19960235 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19960308

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NC, Dept of ErlVlrolllTwnt Healttl, and Natural Resources

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management

James 8, Hunt, Jr" Governor
Jonathan 8, Howes, Secretary
A, Preston Howard, Jr., P,E., Director

_RA

DEHNR

May 16, 1996
Mecklenburg County
DEM Project # 960235

APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification and ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS

Mr, Dan Spinicci
Central Piedmont Cummunity College
P.O, Box 35009
Charlotte, NC 28235-5009

Dear Mr, Spinicci:

You have our approval to place fill material in 0.60 acres of wetlands or waters for the purpose of
creating a pond at Central Piedmont Community College Campus in Matthews, as you described in your
application dated 7 March 1996, After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is
covered by General Water Quality Certification Number 2671. This certification allows you to use
Nationwide Permit Number 26 when it is issued by the Corps of Engineers.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application. If you
change your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application. For this
approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached certification. A velocity
reduction device shall be installed at the pond outlet to prevent scouring and erosion in the downslope
wetlands. In addition, you should get any other federal, state or local pennits before you go ahead with
your project
. If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory
hearing, You must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter, To ask for a hearing, send
a written petition which confonns to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office
of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C, 27611-7447, This certification and its
conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing,
This letter completes the review of the Division of Environmental Management under Section 401
of the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786.

Sincerely,

Attachment

d.1f

cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
Mooresville DEM Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Central Files
Steve Hirsch; Derek Church & Williams
Owen Anderson; WRC

960235.ltr

Environmental Sciences Branch, 4401 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer . 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper

t~EMORANDUM

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.
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SUBJECT:

PRINT NAMES: .~ ~ //
JOHN DORNEY ~QV~~~~~:4-("~~
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES BRANCH DATE:~

WETLAND STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

TO:

1'dC*EACH ITEM MUST BE ANSWERED (USE N/A FOR NOT APPLICABLE) 1'dd,

PERMIT YR:
APPLICANT NAME:
PROJECT TYPE:
COE_II :
RCD FROM CDA:
- -
REG OFFICE:

96 PERMIT NO: 0000235
CENTRAL PIEDMONT COM. COLLEGE
COMMERCIAL FILL

COUNTY: MECKLENBURG

APP
MRO

PERMIT TYPE: NW26
DOT _If :
DATE_FRM_CDA: 03/07/96

RIVER_AND_SUB_BASIN_lf: ('II:; () 30tJ::JL( STR_INDEX_NO:
STREAM_CLASS: ~
WL_IMPACT? : fj)N WL_TYPE :~AL>;W""/~/? /OI?~/-
WL_REQUESTED: 1,18 WL_ACR_EST? :c5IN
WL_SCORE(ln: :52. WATER IMPACTED BY FILL?: f!)N
MITIGATION?: Y f) MITIGATION_TYPE: jJ //1
MITIGATION_SIZE:)J/~ DID YOU REQUEST MORE INFO?~N
IS WETLAND RATING SHEET ATTACHED?:lJ)N
HAVE PROJECT CHANGES/CONDITIONS BEEN DISCUSSED WITH APPLICANT?:~N
RECOMMENDATION (Circle One): ISSUE ~~CO~ DENY
/h1'9-0"~ )It) 1#//~ca,MY d~~-?/:'

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COMMENTS:

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cc: Regional Office
Central Files

Project name C f/(1C!
County. Mt'C'R:,
Name of evaluator

~//,///////j;;//;/////////,/// /////////,////;///////////////////////////,"

WetlcLnd one)*

ttomland hardwood forest 0 Pine savanna
Headwater forest 0 Freshwater marsh
o Swamp forest 0 Bog/fen
o Wet flat 0 Ephemeral wetland
o Pocosin 0 Carolina Bay
o Bog forest 0 Other
*The rating system cannot be applied to salt or brackish marshes or stream channels
7////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////'i
~ IR -1 weight ~
~ Water storage k. x 4.00 = ~
~ ~ -1 Wetland Score ~
~ M Bank/Shoreline stabilization ~ x 4.00 '
~ L/ ~
, . .-
, '1i" Pollutant removal * x 5.00 = ~
~ U 0 ~
~ 0 ~
, Wildlife habitat _ x 2. 0 = ~
, n .-
~ u J ~
, Aquatic life value _ x 4.00 ,-
, f) ~
~ lNl Recreation/Education l x , .00 = ~
, ~
~ G * Add 1 point if in sensitive watershed and> 10% non point . disturbance within 1/2 mile upstream, upslope, or radius ~
:,,,,,,,.-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, """""""" h'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' /-

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~'~.~-~\--0 I -< '1000 --< -"0 -< 1'~ 2~ 3doo 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET ' , (;~ .:.'. ....
/ ~~ l""-) t=:LJ::::::1. .t--i ] -L _-l::==~ ~~---:--i I . '.7 ""~
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AS SHOWN . USGS TOPOGRAPHIC FIGURE NO.

CHECKED BY: MAP
PHASE I ESA - PROPOc::m CPCC FACILITY 2
DRAWN BY: JS.- MA TTHEWS. NOR ~AROLlNA

9-25-95 -.:~. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES JOB NO: 1354-95- /48A
ENGINEERING . TESTING

DATE:

OEM ID:

ACI'lON In:
rJ-b
JOINT FORM FOR
Nationwide permits that require notification to the Corps of Engineers
Nationwide permits that require application for Section 401 certification

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Nationwide Permit Requested (provide Nationwide Permit I):

WATER QUAUTY PLANNING
DMSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
NC DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT. HEALTH.
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh. NC 27626-Q535
ATI'N: MR. JOHN DORNEY
Telephone [phone]

ONE (1) COPY OF TIIIS COMPLETED APPUCATION SHOULD BE SENT TO TIlE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DMSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.
PLEASE PRINT.

1. Owners Name: C'ENT,f'AL- 11~lI?oA1r C'oIVlMUNITf/ ~l-LEG~ r;.1~N7JC)cr ~ DI}N SPINiu:)

2. Owners Address: '?t>ST OFFICE 8o,X :5$009. CIl4/?Lorrt::: NC 28:2...35*-5009

3. Owners Phone Number (Home): (Work): (704) '3<1-;;1.. - ro 5"-<.4

4. If Applicable: Agent's name or responsible corporate official, address, phone number:

S$N1E..., }:/Jc, (coNTI}c...r: JAIYlE..S" ). STowERS')

'fbSr OFF/Cf "Box 7,,-ra 8

'€.HAl~.(..()rTE. N L ~8 ;)..4/ - 7ft; ~ 8

5. Localion of work (MUST ATI'ACH MAP). County:

Nearest Town or City: fY7 ~TT H€JV 5

Specific Location (Include road numbers. landmarks, ere.): SITE.. 15 LoC4T'Ej)

Col<.Ntt? of ~ II) 6-?- Roft-J) II-T I r5 INrER 5'cC7/0N ANTI!

IN JnArrH'EW.s.

WILMINGTON DISTRICT ENGINEER
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington. NC 28402-1890
ATrN: CESAW-CO-E
Tdephone(919) 251-4511

7HoNt: (704-) 5.;2..3 - 4 7 ~ (p
MfckLE.NBlJRG-

ON tHE. NORTH
77J N I: To IV tJ tfOl1-b

6. Name of Closest StrcamlRiver: tJo~TI{. A:J~K C/(€.~k' (J;{)t:;It>f 0#[.. -1111{"t RIJ/)(vs")
7. River Basin: 7?oe/(~ RII/~
8. Is this project located in a watershed classified as Trout, SA, HQW, ORW, WS I, or WS n? YES [] NO [v('"
9. Have any Section 404 permits been previously .requested for'use on this property? YES [] NO [~
If yes. explain.
10. Estimated total number of acres of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, located on project site: /. I 8 ttc I? ~s

.

11. Number of acres of waters of the U.S., including wetlands. impacted by the proposed project:

Filled: {. I 8 ac~ f5:
Drained: No N [.
Aooded: tv ON E-
Excavated: NoNe
Total Impacted: /. 18 QC/CcS

tvNt> O!V-SI1"E -ro $c 1l?7E!?t:-O

RECEIVED
MAR 0 7 \996
!;:NVIRONMENT AL SCIENCES
6RJ'NCH

12. Description of proposed work (Attach PLANS-8 112" X 11" drawings only): rilE. ON-SIrE 'PdAlZ>
(/J-,op;e())'llhfJrr:.L7 0.93 t/ c,e~s ) is ro B€- ~U//(G-€b.To /.~:2.. a..CI?E.S. 'Tile A?EII1I1/N/J./~

JVt.rl.A-ND AR€.A5 (4~~~(),f/I11/}~t..,'f o.tl5acteE:5) iliff- 7"0 BE Hl.t-'C.t>.

13. Purpose of proposed work: To C'r:JNSr,f!vCT IJ #6W C,ttC S()()rllfIiSr CI'IMPrJS CONS/5TIN6' tJF
()) /j(.P/ 000 S~{JIJ/2E FOOT Blc/~bIN(;. I IJAll> Ii () 0 ?/iRK/A/G- S-P/JCfES

.14. State reasons why the applicant believes that this activity must be carried out in wedands. Also. note measures
taken to rninimi7.e wetland impacts. TilE SITF IS rilE OPrM11lL S/~E I1NJ> '-oCA-rID N FtJ/f

71fIS i=JtClt../77f' Wlrl/ ~ND &PAMSJON, nle. IlJeTU1Nl> I+REA IAlIU... I NCR.F.I}S E. .
- IS. You are ~uired to contact the U.S. FISh and W'lldlife Service (USFWS) and/or National Marine.FlSberles Service
(NMFS) regarding the presence or any Federally listed or proposed for listing endangered ortbreatened species or critical
habitat in the permit area that may be affected by the proposed project. Have you do~ so? YES [0 NO [ ]
RESPONSES FROM THE USFWS AND/OR NMFS SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS.
16. You are required to contact the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) regarding the presence of historic
pro,pemes in the pennit area which may be affected by the proposed project? Have you done so? YES [v]" NO [ ]
RESPONSE FROM THE SHPO SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS.
17. Additional information required by OEM:
A. Wetland delineation map showing all wetlands. streams, and lakes on the property.
B. If available, representative photograph of wetlands. to be impacted by project.
C. If delineation was perfonned by a consultant, fnclude 'all data sheetS relevant to the placement of the
delineation line.
D. If a stonnwatcr management plan is required for this project. attach copy.
a What is land use of surrounding property? ---1JGI? I ell L Tf-lRS
~. If ~pplicable. what is proposed method of sewage disposal? SANlrAI? y ~ e ~

--.~_.,

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FUTURE
g00 p~ PI('~'G
SPACeS

KU, ~ ut.~ 1.~ l~~~_

James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes. Secretary
Dr. Philip K. McKnelly, Director

M'A

DEHNA

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment I
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Parks & Recreation

December 14, 1995

Mr. James Stowers
S&ME, Inc.
9751 Southern Pines Boulevard
Charlotte, NC 28273

SUBJECT: Rare Species, High Quality Natural Communities, and
Significant Natural Areas in the Proposed 48-acre Parcel Near
Matthews, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina

Dear Mr. Stowers:

The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program does not have records
of known rare species, high quality natural communities, or
significant natural areas occurring at the 48-acre project area
near Matthews. To our knowledge, this project area has not been
systematically inventoried and we cannot definitively state that
rare species or significant natural areas do not occur there.

We do, however, have record of
mile east of the project site.
Crooked Creek near the county
(Etheostoma collis), a species

a rare species occurring about 1-
This species found in North Fork
line and is the Carolina mad tom
of Special Concern in the state.

Enclosed is a list of rare species that are known to occur in
Mecklenburg County. If suitable habitat for any of these species
occurs in the project area, then those species may be present at
the project site. If it is necessary to be certain that this
site does not contain rare species, a field survey would need to
be conducted.

Please contact me at the address below or call me at (919) 733-
7701 if you have any questions or need further information.

Sincerely,

~~

Inge Smith
Information Specialist
Natural Heritage Program

/iks

Enclosures

P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

RECle DEe 1 5 1995

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources

James B. Hunt Jr., Governor
Belly Ray McCain, Secretary

Division of Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director

December 14, 1995

James R. Stowers
Environmental Scientist
S&ME, Inc.
P.O. Box 7668
Charlotte, NC 28273

Re: Request for info on 48-acre parcel, Matthews,
Mecklenburg County, ER 96-7952

Dear Mr. Stowers:

Thank you for your letter of November 30, 1995, concerning the above project.

Six archaeological sites are recorded within a one mile radius of the proposed
project area. These sites are 31MK316-318, 31MK395-397 (see attachment).
There are no known recorded archaeological sites within the project boundaries.
However, the project area has never been systematically surveyed to determine the
location of significance of archaeological resources.

We recommend that a comprehensive survey be conducted by an experienced
archaeologist to identify the presence and significance of archaeological remains
that may be damaged or destroyed by the proposed project. Potential effects on
unknown resources should be assessed prior to the initiation of construction
activities.

Enclosed is a list of archaeological consultants who have conducted or expressed
an interest in conducting contract work in North Carolina. Individual files providing
additionul inform;Jtion on the consult3:1ts may be eX8m:ned at the State Historic
Preservation Office I s Office of State Archaeology, 421 North Blount Street,
Raleigh. If additional names are desired, you may consult the current listing of the
members of the Society of Professional Archaeologists, or contact the society's
current secretary/treasurer, David L. Carlson, Department of Anthropology, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4352, telephone [phone].
Any of the above persons, or any other experienced archaeologist, may be
contacted to conduct the recommended investigation.

We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no structures of
historical or architectural importance located within the planning area.

The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.

109 East Jones Street. Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807

@

Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental
review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.

Sincerely,
I I ') (
i L/ftAfVD
David it;ok
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer

y~

DB:slw

Enclosures

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facllltv. MaUhews Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Plemont Communltv Colleqe - S&ME County: Mecklenburq
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? YesL No - Community 10: Wetland 1
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - NoL Transect 10:
18 the area a potential problem area? Yes - NoL Plot 10: AD
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATIONS

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Acer rubrum --I- FAC 9. - -
2. LiQuidambar sty. --I- FAC+ 10. - -
3. Ulmus alata --I- FACU + 11. - -
4. Acer rubrum --L- FAC 12. - -
5. LiQuidambar sty. --L- FAC+ 13. - -
6. Quercus alba --L- FACU 14. - -
7. Rubus sP. ~ FAG 15. - -
8. Lonlcera iaponica H FAG- 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW or FAG (excluding FAC)- 38
Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAG

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other - Inundated
_ Saturated in Upper 12 inches
...L No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
- Drift Lines
_ Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: -=-- (in.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: >18 (in.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: >18 (in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sampling point taken on upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained AD
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): TypiC Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Vesl No -
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
...Q:.1L ..A- 2.5VR 4/8 None Clayey loam
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Hydric Soli Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Solis List
_ Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sampling point taken on upland boundary.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytlc Vegetation? Vesl No
Wetland Hydrology Present Ves - Nol Is this Sampling
Hydric Solis Present? Ves No X Point within a Wetland? Ves - No X
Remarks: Sampling point taken on the upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facility Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Community ColleQe - S&ME County: Mecklenburq
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Vesl No Community 10: Wetland 1
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Ves - NolL Transect 10:
Is the area a potential problem area? Ves - Nol Plot 10: AW
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATION

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata -L- FACU 9. - -
2. LiQuidambar stv. -L- FAC+ 10. - -
3. Acer rubrum -L- FAC 11. -
-
4. Acer rubrum 2- FAC 12. - -
5. LiQuidambar slY. 2- FAC+ 13. - -
6. Quercus alba 2- FACU 14. - -
7. Rubus sP. ~ FAC 15. - -
8. Lonicera iaponica H FAC. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAC)- 38
Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other l Inundated
l Saturated in Upper 12 inches
lL No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
l Drift Lines
_ Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
>36 (in.) l Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: -L(In.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: -L(in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sampling point taken at edge of pond.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained AW
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yesl No -
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
0-4 A 5YR 4/4 None - sandy clay loam
-
4-18 B 10YR 6/2 None - sandy clay loam
-
-
-
-
-
Hydric Soli Indicators:
- Hlltosol - Concretions
_ Hlltlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Lilted on National Hydric Solis List
X Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Soil sample taken at edge of pond.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Yesl No -
Wetland Hydrology Present YesL No - Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No Point within a Wetland? Yes X No
Remarks: All parameters met. Wetland is a pond and the margins around the pond.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facility Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Community Colleae - S&ME County: Mecklenbura
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Yesl No - Community 10: Wetland 1
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - Nol Transect 10:
18 the area a potential problem area? Yes - Nol Plot 10: BW
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATIONS

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata --I- FACU 9. - -
2. LiQuidambar sty. --I- FAG + 10. - -
3. Acer rubrum --I- FAG 11. - -
4. Acer rubrum --L- FAC 12. - -
5. LiQuidambar sty. --L- FAC+ 13. - -
6. Quercus alba --L- FACU 14. - -
7. Rubus sP. ---1=L- FAC 15. - -
8. Lonicera iaponica H FAC. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACWor FAG (excluding FAG)- 38
Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other 1- Inundated
1- Saturated in Upper 12 inches
L No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
1- Drift Lines
1- Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: ..1....{ln.) 1- Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: Surf (in.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: Surf (in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: This is a well defined bank-to-bank drainage system. It is intermittent in nature and contains several holes of water remaining from
the last rain.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained BW
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
0-3 A 8/5 B 2.5YR 4/6 5% Sandy clay
3-8 B 8/5 B 7.5YR 6/8 5% Clay
Hydric Soli Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Usted on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Usted on National Hydric Solis List
X Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sampling point taken in creek.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Yes-L No -
Wetland Hydrology Present Yes-X.. No - Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Yes-X.. No - Point within a Wetland? Yes-X.. No -
Remarks: All parameters met.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facllltv Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Communltv ColleQe - S&ME County: MecklenburQ
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Yesl No - Community ID: Wetland 1
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - NoL Transect ID:
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes - Nol Plot 10: BD
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATIONS
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata ---L- FACU 9.
2. Liquidambar sty. ---L- FAC+ 10.
3. Acer rubrum ---L- FAC 11.
4. Acer rubrum ~ FAC 12.
5. Liquidambar stv. ~ FAC+ 13.
6. Quercus alba ~ FACU 14.
7. Rubus sp. ~ FAC 15.
H FAC- 16.

Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAC)- 38

Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other - Inundated
_ Saturated in Upper 12 inches
L No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
- Drift Lines
_ Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: ...:.-(in.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: ..2.-(ln.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: ..2.-(in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sampling point taken on upland boundary. the last rain.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained BD
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Tvplc Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
0-5 --A..- 10VR 5/2 None - Sandy clay
5-16 --1L- 10VR 7/6 7.5VR 5/6 5% Sandy clav
-
-
-
-
Hydric Soli Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Usted on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Solis List
_ Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sampling point taken on the upland boundary.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Yes ...2S.- No -
Wetland Hydrology Present YesL No - Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Yes NoL Point within a Wetland? Yes No X
Remarks: Sampling point taken on the upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facility Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Communltv ColleQe - S&ME County: MecklenburQ
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Yes.l No - Community ID: Wetland 2
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - NolL Transect ID:
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes - No.l Plot ID: CW
(I' needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATION

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata ~ FACU + 9. - -
2. Liquidambar sty. ~ FAC+ 10. - -
3. Acer rubrum ~ FAC 11. - -
4. Acer rubrum ---L- FAC 12. - -
5. Liquidambar sty. ---L- FAC+ 13. - -
6. Quercus alba ---L- FACU 14. - -
7. Rubus sP. ---1=L- FAC 15. - -
8. Lonlcera iaponica H FAC. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAG). 38
Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other .llnundated
.l Saturated In Upper 12 inches
1L No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
.l Drift Lines
.l Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: ..i... (i n.) .l Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: Surf (in.) - Water.stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: Surf (in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sample point taken in standing water.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained CW
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Tvplc Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
-
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
0-2 A 2.5YR 4/2 None - Sandy clav
2-12 B 2.5YR 7/2 2.5YR 5/4 5% Clav
-
-
-
-
Hydric Soli Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Solis List
l Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sample point taken in standing water.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Ves---X- No -
Wetland Hydrology Present Vesl No - Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Vesl No - Point within a Wetland? Vesl No -
Remarks: All parameters met.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facility Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Community Colleqe - S&ME County: Mecklenburq
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Yesl No_ Community ID: Wetland 2
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - NolL Transect 10:
Ie the area a potential problem area? Yes - Nol Plot 10: CD
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATION

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata ----I- FACU+ 9. - -
2. Liauidambar sty. ----I- FAC+ 10. - -
3. Acer rubrum ----I- FAC 11. - -
4. Acer rubrum --L- FAC 12. - -
5. Liauidambar sty. --L- FAC+ 13. - -
6. Quercus alba --L- FACU 14. - -
7. Rubus sP. ~ FAC 15. - -
8. Lonlcera laponlca H FAC- 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAG)- 38
Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other - Inundated
_ Saturated in Upper 12 inches
lL No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
- Drift Lines
_ Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: ....:....(in.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: .....2.-(in.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: .....2.-(ln.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sampling point taken on upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained CD
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon /Munsell Moist) /Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
~ ----A- 10YR 5/2 None - Sandy clay
.3.:!L ----'L- 10YR 7/6 7.5YR 5/6 5% Sandy clay
- -
-
-
-
Hydric 5011 Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Solis List
Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sampling point taken on upland boundary.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Yes~ No -
Wetland Hydrology Present Yes - Nol Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Yes - Nol Point within a Wetland? Yes - Nol
Remarks: Sampling point taken on upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facility Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Community Colleqe - S&ME County: Mecklenburq
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Yesl No Community 10: Wetland 3
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - NolL Transect 10:
Ia the area a potential problem area? Yes - Nol Plot ID: DO
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATION

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata -I- FACU + 9. - -
2. LiQuidambar stv. -I- FAC+ 10. - -
3. Acer rubrum -I- FAC 11. - -
4. Acer rubrum -L- FAC 12. - -
5. LiQuidambar sty. ~ FAC+ 13. - -
6. Quercus alba -L- FACU 14. - -
7. Rubus sP. -1:!..- FAC 15. - -
8. Lonicera iaponica H FAC- 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAG)- 38
Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other - Inundated
_ Saturated in Upper 12 inches
lL No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
- Drift Lines
_ Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: ....:_...lin.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: ...L(in.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: ...L(in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sampling point taken on the upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained DD
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
0-5 A 10YR 5/2 Sandy clay
5-16 B 10YR 7/6 7.5YR 5/6 5% Sandy clay
Hydric Soli Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Solis List
_ Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sampling point taken on the upland boundary.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Yes ---2L- No -
Wetland Hydrology Present Yes - Nol Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Yes - Nol Point within a Wetland? Yes - Nol
Remarks: Sampling point taken on the upland boundary.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

ProJect/Site: Proposed CPCC Facility Date: 11/13/95
Applicant/Owner: Central Piedmont Community Colleae - S&ME County: Mecklenbura
Investigator: S&ME - James R. Stowers/Ruth Mannebach State: NC
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the Site? Yes...lL No Community 10: Wetland 3
Is the site significantly disturbed (A typical Situation) Yes - NolL Transect 10:
.. the area a potential problem area? Yes - No...lL Plot 10: OW
(If needed, explain on reverse)

VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Ulmus alata ~ FACU + 9.
2. LiQuldambar sty. ~ FAC+ 10.
3. Acer rubrum ~ FAC 11.
4. Acer rubrum ~ FAC 12.
5. LiQuidambar sty. ~ FAC+ 13.
6. Quercus alba ~ FACU 14.
7. Rubus sP. ---1:L- FAC 15.
H FAC- 16.

Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACWor FAC (excluding FAC)- 38

Remarks: > 38% of dominant vegetation FAC

HYDROLOGY

_ Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_Stream, Lake, Or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_Aerial Photographs
- Other ..lL Inundated
..lL Saturated In Upper 12 inches
lL No Recorded Data Available - Water Marks
..lL Drift Lines
..lL Sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: ...L(ln.) ..lL Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Depth to Free Water in Pit: Surf.(ln.) - Water-stained Leaves
Depth to Saturated Soil: Surf.(in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC Neutral Test
Remarks: Sampling point taken in creek bed. Standing water present.

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)

(Continued)

SOILS

Map Unit Name Drainage Class: Well drained DW
(Series and Phase): Cecil
Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Hapludults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(Inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structures. etc.
0-2 A 2.5VR 4/2 None - Sandy clay
2-12 B 2.5VR 7/2 2.5VR 5/4 5% Clay
Hydric 5011 Indicators:
- Hlstosol - Concretions
_ Hlstlc Eplpedon _ High Organic Content
- Sulfldlo Odor _ Organic Streaking In Sandy Solis
_ Aqulo Moisture Regime _ Usted on Local Hydric Solis List
_ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Solis List
X Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _Other (Explain In Remarks
Remarks: Sampling point taken in creek bed. Standing water present.

WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation? Ves-1L- No -
Wetland Hydrology Present Yesl No - Is this Sampling
Hydric Soils Present? Vesl No - Point within a Wetland? Yes X No
Remarks: All parameters met.

~y

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
r

March 11, 1996

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MEMORANDUM

~",:,'., ,~I c." ;.~) 1 t
Ii " I, ~ ~_ " ::.,;\, (,

FROM:

Rex Gleason
Mooresville Regional Office

John Dorney p{,~ r)

401 Certification Review

[::Vi '-' - :.-,~

TO:

<,-.),
I '~ ; '.' 'l I

RE:

Please review the enclosed 401 Certification applications by March 27, 1996. Please call me if you or
your staff have any questions, or need assistance in these reviews.

PLEASE COMPLETE THE NEW STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION FORM

1. Central Piedmont Community College
# 960235
Mecklenburg County

The other cnclosed material (if any) is for your general infonnation and use as appropriate.

Enclosurc

~orth Carolina

Al"l 09'9(,

10 .04 I~u .001 r .02

I~CWRC .llcr . rALL3 LAJ{[

.. r ....,~

l'
\....

e Resources Commission ~
Ith. NortIlcaroUna 27604.1188,010.733 33pl
I.. Pullwood. F.xecutlve Director

MEMORANDUM

TO:

John Dorney
Water Quality P

R

FROM:

DA IE: April 9, 1996

SUBffiCT: Nationwide Pennit 26 and ScctloD 401 Certification Request to alter and
fill wetlands for Central Piedmont Community Colloge, Mecklenburg
County. North Carolina. DEM ID #96023S

Biologists on the Wildlife Resources Commission staff have reviewed the subject
document and lire familiar with habitat wlues of the project area. An on-site
investiKation was conducted with James R. Stowers, Bnvironmental Scientist with S&ME
Environmental Services, on March 27, 1996 for the purpose of further aslSlegs:ing project
impacts on aquatic habitats. Our comments are provided in accordance with certain
provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 eISleq.) and the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 5tat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 66]~661d) and North
Can)linn General Statutes (O.S. 113-131 et seq.).

Applicant proposes to enlarge aDd reshape an existing 0.93 acre pond to a circular
1.62 acre pond for aesthetic purposes in association with the construction of a new
campus. Tho pond will encompass some of the adjacent hardwood wcUands and the
",mainin~ will be filled. An additional wetland, which is not to be disturbed under this
contract, 18 located at the edge of an ..... planned for 800 future parking spaces.

The Natural Heritage Proaram has m:ord of a protected 8~ies. the Carolina
darter (Ethem:toma colli a), in North Fork Crooked. Creek. about 1 mile east of the site.
The wooded area S\DTOunding the pond and to Ole southwest, dominated by hardwoods,
providltfl"Sood wildlife habitat for numOlOUQ-Opooice Wid tho-otanding ..vuter in the
wetlanda provide breeding groWlds for amphibians.

MCW~Coucpo~nLL~ Ln~~

T~L.Ol0-S~9-0930

nrr oo'oe

10.0n No.OOi P.01

...
~

Ctiutm1 rh:dmunl CummWllty Cullege

2

Apl1) 9, 1996

Most of the site drains to the pond end throulh these wetlands to the 1-485
. highway currently under constnlction. The wetlands currently provide filtration und
, asslmlladon of sediments and other poIlUt8n18 and will help proteCt downstream hubitats
from stormwBter, fertUlzers and pesticides after construction.

We reqUCAt that thl! fnllnwinp. conditions bel lf1(".Qroomted into the oennit to orolect
t"" ..,...tl".tln ..d d"........._ .....~..,

IlNt~"ijJn ttvl "I.,,,. ..h<ara. or lnt'fatfnn t.\f"th. pond 10 nt.rold ImpclotD 10 ~'oBotatod
wedands.

L.- .

~

2. Implement up-front wetland mitilation ala ratio of2:1 (crcatcd:dest.royed) for V'-<l
W.Y y",,"lIllw w"t.lwnb. ill~J1H"lt:d. Wcthums I'huuJd be Cl'ealed adjacent to existing
wcdands and provide similar functions to those destroyed.

3.

Wetland fill should be minimized. Temporarlly disturbed wetland &reus should be )
seeded with annual, seasonal vegetation (millet in spring and summer, wheat or _
rye in fall) Bnd then be allowed to revert to natural wetland vegetation.

d

nlnAn dnnd ..ntlllntin.n n. t.. ............. ........ a.6I... 1111 .........I.la...
w"lllllnbi. A 'O-I\Iut. lruM".o adJIalClJU w LIKItRI w"l.bwds It1 nMJmmundw,
---

+.
~

'Jbank you for the opportunlty to review and conunent on this application. If
I C&Ul be of furthCt' ASsUato.ftCC, plcuc cone.ct mG at (91'> 528-986G.

NCWRC.HCP.FALLS LAKE

TEL:[phone]

Apr 09'96

10:04 No.OOl P.Ol

.....

Falls Lake Office

NC Wildlif~ Rasourcas Commission
Habitat Cons8IVation Program
P.O. Box 118
Northside, NC 27564

FAX COVER

Date 4,1- 9 . tJ,

Nurnl)er or pages IncludIng c:cver IlhwwL .;'

To:
~PP/ &'.JoAL.rj

From;
~A. ,~ AW-'n~ r,.,J

pt:one
Fax Fhone

Phvne 919.528.9886
Fa:< Fhone 919-528-9839

. cc:

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9' "23r

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