Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout20091050 Ver 1_Shoreline Stabilization_20091005 '09- 1 05 0 The following; is an ahhreviated application form for those applying for a 401 Water Quality Certification to impact FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) regulated lake shore or bottom under the t_J.S. Array Corps of Engineers Permit 01'30. This Application cannot. he used for wetland or stream impacts. Please provide five (.5) copies of this application and supporting; information as well as a non-refundable application fee to the Division of Water Quality of $240.00 for impacts to lake bottom of less than 1 acre and x+570.00 for impacts to lake bottom of gre"ate??"" ?r? equal to 1 acre. Applicrations should he sent to; Division (of Water Quality 401 Oversight/Express Review Perinitting 1(i50 Mail Service Center ? R @2 Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 000W- 1. Applicant Information OCT 5 2009 ?. Owneli,^,i?hhc?urs 1nllllln??tilln DENR-WATER'QUAetfr WETLANDS AND STORUWATER BRANCH 9 AY Mailing Addross. 390 18 ?Q C.9M /sly G.{ 7 4. f A -/ / ? v (11-e nl c_. _ ) 9181 B etc nIu?lrc "vlllni3ti•1 ? Lcl o ? /,?` __ l ..rll<lil Addilt,ss: :r. Arent [nf)rmatioti (A sit"'nCd all<I &)(c I colvi' ('t G!I " klieg- nlus( h ,_'n'lched if ?l?ll A??cllt h?_ls 5i?nrli(?>I?, ?_Iljtlf??hil?? t?(al- Il?y?. ?? , a3(°riad>????i?_??rl?t.) ?,(n3?tllany. Afl?iiittiul?: -- Nbillig2. Address: 'l?elellhl,n(° '?Jllnlhcr: 11. Pro.ject Informal.ion ?tt< .1-1 vicinity m'tlA• ll;S"lV SIRi)1?Vn? ll"1 (' iQ)(:df'1d?1P O1 .il. i?E.}ii?.9'1•. 5;1i'[? ?(1?"? . !ea ?t?a't?:' i•u?ijn???r'ir. .,.„E, as low ns. 1'tv(°t s. ,In(l ro;Os. Al,ul pi-o vidi: <I dci,:lllek( site plan ?.'s?;;; x€??? ,>T?1i>(?r?(% h,r??l!rld=l.tc a .lol?? develclplrle111 i)ians in Ivlatiov) 10 srnr(x.llldl„n I;rsll,?rq,,.<, ( :)' €Y dla,{i-al n hl,'Imv tai im!kc ?I hand skolcli oI yon- ill-('ject. Also., see the c;rlllri?l? il(?I?wti, is € oll'l Ib ' viri1111y Ir3?rE? "In site )IarI Illrlll .ncImIc ;p ,s";II(' ?Ill( I j!OI.111 ?1[')-OShi. ? (?C Id?(7'i?:?P11`. ±?? '? 1 ilia ilI11Lj4 fldlll)CA11s !..i+? (:1?^,• . !11' iallcI islciht Ics Irtllt;l tn° 113i 111dcd. • To: Alan Johnson From: Marlin Wright Mr. Johnson I am sending the information and application that you requested. The reason I put in the retaining wall was to correct an erosion problem that was there when I purchased the property in 2008. There was a wash problem along side the driveway that was caused by not having catch basins in place. I put in 3 catch basins down to the bottom of the drive way. I had to replace the barrel that had been put in under the drive way out to the edge of the embankment due to it being rusted out. The water that runs off from this and the drive way had washed out from the existing rock down to the edge of the water. I filled this area in with rock. When I started the retaining wall to eliminate the wash problem above the rip rap I put the black fabric under the rock so that no soil would run in to the lake. At no time was any soil filled in around the rip rap. When I went to bore the hole for the post on the high embankment which was approximately 12 feet high, I discovered that there were used tires buried to hold the embankment together. I had to remove the used tires which were approximately a dump truck load. The pressure from the tires was against two pine trees which were leaning out over the water and seen as a hazard. I had to take these two trees out so I could put the retaining wall closer to the embankment. At the top of the embankment I took out a poplar tree that was partial dead. I also took out two more pine and two small cedars that were not within the 30 ft of the water. I replanted 6 trees and put out several shrubs as the pictures indicated. On the end where the existing trees are I didn't back fill any soil around these trees. I redid the drain tile going toward the lake. I cut the pipe off and put the rip rap rock from around the tile and replaced with black fabric. I made a catch basin and put the rock on top of the black fabric so the water out of the drain will filter thru the catch basin. Things that were done to stop the loss of soil erosion into the lake. 1. Laid sod down beside of the drive way and around the catch basins. 2. Laid sod down beside of the walk way. 3. Laid sod in front of the retaining wall. 4. Laid sod between both retaining walls 5. Laid sod around the edge of the turn around behind the retaining wall. 6. Planted trees and shrubs. 7. Mulched under and around the new and existing trees. 8. Brought in more gravel for the driveway. These improvements will help restore to the condition that are stable and non erosive. Things that I corrected. 1. A serious eroding problem 2. Eliminate erosion problem by removing a truck load of old tires. 3. Made the area around the water less erosive. I hope this explains what we have done. Also, I have filled out the application to the best of my ability and knowledge. If you have any questions please contact me by my cell phone 704-507-3183. Thanks Marlin Wright 890 Bible Camp Lane Taylorsville NC 28681 0 I . t.,ocation County ` ?( `-e A-?C Nc:are?sG "l,owaa: Subdivision name, or site address (include phase/lot numhei : Directions to site please include road rauuabei n., landmarks. etc. (This vicinity map is included): g_g e '6 c ? 6.__ - ? y_ f4,??__U r HC 0/4 is not necess'ay i€- an adccluatc ?A rL __. ?. Describe the existing land usc cii- conditioni of the silk at the. tine of' fts ipplicah"mi: 3. Property size (acres) l ? C4 ? Ark/ _ /? e ?'? 4. Nearest body of water (straaamlriae.r/staunclrc,?c`r:'4iiills.ikc°.j: ? f?fLZ_ ?/ ch Qv 5. Describe Ilie purpose of thc• t-arokaosed mod,: ,=- f Rre /per ? Pv-?_ sla' Q- t AHC1 _ 5 /6 6 A /l zr? p411AJ O. List the type o€'etluipment to be used ;o c onslruct flic pi,oject: 6 ^'j . iCJ( 0 A vi}?,?v,/_,_- iq• ?etfrJ GP ?/ 7. Amount of impact (including <:all cxcavatiou, bacid'dl, ri-) M11, ictiaiizint? walls, eIL'.) below the noo-Iraal pool lake level iai scluan 1eC't >i eK ?k-:-e 8.1. Amount of il7ipact (includin'o all ele.aiitip, hack hil, ral", ret,aiia@n?? ?v-?ilw +c.) ahove die normal pool lake level and 50 beet Lmd- vi l iii s, t,im-c lc et o < s-<_,s: raJp ©X / O . r X_. /h a /rr/ W .4 8.1a. Please describe vegetation Rihove Flier norn-ud cool 'hake lc:vc.l ailed 50 1'eet landward tcs he impacted (munher of trees for inst ancc:) 4c- v !c1, ' dB•?!%?l? __ 7?f-?-e _ ?1?? y`G?e? -/O /Q fnc4--e CICI T?tQ. P.c 9 Appliaaiat,?Agent's Si?n.atiirc l uitc°. (A,gent`s ,signature is valid randy it an authorirwtion lc ttt'tl l'v om ilia. ".,l:aplic•rani piovicled • Mice Ofllti a Jim C? no - 1 (oI -us i m (?'J4't2 project no 1 1 _ _ f I Hirt vey inn 1 3 Dec 10 2008 _ Pre-Construction Notification (P('N) Forin t A. Applicant Inforrnaation i C. Processing la Type(s) of approval sought srom the I Section 404 Permit Sectior=, 10 Permit Col ps _ ° _ , Specify 9 b S Nationwide Per-nit (NWP number. or .1un¢ra+ Permit 'GI~; number 1c_ Has the N1lVP or Gt?' !y r z`es I "lo ?urr+ber beer'. verified b lhe. C:,orr.;' i f l d Type(s) of approval sought frown, the DWQ (check all ti iat <apply .j 449 Water Qualily Certification --Regul7r INon-404 jurisdir„..tronal .,er1eraI Permit I 09 Water Quality t 4 C,ertmtit;atlon _. Exprt,s,! Riparian Ntfr J?tithorrzatsc?,j 1 le _ Is this notification solely for the record For 'he record oamy for DVVQ 401 For the record only for Corps Permit because written approval is riot required? Certification 1-1 ?e5 _f iAlo Yes No into a rnitig ? ation bank or ? in-lieu fee pr:)gram ru Jtir,,d f't miti atlon 1 1f_ Is payment int . t, .r g" _I Yes a_.l No I of Impacts. If so. attach the acceptance letter, from mitigation bank or wdieu fee program 9 g. Is the project located, in any of NC's twenty coastal counfir-s Il: yes, answer t t, Yes Na below. Ih. Is the project located within a NC IDCM. Area of Envimnnienta' + once.m (AEC)? No ? Yas 02. Project Information 2a Name of project WI Lc! ?e r 9,k %b County: rr AA is Nearest municipality i town 2d. Subdivision name '-- ?>< y lames U/ ?? _ 2e NGDOT only, j.. l P. or state project no _ 4 1 Owner Information _ 3a Name(s) or I Recorded Decd I_ A,9-44 't- Ro br?i 1iL? ?' ry N 3b Deed Book and Page. No 3c responsible Party (for Lt.(-, if applicable) 3d Street address e Clty, state. zip -/Q y <OPSv, ??P /rc SAO gp1 3f. Telephone no 3g. Fax no.: :3h Emali address _ • r=(.i'?m t ;err e `u'"=' ii(f?rl 1 -. I.)E'C::{-?rt?hE?I'? 1 ?`,lrifr ?????.IC)r? • • Page 2 of 10 PCN Form - Version I.3 C)eceniber 10; 2008 Version B. Project Information and Prior Project History Property Identification 1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID) f Latitude: Longitude _ 1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees)(DC? oDL7DUL7) UCe C)L?Dl)DD) 1 c Property size _ - cl g acres _ 2 Surface Waters _ 2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to Proposed project Y L i e ca ke?P? _ 2b Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: 2c River basin _ . _._ _ 1 _d A?C,A47Cji? 3. Project Description 3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in ihe', vicinity of the project at the time of this application r 3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property- 3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and i)erennial} on V-ie property ty 0 S 3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project - S -/-/? 6' / / Z_-Q_ 6_ V ?14 R? L?r 0" c0/c/ 7t1,O_o1' _5yep _ so i _J'asj c -> ? •?Yo ?? t 13e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to Oe used 4, Jurisdictional Determinations 4a Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the Corps or State been requested or obtained for this propert project (including all prior phases) in the past? j es j No ?Unknosnni Comments. 4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type 1 PrPlirm r- (-. Preliminary L] I inai of determination was made? 4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas'? Agency/CGnsultant Company Name (if known;' Other: 4d If yes, list: the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation. 5. Project History 5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for i- j Yes 1 Not_Inkraown this project (including all prior phases) in the past`? X11 5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" ins'iructions. _ 6. Future Project Plans 6a Is this a phased project's _ I J Yes y No 6b. If yes, explain - Page of '10 PCN F=orm -- Version 1.3 December- 10, 2008 Version - C. Proposed Impacts Inventory 1. Impacts Summary 1 a. Which sections were completed below for your pro ect (check all that apply; ? Wetlands ? Streams - tributaries Buffers ? Open Waters ? Pond Construction 2. Wetland Impacts If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then comp lete this questio n for each wetland area impacted ----- .. 2a. ! ?- - .._ r 2b. 2c. ( 2d. _ 2e. 24 Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction number - Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps ._ 404, 10 j Area of impact Permanent (P) or (if known) ! DWQ _. non-404, other) (acres) Temporary (T)__.-__ _ W1 P T x es j ?.? i;or s ? p } (; No C,t t 1 tVV - - -- ---- W2 P T - - S orps No DWQ d.-] f - j Yes - 3J Corps - W3 ? P F1 T (; DW' W4 ?? P T - Yes j Corps ? DWQ a T W5 ? P [ __ r ,] Yes ?A? C ,>rps - _ No DWQ W6 ?P? T ? ! Corps - J J J No w C DWCk 21. Total wetland impacts - (2h. Comments 3. Stream Impacts If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (includin temporary impa(ts) proposed on the site, then com plete this question for all stream sites impacted. - . 3a. 3b 3c 3e ! 3f 3q Stream impact 1 Type of Impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction 1 Average Impact number- (PEP) or ;Corps . 404. 10 stream length Permanent (P) or intermittent j width DWQ -- nor-404 (linear Temporary (T) I !lN T)',` , other) eel, ` feet] f `i1 P ? T ? PER - ! Corps I - -. _ ?.J lhlT j DWO, S2 ? P T j F PE? - _J Corps I [1DWO ?? _t i ] DWQ S4 P .f ! { PE R, ? l-] Corp) ? L iIUT Dwo _ S5 ? P [._] T I L.? PEP IN T E ] Cor s r J DWQ S6 ?PT PER _ (_] Corp' I DWO 3h. Total stream and tributary impacts - 3i. Gornrnents • Wage 4 of 10 PCly Form -- Version 1.3 December 10. 2005 Version 4. Open Water Impacts If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic; Ocean, or any other open water of the U .S. then individually list all open water impacts below a. 4b. j 4c 4d. 4e Open water Name of waterbody j I impact number - (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type I Area of impact (acres) or Permanent) Temporary(T ) 01 ?PEjT j 02 (_(P O T j 03 ?P?T i 04 ? P ? T j 41'. Total open water impacts 4g. Comments: 5. Pond or Lake Construction If pond or lake construction proposed then complete the chart below. - 5a 5b 5c. 5d. 5e. Wetland impacts (acres, Stream impacts (feet:) ? Upland Pond ID Proposed use or purpose (acres) number of pond flooded Filled Excavated 1 Flooded j Filled Excavated j Flooded P1 P2 sf. Total I 5g. Comments. - - - h. 1 s a dam high hazard permit required? 'yes i ..I No !t yes, permit ID no 5i. Expected pond surface area (acres). 5J. Size of pond watershed (acres) 5k. Method of construction. 6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ) If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then compleite the chart below. If yes. then individually list all buffer imparts below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section l) of this form, 6a. [j Neuse [J Car-Pamlico , f Other Project is in which protected basin? [_ 1, Catawba [I Pandieman 6b. 6c 16d - _6e 16q. Buffer impact number - Reason BLJffer Zone 1 impact i Zone 2 impact Permanent (P) or for Stream name mitigation rsquare feet; (srTuare feet) Temporary impact - --__._?) _ _ I ! required B1 L P T f CA S' B2 P F] T ....`f Y7 ?+C "a ? i c f a x3 `r'9? f?-I c? x 3 sue` I yes.- E B3 [ IP(I I , - ' No I I ,,l Total 1) A nffcr intfeact, - _ __ ? Ipo_Ff ! o2C?(c? S3, F7< r. Comments: _ Page of 10 PC N F'orr;r 1 3 December 101. 2008 Version D. Impact Justification and Mitigation 1. Avoidance and Minimization 1 a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project b1l __lQQ1nc r'rcr j?I-? t ? C. y _._ QL. O? Q o f AJir7E??e? 11, Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques. - p ? ?_---tY a _lfv to _/?? ,?r?y _Ld c 'L4 710 &..r c ?A 2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State 2a. Does the protect require Compensatory Mitigation for L -! Yes iL-1 No impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State'? 2h. It'yes. mitigation is requireri by (k:heck all that appl) o? { DWO Corps Mitigation bank 2c. Ifyes, which mitigation option will be used for this i_ payment to in-lieu fee program project? LPermittee Responsible Mitigation C 3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank 3a. Name of Mitigation Bank: 3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) type Quantity 3c. Comments: 4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Prograin i a. Approval letter from in-lieu tee program is attached 4b. Stream mitigation requested linear feet 4c. If using stream mitigation stream temperature U warrr ;_ Go of [ Rcold ! -- - 4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DINQ only) square feeet 4e Riparian wetland mitigation requested. f aces 4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres 4g. Coastal (tidah wetland mitigation requested: acres 4h Comments 5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan 5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan. • Pair 6 of 10 PCN Form -- Version 1 3 December 10, 20013 Version 6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ 6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires j !_] Yes No ` buffer mitigation? 6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation Calculate the amount of mitigation required. 6c. 6d rQ /onc Reason for impact Total impact Multipi'ier j Required mitigation (square feet) (square feet) 3(2 for Catawba) 1 _. 1 `o -1 1 S ?dR_!<-ta ?r -7 "?v -e > l r ? Zone 2 - 9 It, cL to ;1e 6f. Total buffer mitigation required. l "2 7,0 SQ 6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank, permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund) E oa- G 6h. Comments: • • Page 7 of 10 PC'N f=orm -- Version 1 3 December 10, 2008 Version E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ) 11. Diffuse Flow Plan 1a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified Yes No within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules? 1b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why. Yes No y Comments. Z-A -ho' I _ RA fAof )4n S ??o E,XK r"7 2. Stormwater Management Plan 5 2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? %, 2b Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plar ? I I__j Yes (_] No 2c If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why. 2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan. then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan: (J Certified local Government 2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? DWQ Stormwater Program l.._1 DVVQ 401 Unit 1 Certified Local Government Stormwater Review 3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project? Phase li 3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs CI USW apply (check all that apply): r..JSMP Water Supply Watershed Other. 3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been No attached? 4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review 'oastal counties HOW 4a. Which of the following state-implemented Stormwater management programs apply LI ORW (check all that apply): ( i Session, Law 2006-2461 I -I I j.. Other 4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been attached? Yes J No S. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review _ 5a Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements' Yes Na 5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met' Yes No Page 8 of 10 PCN Fora - Version 1 :3 December 10, 2008 Version F. Supplementary Information 1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement) 1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the ? No ] Yes ? F use of public (federal/state) land? . . 1 b. if you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State Yes ? No (North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)? 1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review be?n finalized by the State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final ipprovai . letter.) Yes No Comments: 2. Violations (DWQ Requirement) 2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H 0500), Isolafi-.d Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Vvetland Standards. Ayes No or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B 0200)? 2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit applications ye I No 2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s) 3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement) 3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in J Yes ANo 1 additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? 3b. If you answered "yes' to the above; submit a qualitative or quantitative Cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the most recent DVVQ policy. If you answered "rio," provide a short narrative description 4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement) 4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated front the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility • Wage 4) of 10 PCN i=ons -- Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version 5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement) a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or r- habitat? ?_ !es Imo] No 5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act impacts? Yes No [_] Raleigh 5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted. i j.. Asheville 5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical Habitat? 6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement) 6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? -_-j Yes No 6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat:? 7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement) 7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation No i._.1 No status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in North Carolina history and archaeology)? 7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether >our site would impact historic or archeological resources? 8„ Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement) 8a Will this protect occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year fioodplain f Yes E9 No 8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: 8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? Applicant/Agent's Printed Name App9icant/ gent's igna e Bate (Agent's signature is valid only if an auth0iization Inter from the applicant 0 is provider) i .. • Page 10 of 10 PCN Forrn --Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version I' Bold Long Black magic marker line = retaining wall #l. 2nd Bold Short Black magic marker line = retaining wall #2 Retaining wall #1 is 110 feet long. Highest point is 5ft. On each end the height is under a foot. Retaining wall #2 is 60 feet long. Highest point is 3ft. On each end the height is under a foot. OCT - pz? z z>>?>o? r ?v,z mp-v v?mpp?pC7 m m c?ozoc?r?' Wi>??oz t<nn?-a w z t<n ?oozo.??zg o°?mcz?o? ?ooo r oz?000 ornz?ornt7-n? ??zzcyor rn --? z ?mm,..?mav 00 c) > z0 > °zz?do CZ n n m 3 O >4ozd 7?C?y0?-vim ??zzdcx Como-??z 'TI >CArr cmc o 30? G) O 3 D D_ (D Q) Q l J O 1 z n ? ` F1 0 A 3 v 9 ?a v o 0 o a m d '? ?' 0 0 o r n r t N ?i ? ^ A Um v N A N O O n D n n shoreline stabilization may result due to excessive fill around the trunks.