12-94-13-2
C
S
Sides Branch
12-94-13-6
C
S
Soakas Creek
12-94-13-4
C
S
South Fork Muddy
Creek
12-94-13
C
S
Tar Branch
12-94-12-7
C
S
10

4. EXISTING WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS
Local Programs
Water Supply Watershed Protection — The Salem Lake Watershed Protection Ordinance is in place
to provide regulations, which protect drinking water quality in the Salem Lake Watershed. These
regulations meet or exceed the minimum regulations established by the North Carolina
Environmental Management Commission under the provisions of the Water Supply Watershed
Protection Act of 1989.
Floodway and Floodway Fringe Regulations — Winston-Salem has adopted floodway and floodway
fringe regulations to control alteration of natural drainage patterns, control development and to ensure
stream velocities are not significantly increased.
Erosion and Sediment Control — The City of Winston-Salem and Forsyth County is a locally -
delegated program that enforces the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973.
The Erosion Control Ordinance regulates certain land disturbing activities to control accelerated
erosion and sedimentation to prevent the pollution of water and other damage to lakes and
watercourses.
NPDES MS4 Phase I Permit — The City was issued a new stormwater permit that became effective
October 10, 2018. Program components include public education and outreach, public involvement
and participation, illicit discharge detection and elimination, construction site runoff controls, post -
construction site runoff controls, and pollution prevention and good housekeeping for municipal
operations.
Code Enforcement Section of the Neighborhood Services Division — Enforcement of the sanitation
code relating to weeded lots, shrubbery, solid waste in yards and curbside trash. It also includes
vector control in the storm drainage system, sanitary sewers (manholes), and along creek beds.
Other programs that support water quality within the City of Winston-Salem:
1. Emergency Spill Response by Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Emergency
Management Division
2. 3RC, a Household Hazardous Material Disposal Facility
3. Forsyth County Department of Health for failing septic tank systems
4. Forsyth Creek Week by City of Winston-Salem Stormwater/Erosion Control Division
5. Adopt -a -Street by Keep Winston-Salem Beautiful
6. Big Sweep of local streams by Stormwater/Erosion Control Division and Keep
Winston-Salem Beautiful
7. Recycle Today, the City of Winston Salem's household recycling program
8. Vegetative material composting by the City's Sanitation Division
State Programs
Stormwater NPDES Permit Compliance — Stormwater staff collaborates with DEQ,
WSRO regarding industrial inspections, illicit discharges, and releases (if needed),
water quality issues, and erosion control complaints for public projects.
II

5. PERMITTING INFORMATION
5.1 Responsible Party Contact List
Contact Information
Plan Component
Delegated Responsibilities
Aaron King
Assistant City Manager
Overall
336-747-7068
Administration
Delegated Signing Official for NPDES correspondence.
336-748-3060 (fax)
[e-mail]
Keith Huff
Field Operations Director
Administration of
* Overall implementation of Phase I permit and Council-
336-747-6962
Phase I Program
mandated program components
336-747-6917 (fax)
Components
* Supervises MS4 maintenance activities
[e-mail]
Andy Allen
* Supervises Erosion Control Section
Assistant Stormwater
Creation and
* Supervises Stormwater Field Operations
Director
Implementation of
* Stormwater Management Plan and Annual Report
336-747-6968
Water Quality Phase
336-747-6917 (fax)
I Permit Programs
creation
NPDES Program Evaluation Analyst
[e-mail]
Nancy `Andy' Szabat
* Website design and maintenance
Senior Community Educator
Public Education &
Distribute educational information
336-747-6960
Outreach
* Development of brochures, flyers
336-747-6917 (fax)
* Presentations
[e-mail]
Public Involvement
* Participate in community events
& Participation
Adopt -a -stream
Joe Fogarty
Stormwater Engineer
Post -Construction
* Post -construction SCM Plan Reviews
336-747-6961
Stormwater Site
* Annual Stormwater BMP inspections
336-747-6917 (fax)
Runoff Controls
j osephf@cityofws. org
Vacant
Preservation of
Stormwater Operations
Surface Waters &
* Responsible for the coordination and implementation of
Analyst
Capital Improvement
stormwater and environmental assessment projects
Projects
Todd Love
* Responsible for the oversight of all right-of-way
Sr. Civil Engineer
Capital Improvement
drainage improvement projects within the City's
336-734-1318
Projects for the MS4
boundaries
336-747-6917 (fax)
Stormwater CIP Creation & Implementation of water
[e-mail]
quality and infrastructure projects
Neil Uldrick
* Responds to citizens' drainage complaints and
Civil Engineer
facilitates 70/30 cost share projects on private property
336-747-6919
MS4 Drainage &
Designs and implements engineered solutions for
336-747-6917 (fax)
Infrastructure
private property drainage projects
[e-mail]
* CCTV inspection and assessment services of private
property drainage systems
12

Vacant
Pollution Prevention
* Pollution prevention inspections for municipal and
Stormwater Inspector
for Municipal
permitted industrial facilities
336-747-6965
Goodhousekeeping
*SPPP creation and implementation for municipal
336-747-6917 (fax)
& Industrial
operations and facilities
[e-mail]
Inspection Programs
* IDDE complaint investigations
Water quality stream sampling
IDDE
WQ Assessment and
* IDDE Investigative and Compliance Supervisor
Ladonta `Jamal' Clark
Monitoring Plan
* Stream-walking/Dry Weather Screening
Stormwater Operations
Municipal
* WQI/SSO Field Parameter screening
Supervisor
Goodhousekeeping
TMDL Implementation Plan
336-747-6964
* Supervises Stormwater Technicians
336-747-6917 (fax)
Industrial Inspection
* Supervises Stormwater Inspector
[e-mail]
Program
* Impervious surface area investigations
* Stormwater GIS Coordinator
TMDL
Im lementation Plan
Matthew Osborne
* Regulate certain land disturbing activities pursuant to
Erosion Control/Floodplain
the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act
Program Manager
Construction Site
of 1973.
336-747-7453
Stormwater Runoff
Floodplain Management and Ordinance Enforcement
336-727-2792 (fax)
Control
*Water Supply Watershed Protection Ordinance
[e-mail]
* FEMA mitigation projects for flood -prone structures
Supervisors the Erosion Control Inspectors
Michael Doub
Deputy Director
* Inspection and maintenance activities of the MS4 right -
City Yard, Field Operations
MS4 Maintenance
of -way conveyance system
336-734-1550
* CCTV inspection and assessment services of the MS4
336-727-8169 (fax)
right-of-way conveyance system
[e-mail]
Stevie Dulin
Sanitation Director
Street Sweeping
* Removal of leaf matter and debris from curb and gutter
336-747-7308
system
336-7273 (fax)
Seasonal Leaf
* Administers street sweeping operations of public streets
[e-mail]
Collection
and roads
5.2 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
The Stormwater Division's organizational chart is enclosed within Appendix A.
5.3 SIGNING OFFICIAL
The Winston-Salem City Council has authorized Mr. Aaron King, Assistant City Manager, as the
signing official and appropriate person to sign the permit application.
5.4 DULY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
The permit application responsibility is not being delegated to another individual and/or position
than the signing official.
13

6. CO -PERMITTING INFORMATION
Not applicable to the City of Winston-Salem. The City of Winston-Salem will not be co -permitting
with any other Phase I community.
7. RELIANCE ON OTHER GOVERNMENT ENTITY
The City of Winston-Salem will not rely on another government entity for permit compliance.
However, the City of Winston-Salem will pursue the collective sharing of resources and
knowledge with other Phase II communities, as the need arises.
8. PUBLIC EDUCATION and OUTREACH
Obiectives•
1. Distribute educational materials to the community.
2. Conduct public outreach activities.
3. Raise public awareness on the causes and impacts of stormwater pollution.
4. Inform the public on steps they can take to reduce or prevent stormwater pollution.
The following BMP tables represent a combination of on -going activities, as well as some innovative
pilot projects designed to achieve NPDES compliance. The Stormwater Public Education and
Outreach program has been in existence for several years and designed to inform citizens, business
owners, civic groups, and organizations about how they can make a difference to reduce stormwater
pollution.
8.1. BMP Summary Table
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
RESPONSIBLE
BMP
Measurable Goals
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
POSITION/PARTY
Use key resources to
Describe
evaluate and/or
target
confirm target
pollutants
pollutants. Based on
Senior Community
a
and target
results, the Senior
x
x
x
x
x
Educator
pollutant
Community Educator
sources
will adjust targeted
pollutants accordingly.
Based on targeted
pollutants, the Senior
Describe
Community Educator
Senior Community
b
target
will exercise her best
x
x
x
x
x
Educator
audiences
professional judgment
to select pertinent
audiences.
14

On a quarterly basis,
Senior Community
the Senior Community
Educator
Informational
Educator will review
c
Website
and update the
x
x
x
x
x
Stormwater Division's
Marketing and
webpage, if needed.
Communication Section
Distribute
Public educational
Public
materials will be
Education
evaluated for content
d
Materials to
appropriateness and if
x
x
x
x
x
Senior Community
Identified
needed, create new
Educator
User Groups
material for
distribution.
Maintain a Stormwater
Promote and
Hotline for the public
CityLink
Maintain a
to report illicit activity
e
Stormwater
and obtain information
x
x
x
x
x
Senior Community
Hotline
on volunteer
Educator
o ortunities.
Implement a
Maintain an effective
Public
Public Education and
Senior Community
f
Education
Outreach Program that
x
x
x
x
x
Educator
and Outreach
is compliant with
Program
NPDES requirements.
Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Public Education and Outreach
8.1(a) Describe Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences: The Stormwater Division uses three
resources in order to identify and target pollutants of concern within local waterways of
Winston-Salem: regulatory requirements, fixed interval stream sampling, and historical illicit
discharge detection and elimination reports. Regulatory requirements are derived from Total
Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) that the City of Winston Salem must reduce waste load
allocations to Muddy and Salem Creeks (currently, the High Rock Lake TMDL is pending). For
the Muddy Creek TMDL, the pollutant of concern is turbidity (i.e., TSS). Most probable sources
of turbidity (TSS) loading include construction sites, in -stream channel erosion, and industrial
sites. Fecal coliform is the pollutant of concern from Salem Creek Watershed. Bacterial source
tracking (BST) confirmed that sanitary sewer overflows, pet waste, and wildlife populations
contribute to fecal coliform pollution. Once the High Rock Lake TMDL is approved, nutrients
will be target pollutants of concern. Fecal coliform and turbidity pollution degrades biotic
integrity, thus impairing the reproduction cycle of aquatic life within streams.
The Stormwater Division performs quarterly, fixed interval sampling to determine pollutant
exceedances (when compared to Water Quality Redbook Standards) within streams. Since
samples are collected during various weather conditions (e.g., dry, first flush, descending portion
of a hydrograph, etc.), an accurate assessment of target pollutants has been established. Since
2011, the Stormwater Division has observed City-wide trending sample data that consistently
shows evaluated concentrations of numerous pollutants. These pollutants of concern consist of
turbidity (i.e., TSS), fecal coliform, and nutrients (i.e., total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen,
total phosphorus, and dissolved phosphorus). Probable sources of nutrient exportation include
15

excessive residential and commercial fertilizer applications, sanitary sewer overflows,
atmospheric deposition on impervious surfaces, industrial facilities, and commercial car -washing
activities. Nutrient loading depletes available dissolved oxygen concentrations for aquatic life
due to excessive algal blooms, thus affecting water resources. Scientific research has proven that
floatables and debris transport nutrients within our waterways. Floatables and debris can also
serve as surrogates for other pollutants due to being more visible and tangible to the public.
Historical illicit discharge detection and elimination (IDDE) reports indicate that hydrocarbon oil
and grease is the most frequently released pollutant of concern within the City of Winston-
Salem. Automobile repair businesses, car salvage facilities, nonpoint oil spills/leaks on public
streets, industrial entities, and commercial car -washing operations are sources of oil and grease
pollution. Oil and grease float on the stream surface and obstruct sunlight, which is needed by
aquatic fauna and flora. In addition, hydrocarbon oil and grease damage riverine habitat and
sensitive spawning areas due soil adsorption. Since contaminated soil particles settle at the
bottom of spawning beds, fish cannot reproduce and eventually, vanish from the stream.
The Stormwater Division has identified numerous audiences for public outreach and education
activities due to their potential risk of releasing targeted pollutants. Residents use lawn care
products, dispose of household hazardous waste, own pets, and perform routine maintenance on
their cars. Materials have been developed targeting residents to educate them about lawn care,
household hazardous waste disposal, pet waste, and automotive maintenance. Programs or
workshops, such as Carolina Yards & Neighborhoods, address fertilizer and pesticide usage and
pet waste. Other materials have been developed to address automotive maintenance for
businesses and stormwater volunteer opportunities. The Hispanic population is a growing
segment within the city of Winston-Salem. General stormwater pollution information has been
developed for this demographic as well as translations of current outreach materials in order to
reach the Hispanic community in Winston-Salem. School -age children participate in Creek
Crawls, an in -stream learning -experience concerning water quality issues and the difference
between healthy and impaired streams. The overall goal from extensive school -age children
education is to influence adult behavior, thus eliminating pollution -enhancing practices. A
Stormwater Inspector performs industrial inspections and assessments on prioritized, permitted
facilities; these inspections concentrate on pollution prevention and good housekeeping
measures, which curtail exposure of pollutants to rainwater. Erosion Control staff performs face-
to-face informal meetings to discuss and implement corrective measures for containing sediment
on -site. The Stormwater Division will work in collaborative efforts with Winston-Salem/Forsyth
County Utilities to reduce sanitary sewer overflows and leaks.
8.1(c) Informational Web Site: The Stormwater Division operates and maintains an informative
website, hgps://www.cityofws.org/Stormwater, to achieve a heightened awareness of
stormwater-related issues and/or events. Information is reviewed and updated as needed every
three months or upon a significant event or issue. The Community Educator promotes the
website at presentations, media releases, or posting the web address on distributed public
educational materials. Topics for web postings range from pollutant `factoids' to public
involvement opportunities. The Stormwater and Erosion Control Divisions have publicized its
contact information and the Stormwater Hotline/Helpline (CityLink) on the City of Winston-
Salem's main webpage. Once on the City's homepage, a citizen can locate staff member's name,
e-mail address, and telephone number within four clicks of a computer mouse. The contact
information for CityLink is located at the bottom of every city webpage and at the top of the
Stormwater and Erosion Control Divisions' webpages.
16

8.1(d) Distribute Public Education Materials to Identified User Groups: The City of Winston
Salem distributes public educational materials that directly relates to specific, targeted audiences.
The City creates communicative information for ranked pollutants of concern, such as floatables,
fecal coliforms, oil and grease, sediment (i.e., total suspended solids), and nutrients. Educational
materials (and opportunities) include brochures (paper and electronic), presentations, TV
advertisements, social media posts, workshops, community events, and targeted mailings. The
city of Winston-Salem performs mass media outreach activities throughout the local area works
in conjunction with the Piedmont Triad Regional Council (via Stormwater SMART).
Stormwater SMART develops TV and radio public service announcements, social media posts,
digital advertisements, and brochures (paper and electronic) to supplement the City's own
education and outreach efforts. To ensure the maximum educational effectiveness, the City
correlates the informative technique to the targeted audience. For example, best management
practices brochures are written in Spanish for Hispanic automobile repair shops.
8.1(e) Promote and Maintain a Stormwater Hotline/Helpline: In 2005, City Council commissioned
the creation and implementation of a centralized telephone call center/web-based complaint
hotline for the citizens of the City of Winston-Salem. Known to the public as CityLink, this
communication center receives citizen -generated e-mails or telephone calls regarding
stormwater-related items illicit within the City. The public can access CityLink from the city of
Winston-Salem's homepage of https://www.cityofws.org/; the CityLink button appears at the
top portion of the City's homepage and the CityLink contact information appears at the bottom
of all City webpages. On the Stormwater Division's homepage on the city website, the CityLink
contact information is provided at the top of the page. The Senior Community Educator receives
electronic notifications for presentation requests from CityLink or directly from website requests.
Illicit discharges are received through the Stormwater Pollution Hotline [phone]), which
is operated by CityLink. CityLink refers all illicit discharge complaints to Stormwater staff, who
will investigate these reports within 24 hours.
8.1(f) Implement a Public Education and Outreach Program: The Senior Community Educator
records the reach and extend of all educational outreach activities during the active permit year.
As a component of the annual program assessment, the Senior Community Educator evaluates
each educational approach that was used to reach targeted audiences. If needed, educational
techniques or methodologies are modified for maximizing the greatest reach for the upcoming
permit year.
8.7 Public Education and Outreach Annual Reporting Task Items for PY 2022-2023:
1. The Senior Community Educator will provide a summary of all completed educational and
outreach activities (with corresponding workload data or outcomes) that bolster permit
compliance to DEQ.
2. Based on IDDE report data, Stormwater staff determined that the pollutants of concern (POCs)
for citizens are fecal coliforms (blocked sewer lines, failed septic tanks, and illegal sewer
connections), offsite sedimentation, and yard waste/woody debris. For commercial users, the top
two POCs are car -washing wastewater and fats, oil, and grease (FOG). The Senior Community
Educator will create and/or distribute educational materials to identified, targeted audiences.
3. Erosion Control's and Stormwater's webpages will be updated with POC information for
targeted audiences. For this permit year, construction site runoff, TMDL, and water quality
17

sampling sections will be overhauled to reflect programmatic requirements as well as important,
interesting information to increase browsing traffic to the City's website.
4. The Senior Community Educator will report the total number of stormwater-related calls through
CityLink. In addition, social media requests will be tabulated and reported to forecast the most
effective means of reaching citizens within the community. A summary of results will be
reported to DEQ.
5. The Senior Community Educator will report the total number of new city employees trained and
received the Stormwater Division's educational booklet during orientation to DEQ.
7. As a component of annual reporting, the Senior Community Educator will complete a
programmatic evaluation for exploring new/modified methods or means of maintaining or
enhancing public education, outreach activities, with the corresponding targeted audience. All
proposed, major programmatic changes will be reported to DEQ for approval, prior to
implementation.
9. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT and PARTICIPATION
Obi ectives
1. Provide opportunities for the public, including major economic and ethnic groups, to
participate in program development and implementation.
The permittee shall implement the following BMPs to meet the objectives of the Public Involvement and
Participation Program:
9.1 BMP Summary Table
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
RESPONSIBLE
BMP
Measurable Goals
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
POSITION/PARTY
Volunteer
The Stormwater Division will
Community
provide, sponsor, support
Senior Community
a
Involvement
various volunteer opportunities,
x
x
x
x
x
Educator
Program
and citizen participation
programs.
Citizens are encouraged to
Establish a
participate during the public
Field Operations Director
Mechanism for
comment period of bimonthly
b
Public
Public Works Committee or
x
x
x
x
x
Involvement
City Council Meetings to
Senior Community
provide input on stormwater-
Educator
related issues.
Maintain a Stormwater Hotline
City Link
Establish
for the public to report illicit
c
Hotline(s) or
activity and obtain information
x
x
x
x
x
Helpline(s)
on volunteer opportunities
Senior Community
Educator
18

City Council solicits public
Citizens
input from the community
Public Review
regarding stormwater-related
Field Operations Director
d
and Comment
issues. This information
x
x
x
x
x
exchange promotes
Senior Community
transparency and accountability
Educator
to the public.
Compliance with 40 CFR
City Secretary's Office
122.34 is achieved by working
Marketing and
with the City Secretary's
Communication
Office, Marketing and
Department
e
Public Notice
Communications, and
x
x
x
x
x
Community Assistance
Community and
Specialists for scheduling,
Neighborhood Assistance
advertising, and posting public
meetings.
9.1(a) Volunteer Community Involvement Program: The City of Winston-Salem has implemented
the following programs to various degrees in order to promote volunteer opportunities and
ongoing citizen participation:
• Creek Week is a week-long series of events geared to engage the public and support water
quality awareness. Events usually include Creek Crawls, photo contest, guided paddles
and nature walks, lunch and learn presentations, a community read and book discussion,
professional development workshops, homeowner and resident workshops, special
children and teen's programs at the public libraries, community clean-ups, water centered
recreational activities, and other interactive programs. Creek Week occurred in March
and organized by a committee of municipal, county, and non-profit organizations.
• Creek Crawls are held with local school classes where the students visit a nearby creek to
examine the water quality of the stream using water quality test kits and visual
observations. Benthic macroinvertebrates are collected, examined, and discussed as to
form an overall assessment of the water quality of the selected stream. Students are
taught to collect water samples and to identify the macroinvertebrates collected based on
provided keys as part of this `hands on' approach.
• The Stormwater Division co -coordinates the Adopt -A -Stream program with Keep
Winston-Salem Beautiful to reduce litter, debris, and floatables in our waterways.
Homeowner associations, companies, special interest groups, families, or other interested
parties can request to Adopt -A -Stream in their area of interest. Interested parties will
commit to conducting three clean-ups per year and the City will provide signage and
debris removal after each cleanup. Keep Winston-Salem Beautiful also coordinates
Adopt -A -Street and Adopt -A -Park programs to reduce litter, debris, and floatables in our
community.
Big Sweep is conducted every year in October to remove trash and debris from local
waterways.
The Great American Clean -Up in Winston-Salem is conducted every year in April to
remove trash and debris from local streets, parks, and waterways.
The Stormwater Division coordinates the Storm Drain Marking program where volunteer
groups place adhesive `No Dumping, Drains to Creek' markers or use a provided storm
drain marking stencil and spray paint on catch basins and other drainage structures within
the community. Volunteer groups also distribute door hangers that contain stormwater
19

education material informing citizens about fertilizer use, pet waste, and illegal dumping
within targeted neighborhoods due to the number of reoccurring complaints.
• The Stream Watch in Winston-Salem program encourages volunteers to visit local
Winston-Salem waterways to make various visual observations about the habitat and
water quality. Observations are shared through a GIS web app in cooperation with NC
DEQ's Stream Watch program. Volunteers are provided with Winston-Salem specific
stormwater and stream educational information to help guide them through their visual
observations. Volunteers are encouraged to report any illicit discharges they observe
while participating in Stream Watch activities in Winston-Salem.
9.1(b) Establish a Mechanism for Public Involvement: The City of Winston-Salem has three main
mechanisms for public input on stormwater issues and input on the stormwater management
program: City Council Committee meetings, Stormwater Appeals Board, and the City Link
"suggestion and comment" service. The City Council has established committee level meetings
that citizens are invited to attend to discuss any topic including stormwater management issues.
The City Council committee that hears citizen input on stormwater management issues is the
Public Works Committee. Public Works Committee meetings are advertised on the City's
website and are held the second Tuesday of every month. The Stormwater Appeals Board has
been created to hear appeals if an owner, developer, engineer, or other party disagrees with the
decision of staff. City Link has instituted a citizen "suggestion and comment" service request
that allows any citizen to suggest or comment, which relates to the Stormwater Management
Program. These suggestions or comments are forwarded to the Department Head for review and
action, if necessary.
9.1(c) Establish Hotline(s) or Helpline(s): In 2005, City Council commissioned the creation and
implementation of a centralized telephone call center/web-based complaint hotline for the
citizens of the City of Winston-Salem. Known to the public as CityLink, this communication
center receives citizen -generated a -mails or telephone calls regarding stormwater-related items
illicit within the City. The public can access CityLink from the city of Winston-Salem's
homepage of https://www.cityofws.org/; the CityLink button appears at the top portion of the
City's homepage and the CityLink contact information appears at the bottom of all City
webpages. On the Stormwater Division's homepage on the city website, the CityLink contact
information is provided at the top of the page. The Senior Community Educator receives
electronic notifications for presentation requests from CityLink or directly from website requests.
Illicit discharges are received through the Stormwater Pollution Hotline [phone]), which
is operated by CityLink. CityLink refers all illicit discharge complaints to the appropriate
Stormwater staff members, who will investigate these reports within 24 hours (except on the
weekends).
9.1(d) Public Review and Comment: Copies of the City's Stormwater Management Plan are available
for public comment on its website located at https://www.cilyofws.org/Stormwater.
9.1(e) Public Notice: The City of Winston-Salem will comply with applicable public notice
requirements when implementing a public involvement and participation program. Compliance
with 40 CFR 122.34 is achieved by working with the City Secretary's Office, Marketing and
Communications and the Community Assistance Specialist for scheduling, advertising, and
posting public meetings.
20

9.2 Public Education and Outreach Annual Reporting Task Items for PY 2022-2023:
1. The Senior Community Educator will provide a summary of all completed educational,
volunteer, and public participation activities (with corresponding workload data) that bolster
permit compliance to DEQ.
2. Citizens attend monthly Public Works Committee Meetings to participate in the stakeholder
process. The Public Works Committee invites citizens to participate in these discussions and
agendas are posted on the City's website. In addition, the City Council has created
Stormwater Appeals Board, which makes decisions of various ordinances.
3. The Senior Community Educator will report the total number of stormwater-related calls
through CityLink to DEQ.
4. The Stormwater program website will be reviewed and updated with information for citizens.
The dates of all webpage updates, with a summary of uploaded information, will be reported
to DEQ.
5. The Senior Community Educator will publish major NPDES permit components on the
Stormwater Division's webpage for soliciting public feedback.
6. As a component of modifying the stormwater management plan, the Senior Community
Educator will complete a programmatic evaluation for exploring new/modified methods or
means of maintaining or enhancing public education and outreach activities. All proposed,
major programmatic changes will be reported to DEQ for approval, prior to implementation.
21

10. ILLICIT DISCHARGE and ELIMINATION
Obiectives:
1. Detect and eliminate illicit discharges, including preventable spills and illegal dumping
into the municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4).
2. Implement appropriate enforcement procedures and actions.
3. Maintain a map showing the permittee's major MS4 outfalls to state waters receiving
discharges.
4. Inform employees, businesses, and public of hazards associated with illegal discharges
and improper disposal of waste.
10.1 BMP Summary Table
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
RESPONSIBLE
BMP
Measurable Goals
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
OSITION/PARTY
City Council adopted the current
DDE ordinance in 2006, which
establishes the legal authority to
Stormwater Operations
detect and eliminate illicit
Supervisor
discharges or releases to the MS4
a
Maintain Appropriate
or surface waters. For FY 2022-
X
X
X
X
X
Legal Authorities
2023, the ordinance will remain
Stormwater Technicians
in force, with a gap analysis to
e performed to ensure all
encountered situations are
Stormwater Inspector
effectively and permanently
resolved.
The City of Winston-Salem has
executed a professional services
Field Operations Director
contract with HDR Engineering
for major outfall identification
and creation of a comprehensive
Assistant Stormwater
stormwater system inventory.
Director
For FY 2022-2023, Middle and
Lower Mill Creek
Stormwater Operations
Subwatersheds continue to
Supervisor
Maintain a Storm Sewer
receive comprehensive inventory
b
System Base Map
updates. In addition, HDR will
X
X
X
X
X
perform dry weather screening o
Stormwater Technicians
new and existing major outfalls
in Salem Creek, Muddy Creek,
Silas Creek, and Peters Creek
Stormwater Inspector
Watersheds due to TMDL
regulations and pollutant
concentrations. Once identified,
Stormwater staff will track,
Civil Engineer
identify, and eliminate all illicit
discharges.
22

Written standard operating
Stormwater Operations
Inspection/Detection
procedures were revised in
Supervisor
Program to Detect Dry
December 2021. Targeted areas
c
Weather Flows to MS4
of Salem Creek Watershed (and
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Technicians
Outfalls in Targeted
major tributaries) will continue
Areas
to be screened in dry weather
Stormwater Inspector
conditions for FY 2022-2023.
11 new municipal employees,
which are not administrative
positions, are required to review
a web -based power point
Senior Community
presentation and booklet
Educator
d
Employee Training
regarding IDDE detection and
X
X
X
X
X
reporting during orientation.
Risk Management
Jason H. Bryant, one of the
safety inspectors for the Risk
City Employees
Management Department,
dispenses IDDE booklets during
safety audits.
The public has numerous
methods of notifying the
CityLink
Stormwater Division of illicit
Maintain a Public
discharges. These resources
e
Reporting Mechanism
include the city's official
X
X
X
X
X
Senior Community
ebsite, Citizen Service Request
Educator
ebpage, or CityLink. These
mechanisms are active and
funded for FY 2021-2022.
Stormwater staff records all
IDDE activities, which includes
Stormwater Operations
date, time, investigative findings,
Supervisor
OVs, and completion letter
f
Documentation
within an internal Excel database
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Technicians
and GIS map layer. The IDDE
GIS and the IDDE Excel
Stormwater Inspector
spreadsheet have implemented
since June 2015.
Best Manamement Practices (BMPs) for Illicit Discharl4e Detection and Elimination:
10.1(a) Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities: The City of Winston-Salem has an illicit discharge,
connection, and disposal ordinance that regulates the introduction of illegal pollutants to the
City's MS4 and receiving streams. The ordinance was adopted by City Council in 2006.
Stormwater staff possesses adequate regulatory authority to provide enforcement actions, which
include enforcement mechanisms, such as issuance of notice of violations, levy civil penalties,
and issue stop work orders. One can reference the City's Stormwater Illicit Discharges and
Connection Ordinance, Chapter 75, at ARTICLE L ILLICIT STORMWATER DISCHARGES
AND CONNECTIONS
10.1(b) Maintain a Storm Sewer System Base Map: The City of Winston-Salem has entered into a
professional services contract with HDR Engineering for major outfall identification as well as
creation of a comprehensive stormwater system inventory. For FY 2021-2022, Middle and
Lower Mill Creek Subwatersheds are in the process of being surveyed and updated for a
comprehensive stormwater inventory revision, which includes location of new major
stormwater outfalls.
23

10.1(c) Inspect/Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in Targeted Areas: Illicit discharge
detection and elimination procedures are contained within the Stormwater IDDE manual, which
was last revised in November 2020. The Stormwater Division's current standard operating
procedures (SOPS) are based on the Center of Watershed Protection's 2004 technical manual.
Staff has modified these SOPS for functionality and cost-effectiveness, as new technology and
funding become available, the Stormwater Division will update and adopt new practices, as
needed. In FY 2021-2022, HDR will continue to perform dry weather screening of new and
existing major outfalls as well as stream -walk selected stream segments in the Salem Creek
Watershed (due to TMDL regulations). Once identified by HDR, Stormwater staff will track,
identify, and eliminate all illicit discharges. If needed, Stormwater staff will collect water
samples from outfalls and analyze for biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate, pH,
conductivity, fluoride, surfactants, and fecal coliforms.
10.1(d) Employee Training: The Senior Community Educator distributes a web -based power point
presentation and booklet to all current and new municipal employees (pertinent field staff) in
order to increase the success rate of detecting illicit discharges to the MS4/receiving waters.
All new municipal employees, which are not in administrative positions, are required to review
a web -based power point presentation and booklet regarding IDDE detection and reporting
during orientation. Jason H. Bryant, one of the Safety Inspectors for the Risk Management
Department dispenses IDDE booklets during safety audits. On an annual basis, the Senior
Community Educator performs refresher training at a targeted municipal facility or operation.
10.1(e) Maintain a Public Reporting Mechanism: Stormwater staff will continue working with the
I.S. Department for maintaining the most current up-to-date information that can be accessed on
our city website in order to keep the public informed. The reporting mechanism that the
Stormwater Division uses is called CityLink. Once known of the reported issue, staff has 24
hours to respond accordingly to the reported situation. When CityLink receives an issue, the
Assistant Director, Stormwater Operations Supervisor, and Stormwater Analyst receive an
automated notification from CityLink. From there, management assigns staff accordingly to
respond within the allotted period.
10.1(f) Documentation of IDDE Activities: When staff investigates an illicit discharge activity, a
discharge report is developed and filed by the investigating staff member, regardless of the
outcome. If an illicit activity is discovered, staff prepares a Notice of Violation (NOV), as per
the requirements of Chapter 75-11 of the City Code. The NOV is sent to the violator(s) via
certified mail or signature verified delivery by staff. The NOV clearly states the violation, as
well as any abatement activities required by the City. Upon successful completion of abatement
activities by the violator, a notification is sent stating that the illicit activity has been resolved.
Staff records all electronic copies of all correspondence, photos, mapping, civil penalty
assessments, and sampling results pertaining to the IDDE activity for future reference. Staff
documents all IDDE incidents on an spreadsheet as well as a NOV/IDDE GIS layer for
accurately tracking elimination activities. The city`s service request system is the main
documentation source to bridge the communication gap between Stormwater staff and citizens.
From there, citizens can call CityLink and receive information updates.
24

10.2 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Annual Reporting Task Items for FY 2022 —
2023:
1. Continue to move forward with HDR to update and submit a revised the storm sewer system
inventory map. The Stormwater Division will provide a summary of inventory update activities
that were completed during FY 2022-2023.
2. Continue to detect and eliminate illicit discharge situations and issue corresponding Notice of
Violations (NOVs), when applicable. Stormwater staff will report the total number of IDDE
cases investigated, the number issued NOVs, and corresponding percentage of successfully
resolved IDDE situations to DEQ.
3. Create a comprehensive watershed masterplan update schedule for detecting new major discharge
outfalls, illicit discharges, and locating TMDL pollutants of concern sources. The Field
Operations Director will need to seek approval from City Council to obtain funding to carry out
this activity.
4. As part of the masterplan inventory update, major stormwater outfalls will be investigated and
screened for the presence of pollutants. Stormwater staff will furnish the total number of
screened major stormwater outfalls, total amount of stream -miles walked, and corresponding
eliminated IDDE incidents to DEQ.
5. As part of the city's Good Housekeeping and Pollution prevention programs, new city employees
will continue to train to identify and report illicit discharges. The Stormwater Division will
tabulate and report the total number of new city employees trained in IDDE detection and
notification to DEQ.
6. Continue to educate the public regarding illicit discharges reporting methods and means.
Examples include, but limited to, commercials, door hangers, radio, etc. The Stormwater
Division will track and report the methods of communication to DEQ.
7. Continue using City Link as our initial tracking system to take any illicit discharge calls and
within one business day, Stormwater staff will investigate all received complaints within
established procedures.
8. Stormwater staff performs quarterly, fixed interval sampling at 13 locations to determine if any
illicit discharges are occurring so that we can eliminate them. The Stormwater Division will
report all samples analyzed to DEQ
9. Staff will use instanteous multiparameter meters, in conjunction with Hach colorimeters, for early
detection of sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) and failing septic systems. The Stormwater
Division will report all samples analyzed as well as the total number of eliminated SSOs and
failed septic systems to DEQ.
10. Continue to perform TMDL and Water Quality Assessment Sampling Programs to detect illicit
discharges. The Stormwater Division will report all samples analyzed to DEQ.
11. Continue to use CCTV or a pole camera to locate and permanently remove illicit discharge
sources from the MS4 or local streams.
12. Assess and update (if needed) Stormwater's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) for determination of accepted staff protocols. This assessment will
occur on an annual frequency.
13. Record the number of detected sanitary sewer overflows by Stormwater staff and reported to
Utilities Construction and Maintenance Section. Continue accessing the sewer overflows data
base that Utilities maintains on a GIS system to determine problem areas for observable trends.
14. Continue coordinating with the Utilities Division for determining potential illicit discharges when
encountered. Stormwater staff will provide professional knowledge and testing equipment for
evaluating potential releases.
25

14. The Stormwater Division will contact the Forsyth County Department of Public Health to resolve
all failed septic tank systems in the municipal boundaries of Winston-Salem.
15. Assist the Senior Community Educator in distributing IDDE booklets and brief training during
municipal good housekeeping inspections. Field staff will mark storm drain catch basins with
permanent stickers and spray paint signage at IDDE locations. Stormwater Division will sum the
total number of markers for education/public outreach and provide those quantities to DEQ.
This information is located at G:\HannaM\Ed & Outreach Programs.
16. Continue to develop and maintain stormwater IDDE Standard Operating Procedures (SOPS), as
changes occur. The Stormwater Division will report changes to DEQ.
17. Document IDDE training attendance for all Stormwater Division employees. Both hard and
digital copies will be stored in the Stormwater Operations Supervisor's office.
18. Use dye tracing as a method of illicit discharge tracking in conjunction with ArcGIS database
conveyance layers.
19. Notify the Winston-Salem Regional Office of DEQ, within 24 hours, of any petroleum discharge
that results in a visible sheen on receiving waters or discharged within 100 feet of any perennial
stream, or in exceedance of 25 gallons.
20. Continue to document IDDE investigation reports with all relevant information such as
NOV/Complaint log, IDDE report, NOV letter(s), correspondences, CSR updates, any follow-up
documentation, and photos. This information is located at G:\Techn_Projects_Files\IDDE -
Complaints and NOVs.
26

11. CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROLS
Objectives:
Reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff from construction activities disturbing one or more
acres of land surface and those activities less than one acre that are part of a larger
common plan of development.
2. Provide procedures for public input, sanctions to ensure permit compliance, requirements
for construction site operators to implement appropriate erosion and sediment control
practices, review of site plans, which incorporates consideration of potential water quality
impacts, and procedures for site inspection and enforcement of control measures.
3. A locally delegated program that meets or exceeds the state requirements covering the
jurisdictional area of the permittee complies with the required minimum of this section.
4. The City of Winston-Salem has been delegated by DEMLR to establish a local erosion
and sedimentation control program to administer the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act
of 1973; stormwater NPDES permit requirements will be fulfilled using this existing
program. Grading permits are required for land disturbing activities that are greater than
(or equal to) 20,000 square feet for new single-family dwelling construction (or part of a
larger common plan of development) or greater than 10,000 (or equal to) square feet for
any non-exempt purpose (or part of a larger common plan of development). For single-
family dwelling sites under 20,000 square feet (and not in a larger common plan of
development), an executed erosion control affidavit is mandated, which stipulates the
installation of minimal erosion control measures to prevent off -site sedimentation.
11.1 BMP Summary Table
RESPONSIBLE
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
BMP
Measurable Goals
POSITION /
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
PARTY
The local program mandates
DEMLR approved sediment
& erosion control practices
for construction activities
disturbing more than 20,000
Erosion
sq. ft. for single-family
Control/Floodplain
Erosion and
dwelling construction or
Manager
a
Sediment
10,000 sq. ft. for any other
X
X
X
X
X
Control
non-exempt purpose.
Program
Proposed projects, within a
larger common plan of
Erosion Control
development, will need to
Inspectors
submit and acquire plan
approval from the local
delegated program to obtain
NCGO1000 coverage.
Local program adheres to
Erosion
b
Plan Review
regulations and
X
X
X
X
X
Control/Floodplain
Process
requirements of the
Manager
Sedimentation Pollution
27

Control Act of 1973 and
current DEMLR E&SC
Erosion Control
Planning and Design
Inspectors
Manual.
On -site inspections are
conducted approximately
once every three weeks (on
average) - each inspector
Erosion
Field
has 60 sites. In addition,
Control/Floodplain
Inspections,
staff responds to all received
Manager
c
Complaint
complaints within three
Response, and
business days of first
X
X
X
X
X
Enforcement
knowledge. Chapter 8,
Procedures
Section 8.4 of the City's
Unified Development
Erosion Control
Ordinance includes Civil
Inspectors
Penalty, Injunctive Relief,
Stop Work Orders, and
Restoration.
The Erosion Control
Notify the
Division assesses
responsible
construction debris and
state or local
trash for potential negative
government
impacts to surface
Stormwater/
agencies that
waters/MS4. Erosion
Erosion Control Division
have
Control staff notifies the
enforcement
responsible, enforcement
capabilities to
entity for issue resolution, if
X
X
X
X
X
eliminate
issues are encountered. Any
d
construction
other pollutants that enter
Applicable State and
site wastes
the MS4 or local waters are
Local Government
from entering
resolved by the Stormwater
Agencies
the MS4
Division, if the illicit release
and/or Waters
occurs within the City of
of the State
Winston-Salem's municipal
limits.
Erosion Control staff
provides guidance resources
to contractors, developers,
and the public by directing
them to the City and
DEMLR's websites.
Erosion Control staff has
Educational
also compiled and
e
and Training
distributes digital technical
X
X
X
X
X
Erosion Control
Materials
guidance and design criteria
Inspectors
resources through email or
print by request.
Inspectors conduct on -site
and in -office educational
seminars with contractors,
designers, and the public, as
requested.
City Link -web -based
DEMLR
f
Public
Customer Service System
X
X
X
X
X
Information
(CSR) and phone line that
citizens and City employees
CityLink
28

can report off -site
sedimentation
issues/complaints
Senior Community
Educator
STOPMUD Hotline — staff
responds to complaints with
48 hours of first knowledge
Marketing &
Communications Section
City Website — publicized
contact information of
Erosion Control staff, which
includes telephone numbers
and email addresses.
11.1(a) Erosion and Sediment Control Program: The Erosion Control Division of the City of
Winston-Salem's Field Operations Department require erosion and sediment control measures
at construction sites. Chapter 8, Section 8.4 of the Unified Development Ordinance regulates
land disturbing activities within Forsyth County's boundaries (this includes the City of
Winston-Salem). For additional information regarding the City's Sediment and Erosion Control
Ordinance, please visit this link: Chapter 8, Section 8.4.
11.1(b) Plan Review Process: Chapter 8, Section 8.4 of the Unified Development Code, Section 8.4.4
(A.) states that no person shall initiate any land disturbing activity upon a tract without having
an erosion control plan approved by the Director or a designee and without having purchased
the applicable permit through the Inspections Division office. Section 3.2.7 (A.) states that any
area exceeding 20,000 square feet in surface area on one tract for construction of a single-family
dwelling or 10,000 square feet on one tract for any other non-exempt purpose must be
permitted. To be permitted, Section 8.4.4 (A.) mandates the creation and submittal of an
erosion control plan, Section 8.4.17 provides the submittal standards and criteria of erosion, and
sedimentation control plans to be reviewed, approved, and installed. When finalized,
development plans are submitted to the City of Winston-Salem for permit approval of land
disturbing activities; Erosion Control staff determines regulatory compliance in accordance with
the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 and Chapter 8, Section 8.4 of the City of
Winston-Salem Unified Development Ordinance. As a result, sediment control devices for
construction activities are evaluated for capture of 75 percent of the 40-micron particle and
larger.
11.1(c) Field Inspections, Complaint Response, and Enforcement Procedures: Site inspections are
conducted by one of three qualified Erosion Control Inspectors, which are assigned to a specific
section of Forsyth County. One Erosion Control Inspector is solely dedicated to inspecting
single family dwelling erosion control compliance. Inspector responsibilities include plan
review and approval, issuance of grading/erosion control permits for construction activities,
conducting on -site inspections, and performing enforcement actions, when needed. Routine site
inspections are performed approximately once every three weeks; however, the frequency of
inspections will increase (as needed) for overall programmatic compliance.
Enforcement action provisions are described in Chapter 8, Section 8.4.20 of the City's Unified
Development Ordinance (Chapter 8). The Erosion Control Division will not issue a grading
permit for a development site unless the sediment and erosion control plan has been approved.
Deviation from the approved plan will result in a Notice of Violation (NOV) issued by the
Erosion Control Inspector with required corrective actions and a compliance due date for
29

completion of corrective actions will be documented. Mitigation activities are enforced in the
event off -site sedimentation damage is observed. NCDEQ — DEQ receives a copy of every
NOV that is issued by the Erosion Control Division and NCDEQ — DWR is notified if
sedimentation damage is observed to a jurisdictional water body. If the required corrective
actions are not resolved by the compliance due date, a monetary fine, Stop Work Order, and/or
Injunction may be imposed on the developer and/or contractor. In addition, the Inspections
Division may withhold any certificates of occupancy until absolute resolution has been
achieved.
11.1(d) Notification to the Responsible State or Local Government Agencies that have
Enforcement Capabilities for eliminating Construction Site Wastes: During the course of
conducting field inspections, Erosion Control Inspectors assess construction waste BMPs,
specifically, regarding potential adverse impacts to water quality. If Erosion Control staff
determines that a contractor's poor housekeeping practices possess a threat to water quality,
staff will notify the Winston-Salem Regional Office of DEMLR, if the site has a NCGO1000
permit or located within unincorporated area of Forsyth County. If the site is located within the
jurisdiction of a MS4-permitted entity (e.g., Clemmons, Lewisville, Kernersville, etc.), the
respective stormwater authority is notified. Any pollutants that are directly (or indirectly)
discharged, disposed, or illicitly connected to storm drain systems (public or private -owned) or
streams, which are located within the City of Winston-Salem's municipal limits, are monitored
and enforced by the city's Stormwater Division.
11.1(e) Educational and Training Materials for Construction Site Operators: Erosion Control staff
performs on -site and in -office educational discussions with licensed contractors, design
professional, developers, and the general public as per service requests and/or issuance of
violations. These educational discussions are very interactive and personal. Erosion Control
staff provides guidance resources to contractors, developers, and the public by directing them to
the City and DEMLR's websites. Erosion Control staff has also compiled and distributes digital
technical guidance and design criteria resources through email or print by request.
11.1(f) Public Information: In 2005, City Council and the City Manager commissioned the creation
and implementation of a centralized telephone call center/web-based complaint hotline for the
citizens of the City of Winston-Salem. Known to the public as CityLink, this communication
center receives citizen -generated a -mails or telephone calls regarding illicit activity within the
City or County. The public can access CityLink on the City of Winston-Salem's homepage of
www.Cityofws.org.; it appears on the bottom portion of the website. The Erosion Control
Division has been integrated into the CityLink system and implemented a response time of three
days.
The Erosion Control Division has publicized its contact information on the City of Winston-
Salem's main webpage. Once on the City's homepage, a citizen can locate each Erosion Control
staff member's name, e-mail address, and telephone number within three clicks of a computer
mouse.
In addition, by calling 1-866-STOPMUD, citizens can report violations of the Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act of 1973. The Erosion Control Division responds to a -mails and received
complaints from the hotline within three business days of first knowledge.
30

11.2 Eminent Domain Authority: The Erosion Control Division has an established procedure of
requiring documentation of review and approval of a post -construction stormwater management
plan by DEQ for all development activity within Forsyth County. Municipalities that are
excluded from this policy include Winston-Salem, Kernersville, Clemmons, and Lewisville,
since each municipality has its own delegated post -construction stormwater program. This
protocol provides DEQ the opportunity to collaborate with the Erosion Control Division
concerning the approval of a post -construction stormwater management plan within the county
where no post -construction stormwater management program exists.
11.3 Construction Site Runoff Control Annual Reporting Task Items for FY 2022 - 2023
1. The Erosion Control Division will review and approve submitted erosion control plans
and perform corresponding onsite inspections to verify compliance. The annual total of
approved plans as well as onsite inspections will be reported to DEQ.
2. Once the state's new model ordinance is adopted by the Sedimentation Control
Commission, Erosion Control staff will perform a gap analysis and progress with local
ordinance revisions, if needed. An update of this action item will be included in the
upcoming annual report.
3. If needed, staff will issue Notices of Violations and use all enforcement actions outlined in
Chapter 8, Section 8.4 of the City's Unified Development Ordinance to ensure regulatory
compliance. Erosion Control staff will assess the percentage of compliant sites versus the
number of NOVs issued for all active construction sites for evaluating program
effectiveness.
4. Verify the flow process Erosion Control staff uses for ensuring containment of
construction waste streams. Ensure that no construction waste can enter (directly or
indirectly) the MS4 or waters of the State. Erosion Control staff will submit to DEQ the
total number of construction waste issues that were reported to the responsible state/local
agency.
5. To evaluate complaint response effectiveness, the Erosion Control Division will report to
DEQ the total number of successfully resolved illicit sedimentation discharge/release
claims, which are tracked through the city's Citizen Service Request system.
6. Erosion Control staff will report the total number of views from the Erosion Control
Division's website, as an indicator of public interest.
31

12. POST -CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROLS
Objectives:
Manage stormwater runoff from new development/redevelopment that drains to the MS4
and disturbs an acre or more of land surface, including projects less than an acre that are
part of a larger common plan of development or sale.
2. Provide a mechanism to require long-term operation and maintenance of SCMs.
3. Ensure controls are in place to minimize water quality impacts.
4. Permittee shall not be required to apply post -construction site runoff controls to entities
that are exempt from permittee's jurisdiction, including entities exempted under
N.C.G.S. 113A-56.
12.1 BMP Summary Table
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
RESPONSIBLE
BMP
Measurable Goals
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
POSITION/PARTY
The City of Winston
Salem adopted a Post-
Post-
construction Stormwater
Control Ordinance in
construction
September of 2008. As
a
Stormwater
required, ordinance
X
X
X
X
X
Field Operations Director
Management
provisions are applied to
Program
all developments within
the City of Winston-
Salem's 'urisdiction.
The City uses the State's
Strategies
latest version of
which include
Stormwater Design
b
SCM's
Manual as the Minimum
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Engineer
appropriate for
Design Criteria (MDC)
the MS4
for SCM submittals/
reviews.
Deed restrictions and
Deed
protective covenants are
Field Operations Director
Restrictions and
required in the City's
X
X
X
X
X
c
Protective
ordinance to ensure that
Covenants
stormwater controls are
Stormwater Engineer
not altered or removed.
An operation and
maintenance plans are
required as part of the
Operation and
permit approval process.
Field Operations Director
d
Maintenance
The City uses state-
X
X
X
X
X
Plan
approved criteria for
implementing
Stormwater Engineer
SCM inspection and
maintenance
re uirementS.
32

Educational materials are
posted on the Stormwater
Division's webpage,
which includes
Educational
stormwater applications,
materials and
example calculations, and
e
training for
other supplementary
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Engineer
developers
information. The
Stormwater Engineer
holds regular meetings
with developers to guide
them through the permit
process.
12.1(a) Post -Construction Storm Water Management Program: The Stormwater Division oversees
and enforces the city's post -construction stormwater management program. The City of
Winston-Salem has supplemented previous water supply watershed regulations with current
post -construction regulations for Class `C' waters to address stormwater runoff from new and
re -developed sites. The current Post Construction Stormwater Management ordinance was
adopted by the City Council on September 19, 2008, and this ordinance applies to all
development within our jurisdictional area (municipal boundary). The City's Post -construction
Ordinance can be located at https:Hlibrary.municode.com/nc/winston-
salem/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIIICOOR CH75STMA ARTIVPOCOST.
12.1(b) Strategies, which include SCM's Appropriate for the MS4:
Programs with development/redevelopment draining to Nutrient Sensitive waters:
Drainage from the City of Winston-Salem ultimately flows to the Yadkin River, which is the
main tributary for High Rock Lake. High Rock Lake has been classified as nutrient sensitive
and currently has a TMDL in development for Chlorophyll A and turbidity. Currently,
wastewater point sources are being considered for a waste load allocation (WLA) — not
stormwater sources. Structural and non-structural SCMs will be utilized to address the
requirements of 15A NCAC .0126 (10) (e). These SCMs will provide sediment removal, which
ultimately reduces the nutrient inputs to receiving streams. Proper application and storage of
fertilizers is being addressed through a Turf Management Certification, which is administered
by the Stormwater Division and the Forsyth County Cooperative Extension Service in efforts to
reduce nutrient loading to receiving streams.
Fecal Coliform Source Control:
The City of Winston-Salem coordinates with the Forsyth County Department of Public Health
to reduce fecal coliform due to failing/or failed septic tank systems. This process requires the
property owner to either connect to the POTW or repair/replace the septic tank system to
effective operations. The City/County Utilities Commission (CCUC) has an extensive capital
improvement program to rehabilitate failing sections of the sewer collection system.
Stormwater staff works closely with the CCUC to resolve sanitary sewer overflows during dry
weather screening activities or received citizen complaints. In addition, the City of Winston-
Salem has an enforceable ordinance that requires pet owners to pick up fecal matter within its
municipal boundaries. Section 6-12 in the City of Winston-Salem's Municode contains the
sanitation requirements for picking up dog feces, which is posted at
https:HlibrM.municode. com/nc/winston-
salem/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIIICOOR CH6ANFO S6-12SAREDO.
33

Non -Structural SCM's:
Currently, the City of Winston-Salem has implemented a comprehensive plan for growth — the
Legacy Development Guide, which was adopted in 2012. Environmental quality is a key
subject area, which is addressed with an objective to protect our local watersheds, wetlands, and
streams. The City also has adopted local water supply watershed protection regulations, as
required by NC DWQ. The Unified Development Ordinance regulates development in the
Water Supply watershed areas of the City. Development is subject to zoning restrictions,
erosion control measures, floodplain management and low -density development provisions as
they pertain to the water quality criteria of the Post -Construction Stormwater Control Ordinance
such as recording of stream buffers where applicable and use of vegetative conveyances to the
maximum extent practicable.
Structural SCM's:
The City of Winston-Salem's Post Construction Stormwater Management ordinance provides
sizing and performance criteria for water quality SCMs. The City of Winston-Salem has also
adopted the State's Stormwater Design Manual as a technical guide for designing structural
SCMs within its jurisdictional area and thus for use in also providing sizing and performance
criteria, in combination with the ordinance provisions. The ordinance addresses both low
density and high -density development scenarios as regards water quality attenuation. Low
density developments (less than 24 percent built upon area, or less than two dwelling units per
an acre) must meet all of the Minimum Design Criteria (MDC) of the NC DWR Stormwater
Design Manual —Low Density Chapter, to the maximum extent practicable. Such items include
but are not limited to recording of stream buffers where applicable and using vegetative
conveyances to the maximum extent practicable. High density developments (greater than 24
percent built upon area and more than two dwelling units per acre) in addition to meeting all of
the low density non-structural SCM requirements, to the maximum extent practicable, must also
provide structural SCM's. Any SCM or combination of SCM's that are considered "Primary"
SCMs per the Stormwater Design Manual and that can be effectively constructed in the
Piedmont physiographic region may be approved by the Stormwater Engineer. In addition, the
Post Construction Stormwater Management ordinance also includes a local requirement for
water quantity standards if a development creates more than 20,000 square feet of new
impervious area. If that is the case a development must either, (a) design structural SCMs in
order to mitigate detrimental downstream effects of flooding and erosion in various design
storm events, or, in lieu of management provide a "no adverse impact downstream study" if
indeed a no adverse impact situation can be proven.
12.1(c) Deed Restrictions and Protective Covenants: The City of Winston-Salem, as previously
mentioned, created, adopted, and implemented its post -construction ordinance on September 19,
2008. This ordinance includes comprehensive regulatory procedures to ensure compliance.
Right of entry drainage and access easements must be granted to the City to inspect, monitor,
maintain, repair, or to reconstruct the stormwater management system as necessary and these
easements are referenced in the recorded Operation and Maintenance Agreements. Notice of
violations, remedies, and monetary penalties are examples of regulatory tools contained within
the post -construction ordinance that the Stormwater Division utilizes as enforcement
mechanisms. For further reference, the City's Post -construction Stormwater Control Ordinance
(Chapter 75, Article IV) can be located at this link: https://library.municode.com/nc/winston-
salem/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIIICOOR CH75STMA ARTIVPOCOST
34

12.1(d) Operation and Maintenance Plan: Stormwater staff inspect approved water quantity SCMs
(pre-2008 post -construction ordinance adoption) as well as the Salem Lake Watershed (Water
Supply IV Classification) SCMs on an annual basis. Next, Stormwater staff informs the owners
of record of any deficiencies noted so that they may be addressed. Operation and Maintenance
Agreements are required to be approved, recorded and implemented for all of the developments
located within the Salem Lake Watershed area that require SCM(s) and the owners of such
SCMs are bound to the terms of that agreement.
The City currently has a spreadsheet that tracks all of the developments and redevelopments that
have been submitted to the Stormwater Division for review and compliance with the Post
Construction Stormwater Management ordinance. This spreadsheet includes a list of the
development names, whether or not they are exempt from the ordinance and if exempt an
explanation of why so, and if they are not exempt a description of what provisions of the
ordinance they had to meet as in water quality — (low or high density), or water quantity, or
both. This spreadsheet contains pertinent information, such as project submittal, review notes,
date of permit issuance with corresponding number, the owners contact information of the
stormwater management system, what developments we are currently still waiting on for as -
built records to be submitted, what developments have submitted as-builts and hence are subject
to submitting annual inspection and maintenance records, etc., so that Stormwater staff can
efficiently check or reference any development and its criteria that may have been permitted,
since the ordinance was adopted. The City also maintains "hard" files for all projects listed in
this spreadsheet.
SCMs, within the City limits jurisdiction and approved after the adoption of the post -
construction ordinance, must have an Operation and Maintenance Agreement recorded as part
of the post construction permit process that is binding on the SCM owner. The responsibility of
SCM inspection and maintenance is placed on the designated SCM owner, or Homeowners
Association/Property Owners Association, as applicable, who has signed the recorded Operation
and Maintenance Agreement. The requirements for such inspections and maintenance are
outlined in an Operation and Maintenance Manual that forms part of the overall Operation and
Maintenance Agreement. Beginning after the certification of the as -built drawings for a
permitted stormwater management system, the system must be inspected per the frequency
described in this agreement by a suitably qualified professional on behalf of the owner. The
owner must keep all records of these inspections and any maintenance activities that may have
been necessary and submit these records to the Stormwater Director for review on an annual
basis. The Stormwater Director or his designee may carry out his own inspection to validate
such submitted records.
All structural SCMs approved in accordance with the Post -Construction Stormwater
Management ordinance must have a financial surety that meets the requirements of the
ordinance provisions, in force prior to permit issuance. For a developer who wants to remain
the party responsible in perpetuity for the long term Operation and Maintenance of the system,
the surety shall equal four percent of the estimated construction cost of the Stormwater
management system, verified by submittal of a sealed engineers estimate. This surety is held in
a City maintained account and is non-refundable. The developer may apply for a loan from this
account if needed to address system deficiencies. For SCMs that are to be owned and operated
by a HOA or POA, then the surety that is required is in the form of an escrow account and
escrow agreement. The developer establishes an escrow account at the time of permitting and
deposits 15 percent of the estimated construction cost of the stormwater management system
35

into this account, with the HOA/POA to add further funds in the future. An escrow agreement
must be approved and recorded during the permit process, which allows the City access to this
escrow account, and its funds if needed should a SCM owner fail to comply with maintaining
the system.
The City also requires performance bonding or other cash securities, in accordance with the
Salem Lake Watershed Environmental ordinance provisions, on SCMs proposed and located
within the Salem Lake Water Supply Watershed area.
12.1(e) Educational materials and training for developers: Multiple training and information
sessions were provided by Stormwater Division staff prior to and after the ordinance
implementation in 2008. Educational materials provided include a permit application flowchart,
example of design calculations and other supplementary information such as Operation and
Maintenance Manual templates. These are available on the Stormwater Divisions website. The
Stormwater Engineer and if needed the Stormwater Director, also make themselves regularly
available to meet with developers at their request on an individual basis in the event that they
need guidance on permit policies and procedures before submitting an application for a permit.
The Stormwater Engineer is also a member of the City's Technical Review Committee (TRC)
and attends in person meetings held on a weekly and monthly basis to explain the Post
Construction Stormwater Management permitting process to applicants looking to develop or
redevelop property within the City limits and Salem Lake Watershed. The Stormwater
Engineer has on average three such meetings (individual plus TRC combined) on a weekly
basis. The Stormwater Engineer fulfills multiple meetings and information requests from
developers, owners and citizens either by phone or e-mail on a weekly basis outside of the in
person meetings.
The City maintains a website on the Stormwater Divisions webpage that addresses the city's
post -construction permitting process as well as development requirements within the regulated
Salem Lake Watershed area. This website is used as an educational tool available to all
developers and SCM owners. The website contains items such as, a link to the Post
Construction Stormwater Management ordinance, a link to the NC DWR Stormwater Design
Manual website, the permit flow chart, a link to the permit application and checklists for
submittal, templates for Operation and Maintenance Agreements and Manuals, design examples
or SCMs, templates for inspections and annual compliance reports, a link to the electronic
review submittal system and also a detailed FAQ section that attempts to address most, if not all
of the questions that developers and SCM owners typically have. This website may be found at
hgps://www.cityofws.org/794/Post-Construction-Stormwater-Mana eg ment
12.2 Post -Construction Annual Reporting Task Items for FY 2022 — 2023:
1. Stormwater staff will inspect constructed and approved water quantity control SCMs
within the City limits. These SCMs were designed and constructed prior to the 2008
adoption of the City of Winston-Salem's Post Construction Stormwater Management
ordinance. Inspection results will be disclosed in the FY 2022-2023 Annual Report to
DEQ.
36

2. Stormwater staff will inspect the water quality SCMs located within the Salem Lake
Watershed, which were approved under the provisions of the Salem Lake Watershed
ordinance. Inspection results will be disclosed to DEQ in the FY 2022-2023 Annual
Report.
3. Create and implement a flow -process and standard operating procedures (SOPS) for
executing municipal -owned SCM Operation and Maintenance Agreements and
responsibilities. Once finalized, the City's SCM Manual for municipal operations will be
finished by the Stormwater Engineer. A status update for the task item will be provided to
DEQ in the FY 2022-2023 Annual Report.
4. Identify privately -owned SCMs, which includes as-builts, annual inspection records,
maintenance records, etc. to gain compliance with applicable ordinance requirements
within the municipal boundaries.
5. Implement an annual inspection SOP for municipal -owned SCMs that were installed after
2008. Once inspected, the stormwater capital improvement project list will be updated,
encumber funding, and release Request for Proposals to maintain or repair municipal -
owned SCMs. Stormwater staff will need to seek Council approval to obtain the funding
to carry out these activities. A status update for the task item will be provided to DEQ in
the FY 2022-2023 Annual Report.
6. The Stormwater Division will review and permit applicable development plans that
require a Post Construction Stormwater Management permit to be issued. This will
include reviewing development plans for compliance with the water quality provisions of
the ordinance that may be either: (a) low density developments, or (b) high density
developments that require structural SCMs. These plans and if needed, SCMs, will be
assessed for compliance with the City's Stormwater quantity ordinance provisions.
Stormwater staff will also ensure they review all other development plans that may be
exempt from the ordinance provisions to confirm any or all exemptions and keep a record
of all such exemptions on file.
7. Stormwater staff will continue to maintain an internal spreadsheet of all submitted
developments for review, exempted, or permit issuance. This spreadsheet shall continue
to contain information such as when was a project permitted, what is the permit number,
what is applicable to a particular development — i.e. is it low density development in terms
of water quality or a high density development and if it was a high density development,
what and how many, types of SCMs were permitted, so that an accurate count of all SCMs
permitted throughout our jurisdiction since the adoption of the ordinance can be gathered
if needed. In addition, this spreadsheet should continue to record if a development had to
meet the water quantity requirements of the ordinance and if so, were SCMs provided.
Conversely, if the developer proves that no adverse impact downstream exists, then no
management is required for water quantity.
8. The Stormwater Division will assess how many SCM owners comply with their Operation
and Maintenance responsibilities as regards inspecting and maintaining their systems and
how many of the owners submit their annual compliance reports to the Stormwater
37

Division, as they are required to do per their permits. If owners fail to comply then the
Penalties and Remedies Section of the ordinance will be implemented, as required.
9. Assess the need for increased educational efforts for structural SCM inspection and
Maintenance after devices have been constructed and have become operational and are
formally under the owner's responsibility per their Operation and Maintenance
Agreement. Particular attention may be needed for the owners of new systems who are
just entering their first year of Operation and Maintenance responsibilities, or for those
owners who are regularly deficient in their annual submittal responsibilities.
10. Assess the number of visits and downloads to and from the Post Construction Stormwater
Website by the Senior Community Educator.
11. Assess the percentages of structural SCMs (since 2008) for operational function (e.g.,
functional, underperforming, nonfunctional, and failing). Ensure the overwhelming water
quality and quantity BMPs are functioning as designed by implementation of Items 4 and
5 above. Also, assess the percentages of structural SCMs (mainly quantity devices)
constructed prior to 2008 for performance levels and these include the SCMs both within
the City limits and within the Salem Lake Watershed area.
12. Implement a tentative internal City Agreement involving other City Departments (City
Attorney's office, Engineering Department and Property Maintenance Department) to
create and execute, for all City owned SCMs, an Operation and Maintenance Agreement
process that includes an inspection and maintenance criteria and that may also involve
execution of a maintenance contract with an outsider vendor in order to return and to
maintain city -owned structural SCMs to their designed operational effectiveness. In
addition to this, City developments that are lacking in their permitting requirements that
may yet be unfulfilled and submittal of as -built records for those SCMs that were
permitted fully should be addressed. An inventory of all municipally owned structural
SCMs will be maintained by the Stormwater Engineer - a copy of this inventory will be
provided to DEQ within Stormwater's Annual Report.
38

13. POLLUTION PREVENTION and GOOD HOUSEKEEPING for
MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS
Obiectives•
1. Prevent or reduce stormwater pollution from municipal operations that drain to the MS4
system.
2. Incorporate Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping techniques into municipal
operations that drain to the MS4 system.
13.1 BMP Summar Table
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
RESPONSIBLE
BMP
Measurable Goals
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
POSITION/PARTY
To maintain a current
inventory of the municipal
facilities/operations,
Stormwater staff evaluates
and updates its master
Stormwater Inspector
inventory on an annual
Inventory of
basis. The last revision to
a
municipal
the master list was
X
X
X
X
X
facilities and
performed on October 11,
operations
2021. The Stormwater
Stormwater Engineer
Engineer maintains a
master list of all SCMs that
are owned or operated by
the City of Winston-Salem
— the last update occurred
October 28, 2021.
The Stormwater Division
Inspection and
has implemented an
maintenance
inspection and maintenance
program for
program for municipal
b
municipal
facilities/operations, which
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Inspector
facilities and
was updated in November
operations
2021. All information has
been incorporated into a
written plan.
Site Pollution
The Stormwater Division
Prevention Plan
has prioritized 20 (Table
c
for Municipal
13.4) municipal
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Inspector
Facilities
operations/facilities for
potential SPPP creation.
For municipally owned
facilities that are not
required to obtain a general
Spill Response
stormwater permit, an
Procedures for
abbreviated SWPPP is
d
Municipal
created and implemented.
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Inspector
Facilities and
A key component of this
Operations
abbreviated SWPPP is spill
response plan and
procedures, which are site -
specific.
39

During municipal
facility/operation
Prevent or
assessments, vehicle and
Minimize
equipment -washing
Contamination of
practices are evaluated. If
Stormwater
needed, washing
e
Runoff from all
procedures are modified to
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Inspector
areas used for
prevent or minimize
Vehicle and
exposure to surface waters.
Equipment
These procedures are
Cleaning
documented in the SPPP
and verified on a BMP
checklist.
The Stormwater Division
has work in collaborated
Stormwater Inspector
efforts with Winston-Salem
Transit Authority and Field
Operations, City Yard to
Field Operations, City
identify pollutant -laden
Yard
Streets, Roads,
stormwater runoff from
f
and Public Parking
public streets roads, and
X
X
X
X
X
Lots Maintenance
Parking lots. Selected
BMPs for implementation,
Winston-Salem Transit
which includes street
Authority
sweeping, trash and
sediment removal, and
Stormwater Operations
implementation of basic
Supervisor
spill response procedures
for hydrocarbon releases.
Inspection and
The permittee shall
Maintenance
maintain and implement an
(I&M) for
inspection and maintenance
FO, City Yard
municipally
program for municipally
g
owned or
owned stormwater control
X
X
X
X
X
maintained
measures (SCMs) and the
stormwater control
MS4 system, which
measures (SCMs)
includes catch basins,
Stormwater Engineer
and the storm
piping, and other
sewer system.
structures.
A web -based power point
presentation and booklet is
mandatory for all current
and new applicable
Senior Community
municipal employees, to
Educator
review and synthesize
information regarding good
housekeeping practices as
h
Staff Training
well as IDDE information.
X
X
X
X
X
In addition, on an annual
basis, the Stormwater
Inspector performs a
municipal inspection at a
targeted department, where
Stormwater Inspector
additional staff training is
performed that is specific
to the department
conditions.
40

13.1(a) Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations: In 2020, the Stormwater Division
performed an inclusive assessment of municipal facilities/operations that have a significant
potential for generating polluted stormwater runoff. Subsequently, staff prioritized these
municipal operations for SWPPP creation and implementation due to the magnitude and nature
of activities that each municipal operation provides to the public. Since that time, the
Stormwater Division provides professional services to City entities to create and implement
BMPs for mitigating or eliminating exposure of pollutants to stormwater runoff. The following
tables provide an overview of the City's progression in reducing stormwater pollution from
municipal operations, as of October 11, 2021.
Municipal Facilities/Operations that have Comprehensive Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans
(General Stormwater Permitted or Significant Operations that require SWPPPs, as if permitted)
Table 13.2
City Department
Division or Operational Activities
Contact Name
NPDES Permit Number
Utilities
Muddy Creek WWTP
Frank Crump
NCG110133
Archie Elled e WWTP
Frank Crump
NCG110013
Hanes Mill Landfill
Gordon Dively
NCG120034
Old Salisbury Road Landfill
Adam Rickett
NCG120095
Utilities Construction and Maintenance
Kenny Atkins
N/A
Property Facilities
Management
Fleet Services
Donnie McDaniel
NCG080801
Field Operations
City Yard
Lance Covington
N/A
WSDOT
Winston-Salem Transit Authority
John Ashford
NCG080023
Parks and Recreation
Reynolds Park Maintenance Warehouse
Wayne Belcher
N/A
Benton Convention Center
Food Service, Convention Activities
Grant Minix
N/A
Winston-Salem
Entertainment and Sports
Complex
Food Service Agricultural Exhibits Automobile
Demolition Derby
Cheryle Hartley
N/A
Bowman Grey Stadium
Automobile Racing, Sporting Events, Food
Service
James Crippen
N/A
Municipal Facilities/Operations that have Abbreviated Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans
(Spill Response Plans and Procedures with Nonstructural BMPs, including Site Maps)
Table 13.3
City Department
Division or Operational Activities
Contact Name
NPDES Permit Number
WSDOT
Parking Decks/Lots
Rodd Ring
N/A
Three facilities
Thomas Water Plant
Bill Brewer
NCO079821
WSFD(Nineteen facilities
Fire Stations, Truck Washing
Chief Trey Mao
N/A
Parks and Recreation
Equipment Maintenance and Washing, Swimming
Wayne Belcher
N/A
(26 facilities)
Pool Chemicals, and Recreation Centers
41

Municipal Facilities/Operations that are scheduled for Site Assessments and/or Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plans (General Stormwater Permitted or Abbreviated — Depends on
Operational Magnitude and Nature of Activities)
Table 13.4
City Department
Division or Operational Activities
Contact Name
NPDES Permit Number
Sanitation
Lowery Street Complex
Darrell Moody
N/A
Parks and Recreation
Reynolds Park Golf Course
Julius Reese
N/A
Winston Lake Golf Course
Julius Reese
N/A
Police
Vehicle Evidence Lot
Brittany MurrayN/A
Beaty Public Safety Center
Captain Brian Dobe
N/A
Burke Public Safety Center
Jon Canu
N/A
District 1 Office Complex
Captain Richard Newnum
N/A
District 2 Office Complex
Captain Renee Melly
N/A
District 3 Office Complex
Captain Christopher Lowder
N/A
Cemeteries
Evergreen Cemetery
Scotty Speas
N/A
Woodland Cemetery
Scotty Seas
N/A
Parks and Recreation
Quarry Park, Hanes Park, Washington Park
Wayne Belcher
N/A
Bethabara Park
Diana Overby
N/A
Winston Lake, Salem Lake
Bobby He e
N/A
Long Creek Pool
Shawn Rodriguez
N/A
Hine Park & Sara Lee Soccer Fields
Wayne Belcher
N/A
WSTA
Central Bus Station
John Ashford
N/A
Best Management Practices for Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal
Operations
13.1(b) Inspection and Maintenance Program for Municipal Facilities and Operations: The
Stormwater Division has been conducting good housekeeping inspections of municipal
facilities/operations since January 2004. The Stormwater Inspector prioritizes municipal
facilities for an inspection ranking (annual frequency), based upon internal evaluation criteria,
such as site size, nature of operation business practices, chemical or product quantities and/or
toxicity, spill history, general permit issuance or status, etc. Once the inspection ranking list is
finalized, the Stormwater Inspector evaluates the potential of each municipal facility or
operation to generate potential pollutants. If the municipal facility/operation has been issued a
general stormwater permit, the Stormwater Inspector determines onsite conditions and SPPP
compliance with permit requirements. Basic municipal operations or facilities receive an
abbreviated stormwater pollution plan, which concentrates on facility inspections, spill response
procedures, general site maps, and employee training. If needed, the Stormwater Inspector
refers the municipal facility to a qualified consultant for creation of a spill prevention, control,
and counter measure plan (SPCC), which complements SPPP requirements (but not to replace).
The inspection process focuses on current best management practices (BMPs) of
chemical/substances (e.g. salt, gasoline, soil, etc.) storage, waste disposal, outdoor processes
(e.g. vehicle and equipment washing), material unloading, and automotive -related activities. In
addition, Stormwater staff evaluates the effectiveness of structural BMPs, stormwater discharge
outfall(s) condition, off -site erosion, and recommends corrective measures and/or BMP
implementation (nonstructural or structural) for the facility. All generated inspection reports are
posted on an internal shared drive as well as hard copies that are delivered to the Field
Operations Director, Mr. Keith Huff. The Stormwater Division retains an electronic copy and
hard copies of completed inspection forms. Once corrective measures have been installed or
42

implemented, stormwater personnel verify BMP effectiveness. The last comprehensive revision
to the city's municipal inventory database was completed in 2020; an update was finalized by
the Stormwater Division during the 2020-2021 permit year and is located at (G:\Industrial
Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeeping\MGH&PP Program\Municipal Facilities\Master
Municipal.xlsx
13.1(c) Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations: The Stormwater
Division has identified 81municipal facilities/operations that have the significant potential for
generating polluted stormwater runoff. As of October 2021, 61 municipal facilities/operations
have implemented stormwater pollution prevention plans (SPPPs) to remove pollutant exposure
to stormwater runoff (Tables 13.2 and 13.3). 20 municipal facilities/operations have been
designated for site pollution assessments/inspections with SWPPP creation and implementation,
if needed (Table 13.4). The Lowery Street Complex will be evaluated for vehicle -washing
BMPs during the coming permit years. (G:\Industrial Inspection & Municipal
Goodhousekeeping\MGH&PP Program\Municipal Facilities\Master MunicipaLxlsx)
13.1(d) Spill Response Procedures for Municipal Facilities and Operations: For municipally
owned facilities that are not required to apply for a NPDES stormwater permit, an abbreviated
SWPPP has been created and implemented by City staff. A key component of this abbreviated
SWPPP is spill prevention and response plan and procedures that are site -specific. SPPPs
include site maps, facility inspections, GH and PM schedule, and SPPP certification. All SPPPs
have site maps, facility inspections, good housekeeping and preventive maintenance schedules,
and a SPPP certification statement. Each municipal operation/facility performs spill response
training on an annual basis. Table 13.3 contains a list of municipal facilities/operations that
have implemented an abbreviated SPPP.
13.1(e) Prevent or Minimize Contamination of Stormwater Runoff from all areas used for Vehicle
and Equipment Cleaning: Upon inspection of each municipal facility or operation, structural
and nonstructural BMPs are recommended for implementation. Stormwater staff promotes
vehicle/equipment washing at the Lowery Street Complex. These washing bays discharge into
an oil and water separator, which is connected into the sanitary sewer. Parking lots for
abandoned vehicles will be evaluated for installation of an oil and water separator. If BMPs
cannot be installed, the vehicle -washing activities will be performed in accordance with NPDES
requirements; selected BMPs will be incorporated into an abbreviated SWPPP to reflect on -site
practices and measures.
13.1 (f) Streets, Roads, and Public Parking Lots Maintenance: The Stormwater Division has
worked in collaborative efforts with Winston-Salem Transit Authority and Winston-Salem
Department of Transportation in order to identify pollutant -laden stormwater runoff from public
streets, roads, and parking lots. Selected BMPs for implementation include increased street
sweeping, enhanced MS4 trash and sediment removal, issuance of condensed spill response
plans and procedures for hydrocarbon releases and implementing a maintenance program for
existing stormwater control measures, which receive inputs from public streets and roads.
13.1(g) Inspection and Maintenance (I&M) for Municipally -owned or Maintained Stormwater
Control Measures (SCMs) and the Storm Sewer System: City Yard Field Operations has
developed and implemented a comprehensive operation and maintenance (O&M) program for
structural BMPs as well as the MS4. This O&M Program includes (but not limited to) these
activities:
43

Street (right-of-way) structure maintenance (pipes and catch basins) — approximately 50
percent of total MS4 drainage structures are inspected and cleaned (if needed) once a year.
Structure condition is denoted, prioritized for repairing, when required.
Street sweeping — the Sanitation Department ensures that the downtown business core
streets are swept daily to remove pollutants from roadways. The Sanitation Department
utilizes high efficiency vacuum street sweeper for maximum pollutant (e.g. trash, TSS,
fecal coliforms, and nutrient) removal. In addition, numerous municipal facilities (e.g.
Winston-Salem Transit Authority, City Hall North Parking Lot, etc.) utilize high
efficiency vacuum sweepers to remove any potential pollutants (oil and grease, TSS, fecal
coliforms, and nutrients) at a designated service interval.
Structural SCMs maintenance: The Stormwater Engineer will devise a prioritization plan
for SCM maintenance or rehabilitation activities; based on the results of the prioritization
plan, the Field Operations Director will allocate funds and develop a critical path for
returning SCMs to their designed, operating condition. Maintenance activities will
include vegetative control of invasive species, sediment removal from forebays, trash and
debris removal, and inlet and outlet cleaning services.
13.1(h) Staff Training: A web -based presentation (created by the city's Marketing and
Communications Department in August 2021) and booklet is mandatory for all current
municipal employees, which are not administrative positions, to view and synthesize awareness
information regarding good housekeeping practices as well as illicit discharge identification and
detection. Once training has been completed, City departments record each employee's name
and employee ID number for documentation purposes and submit these training logs to the
Senior Community Educator. These educational materials serve for refreshing current
employees' awareness of pollution prevention techniques. In addition, the Stormwater
Inspector performs inspections at specific municipal facilities, where enhanced staff training is
warranted. Lastly, Jason H. Bryant, Safety Inspector with the Risk Management Department,
dispenses IDDE booklets during safety audits for supplementary educational activities.
13.20 Municipal Good Housekeeping and Pollution Prevention Annual Reporting Task Items
for FY 2022-2023:
1. The Stormwater Inspector will perform SPPP audits on selected municipal operations or
facilities. The Stormwater Division will submit the total number of inspected municipal
facilities (with corresponding names) to DEQ. This list is located at G:\Industrial
Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeening\MGH&PP Prouram\Municipal Facilities.
2. Create a Request for Qualifications to hire a qualified professional to generate stormwater
pollution prevention plans for remaining municipal operations/facilities. Stormwater staff
will need to seek Council approval to obtain the funding to carry out these activities. A
status update for the task item will be provided to DEQ in the FY 2022-2023 Annual
Report.
3. Stormwater staff will request analytical sampling records from municipal operations to
compare pollutant concentrations to benchmark values, if permitted. If excessive
concentrations are observed, the Stormwater Inspector will recommend BMPs (or SCMs)
to the municipal operation for pollutant reduction and permit compliance.
4. Stormwater staff will request a copy of all documented spills from all municipal
operations during site inspections. Documented spills will be located at (G:\Industrial
Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeeping\MGH&PP Pro rg am\Spill Documentation). In
44

addition, the Stormwater Inspector will ensure that the municipal operation will have the
proper spill kits and proper contact information on site for elimination and mitigations of
future spills.
5. Continue to have new City employees view the stormwater orientation video and receive a
copy of the handbook, Stormwater Runoff Municipal Good Housekeeping and Pollution
Prevention. This will serve as a foundation to educate newly hired city employees. The
Stormwater Division will report the total number of city employees that were trained in
proper MGH & PP practices to DEQ. In addition, the Stormwater Inspector and Senior
Community Educator will continue to perform the annual refresher training for targeted
city employees, which is based on a priority ranking. Priority rankings are based on the
last time a facility was trained and or the last time a major spill has occurred.
6. The City will provide funding to 3RC, a facility that collects, disposes, and/or recycles
household hazardous materials in the city of Winston-Salem. The Stormwater Division
will report the total quantity of recycled household hazardous waste to DEQ.
7. The Sanitation Division will collect and compost leaves and vegetative material. The
Stormwater Division will report the total quantity of recycled vegetative matter to DEQ.
8. City Yard Field Operations will continue to remove and dispose of trash and debris from
the MS4. The Stormwater Division will report the total number of inspected and cleaned
MS4 structures. In addition, the Stormwater Division will report the total tonnage of
disposed material.
9. The Sanitation Division will continue to perform streets sweeping activities within the
municipal limits with increased efforts directed to the Downtown business core. The
Stormwater Division will report the total number of linear miles of swept roads/streets to
DEQ.
10. Evaluate the remaining municipal facilities listed in Table 13.4 for potential creation of
full or abbreviated SWPPPs. Stormwater staff will create a priority ranking of municipal
facilities to be inspected. Next, each municipal facility will be assigned a future
inspection month and year — this task item was completed in October 2021. For FY 2022-
2023, the Field Operations Director will attempt to procure budgetary funding for SPPP
creation of identified municipal operations/facilities.
11. Perform inspections of municipal -owned facilities/operations with existing stormwater
pollution prevention plans, but have not been inspected within the past five years.
Stormwater staff should be able to inspect two municipal facilities/operations for FY
2022-2023.
45

14. MONITOR and EVALUATE STORMWATER DISCHARGES to
MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS
Obiective•
1. Evaluate pollutants in stormwater discharges to the permittee's MS4 from hazardous waste
treatment, disposal and recovery facilities, industrial facilities subject to Section 313 of
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), and
industrial facilities that the Permittee determines are contributing or having a potential to
contribute a substantial pollutant loading to the municipal storm sewer system.
14.1 BMP Summary Table
PY
PY
PY
PY
PY
RESPONSIBLE
BMP
Measurable Goals
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
POSITION/PARTY
A complete list has been
generated and updated by
the Stormwater Division.
This list consists of
industrial facilities that
are permitted as defined
Maintain an
by 40 CFR 122.26, SARA
Stormwater Inspector
a
Inventory of
Title III, Resource
x
x
x
x
x
Industrial Sites
Conservation & Recovery
Act (i.e., hazardous
waste) or identified as
having/had an illicit
discharge. The last
update was completed in
October 11, 2021.
Created and implemented
in early 2004, the
Stormwater Division has
proactively inspected
NPDES industrial
facilities. Our current
inventory prioritization is
b
Inspection Program
based upon the potential
x
x
x
x
x
Stormwater Inspector
impacts to surface waters
and the amount of times
facility has been inspected
per permit cycle.
Inspection procedures
were last modified in
November 2020.
During the on -site
inspection, the
Evaluate Industrial
Stormwater Inspector
Facilities
evaluates analytical and
C
discharging
qualitative sampling data,
x
x
x
x
x
Stormwater Inspector
stormwater to the
visual field observations
City's MS4
of the stormwater
discharge outfalls, and
BMP effectiveness.
46

Best Management Practices for the Program to Monitor and Evaluate Stormwater Discharges to
Municipal Systems:
14.1(a) Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Sites: A complete list has been created by the
Stormwater Division. This list consists of industrial facilities that are permitted as defined by
40 CFR 122.26, SARA Title III, hazardous waste facilities, or identified as having or had an
illicit discharge. The Stormwater Division updated this master list on October 11, 2021;
updating will occur semiannually. All data will be stored digitally in our database and will be
updated semiannually to maintain the most current inventory. This information can be located at
G:\Industrial Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeepin \Ig ndust_Inspect\City Industrial
Information\Industrial Master.xlsx.
14.1(b) Inspection Program: Our current techniques are based upon revised 2006 EPA inspection
methods, which include observations of effectiveness of nonstructural and structural BMPs, the
facility's stormwater collection system and stormwater discharge outfalls, site maps, and
validation of written SPPP information to actual field observations.
The City of Winston-Salem has prioritized industrial facilities within its municipal limits to be
inspected. The Stormwater Division used the following sources to generate the list:
1. EPA's Envirofacts Database for Toxic Release Inventory (SARA Title III) and RCRA
(hazardous waste treatment, disposal, and recovery) facilities (updated semiannually)
2. NC Department of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources Database (General and Individual
Permitted industrial facilities, as per 40 CFR 122.26) (updated semiannually)
3. The City of Winston-Salem Facilities' Database (municipal operations/facilities that are
permitted under 40 CFR 122.26) (updated semiannually, or as needed)
4. Illicit Discharge Reports (updated as needed and after each occurrence)
When combining the above -mentioned databases, facilities that appeared multiple times due to
their industrial activities and governmental regulations were ranked. As a result, the
Stormwater Division assigned these industrial facilities with a `high -priority' ranking due to the
elevated probability of significant adverse impact to surface waters. The Stormwater Inspector
will target these facilities for inspections; our goal is to inspect every permitted facility once
every five years.
14.1(c) Evaluate Industrial Facilities discharging stormwater to the City's MS4: During the SPPP
review, Stormwater staff evaluates first flush data regarding benchmark values from the NPDES
permit to determine to status before arrival. Once onsite for an inspection, a visual field
observation of the stormwater collection system, current and past conditions of stormwater
discharge outfalls (by means of qualitative monitoring records), and effectiveness of
nonstructural and structural BMPs are observed. If needed, Stormwater staff will request copies
of each sampling event to monitor results based upon the status of the permitted facility.
Stormwater staff will update the master list to identify if the permitted facility is located within
a TMDL watershed and/or discharges the TMDL pollutant of concern. The Stormwater
Division maintains a good working relationship with NC DEQ, Winston-Salem Regional
Office. A copy of every completed inspection and re -inspection form must be forwarded to
Levi Hiatt, Assistant Regional Engineer, who handles stormwater related duties for the
Winston-Salem Regional Office (WSRO) or the current Assistant Regional Engineer at the time
of submittal.
47

14.2 Monitor and Evaluate Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems Annual Reporting
Task Items for FY 2022— 2023:
1. Continue evaluating industrial facilities that discharge stormwater runoff to the city's MS4
for every inspection conducted. The Stormwater Division will report to DEQ the total
number of industries inspected. In addition, the number of industrial facilities that have
successfully achieved compliance by the Stormwater Inspector will be reported. This
information is located at G:\Industrial Inspection & Municipal
Goodhousekeeping\Indust_Inspect\City Industrial Information\Industrial Issues to be
Resolved.xlsx.
2. Continue using all sources to maintain the industrial facility master list and update at the
designated frequency.
3. The Stormwater Inspector will request all sampling data to be sent to the Stormwater
Division, as often as needed to determine compliance. The Stormwater Division will
report to DEQ, WSRO discrepancies in tiered responses as well as sampling frequency,
based on the received data.
4. Update semiannually the city's Industrial Facilities master database from EPA's
Envirofacts Database for Toxic Release Inventory (SARA Title III) (G:\Industrial
Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeeping\Indust_Inspect\City Industrial
Information\TRI\TRI Facilities.xlsx) and RCRA (hazardous waste treatment, disposal, and
recovery) (G:\Industrial Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeeping\Indust_Inspect\City
Industrial Information\RCRA\RCRA Facilities by Type Current.xlsx). Stormwater staff
will report to DEQ the total number of facilities inspected that fall under both RCRA and
TRI databases.
5. Update semiannually the city's Industrial Facilities master database NC DEQ Database
(General and Individual Permitted industrial facilities, as per 40 CFR 122.26)
(GAndustrial Inspection & Municipal Goodhousekeeping\Indust Inspect\City Industrial
Information\Industrial Master.xlsx)
6. Updating annually the City of Winston-Salem Facilities' Database of Municipal
Operations/Facilities that are permitted under 40 CFR 122.26. Stormwater staff will
provide a current master list of general -permitted municipal facilities/operations to DEQ
on the annual report.
7. The Stormwater Inspector will maintain and update a spreadsheet that keeps the current
number of inspections completed per a permit year. The Stormwater Inspector will send a
courtesy copy of each inspection report to the current DEQ, WSRO designated contact,
after each inspection report has been reviewed and approved.
48

15. WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT and MONITORING
Obiective:
8. Evaluate the impacts of the MS4 discharges on surface water quality.
15.1 BMPs for Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
BMP
Measurable
Goals
PY
18-19
PY
19-20
PY
20-21
PY
21-22
PY
22-23
RESPONSIBLE
POSITIONS
The Stormwater
Division has created
Stormwater Operations
Water Quality
and implemented a
Supervisor
a
Assessment and
water
ssesquality
assessment and
x
x
x
x
x
Stormwater
Monitoring Plan
monitoring plan.
Technicians
The last update was
in August 2020.
Stormwater Inspector
In April 2006, The
Water Quality
Assessment and
Stormwater Operations
Monitoring Plan was
Supervisor
created and
implemented. On
b
Water Quality
September 2020, the
x
x
x
x
x
torrnwater
Monitoring
city of Winston-
Technicians
Technicians
Salem's Water
Quality Assessment
and Monitoring Plan
Stormwater Inspector
was submitted to
DEQ on October 6,
2020.
15.1(a) Fixed Interval Stream Sampling Program: Water quality samples are collected on a
quarterly, fixed interval basis at each monitoring site — thirteen monitoring locations have been
strategically selected throughout the municipal boundaries. Samples are collected in a
composite method, except for fecal coliforms, which is a grab sample in accordance with 40
CFR 136.3. Composite samples are collected every 15 minutes in 100 milliliter aliquots for a
24 hour period. Parameters analyzed by a multiparameter meter are immediately obtained and
recorded streamside. Based on the National Sanitation Foundation's Water Quality Index,
Stormwater staff will calculate, rank, and observe water quality trends of these fixed interval
sampling sites. This can be found at the following location:
G:\Techn—Projects—Files\Water Sampling\Stormwater Sampling Databases.
15.1(a) Water Quality Monitoring Program: On a quarterly basis, we collect instantaneous results at
17 monitoring locations, which have been strategically selected throughout the municipal
boundaries of Winston Salem. The overarching goals of this monitoring program are detection
of illicit discharges/releases as well as evaluating the long-term trend analysis of baseline water
quality within non-TMDL watersheds. Samples are collected in dry and wet weather conditions
to detect point sources of illicit discharges as well as determining pollutant loading during all
weather conditions. Stormwater staff collects instantaneous water meter parameters, which
49

include ammonia (mg/L), pH (standard units), dissolved oxygen saturation percentage,
dissolved oxygen (mg/L), temperature (degrees Celsius), conductivity (microsiemens per a
centimeter), total dissolved solids (mg/L), and nitrate (mg/L). This can be found at the
following location G:\Techn_Projects_Files\Water Sampling\Stormwater Sampling Databases.
15.1(a) TMDL Monitoring Program: On a quarterly basis, Stormwater staff collects instantaneous
water quality parameters (the same parameters listed above) as well as laboratory grab samples
of fecal coliforms at 22 strategic locations throughout Brushy Fork Creek, Peters Creek, and
Salem Creek Watersheds. By collecting a large population of samples, Stormwater staff will be
able to rank impaired stream segments by fecal coliform concentrations. Once stream segments
are ranked, staff will systemically sample and identify the most impaired outfalls or subbasins
for the potential of installing stormwater control measures. The city collects samples in both
dry and wet weather conditions, since the state collected and analyzed fecal coliforms during
these conditions for TMDL development. This methodology will allow Stormwater staff to
perform comparative analyses for evaluating pollutant loading.
15.2 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Annual Report Task Items for FY 2022-2023:
1. Stormwater staff will continue to perform quarterly, fixed interval sampling at 13 locations
throughout Winston-Salem for the pollutant parameters of biological oxygen demand, total
suspended solids, total dissolved solids, turbidity, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, copper
(total and dissolved), zinc (total and dissolved), phosphorus (total and dissolved), nitrite, nitrate,
total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and fecal coliforms. Stormwater staff will submit all fixed interval
sampling data to DEQ (in tabular form).
2. Stormwater staff will continue to perform quarterly water quality monitoring at 17 locations
for the instantaneous results of ammonia, pH, and dissolved oxygen saturation percentage,
dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and nitrate. Each quarter at
least 50 percent of the instantaneous results taken will be during wet weather and the other 50
percent will be during dry weather conditions.
3. Stormwater staff will continue to perform TMDL monitoring at 22 locations for the
instantaneous parameters of ammonia, pH, and dissolved oxygen saturation percentage,
dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and nitrate.
Total suspended solids and fecal coliforms parameters are analyzed at a certified laboratory.
Each quarter, at least 50 percent of water samples will be collected during wet weather and the
other 50 percent will be collected during dry weather sampling. Stormwater staff will report all
TMDL data to DEQ.
4. Priority rankings of impaired stream segments (with any observable trends) of all fixed
interval sampling and TMDL sites will be reported to DEQ in the FY 2021-2022 annual report.
5. Stormwater staff will evaluate annual pollutant loadings of fixed interval sampling sites.
Any discernible trends or findings will be reported to DEQ.
6. Stormwater staff will calibrate and properly maintain all field instrumentation to ensure the
integrity of analyzed water quality data. Calibration and maintenance activities will occur on a
monthly frequency, in accordance with appropriate technical manuals. These logs are located at
G:\Techn_Projects_Files\YSI and Nitrate Meter Information.
7. When entering water quality data into the Stormwater Division's database, staff will employ
quality control and assurances measures to ensure data accuracy and prevent human error.
8. Stream discharge will be calculated during fixed interval sampling events. The calculated
flows will be recorded and housed at G:\Techn_Projects Files\Water Sampling\Fix Interval
Sampling, Discharge will be used to determine annual pollutant loading within local streams.
50

9. On an annual basis, Stormwater staff will evaluate the city's Water Quality Assessment and
Monitoring Plan in term of program effectiveness and submit any major changes to DEQ for
approval.
51

16. TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS (TMDLs)
Salem Creek Watershed TMDL
Ob i ectives:
1. The permittee shall determine whether the MS4 discharges to receiving waters within a
TMDL watershed and identify the pollutant(s) of concern (POC). For all TMDLs with a
NPDES MS4 regulated stormwater waste load allocation (WLA) assigned to the
permittee, the permittee shall determine whether the POC have potential to occur in MS4
stormwater discharges.
2. The permittee will utilize BMPs within the six minimum measures and the permittee's
TMDL Plan(s) to meet the permittee's assigned NPDES MS4 regulated WLA identified in
the approved TMDL to the maximum extent practical and to the extent allowable by law.
3. If subject to an approved TMDL with a NPDES MS4 regulated WLA assigned to the
permittee, the permittee will be considered in compliance with the TMDL if the permittee
complies with the conditions of this permit, including developing and implementing
appropriate BMPs within the six minimum measures to address the permittee's MS4
NPDES regulated WLA to the maximum extent practical (MEP). While improved water
quality is expected outcome, the permittee's obligation is to implement BMPs designed to
address the NPDES MS4 regulated WLA assigned to the permittee to the maximum extent
practical (MEP). The permittee is not responsible for attaining water quality standards
(WQS). The Division expects attaining WQS will only be achieved through reduction
from all point and nonpoint source contributors identified in the approved TMDL.
TMDL Plans (as it pertains to the City of Winston-Salem):
If the permittee has an existing TMDL Plan designed to address the NPDES MS4
regulated WLA assigned to the permittee, that includes monitoring to evaluate progress,
and which addresses the POC through the six minimum control measures; it satisfies the
objectives of this Section.
16.1 Salem Creek Watershed TMDL BMP S mmary Table
BMP
Measurable Goals
PY
18-19
PY
19-20
PY
20-21
PY
21-22
PY
22-23
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
A comprehensive master
plan update of Salem,
Field Operations Director
Brushy Fork, and Peters
Creek Watersheds was in
Identify,
2011. GIS data was
Describe, and
collected, which includes
a
Map Watershed,
perennial streams, major
X
Civil Engineer
Outfalls, and
stormwater outfalls, and
Streams
MS4 conveyance systems.
A revised reassessment
period should be scheduled
Contracted Consultant
during FY 2023 - 2024 for
these watersheds.
52

The city of Winston Salem
Senior Civil Engineer
has implemented 13
nonstructural BMPs and
Stormwater Operations
Evaluate
stormwater control measures
Supervisor
b
Existing
(SCMs) to reduce fecal
X
X
X
X
X
Measures
coliform pollution within the
Senior Community
Salem Creek Watershed, as
Educator
well as contributing
tributaries.
Historical water quality data
shows continual fecal
Assessment of
coliform pollution, with
Assistant Stormwater
Available
most results exceeding 400
Director
c
Monitoring
cfu/100 milliliters. The last
X
X
X
Data
basic statistical analysis of
Stormwater Operations
Salem Creek Watershed
Supervisor
TMDL data occurred in July
2021.
The Stormwater Division
performed a comprehensive
Stormwater Operations
program evaluation of its
Supervisor
TMDL monitoring plan to
d
Monitoring Plan
become more efficient and
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Engineering
effective. These improved
Technicians
screening and trending
methods were implemented
Stormwater Inspector
in July 2019.
Stormwater Operations
The Stormwater Division
Supervisor
has identified ten
Additional
nonstructural BMPs and
X
X
X
X
X
Stormwater Engineering
e
Measures
SCMs for pollutant
Technicians
reduction within the Salem
Creek Watershed.
Senior Community
Educator
Stormwater Operations
The City's Capital
Supervisor
Improvement Plan (CIP)
f
Implementation
comprises of six structural
X
X
X
X
X
Plan
SCMs/nonstructural BMPs
Stormwater Inspector
for reducing pollutant
loadings.
Stormwater Engineering
Technicians
The Stormwater Division
Stormwater Operations
uses Excel and geodatabases
Supervisor
to track and report
completed work items,
which are directly based on
Stormwater Engineering
Incremental
the six minimum measures.
Technicians
g
Success
Stormwater staff anticipates
X
X
X
X
X
that once a critical number
of measures has been
Stormwater Inspector
implemented, instream
monitoring will show a
decreasing pollutant trend
Assistant Stormwater
line.
Director
53

The Stormwater Division
will furnish all completed,
supporting documentation to
DEQ. This documentation
Assistant Stormwater
will include all monitoring
Director
h
Reporting
and workload data as well as
X
X
X
X
X
any observable trends and/or
water quality assessments.
Stormwater Operations
The Stormwater Division's
Supervisor
annual report will serve as
the reporting mechanism to
DE .
16.1(a) Identify, Describe, and Map Watershed, Outfalls, and Streams: The City of Winston-Salem
has completed comprehensive watershed masterplan updates of Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters
Creek Watersheds in 2011. GIS data was collected for these TMDL watersheds; survey -grade
stormwater MS4 attribute data (e.g., structure type and elevation, pipe diameter and material,
etc.) is collected by a contracted North Carolina Registered Surveyor. A consultant, HDR
Engineering, performs QA/QC measures on the survey data, extrapolates pipe elevations to
integrate flow directional trajectories for tracking IDDE discharges, and then, delivers a
complete geodatabase to the Stormwater Division. During this inventory scan, the surveyor and
HDR staff collects major discharge outfall (SDO) and stream data. If HDR staff encounters any
dry weather flows at major SDOs, the Stormwater Division is notified, and staff evaluates the
unidentified flow for pollutants. If pollutants are detected, Stormwater staff tracks and
eliminates the illicit source. In addition, the Stormwater Division received hydraulic and
hydrological modeling data as well as pollutant loading data for future SCM implementation
projects. A revised reassessment date for these watersheds has been tentatively scheduled for
FY 2023 - 2024.
16.1(b) Existing Measures: The city of Winston-Salem has implemented various stormwater control
measures (SCMs) and nonstructural BMPs in order to reduce fecal coliform loading within the
Salem Creek Watershed. During FY 2022-2023, the Stormwater Division continued to
maintain these programmatic SCMsBMPs:
Existing Measures
Status
Explanation to Reduce Pollutant of
Concern
Utilities Construction & Maintenance
80 percent of the City's sewer collection
Division
system uses gravity for transporting sewage
*Pipe Bursting and Slipping Program
to the POTW. As a result, significant
*Lift Station Repair and Rehabilitation
100 percent complete;
portions of sewer truck lines are positioned
Program
on -going operation
adjacent to streams. Targeted rehabilitation
* Flood Reduction Projects —Inflow and
projects will be prioritized based upon
Infiltration
constitutes of SSOs, such as grease, roots,
and infrastructure age.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
By proactively finding sanitary sewer
Program (IDDE) - the Stormwater Division
overflows (SSOs) and reducing the quantity
performs stream sampling at 39 designated
of sewage, the amount of fecal coliform
locations throughout Winston-Salem on a
100 percent complete
pollution is minimized. As a result, the
quarterly frequency. Of the 39 total
with on -going
regeneration of fecal coliform bacteria
locations, 22 sites are strategically situated in
programmatic, permit
within the stream matrix is reduced, which
facilitates the recovery of the biotic
Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
activities
ecosystem at a more rapid rate.
Watersheds.
54

Stream Walking (IDDE Program
By proactively fmding and eliminating
Component) —For PY 2021-2022, the
Component)
Division has contracted he
StormwaterEngineering
100 percent complete
illicit sewer discharges and connections,
to perform stream -walking
with on -going
staff reduces the quantity of sewage
within designated, impaired waterways.
programmatic, permit
released to surface waters. As a result, the
SDO dry weather flows are referred to
activities
total amount of released fecal coliform
Stormwater staff for further investigation.
pollution is reduced.
Public Education — Scoop -the -Poop
By making pet owners aware of the
campaign for fecal coliform reduction. The
detriment of fecal coliform pollution, the
public educator highlights the detriments of
100 percent complete;
Stormwater Division wishes to facilitate a
fecal coliform pollution within a riverine
ecosystem as well as `factoids' of feces (e.g.,
on -going permit
behavioral change in citizens. If citizens
the amount of fecal coliform bacteria per a
activities
remove feces from the open environment,
gram of fecal matter, the average weight of a
the exposure of fecal coliform bacteria to
do 's bowel movement, etc.
stormwater runoff has been eliminated.
Pet Waste Stations - the Senior Community
Stations provide ease of access for pet
Educator has identified pet waste collection
owners to discard fecal waste and remove
stations within green spaces throughout
from the open environment. To encourage
Winston-Salem, including the downtown
100 percent complete;
participation, the City furnishes waste bags
area. 35 of these 48 pet waste stations are in
continuous operation
to the public, which are positioned on top of
the Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
the waste reticle. By eliminating the
Watersheds.
exposure of fecal matter to the runoff,
bacteria are not discharged into waterways
Pet Waste Ordinance — the City of
By requiring pet owners to pick up fecal
Winston-Salem has a forcible ordinance that
100 percent complete;
matter from their pets, the exposure of
requires pet owners to pick up fecal matter
continuous operation
stormwater runoff to fecal coliforms has
within its municipal boundaries.
been eliminated, thus reducing the fecal
pollution load to receiving waters.
Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance
Fecal coliforms are transported to receiving
- the City of Winston-Salem continues to
waters by soil particles. In addition, fecal
enforce its Sediment and Erosion Control
coliform bacteria become resuspended once
Ordinance, as per the 1973 Sedimentation
100 percent complete;
discharged into the water matrix. As asult,
Control Act. Erosion control devices must
continuous operation
result,fecal coliform bacteria proliferate at
increased rate and degrade surface waters
an
be installed and maintained for disturbed
more rapidly. Thus, a decreased sediment
areas greater than 20,000 for SFD/10,000
load yields reduced fecal coliforms to
commercial square feet to retain soils on -site.
receiving waters.
SUSTAIN Modeling Study — HDR
Engineering preformed an EPA SUSTAIN
Based upon screening criteria, the
model for the Salem Creek Watershed.
consultant determined that eleven sites
Eleven SCMs were identified for potential
could be retrofitted or installed for
installation or retrofit opportunities.
100 percent complete
bioretention cells or stormwater wet ponds.
Washington Dog Park is the top prioritized
The modeling results showed that these
water quality CIP — this project was
eleven sites might produce a 1.9 percent
completed in late 2019.
reduction of fecal coliform pollution. The
associated costs would total $15,113,135.
55

City Yard, Field Operations assesses and
prioritizes earthen conveyance swales for
ribbed and paved roadways. A private
Ditch Repair and Stabilization Program —
percent complete;
contractor restores channel capacity to the
the Streets Division hires a private contractor
on tinuous oeration
continuous
ditch by removing trash, sediment, or
to repair and stabilize ditches within the
excessive vegetation. If needed, the
public right-of-way.
contractor reestablishes vegetative cover
within the ditch line to eliminate
sedimentation to receiving waters.
The City of Winston-
Salem offers its citizens
70/30 Cost Share Drainage Improvement
a cost share program for
Projects on Private Property — the city of
public assistance to
The Stormwater staff offers advice to
Winston Salem participates in repairing
mitigate drainage issues
residential property owners regarding
private drainage conveyances, structures, or
on private property.
stream stabilization techniques and
channels. The City pays 70 percent of total
One of the project
practices to reduce erosion.
costs - the private party pays the remaining
qualifying criteria is
30 percent.
severe erosion of
earthen conveyances or
stream banks.
Fats, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Reduction
Grease and oil are the second -leading cause
Program — the City/County Utilities
of sewer overflows that reach surface waters
Division has adopted and implemented a
within the City of Winston-Salem. By
FOG Reduction Program to remove excess
percent complete;
requiring grease/oil interceptors to be
cooking and petroleum oils and grease prior
continuous operation
o
continuous
properly maintained, these passive devices
to entering the sewer collection system.
can effectively retain grease from entering
Responsible parties must have their
the sewer collective system. As a result, the
grease/oil separators pumped out by licensed
quantity of released sewage (and fecal
haulers at scheduled frequencies.
coliforms) is reduced to streams.
Washington Dog Park — a bioretention cell
100 percent complete
The Washington Dog Park is located within
will receive the first inch of stormwater
and in continuous
75 feet of Salem Creek's top of bank. The
runoff from the upland drainage area. Storm
operation. SCM has
park is the only and most heavily used dog
flows greater than the first inch will be
diverted to Salem Creek. Vegetative
been designated for first
recreational area within Winston-Salem. A
Management and Streets Drainage Divisions
year inspection with
pet waste receptacle is positioned at the
will perform routine maintenance on the sand
possible maintenance
park's only access point.
filter.
activities.
The wetland receives stormwater runoff
Blum Park Wetland — a stormwater
from a drainage area of 168 acres, which is
wetland, within the Upper Peters Creek
100 percent complete
very diverse in upland land usage. Land
Watershed, that was constructed and placed
and in continuous
uses of the drainage basin include light
on-line during PY 2015 - 2016. This 1.3-
operation. SCM has
industrial, commercial business,
acre wetland was designed to receive the first
been designated for
institutional, and high density residential.
inch of rainfall from the upland drainage
inspection and
These land uses have potential to export
area; this wetland serves as a focal point for
maintenance activities.
nutrients, fecal coliforms, thermal, and
the surrounding neighborhood.
metal pollutants, thus validating the need
for this SCM.
56

16.1(c) Assessment of Available TMDL Monitoring Data: The Stormwater Division performed a
programmatic review of its TMDL Sampling Plan in September 2019. One of the salient points
of the review included the lack of a substantial fecal coliform data population. As a result, the
Stormwater Division designated 22 in -stream monitoring locations throughout Salem, Peters,
and Brushy Fork Watersheds. Stormwater staff collects water quality samples on a quarterly
basis; as more data becomes available, Stormwater staff will perform basic statistical analyses
to rank the stream segments by the level of impairment (i.e., the higher the geometric mean at
the sampling location, the more level of pollutant loading). Stormwater staff calculated the
geometric mean (expressed in units of cfu/100 mL) for the 22 TMDL sites and created a priority
ranking, based upon the most polluted stream segments. As more data becomes available,
Stormwater staff will perform basic statistical analyses to rank the stream segments by the level
of impairment (i.e., the higher the geometric mean at the sampling location, the increased level
of pollutant loading).
16.1(d) TMDL Monitoring Program: On a quarterly basis, Stormwater staff collects instantaneous
water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen - concentration and percent saturation, total
dissolved solids, conductivity, temperature, pH, nitrate, and ammonia) as well as certified
laboratory results of fecal coliforms at 22 strategic locations throughout Brushy Fork Creek,
Peters Creek, and Salem Creek Watersheds. By collecting a large population of samples,
Stormwater staff will be able to rank impaired stream segments by fecal coliform
concentrations. Once stream segments are ranked, staff will systemically sample and identify
the most impaired outfalls or subbasins for the potential of installing stormwater control
measures. The city collects samples in both dry and wet weather conditions, since the state
collected and analyzed fecal coliforms during these conditions for TMDL development. This
methodology will allow Stormwater staff to perform comparative analyses for evaluating
pollutant loading.
16.1(e) Additional Measures: The city of Winston-Salem anticipates the implementation of numerous
nonstructural BMPs in order to expand current pollutant reduction strategies within the Salem
Creek Watersheds. By expanding current BMP strategies to the maximum extent practical, the
City hopes to benefit from synergic pollutant reductions within the targeted watershed. The
following matrix presents expanded measures (with corresponding explanations) to reduce fecal
coliform loadings within the Salem Creek Watershed:
Additional Measures
Explanation of Designed Measures to Achieve
MS4's NPDES WLA to the MEP
Responsible Staff for
Implementation
By evaluating current business practices, the
Perform Goodhousekeeping
Stormwater Division wishes to provide local
Awareness Education with
shelters with new or modified cleaning methods to
Senior Community Educator
local Animal Shelters
prevent or eliminate fecal coliform exposure to the
open environment.
57

Perform a collaborated
awareness program with the
city's Parks and Recreation for
The Stormwater Division wishes citizens to have a
signage and pet waste
heightened awareness of the detrimental effects of
collection stations at
bacterial pollution to receiving waters. Thus, the
Senior Community Educator
frequently used municipally
overarching goal of this measure is to highlight the
owned areas. In addition, a
importance of collecting pet waste and eliminating
stormwater representative will
the exposure of fecal coliforms to runoff.
perform on -site educational
presentations with park users.
Facilitate a private -public
By having readily access to disposal bins, the
partnership for pet waste
receptacle placement in
Stormwater Division anticipates targeted residents
Senior Community Educator
common areas of high -density
to use waste stations rather than leaving fecal
residential housing.
matter on the ground.
Evaluate municipal operations
The goal of this measure entails the modification
and facilities (e.g., Winston
of work practices to eliminate fecal coliform
Stormwater Inspector
Golf Course, City Yard
Dewatering Facility, etc.) for
exposure to the environment. By eliminating fecal
opportunities of fecal coliform
coliform exposure, the overall waste load
Other City Divisions
reduction.
allocation is reduced.
Forsyth County Department of
Explore new methodologies of
By utilizing GIS tools in conjunction with issued
Health
locating and removing failing
septic tank permits, the Stormwater Division
septic tank systems from
anticipates being able to proactively locate
Stormwater Operations
discharging
discharging into receiving
potential `hot spots' of septic tank failures.
Supervisor
Stormwater Technicians
By validating fecal coliform pollutant
Perform water quality
concentrations, the Stormwater Division can
Stormwater Technicians
sampling from municipally
justify and prioritize capital improvement funds
owned properties SDOs that
for structural control measure expenditures. The
Stormwater Inspector
have a great potential to
Stormwater Division can maximize the pollutant
discharge fecal coliforms.
removal efficiency per dollars spent. An overall
Stormwater Operations
reduction to the City's WLA is expected from
Supervisor
im leme ing structural control measures.
Explore the potential to
Due to the nature of some municipal operations,
Stormwater Inspector
perform street sweeping
fecal coliform bacteria have the potential to be
activities in potential `hot
discharged into receiving streams. By
Other City Divisions
spot' areas within impaired
commencing street sweeping activities at these
watersheds that focuses on
selected areas, the city will eliminate or mitigate
Field Operations Director
fecal coliform reduction.
pollutant loading to surface waters.
Aging infrastructure creates conditions that permit
Continued rehabilitation of
fecal coliform pollution to persist, which include
Utilities Construction &
infrastructure collection
hydraulic overloading, sedimentation due to
Maintenance Division
systems (sanitary sewer and
structural failures, and riverine flooding.
stormwater) for continuous
Rehabilitation improvement projects will reduce
and effective operation.
fecal coliform loading by eliminating failure
Field Operations, City Yard
causes.
58

16.1(f) Implementation Plan: The city of Winston-Salem plans to implement the following structural
and nonstructural BMPs in order to reduce fecal coliform pollution within the Salem Creek
Watershed, in accordance with permit requirements.
Structural/Nonstructural Control
Measures
Explanation of Desired Outcomes
Status and Schedule
The three sand filters were
inspected by the Stormwater
Engineer in November 2021 — all
Sanitation Collection Truck
These SCMs are designed to infiltrate
three sand filters have failed and
require extensive maintenance
Storage Yard — stormwater runoff is
stormwater runoff through an engineered sand
activities to return to a properfunctional
conveyed from Sanitation's garbage
media to facilitate pathogen die -off, thus,
condition. Funds will
truck storage lot into three sand filters
reducing fecal coliform loading to Brushy
need to be encumbered for
for infiltration treatment.
Fork Creek.
rehabilitation services.
Stormwater staff anticipates
securing needed funds in FY
2022-2023.
TMDL Monitoring Plan — a
program evaluation was performed by
staff, which revealed several
By incorporating new procedures into its
New sampling procedures have
information gaps within the
Monitoring Plan, the Stormwater Division will
been finalized with Stormwater
monitoring plan. To devise a clearer
be able to prioritize drainage areas for
staff with training completed
and effective strategic TMDL
stormwater management controls. In addition,
regarding program amendments.
masterplan, the Stormwater Division
Stormwater staff becomes able to determine
The new sampling procedures
has implemented more sampling
the appropriate nonstructural/structural control
were implemented in September
locations to identify fecal coliform
measures for implementation.
2019.
sources from contributing drainage
areas.
The masterplan serves as a long-term strategic
Salem Creek Structural Control
blueprint to achieving the MS4's waste load
This SCM masterplan was
Masterplan — a consultant performed
allocation. By strategically placing structural
completed and delivered to the
an assessment of the Salem Creek
control measures on sites with high pollutant
Stormwater Division in July of
Watershed to generate a prospective
loadings, the Stormwater Division can validate
2013. The first water quality
list of sites for SCM placement.
the cost-effectiveness and removal efficiency
project, Washington Dog Park
Once identified, computer modeling
to the public, elected officials, and the City
Sand Filter, was completed and
was used to develop a priority
Manager's Office. In addition, the Stormwater
operational in January 2020. 15
ranking system for SCM type, size,
Division may develop a long-term capital
sites are remaining for SCM
and projected costs.
improvement project performa spending plan
retrofit/installation opportunities.
for Council's approval.
The leachate from street sweeping and MS4
City Yard Dewatering Facility — as
cleaning activities is elevated in nutrients,
a byproduct of street sweeping and
metals, BOD, and fecal coliform pollutants.
This capital improvement project
MS4 cleaning operations, the
By placing dewatering operations under roof,
is estimated to cost
collected debris, trash, and particulate
and discharging leachate to the sanitary sewer,
approximately $300,000 with a
matter must be dewatered prior to
the exposure of these pollutants to the open
projected completion date of
disposal at the appropriate, licensed
environment will be eliminated. The City
December 2023.
landfill.
Yard Dewatering Facility will be constructed
in the Salem Creek Watershed, where current
dewatering operations reside.
59

16.1(g) Incremental Success: The Stormwater Division utilizes various mechanisms to document,
analyze, and report incremental successes to achieve WLA reduction. The methodology used
for documenting measure success (and ultimately, wasteload reduction) depends on measure
type (i.e. nonstructural and structural). However, the Stormwater Division has proposed the
below -posted means for validating pollutant reduction loading to the effectiveness of
implemented control measures. These methods include:
• Perform water quality sampling for targeted pollutants at the inlet and outlet points of a
SCM during the first flush portion of a storm event. Once a SCM is constructed and
operational, Stormwater staff will perform, at a minimum, one confirmation sampling
event, to validate pollutant reduction. The pollutant removal efficiency will be recorded
on a spreadsheet; an annual pollutant reduction will be extrapolated for the SCM.
• Continue to submit completed workload data and programmatic task items to DEQ via the
Annual Report.
• Long-term, in -stream pollutant data will need to be collected, at designated sampling
locations, to observe pollutant deductions in wasteload allocation reductions within
subwatersheds. Due to the dynamic nature of biological ecosystems as well as the large
percentage of pollutant reduction required, the Stormwater Division needs a substantial
data population to observe percent reductions. As the number of SCMs/BMPs increases
within a subwatershed, the Stormwater Division anticipates that the observable, pollutant
trend line should decrease.
• Whenever possible, use scientific journal articles (or similar professionally peer -reviewed
literature), quality controlled/assured laboratory analyses (from a North Carolina certified
laboratory), or professional engineered -sealed material when validating reduction
methodologies for this TMDL Implementation Plan. Any best professional assumptions
must be qualified with footnotes within supporting documents.
16.1(h) Annual Reporting: In order to evaluate program effectiveness, the Stormwater Division will
submit the following documentation to show fecal coliform reduction within the Salem Creek
Watershed. These annual assessment results will be submitted to DEQ via the annual report.
This documentation includes:
• Spreadsheet data of fecal coliform concentrations from all 22 TMDL sampling locations
as well as a priority ranking of impaired stream segments, based on annual geometric
mean.
• Basic statistical data analysis for Salem Creek based on the annual geometric mean, from
Fall 2019 to Summer 2021.
• Completed programmatic tasks and workload data that bolster pollutant reduction
activities within the Salem Creek Watershed (and contributing tributaries).
• Status updates of proposed/completed SCM capital improvement projects/nonstructural
BMPs within the Salem Creek Watershed (and contributing tributaries).
M

16.2 Salem Creek Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Annual Report Task Items for FY 2022-
2023:
1. Record the total distance (in linear feet) of restored drainage ditches within the Salem Creek
Watershed (and contributing tributaries) for total suspended solid reduction.
2. Review the city's street sweeping operations and explore that potential to increase the area (or
distance) swept within the Downtown Business District as well as additional municipal facilities.
Stormwater staff will report the total number of linear miles swept to DEQ.
3. During TMDL sampling, instantaneous results of ammonia, pH, and dissolved oxygen percent
saturation, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and
nitrate are collected. This data will be provided for DEQ. This information is located at
G:\Techn_Projects_Files\Water Sampling\Stormwater Sampling Databases\Current
4. Perform IDDE response procedures within the impaired Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
Watersheds to permanently eliminate pollutant sources, remove illicit connections, and to identify
sanitary sewer overflows. The Stormwater Division will report the total number of linear feet of
walked streams within the Salem Creek Watershed (and contributing tributaries) to DEQ. In
addition, Stormwater will report the total number of discovered sanitary sewer overflows, the
number of illicit discharge responses and corresponding issued NOVs within the Salem Creek
Watershed to DEQ.
Submit a spreadsheet data of fecal coliform concentrations from all 22 TMDL sampling locations
as well as a priority ranking of impaired stream segments, based on annual geometric mean, to
DEQ.
6. Submit all completed programmatic tasks and workload data that bolster pollutant reduction
activities within the Salem Creek Watershed (and contributing tributaries) to DEQ.
7. Status updates of proposed/completed SCM capital improvement projects/nonstructural BMPs
within the Salem Creek Watershed (and contributing tributaries) to DEQ.
8. Stormwater staff calculated the geometric mean (expressed in units of cfu/100 mL) for the 13
fixed interval sampling sites, based upon the most polluted stream segments for fecal coliforms.
The top three polluted stream segments (during dry weather conditions) are Mill Creek at
Shattalon Drive (4,970), Peters Creek Peters Creek at the Antique Dealership (3,054), and Brushy
Fork Creek (890) at Reynolds Park Road. No water samples were obtained during wet weather
conditions due to an overabundance of divisional workload. When evaluating concentrations for
the past two permit years, Stormwater staff observed that two of the three sites, Peters Creek at
the Antique Dealership and Brushy Fork Creek at Reynolds Park Road are the most polluted
for fecal coliforms (during dry weather conditions). As of September 2022, HDR Engineering is
performing stream reconnaissance activities of Peters Creek — from Hanes Park to the Antique
Dealership. Once Stormwater staff receives reconnaissance survey results, staff will review and
evaluate all fecal coliform sources for appropriate mitigation measures. For PY 2022-2023,
Stormwater staff will focus investigative efforts within Brushy Fork Creek from Old
Greensboro Road to Reynolds Park Road.
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16.3 Muddy Creek Watershed TMDL
In November 2011, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR)
issued a final report for turbidity impairment of the Muddy Creek Watershed. The Muddy Creek TMDL
designates the City of Winston-Salem's MS4 as a significant contributor of turbidity (i.e. total suspended
solids) pollution. A waste load allocation (WLA) was not assigned to the City's NPDES permit;
however, total suspended solids loading (ton per a day) must be reduced by 58 percent. In accordance
with its NPDES permit, the city must evaluate strategies and adapt BMPs to reduce TSS loading within
the Muddy Creek Watershed.
The Stormwater Division performed a BMP assessment and selected appropriate reduction strategies to
mitigate TSS pollution. These selected BMPs are posted in the below table.
16.4 Muddy Creek Watershed TMDL BMP Summary Table
Selected BMP Strategies
Explanation of Desired Outcomes
Inspection Regime for permitted Construction
Muddy Creek Watershed is experiencing an influx of construction
Sites — In order to ensure off -site sedimentation
activities due to land availability and improving economic
does not occur, Erosion Control staff performs
conditions. Erosion Control staff inspect and maintain site
routine field inspections for site compliance.
measures. As a result, the Erosion Control Division anticipates a
reduction of off -site sedimentation.
A consultant has completed a comprehensive watershed masterplan
Comprehensive Watershed Masterplan Update —
of the Muddy Creek Watershed in 2017. This masterplan evaluated
The Stormwater Division contracted HDR
numerous TSS exportation sources, such as stream bank erosion,
Engineering to inventory, assess, and model the
compromised infrastructure and outfalls, and potential areas of
Muddy Creek Watershed.
future development. This tool guides staff to assess, prioritize, and
repair identified projects, thus ultimately removing sedimentation
sources.
Industrial Inspection Program - In accordance
The city of Winston-Salem has 90 state -permitted facilities within its
with NPDES requirements, Stormwater staff
municipal boundaries. Many of these facilities must monitor TSS
performs facility inspections to eliminate pollutant
concentrations within their stormwater discharge. If benchmark
loadings to the MS4 or local streams.
values are exceeded, the permitted facility must implement
additional BMPs to reduce TSS loading.
Municipal Goodhousekeeping Inspection
Program — In accordance with NPDES
requirements, Stormwater staff performs municipal
Stormwater staff assesses municipal operations for reducing or
facility/operations audits to eliminate pollutant
eliminating TSS pollutant loadings to the MS4/receiving waters.
loadings to the MS4 or local streams.
70/30 Cost Share Drainage Improvement
Projects on Private Property — the City of
The city of Winston-Salem offers its citizens a cost -share program
Winston Salem participates in repairing private
for public assistance to mitigate drainage issues on private property.
drainage conveyances, structures, or channels. The
One of the project qualifying criteria is severe erosion of earthen
City pays 70 percent of total costs; the private party
conveyances or stream banks; erosion is a sediment -gain source to
pays the remaining 30 percent.
receiving waters.
Field Operations assesses and prioritizes earthen conveyance swales
Ditch Repair and Stabilization Program — the
that serve as drainage for ribbed and paved roadways. A private
Streets Division hires a private contractor to repair
contractor restores channel capacity to the ditch by removing trash,
and stabilize ditches within the public right-of-way.
sediment, or excessive vegetation. If needed, the contractor
reestablishes vegetative cover within the ditch line in order to
eliminate offsite sedimentation to receiving waters.
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Fixed Interval Monitoring Sites — the Stormwater
By collecting and evaluating TSS concentrations at the lower drain
Division samples 13 fixed interval locations, which
point from each major watershed (or subwatershed); Stormwater
are placed the bottom of each watershed (or major
subwatershed) to observe the accumulated effects
staff will be able to determine the most sediment -laden waterways.
sediment sources. Total suspended solid (TSS)
A ranking of most impaired streams will be developed, and then
samples are collected during dry and wet weather
staff can commence up -gradient stream sampling of the most
conditions, so staff can determine the most
impaired segments. Lastly, Stormwater staff should be able to
sediment -laden waterways within the city of
isolate sediment sources within subbasins for placement of
Winston-Salem.
appropriate stormwater control measures.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Staff has created a comprehensive, watershed -specific library of
Program (IDDE) - the Stormwater Division
pollutant parameters, based upon historical laboratory data. For
performs stream sampling at 39 designated
locations throughout Winston-Salem on a quarterly
Muddy Creek Watershed, staff will commence an illicit discharge
frequency. Stormwater staff monitors for any
investigation, if total dissolved solids (a pollutant parameter
detectable illicit discharges, which includes
surrogate) exceed 400 mg/L or visible sediment sources (during dry
sediment sources.
weather conditions).
Public Education and Outreach Activities of TSS
Pollution?
16.5 Muddy Creek Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Annual Report Task Items for FY 2021-
2022
The Stormwater Division will report the total number of inspected (and reinspected) active
construction sites to DEQ. In addition, the number of issued Notice of Violations (and
successfully resolved) for offsite sedimentation in Muddy Creek Watershed will be reported to
DEQ.
2. Stormwater staff will review HDR Engineering's field assessments of Muddy Creek and develop
a prioritization plan for potential projects. A targeted sediment source, destabilized streambanks,
is potential candidate for project consideration.
3. The Stormwater Inspector will prioritize industrial inspections within the Muddy Creek
Watershed that perform analytical monitoring for total suspended solids (TSS). Stormwater staff
will report the total number of completed industrial inspections within the Muddy Creek
Watershed to DEQ.
4. The Stormwater Inspector will inspect municipal operations/facilities within the Muddy Creek
Watershed that have the potential to export TSS to the MS4 or receiving waters. Stormwater staff
will report the total number of completed municipal inspections within the Muddy Creek
Watershed to DEQ.
The Stormwater Division will record the total distance of restored private property ditches, in
accordance with implemented 70/30 cost -share improvement projects.
6. The Stormwater Division will report the total linear feet of stabilized ditches within the city of
Winston-Salem to DEQ.
7. The Stormwater Division will report the total linear miles of street sweeping activities for public
roadways within the city of Winston-Salem to DEQ.
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8. Stormwater staff will report the number of detected or responded illicit discharges (and
successfully resolved) within the Muddy Creek Watershed to DEQ.
9. Stormwater staff calculated the arithmetic mean (expressed in units of milligrams per a liter) for
13 fixed interval sampling sites and created a priority ranking, based upon the most polluted
stream segments. The top three polluted stream segments (during dry weather conditions) are
Salem Creek at Fraternity Church Road (20.8 mg/L), Lower South Fork Creek at Ebert Road
(11.5 mg/L), and Muddy Creek at Frye Bridge Road (10.3 mg/L). No water samples were
obtained during wet weather conditions due to an overabundance of divisional workload. When
evaluating TSS concentrations for the past two permit years, Stormwater staff observed that two
of the three sites, Lower South Fork at Ebert Road, and Muddy Creek at Frye Bridge Road,
are the most polluted for suspended solids. For PY 2022-2023, Stormwater staff will focus
investigative efforts within these two stream segments for identification of sediment -laden
sources.
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APPENDIX
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Appendix A
Field Operations Department
Stormwater and Erosion Control Divisions
Keith Huff
Field Operations Director
Organizational Chart
Andy Allen
Assistant Stormwater
Director
Vacant
Stormwater Operations
Analyst
Todd Love
Sr. Civil Engineer
Joe Fogarty
Stormwater Engineer
Neil Uldrick
Civil Engineer
Vicki Pigg
Stormwater Operations
Analyst
Andy Szabat
Senior Community
Educator
Ladonta Clark
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
Matt Osborne
Erosion Control/Floodplain
Manager
Vacant
Stormwater Inspector
Robert Dockery
Stormwater Technician
Nicholas Hole
Stormwater Technician
Kent Wall
Erosion Control Inspector
David Evans
Erosion Control Inspector
Wesley Williams
Erosion Control Inspector
Ronnie Holbrook
Erosion Control Inspector
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