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May 5, 2000
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Mr. John Dorney
NCDENR
Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
RE: Barra Fanns Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Enclosed please find the following documents:
· Supplemental Actions Taken at Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank,
1999-2000. This document summarizes the actions taken by ECOBANK to improve
monitoring techniques and achieve success criteria. Pictures of drainage pipes and
supplemental planting that occurred in February, 2000 are included.
· Progress Report: Results of April, 2000 vegetation monitoring at Barra Farms Cape
Fear Regional Mitigation Bank. A third vegetation survey was conducted in April of2000
to monitor natural recruitment of vegetation at Barra and evaluate the survival of seedlings
planted in February. This report summarizes the results ofthis survey and compares the
data to the drastically different results of the vegetation survey conducted in November of
1999. Because of natural recruitment, supplemental planting, and the installation of
drainage pipes to control water levels, Barra Fanns now meets and exceeds the vegetation
success criteria required in the mitigation plan.
1#
Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Page 2
If you have any questions or comments regarding these reports, please do not hesitate to give me
a call.
Sincerely,
~ G/h~
Kim Williams
Wetland Scientist
cc: Mr. John Dorney, N.C. Division of Water Quality
Mr. Ron Ferrell, N.C. Wetland Restoration Program
Mr. Alan Fickett, ECOBANK
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EP A
Mr. Scott McLendon, u.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Kevin Moody, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Mr. Bennett Wynne, N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission
.L.,.
. WETLAND:
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SUPPLEMENTAL ACTIONS TAKEN AT
BARRA FARMS CAPE FEAR REGIONAL MITIGATION BANK
1999-2000
Prepared for:
Ecobank
Prepared by:
Land Management Group, Inc.
Wihnington, NC
March, 2000
SUPPLEMENTAL ACTIONS TAKEN AT
BARRA FARMS CAPE FEAR REGIONAL MITIGATION BANK
1999-2000
The following is a list of actions that have been taken to improve the quality of monitoring and
insure future mitigation success at Barra Farms:
1. Installation of six 18" diameter drainage pipes along the north section of Barra to alleviate
ponding (Figure 1). The pipes were installed in October of 1999 to reduce the standing
water created by rainfall from hurricanes and from any future heavy rain events. Ponded
water will be lowered only during and/or after extreme climatic rainfall events after which
ponding could be detrimental to the growth of survival of character species. The pipes will
not allow groundwater levels to recede below the wetland hydrology thresholds and can
be plugged in dry periods to allow percolation into the wetland before standing water is
released.
2. The percentage of Barra being sampled for vegetation was increased in Year 2 monitoring.
In Year 1 monitoring, 24 plots, each 0.05 acre in size, were sampled resulting in a total of
1.2 acres surveyed. In order to get a larger sample of representative vegetation and to
pinpoint the location of areas not meeting the vegetative success criteria, the sampling
area was increased in 1999. In Year 2 monitoring, 34 plots that were each 0.1 acre in size
were sampled resulting in 3.4 total acres surveyed. This is a 283% increase in sampling
size between Year 1 and Year 2. These 34 plots include 19 of the original 24 plots plus an
additional 15 plots randomly placed in areas generally lacking plots.
3. In December of 1999, a subcontractor hired by ECOBANK installed 3 new RDS
monitoring wells at Barra to get a more precise and continuous account of hydrology. A
total offive RDS wells now read hydrology data on-site and 2 RDS wells are located at
reference sites.
4. In January of2000, the mouth ofthe mitigation stream at Barra was cleaned of debris
such as fallen limbs and snags to increase stream flow and further reduce standing water in
this area (Figure 2).
5. Supplemental planting at the Barra Farms Mitigation Bank was performed February 8-11,
2000. Twelve species that have shown an ability to survive at Barra (Table I) were
planted across the groundwater flats and headwater slope habitats, which comprise
approximately 362 acres of this site (Figure 3). Seedlings that were approximately 2 years
old were purchased from the North Carolina Division of Forest Resources Nursery in
Goldsboro, NC (Figure 4) and were evenly distributed across the former crop land at
Barra (Figures 5 and 6). However, in wetter areas, such as the headwater slope habitat, a
greater number of bald cypress and water tupelo were planted, since these species are
better adapted to wet conditions. Planting actions were closely monitored by Land
Management Group, Inc. personnel. A total of 43,300 seedlings planted across 362 acres
resulted in approximately 120 trees/acre (- 20-foot spacing). Since an average of241
characteristic trees/ac (average of groundwater flats and headwater slope habitats) were
observed in Year 2 monitoring, this supplemental planting increased tree density to 361
trees/acre. These trees, in addition to new volunteers and the established trees already
present, will help Barra achieve the vegetative success criterion of320 characteristic
trees/acre over the required monitoring period.
Table 1 N b
urn er an Species 0 ees an at arra arms urmg t e wmter 0
Common Name Scientific Name Number Ordered
Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides 4000
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 6000
Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica 1000
Eastern Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 800
Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 2500
Pond Pine Pinus serotina 2000
Swamp Blackgum Nyssa biflora 6500
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 2000
Water Oak Quercus nigra 6000
Water Tupelo Nyssa aquatica 5600
Willow Oak Quercus phellos 5900
Yellow Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 1000
TOTAL 43,300
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6. Since the continuous monitoring stream gauges placed in the reference and restoration
streams in 1999 have been somewhat unreliable, staff gauges will be replaced and used as
a backup measure of stream flow. The staff gauges will insure continuous collection of
flow data and will allow a more accurate assessment of stream mitigation.
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Figure 1. Six drainage pipes were installed under the
road/berm to alleviate ponding.
Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Ecobank
Cumberland County, NC
Land Management Group, Inc.
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Figure 2. In January of 2000, the mitigation stream was
cleaned of debris to improve flow.
Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Ecobank
Cumberland County, NC
Land Management Group, Inc.
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Figure 4. A total of 43,300 seedlings, which included
12 species, were purchased from the NC Division of
Forest Resources.
Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Ecobank
Cumberland County, NC
Land Management Group, Inc.
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Figure 5. Trees were planted at approximately a 20-foot
spacing within the former crop land at Barra Farms.
Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank.
Ecobank.
Cumberland County, NC
Land Management Group, Inc.
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Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Ecobank
Cumberland County, NC
Land Management Group, Inc.
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PROGRESS REPORT:
Results of April, 2000 vegetation monitoring
at Barra Farms Cape Fear Regional Mitigation Bank
Prepared for:
Ecobank
Prepared by:
Land Management Group, Inc.
Wilmington, NC
May 1, 2000
Success criteria for the Barra Farms Mitigation Plan include a minimum mean density of
320 characteristic trees/acre. At least five character tree species must be present, and no
hardwood species can comprise more than 20 percent of the total number ofstemslacre total.
Softwood species cannot comprise more than 10 percent of the total number of stems/acre. The
Year 2 Monitoring Report found that neither the groundwater flats nor headwater slope
community types met these vegetation success criteria. Supplemental planting of 43,300 seedlings
occurred during February of2000 to increase survivability to acceptable levels. A third
monitoring survey was conducted in April of2000 to monitor the progress of these seedlings. The
results of both surveys are given below.
November, 1999 SURVEY (2nd Monitoring Report)
Groundwater Flats
Within the groundwater flats habitat, 27 woody species were surveyed among the 29
plots. Ofthe 27 species, 19 were tree species and 8 were shrub species. Ofthe tree
species, 11 were planted and 8 were volunteer. All shrubs were volunteer. Most common
species included bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), black willow (Salix nigra), red maple
(Acer rubrum), and swamp tupelo and/or water tupelo (Nyssa biflora, N. aquatica). The
vegetation observed within groundwater flats averaged 269 stems/acre with approximately
128 stems/acre from planted species. Because 435 stems/acre were planted in these areas
in the winter of 1998, the survival rate is estimated at approximately 29% after the second
growing season. When using the number of trees/acre by species that can be applied to the
total number of stems/acre criterion (~ 20% of320 stems/acre for hardwoods and ~ 10%
of320 stems/acre for softwoods), the total number of trees that can be counted per acre is
255.4 (see Table 4, column 5).
Headwater Slope
A total of8 woody species were found within this habitat, of which 4 were planted and 4
were volunteer. The most common species include black willow (Salix nigra), swamp
tupelo and lor water tupelo (Nyssa biflora, N. aquatica), red maple (Acer rubrum), and
bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). This vegetation averaged 317 stems/acre, with 130
stems/acre from planted species. Therefore, the survival rate of trees planted in the
headwater slope is 30%.When success criteria percentages are used (~ 20% of320
stems/acre for hardwoods and ~ 10% of320 stems/acre for softwoods), the total number
of trees that can be counted per acre is 227.5 (see Table 5, column 5).
1
April, 2000 SURVEY (3rd Monitoring Report)
Groundwater Flats
Within the groundwater flats habitat, 26 woody species were surveyed among the 30
plots. Of the 26 species, 18 were tree species and 8 were shrub species. Of the tree
species, 11 were planted and 7 were volunteer. All shrubs were volunteer. Most common
species included bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), black willow (Salix nigra), red maple
(Acer rubrum), and swamp tupelo and/or water tupelo (Nyssa biflora, N. aquatica). The
vegetation observed within groundwater flats averaged 485.1 stems/acre with
approximately 259 stems/acre from planted species. When using the number of trees/acre
by species that can be applied to the total number of stems/acre criterion (~ 20% of total
stems/acre for hardwoods and ~ 10% oftotal stems/acre for softwoods), the total number
of trees that can be counted per acre is 456.6 (see Table 6, column 5).
Headwater Slope
A total of14 woody species were found within this habitat, of which 9 were planted and 5
were volunteer. The most common species include black willow (Salix nigra), swamp
tupelo and lor water tupelo (Nyssa biflora, N. aquatica), red maple (Acer rubrum), and
bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). This vegetation averaged 612.5 stems/acre, with 300
stems/acre from planted species. When success criteria percentages are used (~ 20% of
total stems/acre for hardwoods and ~ 10% oftotal stems/acre for softwoods), the total
number of trees that can be counted per acre is 436.2 (see Table 7, column 5).
Summary
In 11199, a mean density of255.4 stems/acre was found across 27 character wetland
species within the groundwater flats habitat, with an average of3.9 species/plot. In 4/00,
a mean density of 456.6 stems/acre (adjusted) was observed across 26 character wetland
species, with an average of6.6 species/plot. In the headwater slope habitat in 11199, a
mean density of227.5 stems/acre was found across 8 wetland species, with an average of
4 species/plot. In April, 2000 the headwater slope habitat had a mean density of 436.2
stems/acre (adjusted) across 14 wetland species, with an average of7.5 species/plot. Both
habitats doubled their stem counts as well as their species diversity. As a result of natural
recruitment, supplemental planting, and the installation of drainage pipes to control water
levels, both habitat types now contain more than 320 stems/acre and over 5 wetland
species/plot. Therefore, the Barra Farms Mitigation Bank has met and exceeded the
wetland vegetation success criterion.
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. t4 d . h. h
d
Fl h b. d. h
a e urn o eac specIes oun wit 10 t e Groun water ats a ltat unng tell 99 survey.
Common name Scientific Name Average # % of total # trees/ac Comments
of trees! #of allowed in
acre trees!ac criteria
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 53.1 19.7 53.1 hardwood
Black Willow Salix nigra 45.5 16.9 32 softwood
Red Maple Acer rubrum 36.6 13.6 36.6 hardwood/volunteer
Swamp/Water Tupelo Nyssa spp. 32.8 12.2 32.8 hardwood
Winged Sumac Rhus copallina 24.8 9.2 24.8 mostly from 1 plot
Overcup Oak Quercus Iyrata 16.2 6.0 16.2 hardwood
Sweet Pepperbush Clethra alnifolia 13.1 4.9 13.1 shrub
Willow Oak Quercus phellos 10.7 4.0 10.7 hardwood
Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides 5.5 2.0 5.5 hardwood
Loblolly Bay Gordonia lasianthus 3.1 1.2 3.1 hardwood
F etterbush Lyonia lucid a 3.1 1.2 3.1 shrub
Red Bay Persea borbonia 3.1 1.2 3.1 hardwood
Titi Cyrilla racemiflora 3.1 1.2 3.1 shrub
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 2.4 0.9 2.4 hardwood
Swamp Chestnut Oak Quercus michauxii 2.4 0.9 2.4 hardwood
LongleafPine Pinus palustris 2.4 0.9 2.4 softwood
Groundsel Bush Baccharis halimifolia 1.7 0.6 1.7 shrub
Water Oak Quercus nigra 1.4 0.5 1.4 hardwood
Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 1.4 0.5 1.4 hardwood
F etterbush Leucothoe 1.4 0.5 1.4 shrub
Alder Alnus serrulata 1.4 0.5 1.4 hardwood
Bayberry Myrica heterophyl/a 1.0 0.4 1.0 shrub
Eastern Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 0.7 0.3 0.7 hardwood
Swamp Cottonwood Populus heterophylla 0.7 0.3 0.7 hardwood
Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda 0.7 0.3 0.7 softwood
Cherrybark Oak Pinus pagoda 0.3 0.1 0.3 hardwood
Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera 0.3 0.1 0.3 shrub
Total 268.9 100 255.4
8
T bl 5 N be f h
. t4 d . h. h H d
SI h b' d' h 11/99
a e . urn ro eac Species oun WIt 10 t e ea water ope a Itat unng t e survev.
Common name Scientific Name Average % of total % oftotal / Comments
#of #of ac allowed in
trees! treeslac criteria
acre
Black Willow Salix nigra 105 33.1 32 volunteer
Swamp/Water Tupelo Nyssa spp. 75 23.6 64 planted hardwood
Red Maple Acer rubrum 70 22.0 64 volunteer hardwood
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 45 14.2 45 planted hardwood
Swamp Cottonwood Populus heterophylla 7.5 2.4 7.5 volunteer hardwood
Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata 7.5 2.4 7.5 planted hardwood
Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides 2.5 0.8 2.5 planted hardwood
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 2.5 0.8 2.5 volunteer hardwood
F etterbush Leucothoe sp. 2.5 0.8 2.5 shrub
TOTAL 317.5 100 227.5
9
T bl 6 N be f h
fi d . h' h G
d
h b' d. h /00
a e urn ro eac SpecIes OUO Wit m t e roun water Fats a Itat urmg t e 4 survey.
Common name Scientific Name Average # % of total # trees/ac Comments
of trees/ #of allowed in
acre trees/ac criteria
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 86.3 17.8 86.3 hardwood
Red Maple Acer rubrum 79.0 16.3 79.0 hardwood/volunteer
Swamp/Water Tupelo Nyssa spp. 78.7 16.2 78.7 hardwood
Black Willow Salbe nigra 77.0 15.9 48.5 softwood
Winged Sumac Rhus copallina 22.7 4.7 22.7 mostly from 1 plot
Willow Oak: (known) Quercus phellos 21.7 4.5 21.7 hardwood
Overcup Oak: Quercus lyrata 17.3 3.6 17.3 hardwood
Sweet Pepperbush Clethra alnifolia 15.3 3.2 15.3 shrub
WaterlWilIow Oak: Q. nigralQ. phellos 14.7 3.0 14.7 hardwood
Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides 14.3 2.9 14.3 hardwood
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 12.3 2.5 12.3 hardwood
Groundsel Bush Baccharis halimifolia 9.0 1.9 9.0 shrub
Titi Cyrilla racemiflora 5.7 1.2 5.7 shrub
Red Bay Persea borbonia 5.7 1.2 5.7 hardwood
Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 5.3 1.1 5..3 hardwood
Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 3.3 0.7 3.3 hardwood
Pond Pine Pinus serotina 3.3 0.7 3.3 softwood
Swamp Chestnut Oak: Quercus michauxii 3.3 0.7 3.3 hardwood
LongleafPine Pinus palustris 2.3 0.5 2.3 softwood
Alder Alnus serrulata 1.4 0.3 1.4 hardwood
Eastern Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 1.3 0.3 1.3 hardwood
Fetterbush Leucothoe 1.3 0.3 1.3 shrub
Loblolly Bay Gordonia lasianthus 1.3 0.3 1.3 hardwood
Fetterbush Lyonia lucida 1.0 0.2 1.0 shrub
Swamp Cottonwood Populus heterophylla 0.7 0.1 0.7 hardwood
Bayberry Myrica heterophylla 0.3 0.1 0.3 shrub
Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda 0.3 0.1 0.3 softwood
Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera 0.3 0.1 0.3 shrub
Total 485.1 100 456.6
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Table 7. Number of each species found within the Headwater Slope habitat during the 4/00 survey.
Common name Scientific Name Average # % of total # trees/ac Comments
of trees/ #of allowed in
acre trees/ac criteria
SwamplWater Tupelo Nyssa spp. 210.0 34.3 122.5 hardwood
Black Willow Salbe nigra 150.0 24.5 61.2 softwood
Red Maple Acer rubrum 90.0 14.7 90.0 hardwood/volunteer
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 45.0 7.3 45.0 hardwood
Swamp Cottonwood Populus heterophylla 35.0 5.7 35.0 hardwood/volunteer
Water/Willow Oak Q. nigralQ. phellos 35.0 5.7 35.0 hardwood
Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides 17.5 2.9 17.5 hardwood
Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 10.0 1.6 10.0 hardwood
Groundsel Bush Baccharis halimifolia 5.0 0.8 5.0 shrub
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 5.0 0.8 5.0 hardwood/volunteer
Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 5.0 0.8 5.0 hardwood
Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata 2.5 0.4 2.5 hardwood
Eastern Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 2.5 0.4 2.5 hardwood
Total 612.5 100 436.2
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