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Oxides R. liullwood, Fxecuti- e Director
May 13, 2002
M r-l eff :Zurek
NC Wetland Restoration Program
1617 Mail. Service Centel
P,al.eigh, North Carolina 27699-161.7
R.E: Proposed Stream Restoration Project, North Carolina Wetland Restoration Program (WRP),
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County
Dear Mr. Jurek:
This correspondence is in response to your letter of May 9, 2002 concerning the, referenced project. The
purpose of the project is to restore stability and function to the referenced stream reach. Biologists with the
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) are familiar with habitat values in the area.
The NCWRC is authorized to comment and make recommendations which relate to the impacts of this
project: on fish and wildlife pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977 and the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d),
W12P proposes to restore portions of little Bugaboo Creek and a small tributary using 1"t.osgen
bioengineering techniques. Channelization, devegetation and cattle have degraded the stream. WRi' will
restore stable meanders, cross-sections and floodplains to provide natural stream dimension, pattern and
profile using Priority 2 Rosgen restoration methodologies. A permanent conservation easement will be
provided and cattle will be fenced from the streams. Alterative cattle watering will be provided.
Based on our review, we have no objection to the proiect providing only native North Carolina plant
species are utilized for the project and Rosgen techniques are utilized. No moratorium will be required, as
the project should improve long-term aquatic habitats. All activities must follow any US Armv Corps 404
Permit and NC Division of Water Quality 401 Ceriiftcation conditions as well as any conditions specified
by agencies of the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
,'Bank you. for the opportunity to comment on this project in the early planning stages. If you have any
questions regarding these comments, please contact me at 336/769-9453.
Sincerely ,
/Ron Linville
Regional Coordinator
Ilabitat Conservatiotr Program
cc: Melba McGee, OLIA
John Dorney, DWQ
tailingAddress. Division of h?:?lazlci I islicrie. a 1721 Mail (enter ° I:ale 'i ,N`r 2769 9-1
72 1.
9%$ephorae, (919) 7_33-3633 cx.t:. 281 , Fax: [phone]
O?aF ?r'VATF?QG Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Uj 7? North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
-=f Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
4 'C Acting Director
Division of Water Quality
" :B V
4
MEMORANDUM: _
2 0 1
MAY-620
TO: John Dorney
FROM: Jeff Jurek
SUBJECT: Permit Application-Little Bugaboo Creek
DATE: 5-3-02
Attached for your review are 4 restoration plans (1 for Penrose) for the Little
Bugaboo Stream Restoration project in Wilkes County. Please feel free to call me with
any questions regarding this plan (733-5316).
Thank you very much for your assistance.
attachment: Restoration Plan (4 originals)
'°Q, FWA
WMENR
Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 [phone] Customer Service
512 N. Salisbury Street Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax: [phone] 623-7748
Triage Check List
Date:
To: ?RRO Steve Mitchell Project Name
?FRO Ken Averitte DWQ Project Number
?WaRO Deborah Sawyer Count
Joanne Steenhuis
VW y
SRO Jennifer Frye
?ARO Mike Parker
?MRO Pete Colwell
From: ?&6) t ` Telephone (919) 733-
The file attached is being forwarded to you for your evaluation. Please call if you need
assistance.
? Stream length impacted
? Stream determination
? Wetland determination and distance to blue-line surface waters on USGW topo maps
? Minimization/avoidance issues
? Buffer Mules (Neuse, Tar-Pamilco, Catawba; Randleman)
? Pond fill
? Mitigation Ratios
? Ditching
? Are the stream and or wetland mitigation sites available and viable?
? Check drawings for accuracy
? Is the application consistent with pre-application meetings?
? Cumulative impact concerns
Comments :S?'?°TP? "r
7 7 7
r
Office Use Only: Form Version October 2001
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" rather than
leaving the space blank.
I. Processing
RAJ 0 W, 9
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project: MAY - 6 200`L
® Section 404 Permit
? Section 10 Permit
® 401 Water Quality Certification
? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwide 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (see section VIII - Mitigation), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NC Wetlands Restoration Program
Mailing Address: 1619 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Telephone Number: 919-733-5208 Fax Number: 919-733-5321
E-mail Address: [e-mail]
2. Agent Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter must be
attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address:
Fax Number:
Page 5 of 13
ti
III. Project Information
4.
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long asthe ;property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Little Bugaboo Stream Project
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): _
Location
County: Wilkes Nearest Town: Roaring River
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): NC 268 East through Roaring
River, left on Bethany Ford Rd., Right on N. Hoots Rd.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long):
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Describe the existing land use or condition of the site at the time of this application:
Agriculture-livestock
7. Property size (acres): 11 ac
8. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Tributary to Big Bugaboo, Yadkin
River
9. River Basin: Yadkin
Page 6 of 13
A
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at htti)://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
10. Describe the purpose of the proposed work: Stream Restoration
11. List the type of equipment to be used to construct the project: Track Hoes, loaders
12. Describe the land use in the vicinity of this project: Agriculture-cattle
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application:
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
Page 7 of 13
A
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(es/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***

i.,,SL eacu tiiipau separaiery and identify temporary impacts. impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at http://www.fema.gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.)
List the total acreage (estimated) of existing wetlands on the property: less than 1 acre
Total area of wetland impact proposed: 0
2. Stream Impacts, including all intermittent and perennial streams (SEE PLANS)
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Im act Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please secif )

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.usgs.gov. Several intemet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.coni,
www.mapguest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 6300 FT
Page 8 of 13
3. Open Water Impacts, including Lakes, Ponds, Estuaries, Sounds, Atlantic Ocean and any
other Water of the U.S.
Open Water Impact
Site Number

(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact

(acres)
(if Name Waterbody
applicable) Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)

List each impact separately and identity temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): [] uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
_SEE PLAN
VIII. Mitigation
Page 9 of 13
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
httl2://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwet]ands/stimaide.html.
1.. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
SEE PLAN
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP) with the NCWRP's written agreement. Check the box indicating that
you would like to pay into the NCWRP. Please note that payment into the NCWRP must be
reviewed and approved before it can be used to satisfy mitigation requirements. Applicants
will be notified early in the review process by the 401/Wetlands Unit if payment into the
NCWRP is available as an option. For additional information regarding the application
process for the NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrl2/index.htm. If
use of the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide
the following information:
Page 10 of 13

IX.
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Environmental Documentation (DWQ Only)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public funds or the use of public (federal/state/local)
land?
Yes ® No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ? No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (DWQ Only)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ? No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
Gone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 13

If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information.as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (DWQ Only)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
XII. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Only)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (DWQ Only)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
Page 12 of 13
! ' r

Applicant/A 't gn ure Date
(Agent's si afu'rejs lid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
j
Page 13 of 13
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MAY.21.2002 2:25PM EARTH TECH RALEIGH [phone]
To: Mr. Todd St. John
Company: NCD) Q
From: Dan Clinton
Address: Raleigh, NC
701 Corporate Center Dr.
Suite 475
Raleigh, NC 27607
Project #:_..
N0.841 P.1
F A X
Date: May 21, 2002
Fax #: [phone]
Ext. #:
Sending From Fax#:[phone]
Subject: Little Bugaboo Creek Congtruction Details
Comments:
Mr. St. John.
Following, are details related to the Little Bugaboo Creek Regtoration Project
Although the project is still in the design phase, the details represent what we
propose to use. Scales and dimensions may change upon com IletioU of the final
design.
I have attached the following: 1.) Soil Plug Detail 2) EPgtwad Detail 3) Log,
Cross vane (we may not use on the project) 3) Rock Cross Vane S) Typical
cross-sections 6) SIM pool outfall to tie in tributaries 7.) tream Crossing 8 )Temp Rock Check
9.) Dewatering Structure
If you have any questions or comments please call me at 919-854!!625 1
Thank you.
Dan Clinton
If you do not receive 1 10 Pages (including cover page),
please call us as soon as possible at [phone].
E A 8 T H@ T e o M
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STREAM RESTORATION PLAN
Little Bugaboo Creek
Wilkes County, North Carolina
April 2002
MAY - 6 2002
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E A R T H@ T E C H
A tqCO INTERNATIONAL LTD. COMPANY
701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR_DWQ
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
' 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. .. 2
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................... .. 3
1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................... .. 3
1.3 STREAM SURVEY METHODOLOGY .................................................. .. 3
1.3.1 Stream Delineation Criteria - Classification ................................. .. 6
1.3.2 Bankfull Verification ..................................................................... ..6
2.0 EXIS TING CONDITIONS ................................................................................... .. 9
2.1 WATERSHED .......................................................................................... .. 9
2. 1.1 General Description of the Watershed .......................................... .. 9
2.1.2 Surface Waters Classification ....................................................... .. 9
2.1.3 Soils of the Watershed .......................
................ 9
..
2.1.4 Land Use of the Watershed ........................................................... 10
2.2 RESTORATION SITE .............................................................................. 13
1 2.2.1 Site Description ............................................................................. 13
2.2.2 Existing Stream Characteristics .................................................... 15
2.2.3 Soils of the Restoration Site .......................................................... 16
2.2.4 Terrestrial Plant Communities ...................................................... 18
2.2.4.1 Pasture Community .......................................................... 18
2.2.4.2 Floodplain Community ..................................................... 18
2.2.4.3 Dry Upland Forest Community ........................................ 19
2.2.4.4 Mesic Upland Forest Community .................................... 19
2.2.4.5 Wetland Community ......................................................... 19
2.2.5 Wildlife Observations ................................................................... 20
3.0 REFERENCE REACHES ..................................................................................... 22
3.1 BIG BRANCH .......................................................................................... 22
3.2 BASIN CREEK ......................................................................................... 23
4.0 STREAM CHANNEL DESIGN ........................................................................... 23
4.1 RESTORATION TECHNIQUES ............................................................. 29
4.1.1 Dimension ..................................................................................... 29
4.1.2 Pattern ........................................................................................... 36
4.1.3 Bedform ......................................................................................... 36
4.1.4 Wetland Area ................................................................................. 36
4.1.5 Riparian Areas ............................................................................... 41
4.2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ...................................................................... 41
4.3 FLOODING ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 44
4.4 STRUCTURES ......................................................................................... 45
4.4.1 Cross Vane .................................................................................... 45

5.0 4.4.2 Root Wads .....................................................................................
HABITAT RESTORATION ................................................................................. 46
46
5.1 Vegetation ................................................................................................. 46
ii
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
5.2 Riparian Buffers ........................................................................................ 48
5.2.1 Bottomland Hardwood Forest ....................................................... 48
5.2.2 Wetlands ........................................................................................48
5.2.3 Temporary Seeding ....................................................................... 48
I
I
6.0 MONITORING ..................................................................................................... 50
6.1 STREAM CHANNEL ............................................................................... 50
6.2 VEGETATION ......................................................................................... 50
6.3 MACROINVERTEBRATES ....................................................................51
7.0 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 52
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Species Under Federal Protection in Wilkes County 22
Table 2. Priorities, Description and Summary for Incised River Restoration 27
Table 3. Morphological Characteristics 28
Table 4. Stream Monitoring Practices 50
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Location Map 4
Figure 2 Vicinity Map 5
Figure 3 North Carolina Regional Curve 8
Figure 4 Little Bugaboo Creek Watershed 11
Figure 5 Watershed Aerial 12
Figure 6 Parcels 14
Figure 7 Soils 17
Figure 8 Natural Communities 21
Figure 9 Big Branch Watershed 25
Figure 10 Basin Creek Watershed 26
Figure 11 (a through e) Proposed Stream Restoration Design 30
Figure 12 Typical Cross-sections of New Channel 37
Figure 13 Typical Bedform 38
Figure 14a Proposed Profile of Little Bugaboo Creek 39
Figure 14b Proposed Profile of Unnamed Tributary 40
Figure 15 Typical Cross-Sections Showing Vegetation Zones 49
LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Photo Log
Appendix B Existing Conditions Data
Appendix C Basin Creek Reference Reach Data
Appendix D Big Branch Reference Reach Data
iii
' Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
1 lA INTRODUCTION
The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) has identified Little
Bugaboo Creek (LBC) and an Unnamed Tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek (UT) as a
potential stream restoration site. A tributary to the Roaring River, Little Bugaboo Creek
(NCDWQ Stream Index Number - 12-48-1-(1)) is located on agricultural land northeast
of the town of Roaring River in Wilkes County, North Carolina (Figure 1).
' The Wilkes County Soil and Water Conservation District (WCSWCD) staff first
identified LBC as a potential restoration site through their work with farmers throughout
the county. Landowners main concern is loss of land, due to actively eroding
streambanks, along the majority of the project length. Cattle access and the removal of
vegetation are the main causes of degradation. Land adjacent to the streams is currently
Man"
being used for cattle production and the
10011 Typical of many
heavily agricultural areas, land to spread litter is at a premium.
Vegetation throughout the majority of the site is degraded as a result of ".
Pastures adjacent to the stream consist of fescue with sparse trees along drainages. Most
streambanks are vertical with little or no vegetation and are actively eroding. There are
numerous signs of lateral meander migration. This is a Rosgen `F' type system where the
channel appears to have down cut and is presently eroding its banks to establish a flood
plain at the new channel elevation. The existing channel appears to be in a state of
transition. Streambanks are very unstable and meanders are continuing to migrate,
' creating a wider floodplain as necessary to reach stability.
The combination of extreme streambank erosion, degraded vegetation, poor cattle
management practices, and willing landowners make this an excellent potential
restoration site.
Restoration requires determining how far the stream has departed from its natural
stability and then establishing the stable form of the stream under the current hydrologic
conditions within the drainage area. The proposed restoration will construct a stable
meander geometry, modify channel cross-sections, and establish a floodplain at the
existing stream elevation, thus, restoring a stable dimension, pattern, and profile. This
restoration is based on analysis of current watershed hydrologic conditions, field
evaluation of the project site, and assessments of stable reference reaches. The following
recommendations are included in this restoration plan:
• Form a stable channel with the proper dimension, pattern, and profile.
• Establish a floodplain along the stream channel.
Place natural material structures in the stream to improve stability and enhance
aquatic habitat.
• Stabilize stream banks with herbaceous and woody vegetation.
0 Establish a permanent conservation easement along the project.
• Restore/enhance the streams riparian zone.
' 2
' Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
t 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Little Bugaboo Creek project site is located northeast of the town of Roaring River in
Wilkes County, North Carolina. Roaring River is located 7 miles east, northeast of North
Wilkesboro. The project is fully contained within the property of five landowners. LBC
flows northwest to southeast, and the UT flows north to south. The project ends at the
confluence of LBC and the UT. The project reach is bound to the north by Tharpe Road
(S.R. 2014) and to the south by Hoots Road (S.R. 1924). Bedrock outcroppings, in the
' form of waterfalls, border the project to the east and west. The western boundary has
been set by land constraints as a result of property lines (Figure 2). Both LBC and the UT
flow through cattle pasture.
' 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
This project has the following goals and objectives:
1. Provide a stable stream channel that neither aggrades nor degrades while maintaining
' its dimension, pattern, and profile with the capacity to transport its watershed's water
and sediment load.
2. Improve water quality and reduce further property loss by stabilizing eroding stream
banks.
3. od lish- a new Modpr 'at 4 lover
e, ev ionn
' 4. Improve aquatic habitat with the use of natural material stabilization structures such
as root wads, cross vanes, woody debris and a riparian buffer.
' 5. Provide aesthetic value, wildlife habitat and bank stability through the creation or
enhancement of a riparian zone.
6. c ude -cattle from the rip carp RI omr- aff establ sh stable crossings for cattle
mQv
7. ?t °e e&e _ drainages enters
1.3 STREAM SURVEY METHODOLOGY
r The US Forest Service General Technical Report RM-245, Stream Channel Reference
Sites: An Illustrated Guide to Field Technique is used as a guide when taking field
' measurements. Accurate field measurements are critical to determine the present
condition of the existing channel, conditions of the floodplain, and watershed drainage
patterns.
' Earth Tech contracted The Rose Group to conduct a topographic survey of the restoration
site in February 2002. This mapping was used to evaluate present conditions, new
channel alignment, and grading volumes. Mapping also provided locations of property
pins, large trees, vegetation lines, culverts, roads, and elevation contours.
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Location Map
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
Wilkes County, North Carolina
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Roaring River, NC, 1966, Traphill, NC 1968.
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Vicinity Map
7 -? _
17
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
Wilkes County, North Carolina
I

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Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
A walkover of the property was conducted to better evaluate the drainage properties of
the area surrounding the restoration site. County Natural Resources Conservation Service
Staff (NRCS) provided Geographic Information System (GIS) data to evaluate the
watershed. A windshield survey was also conducted to determine the existing conditions
within the watershed.
During the site visits, ten cross-sections were taken using standard differential leveling
techniques. These cross-sections were used to gather detail on the present dimension and
condition of the channel. Cross-sectional area was calculated using the bankfull features
identified in the field. See Appendix B for a copy of the existing condition surveys.
1.3.1 Stream Delineation Criteria - Classification
Dave Rosgen developed his stream classification system in order to accomplish the
following:
1) Predict a river's behavior
2) Develop specific hydraulic and sediment relationships for a given stream type and its
state
3) Provide a mechanism to extrapolate site-specific data to stream reaches having
similar characteristics
4) Provide a consistent frame of reference for communicating stream morphology and
condition among a variety of disciplines and interested parties
The Rosgen Stream Classification System is based on five criteria: width/depth ratio,
entrenchment ratio, slope, sinuosity, and channel materials. All cross-sections were
classified using this system.
1.3.2 Bankfull Verification
The foundation of Dave Rosgen's classification system is the concept of bankfull stage,
which is the point of incipient flooding. The classification depends on the correct
assessment of bankfull. If bankfull is incorrectly determined in the field, the entire
restoration effort will be based on faulty data. It is important to verify the physical
indicators observed in the field with either gage data or a regional curve to ensure the
correct assessment of the bankfull stage.
The bankfull stage is determined in the field using physical indicators. The following is a
list of commonly used indicators that define bankfull (Rosgen, 1996):
• The presence of a floodplain at the elevation of incipient flooding.
• The elevation associated with the top of the highest depositional feature (e.g. point
bars, central bars within the active channel). These depositional features are
especially good stage indicators for channels in the presence of terrace or adjacent
colluvial slopes.
6
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
• A break in slope of the bank and/or a change in the particle size distribution, since
finer material is associated with deposition by overflow, rather than deposition of
coarser material within the active channel.
• Evidence of an inundation feature such as small benches below bankfull.
• Staining of rocks.
The most dominant bankfull indicators along LBC and the UT are high scour lines and
the tops of point bars.
The most common method of verifying bankfull stage is to compare the field determined
bankfull stage with measured stages at a stream gaging station. This calibration can be
' performed if there is a stream gage within the study area's hydrophysiographic region.
In ungaged areas, Dave Rosgen recommends verifying bankfull with the development of
regional curves. The regional curves normally plot bankfull discharge (Qbkf), cross-
sectional area, width, and depth as a function of drainage area. The cross-sectional areas
of LBC and the reference reach sites used for this report are plotted on the Rural and
Urban, Piedmont Regional Curve of North Carolina developed by the North Carolina
State University (NCSU) Water Quality Group, 2000 (Figure 3).
Data obtained from field surveys described in Section 2.2.2 was used to compute the
morphological characteristics shown on the graph. The cross-sectional area for LBC plots
above the trend line for the NC Rural Regional Curve but well within the 95% confidence
' limits. The cross-sectional area for the UT plots directly on the trend line for the NC
Rural Regional Curve. The bankfull cross-sectional area for the design channel was
determined from evaluating the North Carolina regional curve relationships and
' comparing them to the reference reach sites surveyed near the restoration site. HEC-RAS
will be used to verify the design cross-sectional area for the project and estimate in-
channel shear stress.

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Watershed Area (Sq. Mi.)
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Abkf = bankfull cross sectional area (ft2 )
• Reference Reaches
• Gage Stations
¦ Reference Reaches
© Project Site
Upper 95%
Predicted
Lower 95%
r
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWR
FIGURE 3
North Carolina Regional Curve
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
Wilkes County, North Carolina

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' Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
2.1 WATERSHED

I

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1
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2.1.1 General Description of the Watershed
Little Bugaboo Creek, a second order stream, is located within the Piedmont
Physiographic Province of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin (USGS Cataloging Unit
03040101). The watershed is located to the northeast of the town of Roaring River in
Wilkes County, North Carolina. The headwaters of the project originate approximately 3
miles to the north-northwest of the restoration site. From the headwaters, LBC flows for
approximately 4 miles before joining with the Big Bugaboo Creek. An Unnamed
Tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek enters LBC at the end of the project site and is also
included in the restoration project. The headwaters for UT originate approximately 1.6
miles from the restoration site. From the headwaters, UT flows for approximately 2.5
miles before the confluence with LBC. Several tributaries enter LBC along its extent.
The watershed for LBC is approximately 3.45 square miles (2,200 Acres) and the
watershed for the UT is approximately 1.4 square miles (900 Acres) (Figure 4). The
watershed is oriented northwest to southeast. The topography ranges from gently sloping
to steep with relatively flat, narrow floodplains occurring along the larger drainages.
Land surface elevations range from approximately 1,100 to 1,400 feet above mean sea
level.
2.1.2 Surface Waters Classification
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the DWQ that is
designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the state. LBC (NCDWQ
Stream Index Number - 12-48-1-(1)) is classified as a class C water body (NCDENR,
2002). Class C water resources are waters protected for aquatic life propagation and
survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. Secondary recreation
includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with water where
such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner. There are
no restrictions on watershed development activities.
NCDWQ has not assigned an index number to the UT.
2.1.3 Soils of the Watershed
The soils found in the watershed and adjacent to the stream can help determine the bed
and bank materials occurring in the stream. The Rosgen stream classification system uses
average particle size within the bankfull channel to help classify the stream. Knowing the
make up of the soils in the watershed assists in understanding the anticipated bedload and
sediment transport capacity of the stream.
9
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC

Soils in upland areas within the watershed consist primarily of Masada sandy clay loam,
Rion fine sandy loam, and Pacolet sandy loam soils (Soil Survey of Wilkes County,
North Carolina, Natural Resources Conservation Service [NRCS], 1997). Chewacla loam
soils occur primarily on the floodplains within the watershed. Depth to bedrock is
mapped as greater than 5 feet for these soils. The upland soils have clayey sub-soils with
rock fragments ranging from gravel to cobble size.
Masada sandy clay loam occurs on high stream terraces, and comprises only a small
portion of the soils within the watershed. These very deep, sloping soils are well drained
and have moderate permeability and medium to rapid runoff. They have formed in old
alluvium derived from felsic rocks. The depth to the water table is greater than 6 feet.
Masada soils are most likely in the hydrologic soil group C.
A Rion fine sandy loam occurs on side slopes and narrow ridgetops in a few places
within the watershed. These soils are steep, very deep, and well drained. They have
moderate to moderately rapid permeability, and surface runoff is rapid to very rapid. The
depth to the water table is below a depth of 6 feet. This soil formed in the residuum from
L weathered granite, gneiss, and schist, and typically has clayey subsoil. Rion soils are in
the hydrologic soil group B.

1

I

Pacolet sandy clay loam typically occurs on side slopes and ridgetops throughout the
watershed. These soils are very deep, gently to strongly sloping and well drained. They
have a moderate permeability, and surface runoff is medium to rapid. They have formed
in the residuum from weathered granite, gneiss, and schist, and typically have clayey
subsoil. The depth to the water table is greater than 6 feet. The Pacolet soils are in
hydrologic soil group B.
Chewacla loam soils are found on the flood plains throughout the watershed. This nearly
level, very deep, and somewhat poorly drained soil has moderate permeability, and
surface runoff is slow. These soils form in recent alluvium derived from mixed felsic
rocks. The depth to the water table is generally between 0.5 and 1.5 feet. Chewacla soils
are in hydrologic soil group C.
2.1.4 Land Use of the Watershed
Land use within the watershed is predominately forest or agricultural (Figure 5).
Evaluation of a USGS topographic map reveals that approximately 47% of the watershed
is forested and 51% is agriculture. The remaining 2% consists of low density residential
and roadways.
10
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ASHE v SURRY
? FIGURE 4
??
`?? Little Bugaboo Creek Watershed
WILKES ? _ r -?
WATAUGA DKIN
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Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
- - - - - - Wilkes County, North Carolina
C DWELL ALEXANDER IRED L

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WILKES YADKIN
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
?? _-- --- Wilkes County, North Carolina
CALDWELL? ALEXANDER; IRED LL

1

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
alluvial sediments that deposited during the existence of the downstream milldam. After
the milldam was removed, a head cut worked up from the mill site through the deposited
sediments.
2.2.2 Existing Stream Characteristics
Field surveys of the existing stream channel and site were conducted on February 12
through 15, 2002. Photographs of the site were taken and are provided in Appendix A.
LBC Restoration Site can be typically described as a channel in transition. Deeply
incised, the channel is currently widely meandering in an attempt to establish a stable
dimension, pattern, and profile. There are indications of severe pattern changes resulting
from large storm flow events throughout both LBC and UT. These pattern changes are
typical of channel evolution from a `F' type system to a `C' type system in the Rosgen
classification system. Cattle access to the existing stream and riparian areas has degraded
the existing vegetation to the point that it is providing little or no root mass along the
stream banks.
Stream bank erosion dominates the site resulting from the combination of incision of the
streambed, pattern modifications, and lack of streambank vegetation. A complete
assessment has not been conducted but landowners commented that banks were eroding
' at a rate of several feet per year in areas.
A total of ten tributaries/drainages enter LBC and UT within the project limits. As a
result of the incision of LBC and UT, these tributaries/drainages have also incised
significantly. Several are eroding, which is adding to the sediment load of the larger
streams.

ii
Riffle bankfull widths for LBC range from 27.0 to 37.5 feet with mean depths ranging
from 1.8 to 2.8 feet. The cross-sectional areas for these riffles range from 53.3 to 89.7
square feet. The stream type varies along the site from E, F, and Bc, although the
predominant stream type if F. The data for the existing channel is included in Appendix
B. LBC has the following average characteristics:
Bankfull Width: 30.5 feet
Cross-sectional Area: 69.7 square feet
Mean Depth: 2.3 feet
Maximum Depth: 3.5 feet
Average Water Surface Slope: 0.0049 feet/feet
Entrenchment Ratio: 2.65
Sinuosity: 1.3
Bank Height Ratio 2.3
Riffle bankfull widths for UT range from 17.5 to 18.0 feet with mean depths of 1.2 feet in
both riffle surveyed. The cross-sectional areas for these riffles range from 21.2 to 21.9
square feet. The stream type varies along the site from C to F, although the predominant
stream type if F. The data for the existing channel is included in Appendix B. UT has the
following average characteristics:
15

0

f':
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
Bankfull Width: 17.8 feet
Cross-sectional Area: 21.6 square feet
Mean Depth: 1.2 feet
Maximum Depth: 2.3 feet
Average Water Surface Slope: 0.011 feet/feet
Entrenchment Ratio: 2.2
Sinuosity: 1.2
Bank Height Ratio 3.9
2.2.3 Soils of the Restoration Site
According to the Soil Survey of Wiles County, soils adjacent to LBC within the
restoration site are mapped as Chewacla loam, Rion fine sandy loam, and Pacolet sandy
loam soils (Figure 7). Investigation of the soils adjacent to the stream indicates that all
three soils appear to be present, although Chewacla soils dominate the site. Chewacla
soils are nearly level, very deep and somewhat poorly drained soils found on flood plains
on the Piedmont. This soil has moderate permeability and surface runoff is slow in bare
and unprotected areas. These soils formed in recent alluvium derived from mixed felsic
rocks.
Rion fine sandy loams are steep, very deep, and well-drained soils typically found on
' piedmont side slopes. They have moderate permeability and surface runoff is rapid to
very rapid in bare and unprotected areas. These soils formed in material weathered from
rocks such as granite, gneiss, or schist.

11

Pacolet sandy loam soils in the project area are gently to steeply sloping, very deep, and
well drained. These soils are typically found on ridgetops and side slopes in the
Piedmont. They have moderate permeability and surface runoff is medium or rapid in
bare and unprotected areas. These soils formed in material weathered from rocks such as
granite, gneiss, or schist.
Soil textures encountered include sandy loams, sandy clay loams, and clay loams.
Significant amounts of gravel and cobbles were noted in some horizons in some
locations. Gravel and cobbles were more common in the portion of the project nearest the
streambed. The channel has incised into the floodplain deep enough to expose cobbles,
boulders, and bedrock in many places along the stream banks. The seasonal high water
table is greater than 6 feet for Rion and Pacolet soils and 0.5 to 1.5 feet for Chewacla
soils. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent.
In depositional areas within the newly forming floodplain, inceptisols are present. These
soils lack distinct horizons, and are extremely gravelly. They have formed from alluvial
deposits and erosional deposits created when adjacent banks collapse into the stream.
Surface material is generally a sandy loam with up to 20 percent gravel while underlying
material is generally sandy clay, with 5-10 percent gravel. In some areas along the
tributary to Little Bugaboo Creek cobbles and bedrock are present next to the stream.
16
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CkA Chewacla loam, 0-2% slopes, frequently flooded -StB aR
MaB2, MaC2 Masada sandy clay loam, 2-15% slopes, eroded P
A i

MuC Masada-Urban land complex, 2-15% slopes
PaD Pacolet sandy loam, 15-25% slopes
PcB2, PcC2 Pacolet sandy clay loam, 2-15% slopes, eroded
RnD, RnE Rion fine sandy loam, 15-60% slopes
StB State fine sandy loam, 1-6% slopes, rarely flooded
ToA Toccoa sandy loam, 0-3% slopes, occasionally flooded
w Water 0 1,250 2,500 5,000 N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
Source: Surry County Soil Conservation Service, MENNI Feet NCDENR DWQ-
Soil Survey Field Sheet F-6, 1988.
ASHE ?aURRY FIGURE 7
-C \ Soils
% WATAUGA "YA KIN
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
--? Wilkes County, North Carolina
GA WELL'ALEXANDER )IREDE L
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LI'

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
2.2.4 Terrestrial Plant Communities
The following sections describe the existing plant communities on and adjacent to the
restoration site (Figure 8). For purposes of this project, five plant communities are
described: Pasture Community, Floodplain Community, Dry Upland Forest Community,
Mesic Upland Forest Community, and Wetland Community. Nomenclature follows
Radford, et al. (1968). Cattle either currently have access to all areas within the project
boundaries, or have had access to these areas in the recent past. For this reason,
herbaceous vegetation and an underlying shrub layer are sparse throughout the majority
of the project area.
' 2.2.4.1 Pasture Community
A community consisting of grazed pastureland is generally present in the floodplain of
LBC and the UT throughout the project area. The only exceptions to this are a small area
near the confluence of these streams, as well as a few patchy areas along the upper
sections of LBC, and along the east side of the UT. A plowed area near the confluence of
LBC and it's UT has is included in this community. The herbaceous vegetation that
dominates this community are fescue grasses (Festuca sp.), white clover (Trifolium
' repens), and other unidentifiable weeds which are most likely to be Veronica sp.,
Glechoma sp., or Lamium sp.

it

Along the periphery of this community, many invasive species common to pastures and
waste places can be found. These include jimsonweed (Datura stamonium), common
mullein (Verbascum thapsis), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), Japanese honeysuckle
(Lonicera japonica), greenbriar (Smilax sp.), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans),
blackberry (Rubus sp.), and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense).
2.2.4.2 Floodplain Community
A floodplain forest community is present throughout the majority of the project area. As
mentioned earlier, cattle are allowed to graze nearly the entire stream length. For this
reason, some areas of mature trees remain on the banks, while little other vegetation is
present. An understory with varying degrees of density is associated with this
community, depending on the degree of grazing. Dominant tree species in this
community include river birch (Betula nigra), American sycamore (Platanus
occidentalis), red maple (Acer rubrum), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), box elder
(Acer negundo), and black willow (Salix nigra). Understory and edge species include
Chinese privet, multiflora rose, greenbriar, and Japanese honeysuckle.
In the area near the confluence of the two streams black walnut (Juglans nigra),
flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), sweet joe-pye weed (Eupatorium pupureum), and
New York ironweed (Veronia noveboracensis) are common. Japanese grass
(Microstegium virmenium) can also be found growing in dense patches in this area.
18
I
I

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
On the alluvial bars adjacent to the streams the vegetation is sparse, and is dominated by
various unknown grasses and Aster species, with a few patches of rush (Juncus effusus).
The only substantially dense stand of seedlings on the alluvial deposits is located near the
cattle crossing on the upper reach of LBC and includes river birch, black willow, and
American sycamore.
2.2.4.3 Dry Upland Forest Community
' A dry upland forest community is present on the south-facing slopes within the project
area. This is a mature forest with trees reaching 70 feet in height. The understory is
relatively open except where this community adjoins the disturbed areas. Both upland
' forest communities described in this report contain many similar species. These include
black cherry (Prunus serotina), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), shortleaf pine (Pinus
echinata), white pine (Pinus strobus), American holly (Ilex opaca), yellow jasmine
t (Gelsemium sempervirens), Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), and wild garlic
(Allium canadense). On the driest slopes, this upland community also includes white oak
(Quercus alba), Southern red oak (Quercus falcata), American beech (Fagus
I grandifolia), chestnut oak (Quercus montana), post oak (Quercus stellata), red cedar
(Juniperus virginiana), and mockemut hickory (Carya tomentosa).
2.2.4.4 Mesic Upland Forest Community
A moist upland forest community can be found on the north-facing slopes within the
project area. This is also a mature community with trees reaching 70 feet in height. The
understory is relatively open except where this community adjoins the disturbed areas.
This community contains many of the same species found in the dry upland forest
' community, as mentioned earlier. Other dominant species include red maple, tulip poplar,
and mountain magnolia (Magnolia frasieri). The understory in this forest is typically
composed of Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), mountain laurel
' (Kalmia latifolia), and violet (Viola sp.).
2.2.4.5 Wetland Community
1 Two small wetlands are located in the pasture near stations 29+00 and 34+00. Each
wetland is located at the toe of a large hill slope and is fed partly or entirely by spring
' seeps. Two pipes that apparently drain an underground spring feed the largest wetland
community. This wetland is triangular in shape and approximatel It is
bounded by a dirt road on the south side and pasture on the other two sides. The water
I has been channelized on the northern side and flows to its confluence with LBC near
station 29+00.
' Another wetland is found just to the east of the wetland described above. This wetland is
1/3 to 1/ the size of the larger wetland. A very large pile of limbs and stumps conceals a
spring that feeds this wetland. Only a few scattered trees remain here, and the standing
' water in the wetland and associated channel is stagnant, with heavy algae growth. A
ditch drains this wetland also, and enters LBC near station 34.
1
' 19
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
I

Cattle have access to both of these wetlands and have severely impaired the growth of
new vegetation. Woody vegetation is sparse and very little herbaceous cover can be
found. The dominant tree species include tag alder (Alnus serrulata), red maple,
flowering dogwood and American holly. Multiflora rose, greenbriar, and Japanese
honeysuckle also proliferate. Fescue is the primary herbaceous species. The soils of these
wetlands are hydric, but have indiscernible layers due to cattle trampling the soil.
2.2.5 Wildlife Observations
Wildlife and signs of wildlife were noted during on-site visits, however, a formal wildlife
survey was not performed. Tracks of white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and
raccoon (Procyon lotor) were observed along the stream banks, and in the adjacent
pastures. A muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) was also observed near the stream. A variety
of birds were seen in the thickets, shrubs, and forests surrounding the stream channel
including: blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), American
goldfinch (Carduelis tristis), tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor), American crow (Corvus
brachyrhynchos), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Carolina chickadee (Parus
caolinensis), white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta caroiinensis), downy woodpecker (Picoides
pubescens), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicencis),
turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), American robin
(Turdus migratorius), European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and song sparrow (elospiza
melodia). Small fish were seen in LBC near the wetland communities.
' The USFWS lists 1 species under federal protection and four species of federal concern
for Wilkes County as of February 2002 (USFWS 2001). These species are listed in Table
1. The NC Natural Heritage Program lists the regal fritillary as a Federal Species of
' Concern in Wilkes County, however it does not appear on the USFWS list for this
county. This is most likely because the NC NHP files were updated more recently than
the USFWS files. For this reason, the regal fritillary is included in this report.
I

I
J

20
I_
II
'1

II
I1?
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
Table 1. Species Under Federal Protection in Wilkes County
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status
Vertebrates
Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea FSC
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)
Invertebrates
Diana Fritillary Speyeria Diana FSC
Regal Fritillary Speyeria idalia FSC
Moss
Keever's Bristle-moss Orthotrichum keeverae FSC
Notes: E Endangered-A species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range.
T Threatened-A species that is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
T(S/A) Threatened due to similarity of appearance.
FSC Federal species of concern.
No Threatened, Endangered or Species of Federal Concern were observed during the site
visit, and none are recorded at NC National Heritage Program as occurring within 2 miles
(3.2 km) of the project area. Furthermore, no suitable habitat for any of these federally
listed species was observed during the site visit.
3.0 REFERENCE REACHES
3.1 BIG BRANCH
¦ Big Branch, a second order stream, is located 1.5 miles south of Blevins Store in Surry
County, North Carolina (Figure 9). Big Branch flows into the Fisher River approximately
' 1000 feet downstream of the reach surveyed. The stream has a drainage area of 1216
acres or 1.9 square miles. The watershed is mildly sloped (2.3 percent) with forested and
agricultural areas throughout. The area surrounding the creek is forested and hilly on the
' south side. The north side has a thin row of trees along a road embankment. The
vegetation is similar to that of the project site with dense shrub and deciduous vegetation
lining its banks and adjacent floodplain. The floodplain area upstream of this reach is
used for cattle grazing. The riparian area is fenced out so the cattle do not have access to
the stream.
{ 1 A complete biological assessment of the stream was conducted on August 16, 1999. A
total of 204 benthic macroinvertebrates making up 38 taxa were found in Big Branch.
Seventeen of these taxa were EPT taxa. According to this biological assessment, this
' stream appears to be in excellent condition. The NC biotic index value was 3.26 and the
percentage of chironomids were low (6 percent).
I
22
i
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC

I
I

The stream was surveyed on August 12, 1999. Channel dimension, pattern, and profile
were measured for 330 linear feet of stream. The end point of the survey is located
approximately 80 feet upstream of the Red Hill Creek Road bridge. The stream had a
bankfull channel width of 21.5 feet and a bankfull mean depth of 2.0 feet. Big Branch is
an E4 stream type from Rosgen Classification system. Longitudinal profile, cross-
sections, and the pebble count for this reference reach is located in Appendix C.
3.2 BASIN CREEK
Basin Creek, a fourth order stream, is located entirely within Doughton Recreational Area
in Allegheny and Wilkes Counties (Figure 10). The reach surveyed is located
approximately 4000 feet up Grassy Gap Road within the park boundaries and below the
junction of West Branch Basin Creek and Cove Creek. The drainage area for the reach
surveyed is 4607 acres or 7.2 square miles. The watershed is steeply sloped (10.3
percent) with a heavily forested stable landuse. The entire watershed is located within
State Park boundaries. Dense shrub and deciduous vegetation line the banks and adjacent
hillslopes. The surveyed reach is located immediately downstream from the confluence of
two colluvial B type streams.
A survey crew from Natural Resources Conservation Service and Surry County Soil and
Water Conservation Service surveyed the stream on October 28, 1998. Channel
dimension, pattern, and profile were measured for 953 linear feet of stream. The stream
had a bankfull channel width of 33.2 feet and a bankfull mean depth of 2.1 feet. Basin
creek is a C4 stream type. A biological assessment was not conducted on this stream.
Longitudinal profile, cross-sections, and the pebble count for this reference reach is
located in Appendix D.
4.0 STREAM CHANNEL DESIGN
' This restoration will classify as a Priority 2 restoration (Rosgen, 1997). The floodplain
will be re-established to fit the existing stream profile. Table 2 describes and summarizes
the four priorities of incised river restoration (Rosgen, 1997). The proposed stream
' restoration will restore a stable meander pattern, modify channel cross-section, restore
bedform, improve sediment transport capacity, enhance habitat, and re-establish a
floodplain for the stream.
' The design was based upon Dave Rosgen's natural channel design methodology. As
described in Section 4.0, Big Branch and Basin Creek were utilized as reference reaches
on which the morphological characteristics were measured to determine a range of values
' for the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the proposed channel. The existing and
proposed morphological characteristics are shown in Table 3.
' Ten tributaries/drainages enter LBC or the UT within the project limits. All will be
stabilized or restored within the easement limits of the project. The two main perennial
tributaries will be restored to a stable dimension, pattern, and profile. All of these
' 23

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
tributaries/drainages have been previously straightened by landowners to improve
drainage. Design parameters will based upon reference data from Big Branch.
' A conceptual design was developed from the range of values listed in Table 3. This
stream restoration project will restore approximately 4,500 linear feet of LBC and 1,900
linear feet of the UT. The plan view of the proposed restoration design can be seen in
Figure 11 (a through e).

0

24

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STOKES Source: USGS Quadrangles:
WILKES Bottom, NC, 1971.
FORSYTH ' Maptech® U.S. Terrain Series, N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
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FIGURE 9
Big Branch Watershed
-?r ' - Reference Reach
j Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
Wilkes County, North Carolina
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Whitehead, NC, 1968.
' Maptech® U.S. Terrain Series, N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
CALDWELL ALEXANDER - IREDEL ? OMaptech®, Inc. 603-433-8500" NCDENR Restoration Program
L , - FIGURE 10
Basin Creek Watershed, Wilkes County
?J
7-1
"-' Reference Reach
L- J
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Plan
1
-? ?? Wilkes County, North Carolina
I
I

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
Table 2. Priorities, Description and Summary for Incised River Restoration
DESCRIPTION METHODS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
PRIORITY 1 Re-establish channel on Re-establishment of 1) floodplain re-
Convert G and/or F previous floodplain using relic floodplain and stable establishment could cause
stream types to C and/or channel or construction of channel: flood damage to urban
E at previous elevation new bankfull discharge 1) reduces bank height and agricultural and industrial
w/floodplain channel. Design new channel streambank erosion development.
for dimension, pattern and 2) reduces land loss 2) downstream end of
profile characteristic of stable 3) raises water table project could require grade
form. Fill in existing incised 4) decreases sediment control from new to
channel or with discontinuous 5) improves aquatic and previous channel to prevent
oxbow lakes level with new terrestrial habitats head-cutting.
floodplain elevation. 6) improves land
productivity, and
7) improves aesthetics.
PRIORITY 2 If belt width provides for the 1) decreases bank height 1) does not raise water
Convert G and/or F minimum meander width ratio and streambank erosion table back to previous
stream types to C or E. for C or E stream types, 2) allows for riparian elevation
Re-establishment of construct channel in bed of vegetation to help stabilize 2) shear stress and velocity
floodplain at existing or existing channel, convert banks higher during flood due to
higher, but not at existing bed to new 3) establishes floodplain to narrower floodplain
original level floodplain. If belt width is too help take stress of channel 3) upper banks need to be
narrow, excavate streambank during flood sloped and stabilized to
walls. End-hall material or 4) improves aquatic habitat reduce erosion during
place in streambed to raise 5) prevents wide-scale flood.
bed elevation and create new flooding of original land
floodplain in the deposition. surface
6) reduces sediment
7) downstream grade
transition for grade control
is easier.
PRIORITY 3 Excavation of channel to 1) reduces the amount of 1) high cost of materials
Convert to a new stream change stream type involves land needed to return the for bed and streambank
type without an active establishing proper river to a stable form. stabilization
floodplain, but dimension, pattern and 2) developments next to 2) does not create the
containing a floodprone profile. To convert G to B river need not be re-located diversity of aquatic habitat
area. Convert G to B stream involves an increase in due to flooding potential 3) does not raise water
stream type, or F to Bc width/depth and entrenchment 3) decreases flood stage for table to previous levels.
ratio, shaping upper slopes the same magnitude flood
and stabilizing both bed and 4) improves aquatic
banks. A conversion from F habitat.
to Bc stream type involves a
decrease in width/depth ratio
and an increase in
entrenchment ratio.
PRIORITY 4 A long list of stabilization 1) excavation volumes 1) high cost for
Stabilize channel in materials and methods have reduced stabilization
place been used to decrease stream 2) land needed for 2) high risk due to
bed and bank erosion, restoration is minimal excessive shear stress and
including concrete, gabions, velocity
boulders and bio-engineering 3) limited aquatic habitat
methods depending on nature of
stabilization methods used.
Source: Rosgen, 1997, "A Geomorphological Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers"

27

Table 3. Little Bugaboo Creek Morphology (Existing, Proposed, and Reference)

Variables Existing Main
Channel Existing
Tributary
Channel Reference
Reach - Big
Branch Reference
Reach-Basin
Creek Proposed
Main
Channel Proposed
Tributary
Channel
Stream Type Ros en Bc, C, E, and F C and F E4, _ 64 E c
Drainage Areas . mi. 3.45 1.4 % -7:2 3.45 1.4
Bankfull Width W bkf, ft 26.0-35.5 17.5-18.0 20.0-21.5 29.5-36.9 25.7 18
MEAN 30.5 17.8 X0:8 }'e 33.2
Bankfull Mean Depth dbkf, ft 1.9-2.9 1.2 2.0 1.9-2.2 2.34 1.5
MEAN 2.3 1.2 "&0- 2.1
Width/de th Ratio bk/ldbkl 8.8-17.4 14.4-14.8 9.8-10.8 13.4-19.4
MEAN 13.7 14.6 10.3 16.4
Bankfull Cross-sectional Area (Abkf
s q. ft.
54.0-87.7
21.2-21.9
40.9-42.8
64.9-71.9
60.0
27.0
MEAN 69.7 21.6 .,-419 68.4
Bankfull Maximum Depth dmax ft 2.7-4.1 2.2-2.3 2.5 - 2.7 3.0-3.2 3.5 2.1
MEAN 3.5 2.3 26: 3.1
Ratio Bankfull Maximum Depth to
Mean Bankfull Depth dmax/dbk/
1.5
1.9
1.4-1.3
1.5
dolaww
Wj""41
Lowest Bank Height to Bankfull
Maximum Depth Ratio
1.9-2.9
3.3-4.5
1.0
1.0 41•1
1.0
MEAN 2.3 3.9 -
Width of Flood Prone Area Wtpa ft 90 38 130' 329 255 170
Entrenchment Ratio fpalWbkf 2.7 1.8-2.5 65 8.9 9.9 9.4
Meander Length Lm ft 133 - 590 87 - 355 185 - 260 350 196 - 366 129 - 224
MEAN 278 193 222 350 269 163
Ratio of Meander Length to Bankfull
Width Lm/Wbkf
4.4-19.3
4.9-19.9
8.9-12.6
10.5
-
-
MEAN 9.1 10.9 10.7 10.5 9.0 10
Radius of Curvature Rc ft 62 - 234 27 - 98 42 - 63 40.1 - 69.3 60 - 90 35 - 70
MEAN 113 52 66 ' 51.2 74 47
Ratio of Radius of Curvature to
Bankfull Width Rc/Wbkf
2.0-7.7
1.5-5.5
2.0-3.0
1.2-2.1
41lli NL
MEAN 3.7 2.9 2.6 1.5 2.5 2.5
Belt Width bn ft 36 - 140 26 - 74 31 - 44 59 - 75
MEAN 73 45 37, 64.7
Meander Width Ratio WbltlWbkf 1.2-4.6 1.5-4.2 1.5-2.1 1.7-2.3 4x4;'-6.0 4m&_-8.3
MEAN 2.4 2.5 1.8 1.9 3.4 3.6
Sinuosity (Stream LengthNalley
Length, k - ft/ft
1.3
1.2
1.1
-
1.2
1.3
Valle Slope Svaney ft/ft 0.0061 0.013 096091" - Xm
Average Water Surface Slope Savg) 0.0049 0.011 0.0087 0.0144 &QsM4,- "40
Pool Sloe (Spool)** 0.0002 - 0.0017 0.00057 0 - 0.0004 0.0-0.005
MEAD 0.0008 0.00057 0.0001 0.006473
Ratio of Pool Slope to Average Slope
Spool/Savg
0.16
0.044
0.011
0.45
0.20
0.20
Riffle Sloe Srin ft/ft * 0.0005-0,0087 0.0096-0.032 0.015-0.019 0.018-0.02
MEAN 0.0057 0.021 U17 0.02082 0.009 2.010
Ratio of Riffle Slope to Average Slope
SriHlSavg
0.10-1.78
0.87-2.91
1.95
1.44
2.0
MEAN 1.16 1.91 1 20A 4?)i
Maximum Pool Depth dpooi ft 3.4-3.8 2.3 3.5-4.0 4.1-5.2 5.2 3.3
MEAN 3.6 2.3 18 4.8
Ratio of pool depth to mean bankfull
depth dpoolldbld
1.6
1.9
+"-
2. -_
"4212"'
21P--
Pool Width pool ft 34.2-74.5 34.2 17.8-19.0 35 - 68 31.0 21.6
MEAN 52.6 34.2 I&A 50.3
Ratio of Pool Width to Bankfull Width
poollWbk/
1.1-2.4
1.9
0.9
1.5
1.2
1.2
MEAN 1.7 1.9 - -
Pool to Pool Spacing P-P ft 57 - 287 33 -176 98 - 180 271 - 334 106 - 217 64 - 166
MEAN 145 99 - 139 305 M60' ,
Ratio of P-P to Bankfull Width (P
P/Wbkl
1.9-9.4
1.9-9.9
x.4.7-8.7
-10:1`ti,
3.8-7.8
3.4-8.7
MEAN 4.7 5.6 67 2 -977 Ofia-
' *The avg. water surface slope neglects the final 200 feet of stream where grade will be lowered to tie into Fisher River.
**Existing Riffle and Pool slopes were not measured.
***The Max. Riffle Slope do not include grade changes produced by cross-vanes.

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
4.1 RESTORATION TECHNIQUES
Stream dimension, pattern, and profile will be adjusted so the new stream channel can
maintain stability while transporting its water and sediment load. The Priority 2
restoration (see Table 2) will involve modifying the existing channel at its existing
elevation to create a stable channel (Figure 11 (a through e)).
Vegetation will be utilized to provide stability and provide habitat along the stream banks
and in the riparian area. The permanent conservation easement will be fenced to restrict
cattle access to this area. Stable cattle and farm equipment crossings will be established
to provide landowners with access to both sides of the stream while keeping cattle outside
the riparian zone. Local NRCS staff will work with landowners to install watering
systems for cattle. The greatest advantage of this Priority 2 restoration will be to create a
floodplain that the active channel can actively access. Other advantages of a Priority 2
restoration include improving aesthetics, improving habitat, reduction of bank height and
streambank erosion, and lowering of the in-channel shear stress.
4.1.1 Dimension
The present bankfull channel width for LBC ranges from 26.0 to 35.5 feet with a cross-
sectional area ranging from 54.0 to 87.7 square feet and the present bankfull channel
width for the UT ranges from 17.5 to 18.0 feet with a cross-sectional area ranging from
21.2 to 21.9 square feet. The design channel will be constructed to bankfull target
dimensions that are based on a combination of reference reach surveys, HEC RAS
modeling, and regional curve information. Typical cross-sections can be seen in Figure
12.
A design width of 25.7 feet for LBC and 18.0 feet for the UT will be applied to the
proposed reach. This width was back-calculated from the cross-sectional area taken from
the NC Piedmont Regional Curve and a width-to-depth ratio of 11.0 for LBC and 12 for
the UT. Required mean depth of the channel was verified using critical dimensionless
shear stress relationships to ensure there is enough design depth to transport the channel
bedload without aggrading or degrading. These characteristics will provide a stream
channel that classifies as an E-type channel for LBC and C-type channel for the UT
according to the Rosgen classification system.
The existing channel, with bank height ratio's ranging from 1.9 to 4.5, will have benches
cut at the bankfull elevation. This bankfull bench will establish a floodplain at the
bankfull elevation of the existing channel. This bankfull bench will provide an accessible
floodplain for the restored channel. The proposed channel will be able to access a
floodplain and effectively transport the sediment load.
29

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Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
4.1.2 Pattern
' The existing pattern of LBC can be described as long straight reaches followed by
severely tight meanders. The current sinuosity in LBC is 1.24 and in the UT is 1.18.
Design sinuosity for LBC is 1.2 and for the UT is 1.3. Existing pattern measurements
' were taken from the topographic mapping are included in Table 3.
A stable pattern will be established by softening of tight meanders and establishing new
meanders in long straight sections of the channel. This will be achieved by introducing
meanders into the stream with appropriate radius of curvatures and lengths based on
' reference reach data and existing constraints. The maximum sinuosity has been designed
into the new channel based on the reference data and project constraints. Introduction of
these meanders will improve habitat while lowering slope and shear stress.
4
.1.3 Bedform
The existing bedform along LBC and the UT is in poor condition. Long, straight sections
of the channel consist of predominantly run bedform features. The design channel will
incorporate riffles and pools to provide bedform common to E4/C4 stream types with
gravel substrate (Figure 13). Pools will be located in the outside of meander bends with
' riffles in the inflection points between meanders. Riffles on LBC will have a thalweg
depth of 3.5 feet while the pools will be deeper with a maximum depth of 5.2 feet. On the
UT riffles will have a thalweg depth of 2.1 feet while the pools will be deeper with a
' maximum depth of 3.3 feet on UT. A graph of the proposed profile can be seen in Figure
14. The profile may be adjusted slightly during the final design phase of the project.
' Cross-vanes will be utilized as grade control structures and to tie the relocated sections
back into the existing channel. The cross vanes will be constructed out of natural
materials such as boulders and wood. Existing bedrock outcroppings will also be
' incorporated into the proposed stream profile.
The existing pool-to-pool spacing is impaired in areas due to tight meander geometry.
' Existing pool-to-pool spacing on LBC is 57 to 287 feet and 33 to 176 on the UT. The
proposed spacing is 106 to 217 feet for LBC and 64 to 166 feet on the UT, which is
within the range of 3 and 12 bankfull widths as determined from the reference reach data.
To accomplish this, pools will be realigned or constructed such that they will be located
in the outside of the meander bends. Bedform will also be addressed through the strategic
placement of natural material structures such as cross vanes, root wads, and large woody
debris. Modifications to the bedform will provide stability and habitat to the channel.
' 4.1.4 Wetland Area
The wetland area near station 29+00 on LBC will be fenced, enhanced with native
vegetation, and have earthen level spreaders constructed to help improve water quality on
the site. A stable area will be constructed to provide a crossing for cattle and farm
equipment. The earthen level spreaders will deter channeling of water through the
wetland allowing sheet flow, and maximizing water quality improvement for the area.
' 36
FIGURE 12
Typical Cross-Sections of New Channel

7

0
LITTLE BUGABOO CREEK
RIFFLE CROSS SECTION
101
»-100 - ?- - - ----- - - -- --
99 BANKFULL STAGE
m gg --
N
W 97
96 - -
-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Width (ft)
101 -- T- - - -
_ -------- --
..100
BANKFULL STAGE
000-
.2
99-?? -
d
- - -?- -
W 98 I i - ---
97 16 -15 14 13 _1 - - - - ? , ? , - I
2 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Width (ft)
UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO LITTLE BUGABOO CREEK
POOL CROSS SECTION
?- -
,oo I. -I _ _ _
_ _
100 BAN
r - TAGEI -
=O 99 - KFULL S - - -
-- - - -
R 99
> 98
W 98 I I - 1
I I I
97 - -
91
-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Width (ft)

UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO LITTLE BUGABOO CREEK
RIFFLE CROSS SECTION

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Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
This area will be planted with appropriate riparian vegetation as described in Section 6.0
Habitat Restoration.
4.1.5 Riparian Areas
A riparian zone will be created around the new proposed stream channel to enhance both
aquatic and terrestrial habitat as well as stabilize the stream channel. The riparian zone
will extend 25 feet on average on either side of the channel from the top of bank (Figure
14). These areas will be planted with appropriate riparian vegetation as described in
Section 6.0 Habitat Restoration.
4.2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
A stable stream has the capacity to move its sediment load without aggrading or
degrading. The total load of sediment can be divided into bed load and wash load. Wash
load is normally composed of fine sands, silts and clay and transported in suspension at a
rate that is determined by availability and not hydraulically controlled. Bed load is
transported by rolling, sliding, or hopping (saltating) along the bed. At higher discharges,
some portion of the bed load can be suspended, especially if there is a sand component in
the bed load. Bed material transport rates are essentially controlled by the size and nature
of the bed material and hydraulic conditions (Hey 1997).
Critical dimensionless shear stress (2 *,j ) can be calculated using a surface and
subsurface particle sample from a representative riffle in the reach. . Since taking a
subsurface sample is difficult, it is often estimated using the median grain size from a
point bar sample. The sample is taken on the point bar face halfway between the thalweg
and bankfull.
-0.872
z *?? = 0.0834 d
d5o
where, *ci=critical dimensionless shear stress
d;=d5o of riffle bed surface from pebble count (mm)
d5o =subpavement d50 or bar d50 (mm)
A riffle bed surface pebble count was taken at a riffle on LBC using a method suggested
by Angela Jessup of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Yadkinville office. 100
particles were randomly selected along the wetted area throughout the entire length of a
riffle on LBC and UT. The riffle bed surface d50 was then calculated to be 35 mm on
LBC and 24mm on UT. A subsurface sample was taken at the same riffle and sieved to
determine the subsurface d50. The subpavement d50 was then calculated to be 13 mm on
LBC and llmm on UT. The data and particle distribution graphs can be found in
Appendix B.
41
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
The critical dimensionless shear stress is then calculated as follows,
' LBC:
872
-0
.
35
Omm
.
z *
, = 0.0834 1 = 0.035
?
13.Omm
' UT:
-0872
24
Omm
.
z?? = 0.0834 = 0.042
I
I LOmm
' Critical dimensionless shear stress can then be used to predict the water depth required to
move the largest particle found within the active channel, which is 0.25 ft for the LBC
and 0.23 ft for UT. The water depth is calculated by:
' (Z *,,)(P..d - Pwa,er)(D; )
d _
S

Ci

Thus,
LBC:
UT:
where, d=water depth (ft)
'r*c;=critical dimensionless shear stress
Nand=denisty of sand (2.65 lb/ft3)
pwater=density of water (1.0 lb/ft)
D;=largest particle found in the bar sample (ft)
s=average bankfull slope
(0.035)(2.65 lb -1.0 I3 )(0.25 ft)
d = ft3 = 2.6 ft
0.0054 -
ft
lb lb
(0.042)(2.65 .ft3 -1.0 ft3 )(0.23 ft)
d = =1.5 ft
0.01 ?
ft
For LBC a critical dimensionless shear stress value of 0.035, the depth of water required
to move a 0.25 ft particle was predicted to be 2.6 ft. The proposed channel dimensions
have an average bankfull depth of 2.34 ft, with a maximum depth of 3.5 ft. This design
provides the depth required to move the 0.25 ft particle found in the bar sample. The
channel dimensions will provide sufficient shear stress to accommodate sediment
transport. Grade control will be established to reduce the possibility of down-cutting of
the restored channel.
42
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
For UT a critical dimensionless shear stress value of 0.042, the depth of water required to
move a 0.23 ft particle was predicted to be 1.5 ft. The proposed channel dimensions have
an average bankfull depth of 1.5 ft, with a maximum depth of 2.1 ft. This design provides
the depth required to move the 0.23 ft particle found in the bar sample. The channel
dimensions will provide sufficient shear stress to accommodate sediment transport.
Shear stress at the riffle was also checked using Shield's Curve. The shear stress placed
on the sediment particles is the force that entrains and moves the particles, given by:
2 = 7Rs
where, =shear stress (lb/ft2)
r--specific gravity of water (62.4 lb/ft)
R=hydraulic radius (ft)
s=average bankfull slope (ft/ft)
Hydraulic radius is calculated by:
R_A
P
where, R=hydraulic radius
A=cross-sectional area (ft)
P=wetted perimeter (ft)
Thus,
LBC:
60 ftz
f
R _ 27.3ft =2.2
UT:
2
R= 19? =1.42 ft
43

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
Wetted perimeter was measured off of a CADD file of the typical riffle cross-section
drawn to scale.
Therefore,
LBC:

z = (62.4 lb )(2.2 ft)(0.0054 ft) = 0.741b/ ft2
UT:
lb
z = (62.4 ft3 )(1.42 ft)(0.01) = 0.881b/ ft2
The critical shear stress for the proposed channel has to be sufficient to move the D84 of
the riffle bed material, which is 45 mm for LBC and 43 mm for UT. Based on a shear
stress of 0.74 lb/ft2 for LBC and 0.88 lb/ft2 for UT, Shield's Curve predicts that this
stream can move a particle that is, on average, greater than 45 mm for LBC and 60mm.
' Since the D84 was 45 mm for LBC and 43 mm for UT and Shield's Curve predicts 45 mm
for LBC and 60mm for UT, the proposed stream has the competency to move its bed
load.
' 4.3 FLOODING ANALYSIS
' This restoration site is in a FEMA/regulatory floodway zone and therefore, is subject to
FEMA regulations. Currently there are no structures located in the floodway that would
be impacted by floodplain alterations. The Priority 2 restoration of the stream will leave
' the stream's existing profile elevations essentially the same. A new floodplain will be
established so that the active stream will be able to access it during larger storm events.
Considering the type of restoration it is assumed that for smaller events the water surface
elevations along the stream shall remain the same. During storms where the stream
accesses the newly established floodplain, the new water surface elevations are expected
' to be lower than the existing water surface elevations for storms of the same magnitude.
The restoration will create neither positive nor negative water surface elevation changes
during the larger storm events (greater than 50-year). HEC-RAS will be used to analyze
' both existing and proposed conditions once the design is completed. Sheer stress and
flood stages will be compared between the two conditions to evaluate the design. The
USGS Method for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins was
' used to estimate the 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year peak discharges for both stream
reaches. The storm flows for each event are as follows:

44

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
Little Bugaboo Unnamed
Creek Tributary
3.5 mil 1.4 mil
' Q2 = 250 cfs Q2 = 150 cfs
Q5 = 430 cfs Q5 = 250 cfs
Q10 = 590 cfs Q10 = 330 cfs
' Q25 = 830 cfs Q25 = 450 cfs
Q50 = 1,040 cfs Q50 = 560 cfs
Q100 = 1,290 cfs Q100 = 670 cfs

The region-of-influence method describe in the USGS publication estimates flood
discharges at ungaged basins by deriving, for a given ungaged rural site, regression
relations between the flood discharges and basin characteristics of a unique subset of
gaged stations. The latitude and longitude and drainage area for the LBC site is all the
input that is required.
HEC-RAS, version 3.0, will be used to compute a flooding analysis for the existing and
proposed conditions. This analysis will ensure that the project will not change existing
floodwater limits and will determine whether personal or public property is at risk of
damage.
4.4 STRUCTURES
Several different structures made of natural materials will be installed along LBC and the
UT. These structures include cross vanes, J-hook vanes, and root wads. Natural materials
such as boulders, logs, and root wads will be used to create these structures from off-site
sources.
' 4.4.1 Cross Vane
A cross vane structure serves to maintain the grade of the stream. The design shape is
roughly that of the letter "U" with the apex located on the upstream side at the foot of the
' ripple. Footer rocks are placed in the channel bottom for stability. Rocks are then placed
on these footer rocks in the middle of the channel at approximately the same elevation as
the ripple. On either side of the channel, rocks are placed at an angle to the stream bank,
' gradually inclining in elevation until they are located above the bankfull surface directly
adjacent to the stream bank. Water flowing downstream is directed over the vane towards
the middle of the channel. Rocks placed at the apex determine the bed elevation
' upstream. A cross vane is primarily used for grade control and to protect the stream
banks.
F
L
r
45
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
4.4.2 Root Wads
' The objectives of these structure placements are as follows: (1) protect the stream bank
from erosion; (2) provide in-stream and overhead cover for fish; (3) provide shade,
' detritus, terrestrial insect habitat; (4) look natural, and (5) provide diversity of habitats
(Rosgen 1996). A footer log and boulder are placed on the channel bottom abutting the
stream bank along an outside meander that will provide support for the root wad and
' additional stability to the bank. A large tree root wad is then placed on the stream bank
with additional boulders and rocks on either side for stability. Flowing water is deflected
away from the bank and towards the center of the channel.
' Specific location all of these structures will be determined during final design.
5.0 HABITAT RESTORATION
I The restoration plan requires the establishment of riparian vegetation at the site. The
proposed vegetation is described in the following sections.
5.1 Vegetation
Vegetation that develops a quick canopy has extensive root system, and a substantial
' above-ground plant structure is needed to help stabilize the banks of a restored stream
channel in order to reduce scour and runoff erosion. In natural riparian environments,

' pioneer plants that often provide these functions are alder, river birch, silky dogwood,
and willow. Once established, these trees and shrubs create an environment that allows
for the succession of other riparian species including ashes, black walnuts, red maples,
sycamores, oaks and other riparian species.
In the newly restored stream channel, revegetation will be vital to help stabilize the
' stream banks and establish a riparian zone around the restored channel. Revegetation
efforts on this project will emulate natural vegetation communities found along relatively
undisturbed stream corridors. To quickly establish dense root mass along the channel
' bank, a native grass mixture will be planted on the stream bed and bank. Shrubs will be
utilized on the stream bank and along the floodplain to provide additional root mass.
Extra care will be given to the outside of the meander bends to ensure a dense root mass
in those areas of high stress. Coir matting will be used to provide erosion protection until
vegetation can be established. Along the tops of the channel banks, trees, shrubs and a
native grass mixture will be planted.
' There are few suitable salvageable plants along the stream banks. As a result, a mixture
of seeds, livestakes, bare root nursery stock, and transplants will be utilized to stabilize
' the banks. Proposed species to be planted include

46

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
Trees
Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Black walnut (Juglans nigra)
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
River birch (Betula nigra)
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
Box elder (Acer negundo)
Shrubs
' Dog-hobble (Leucothoe sp.)
Rhododendron (Rhododendron minum)
Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea)
Silky dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Black willow (Salix nigra)
Tag alder (Alnus serrulata)
' Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
American holly (Ilex opaca0
Herbs- Permanent seed mixture
Gramminoids
' Bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus)
Tussock sedge (Carex stricta)
River oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)
' Wood oats (Chasmanthium laxum)
Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus)
Deertongue (Panicum clandestinum)
' Silver plumegrass (Saccharum alopecurodium)
Little blue stem (Schizachyrium scoparium)

' Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus)
Other herbaceous vegetation
' Cut-leaved coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata)
Wrinkle leaved goldenrod (Solidago rugosa)
New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis).
n

n
Areas that are currently vegetated with non-invasive trees or shrubs will remain
undisturbed and succession will be allowed to proceed naturally. Woody vegetation will
be planted between November and March to allow plants to stabilize during the dormant
period and set root during the spring season. In the areas where invasive and exotic
species are located, during construction and monitoring control by removal or appropriate
herbicides will be implemented to prevent competition with the revegetation efforts. It is
imperative that grubbing techniques be utilized to eradicate fescue grass within the
47

i

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
construction area. Fescue is an invasive grass that may overtake planted areas if not
properly eliminated prior to planting.
5.2 Riparian Buffers
A riparian buffer will be utilized to revegetate the floodplain. Any areas disturbed during
construction will be replanted with bottomland hardwood forest vegetation to the existing
tree line or a distance of 50 feet from the top of bank (Figure 15).
5.2.1 Bottomland Hardwood Forest
The riparian buffer will contain dominant vegetation similar to the Piedmont/Low
Mountain Alluvial Forest community type described in Classification of the Natural
Communities of North Carolina: Third Approximation (Schafle and Weakly 1990).
Proposed species to be planted include trees, shrubs and permanent seed mixture listed
under Streambank Vegetation (Section 6.1).
5.2.2 Wetlands
Cattle and various agricultural practices have heavily impacted the wetland communities
adjacent to LBC. Fencing out the cattle, plugging existing ditches, and creating swales to
spread out overland flow will greatly enhance the quality of these wetlands, as well as
increase their overall size. Once construction is complete, the wetland will be planted
with native, non-invasive vegetation including tag alder, silky dogwood, river birch,
American elm (Ulmus americana), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanicum), buttonbush
(Cephalanthus occidentalis), swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and willow oak
(Quercus phellos). It may also be beneficial to plant herbaceous species such as rushes
(Juncus effusus) and bulrush (Scirpus purshianus).
5.2.3 Temporary Seeding
A temporary seed mixture will be applied to all disturbed areas immediately after
construction activities have completed. This temporary seed mixture will provide erosion
control until permanent seed can become established.
48
EASEMENT BOUNDARY EASEMENFENCENDNE
FENCE LINE
BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD
FOREST ZONE MAIN STREAM CHANNEL FOREST ZONE
TYPICALLY 25' (VARIES) TOP OF BANK TYPICALLY 25' (VARIES)
r BARE ROOT SHRUB (BANKFULL) LIVE BARE ROOT TREE 3 FT STAKES
lV. ..
5:1 p?R #V -------BL -- F` 5:1 OPVAp
STAGE
VqR s
12:1 MAX. 1:1
?1'(I? 12:1
COIF
COIR KEYED IN TO 0.5 FT
VEGETATION ZONE DETAIL-POOL
?lj SCALE: NTS
EASEMENT BOUNDARY
EASEMENT BOUNDARY FENCE LINE
FENCE LINE
BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD
FOREST ZONE MAIN STREAM CHANNEL FOREST ZONE
YPICALLY 25' (VARIES) TYPICALLY 25' (VARIES)
r TOP OF BANK
1 BAS BARE ,SH UB (BANKFULL) DOT TREE
2;1# #
OR - - - - - BANKFUL - - - - - S.T OP VPII
12:1 ntit
Cn._ _. _ ..N6 12:1
R KEYED IN TO 0.5 FT
VEGETATION ZONE DETAIL- RIFFLE
SCALE: NTS

n

C

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
6.0 MONITORING
6.1 STREAM CHANNEL
Monitoring of the stability of the channel is recommended to occur approximately 6
months after restoration is complete or after bankfull (or greater) events and should
continue annually for a period of 3 to 5 years. Monitoring practices may include, but are
not limited to, installing bank erosion pins and a toe pin, monumented cross-sections,
scour chains, macroinvertebrate studies, longitudinal profiles, conducting the bank
erosion hazard rating guide and establishing photo reference points. The purpose of
monitoring is to determine bank stability, bed stability, morphological stability, and
overall channel stability. Table 4, below, can be used for selecting practices.
Table 4. Stream Monitoring Practices
PRACTICE STABILITY` ASSESSMENT
Bank Erosion Pins with Toe Pin -Lateral or bank stability
Monumented Cross-Section -Vertical or bed stability
-Lateral or bank stability
Scour Chains -Vertical or bed stability
-Scour depth fora articular storm
Scour Chain w/ Monumented
Cross-Section -Vertical or bed stability
-Sediment transport relations
-Biological interpretations
Longitudinal Profile -Channel profile stability
Bank Erosion Hazard Guide -Bank erosion potential
Photo Reference Points -Overall channel stability
Macroinvertebrate Studies -Biological indication of water
quality
6.2 VEGETATION
Prior to planting, the site will be inspected and checked for proper elevation and
suitability of soils. Availability of acceptable, good quality plant species will be
determined. The site will be inspected at completion of planting to determine proper
planting methods, including proper plant spacing, density, and species composition.
Competition control will be implemented if determined to be necessary during the early
stages of growth and development of the tree species. Quantitative sampling of the
vegetation will be performed between August 1 and November 30 at the end of the first
year and after each growing season until the vegetation criteria is met.
50

n
H
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
In preparation for the quantitative sampling, 50 by 50 feet (0.05-acre) vegetative plots
will be established in the reforested area. Plots will be evenly distributed throughout the
site. For each plot, species composition and density will be reported. Photo points will be
taken within each zone. Monitoring will take place once each year for five years.
' Success will be determined by survival of target species within the sample plots. At least
six different representative tree species should be present on the entire site. If the
vegetative success criteria are not met, the cause of failure will be determined and
appropriate corrective action will be taken.
6.3 MACROINVERTEBRATES
' A monitoring period of 3 to 5 years is commonly suggested to determine changes in
macroinvertebrate populations within a newly restored stream. The North Carolina
' Wetlands Restoration Program will determine a macroinvertebrate monitoring policy.

I

f
51
Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
7.0 REFERENCES
' Amoroso, J.L., ed. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Plant Species of
North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
' Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Raleigh,
North Carolina.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands
and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of
Biological Services, FWS/OBS-79/31. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
'
Doll, B. A., et al. 2000. Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for Urban Streams
throughout the Piedmont of North Carolina. American Water Resources Association.
Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern
United States. Monocotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.
Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern
' United States. Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.
Harrelson, Cheryl, C.L. Rawlins and John Potyondy. 1994. Stream Channel Reference
' Sites: An Illustrated Guide to Field Technique. United States Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service. General Technical Report RM-245
.
Hey, Richard and Dave Rosgen. 1997. Fluvial Geomorphology for Engineers. Wildland
' Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, Colorado.
LeGrand, H.E., Jr. and S.P. Hall, eds. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare
' Animal Species of North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of
Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
NCDENR. "Water Quality Stream Classifications for Streams in North Carolina." Water
' Quality Section. http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wqhome.html (12 March 2002).
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the
' Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Rosgen, Dave. 1997. A Geomorphological Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers.
' Wildland Hydrology. Proceedings of the Conference on Management of Landscapes
Disturbed by Channel Incision.
Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina: Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program.
Raleigh, North Carolina
' 52

Stream Restoration Plan
Little Bugaboo Creek, Wilkes County, NC
United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service
September 1997. "Soil Survey of Wilkes County, North Carolina." US Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. "Endangered Species/ Section 7 Program in
North Carolina." North Carolina Ecological Services. (22 March 2001)
USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1 (http://plants.usda.gov).
National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas,
Virginia, and Maryland. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina.
53

l

H

a
-D
a
x
a

II
Appendix A
Little Bugaboo Creek Photo Log
Existing Conditions
Picture 1. First Cross-section at the upstream end of Little Bugaboo Creek.
Picture 2. Little Bugaboo Creek upstream of existing crossing. A-1
Bankfull bench fonning on left bank.

Picture 3. Existing crossing on Little Bugaboo Creek.
-A,-,
11 Picture 4. Pool cross-section at severely eroding meander on Little Bugaboo Creek.

`?\ Lithe Bugaboo Crock Restoration Project Photo Lo?L A-?
R T H V T E C X

Picture 5. Pool cross-section at severely eroding meander on Little Bugaboo Creek.
Looking downstream.
Picture 6. Drainage leaving wet area flowing into Little Bugaboo Creek.
^\ Little Bugaboo Crcck Rcstoration Project Photo L?A-3
E A R T H" T E C N
Picture 7. Sharp eroding meander on Little Bugaboo Creek near the middle of the project.
Picture 8. Over widened area along Little Bugaboo Creek.
Floodplain being created on left bank.
Littlc Bugaboo Crcck Restoration Projcct Photo Log A-4
T E C M
Picture 9. Pool cross-section at station 17+20.
Picture 10. Pool cross-section at station at 13+20.
Little Bugaboo Creek Restoration Projcct Photo LoL, A-J
CD T E C X

N-iA
LL Y
arm K
ITI
Picture 11. Existing bridge to be replaced.
Picture 12. Eroding bank with exposed roots.
A-6
Pic
Li Itlc Bugaboo CrcckRcstoration Projcct Photo Lk- A_7
E F P T H `' T E C X
Picture 14. Overwidening channel with debris jam and central bar.
Picture 15. Mass wasting along one side of a central bar.
Picture 16. Central bar, typical throughout the mitigation site.
A-8

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PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Little Bugaboo Creek - Main Channel 2/14/2002
Part : Ben Goetz, Heather Wallace, Dan Clinton Reach: WRP Restoration
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item % % Cumulative
Silt/Clay <0.062 S/C' 5 19 24 24% 24%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 1 15 16 16% 40%
Fine .125-.25 A 5 4 9 9% 49%
Medium .25-.50 N 1 1 2 2% 51%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 0 0 0 0% 51%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S 0 1 1 1% 52%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 0 3 3 3% 55%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 0 4 4 4% 59%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 0 4 4 4% 63%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A 2 2 4 4% 67%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 4 6 10 10% 77%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 6 0 6 6% 83%
89 - 1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L 4 0 4 4% 87%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 3 0 3 3% 90%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0-64.0 6 0 6 6% 96%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 3 0 3 3% 99%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 -128 0 0 0 0 0% 99%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 - 180 B 0 1 1 1% 100%
7.1-10.1 Large 180 - 256 _ L 0 0 0 0% 100%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 IL 0 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 - 1024 D 0 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048 R 0 0 0 0% 100%
Bedrock BDRK 0 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 40 60 100 100% 100%
E A R T H G1 T E C X
PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Little Bugaboo Creek - Tributary Channel 2/14/2002
Pa : Ben Goetz, Heather Wallace, Dan Clinton Reach: WRP Restoration
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item % % Cumulative
Silt/Clay < 0.062 S/C 2 15 17 17% 17%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 2 11 13 13% 30%
Fine .125-.25 A 3 8 11 11% 41%
Medium .25-.50 N 2 2 4 4% 45%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 2 2 4 4% 49%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S 0 0 0 0% 49%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 0 0 0 0% 49%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 2 1 3 3% 52%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 4 3 7 7% 59%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A 5 1 6 6% 65%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 6 4 10 10% 75%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 7 1 8 8% 83%
89 - 1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L - 9 0 9 9% 92%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 2 0 2 2% 94%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0-64.01 2 0 2 2% 96%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 2 1 3 3% 99%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 - 128 O 0 0 0 0% 99%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 - 180 B 0 0 0 0% 99%
7.1-10.1 Large 180 - 256 L 0 1 1 1 % 100%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 - 1024 D 0 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048 R 0 0 0 0% 100%
Bedrock BDRK 0 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 50 50 100 100% 100%
Particle Size Distribution
Little Bugaboo Creek Tributary - Wilkes County, NC
100%-

90%-

80%-

70%- -

w 60%

50%-

40%- -

30%-

20%

10%- -

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Particle Size (mm)
E A R T H `) T E 0 H

RIFFLE PAVEMENT PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Little Bugaboo Creek - Main Channel 2/14/2002
Part : Ben Goetz, Heather Wallace, Dan Clinton Reach: WRP Restoration
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item % % Cumulative
Silt/Clay < 0.062 `S/C 0 0 0 0% 0%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 1 0 1 1% 1 %a
Fine .125-.25 A 0 0 0 0% 1%
Medium .25-.50 N 0 0 0 0% 1%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 2 0 2 2% 3%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S ' 0 0 0 0% 3%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 0 0 0 0% 3%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 0 0 0 0% 3%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 3 0 3 3% 6%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A 5 0 5 5% 11%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 8 0 8 8% 19%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 13 0 13 13% 32%
89 - 1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L 14 0 14 14% 46%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 20 0 20 20% 66%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0-64.01 17 0 17 17% 83%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 9 0 9 9% 92%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 - 128 O 8 0 8 8% 100%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 - 180 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
7.1 - 10.1 Large 180 - 256 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 - 1024 D 0 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048 R 0 0 0 0% 100%
Bedrock BDRK 0 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 100 0 100 100% 100%
E A R T H G1 T E C H
i
RIFFLE PAVEMENT PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Little Bugaboo Creek - Tributary Channel 2/14/2002
Pa : Ben Goetz, Heather Wallace, Dan Clinton Reach: WRP Restoration
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item % % Cumulative
Silt/Clay < 0.062 S/C 0 0 0 0% 0%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 0 0 0 0% 0%
Fine .125-.25 A 0 0 0 0% 0%
Medium .25-.50 N 1 0 1 1% 1%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 5 0 5 5% 6%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S 2 0 2 2% 8%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 3 0 3 3% 11%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 3 0 3 3% 14%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 5 0 5 5% 19%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A - 10 0 10 10% 29%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 6 0 6 6% 35%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 11 0 11 11% 46%
89 - 1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L 18 0 18 18% 64%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 12 0 12 12% 76%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0-64.01 11 0 11 11% 87%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 9 0 9 9% 96%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 - 128 O ` 1 0 1 1 % 97%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 - 180 B 3 0 3 3% 100%
7.1-10.1 Large 180 - 256 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 - 1024 D 0 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048 R- 0 0 0 0% 100%
Bedrock BDRIK 0 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 100 0 100 100% 100%
Pavement Particle Size Distribution
Little Bugaboo Creek Tributary - Wilkes County, NC
100%

90%

80%
r
70% -
-? 60%-
..
50%

1° 40%

E 30%

?; 20%
10%

0%

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Particle Size (mm)
E A R T H `J T E C H

7

a
10
x
n

MMMCE -kC SURETY
StrevaName. Big Branch
LtfCAClon-f yam. > '` i ,
1'nrpose j;?6ngil*dW4 Profile and C'rosi-secliourrtCaSUrKmeil }for Graduate Work _ tt
Date x $/1211944
Crew. Dt1RClin iq jao Patterson' Jim Buck _
F,ndltig PoMf X AVLONG, .<
f.,
Watirshed Area; 1.9- mi STRFAhi T :
REFERENCE REACH Summary Data
Channel Dimensions
Mean Median Min Max
Max. Riffle Depth(drmax)(ft
): 2.6 2.6 1.4 1.5
,
idth(Wr
Riffle W )(ft):
20.8
20.8
0.0
0.0
Riffle X-Sect. Area(Ar)(ft^2): 41.8 41.8 15.0 15.5
Riffle Mean Bankfull Depth(dmbkf): 2.0 2.0 0.9 0.9

#1 #2
Max. Pool Depth(dpmax)(fl.): 4.0 3.5
Pool Width(Wp)(ft.17.8 19.0
Pool X-Sect. Area(, )(p Q 51.7 51.0
Mean Median Min Max
Ratio: Max. Pool Depth/Max. Riffle Depth(dpmax/drmax): 1.53 1.53 2.49 2.64
Ratio: Pool Width/Riffle Width(Wp/Wr): 0.86 0.86
Ratio: Pool Area/Riffle Area(Ap/Ar): 1.24 1.24 3.45 3.34
Ratio: Max. Pool Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth(dpmax/dbkf): 1.96 1.96 4.40 4.40
Ratio: Lowest Bank Height/Max. Bankfull Depth(Bhlow/dmbkf): 1
Streamflow: Estimated Mean Velocity(u) @ Bankfull Stage: Usec.
Streamflow: Estimated Discharge(Q) @ Bankfull Stage: CFS
Channel Pattern Mean Median Min Max
Meander Wavelength(Lm): ft.
Radius of Curvature(Rc): ft.
Beltwidth(Wblt): 37 37 ft.
Meander Width Ratio(MWR=WbIWVbkt):
P
` 1.80 1.80
RATIO: Radius of Curvature/Bankfull Wiid (
. /
bkf): 10.72 10.72
RATIO: Meander Wavelength/Bankfull Width(Lm/Wbkf): 2.58 2.67
Channel Profile Mean Median Min Max
Valley Slope: 0.0087 ftJft
Water Surface Slope: 0.0087 ftJft
Riffle Slope:
Pool Slope:
Run Slope:
Glide Slope:
Riffle Length:
Pool Length:
Run Length:
Glide Length:
Riffle to Riffle Spacing:
Pool to Pool Spacing:
Riffle to Pool Spacing:
54 55 42 63
223 223 185 260
31 44
0.0169 0.0163 0.02 0.0192
0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004
0.0011 0.0011 0.001 0.0011
0.0015 0.0015 0.00 0.0030
58.5 74.0 23.4 78.0
26.9 25.0 23.6 32.0
66.0 66.0 66.0 66.0
9.0 9.0 8.0 10.0
128.2 128.2 82.3 174.0
138.7 138.7 97.5 179.8
63.0 44.5 23.5 121.0

RATIO: Riffle Slope/ Water Surface Slope: 1.95 1.87 1.76 2.21
RATIO: Pool Slope/Water Surface Slope: 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.05
RATIO: Run Slope/Water Surface Slope: 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
RATIO: Glide Slope/ Water Surface Slope: 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.34
RATIO: Max. Riffle Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth: 1.28
RATIO: Max.Pool Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth: 1.96
RATIO: Max. Run Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth: n/a
RATIO: Max. Glide Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth: n/a
RATIO: Riffle LengthBankfull Width: 2.82 3.57 1.13 3.76
RATIO: Pool LengthBankfull Width: 1.29 1.20 1.14 1.54
RATIO: Run LengthBankfull Width: 3.18 3.18 3.18 3.18
RATIO: Glide LengthBankfull Width: 0.43 0.43 0.39 0.48
RATIO: Riffle to Riffle SpacingBankfull Width: 6.18 6.18 3.97 8.39
RATIO: Pool to Pool Spacing/Bankfull Width: 6.68 6.68 4.70 8.67
RATIO: Riffle to Pool Spacing/Bankfull Width: 3.04 2.14 1.13 5.83
D84: 84 aun Stretch
dmbkF 610 mm
dmbkf/D84: 7.26
u/u* : 7.3 Reference: Rosgen Reference Reach Field Book
Mannings'n' 0.033 "
E A A T N L\ T• C N
Big Branch -Reference Reach \VV/
fI CE Cl15C' rEY? ?, ,
tream S?stne° r.: Btarh
Location, ?, ?butary to the Little Fisher River on Bleviw Siore Road past Red Mill Creek
Purpowzzl ?' nt iual Profile and Crow-sectiommeasttrements for Graduaw Work
Date i ? 4:
s.
re?tiz2 an Quit `JaaPaw"on, Jim Buck 2=:
rgding Point-LAT/LONG;
,?VMte d Area: 1.9. t. rgilps T E t" : E
LONGfrUDINAL PROFILE
(Using Level)
Bench Mark #1= 100 ft.
BS = 4.79 Hl= 104.79 BM 1 is nail at base of hemlock
TPl BS= 4.68 TPl HI= 104.30 TPl FS= 5.17 TPI El: 99.62
TP2 BS= 3.97 TP2 HI= 102.81 TP2 FS= 5.46 TP2 E1= 98.84
TP3 BS= 5.39 TP3 HI= 104.23 TP3 FS= 3.97 TP3 E1= 98.84
TP4 BS= 4.8 TP4 HI= 104.41 TP4 FS= 4.62 TP4 El. 99.61
FS to BM= 4.41 BM El: 100.00
ERROR= 0.00
Water
Thawl Waa Thawl Wae Water Surface LBKF BKF III (FS) III Elev. Notes
TR= Top of riffle
T?=Top of Pool
TG-- Top of glide
Trun= Top of Run
MP= Max Pool
LBKF= Left Bankfull
RBKF= Right Bankfull
TW= Thal Wag
LEW= Left Edge of Water
REW= Right Edge of Water
Mid
Feature
0.0 7.6 97.2 7.25 97.5 5.2 99.6 TR 11.7 R
3.0 7.5 97.3 7.27 97.5 5.0 99.8 x-sect#1
11.0 7.7 97.1 7.50 97.3 5.4 99.4
23.4 7.9 96.9 7.70 97.1 5.5 99.3 6.54 98.3 TP 35.2 P
35.0 9.2 95.6 7.62 97.2 X-Sect #2
41.0 9.5 95.3 7.67 97.1 5.6 99.2 Pmax
47.0 8.9 95.9 7.66 97.1 5.2 99.6 TG 51.0 G
55.0 8.0 96.8 7.64 97.2 5.3 99.5 TR 94.0 R
84.0 8.5 96.3 8.09 96.7 5.7 99.1
92.0 8.4 96.4 8.11 96.7 5.7 99.1 7.17 97.6 X-Sect#3
133.0 9.2 95.6 8.91 95.9 6.5 98.3 8.1 96.7 Trun 166.0 Run
166.0 9.4 94.9 8.45 95.9 6.1 98.2 7.4 96.9
199.0 8.8 95.5 8.49 95.8 6.1 98.2 TP 215.0 P
216.0 9.3 95.0 8.47 95.8 6.0 98.3 7.75 96.6 Pmax
231.0 8.8 95.5 8.49 95.8 TR 268.0 R
259.0 7.7 95.1 7.33 95.5 5.2 97.7
305.0 8.4 94.5 8.13 94.7 5.7 97.1 TP 312.5 P
313.0 9.2 93.6 8.17 94.6 5.7 97.1 7.1 95.7 X-sect #4
315.0 9.4 93.4 8.14 94.7 Pmax
320.0 9.0 93.8 8.11 94.7 TG 325.0 G
330.0 8.5 94.3 8.14 94.7 5.7 97.1 7.35 95.5 TR R

Big Branch - Reference Reach E • A T x 0 ' ` "
SLOPE & LENGTH OF FEATURES CALCULATIONS
Elevation Soacine (mid to
Number Leneth Chanee Slone Number mid
Riffles Riffles to Riffle
1 23.4 0.5 0.0192 1 82.3
2 78.0 1.3 0.0163 2 174.0
' 3 74.0 1.1 0.0153 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
' 8 8
9 9
10 10
58.5 Mean 0.0169 Mean 128.2
74.0 Median 0.0163 Median 128.2
' 23.4 Min 0.0153 Min 823
78.0 Max 0.0192 Max 174.0
Pools Pool to Pool (mid to mid)
1 23.6 0.0 0.0000 1 179.8
2 32.0 0.0 0.0000 2 97.5
' 3 25.0 0.0 0.0004 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
' 8 8
9 9
10 10
26.9 Mean 0.0001 Mean 138.7
25.0 Median 0.0000 Median 138.7
' 23.6 Min 0.0000 Min 97.5
32.0 Max 0.0004 Max 179.8
Glides Riffle to Pool (mid to mid)
1 8.0 0.0 0.0000 1 23.5
' 2 10.0 0.0 0.0030 2 121.0
3 3 44.5
4 4
5 5
6 6
8 8
9 9
i 7 7
10 10
9.0 Mean 0.0015 Mean 63.0
t 9.0 Median 0.0015 Median 44.5
8.0 Min 0.0000 Min 23.5
10.0 Max 0.0030 Max 121.0
Runs
' 1 66.0 0.1 0.0011
2
3
4
5
' 6
71 1
8
9
10
A66 t Mean 0.0011
Median 0.0011
Min 0.0011
Max 0.0011

? T• O M
f R R T R ???.???..
I Big Branch -Reference Reach //////
i
i
X_SECTION MEASUREMENTS
Riffle X-Section #1
Location: 0+03
HI= 104.79 (arbitrary... used depth off rod)
Depth
Distance FS Elev Notes from BKF Width Area
0 0.6 104.2
7 3.8 101.0
12 4 100.8
15 4.2 100.6
17 4.4 100.4
19.5 5 99.8
21 5.8 99.0
21.2 7.5 97.3
23 7.5 97.3
26 7.4 97.4
29 7.4 97.4
30.5 7.27 97.5
34 7.1 97.7
36 6.9 97.9
38.5 7.1 97.7
41 5 99.8
43 4.4 100.4
46 3.6 101.2
50 3.8 101.0
56 4.2 100.6
64.5 3.8 101.0
B1 d4 th - 21.5
, AreR a 42.6
+ MfxCdepth - 25
FPW, 130

i Nf4L11Z)epthw 2.0
tiVldihiDepth Ratio= 1f1.8
? ?5Ca?c?sitvm l.1
wQ;tfr Svrfy4e Slope, 0.0087.

Str=Tt a 1;4
Riffle X-Section #2
Location: 0+92
H1= 100.02
T:els..no roc
0.0 0.0 100.0
5.0 1.1 98.9
9.0 0.6 99.4
11.0 0.4 99.6
13.0 0.7 99.3
14.0 0.9 99.1
16.0 2.1 97.9
16.7 2.7 97.3
16.8 3.6 96.4
18.8 3.5 96.5
21.0 3.3 96.7
23.3 3.4 96.6
28.2 3.6 96.4
30.7 3.34 96.68
31.1 2.4 97.6
32.3 2.2 97.8
34 0.94 99.1
37 0.1 99.9
K?;VI i ? 211,
' Area m 40.9
ItW? #" r ?.7
Fr
'IkYF?:+x
r• ?
130.0
. 65
RNdt R06). 9.8
EA
LTOB
LBKF
LEW
TW
IEW/WS
uB
2BKF
2TOB
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.2 2.0 1.2
1.8 0.7 1.0
2.7 0.1 0.2
2.6 2.0 5.2
2.4 2.2 5.4
2.5 2.3 5.5
2.7 4.9 12.5
2.4 2.5 6.3
1.5 0.4 0.8
1.3 1.2 1.6
0.0 1.7 1.1
...... 4IJ9 4. t1-
Big Branch - Reference Reach
LTOB
LBKF
LEW
IV
f2EW/WS
[2BKF
?TOB
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 1.5 0.6
2.5 0.2 0.3
2.5 1.8 4.5
2.4 3.0 7.4
2.4 3.0 7.2
2.3 1.5 3.5
2.1 3.5 7.6
1.9 2.0 2
2.1 2.5 J0
0.0 2.5 6
IUTAL i 42X
(arb.)
Depth
Elevation Notes from BKF Width Area
E A A T N@ r- C M
Pool X-Section #1
Location: 0+35
HI= 100 (arb.)
nisfanrn FC Flnv
0.0 1.8 98.2
3.0 3.6 96.4
6.4 4.5 95.5
10 4.9 95.1
23 4.9 95.1
24.5 4.8 95.2
26 5.1 94.9
26.5 5.24 94.76
27 5.59 94.41
29 6.8 93.2
29.2 7.9 92.1
32 8.2 91.8
35 9.1 90.9
37 9.2 90.8
40 9 91
43 7.62 92.38
44.2 7.2 92.8
44.3 5.24 94.76
44.4 5 95
46 3.9 96.1
Depth
Notes from BKF Width Area
LTOB
LBKF
LEW
TW
REW/WS
RBKF
RTOB
0 0 0
0.4 0.5 0.1
1.6 2 1.9
2.7 0.2 0.4
3.0 2.8 7.9
3.9 3 10.2
4.0 2 7.8
3.8 3 11.6
2.4 3 9.2
2.0 1.2 2.6
0.0 0.1 0.1
sum: 51.7 sq. ft. BKF Width = 17.8
Area = 51.7
Max. depth = 4.0
Mean Depth= 2.9
Width/Depth Ratio= 6.1
Pool X-Section #2
Location: 3+13
HI= 104.79 (arbitrary... used depth off rod)
Depth
Distance FS Elev Notes from BKF Width Area
0 5.53 99.3

0.5 5.72 99.1
2 8.17 96.6
4 8.87 95.9
7 9.2 95.6
9 9.15 95.6
10 9.19 95.6
12 9.03 95.8
14 8.81 96.0
17 8.39 96.4
17.1 7.1 97.7
18 6.35 98.4
18.8 5.79 99.0
19.5 5.72 99.1
21 5.21 99.6
LBKF
LEW/WS
TW
2EW
uB
2BKF
2TOB
BKF Widths 19,1
- bInxcdVth- 35
Fvw. 1ao
f"S
M"nDepth-
- 2.7
WSdthfPeY11t1ittpw? : 7.1._...

z:
s -
?.?':'Stt?eaEn 7W =t.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.5 1.5 1.8
3.2 2.0 5.6
3.5 3.0 9.9
3.4 2.0 6.9
3.5 1.0 3.5
3.3 2.0 6.8
3.1 2.0 6.4
2.7 3.0
1.4 0.1
0.6 0.9 M
0.1 0.8
0.0 0.7 IVIAL. 51.U

Big Branch - Reference Reach E A N T x@) r„
X-Section Summary Sheet
Riffle X-Section
Mean Median Maximum Mi nimum
BKF Width =
Area = 41.8 41.8 15.5 15
Max. depth = 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.4
FPW = 130 130.0 53.0 50
ER= 6.3 6.3 3.3 3
Mean Depth= 2.0 2.0 0.9 0.9
Width/Depth Ratio= 10.3 10.3 18.0 17.5
Sinuosity= 1.1
Water Surface Slope= 0.0087
Stream Type =®
Pool X-Section
#1 #2
BKF Width = 17.8 19.0
Area = 51.7 51.0
Max. depth = 4.0 3.5
Mean Depth= 2.9 2.7
Width/Depth Ratio=
20.8 20.8

6.1 7.1
Big Branch -Reference Reach E A ... @) , . o .

Pebble Count
Site. Big Branch
Date: 8/12/1999
Party: Jim Buck, Jan Patterson, Dan Clinton
Particle Size(mm) Total # % Cum.
Silt/Clav c0.062 8 8
S Very Fine 0.0624125 9 17
A `< Fine 0.125-0.25 15 32
N Medium 0.25-0.50 12 44
D Course 0.50-1.0 3 47
Very Course 1.0-2.0 2 49
z Very Fine 24 2 51
G Fine 4-5.7 1 52
R Fine 5.7-8 2 54
Medium 8-11.3 10 64
A Medium 11.3-16 3 67
V Course 16-22.6 3 70
E
Course
22.6-32
7
77
L
Very Course
32-45
5
82
Very Course 45-64 5 87
Small 64.90 6 93
a Small 90-128 4 97
P fare 128-180 1 98
Large 180-256 0 98
Small 256.362 2 100
u Small 362-512 0 100
p Medium 512-1024 0 100
Large-Vry Lr 10212048 0 100
Bedrock >2048 0 100
!1111 1W
D16: 0.06 mm
D50: 3 mm
D84: 50 mm
*all numbers extrapolated from data
Meander Geometry Data
Site: Big Branch
Date: 811211999
Party: Jim Buck, Jan Patterson, & Dan Clinton
RADIUS OF CURVATURE
Mid- Cord Rad.Of
Meander Ordinate(M) Length(C) Curvature
1 1.2 20 42.3
2 3.6 42 63.1
3 1.8 28 55.3

Median Max Min Pebble Count @ Big Branch
Mean M42

100
80

r 60
40
b`
20
0

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Particle Size (mm)
Meander Wavelen th
1 185 ft.
1 Belt Width
30.5 ft.
2 260 ft. 2 ft.
3 E:::?J
ft.
Mean 222.5 ft. Mean 37.25 ft.
Median 222.5 ft. Median 37 ft.
Max 260 ft. Max 44 ft.
Min 185 ft. Min 31 ft.
Valley Len th
312 ft.
Big Branch - Reference Reach
Ii

,. jl - ?
I
I
I ,•40-

E A n r x@r • o x

1

D
10
a
x
v

i
BASIN CREEK REFERENCE REACH - Rosgen Type C4
Location: Wilkes County, NC - Take Traphill Road to Long Bottom Road (SR 1737)
Reach: Station 0+00 at confluence of Basin and Cove Creeks
Quad Sheet: Whitehead, NC Drainage Area: 7.2 sq. mi.
Length Riffles Runs Glides
42 10 13
43 18 15
30 32 16
32 45 23
175 64
245
Total 567 169 67
Avg 94.5 33.8 16.8
% 59% 18% 7%
%Riffles & Glides = 84%
Channel Dimensions:
Riffle Depth (ft)
Run Depth (ft) 2.2 Run Width (ft)
Glide Depth (ft) 2.7 Glide Width (ft)
Pool Depth (ft) 2.7 Pool Width (ft)
Ratios:
Pool Depth/Riffle Depth = 1.3
Pool Width/Riffle Width = 1.5
Pool Area/Riffle Area = 1.6
Max Pool Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth = 2.3
Lowest Bank Height/Max Bankfull Depth= 1.0 to 1.3 Mean value 1.2
Streamflow:
Est Mean Velocity 0 BKF (ft/sec) = 5.5
Est Discharge 0 BKF (cfs) = 375
Channel Pattern:
Meander Length (ft) 350 Belt Width (ft)
Total 350 Total
Average 350 Average
Ratios:
MWR = belt width/bkf width = 1.9
Rc/bkf width = 1.5
Lm/bkf width = 10.5
Channel Profile:
Valley Slope (ft/ft) = Avg Water Surface Slope (tt/ft) _
Riffle Slope (ft/ft) = 0.02082 Pool Slope (ft/ft) _
Run Slope (ft/ft) = 0.003064 Glide Slope (ft/ft) _
Pool to Pool Spacing (ft) 334 Pool Length (ft) 17
310 38
271 42
53
Sum 915 Sum 150
Average 305.0 Average 37.5
Ratios:
Riffle slope/Avg WS slope = 1.4
Run slope/Avg WS slope = 0.2
Pool slope/Avg WS slope= 0.1
Glide slope/Avg WS slope= 0.5
Glide depth/mean bkf depth = 1.3
Pool length/bkf width = 1.1
Pool to Pool spacing/bkf width = 9.2
Pebble Count
2.1 Riffle Width (ft)
Pools
17
38
42
53
150 953
37.5
16%
33.2 Riffle Area (sq ft) 68.4
44.8 Run Area (sq ft) 97.7
38.3 Glide Area (sq ft) 98.7
50.3 Pool Area (sq ft) 109.6
60
59
75
194
64.7
0.01437
0.001942
0.006473
Basin Creek -Reference Reach
Radius of Curvature (ft) 44.3
69.3
40.1
Total 153.7
Average 51.2
Supplied to ` ' ' ' " ®' " by NRCS

Date: 10!28/1998
Party: Dick Everhart, Jerry Pate, Greg Goings and Joe Mickey
Particle Size(mm) Total # % Cum.
Silt/Clay . n69 9 0
g Very Fine 0.062-0.125 8 10
A
Fine
0.125-0.25
12
22
N ` Medium 0.25-0.50 4 26
D - ?' Course 0.50-1.0 0 26
Very Course 1.0-2.0 0 26
Very Fine 2-4 1 27
G Fine 4-5.7 0 27
R Fine 5.7-8 1 28
A J Medium 8-11.3 1 29

V .

»
Medium
11.3-16
2
31

E
1 ' Course 16-22.6 1 32
Course 22.6-32 4 36
L s " 4 3 Very Course 32-45 11 47
Very Course 45-64 6 53
.r t 4 -, Small 64-90 12 65
0 1{ , j? Small 90.128 9 74
a c
w Large 128-180 10 84
Laze 180-256 8 92
6 Small 256-362 4 96
Small 362-512 2 98
Medium 512-1024 0 98
Lar a-V Lr 1024.2048 0 98
t' Bedrock >2048 2 100
100
Cumulative (finer than)
0.062
0.125
0.25
0.5
1
2
4
5.7
8
11.3
16
22.6
32
45
64
90
128
180
256
362
512
1024
2048
3000
channel Materials:
%Sand =26 D16=0.17 mm
% Gravel = 27 D35 = 29 mm
% Cobble = 39 D50 = 58 mm
% Boulder = 6 D84 =180 mm
% Bedrock = 2 D95 = 300 mm
Basin Creek - Reference Reach
Supplied to " . " ` " ® ' " " " by NRCS