NCS000247_Winston-Salem 2019 Annual Report_20191030

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City of Winston-Salem
Traffic Field Operations Department
Stormwater & Erosion Control Division
Permit Number: NCS000247

FY 2018 – 2019, Year #1 of Permit

October 2019
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Table of Contents
SECTION 1: Stormwater Management Program Overview …………………………………….4

SECTION 2: Storm Sewer System Information………………………………………………....7

SECTION 3: Receiving Streams…………………………………………………………………9

SECTION 4: Existing Water Quality Programs………………………………………………...11

SECTION 5: Permitting Information ……………………….......................................................12

SECTION 6: Co-Permitting Information………………………………………………………..14

SECTION 7: Reliance on other Governmental Entities……………………………....................14

SECTION 8: Public Education and Outreach…………………………………………………...14

SECTION 9: Public Involvement and Participation…………………………………………….19

SECTION 10: Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination………………………………….…..22

SECTION 11: Construction Site Runoff Controls…………………………………………….... 24

SECTION 12: Post-Construction Site Runoff Controls……………………………………….....28

SECTION 13: Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations… …....33

SECTION 14: Monitor and Evaluate Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems…………...39

SECTION 15: Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring……………………………………....41

SECTION 16: Total Maximum Daily Loads……………………………………………………..42

APPENDICES:

Appendix A - Organizational Chart of Staff Responsible for NPDES Permit

Appendix B - Total Quantities of Recycled Materials for FY 2018 -2019

Appendix C - NPDES Industrial & Municipal Good Housekeeping Inspections for FY 2018 -2019

Appendix D - Map of Fixed Interval Water Quality Monitoring Locations

Appendix E – Map of Stream Segments Walked during FY 2018 -2019

Appendix F – Fixed Interval Data for FY 2018 - 2019

Appendix G – TMDL Data for FY 2018 - 2019

Appendix H – Five-year Capital Improvement Project List for FYs 2019 – 2024
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1. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW

MISSION STATEMENT

The mission of Stormwater Management is to restore, protect, and preserve the surface waters within the
City of Winston-Salem and to maintain, repair, map, and evaluate drainage systems within the street right-
of-ways.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

Stormwater Monitoring and Administration: Manages the day-to-day operations of the Stormwater
Management Program. Implements the requirements of the City’s Municipal Separate Storm Sewer
System (MS4) permit. Performs watershed master planning by developing maps and inventories of the
entire drainage system within the City. Monitors stormwater run-off as part of the program’s efforts to
improve water quality. Provides educational programming to increase public awareness of water quality
issues.

Drainage Maintenance: Repairs, replaces, and upgrades the City’s drainage system within street right-
of-ways. Provides for drainage system repairs on private property through the 70/30 program in which
the City covers 70% of the cost for qualified projects. Removes debris from culverts and bridge abutments
with many streams and creeks.

Erosion Control: Provides for the enforcement of regulations pertaining to land-disturbing activity,
watershed and floodplain requirements by reviewing development plans and issuing grading permits for
all commercial and multi-family sites over 10,000 square feet in all areas of Forsyth County, excluding
Kernersville. Monitors single family construction sites to ensure that sediment is controlled. Identifies
tree save and potential critical areas, controls sedimentation, and limits the time of exposure on all
applicable construction sites through plan review and field inspection. Maintains up-to-date floodway
district maps to enforce floodway and floodway fringe regulations contained in the Unified Development
Ordinance. Reviews survey and plan information and conducts field inspections to ensure that permitted
structures comply with floodplain regulations. Enforces watershed regulations for density and impervious
coverage on developed properties.

Street Sweeping: Regenerative street sweepers are used year-around to remove litter, debris, and sediment
from roads. Sweeping protects water quality by preventing materials from entering the storm drains. All
debris swept is disposed of in the sanitary landfill.

EXPENDITURES AND REVENUES SUMMARY
EXPENDITURES BY PROGRAM Actual Budget Adopted Percent
Monitoring and Administration FY 17-18 FY 18-19 FY 19-20 Change
Administration $3,037,661 $3,169,560 $3,335,450 5.2%
Water Quality Monitoring 970,566 1,169,470 1,293,820 10.6%
Support for Seasonal Leaf Collection 1,808,857 1,813,920 1,867,520 3.0%
Subtotal $5,817,084 $6,152,950 $6,496,790 5.6%

Drainage Maintenance $3,162,238 $3,588,830 $3,643,440 1.5%
Erosion Control 365,554 379,130 383,690 1.2%
Street Sweeping 177,497 418,180 411,810 -1.5%

Total Expenditures by Program $9,522,373 $10,539,090 $10,935,730 3.8%
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RESOURCES BY TYPE Actual Budget Adopted Percent
Stormwater Fees: FY 17-18 FY 18-19 FY 19-20 Change
Residential $4,213,585 $4,250,000 $4,250,000 0%
Non-Residential 6,019,253 5,950,000 5,950,000 0%
Replacement Fee 71,420 60,000 60,000 0%
Miscellaneous Revenues 24,674 14,000 14,000 0%
Interest Income 1,271,066 0 0 N/A
Interfund Charges 379,641 0 0 N/A
Forsyth County 71,447 106,820 109,350 2.4%
Erosion Control Revenues 230,904 173,600 173,600 0%
Fund Balance Appropriation 0 0 378,780 N/A

Total Resources by Type $12,281,989 $10,554,420 $10,935,730 3.6%

Addition to Fund Balance $2,759,616 $15,330 $0 -100.0%

POSITION SUMMARY
Amended Amended Adopted
POSITIONS FY 17-18 FY 18-19 FY 19-20 Change
Full-Time 56 56 56 0

PERFORMANCE MEADSURES AND SERVICE TRENDS
Actual
FY 17-18
Estimated
FY 18-19
Projected
FY 19-20
Effectiveness
Respond to 100% of illicit discharge complaints by citizens within 24
hours 100% 100% 100%
Complete 100% of compliance schedules for water quality resolutions
within 30 days 100% 100% 100%
Complete 100% of plan reviews within 10 days of receipt 100% 100% 100%
Provide 30 federally required educational programs a year 54 30 45
Ensure 100% of stormwater devices are built in accordance with
approved plans 100% 100% 100%
Complete 90% of erosion control initial reviews within 10 days for
development projects 100% 100% 100%
Keep 80% of active development sites in compliance (when inspected) 86% 83% 84%

BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS

FY 2018-19 Year-End Outlook
- The following table provides estimated year-end revenues and expenditures for Stormwater
Management operations. Capital project revenues and expenditures are not included.

BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS - Continued

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Budgeted Estimated
FY 18-19 FY 18-19
Operating Revenues $10,554,420 $10,831,183
Operating Expenditures (6,797,400) (5,825,829)
Operating Income $3,757,020 $5,005,354
Debt and Lease Expense (1,704,920) (1,641,449)
Transfer to General Fund (1,823,120) (1,823,120)
Transfer to Solid Waste (213,650) (213,650)
Net Income $15,330 $1,327,135

LONG RANGE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK
- The following chart provides a projection of the Stormwater Management fund balance. This
outlook includes capital project expenditures, assuming all future projects are pay-as-you-go.

$24.6 $25.5
$21.5
$12.0
$10.2
$8.3
$-
$5.0
$10.0
$15.0
$20.0
$25.0
$30.0
FY 16-17
Actual
FY 17-18
Actual
FY 18-19
Estimated
FY 19-20
Projected
FY 20-21
Projected
FY 21-22
ProjectedMillionsStormwater Management Fund Balance
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STORM SEWER SYSTEM INFORMATION

2.1 Population Served:
Winston-Salem is located in the northwestern area of the Piedmont Region of North
Carolina. Situated in Forsyth County, Winston-Salem is the fifth largest City in North
Carolina and has an estimated population of 246,328 citizens (based on data from the
U.S. Census Bureau).

2.2 Growth Rate:
The City of Winston-Salem increased its population size by 7.30 percent from April 1,
2010 to July 1, 2018, while the State of North Carolina grew at the rate of 8.90 percent
during the same period.

2.3 Jurisdictional and MS4 Service Areas:
The City of Winston-Salem does not have any ETJ areas at this time. The square mile
area for the City is 133.70.
2.3a Latitude of Center of MS4 Area: 36 degrees 06’ 9.95” N
Longitude of Center of MS4 Area: 80 degrees 15’ 37.77” W
2.3b Storm Sewer Service Area (square miles): 133.70

2.4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4):
The City of Winston-Salem is authorized to discharge stormwater from its municipal
separate storm sewer system (MS4) into the waters of the State of North Carolina. A
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is the legal
mechanism that allows the City of Winston-Salem to discharge stormwater runoff into
streams. All eight minimum measures, which govern the City of Winston-Salem
Stormwater Management Program, are contained within its permit.

The City of Winston-Salem is delineated into 17 different sub-watersheds that drain the
City and its surrounding area. The streams, within these sub-watersheds, flow in a
southwesterly direction into Lower Muddy Creek; the original fifteen watersheds had
stormwater masterplans developed for staff by a consultant. Current objectives of
masterplan efforts include providing a comprehensive update of the existing storm sewer
inventory (contained within public, private, and industrial properties), identify existing
and future areas of flooding based on existing and future development patterns, and
assess the impacts of stormwater discharges on the quality of Winston-Salem’s streams.
Information obtained from those plans show that Winston-Salem has approximately 538
miles of stormwater conveyance piping and 39,818 infrastructure devices, which includes
catch basins and manholes.

2.4a MS4 maintenance activities:
Cave-in reports are responded to within 24 hours of first knowledge of occurrence with
simple repairs being completed within 72 hours. Maintenance activities include the
following services: catch basin inspection and cleaning (two, three-man crews inspect
and clean catch basins on a daily basis), pipe repair (three drainage repair crews work on
pipe repair), replacement and upgrade projects, ditching (performed, as needed, by
contractors or in-house crews), and street sweeping activities will be performed by in-
house services.
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2.5 Land Use Composition Estimates:
The land use estimates below are from the City of Winston-Salem Planning Department
(source: The Legacy, 2030)

Land Use Classification
Residential 43.14 %
Commercial 2.81 %
Industrial 3.32 %
Parks/Open Space 2.09 %
Institutional 2.94 %
Right-of-Way 8.15 %
Office/Office Commercial 0.46 %
Agricultural 15.71 %
Vacant 20.97%
Utility 0.41%
TOTAL 100.0%

2.6 Estimate Methodology:
Classifications are based on zoning districts with the corresponding acreage versus the
total acreage of the City of Winston-Salem. For this assessment, schools have been
calculated as institutional purposes and parks are listed separately (typically included in
the residential classification).

2.7 TMDL Identification:
The N.C. Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) has detected standard violations of
turbidity and chlorophyll a at High Rock Lake, which is 25 miles south of Winston-
Salem. A TMDL is currently being developed for High Rock Lake, which indirectly
receives stormwater discharges from the City’s MS4. The main contributing river to
High Rock Lake is the Yadkin River, in which Muddy Creek discharges into near the
Forsyth-Davidson County border.

The NCDWQ determined that the Salem Creek Watershed is biologically-impaired due
to excessive fecal coliform concentrations. As a result, the Stormwater Division
continues to perform wet weather water sampling to determine pollutant origin sources of
fecal coliform loading into Salem Creek. The City of Winston-Salem submitted a TMDL
Implementation Plan to NCDWQ, which encompasses 24 sampling sites throughout
Salem, Peters, and Brushy Fork Watersheds. Based upon historical analytical data
results, monitoring locations are classified as contributing ‘hot spots’; pollutant loads are
modeled by staff for designated storm events with upstream tributaries denoted for future
sampling efforts.

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3. RECEIVING STREAMS

Major River Basin: Yadkin Pee-Dee

Name and Identification Number of the Primary Receiving Streams and Impoundments:
The following inventory receives stormwater runoff from the MS4 jurisdictional area. All
streams and impoundments are located within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin.

Use Classifications:
WS-III: Water Supply Watershed
C: Aquatic Life Propagation and Biological Integrity and Secondary Recreation
Purposes
I: Impaired
S: Supporting

Table 3.1 Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin
Receiving Stream
Name
Stream
Segment
Water Quality
Classification
Use Support
Rating
Water Quality
Issues
Clinard Lake 12-94-7-7 C S
Crystal Lake 12-94-7-6 C S
Dalton Pond 12-94-7-1-1 C S
Five Mile Branch 12-94-7-1 C S
Grassy Creek 12-94-7-3 C S
Jones Pond 12-94-7-1-2 C S
Leak Fork 12-94-7-4 C S
Little Creek 12-94-11 C S
Mill Creek 12-94-7 C S
Monarcas Creek 12-94-7-5 C S
Muddy Creek 12-94-(0.5) C I
Ogburn Branch 12-94-7-2 C S
Pineview Lake 12-94-7-1-3 C S
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Brushy Fork 12-94-12-6 C S
Brushy Fork
Branch
12-94-12-6-
1-1
C S
Burke Creek 12-94-12-9 C S
Fiddlers Creek 12-94-13-3 C S
Fishers Branch 12-94-12-2-
2-(2)
WS-III;C S
Frazier Creek 12-94-12-6-
1
C S
Hines Lake 12-94-13-2-
1
C S
Kerners Mill Creek 12-94-12-2-
(0.3)
WS-III S
Kerners Mill Creek 12-94-12-2-
(1.5)
WS-III;C S
Leak Creek 12-94-13-7 C S
Lowery Mill Creek 12-94-12-3-
(2)
WS-III;C S
Mallard Lake 12-91-1 WS-IV S
Myers Pond 12-94-12-5 C S
Perryman Branch 12-94-13-5 C S
Peters Creek 12-94-12-8 C S
Salem Creek 12-94-12-(1) WS-III;C S
Salem Creek 12-94-12-(4) C I TMDL approved for fecal
coliform reduction.
Sawmill Branch 12-94-13-2 C S
Sides Branch

12-94-13-6 C S
Soakas Creek 12-94-13-4 C S
South Fork Muddy
Creek
12-94-13 C S
Tar Branch 12-94-12-7 C S
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4. EXISTING WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS

Local Programs

Water Supply Watershed Protection – The Salem Lake Watershed Protection Article is in place to
provide regulations, which protect drinking water quality in the Salem Lake Watershed. These
regulations meet or exceed the minimum regulations established by the North Carolina
Environmental Management Commission under the provisions of the Water Supply Watershed
Protection Act of 1989.

Floodway and Floodway Fringe Regulations – Winston-Salem has adopted floodway and
floodway fringe regulations in order to control alteration of natural drainage patterns, control
development and to ensure stream velocities are not significantly increased.

Erosion and Sediment Control – The City has established a program as authorized by the North
Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973. The Erosion Control Ordinance regulates
certain land disturbing activities to control accelerated erosion and sedimentation in order to prevent
the pollution of water and other damage to lakes and watercourses.

NPDES MS4 Phase I Permit – The City was issued a new stormwater permit that became effective
October 10, 2018. Program components include public education and outreach, public involvement
and participation, illicit discharge detection and elimination, construction site runoff controls, post-
construction site runoff controls, and pollution prevention and good housekeeping for municipal
operations.

Code Enforcement Section of the Neighborhood Services Division – Enforcement of the
sanitation code relating to weeded lots, shrubbery, solid waste in yards and curbside trash. It also
includes rodent control in the storm drainage system, sanitary sewers (manholes), and along creek
beds.

Other programs that support water quality within the City of Winston-Salem:
1. Emergency Spill Response by Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Emergency
Management Division
2. 3RC, a Household Hazardous Material Disposal Facility
3. Forsyth County Department of Health for failing septic tank systems
4. Forsyth Creek Week by City of Winston-Salem Stormwater/Erosion Control Division
5. Adopt-a-Street by Keep Winston-Salem Beautiful
6. Big Sweep of Streams by Stormwater Division and Keep Winston-Salem Beautiful
7. Recycle Today, the City of Winston Salem’s household recycling program
8. Vegetative material composting by the City’s Sanitation Division

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5. PERMITTING INFORMATION

5.1 Responsible Party Contact List

Contact Information Plan Component Delegated Responsibilities
Johnnie Taylor
Director of Operations
336-397-7530
336-747-9442 (fax)
[e-mail]
Overall
Administration Delegated Signing Official for NPDES correspondence.
Keith Huff
Traffic Field Operations
Director
336-747-6962
336-747-6917 (fax)
[e-mail]
Administration of
Phase I Program
Components
* Overall implementation of Phase I permit and Council -
mandated program components
* Supervises MS4 maintenance activities
Andy Allen
Assistant Stormwater
Director
336-747-6968
336-747-6917 (fax)
[e-mail]
Creation and
Implementation of
Water Quality Phase
I Permit Programs

* Supervises Erosion Control Section
* Supervises Stormwater Field Operations
* Stormwater Annual Report creation and submittal
* NPDES Program Evaluation Analyst

Hanna Miller
Senior Community Educator
336-747-6960
336-747-6917 (fax)

Public Education &
Outreach

Public Involvement
& Participation
* Website design and maintenance
* Distribute educational information
* Development of brochures, flyers
* Presentations
* Participate in community events
* Adopt-a-stream
Joe Fogarty
Stormwater Engineer
336-747-6961
336-747-6917 (fax)
[e-mail]
Post-Construction
Stormwater Site
Runoff Controls
* Post-construction SCM Plan Reviews
* Annual Stormwater BMP inspections
Vacant
Special Projects Coordinator
Preservation of
Surface Waters &
Capital Improvement
Projects
* Responsible for the coordination and implementation of
stormwater and environmental assessment projects
Todd Love
Sr. Civil Engineer
336-734-1318
336-747-6917 (fax)
[e-mail]
Capital Improvement
Projects for the MS4
* Responsible for the oversight of all right-of-way
drainage improvement projects within the City’s
boundaries
* Stormwater CIP Creation & Implementation of water
quality and infrastructure projects
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Neil Uldrick
Civil Engineer
336-747-6919
336-747-6917 (fax)
[e-mail]
MS4 Drainage &
Infrastructure
* Responds to citizens’ drainage complaints and
facilitates 70/30 cost share projects on private property
* Designs and implements engineered solutions for
private property drainage projects
Vacant
Stormwater Inspector

Pollution Prevention
for Municipal
Goodhousekeeping
& Industrial
Inspection Programs
* Pollution prevention inspections for municipal and
permitted industrial facilities
* SPPP creation and implementation for municipal
operations and facilities
* GIS watershed assessments
* IDDE complaint investigations
* Water quality stream sampling
Ladonta ‘Jamal’ Clark
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
336-747-6964
336-747-6917 (fax)
[e-mail]
IDDE

WQ Assessment and
Monitoring

PP & Municipal
Goodhousekeeping

Industrial Inspection
Program

TMDL
Implementation Plan
* IDDE Dry Weather composite sampling
* WQI/SSO/TMDL Field Parameter screening
* MS4 TMDL Implementation Program Supervisor
* Supervises Stormwater Technicians
* Supervises Stormwater Inspector
* Impervious surface area investigations
Matthew Osborne
Erosion Control/Floodplain
Program Manager
336-747-7453
336-727-2792 (fax)
[e-mail]
Construction Site
Stormwater Runoff
Control
* Regulate certain land disturbing activities pursuant to
the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act
of 1973.
* Floodplain Management and Ordinance Enforcement
* FEMA mitigation projects for flood-prone structures
* Supervisors the Erosion Control Inspectors
Chris Christmas
Sanitation Director
336-734-1484
336-727-2483 (fax)
[e-mail]
Street Sweeping

Seasonal Leaf
Collection
* Removal of leaf matter and debris from curb and gutter
system
* Administers street sweeping operations of public streets
and roads

5.2 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

The Stormwater Division’s organizational chart is enclosed within Appendix A.

5.3 SIGNING OFFICIAL

The Winston-Salem City Council has authorized Mr. Johnnie Taylor, Director of Operations, as
the signing official and appropriate person to sign the permit application.

5.4 DULY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

The permit application responsibility is not being delegated to another individual and/or position
than the signing official.

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6. CO-PERMITTING INFORMATION

Not applicable to the City of Winston-Salem. The City of Winston-Salem will not be co-permitting
with any other Phase I community.

7. RELIANCE ON OTHER GOVERNMENT ENTITY

The City of Winston-Salem will not rely on another government entity for permit compliance.
However, the City of Winston-Salem will pursue the collective sharing of resources and knowledge
with other Phase II communities, as the need arises.

8.0 PUBLIC EDUCATION and OUTREACH

Objectives:

1. Distribute educational materials to the community.

2. Conduct public outreach activities.

3. Raise public awareness on the causes and impacts of stormwater pollution.

4. Inform the public on steps they can take to reduce or prevent stormwater pollution.

The following BMP tables represent a combination of on-going activities, as well as some
innovative pilot projects designed to achieve NPDES compliance. The Stormwater Public Education
and Outreach program has been in existence for several years and is designed to inform citizens,
business owners, civic groups, and organizations about how they can make a difference to reduce
stormwater pollution.

8.1. BMP Summary Table
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a
Describe target
pollutants and
target pollutant
sources
 Total Suspended Solids
 Fecal Coliforms
 Nutrients
 Oil & Grease
 Floatables and debris
x x x x x Senior Community Educator
b Describe target
audiences
 Construction Site Operators
 Homeowner Associations
 Landscape Professionals
 Latino Community
 School-age Children
x x x x x

Senior Community Educator

c Informational
Website  Quarterly Updates x x x x x

Senior Community Educator

Marketing and
Communication Section

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d
Distribute Public
Education
Materials to
Identified User
Groups
 Homeowners
 Commercial/Industrial
Businesses
 Turf grass professionals
 Classrooms
 Latino Community
x x x x x Senior Community Educator
e
Promote and
Maintain a
Stormwater
Hotline
To report illicit activity and
obtain information on
volunteer opportunities
x x x x x CityLink
f
Implement a
Public Education
and Outreach
Program
 Informational posters
 Targeted direct mail
campaigns
 Public meetings
 Public events (Earth Day
and other community
events as identified)
 Presentations to businesses,
classrooms, and
homeowner groups
 Distribution of promotional
give-a-ways
 Distribution of ‘new
homeowner’ information
 Information on local cable
access
x x x x x Senior Community Educator

Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Public Education and Outreach:

8.2 Describe Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences: The Stormwater Division uses three
resources in order to identify and target pollutants of concern within local waterways of Winston-
Salem: regulatory requirements, fixed interval stream sampling, and historical illicit discharge
detection and elimination reports. Regulatory requirements are derived from Total Maximum
Daily Loads (TMDL) that the City of Winston Salem must reduce waste load allocations to Muddy
and Salem Creeks (currently, the High Rock Lake TMDL is pending). Fecal coliform is the
pollutant of concern from Salem Creek Watershed. Bacterial source tracking (BST) confirmed
that sanitary sewer overflows, pet waste, and wildlife populations contribute to fecal coliform
pollution. Once the High Rock Lake TMDL is approved, nutrients will be target pollutants of
concern. Fecal coliform and turbidity pollution degrades biotic integrity, thus impairing the
reproduction cycle of aquatic life within streams.

The Stormwater Division performs quarterly, fixed interval sampling to determine pollutant
exceedances (when compared to Water Quality Redbook Standards) within streams. Since
samples are collected during various weather conditions (e.g. dry, first flush, descending portion of
a hydrograph, etc.), an accurate assessment of target pollutants has been established. Since 2011,
the Stormwater Division has observed City-wide trending sample data that consistently shows
evaluated concentrations of numerous pollutants. These pollutants of concern consist of turbidity
(i.e. TSS), fecal coliform, and nutrients (i.e. total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total
phosphorus, and dissolved phosphorus). Probable sources of nutrient exportation include
excessive residential and commercial fertilizer applications, sanitary sewer overflows, atmospheric
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deposition on impervious surfaces, industrial facilities, and commercial car-washing activities.
Nutrient loading depletes available dissolved oxygen concentrations for aquatic life due to
excessive algal blooms, thus affecting water resources. It is also known that floatables and debris
can carry and trap nutrients in our waterways. Floatables and debris can also serve as surrogates
for other pollutants due to being more visible and tangible to the public.

Historical illicit discharge detection and elimination (IDDE) reports indicate that hydrocarbon oil
and grease is the most frequently released pollutant of concern within the City of Winston-Salem.
Latino automobile repair shops wrecked automobile salvage facilities, nonpoint oil spills/leaks on
public streets, industrial entities, and commercial car-washing operations are sources of oil and
grease pollution. Oil and grease float on the stream surface and obstruct sunlight, which is needed
by aquatic fauna and flora to survive. In addition, hydrocarbon oil and grease damage riverine
habitat and sensitive spawning areas due soil adsorption. Since contaminated soil particles settle at
the bottom of spawning beds, fish cannot reproduce and eventually, vanish from the stream.

The Stormwater Division has identified numerous audiences for public outreach and education
activities due to their potential risk of releasing targeted pollutants. Homeowners use lawn care
products, dispose of household hazardous waste, and have pets and performance vehicular
maintenance on their cars. Programs/workshops, such as Carolina Yards & Neighborhoods,
address fertilizer and pesticide usage and pet waste. Other materials have been developed to
address household hazardous waste, automotive maintenance, and volunteer opportunities. The
Latino population is a growing segment within the City of Winston-Salem. General stormwater
pollution information has been developed for this demographic as well as translations of current
outreach materials in order to mitigate oil and grease releases. School-age children participate in
Creek Crawls, an in-stream learning-experience concerning water quality issues and the difference
between healthy and impaired streams. The overall goal from extensive school-age children
education is to influence adult behavior, thus eliminating pollution-enhancing practices. A
Stormwater Inspector performs industrial inspections and assessments on prioritized, permitted
facilities; these inspections concentrate on pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures,
which curtail exposure of pollutants to rainwater. Stormwater staff focuses on educational efforts
with commercial carwash facilities and businesses that wash vehicles and equipment; staff
provides a non-residential carwash fact sheet in order to curb illicit activities. Erosion Control
staff performs face-to-face informal meetings to discuss and implement corrective measures for
containing sediment on-site. The Stormwater Division continues to work in collaborative efforts
with the City/County Utilities Division in order to reduce sanitary sewer overflows and leaks. The
Stormwater Division made an increased effort to boost awareness about floatables, debris, and
litter in our local waterways.

8.3 Informational Web Site: The Stormwater Division operates and maintains an informative
website in order to achieve a heightened awareness of stormwater-related issues and/or events.
Information is updated every three months or upon a significant event or issue. The Community
Educator promotes the website at presentations, media releases, or posting the web address on
distributed public educational materials. Topics for web postings range from pollutant ‘factoids’
to public involvement opportunities.

8.4 Distribute Public Education Materials to Identified User Groups: The City of Winston Salem
distributes public educational materials that directly relates to specific, targeted audiences. In
collaborated efforts with the Piedmont Triad Water Quality Partnership and Stormwater SMART,
the City creates communicative information for ranked pollutants of concern, such as fecal
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coliforms, oil and grease, sediment (i.e. total suspended solids), nutrients and floatables.
Educational materials (and opportunities) include brochures (paper and electronic), presentations,
TV advertisements, workshops, community events, and targeted mailings. In order to ensure the
maximum educational effectiveness, the City correlates the informative technique to the targeted
audience. For example, best management practices brochures are written in Spanish for Latino
automobile repair shops.

8.5 Promote and Maintain a Hotline/Helpline: In 2005, City Council commissioned the creation
and implementation of a centralized telephone call center/web-based complaint hotline for the
citizens of the City of Winston-Salem. Known to the public as CityLink, this communication
center receives citizen-generated e-mails or telephone calls regarding stormwater-related items
illicit within the City. The public can access CityLink on the City of Winston-Salem’s homepage
of www.cityofws.org.; it appears on the bottom portion of the website. The Community Educator
receives electronic notifications for presentation requests from CityLink or directly from website
requests. Illicit discharges are received through the Stormwater Pollution Hotline [phone]),
which is operated by CityLink. The Stormwater/Sediment and Erosion Control Division has
publicized its contact information on the City of Winston-Salem’s main webpage. Once on the
City’s homepage, a citizen can locate staff member’s name, e-mail address, and telephone number
within four clicks of a computer mouse.

8.6 Public Education and Outreach Program Summary

1. The City of Winston-Salem participated in the Piedmont Triad Water Quality Partnership, a
consortium of 17 local governments, which pools resources to develop educational materials.
The City of Winston-Salem co-chairs this organization, along with the City of Greensboro. The
August 2018 to September 2018, campaign topic was litter. The campaign ran for four weeks
and included television, radio and digital advertising. The advertisement was aired on four local
stations, including Spectrum Cable, and ran 65 times. In addition, this year the partnership
purchased 87 radio ads on two radio stations. In addition to television and radio, a digital media
campaign was included across three platforms, Facebook, Instagram, and Google Displays.
There were 232,866 impressions and reached 123,938 social media users on Facebook. 9,570
users watched the video to completion on Facebook. The campaign also had 1,967,708
impressions from the Google Display and resulted in 13,450 clicks.
2. The City of Winston-Salem participated in the Stormwater SMART program through the
Piedmont Triad Regional Council, a cooperative partnership of 26 local governments within the
Piedmont Triad and overseen by a Steering Committee made up of representatives from each
county or municipality. Stormwater SMART ran a digital media campaign targeting litter, pet
waste, yard waste, pesticides, household chemicals, and vehicle maintenance. The digital media
included both English and Spanish materials. As part of pre-roll advertisements before videos,
253,098 users watched the Stormwater SMART pre-roll advertisements to completion across the
region. The banner displays had 3,164,652 total display impressions and 38,745 engagements
across the region. In Winston-Salem, the pre-roll advertisements had 140,576 impressions and
74,844 watched the advertisements to completion or clicked on the advertisement. The display
banner ads had 823,648 impressions and 10,084 engagements in Winston-Salem.
3. Through a partnership with the Village of Clemmons, the City of Winston-Salem participated in
a public service announcement (PSA) radio campaign related to litter and stormwater pollution.
The PSAs featuring stormwater mascot, Lenny the Lifeguard, were played during radio
broadcasts of university sporting events, including Wake Forest University. The PSAs were
played 889 times during sporting events featuring North Carolina universities in FY 2018-2019.
18

4. During FY 2018 – 2019, the Stormwater Section’s website received 20,083 page views. The top
three researched topics included erosion control (general information), stormwater management,
and general stormwater information for homeowners.
5. The City of Winston-Salem initiated and celebrated the seventh annual Forsyth Creek Week in
2019. The Stormwater Division chaired and coordinated nine days of activities throughout the
county. Twenty-five area governmental agencies and non-profits sponsored 64 events, with
2,775 participants, which included nature walks, children’s programs, workshops, an
environmental movie, bike rides, one medicine drop event, and a book discussion. 313 bags of
trash and recyclables were collected at five locations across the county during clean-ups as part
of Forsyth Creek Week.
6. The City of Winston-Salem continues its Pet Waste Campaign. 825 informational cards were
distributed through seven animal shelters, veterinarian hospitals, and pet shops.
7. Presentations were given at various schools within Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools
during the past year. 49 presentations and programs were given to students in elementary,
middle, high school, and college classes, reaching 1,205 students. Depending on the age group,
presentations consist of such visual aids as Mudpuppy Pond, the use of an Enviroscape, and/or
games such as Drippial Pursuit or Macroinvertebrate Mayhem.
8. Three additional presentations were given to approximately 5,081 adults within the community,
including Earth Day.
9. 264 new employees of the City of Winston-Salem viewed the stormwater orientation video and
received a copy of the handbook, “Stormwater Runoff: Municipal Good Housekeeping and
Pollution Prevention.”
10. In addition to community programs for Forsyth Creek Week, the Stormwater Department
participated in two volunteer events:
a. Big Sweep
b. The Great American Clean-up in Winston-Salem
11. 62 professionals attended a rainwater harvesting development workshop and 78 professionals
attended two workshops on stream restoration during Forsyth Creek Week.
12. Staff distributed 100 brochures through rental management and real estate offices at one location.
13. The Stormwater Pollution Hotline is active and currently routed through the City’s contact
center, CityLink. Citizens may call in complaints 24 hours a day and calls and information are
routed to staff for response. The contact center number is 311.

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9. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT and PARTICIPATION

Objectives:

1. Provide opportunities for the public, including major economic and ethnic groups, to
participate in program development and implementation.

The permittee shall implement the following BMPs to meet the objectives of the Public Involvement and
Participation Program:

9.1 BMP Summary Table
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a
Volunteer
Community
Involvement Program
Please reference BMPs #2 through
#5 below. x x x x x Senior Community Educator
b
Establish a
Mechanism for
Public Involvement
 Stormwater Appeals Board
 Monthly Public Works
Committee Meeting (City
Council)
x x x x x Senior Community Educator
c Establish
Hotline/Helpline To report polluters x x x x x Senior Community Educator
d
Establish a
Mechanism for
Public Involvement
 Stormwater Appeals Board
 Monthly Public Works
Committee Meeting (City
Council)
x x x x x

Senior Community Educator

e Public Notice
Public notice requirements for
soliciting feedback from the
community as well as establishing
transparency and accountability to
the public.
X x x x x
Citizens

Traffic Field Operations
Director

Community Educator

9.2 Volunteer Community Involvement Program: The following programs are being implemented
to various degrees to include and promote volunteer opportunities and ongoing citizen
participation:
 Creek Week: Is a week-long series of events geared to engage the public and promote
water quality awareness. Events included adult presentations, classrooms in the creek,
Facebook photo contest, guided nature walks, lunch and learn, a community read and
book discussion, a teacher’s workshop, a professional development workshop, special
children’s programs at the public libraries, Creek Week craft time and other interactive
program elements. Creek Week occurs in March and is organized by a committee of
municipal, county, and non-profit organizations.
 Creek Crawls: Are held with local school classes were the students visit a nearby creek
to examine the water quality of the stream using water quality test kits. Benthic
macroinvertebrates are also collected examined and discussed as to form an overall
assessment of the water quality of the stream in question. Students are taught to collect
the water quality samples and to identify the macroinvertebrates collected based on
provided keys as part of this ‘hands on’ approach.
20

 Adopt-A-Stream: Homeowner associations, companies, special interest groups, families
or other interested parties can request to Adopt-A-Stream in their area of interest.
Interested parties would commit to conducting three clean-ups per year and the City will
provide signage and debris removal after each cleanup.
 Adopt-A-Park: Homeowner associations, companies, special interest groups, families or
other interested parties can request to Adopt-A-Park in their area of interest. Interested
parties would commit to conducting four clean-ups per year and the City will provide
signage and debris removal after each cleanup.
 Adopt-A-Street: Homeowner associations, companies, special interest groups, families or
other interested parties can request to Adopt-A-Street in their area of interest. Interested
parties would commit to conducting four clean-ups per year and the City will provide
signage and debris removal after each cleanup.
 Big Sweep waterway cleanup is conducted every year in October. During the October
2018 Big Sweep event, 1,605 volunteers picked up 14,260 pounds of trash and
recyclables and 6,050 pounds of bulky items from area streams, parks, schools, and
streets.
 The Great American Clean Up in Winston-Salem is conducted every April. During the
April 2019 Great American Clean Up in Winston-Salem, 559 volunteers picked up
5,920 pounds of trash and recyclables and 3,300 pounds of bulky items from area
streams, parks, schools, and streets.
 Storm Drain Marking: Volunteer groups are provided with markers and adhesive pucks
to place “No Dumping, Drains to Creek” markers on catch basins and other drainage
structures within the community. Volunteer groups are given door hangers that contain
stormwater education material informing citizens about fertilizer use, pet waste, and
illegal dumping. These materials are placed in targeted areas where complaints have
occurred.

9.3 Establish a Mechanism for Public Involvement: The City of Winston-Salem has three main
mechanisms for public input on stormwater issues and input on the stormwater management
program: City Council Committee meetings, Stormwater Appeals Board, and the City Link
“suggestion and comment” service. The City Council has established committee level meetings
that citizens are invited to attend to discuss any topic including stormwater management issues.
The City Council committee that hears citizen input on stormwater management issues is the Public
Works Committee. Public Works Committee meetings are advertised on the City’s website and are
held the second Tuesday of every month. The Stormwater Appeals Board has been created to hear
appeals if an owner, developer, engineer or other party disagrees with the decision of staff. City
Link has instituted a citizen “suggestion and comment” service request that allows any citizen to
make a suggestion or comment, which relates to the Stormwater Management Program. These
suggestions or comments are forwarded to the Department Head for review and action if necessary.

9.4 Establish Hotline/Helpline: The City of Winston Salem has an established stormwater hotline
that is attended by City Link staff 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. City Link staff can contact
stormwater staff anytime if the need arises.

9.5 Public Review and Comment: Copies of the City Stormwater Management Plan are available for
comment on the City’s website located at www.stormwatersmart.com.

21

9.6 Public Notice: The City of Winston-Salem will comply with applicable public notice
requirements when implementing a public involvement and participation program. Compliance
with 40 CFR 122.34 is achieved by working with the City Secretary’s Office, Marketing and
Communications, and Community Assistance Specialists for scheduling, advertising, and posting
public meetings.

9.7 Public Involvement and Participation Program Summary

1. Overall, public involvement opportunities in Winston-Salem’s Stormwater have remained stable
and strong, in response to growing awareness of stormwater issues.
2. The Adopt-A-Stream program has groups that include scout troops, homeowner associations,
church groups, and local businesses. In the past year, six groups participated in the adopt-a-
stream program. 107 volunteers participated in eight stream clean-ups collecting 6,095 pounds
of trash and recyclables.
3. Through Forsyth Creek Week, three clean-ups within Winston-Salem were conducted:
a. The Stormwater Division organized a clean-up at Blum Park. The Blum Park Wetland
was cleaned of all accumulated trash and debris - this park wetland is located within the
Peters Creek Watershed. 25 participants collected 50 bags of trash and debris from the
wetland in Blum Park.
b. The Yadkin Riverkeeper organized a clean-up of the Civitan Park Wetland and Salem
Creek near Winston-Salem State University. 78 participants collected 100 bags of trash
and bulky items from Civitan Park and Salem Creek.
c. The Forsyth Off-Road Bicycle Association organized a clean-up of Hobby Park in
Winston-Salem. 21 participants collected ten bags of trash and recyclables and three
tires.
4. One group completed a one-time clean-up of Peters Creek and Gateway Commons Park. 15
participants collected 25 bags of trash and approximately 20 bulky items including a sofa, a love
seat, four lawn chairs, several folding chairs, cushions, a tent, outdoor gear, a propane tank, and a
grill.
5. In cooperation with Forsyth Cooperative Extension and Forsyth Creek, 62 residents and
professionals attended a workshop on rain water harvesting and rain gardens.
6. The Stormwater Division continued its storm drain marker program during FY 2018 – 2019; two
volunteers placed 32 markers and distributed 55 door hangers.
7. The Stormwater program conducted four Creek Crawls during the 2018-2019 school year and
one Creek Crawl during the 2019 Forsyth Creek Week.
8. Business representatives and citizen groups, who attend monthly Public Works Committee
Meetings, participate in the decision-making process concerning stormwater management within
the City of Winston-Salem. The Public Works Committee invites citizens to participate in these
discussions and agendas, which are posted on the City’s website. In addition, the City Council
has created the Stormwater Appeals Board. The Stormwater Appeals Board hears and makes
decisions of appeal of various ordinance including illicit discharge and post-construction
stormwater controls.
9. Five professional development workshops were held during the 2019 Forsyth Creek Week. The
workshops included a workshop for teachers and educators titled “Stream Ecology for
Teachers”, a workshop for homeowners and landscaping professionals titled “Rain Harvesting
Lunch & Learn”, two workshops for engineers, environmental and landscaping professionals
titled “River Course 401: Construction Practices for Stream Restoration”, and a community
workshop about the Blum Park Wetland project titled “Community Workshop: How the Blum
Park Make-Over Solved Local Flooding”. 156 people attended the five workshops.
22

10. ILLICIT DISCHARGE and ELIMINATION

Objectives:

1. Detect and eliminate illicit discharges, including preventable spills and illegal dumping
into the municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4).

2. Implement appropriate enforcement procedures and actions.

3. Maintain a map showing the permittee’s major MS4 outfalls to state waters receiving
discharges.

4. Inform employees, businesses, and public of hazards associated with illegal discharges
and improper disposal of waste.

5. Prohibit illicit connection(s)

10.1 BMP Summary Table
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a Maintain Appropriate
Legal Authorities
If warranted, a Notice of Violation (NOV) is
issued with required compliance measures and
due date. NOV is tracked by designated staff
until final resolution is achieved. Enforcement
actions are described in Section 75-11 of the
IDDE Ordinance.
x x x x x
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians
b Maintain a Storm Sewer
System Base Map
The City of Winston-Salem has hired a
consultant for outfall identification and creation
of a comprehensive stormwater system
inventory. Staff updates the City’s GIS major
outfall database, as needed.
x x x x x

Stormwater Operations
Analyst

Contracted Consultant

c
Inspection/Detection
Program to Detect Dry
Weather Flows to MS4
Outfalls in Targeted
Areas
Written standard operating procedures were
established in April 2006 and revised in June
2016. Illicit discharges or connections are
permanently removed from the MS4 in
accordance with the City’s IDDE Ordinance.
X X X X X
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians
d Employee Training
All current and new municipal employees,
which are not administrative positions, are
required to review a web-based power point
presentation and booklet regarding IDDE
detection and reporting.
X X X X X
Senior Community
Educator

City Employees
e Maintain a Public
Reporting Mechanism
The public can assess the City’s Homepage,
Citizen Service Request webpage, or CityLink
and provide notification of illicit discharges to
the Stormwater staff.
x x x x x
CityLink

Stormwater Operations
Analyst
f Documentation
Stormwater staff records IDDE activities, which
includes date, time, investigative findings,
NOVs, and completion letter within an internal
Excel database.
x x x x x
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians

23

Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination:

10.2 Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities: The City of Winston-Salem has an illicit discharge,
connection, and disposal ordinance that regulates the introduction of illegal pollutants to the
City’s MS4 and receiving streams. The stormwater staff is adequate to provide enforcement
actions, as per the existing ordinance. The adopted ordinance has an enforcement section that
provides for notice of violations and civil penalties. One can reference the City’s Stormwater
Illicit Discharges and Connection Ordinance, Chapter 75, at ARTICLE I. ILLICIT
STORMWATER DISCHARGES AND CONNECTIONS

10.3 Maintain a Storm Sewer System Base Map: Inventories of the initial fifteen watersheds have
been completed. A consultant is in the process of revising all watershed master plans as well as
stormwater system inventories for the annexed areas of the City of Winston-Salem. The
inventory is accessible as a GIS layer and amended from submitted new development as-built
plans and ‘in-the-field’ surveyed locations. For FY 2018-2019, Middle and Lower Mill Creek
Watersheds will be assessed for major outfall and MS4 inventory updates.

10.4 Inspect/Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in Targeted Areas: Illicit discharge
detection and elimination procedures are contained within the Stormwater Division’s Sampling
Manual, which is located on the filing cabinets in Room 53 (storage area on the ground floor).
The Center of Watershed Protection and Mr. Robert Pitt published a guidance manual for
program development and technical information regarding illicit discharge detection and
elimination (IDDE). When compared to the IDDE manual created by the Center of Watershed
Protection, the Stormwater Division’s standards of operating procedures were very similar.
Instead of expending City resources to create its own manual, the Stormwater Division adopted
Chapters 11, 12, and 13 from the Center of Watershed Protection’s IDDE technical manual.

10.5 Employee Training: Create and distribute a web-based power point presentation and booklet to
all current and new municipal employees that are not administrative positions.

10.6 Establish a Public-Reporting Mechanism: Citizens may call the stormwater hotline or use the
CRM system to report illicit discharges, connections, and disposal within the City’s limits. All
pertinent information regarding reporting procedures is posted on the City of Winston-Salem’s
website, www.cityofws.org and the Stormwater Division’s homepage,
www.stormwatersmart.com. The public can call [phone] to report illicit discharges,
spills, or connections for Stormwater staff to perform investigative activities.

10.7 Documentation of IDDE Activities: When staff investigates an illicit discharge activity, a
discharge report is developed and filed by the investigating staff member, regardless of the
outcome. If an illicit activity is discovered, staff prepares a Notice of Violation (NOV), as per
the requirements of Chapter 75-11 of the City Code. The NOV is sent to the violator(s) via
registered or certified mail. The NOV clearly states the violation, as well as any abatement
activities required by the City. Upon successful completion of abatement activities by the
violator, a notification is sent that the illicit activity has been resolved. Staff records electronic
and hardcopies of all correspondence, photos, mapping, civil penalty assessments, and sampling
results pertaining to the IDDE activity for future reference.

24

10.8 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Program Summary Information

1. Mapping updates to the stormwater drainage system continue from initial efforts conducted
in the prior permit years. A contracted consultant will be updating (including major
stormwater discharge outfalls) the Middle and Lower Mill Creek Watershed masterplans.
Basin tracing models have been incorporated into the geodatabase to allow staff the ability to
track illicit discharges to their sources. Outfalls are being identified and field-screened as
part of this process.
2. Staff has responded to 49 illicit discharge situations and issued 19 Notice of Violations.
3. No civil penalties were issued this year because all violators achieved compliance.
4. As part of the MS4 inventory update, no dry weather flows were detected as potential sources
of pollutants.
5. As part of the City’s Good Housekeeping and Pollution prevention programs, 264 new City
employees were trained to identify and report illicit discharges. CityLink takes illicit
discharge related calls 24 hours a day and submits them to staff for investigation.
6. Stormwater staff performs quarterly, fixed interval sampling at 13 locations throughout
Winston-Salem for the following perimeters: BOD, TSS, TDS, Turbidity, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb,
Total & Dissolved Cu, Total & Dissolved Zn Total & Dissolved P, NO2, NO3, TKN, and
fecal coliform that resulted in 918 certified lab results. There were 432 samples collected
within the Salem, Brushy, and Peters Creek Watersheds.
7. Staff walked a total of 6.39 miles within local streams, which were evaluated for illicit
discharges/connections. Approximately 0.64 miles were within the Salem, Brushy, and
Peters Creek Watersheds.
8. During stream-walking activities, the YSI multiparameter meter was used, in conjunction
with portable Chemet sampling kits, for ammonia and nitrate detection for approximately
1,022 samples.
9. All illicit discharge investigations were successfully resolved and permanently removed from
the MS4.
10. The Stormwater Division reviewed and updated its Illicit Discharge Detection and
Elimination Handbook for regulatory and compliance purposes in June of 2016.
11. Stormwater staff detected five sanitary sewer overflows that released to local waterways;
these overflows were reported to Utilities Construction and Maintenance Section for
permanent resolution.

11. CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROLS

Objectives:

1. Reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff from construction activities disturbing one or
more acres of land surface and those activities less than one acre that are part of a larger
common plan of development.

2. Provide procedures for public input, sanctions to ensure permit compliance, requirements
for construction site operators to implement appropriate erosion and sediment control
practices, review of site plans that incorporates consideration of potential water quality
impacts, and procedures for site inspection and enforcement of control measures.

25

3. A locally delegated program that meets or exceeds the state requirements covering the
jurisdictional area of the permittee complies with the required minimum of this section.

4. The City of Winston-Salem has been delegated by NCDENR to establish a local erosion
and sedimentation control program to administer the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act
of 1973; stormwater NPDES permit requirements will be fulfilled using this existing
program. Plan review, plan approval and permits are required for any land disturbing
activity that is equal to or greater than 20,000 square feet in surface area for development
of a single-family dwelling, 10,000 square feet on any land disturbing activity for any
other purpose, and for those single-family residential sites under 20,000 square feet, an
executed erosion control affidavit stipulating minimum measures to prevent off-site
sediment is required of the permit holder.

11.1 BMP Summary Table

BMP Measurable Goals
YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION /
PARTY
a
Erosion and
Sediment Control
Program
Local program mandates NCDENR
approved sediment & erosion
control practices for construction
activities disturbing more than
20,000 ft2 for single-family
construction or 10,000 ft2 for any
other purpose, plus a single-family
residential program.
X X X X X
Erosion
Control/Floodplain
Program Manager

Erosion Control
Inspectors
b
Plan Review
Process – Review
of final plans for
approval or
denial of Erosion
Control Plan and
Grading Permit.
Local program adheres to
regulations and requirements of the
Sedimentation Pollution Control
Act of 1973 and current NCDMLR
BMP construction standards.
X X X X X
Erosion
Control/Floodplain
Program Manager

Erosion Control
Inspectors
c

Field Inspections,
Complaint
Response, and
Enforcement
Procedures
On-site inspections are conducted
once per four weeks; on average,
each inspector has 70 sites. In
addition, staff responds to all
received complaints within 48 hours
of first knowledge. Article 5 of the
City’s Unified Development
Ordinance includes Civil Penalty,
Injunctive Relief, Stop Work
Orders, and Restoration as available
provisions regarding enforcement
actions.
X X X X X
Erosion
Control/Floodplain
Program Manager

Erosion Control
Inspectors
d
Notify the
responsible City
Divisions that
have enforcement
capabilities in
order to eliminate
construction site
wastes from
entering the MS4
and/or Waters of
the State
Building Inspectors and Erosion
Control Section ensure construction
debris and trash removal from sites.
Off-site sedimentation enforcement
measures are levied by the Erosion
Control Section. Any other
pollutants that enter the MS4 or
Waters of the State are resolved by
the Stormwater/Erosion Control
Division.
X X X X X
Stormwater/
Erosion Control Division

Building Inspections
Section
26

e
Educational and
Training
Materials
* Erosion Control personnel
distribute educational pamphlets
illustrating proper pollution controls
methods and devices.
*Inspectors conduct on-site and in-
office educational seminars with
contractors, designers and the
public.
* Information is provided on-line
X X X X X Erosion Control Staff
f Public
Information
* City Link-web-based computer
program and phone line that citizens
and City employees can report off-
site sedimentation issues/complaints
*STOPMUD Hotline – staff
responds to complaints with 48
hours of first knowledge
* City Website – publicized contact
information of Erosion Control
staff, which includes telephone
numbers and email addresses.
X X X X X
NC Division of Land
Resources

CityLink

Marketing &
Communications Section

Best Management Practices for Construction Site Runoff Controls:

11.2 Erosion and Sediment Control Program: The Sediment and Erosion Control Section of the
City of Winston-Salem’s Stormwater/Erosion and Sedimentation Control Program require
erosion and sediment control measures at construction sites. Article V of the Unified
Development Ordinance (Chapter C) regulates land disturbing activities within Forsyth County’s
boundaries (this includes the City of Winston-Salem). For additional information regarding the
City’s Sediment and Erosion Control Ordinance, please visit this link: Article V Erosion
Control.

11.3 Develop Requirements for Construction Site Operators: Article V of the Unified
Development Code, Section 5-7(G) and 5-16.1 states that no person shall undertake any land
disturbing activity without first obtaining a permit from the Directors. Section 5-16.2 states that
any area exceeding 20,000 square feet in surface area on one tract for construction of a single-
family dwelling or 10,000 square feet on one tract for any other purpose must be permitted. To
be permitted, Section 5-18.7 mandates the creation and submittal of a development plan and
Section 5.8 provides the design standards criteria of erosion and sedimentation control measures,
structures, and devices to be reviewed, approved, and installed.

Three City Divisions monitor and eliminate construction site wastes from adverse impacts to
water quality. The Building Inspections Section requires construction solid waste (for example
wood, sheet rock, concrete truck washout, etc.) to be placed in trash receptacles and disposed at
an appropriate facility. Off-site sediment recovery and maintenance of erosion control structures
are regulated and enforced by the Erosion Control Section. Any other pollutants that are directly
(or indirectly) discharged, disposed, or illicitly-connected to storm drain systems (public or
private-owned) or to Watercourses and Waters of the State, which are located within city limits,
are monitored and enforced by the Stormwater Division.

27

11.4 Educational and Training Materials for Construction Site Operators: Erosion Control
Inspectors perform on-site and in-office educational discussions with licensed contractors,
designers, and developers, as per service requests and/or issuance of violations. These
educational discussions are very interactive and personal. In addition, inspectors have
distributed approximately 1,000 educational pamphlets to construction site operators for FY
2018 - 2019.

11.5 Plan Reviews: When finalized, development plans are submitted to the City of Winston-Salem
for permit approval of land disturbing activities; Erosion Control staff determines regulatory
compliance in accordance with the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973. As a result,
sediment control devices for construction activities are evaluated for capture of 75 percent of the
40 micron particle and larger.

11.6 Public Information: In 2005, City Council and the City Manager commissioned the creation
and implementation of a centralized telephone call center/web-based complaint hotline for the
citizens of the City of Winston-Salem. Known to the public as CityLink, this communication
center receives citizen-generated e-mails or telephone calls regarding illicit activity within the
City or County. The public can access CityLink on the City of Winston-Salem’s homepage of
www.Cityofws.org.; it appears on the bottom portion of the website. The Erosion and Sediment
Control Section has been integrated into the CityLink system and implemented a 72 hour
response time of first knowledge.

The Sediment and Erosion Control Section has publicized its contact information on the City of
Winston-Salem’s main webpage. Once on the City’s homepage, a citizen can locate each
Erosion Control staff member’s name, e-mail address, and telephone number within three clicks
of a computer mouse.

In addition, by calling 1-866-STOPMUD, citizens can report violations of the Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act. The Sediment and Erosion Control Section responds to e-mails and
received complaints from the hotline within 48 hours of first knowledge.

11.7 Inspection and Enforcement Procedures: Site inspections are conducted by one of four
qualified erosion control inspectors, which are assigned to a section of Forsyth County. Each
inspector reviews, approves and releases grading/erosion control permits for construction
activities, conducts on-site inspections, and ensures program compliance in their respective part
of the County. Routine inspections are performed once every four weeks, however, the
frequency of inspections will increase (as needed) for overall program compliance.

Enforcement action provisions are described in Sections 5-18.8, 5-20, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, and 5-25
of Article V of the Unified Development Ordinance (Chapter C). The City of Winston-Salem
will not issue a grading permit for a development site unless the sediment and erosion control
plan has been approved. Deviation from the approved plan will result in a Notice of Violation
(NOV) from an erosion control inspector with violations of noncompliance and a compliance
due date will be listed. Mitigation activities are enforced in the event of off-site sedimentation -
NCDWR receives a copy of every NOV that is issued by the Erosion Control Section. If the
corrective measures are not resolved by the due date, a monetary fine, Stop Work Order, and/or
Injunction may be imposed on the developer or contractor. In addition, the City of Winston-
Salem may withhold any certificates of occupancy until absolute resolution has been achieved.

28

11.8 Eminent Domain Authority: The City of Winston-Salem’s Sediment and Erosion Control
Section has an established procedure of sending a copy of every issued grading permit and
application within Forsyth County to the Winston-Salem Regional Office of NCDENR. This
protocol provides DEMLR the opportunity to collaborate with the Stormwater/Erosion Control
Division concerning the approval of a post-construction stormwater management BMP within
the City’s limits.

11.9 Construction Site Runoff Control Program Summary Information
1. In the past permit year, the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Program has reviewed
105 plans and conducted over 6,800 construction site inspections. Those inspections
have resulted in 48 Notices of Violation and two civil penalties to bring about
compliance.
2. The Erosion Control Section achieved an 83% average of compliant sites versus the total
number of active construction sites.

12. POST-CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROLS

Objectives:

1. Manage stormwater runoff from new development/redevelopment that drains to the
MS4 and disturbs an acre or more of land surface, including projects less than an acre
that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale.

2. Provide a mechanism to require long-term operation and maintenance of SCMs.

3. Ensure controls are in place to minimize water quality impacts.

4. Permittee shall not be required to apply post-construction site runoff controls to entities
that are exempt from permittee’s jurisdiction, including entities exempted under
N.C.G.S. 113A-56.

12.1 SCM Summary Table
SCM Measureable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a
Post-construction
Stormwater
Management
Program
The City of Winston Salem
adopted a Post-construction
Stormwater Control Ordinance
in September of 2008.
x x x x x Traffic Field Operations
Director
b
Strategies which
include SCM’s
appropriate for the
MS4
The City uses the State SCM
Manual as engineering criteria
for stormwater plan submittals.
x x x x x Traffic Field Operations
Director
c
Deed Restrictions
and Protective
Covenants
Deed restrictions and protective
covenants are required in the
City’s ordinance to ensure that
stormwater controls are not
altered or removed.
x x x x x
Traffic Field Operations
Director

Stormwater Engineer
29

d Operation and
Maintenance Plan
An operation and maintenance
plan is required as part of the
permit approval process. The
City uses state-approved criteria
for initiating
SCM maintenance activity.
x x x x x
Traffic Field Operations
Director

Stormwater Engineer
e
Educational
Materials and
Training for
Developers
Educational materials include
guiding stormwater applications,
example calculations, and other
supplementary information.
x x x x x
Traffic Field Operations
Director

Stormwater Engineer

12.2 Post-construction Storm Water Management in New Development and Redevelopment:
The Stormwater Division oversees and enforces the City’s post-construction stormwater
management program. The City of Winston-Salem has supplemented previous water supply
watershed regulations with current post-construction regulations for Class ‘C’ waters in order to
address stormwater runoff from new and re-developed sites. The City of Winston-Salem has
adopted the State’s Best Management Practices Manual as a technical guide for designing
structural SCMs within its municipal boundaries.

12.3 Strategies that include SCMs Appropriate for the MS4:

Programs with development/redevelopment draining to Nutrient Sensitive waters:
Drainage from the City of Winston-Salem ultimately flows to the Yadkin River, which is the
main tributary for High Rock Lake. High Rock Lake has been classified as nutrient sensitive and
currently has a TMDL in development for Chlorophyll A and turbidity. Structural and non-
structural SCMs will be utilized to address the requirements of 15A NCAC .0126 10(e). These
SCM’s will provide sediment removal, which ultimately reduces the nutrient inputs to receiving
streams. Proper application and storage of fertilizers is being addressed through a Turf
Management Certification, which is administered by the Stormwater Division and the Forsyth
County Cooperative Extension Service, in efforts to reduce nutrient loading to receiving streams.

Fecal Coliform Source Control:
The City of Winston-Salem coordinates with the Forsyth County Department of Public Health to
reduce fecal coliform inputs to the MS4 to the maximum extent practicable. This process
includes an oversight program to ensure proper operation and maintenance of on-site wastewater
treatment systems. The City will also work to implement structural SCMs that encourage the
die-off of fecal coliform bacteria to the maximum extent practicable. The City County Utilities
Commission (CCUC) has an extensive capital improvement program to rehabilitate failing
sections of the sewer collection system. Stormwater staff work closely with the CCUC to locate
and resolve sanitary sewer overflows into the MS4.

Non-Structural SCMs:
Currently, the City of Winston-Salem has implemented a comprehensive plan for growth – the
Legacy Development Guide, which was adopted in 2012. Environmental quality is a key subject
area, which is addressed with an objective to protect our local watersheds, wetlands, and streams.
The City also has adopted local water supply watershed protection regulations, as required by
DWQ. The Unified Development Ordinance regulates development in the Water Supply
watershed areas of the City. Development is subject to zoning restrictions, erosion control
measures, floodplain management and low density development provisions as they pertain to the
30

water quality criteria of the Post-Construction Stormwater Control Ordinance such as recording
of stream buffers where applicable and use of vegetative conveyances to the maximum extent
practicable.

Structural SCMs:
In 2008, the City of Winston-Salem adopted the State’s model ordinance, which provides sizing
and performance criteria for water quality SCM’s. This ordinance addresses both low density
and high density development scenarios as regards water quality attenuation. Low density
developments (less than 24 percent built upon area and/or less than two dwelling units per acre)
must meet all NCDEQ Stormwater Design Manual low density Minimum Design Criteria
(MDC). High density developments (greater than 24 percent built upon area and/or more than
two dwelling units per acre) in addition to meeting all of the low density non-structural SCM
requirements must also provide structural SCMs. In addition, City Council adopted water
quantity standards for stormwater SCM design in order to mitigate detrimental downstream
effects of flooding and erosion in various design storm events. Any SCM or combination of
SCMs designated as primary SCM’s in the NCDEQ Stormwater Design Manual, which are
suitable to be effectively constructed in the Piedmont physiographic region, may be approved by
the Stormwater Engineer.

12.4 Deed Restrictions and Protective Covenants: The City of Winston-Salem created, adopted,
and implemented its post-construction ordinance on September 19, 2008. This ordinance
includes comprehensive regulatory procedures in order to ensure compliance. Right of entry
drainage and access easements must be granted to the City to inspect, monitor, maintain, repair,
or to reconstruct the stormwater management system as necessary. Notice of violations,
remedies, and monetary penalties are examples of regulatory tools contained within the post-
construction ordinance that the Stormwater Division utilizes as enforcement mechanisms. For
further reference, the City’s Post-construction Stormwater Control Ordinance (Chapter 75,
Article IV) can be located at this link: ARTICLE IV. POST CONSTRUCTION
STORMWATER

12.5 Operation and Maintenance Plan: Stormwater Division personnel inspect water quantity
SCMs as well as Salem Lake Watershed (Water Supply IV Classification) stormwater
management controls on an annual basis. Stormwater control devices, which were approved
after the adoption of the post-construction ordinance, must have an Operation and Maintenance
Agreement recorded as part of the ordinance permit process. The emphasis of SCM inspection
and maintenance is placed on the designated property owner. Beginning after the certification of
the as-built drawings for a permitted stormwater management system, the system must be
inspected per the frequency described in this agreement by a suitably qualified professional on
behalf of the owner. The owner must keep all records of these inspections and any maintenance
activities that may have been necessary and submit these records to the Traffic Field Operations
Director for review on an annual basis. The Traffic Field Operations Director or his designee
may carry out his own inspection to validate such submitted records.

The City of Winston-Salem inspects all City-wide water quantity SCMs that were approved prior
to the Post-construction Stormwater Control Ordinance implementation as well as water quality
SCMs contained within the Salem Lake Watershed on an annual basis. The City requires
performance bonding or other cash securities on SCMs within the water supply watershed areas.
Currently, all structural SCMs approved in accordance with the post-construction ordinance must
have a financial surety in force prior to permit issuance.
31

12.6 Educational Materials and Training for Developers: Multiple training sessions have been
provided by Stormwater Division staff prior to and after the ordinance implementation in 2008.
Educational materials include a post-construction stormwater permit application, a guidance
flowchart, example of design calculations and other supplementary information such as
Operation and Maintenance Manual templates. These are available on the Stormwater Divisions
website. The Stormwater Engineer also makes himself regularly available to meet with
developers at their request on both an individual basis and via interdepartmental design review
committees, in the event that they need guidance on permit policies and procedures before
submitting an application for a permit. The Stormwater Engineer has on average four to five
such meetings on a weekly basis.

12.7 Post-construction Stormwater Control Summary Program Information

1. In terms of SCM performance and maintenance securities for permits issued under the
2008 implemented ordinance, the Stormwater Division requires a developer/owner of a
commercial development to post a financial surety prior to permit issuance. For
commercial developments, this surety is in the form of a one-time cash payment equal to
four percent of the total cost of the stormwater management system. The monies are
deposited into a City maintained catastrophic failure fund. The City will allocate funds to
developers/owners who have contributed to the fund when deemed necessary for SCM
maintenance repairs or reconstruction redevelopment in the event of a catastrophic
failure. Residential developments require the developer to establish an escrow account
into which the developer pays an amount equal to 15 percent of the construction cost of
the stormwater management system. The home owners association must then fully fund
the remainder of the account within ten years of as-built certification of the Stormwater
management system. The HOA funding amount is based on an engineer’s estimate of
annual maintenance costs and this estimate is provided at the time of permitting. The
HOA must then fund two thirds of this estimate into the escrow account within five years
of as built certification and as mentioned fully fund the account within ten years of as-
built approval.

2. The Stormwater Division has inspected 265 water quantity control SCMs during the past
permit year. Please note: these devices were constructed prior to the adoption of the
post-construction ordinance. These SCMs mainly consist of dry detention basins.

a. The number of SCMs that are categorized as ‘poor’ = 9 (3.40%)
b. The number of SCMS that are categorized with minor issues = 0 (0.00%)
c. The number of SCMS with no deficiencies = 256 (96.60%)

3. Between implementation of the Post-construction Stormwater Control Ordinance in
September 2008 and up to the end of this current permit period, the Stormwater Division
has permitted a variety of structural SCMs that were required for high density
developments under the water quality provisions of the ordinance as well as meeting the
ordinance quantity provisions. Please note that as per Section 12.5 these stormwater
management systems are inspected and maintained by the owners’ qualified
representatives with records of such inspections and maintenance activities submitted
annually to the Traffic Field Operations Director. The SCMs permitted along with the
number of the SCMs are as follows:
32

a. Wet Detention Basins = 46
b. Sand Filters = 46
c. Bio-Retention Cells = 24
d. Stormwater Constructed Wetlands = 1
e. Contech Stormfilter System = 3
f. Infiltration Trench = 2
g. Permeable Pavement System = 3
h. Dry Detention Basins/Underground Management Systems = 49

In addition to these high density developments in the same period the Stormwater
Division has also issued 67 permits for developments that were considered low density
under the water quality provisions of the ordinance. No structural SCMs were therefore
required, but these developments still had to meet the low density provisions of the
ordinance and the Stormwater design manual low density minimum design criteria.

4. During Permit Year of 2018 – 2019, the following information summarizes post-
construction activities performed by the Stormwater Division:

a. The number of plans reviewed = 60
b. The number of developments requiring water quality SCMs = 16
c. The number of developments requiring water quantity SCMs = 15
d. The number of no adverse impact studies submitted in lieu of management for
quantity control = 6
e. The number of developments meeting the ordinance water quality provision
exemptions = 29
f. The number of developments meeting the ordinance water quantity provision
exemptions = 34
g. The number of developments grandfathered from the ordinance provisions based
on a prior plan approval issued before the ordinance implementation in 2008, or,
covered under a master Stormwater management plan submitted and approved,
since the ordinance implementation = 2
h. The number of low-density projects =13
i. The number of high-density projects = 15
j. Sum of water quality SCMs = 10 (four Sand Filters, four Wet Detention Basins,
two bioretention cells.
k. Sum of water quantity SCMs = 11 (four Wet Detention Basins, two Sand Filter,
three Underground Management Systems and three Dry Detention Basins).

33

13. POLLUTION PREVENTION and GOOD HOUSEKEEPING for
MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS

Objectives:

1. Prevent or reduce stormwater pollution from municipal operations.

2. Train employees on how to incorporate Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping
techniques into municipal operations.

13.1 BMP Summary Table
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a
Operation and
Maintenance
Program for
Municipal Facilities
and Operations
The City of Winston-Salem has
implemented the following programs to
prevent or eliminate pollutants from
entering the MS4: street sweeping,
household hazardous waste collection
and disposal, household recycling,
residential yard waste composting, and
street drainage maintenance.
X X X X X
Sanitation Director

WSDOT Director

3RC

Recycle Program
Administrator
b
Site Pollution
Prevention Plan for
Municipal Facilities
and Operations
During FY 2018 -2019, the Stormwater
Inspector assessed and recommended
appropriate BMPs at Fleet Services,
which were implemented by Fleet staff.
X X X X X Stormwater Inspector
c
Inspection and
Evaluation of
Facilities and
Operations
Site evaluations are conducted for the
need of BMPs; if the opportunity
arises, the Stormwater Division will
work with the responsible municipal
operation to implement the appropriate
controls. Once controls are
implemented, BMP effectiveness will
be evaluated by the Division and the
respective City entity.
X X X X X
Traffic Field Operations
Director

Stormwater Engineer

Stormwater Inspector

d
Spill Response
Procedures for
Municipal Facilities
and Operations
For municipally-owned facilities that
are not required to obtain a general
stormwater permit, an abbreviated
stormwater pollution prevention plan
(SPPP) will be created and
implemented. A key component of this
abbreviated SPPP is spill response plan
and procedures, which are site-specific.
X X X X X Stormwater Inspector
e
Prevent or Minimize
Contamination of
Stormwater Runoff
from all areas used
for Vehicle and
Equipment Cleaning
During municipal facility/operation
assessments, vehicle and equipment-
washing practices are evaluated. If
needed, washing procedures are
modified to prevent or minimize
exposure to surface waters. These
procedures are documented in the
SPPP and verified on a BMP checklist.
X X X X X
Stormwater Inspector
f
Streets, Roads, and
Public Parking Lots
Maintenance
The Stormwater Section has work in
collaborated efforts with the Winston-
Salem Transit Authority as well as the
Winston-Salem Department of
Transportation in order to identify
pollutant-laden stormwater runoff from
X X X X X

Stormwater Inspector

Traffic Field Operations,
City Yard

34

public streets, roads, and parking lots.
Selected BMPs for implementation
include increased street sweeping,
enhanced MS4 trash and sediment
removal, issuance of condensed spill
response plans and procedures for
hydrocarbon releases, and
implementing a maintenance program
for existing structural BMPs, which
receive inputs from public streets and
roads.

Winston-Salem
Department of
Transportation

Traffic Field Operations
Director
g
Streets, Roads, and
Public Parking Lots
Maintenance
Some BMPs have already been
implemented; these items include
street sweeping, MS4 maintenance
activities of pipe and catch basin
cleaning, and SPPP issuance to top
priority municipal facilities/operations.
X X X X X
Stormwater Inspector

WSDOT

Traffic Field Operations
Director
h
Operation and
Maintenance for
Municipal-owned or
Maintained Structural
Stormwater BMPs
and Stormwater
Sewer System
(including catch
basins, conveyance
system, and structural
controls).
The Stormwater Section has worked in
collaborated efforts with the Traffic
Field Operations Division in order to
develop and implement an O& M
program for mitigating pollutant-laden
stormwater runoff from entering the
MS4. Selected BMPs for
implementation include increased street
sweeping and enhanced MS4 trash and
sediment removal.
X X X X X

Traffic Field Operations,
City Yard

Traffic Field Operations
Director

i Conduct staff training
A web-based power point presentation
and booklet is mandatory for all current
and new municipal employees, which
are not administrative positions, to
view and synthesize awareness
information regarding
goodhousekeeping practices as well as
illicit discharge identification and
detection.
X X X X X Senior Community
Educator

13.2 Identified Municipal Facilities/Operations: In 2007, the Stormwater Division performed an
inclusive assessment of municipal facilities/operations that have a significant potential for
generating polluted stormwater runoff. Next, Stormwater staff prioritized these municipal
operations for SPPP creation and implementation due to the magnitude and nature of activities
that each municipal operation provides to the public. Since that time, the Stormwater Division
provides professional services to City entities in order to create and implement BMPs for
mitigating or eliminating exposure of pollutants to stormwater runoff. The following tables
provided an overview of the City’s progression in reducing stormwater pollution from municipal
operations, as of June 2019.

35

Municipal Facilities/Operations that have Comprehensive Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans
(General Stormwater Permitted or Operations that require SPPPs, as if permitted)

Table 13.3
City Department Division or Operational Activities Contact Name NPDES Permit Number
Utilities Muddy Creek WWTP Courtney Driver NC0050342
Archie Elledge WWTP Courtney Driver NC0037834
Hanes Mill Landfill Jan McHargue NCG120034
Property Facilities
Management Fleet Services Nick Geis NCG080801
WSDOT Winston-Salem Transit Authority Toneq’ McCullough NCG080023
Traffic Field Operations,
City Yard
Salt, Sand, and Soil Storage and Maintenance
Activities Keith Huff N/A
Sanitation Refuse & Yard Waste Collection, Household
Recycling Chris Christmas N/A
Fairgrounds Annex Concerts, Sporting Events, Ice-Skating Robert Mulhearn N/A
Benton Convention Center Food Service, Convention Activities Ben Rowe N/A
Dixie Classic Fairgrounds Food Service, Agricultural Exhibits, Automobile
Demolition Derby Cheryle Hartley N/A
Bowman Grey Stadium Automobile Racing, Sporting Events, Food
Service Ben Rowe N/A

Municipal Facilities/Operations that have Abbreviated Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans
(Spill Response Plans and Procedures, Site Maps, and Nonstructural BMPs)

Table 13.4
City Department Division or Operational Activities Contact Name NPDES Permit Number
WSDOT
(Five facilities) Parking Decks/Lots Toneq’ McCullough N/A
Recreation and Parks
(30 facilities)
Equipment Maintenance and Washing, Swimming
Pool Chemicals, and Recreation Centers William Royston N/A
Central Warehouse
(Two facilities) Fertilizer and Chemical Storage Nick Geis N/A
Fire
(21 facilities ) Fire Stations and HazMat Storage Chief William Mayo N/A

36

Municipal Facilities/Operations that are scheduled for Site Assessments and/or Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plans (General Stormwater Permitted or Abbreviated – Depends on
Operational Magnitude and Nature of Activities)
Table 13.5
City Department Division or Operational Activities Contact Name NPDES Permit Number
Utilities Construction and Maintenance Division Courtney Driver N/A
Northwest WTP Courtney Driver NC0086762
Thomas WTP Courtney Driver NC0079821
Neilson WTP Courtney Driver NC0086011
Police Crime Evidence Storage and Vehicle Preparation
and Processing
Chief Catrina
Thompson N/A
Vegetation Management Chemical Storage and Fertilizer Application
Activities Nick Geis N/A
Neighborhood Services Abandoned Automobile Storage Area Marla Newman N/A
Property Maintenance Properties that may cause or contribute to
stormwater pollution Nick Geis N/A
3RC Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Michelle Sakwa N/A
WSDOT Traffic Maintenance, Warehouse Storage, and
Paint Shop Activities Keith Huff N/A

Best Management Practices for Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal
Operations:

13.6 Operation and Maintenance Program for Municipal Facilities: The City of Winston-Salem
has created and implemented multiple comprehensive programs in order to mitigate or eliminate
pollutant exposure from entering the Waters of the State or MS4 – please reference the BMP
Summary Table 13.3.

13.7 Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations: The Stormwater
Division has identified 25 municipal facilities/operations that have the significant potential for
generating polluted stormwater runoff. As of June 2019, one municipal facility/operation has
implemented stormwater pollution prevention plans (SPPPs) in order to remove pollutant
exposure to stormwater runoff (Tables 13.3 and 13.4). Ten municipal facilities/operations have
been designated for site pollution assessments/inspections with SPPP creation and
implementation, if needed (Table 13.5).

13.8 Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations (including the MS4
system and associated Structural BMPs): The Stormwater Division has been conducting good
housekeeping inspections of municipal facilities/operations since January 2004. The inspection
process focuses on current best management practices (BMPs) of chemical/substances (e.g. salt,
gasoline, soil, etc.) storage, waste disposal, outdoor processes (e.g. vehicle and equipment
washing), material un/loading, and automotive-related activities. In addition, Stormwater staff
37

evaluates the effectiveness of structural BMPs, stormwater discharge outfall(s) condition, off-site
erosion, and recommends corrective measures and/or BMP implementation (nonstructural or
structural) for the facility. All generated inspection reports are posted on an internal shared drive
as well as hard copies that are delivered to the Division/Department Superintendent and Director
of Operations Johnnie Taylor. The Stormwater Division retains an electronic copy and hard
copies of completed inspection forms. Once corrective measures have been installed or
implemented, stormwater personnel verify BMP effectiveness. The last comprehensive revision
to the City’s municipal inventory database was completed in October 2013; an update was
finalized by staff in June 2019.

13.9 Spill Response Procedures for Municipal Facilities and Operations: For municipally-owned
facilities that are not required to apply for a NPDES stormwater permit, an abbreviated SPPP has
been created and implemented by City staff. A key component of this abbreviated SWPPP is
spill response plan and procedures that are site-specific. Each municipal operation/facility
performs spill response training on an annual basis. Table 13.4 contains a list of municipal
facilities/operations that have implemented an abbreviated SPPP.

13.10 Prevent or Minimize Contamination of Stormwater Runoff from all areas used for Vehicle
and Equipment Cleaning: Upon inspection of each municipal facility/operation, structural and
nonstructural BMPs are recommended for implementation. Stormwater staff promotes
vehicle/equipment washing at City Yard. These washing bays discharge into an oil and water
separator, which is connected into the sanitary sewer. Parking lots for abandoned vehicles will
be evaluated for installation of an oil and water separator. If structural BMPs cannot be installed,
the vehicle-washing activities will be performed in accordance with NPDES requirements.
Selected BMPs will be incorporated into an abbreviated SPPP in order to reflect on-site practices
and measures.

13.11 Select BMPs for Pollutant Reduction on Municipal Streets, Roads, and Public Parking
Lots: The Stormwater Division has worked in collaborative efforts with Winston-Salem Transit
Authority, Streets Division, and Winston-Salem Department of Transportation in order to
identify pollutant-laden stormwater runoff from public streets, roads, and parking lots. Selected
BMPs for implementation include increased street sweeping, enhanced MS4 trash and sediment
removal, issuance of condensed spill response plans and procedures for hydrocarbon releases,
and implementing a maintenance program for existing structural BMPs, which receive inputs
from public streets and roads.

13.12 Implementation of Maintenance Programs for Municipal Streets, Roads, and Public
Parking Lots: The Stormwater Division has amended the contractor’s street sweeping
agreement to allow additional sweeping activities to occur on an ‘as needed’ basis, if conditions
require further cleaning. For example, these services have been used on several occasions when
sediment has been deposited in a public street and no responsible party could be identified.

13.13 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) for Municipal Structural Stormwater BMPs and the
Stormwater Sewer System: The Stormwater Division has developed and implemented a
comprehensive operation and maintenance program for structural BMPs as well as the MS4.
This O & M Program includes (but not limited to) these activities:

38

 Street (right-of-way) structure maintenance (pipes and catch basins): drainage
structures are inspected and cleaned, as needed. Structure condition is denoted and
prioritized for repairing, when required.
 Street sweeping: each city street is swept once a year with heavily polluted roadways
being swept bimonthly. The Streets Division contracts with an outside vendor, who
utilizes high efficiency vacuum street sweeper for maximum pollutant (e.g. trash, TSS,
and nutrient) removal.

13.14 Conduct Staff Training: A web-based power point presentation and booklet is mandatory for
all current and new municipal employees, which are not administrative positions, to view and
synthesize awareness information regarding goodhousekeeping practices as well as illicit
discharge identification and detection. Once training has been completed, City departments
record each employee’s name and employee ID number for documentation purposes and submit
these training logs to the Senior Community Educator. These educational materials serve for
refreshing current employees’ awareness of pollution prevention techniques.

13.15 Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Program
Summary

1. Stormwater staff performed four Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP)
inspections/reinspections at Fleet Services during FY 2018 - 2019.
2. As the City of Winston-Salem hired new employees, 264 city employees viewed the
stormwater orientation video and received a copy of the handbook, Stormwater Runoff:
Municipal Good Housekeeping and Pollution Prevention.
3. The City’s Recycle Today Program has collected 13,045.34 tons of recyclable materials
during FY 2018 - 2019. Please refer to Appendix B for tabular quantities of recycled
materials.
4. 3RC collected and recycled, reused, or incinerated 772.0 tons of household hazardous
materials.
5. The Sanitation Division collected and composted 42,315.21 tons of leaves and vegetative
material.
6. During FY 2018 - 2019, the Streets Division inspected 43,847 stormwater conveyance
structures and 23,049 MS4 structures were cleaned-out during this duration.
7. Miles of public streets and roads swept = 10,343

39

14. MONITOR and EVALUATE STORMWATER DISCHARGES to
MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS

Objective:

1. Evaluate pollutants in stormwater discharges to the permittee’s MS4 from hazardous
waste treatment, disposal and recovery facilities, industrial facilities subject to Section
313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA),
and industrial facilities that the Permittee determines are contributing or having a
potential to contribute a substantial pollutant loading to the municipal storm sewer
system.

14.1 BMP Summary Table
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a
Maintain an
Inventory of
Industrial Sites
A complete list has been generated
and updated by the Stormwater
Division. This list consists of:
industrial facilities that are permitted
as defined by 40 CFR 122.26, SARA
Title III, Resource Conservation &
Recovery Act (i.e. hazardous waste),
or identified as having/had an illicit
discharge.
x x x x x Stormwater Inspector

b Inspection Program
Created and implemented in early
2004, the Stormwater Division has
proactively inspected NPDES
industrial facilities. Our current
inventory has been prioritized based
upon potential impacts to surface
waters. Inspection procedures were
modified in July 2006 because of an
EPA Audit.
x x x x x Stormwater Inspector
c
Establish and
Implement
Measures to
Evaluate
Commercial and
Industrial Facilities
discharging
stormwater to the
City of Winston-
Salem’s MS4
During the course of the on-site
inspection, the Stormwater staff
evaluates analytical and qualitative
sampling data, visual field
observations of the stormwater
collection system and outfalls, and
effectiveness of BMPs (nonstructural
and structural). A copy of every
completed inspection form is
forwarded to DEMLR, WSRO.
x x x x x Stormwater Inspector

Best Management Practices for the Program to Monitor and Evaluate Stormwater Discharges to
Municipal Systems:

14.2 Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Sites: A complete list has been created by the Stormwater
Division. This list consists of industrial facilities that are permitted as defined by 40 CFR
122.26, SARA Title III, hazardous waste facilities, or identified as having or had an illicit
discharge. The Stormwater Division has updated this master list in July 2019; annual evaluating
and updating of the master list will be performed by the Stormwater Inspector.
40

14.3 Inspection Program: Initially, inspection techniques consisted of examining every permit
compliance measure in accordance with state NPDES stormwater permit, inspect the inside
facility for illicit connections, and focus on SPPP records. Our current techniques are based
upon revised 2006 EPA inspection methods, which include observations of effectiveness of
nonstructural and structural BMPs, the facility’s stormwater collection system and stormwater
discharge outfalls, site maps, and validation written SPPP protocols to actual field observations.

The City of Winston-Salem has prioritized industrial facilities within its municipal limits to be
inspected. The Stormwater Division used the following sources to generate the list:

1. EPA’s Envirofacts Database for Toxic Release Inventory (SARA Title III) and RCRA
(hazardous waste treatment, disposal, and recovery) facilities
2. NC Department of Water Resources Database (General and Individual Permitted
industrial facilities, as per 40 CFR 122.26)
3. The City of Winston-Salem Facilities’ Database (Municipal Operations/Facilities that are
permitted under 40 CFR 122.26)
4. Illicit Discharge Reports
5. Prioritized pollutants of concern (e.g. TMDL watershed, recurrences in water quality
exceedances of standards, etc.)

When combining the above-mentioned databases, facilities that appeared multiple times due to
their industrial activities and governmental regulations were ranked. As a result, the Stormwater
Division assigned these industrial facilities with a ‘high-priority’ ranking due to the elevated
probability of significant adverse impact to surface waters. The Industrial Inspector will target
these facilities for inspections; our goal is to inspect every permitted facility once every five
years.

14.4 Establish and Implement Measures to Evaluate Commercial and Industrial Facilities
discharging stormwater to the City’s MS4: During the course of the onsite inspection,
Stormwater staff evaluates first flush data in regards to benchmark values, visual field
observations of SDOs, and effectiveness of nonstructural and structural BMPs. The Stormwater
Division has a good working relationship with the NC Division of Mineral and Land Resources,
Winston-Salem Regional Office. A copy of every completed inspection and reinspection form is
forwarded to Mr. Brandon Wise, Environmental Specialist, who is assigned to Forsyth County.

14.5 Monitor and Evaluate Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems Program Summary

1. During FY 2018 - 2019, the Stormwater Division inspected/reinspected twelve industrial
facilities - please refer to Appendix C for a complete list.
2. 90 percent of inspected facilities achieved successful completion of corrective measures
during FY 2018 – 2019.

41

15. WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT and MONITORING

Objective:

1. Evaluate the impacts on water quality.

15.1 BMPs for Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITIONS
a
Water Quality
Assessment and
Monitoring Plan
The Stormwater Division has
created and implemented a
water quality assessment and
monitoring plan.
x x x x x
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Engineering
Technicians
b Water Quality
Monitoring
Stormwater staff performs
quarterly, fixed interval
sampling at 13 locations
throughout Winston-Salem.
x x x x x
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Engineering
Technicians

15.2 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Program: Water quality samples are collected on
a quarterly, fixed interval basis at each monitoring site – 13 monitoring locations have been
strategically-selected throughout the municipal boundaries. Appendix D contains numerous
maps of fixed interval monitoring locations throughout the City of Winston-Salem. Samples are
collected in a composite method, except for fecal coliforms and E. coli, which are grab samples
in accordance with 40 CFR 136.3. Composite samples are collected every 15 minutes in 100
milliliter aliquots for a 24 hour period. Parameters analyzed by a multiparameter meter are
immediately obtained and recorded streamside.

15.3 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Program Summary: monitoring and assessment
data is analyzed for trends over time in order to identify problem areas that are emerging or that
need additional regulatory/non-regulatory actions to support management decisions such as
TMDLs, NPDES permits, ordinance enforcement, and nonpoint sources.

1. Stormwater staff performs quarterly, fixed interval sampling at 13 locations throughout Winston-
Salem for pollutant perimeters of BOD, TSS, TDS, Turbidity, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Total & Dissolved
Cu, Total & Dissolved Zn Total & Dissolved P, NO2, NO3, TKN, and fecal coliforms. During
FY 2018 – 2019, Stormwater staff collected 918 water samples with certified laboratory analyses
and 432 water samples were collected within Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek Watersheds.
Appendix F contains fixed interval water quality data for FY 2018 – 2019.
2. Stormwater Field staff collected and analyzed 1,022 instantaneous parameters for FY 2018-2019
via YSI multiparameter meters as well as portable Chemets test kits for ammonia and nitrate
detection.
3. Stormwater staff collected 24 fecal coliform samples within Salem Creek, Brushy Fork, and
Peters Creek Watersheds in order to observe bacterial loading concentrations within impaired,
local waters
42

16. TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS (TMDLs)
Objectives:

1. Determine whether a TMDL has been developed and approved or established by EPA for
the receiving water(s) of the permittee’s MS4 NPDES stormwater discharge.

2. The permittee will utilize BMPs within the six minimum measures to address the
permittee’s assigned NPDES regulated stormwater waste load allocation (WLA)
identified in the approved TMDL to the maximum extent practical and to the extent
authorized by law.

3. If subject to an approved TMDL with a NPDES regulated WLA assigned to the
permittee, the permittee will be considered in compliance with the TMDL if the permittee
complies with the conditions of this permit, including developing and implementing
appropriate BMPs within the six minimum measures to address the MS4’s NPDES
regulated WLA to the maximum extent practical (MEP). While improved water quality
is expected outcome, the permittee’s obligation is to implement BMPs designed to
address the NPDES regulated waste load allocation assigned to the permittee to the
maximum extent practical. The permittee is not responsible for attaining water quality
standards (WQS). The Division expects attaining WQS will only be achieved through
reduction from all point and nonpoint source contributors identified in the approved
TMDL.

16.1 Salem Creek Watershed TMDL BMP Summary Table
BMP Measurable Goals YR
1
YR
2
YR
3
YR
4
YR
5
RESPONSIBLE
POSITION/PARTY
a
Identify,
Describe, and
Map
Watershed,
Outfalls, and
Streams
The City of Winston-Salem has completed a
comprehensive watershed masterplan update
of Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
Watersheds in 2011. GIS data was collected
for these watersheds; information gathered
included all perennial streams, major
stormwater outfalls, and MS4 conveyance
systems. A revised reassessment period has
been tentatively scheduled during FY 2020 -
2021 for these watersheds.
X X X X X
Stormwater Operations
Analyst

Contracted Consultant
b Existing
Measures
The City of Winston Salem has implemented
12 nonstructural and structural BMPs in order
to reduce fecal coliform pollution within the
Salem Creek Watershed, as well as
contributing tributaries.
X X X X X
Senior Civil Engineer

Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Community Educator

c
Assessment of
Available
Monitoring
Data
Historical water quality data shows continual
fecal coliform pollution, with the majority of
results exceeding 400 cfu/100 milliliters
during wet and dry weather conditions.
X X X X X
Assistant Stormwater
Director

Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
d Monitoring
Plan
The Stormwater Division performed a
comprehensive program evaluation of its
TMDL monitoring plan in order to become
more efficient and effective. These improved
screening and trending methods were
implemented in November 2014.
X X X X X
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians
43

e Additional
Measures
The Stormwater Division has identified ten
nonstructural/structural BMPs for pollutant
reduction within the Salem Creek Watershed.
X X X X X
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians

Community Educator

Erosion Control Inspector
f Implementation
Plan
The City’s Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
comprises of six structural/nonstructural
BMPs for reducing pollutant loadings.
Washington Dog Park is the first proposed
water quality improvement project to be
designed within the Salem Creek Watershed;
preliminary design work was started during
FY 2017 – 2018. Construction commenced
during FY 2018 – 2019; work will be finished
by the June 2020.
X X X X X
Senior Civil Engineer

Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians
g Incremental
Success
The Stormwater Division plans to utilize its
geodatabase (Geographical Information
System) to document, analyze, and report
incremental successes to achieve its waste
load allocation.
X X X X X
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor

Stormwater Engineering
Technicians

16.2 Identify, Describe, and Map Watershed, Outfalls, and Streams: The City of Winston-Salem
has completed comprehensive watershed masterplan updates of Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters
Creek Watersheds in 2011. GIS data was collected for these watersheds; information gathered
included all perennial streams, major stormwater outfalls, and MS4 conveyance systems. In
addition, the Stormwater Division received hydraulic and hydrological modeling data as well as
pollutant loading data for future BMP implementation projects. A revised reassessment date for
these watersheds is scheduled for in FY 2020 - 2021.

16.3 Existing Measures: The City of Winston-Salem is implementing various structural and
nonstructural BMPs to achieve its waste load allocation (WLA) for fecal coliform reduction
within the Salem Creek Watershed. During FY 2018 – 2019, the Stormwater Division continued
to maintain these programmatic BMPs:

Existing Measures Status Explanation to Reduce Pollutant of
Concern
Central District PTRP Wet Pond –
captures first flush of runoff from the
adjacent Piedmont Triad Research Park. In
addition, 355 acres of ultra-urban drainage
area discharges to the pond. Pond has a
surface area of 2.98 acres and average depth
of ten feet (in the lower pond).
100 percent complete
Designed to remove 85 percent TSS
removal from influent, since fecal coliforms
adhere to TSS, a reduction in TSS should
yield a fecal coliform reduction of 50
percent. These reductions pertain to the
PTRP drainage area only.
Utilities Construction & Maintenance
Division
*Pipe Bursting and Slipping Program
*Lift Station Repair and Rehabilitation
Program
*Flood Reduction Projects – Inflow and
Infiltration
100 percent complete;
on-going operation
80 percent of the City’s sewer collection
system uses gravity for transporting sewage
to the POTW. As a result, significant
portions of sewer truck lines are positioned
adjacent to streams. Targeted rehabilitation
projects will be prioritized based upon
constitutes of SSOs, such as grease, roots,
and infrastructure age.
44

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Program (IDDE) - the Stormwater Division
performs fixed interval sampling regime of
13 sites across the City – 6 sites are located
in Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
Watersheds.
100 percent complete;
on-going operation

8 NOV’s were
successfully completed
with TMDL Watersheds

By proactively finding sanitary sewer
overflows (SSOs) and reducing the quantity
of sewage, the amount of fecal coliform
pollution is minimized. As a result, the
regeneration of fecal coliform bacteria
within the stream matrix is reduced, which
facilitates the recovery of the biotic
ecosystem at a more rapid rate.
Stream Walking (IDDE Program
Component) – Stormwater staff walked
approximately 0.64 miles of streams within
the Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
Watershed.
100 percent complete;
on-going operation
By proactively finding and eliminating
illicit sewer discharges and connections,
staff reduces the quantity of sewage
released to surface waters. As a result, the
total amount of released fecal coliform
pollution is reduced. Appendix E contains a
map of stream segments walked by
Stormwater staff during FY 2018 – 2019.
Public Education – Scoop-the-Poop
campaign. The public educator highlights
the detriments of fecal coliform pollution
within a riverine ecosystem as well as
‘factoids’ of feces (e.g. the amount of fecal
coliform bacteria per a gram of fecal matter,
the average weight of a dog’s bowel
movement, etc.)
100 percent complete;
on-going operation

825 pet waste
informational handouts
were distributed
throughout seven
locations.
By making pet owners aware of the
detriment of fecal coliform pollution, the
Stormwater Division wishes to facilitate a
behavioral change in citizens. If citizens
remove feces from the open environment,
the exposure of fecal coliform bacteria to
stormwater runoff has been eliminated.
Pet Waste Stations - the Senior Community
Educator has identified 48 pet waste
collection stations within green spaces
throughout Winston-Salem, including
downtown, which were installed by the
City’s Recreation and Parks Department. 35
of these 48 pet waste stations are located in
the Salem, Brushy Fork, and Peters Creek
Watersheds.

100 percent complete;
continuous operation

Stations provide ease of access for pet
owners to discard fecal waste and remove
from the open environment. To encourage
participation, the City furnishes waste bags
to the public, which are positioned on top of
the waste reticle. By eliminating the
exposure of fecal matter to the runoff,
bacteria are not discharged into waterways.
Pet Waste Ordinance – the City of
Winston-Salem has a forcible ordinance that
requires pet owners to pick up fecal matter
within its municipal boundaries.

100 percent complete;
continuous operation

By requiring pet owners to pick up fecal
matter from their pets, the exposure of
stormwater runoff to fecal coliforms has
been eliminated, thus reducing the fecal
pollution load to receiving waters.
Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance
- the City of Winston-Salem continues to
enforce its Sediment and Erosion Control
Ordinance, as per the 1973 Sedimentation
Control Act. Erosion control devices must
be installed and maintained for disturbed
areas greater than 10,000 square feet in order
to retain soils on-site.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation

122 erosion control
inspections were
performed by staff
within the Salem Creek
Watershed during FY
2018 - 2019.
Fecal coliforms are transported to receiving
waters by soil particles. In addition, fecal
coliform bacteria become resuspended once
discharged into the water matrix. As a
result, fecal coliform bacteria proliferate at
an increased rate and degrade surface waters
more rapidly. Thus, a decreased sediment
load yields reduced fecal coliforms to
receiving waters.
45

SUSTAIN Modeling Study – A consultant
preformed an EPA SUSTAIN model for the
Salem Creek Watershed. Eleven structural
BMPs were identified for installation or
retrofit.

100 percent complete
Based upon screening criteria, the
consultant determined that eleven sites
could be retrofitted or installed for
bioretention cells or stormwater wet ponds.
The modeling results showed that these
eleven sites might produce a 1.9 percent
reduction of fecal coliform pollution. The
associated costs would total $15,113,135.

Ditch Repair and Stabilization Program –
the Streets Division hires a private contractor
to repair and stabilize ditches within the
public right-of-way.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation

3,008 feet of ditch line
was repaired and/or
stabilized within the
Salem Creek
Watershed.
Traffic Field Operations, City Yard assesses
and prioritizes earthen conveyance swales
that serve as drainage for ribbed and paved
roadways. A private contractor restores
channel capacity to the ditch by removing
trash, sediment, or excessive vegetation. If
needed, the contractor reestablishes
vegetative cover within the ditch line in
order to eliminate sedimentation to
receiving waters.
70/30 Cost Share Drainage Improvement
Projects on Private Property – the City of
Winston Salem participates in repairing
private drainage conveyances, structures, or
channels. The City pays 70 percent of total
costs; the private party pays the remaining 30
percent.
The City of Winston-
Salem offers its citizens
a cost share program for
public assistance to
mitigate drainage issues
on private property.
One of the project
qualifying criteria is
severe erosion of
earthen conveyances or
stream banks; erosion is
a sediment-gain source
to receiving waters.
The Stormwater staff offers advice to
residential property owners regarding
stream stabilization techniques and
practices to reduce erosion.
Fats, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Reduction
Program – the City/County Utilities
Division has adopted and implemented a
FOG Reduction Program to remove excess
cooking and petroleum oils and grease prior
to entering the sewer collection system.
Responsible parties must have their
grease/oil separators pumped out by licensed
haulers at scheduled frequencies.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation
Grease and oil are the second-leading cause
of sewer overflows that reach surface waters
within the City of Winston-Salem. By
requiring grease/oil interceptors to be
properly maintained, these passive devices
can effectively retain grease from entering
the sewer collective system. As a result, the
quantity of released sewage (and fecal
coliforms) is reduced to streams.

16.4 Assessment of Available Monitoring Data: The Stormwater Section collected fecal coliform
samples from six major, baseline locations within Salem, Peters, and Brushy Fork Watersheds.
Stormwater staff collected 24 in-stream samples during dry and wet weather conditions; all grab
samples were analyzed by a North Carolina-certified laboratory. Appendix G contains fecal
coliform data for FY 2018 – 2019. When assessing historical fecal coliform sample
concentrations, staff observed numerous trends from the database. These observations include:

 During wet weather conditions, all fecal coliform samples were above 400 cfu/100
milliliters. A majority of this sample population exceeded 1,000 cfu/100 milliliters.
 Dry weather sampling results showed an inconsistent pattern of fecal coliform
exceedances. When staff sampled the same outfall at differed time intervals, fecal
coliform concentrations oscillated above or below the water quality standard for Class C
waters.
46

 The Stormwater Division identified the positive correlation of an independent variable to
fecal coliform concentrations. As ambient temperature increases, so does fecal coliform
concentrations within local streams.
 A very weak correlation exists between fecal coliform concentrations and upland land use
with insufficient evidence for predicting or isolating fecal coliform sources.
 Due to the above-mentioned observations, the Stormwater Division assumes that fecal
coliform pollution exists universally throughout its municipal boundaries.

16.5 Monitoring Plan: The Stormwater Division performed a comprehensive program evaluation of
its TMDL monitoring plan in order to become more efficient and effective. The Stormwater
Division implemented numerous modifications to the existing plan in November 2014. These
modifications included:

 Obtained absolute fecal coliform concentrations (through aliquot dilution) in stream
segments to establish an impairment priority ranking.
 Sampled targeted subwatersheds during varying weather conditions.
 Perform water quality sampling at strategically-selected locations within Salem, Brushy
Fork, and Peters Creek Watersheds in order to identify fecal coliform sources and/or
evaluate stormwater control measures for pollutant removal efficiencies.
 A location within Salem Creek (Fraternity Church Road) was sampled at a quarterly
frequency for establishing baseline, pollutant concentrations.
 Instantaneous water quality indicators were obtained at each sampling event. These
parameters include water temperature, total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, dissolved
oxygen (milligrams per a liter and percent saturation), and rainfall amount or time since
last rainfall.
 Collected water samples in various dry and wet weather conditions.

16.6 Additional Measures: The City of Winston-Salem anticipates the implementation of numerous
nonstructural BMPs in order to expand current pollutant reduction strategies within the Salem
Creek and Muddy Creek Watersheds. By expanding current BMP strategies to the maximum
extent practical, the City hopes to benefit from synergic pollutant reductions within the targeted
watershed. The following matrix presents the City’s expanded measures (with corresponding
explanations) in order to reduce fecal coliform loadings within the Salem Creek and Muddy
Creek Watersheds:

Additional Measures
Explanation of Designed
Measures to Achieve MS4’s
NPDES WLA to the MEP
Status of Designed Measure
(FY 2018 – 2019)
Responsible Staff for
Implementation
Perform
Goodhousekeeping
Awareness Education with
local Animal Shelters
By evaluating current business
practices, the Stormwater
Division wishes to provide
local shelters with new or
modified cleaning methods to
prevent or eliminate fecal
coliform exposure to the open
environment.
825 pet waste educational
pamphlets were distributed to
seven local animal shelters and
veterinary clinics.
Senior Community
Educator
47

Perform a collaborated
awareness program with
the City’s Parks and
Recreation for signage and
pet waste collection
stations at frequently used
municipally-owned areas.
In addition, a stormwater
representative will perform
on-site educational
presentations with park
users.
The Stormwater Division
wishes citizens to have a
heightened awareness of the
detrimental effects of bacterial
pollution to receiving waters.
Thus, the overarching goal of
this measure is to highlight the
importance of collecting pet
waste and eliminating the
exposure of fecal coliforms to
runoff.
The Senior Community
Educator is working to
identify all pet waste station
locations within the city limits;
the Educator is working in
collaborative efforts with the
Recreation and Parks
Department in order to weigh
pet waste that is being
collected. The overarching
goal is to quantify removed
fecal coliforms and nutrients
from reaching surface waters.
Senior Community
Educator
Facilitate a private-public
partnership for pet waste
receptacle placement in
common areas of high
density residential housing.
By having readily access to
disposal bins, the Stormwater
Division anticipates targeted
residents to use waste stations
rather than leaving fecal matter
on the ground.
The Stormwater Division is
fostering relationships with
local apartment complexes for
installing pet waste
receptacles. Pet waste
informative cards were
distributed at two apartment
complexes for tenants’
educational purposes.
Senior Community
Educator
Evaluate municipal
operations and facilities for
opportunities of fecal
coliform reduction.
The goal of this measure entails
the modification of work
practices to eliminate fecal
coliform exposure to the
environment. By eliminating
fecal coliform exposure, the
overall waste load allocation is
reduced.
For FY 2018 – 2019, the
Stormwater Inspector verified
nonstructural BMPs at the
Carolina Classic Fair Cattle
Barn during operational
activities.
Stormwater Inspector

Carolina Classic Fair
Staff
Create and implement
confirmation methodology
for locating failing septic
tank systems within the
City of Winston-Salem
Failing septic tanks contribute
human fecal coliform loading
to the MS4, if illicit discharges
are allowed to persist. By
refining the City’s IDDE
protocols for failing septic
tanks, the City will achieve
greater success in obtaining its
waste load allocation.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation

Stormwater
Technicians

Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
Create and implement a
water quality sampling
program for ‘at-risk’ areas
of exfiltration from the
City’s sewer collection
system. After significant
storm events, Stormwater
staff will sample the
downstream stream for
sewage indicator pollutants
in order to minimize the
quantity of released
sewage.
The Utilities Division has
modeled and identified areas of
exfiltration within the sewer
collection system. Since 80
percent of sewer collection
system is adjacent to surface
waters, the likelihood of a SSO
remains great. Therefore, a
proactive program of mitigating
released sewage to waterways
remains paramount.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation

Stormwater
Technicians

Utilities Construction
& Maintenance
Engineering Staff

Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
48

Explore new
methodologies of locating
and removing failing septic
tank systems from
discharging into receiving
surface waters.
By utilizing GIS tools in
conjunction with innovative
techniques, the Stormwater
Division proactively locates
potential ‘hot spots’ of septic
tank failures.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation.
Forsyth County
Department of Health

Stormwater
Technicians
Perform water quality
sampling of stormwater
discharge outfalls from
municipally-owned
properties that have a great
potential to contribute fecal
coliform pollution to
streams. The purpose of
this sampling effort is to
confirm the justification of
designing and constructing
structural control measures
to treat stormwater runoff.
By validating fecal coliform
pollutant concentrations, the
Stormwater Division is able to
justify and prioritize capital
improvement funds for
structural control measure
expenditures. The Stormwater
Division can maximize the
pollutant removal efficiency per
dollars spent. An overall
reduction to the City’s WLA is
expected from implementing
structural control measures.
Stormwater Technicians
performed stormwater
discharge outfall monitoring at
Washington Dog Park.
Finalized data validates the
need for installing structural
stormwater controls for
reducing fecal coliform
loading to Salem Creek.
Stormwater
Technicians

Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
Street sweeping activities
in ‘hot spot’ areas within
the Salem Creek
Watershed that focuses on
strategic timing and
location.
Fecal coliform bacteria are
transported into receiving
streams by adsorbing onto soil
particles. By increasing the
frequency of street sweeping in
designated areas, the City will
eliminate the transport
mechanism, thus reducing the
fecal coliform loading within
the Salem Creek Watershed.
Street sweeping efforts have
increased, in response to
citizen complaints and
designated areas of
concentrated construction
activities. In particular, the
street sweeping activities
have been significantly
intensified for the Downtown
Business District of Winston-
Salem.
Assistant DOT
Director

Traffic Field
Operations Director
Continued rehabilitation of
infrastructure collection
systems (sanitary sewer
and stormwater) for
continuous and effective
operation
Aging infrastructure creates
conditions that permit fecal
coliform pollution to persist,
which include hydraulic
overloading, sedimentation due
to structural failures, and
riverine flooding.
Rehabilitation improvement
projects will reduce fecal
coliform loading by eliminating
failure causes.
100 percent complete;
continuous operation
Utilities Construction
& Maintenance
Division

Traffic Field
Operations, City Yard

49

16.7 Implementation Plan: The City of Winston-Salem plans to implement the following structural
and nonstructural BMPs in order to reduce fecal coliform pollution within the Salem Creek
Watershed, in accordance with permit requirements. Appendix H contains a five year capital
improvement project (CIP) list of proposed structural BMPs; numerous of these listed projects
support fecal coliform load reduction within the City of Winston-Salem.

Structural/Nonstructural Control
Measures Explanation of Desired Outcomes Status and Schedule
Washington Dog Park – a
bioretention cell will receive the first
inch of stormwater runoff from the
upland drainage area. Storm flows
greater than the first inch will be
diverted to Salem Creek. Vegetative
Management and Streets Drainage
Divisions will perform routine
maintenance on the bioretention cell.
The Washington Dog Park is located within
75 feet of Salem Creek’s top of bank. The
park is the only and most heavily-used dog
recreational area within Winston-Salem. A
pet waste receptacle is positioned at the park’s
only access point; the total elimination of
fecal coliform bacteria from the open
environment remains unachievable to obtain.
Thus, the permanent installation of a
bioretention cell will remove the residual fecal
matter from stormwater runoff. The
anticipated pollutant removal of fecal
coliform bacteria should be approximately 80
percent.
The Traffic Field Operations
Director has allocated $500,000
in CIP funding to construct a
bioretention cell as well as
restore 318 feet of an unnamed
tributary to Salem Creek. SCM
and streambank restoration
construction work commenced
during FY 2018 – 2019;
construction activities will be
finished during FY 2019 - 2020.
Blum Park Wetland – a stormwater
wetland, within the Upper Peters
Creek Watershed, that was
constructed and placed on-line during
FY 2015 - 2016. This 1.3 acre
wetland was designed to receive the
first inch of rainfall from the upland
drainage area; this wetland serves as
a focal point for the surrounding
neighborhood.
The wetland receives stormwater runoff from
a drainage area of 168 acres, which is very
diverse in upland land usage. Land uses of
the drainage basin include light industrial,
commercial business, institutional, and high
density residential. All of the previously-
mentioned land uses have great potential to
export nutrient, fecal coliform, thermal, and
metal pollutants, thus validating the need for a
structural stormwater control in this strategic
location.
Because of permit workload
requirements as well as staffing
factor demands, the Stormwater
Section was not able to collect
influent and effluent water
samples for the Blum Park
Wetland. More data collection
is scheduled for FY 2019 – 2020
in order to more accurately
characterize SCM performance
Sanitation Collection Truck
Storage Yard – the city’s
Engineering Division Property is
retrofitting an existing facility to
serve as a new storage area for
sanitation collection trucks.
Stormwater runoff from the proposed
storage area will be conveyed into an
oil water separator, which discharges
into the facility’s stormwater wet
pond.
This treatment train is designed to
significantly reduce fecal coliform pollution
through solid separation, exposure to
ultraviolet radiation, and natural predation
from protozoan organisms within the wet
pond.
The Stormwater Division
deferred collection of the
influent and effluent sampling
due to pending facility
maintenance during FY 2019 –
2020.
50

TMDL Monitoring Plan – a
program evaluation was performed
by staff, which revealed several
information gaps within the
monitoring plan. In order to devise a
clearer and effective strategic TMDL
masterplan, the Stormwater Division
will implement new sampling
procedures to identify and quantify
fecal coliform loadings from
contributing drainage areas.
By incorporating new procedures into its
Monitoring Plan, the Stormwater Division
will be able to prioritize drainage areas for
stormwater management controls. In
addition, Stormwater staff becomes able to
determine the appropriate
nonstructural/structural control measures for
implementation. A pilot study may result in a
statistical correlation of workload measures to
actual waste load allocation reduction.
New sampling procedures have
been finalized with Stormwater
staff being trained on program
amendments. The new sampling
procedures were implemented in
November 2014.
Salem Creek Structural Control
Masterplan – a consultant
performed an assessment of the
Salem Creek Watershed in order to
generate a prospective list of sites for
structural control measure placement.
Once identified, computer modeling
was used to develop a priority
ranking system for BMP type, size,
and projected costs.
The masterplan serves as a long-term strategic
blueprint to achieving the MS4’s waste load
allocation. By strategically placing structural
control measures on sites with high pollutant
loadings, the Stormwater Division is able to
validate the cost-effectiveness and removal
efficiency to the public, elected officials, and
the City Manager’s Office. In addition, the
Stormwater Division will develop a long-term
capital improvement project performa
spending plan for Council’s approval.
This structural control measure
masterplan was completed and
delivered to the Stormwater
Division in July of 2013. Due to
fund availability and project
prioritization order, the first
designated bioretention cell for
implementation is scheduled to
be operational by the summer of
2021. Since 15 sites were
selected for BMP
retrofit/installation opportunities,
the Stormwater Division projects
BMP implementation to
continue until 2040.

16.8 Incremental Success: The Stormwater Division utilizes various mechanisms to document,
analyze, and report incremental successes to achieve WLA reduction. The methodology used for
documenting measure success (and ultimately, wasteload reduction) depends on measure type
(i.e. nonstructural and structural). However, the Stormwater Division has adopted the below-
posted departmental standards for validating actual pollutant reduction loading to the
effectiveness of implemented control measures. These standards include:
 Perform water quality sampling before and after control measures have been
implemented at major stormwater discharge outfalls. This methodology allows staff to
determine the casual relationship of measure(s) effectiveness to actual pollutant
reduction. Since water quality samples will collected during varying weather conditions,
the overall trend in percent reduction should become evident over a period of time. The
Stormwater Division realizes that other variables may cause anomalies or ‘outliers’
within trending data, but overall long-term declining percentages should be able to
validate implemented control measures.
 Long-term data (five to ten years) will be needed to provide observable deductions in
wasteload allocation reductions within subwatersheds. Due to the dynamic nature of
biological ecosystems as well as the large percentage of pollutant reduction required, the
Stormwater Division needs a substantial data population to correlate a percent reduction.
 Fecal coliform concentrations are interval data – a common standard is used to derive
colony-forming units (cfu) per 100 milliliters of sample. Therefore, every effort should
be spent to use statistical correlation to refine appropriate BMPs for WLA reduction.
51

 Whenever possible, use scientific journal articles (or similar professionally peer-reviewed
literature), quality controlled/assured laboratory analyses (from a North Carolina certified
laboratory), or professional engineered-sealed material when validating reduction
methodologies for this TMDL Implementation Plan. Any best professional assumptions
must be qualified with footnotes within supporting documents.

Stream segments, within impaired watersheds, will be sampled for fecal coliforms in order to create a
contribution load-ranking order. Once structural BMPs have been successfully implemented, staff will
sample both influent and effluent locations in order to obtain the reduced waste load percentage from
receiving waters. A cumulative table (e.g. Excel spreadsheet) will track all removed pollutant loading
within the Salem Creek (and contributing tributaries) Watershed. Staff will continue to collect fecal
coliform samples at a baseline monitoring station, which is positioned within the bottom reach of the
watershed. This baseline station will confirm the overall reduction of fecal coliforms concentrations
within the watershed. By continued efforts of BMP implementation, the City of Winston-Salem strives
to achieve its waste load allocation reduction.

16.9 Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) Program Summary

1. 7,059 linear feet were stabilized in streams or dry ditches within the City of Winston-Salem.
2. A contracted vendor performed 10,343 linear miles of street sweeping activities for public
roadways during FY 2018 -2019.
3. Street sweeping activities were maintained from the previous year’s efforts within the Downtown
Business District of Winston-Salem.

52

APPENDIX
A

53

Appendix A
Traffic Field Operations Department
Stormwater/Erosion Control Division

Organizational Chart

Keith Huff
Traffic Field Operations
Director
Ladonta Clark
Stormwater Operations
Supervisor
Mackenzie
Phillips
Stormwater
Engineering Technician
Vacant
Stormwater
Engineering Technician
Vacant
Stormwater Inspector
Andy Allen
Assistant Stormwater
Director
Vacant
Special Projects
Coordinator
Todd Love
Sr. Civil Engineer
Joe Fogarty
Stormwater Engineer
Hanna Miller
Senior Community
Educator
Joyce White
Stormwater Operations
Analyst
Matt Osborne
Erosion Control
Engineer/
Floodplain Manager
David Evans
Erosion Control
Inspector
Kent Wall
Erosion Control
Inspector
Wesley Williams
Erosion Control
Inspector
Vacant
Erosion Control
Inspector
Neil Uldrick
Civil Engineer
54

APPENDIX
B

55

Appendix B

City of Winston-Salem
Recycle Today Program

Total Quantities of Recycled Materials for FY 2018 – 2019

Material Quantity (in tons) Expressed as Percentage of
Total Tonnage (%)
Glass 4,518.36 34.64
Plastic 845.82 6.48
Metal 390.82 3.00
Paper 7,290.34 55.88
TOTAL 13,045.34 100.00
56

APPENDIX
C

57

Appendix C

FY 2018-2019 Industrial & Municipal Goodhousekeeping Inspection List
Permit
Number Facility Name Owner Type NPDES Permit Category Permit
Status *
NCG080801
Fleet Services
(Inspected twice during the PY due
to spill)
Municipal
Government
Transportation with Vehicle
Maintenance Active MGH/ D
/ S
NCG100008 Lewisville Motor Company Inc. Non-Government Used Motor Vehicle Parts Active D
NCG200349 Omnisource Southeast, LLC. Non-Government Wholesale Trade of Metal Waste and
Scrap Active D
NCG100136
109 U-Pull-It Used Auto
(Reinspected twice due to
outstanding issues)
Non-Government Used Motor Vehicle Parts Active D/OI
NCG080936 Trimac Transportation Company Non-Government Transportation with Vehicle
Maintenance Active V

* = Legend Key
D (Duration) = five years since last inspection
OI (Outstanding Issues) = require a follow-up inspection
MGH (Municipal Goodhousekeeping) = municipal
operation/facility
N (New) = never inspected by the Stormwater Division
V (Verify) = verify permit status since last inspection
S (Spill)

58

APPENDIX
D
59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

APPENDIX
E

74

75

76

APPENDIX
F

77

78

79

80

81

APPENDIX
G

82

83

APPENDIX
H

84

Appendix H

Stormwater Capital Improvement Projects (CIPs)
FYs 2019 - 2024

The table below contains a master list of five-year capital improvements projects (CIPs) plan for the
Stormwater/Erosion Control Division. The justification source for each project is denoted for budgetary
and financial reporting purposes.

Rank Project Title Project
Cost
New or
Continuing City Plan Rank Justification
1 Old Salem Drainage Project $4,511,840 Continuing Council Project awarded by Council
2 Edgebrook and Bethabara Infrastructure
Improvements $885,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Emergency Repair
3 Macon Drive Drainage Project $567,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Emergency Repair
4 Bennett Drive Infrastructure $514,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Undersized piping within
ROW
5 261 Commonwealth Drive $424,500 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Failing Infrastructure within
ROW
6 Spring Park Drainage Project $1,500,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Emergency Repair
7 Washington Park Stabilization and Retrofit
Project $1,021,110 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Water Quality Enhancement
8 Stormwater Infrastructure Improvements $1,000,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy ROW Drainage Repairs
9 Drainage Improvements on Private Property $250,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Private property assistance
10 Salt Dome Conveyor System $150,000 New PP & MGH Safety/Facility Enhancement
11 7th Street Drainage Project $1,750,000 Continuing Council Public/Private Drainage
Repair
12 FEMA Flood Grant 2870 Marguerite Park
Drive $206,921 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Structure flooding assistance
13 City Yard Remediation Project (Phase I) $3,566,017 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Regulatory compliance
14 City Yard Remediation Project (Phase II) $7,122,099 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Water Quality Enhancement
15 City Yard 48" CMP (bore/jack replacement) $410,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Failing Infrastructure within
ROW
16 PTRP Piping Enhancement Project $300,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Water Quality Enhancement
17 995 Somerset Stream Stabilization Project $415,000 Continuing Chapter 7 Legacy Stream Repair Project