19950767 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19960903

... .' .. State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality

James8. Hunt,Jr., Governor
Jo n a th an 8. I-b we s, Se c re ta ry
A. Presto n I-b ward, Jr., P.E., Direc to r

.AVA

DEHNR

July 22, 1996
Brunswick County
DWQ Project # 95767

APPROV AL of 401 Water Quality' Certification and ADDITIONA'L CONDITIONS

Col. George Hazel
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Charlston District
P.O. Box 919
Charleston, SC 29402-0919

Dear Co!. Hazel:

You have our approval to dredge and operate an uplruld diked disposal basin tor the purpose of dredging
Calabash Creek from Town of Calabash to the contluence of Calabash Creek and Little River, as you
described in your application dated 30 June 1996 and described in the EAlFONSI. After reviewing your
application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General Water Quality Certification Number 2668.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application, If you
change your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application. For this
approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached certification. Dredging should be
restricted to the November through March dredging window. In addition, you should get any other federal,
state or local permits before you go ahead with your project.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certitication, you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing,
You must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter, To ask for a hearing, send a written
petition which conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Oftice of
Administrative Hearings, P,O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N,C, 27611-7447, This certification and its conditions
are fmal and binding unless you ask for a hearing,
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Cleml Water
Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786.

Attachment

cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Wilmington Field Office
Wilmington DWQ Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Central Files
Rita Geddings; SC 401 Water Quality Certitication Progrrun (with attachments)
Richard Jackson; Charleston Corps of Engineers
Steve Benton; DCM

95767.ltr

Division of Water Quality · Environmental Sciences Branch
Environmental Sciences Branch, 4401 Reedy Creek Rd" Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer . 50% recycled!10% post consumer paper

.

James B. Hunt Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director

AVA

DEHNR

State'of North Carolina
..... Department of Environment I
.- Health and Natural Resources

Division of Environmental Management

July 26, 1995

Mr. George Hazel
U. S. Anny Corps of Engineers
Charleston District
Post Office Box 919
Charleston, South Carolina 29402~0919

FilE COP ~

Dear Mr. Hazel:

Subject:

401 Water Quality Certification
Calabash Creek
Brutlswick County
DEM # 95767

On 30 June, 1995 you wrote to the Division of Environmental Management (DEM) requesting
a 401 Water Quality Certification for your project to fill wetlands for maintenance dredging at
Calabash Creek in Brunswick County. We believe that this project is currently under review by the
State Clearinghouse. DEM cannot issue the 401 Certification until the project has received a Finding
of No Significant Impact (FONSI) or Record of Decision (ROD) from the State Clearinghouse in
accordance with NCAC 15A: 01C ,0402. Therefore, I must hereby place this project on indefinite
hold until the State Clearinghouse has issued the FONSI or ROD. However we will continue to
review the project and make you aware of any concerns. We recommend that you notify us that the
NEP A/SEP A process is complete so we can reactivate the project. In addition, by copy of this letter, I
am also notifying the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that this project should be placed on hold.

If you believe that this decision is in error, please call me at919-733-1786 to discuss the

matter.

incerely.! ~ rl O~" r /
"~~~~,

rney
ity Certification Program

95767.nct

cc: Wilmington DEM Regional Office
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wilmington District Office
Central Files

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p,o, Box 29535, Rdeigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

RECEIVED

CHARLESTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P,O, BOX 919
CHARLESTON, S,C, 29402,0919

JUl 2 5 1995

REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF

July 19, 1995

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
r.rJI! ~.ll"\l..i

Planning Division

Mr. John Dorney
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535

Dear Mr. Dorney:

Enclosed are seven (7) copies of an Application for Water Quality Certification for
dredging activity in Calabash Creek, Brunswick County, North Carolina. I have also
included information regarding disposal of the dredged material at an upland dredged
material disposal area in Horry County, South Carolina.

A copy of the DRAFT Environmental Assessment (EA), fmalized 404 (b)(1)
Evaluation and South Carolina Public Notices 95-1R-040 and 95-1R-173 (for information
only) are enclosed. The EA will be finalized following a 30 day public review and comment
period. A final EA will be submitted to your office when completed.

Please foward comments relating to water quality to the Charleston District along with
the coordinated State position on the project. Any conditions relating to water quality will be
addressed and,appropriately incorporated in the project at that time. If all water quality
concerns are adequately addressed, then it is our understanding that your Division will issue
a 401 Water Quality Certificate for the project upon receipt of the signed Finding of No
Significant Impact.

Further, the District Engineer has determined that this project is consistent, to the
maximum extent practicable, with the North Carolina Coastal Zone Management Program.
By this letter, the Charleston District requests concurrence from the North Carolina
Department of Environmental Health and Natural Resources, the Division of Coastal
Management that the proposed activity is consistent with the State's Coastal Zone
Management Program.

-.-

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If additional information or copies of enclosed documents are required or questions
concerning the application arise, please contact Ms. Robin Coller-Socha, Environmental
Resources Section, at [phone].

Enclosures

Copy furnished (with enclosures):

Mr. Jim Gregson
Wilmington Regional Office
Division of Environmental Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, N.C. 28405

Mrs. Chrys Baggett, Director
State Clearinghouse
Administration Building, Room 535
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, N.C. 27603-1335

Mr. Steve Benton
N. C. Division of Coastal Management
Department of Environmental Health
and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687

Respectfully,

ill btI~rr",",

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u. s. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS ; ! p I J
APPLICATION FOR 401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICA~ttON
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

1. DATE: June 30, 1995

2. NAME/ADDRESS: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Charleston District
Post Office Box 919
Charleston, South Carolina 29402-0919

3. RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL:

George H. Hazel
LTC, U.S. Army
District Engineer

4. NAME OF CORPS OF ENGINEERS CONTACT: Robin Coller-Socha

TELEPHONE NUMBER: [phone]

5. TYPE OF APPLICATION: New Application

6. PROJECT NAME: Calabash Creek Section 107 Project.

7. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK: The proposed work involves
dredging of the navigation channel in Calabash Creek from the
confluence of Calabash Creek and Little River in South Carolina
1.4 miles to a point just upstream of the Town of Calabash in
North Carolina approximately 3500 feet from state road 179. The
work will be performed as described in the following documents:

Draft Environmental Assessment on Calabash Creek Section 107
Proiect, Draft 404(b} (1) Evaluation, and South Carolina Public
Notices 95-1R-040 and 95-1R-173.

8. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: See 7 above.

9. PROPOSED ACTIVITY TO BEGIN: Earliest: Fall 1996.

10. DURATION OF ACTIVITY: 1 month.

11. DISCHARGE OF: All dredged material will be placed in an
upland dredged material disposal site located near the confluence
of Little River and Calabash Creek at the beginning of the
project in South Carolina. There will be discharge of return
water into the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway from the 9 acre
disposal area.

12. LOCATION OF DISCHARGE: See 11 above.

Closest Municipality: Town of Calabash, North Carolina
County: Horry County, South Carolina
Drainage Basin: Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, S.C.

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Receiving Waters: Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, S.C.

13. NATURE OF RECEIVING WATERS:

Type: Estaurine.
Nature: Saline.
Direction of Flow: This area is tidally influenced and the
direction of the discharge will be influenced by the tides.

14. TYPE OF DISCHARGE INCLUDING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: Sediment
dredged from the navigation channel will be placed by pipeline
dredge into the 9-acre disposal site. The sediment will be
allowed to settle and the effluent discharged into the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway. South Carolina has required that modified
elutriate tests be conducted with the proposed dredged material.
The sampling and testing will be conducted in July 1995 and the
data will be available in August 1995.

15. PROJECTED FUTURE VARIATION IN THE NATURE OF THE DISCHARGE:
Any future maintenance of the navigation channel should result in
a similar discharge. Variations would be related to the quantity
of material dredged and the length of time that the dredging,
,disposal, and discharge would continue.

16. IS THIS PROJECT LOCATED IN A WATERSHED CLASSIFIED AS SA, HQW
OR ORW?

X YES

NO

17. NUMBER OF ACRES OR VOLUME OF WETLANDS. IMPACTED BY THE
PROPOSED ACTION:

Excavated: None
Filled: None

18. STATE REASON WHY THE APPLICANT BELIEVES THAT THIS ACTIVITY
MUST BE CARRIED OUT AS PLANNED. ALSO NOTE MEASURES TAKEN TO
MINIM!ZE WETLAND IMPACTS:

Reference 7, 8 and 17 above. In addition, note the alternatives
analysis in the DRAFT Environmental Assessment. No measures to
minimize wetland impacts are necessary. None of the dredging or
disposal acitivity will occur in a wetland area.

19. HAVE ANY SECTION 401 CERTIFICATES BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED
FOR USE ON THIS PROPERTY?

X YES

,NO

This disposal area is used for disposal of material dredged
from the Intracoastal Waterway Federal Navigation Project. Water
quality certification was issued in 1974 for the dredging and

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quality certification was issued in 1974 for the dredging and
disposal activity along the AIWW in South Carolina.

20. I certify that all information contained herein or in suport
thereof is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.

gc- {i. ;J 71'
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LAWRENCE E. CASBEER
Acting Chief, Planning Branch

Attachments

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DRAFT

DRAFT

DRAFT

DRAFT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

AND

FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT

FOR

MAINTENANCE DREDGING OF CALABASH CREEK
HORRY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA AND
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

NOTE:

A COPY OF THIS REPORT HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE APPROPRIATE
STATE AND FEDERAL' REViEW AGENCIES. AGENCY COMMENTS WILL BE
, INCORPORATED AS SOON AS APPROPRIATE PRIOR TO FINALIZATION OF THIS
DOCUMENT.

~. . " ......
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D F{AFT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
AND
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
FOR
MAINTENANCE DREDGING OF CALABASH CREEK
HORRY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

JULY 1995

z. PURPOSE AND NEED. The purpose of this project is to provide
safe navigational access to commercial and recreational users of
Calabash Creek. Shoaling throughout the project has caused
inadequate channel depths and widths which severely restricts
navigation. The last maintenance dredging of the channel occurred
in December 1979. Regular schedules in boating operations cannot
be maintained because boat captains must adjust departure and
return times to take advantage of tidal cycle. Boats frequently
suffer hull damage while scraping across shoals at low tide. Boats
are also damaged at the berthing area in the. upper channel where
boats rest on the bottom at low tide.

IX. AUTBORXTY. Section 107 of the River and Harbor Act of 1960,
as amended, provides authority for the u.S. Ar.my Corps of Engineers
to develop and construct navigation projects.

IXI. PROJECT LOCATXON AND DBSCRXPTXON. Calabash Creek is a
shallow draft tributary that originates in the extreme southeastern
part of Brunswick County, North Carolina. Calabash Creek flows
generally southwestward parallel to the ocean coastline, and enters
Little River and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) in Horry
~ounty, South Carolina (see figure 1). The existing channel has a
controlling depth of approximately -5.0 feet mean low water (MLW).
The proposed project depth is -7.0 feet MLW with one (1) foot of
allowable overdepth. The project is approximately 1.4 miles long
and begins at the confluence of Calabash Creek, Little River and
the AIWW and ends at the Town of Calabash approximately 3,500 feet
downstream from the N.C. State Road #179 bridge crossing.
Approximately 3,400 feet of the project is in South Carolina and
the remaining 4,000 feet of the project is in North Carolina. The
upper 1,475 feet of the' channel will be aligned adjoining the
berthing areas of the commercial docks (see figure 2). The
dredging of the berthing areas and the disposal of that material
will be perfor.med in conjunction , with the federal project. In
addition, project beneficiaries located along Calabash Creek are
financially responsible for the dredging of the berthing areas and
disposal of the material. Disposal area 92 L-B is proposed for use
and is an existing nine (9) acre site located near the beginning of
the project adjacent to the mouth of Calabash Creek on the

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southeastern side (see figure 1). This disposal area is currently
under easement to the Corps for disposal of dredged material from
AIWWmaintenance dredging. The local sponsor will be required to
remove Calabash Creek dredged material from the disposal area once
the material is dewatered, dried and stabilized.

l:V. PROPOSED ACTION. The plan of improvement deemed most
appropriate for providing safe navigation access to commercial
fishermen and recreational users of Calabash Creek consists of
hydraulically dredging (pipeline dredge) the existing channel and,
berthing areas to a depth of -7.0 feet MLW plus one (1) foot
allowable overdepth. The channel prism consists of a sixty (60)
foot wide channel bottom at elevation -7.0 MLW with side slopes of
one (1) vertical on four (4) horizontal. 33 CFR 325.2(b) (4) states
that if a proposed activity "would consist of the dredging of an
access channel and/or berthing facility associated with an
authorized federal navigation project, the activity will be
in9luded in the planning and coordination of the construction or
maintenance of the federal project to the maximum extent feasible.
Separate notice, hearing and environmental documentation will not
be required for activities so included and coordinated, and the
public notice issued by the district engineer for these federal and
associated non-federal activities will be the notice of intent to
issue permits for those included non-federal dredging activities.
The decision whether to issue or deny such a permij: will be
consistent with the decision on the federal project unless
considerations applicable to the proposed activity are identified."
~pproximately 22,000 cubic yards of material will be dredged
from the navigation channel. Approximately 5,000 cubic yards will
be dredged from the berthing areas for a total of 27,000 cubic
yards. Approximately 5,000 cubic yards of material will be dredged
from Calabash Creek in South Carolina; and the balance of 22,000
cubic yards f~om Calabash Creek in North Carolina. The total area
of benthic impact for the proposed project is 5.38 acres. One and
eight tenths (1.8) acres of this total are located in South
Carolina. Approximately 700 feet of the channel near the beginning
of the project, will be realigned into the deepest part of the
creek. This will place the channel within a previously dredged
channel and reduce the quantity of material to be dredged.

v. ALTERNATIVES. Several alternatives to the proposed action were
considered. The alternatives considered include:

A. Relocating watercraft to docking facilities on deeper
water. No suitable alternative routes to fishing grounds exist for
Calabash Creek. This alternative was not acceptable to the local
interest.

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B. Replacing existing watercraft with watercraft requiring
shallower draft (depth). This alternative was not acceptable to
the local interest.

C. Varying channel widths were evaluated. A ninety (90) foot
channel width was too costly. A forty (40) foot channel width was
unacceptable, since the larger boats would not be able to pass each
other.

D. Four (4) improvement plans, each sixty (60) feet wide,
were considered in detail. These provided for channel depths of
six (6), seven (7), eight (8) and ten (10) feet. Each one of these
plans, in addition to the basic depth, included an allowable
overdepth of one (1) foot during dredging. The seven (7) foot
depth and the sixty (60) foot width channel design was selected.
Deepening the existing channel to a depth of -7.0 MLW; periodic
maintenance of the channel; and relocating and/or improving the
aids to navigation (channel markers) was the alternative most
acceptable to the local interest.

E. Two disposal sites were evaluated. One was an existing
disposal area (92 L-B) near the beginning of the project. The
other was an upland site near the end of the project where a
disposal area would have to be constructed. During evaluation of
the upland site, some environmental concerns were identified. A
wetland area bisected the upland site which would have to be
avoided. Salt water intrusion into the aquifer below the upland
site was also a concern. Based on this infor.mation, the small
quantity of material proposed for dredging (27,000 cubic yards),
and the added expense of construction of a new site, the existing
disposal area (92 L-B) was selected for this project.

F. Under the no action alternative, the shoaling of Calabash
Creek is expected to continue and further reduce the channel
depths. Without a project, the channel would become more shallow
and hazardous to navigation.

VJ:. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT.

A. Natural Resources. Calabash Creek is a shallow draft
tributary that originates in the extreme southeastern part of
Brunswick County, North Carolina. Calabash Creek flows generally
southwestward parallel to the ocean coastline, and enters Little
River and the AIWW in Horry County, South Carolina. The study area
is located in the lower coastal plain physiographic province.
Ground elevation ranges from about 10 feet to about 40 feet ngvd,
and liJandy soils predominate. Natural vegetation consists of pine,
hardwood, and mixed pine/hardwood forests. The channel would be
located in estuarine subtidal unconsolidated bottom wetlands.
Surrounding the channel area - are estuarine intertidal
unconsolidated shore (intertidal flats) and estuarine intertidal

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emergent wetlands (salt marsh).
Dredged material will be placed in an existing diked disposal
area for the AIWW. This area is about nine (9) acres in size and
consists predominately of open water surrounded by naturally
revegetated dikes.

, B. Flora. Natural vegetation in the surrounding project area
consists of pine, hardwood, and mixed pine/hardwood forests. The
channel would be located in estuarine subtidal unconsolidated
bottom wetlands. Surrounding the channel area are estuarine
intertidal unconsolidated shore (intertidal flats) and estuarine
intertidal emergent wetlands (salt marsh/Spartina alterniflora).
The selected existing disposal area (92 L-Bl has been used for the
disposal material dredged from the AIWW in the past. Maintenance
work was performed on 92 L-B in early 1990, but has not been used
for disposal since then. 92 L-B consists predominately of open
water surrounded by naturally revegetated dikes.

C. Wildlife. Estuarine emergent wetlands provide valuable
habitat for various waterfowl and other wildlife species, including
wading birds, shorebirds, and mammals such as the marsh rabbit,
marsh rice rat, river otter, and mink. Intertidal flats provide
valuable habitat for benthic organisms which are heavily preyed on
by fish, wading birds, and shorebirds.

D. Fisherv. Estuarine wetlands are highly productive natural
systems that provide spawning, nursery, and feeding habitat for
important commercial and sport fishes. An estimated 65 percent of
all commercial finfish and shellfish and most marine sport fishes
inhabit estuarine areas during all or part of their life cycles.
These include such species as the channel bass (red drum), black
drum, bluefish, spot, black sea bass, spotted sea trout, Spanish
mackerel, sheepshead, oyster, clam, and blue crab. Anadromous
fishes including the striped bass, American shad, Atlantic
sturgeon, shortnose sturgeon, blueback herring, and hickory shad,
also utilize these habitats. Over 50 species of fish live and feed
on intertidal mud flats during high tide. As many as 16 species of
fish are, at least, in part, dependent on prey which lives or
forages on the flats.

E. Water Qualitv. Calabash Creek historically has had good
water quality and has been classified as "SA" waters in both North
Carolina and South Carolina. The AIWW at the disposal site is
classified "SA" also. Coliform problems have resulted in a closure
of the creek for the purpose of shellfish harvesting; however, the
"SAn classification has remained as a management goal for the water
body. North' Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources (NCDEHNR) has ,performed several studies of
coliform problems in Calabash Creek, and has determined that
coliform levels are due ~o the transport of coliform-laden waters
from South Carolina via the AIWW and lOcal contributions. NCDEHNR
studies could find no sewage discharges into the creek, but seepage

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zram septic tanks and discharges from boats are suspected. See
attached 404(b) (1) Evaluation for additional information on water
quaJ.ity.

F. Threatened and Endanaered SDecies. The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service provided a J.ist on June 19, 1995, indicating that
the following federally listed endangered (E) and threatened (T)
species are known to occur in the Calabash Creek Study area. These
species are listed below.

E - Endangered
~ - Threatened
· - Indicates the most recent record of the species in the
county is prior to 1970 or the habitat at the site of the
last record is believed to have been destroyed.

Eastern cougar (Felis concolor couauar) ------------------ E
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) --------------------- E

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucoceDhalus) -------------------- E
Peregine falcon (Falco t)erearinus) ----------------------- E
~ed-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) -------------- E
Wood stork (Mvcteria americana) -------------------------- E
Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) ----------------------- T

Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle (LeDidochelvs kemDi) - E
Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelvs coriacea) ------------ E
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mvdas) ------------------------ T
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta) ------------------ T

Shortnose sturgeon (AciDenser brevirostrum) -------------- E

Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictrum coolevi) ------------------ E
Rough-leaved loosest~ife (Lvsimachia aSDerulaefolia) ----- E
Schweinitz' sunflower (Helianthus schweinitzii)* --------- E

Sea-beach amaranth (Amaranthus Dumilus) ------------------ T

The National Marine Fisheries Service provided a list on July
14, 1995, indicating that the following endangered (E) and
threatened (T) species and critical habitats that are listed under
that agencies jurisdiction in North Carolina and South Carolina.

E - Endangered
T - Threatened

Finback whale (BalaenoDtera Dhvsalus) -------------------- E
Humpback wh~le (MegaDtera novaeanaliae) ------------------ E
Right whale (Eubaleana alacialis) ------------------------ E
Sei whale (BalaenoDtera borealis) ------------------------ E
Sperm whale (Phvseter catodon) --------------------------- E

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Green sea turtle (Chelonia mvdas) ------------------------ T
Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelvs imbricata) ------------ E
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridleysea turtle (Lepidochelvs kempi) - E
Leatherback sea turtle (Der.mochelvs coriacea) ------------ E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta) ------------------ T

Species proposed for listing - None
Listed critical habitat - None
Proposed critical habitat - None

G. Cultural Resources. An archaeological inventory survey
report was completed for the proposed AIWW upland disposal site
(See 1980 report entitled "An Initial Investigation of The
Archaeological And Historical Resources Which Would Be Affected By
The Continued Operation And Maintenance Of The Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway, Little River To Port Royal Sound, South
Caroliona").A preliminary literature search of the existing
channel did not identify any significant cultural resources.

H. Socio-Economics. Population, housing, historical trends,
projected population, employment, income, etc. of the Calabash area
are discussed in detail in the main report. Detailed infor.mation
pertaining to the economic analysis of the recommended project can
he found in the main report.

I. Hazardous. Toxic and Radioloaical Waste. The proposed
project is primarily located in the existing previously dredged
navigation channel and berthing areas. The disposal area has been
used in the past and maintenance work was perfor.med on the area in
early 1990. Because of the previous dredging and maintenance
activities, no hazardous, toxic or radiological waste are expected
to be encountered. Additionally, sediment testing for physical,
chemical, and biological parameters is being conducted. If the
testing reveals that there is material with high concentrations of
chemicals of concern, the contaminated material will be disposed of
in an appropriate manner and coordinated with appropriate resource
agencies.

nz. ENVZRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES.

A. Natural Resources. Existing Disposal Area 92 L-B, an
approximately 9 (nine) acre diked disposal area will be used for
dredged material disposal from Calabash Creek. The dredged
material, after dewatering and drying, will be removed by the town
of Calabash and used for fill material. The areas of Calabash
Creek where dredging is proposed have been dredged before, and
redredging will cause only temporary disruption to the immediate
creek area.

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B. PI a. Calabash Creek area contains many acres of
productive salt marshes, none of which would be affected by the
proposed project, since the dredged material would be disposed of
in an existing cleared diked disposal area.

C. Wildlife. Shore and wading birds currently utilizing the
shoreline and intertidal areas of Calabash Creek may be frightened
away by construction noise and activity. Practically all
significant animal life currently using the existing disposal area
will be displaced during and shortly after its use.

D. Fisherv. In most dredging projects, one of the most
significant short-term. impacts is the destruction of benthic
organisms in the path of the dredge cutterhead. This gross effect
has been well documented in many studies and field investigations.
Since only the deeper portions of Calabash Creek will be affected
by the proposed project, the impact on benthic organisms will be
insignificant and temporary. As stated in a previous section of
this assessment, the Calabash Creek ecosystem supports a diverse
array of fishes. The majority of these fishes are usually
associated with salt marshes and shallow water areas, which will
not be significantly affected by the proposed project. Available
data indicate that fish populations, unlike benthic organisms which
are relatively immobile, are less likely to be adversely affected
_by dredging operations. Based on research which has been
accomplished in other areas and available information on the
effects of current dredging practices, it is felt that any impacts
on fish resulting from the proposed deepening will be of a short-
term, localized nature, and will not significantly affect the fish
stocks in Calabash Creek.

E. Water Oualitv. Temporary changes in water quality at the
dredging' 'and disposal sites are expected; however, permanent
changes in water quality due to this project are not anticipated or
expected. A 404 (b) (1) Evaluation has been prepared and included in
the report. A Section 401 Water Quality Certification was received
on 95.

,F. Threatened and Endanaered SDecies. There is no critical
habitat for any endangered or threatened species, nor is there any
potential for adversely affecting any endangered or threatened
species within the project area.

G. Cultural Resources. There are no historic or
archaeological resources in the immediate area of the proposed
project. The project will not have any impact on any property in,
o~ listed as eligible in, the National Register of Historic Places.

H. Socio-Economics. The proposed deepening of Calabash Creek
will have a favorable economic impact on the Calabash Creek area.
~he socio-economic details associated with the proposed Calabash
Creek deepening is included in the main report.

8

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.

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I. Hazardous, Toxic and Radioloaical Waste. The proposed
project is primarily located in the existing previously dredged
navigation channel and berthing areas. The disposal area has been
used in the past and maintenance work was perfor.med on the area in
early 1990. Because of the previous dredging and maintenance
activities, it is not expected that any hazardous, toxic or
radiological waste will be encountered. Additionally, sediment
testing for physical, chemical, and biological parameters is being
conducted. If the testing reveals that there is material with high
concentrations of chemicals of concern, the contaminated material
'will be disposed of in an appropriate manner and coordinated with
appropriate resource agencies. '

J. Noise. There will be an increase in the noise level on
Calabash' Creek due to the dredging operations, but it is not
anticipated that the increase in noise levels would be significant
at either the disposal site or along the creek.

K. Air Qualitv. Any increase in air pollution would occur
during the dredging operation as a result of exhaust fumes. The
increase would be minor and temporary.

L. Aesthetics. There will be a change in aesthetics on the
Calabash Creek due to the dredging operations and at the disposal
site during removal of the material. The change would be minor and
temporary.

M. Consistency with the South Carolina and North Carolina
Coastal Manaaement Proarams.

(1) The proposed work is consistent with the approved
South Carolina and North Carolina Coastal Zone Management programs.
Coordination with both agencies is ongoing and a consistency
deter.mination has been requested.

(2) A detailed description of the activity is found in
other sections of the main report and the discussion of water
quality impacts above.

(3) In view of the quantities and types of material
proposed to be dredged, the nature of the existing channel, and the
confined upland disposal area, additional, more, detailed
infor.mation is not necessary to support the consistency statement.

VJ:l:l:. UHAVOl:DABLB ADVERSB BNVJ:RONMBNTAL CONSBQUENCBS

A discussion of environmental consequences expected to occur
from .t~is proposed project is contained. in Section VII of this EA.
Some of these consequences are considered unfavorable but cannot be
avoided or mi tigated by any practical means wi thin the authori ty or
scope of the proposed project. Such consequences are as follows:

9

. ..

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a. There would be a temporary increase in noise and air
pollution at the disposal site and in the immediate area along the
project boundaries during construction phase of the project.

b. There would be a temporary increase in turbidity which
would have a temporary impact on water quality at the dredging and
disposal area locations.

c. Some benthic organisms may be destroyed by the dredge
cutterhead.

d. Any wildlife species inhabiting the disposal area will be
displaced by deposition of dredged material.

:IX. CONCLUS:IONS

The proposed action does not constitute a major Federal action
significantly affecting the quality of the human environment,
therefore, the preparation of an Environmental :Impact Statement
(EIS), provided for under Section l02(c) of the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 is not required. In addition,
this project appears consistent, to the maximum extent practicable,
with both the South Carolina and the North Carolina Coastal Zone
Management Program. Finally, the proposed action has been
thoroughly assessed and coordinated and will not significantly
affect the environment.

10

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F:mD:rNG OF NO S:IGNJ:F:ICANT :IMPACT

CALABASH CREEK NAVJ:GAT:ION PROJECT

:IN

BRUNSWJ:Clt COUNTY, NORTH CAROL:INA, AND
HORRY COUNTY, SOUTH CAROL:INA

Based upon the' attached Environmental Assessment, and in
consideration of other pertinent documents; :I conclude that the
environmental effects of the proposed Calabash Creek Navigation
Project are not significant, and that the preparation of an
Environmental :Impact Statement is not required. Specific factors
considered in making this deter.mination include the following:

1. Dredging would occur in previously dredged channels and
berthing'areas.

2. Dredged material would be deposited in an existing
disposal area.

3. Vegetated wetlands would not be affected.

4. Water quality would not be significantly affected.

5. No cultural resources would be affected.

,6. Fishery resources would not be significantly affected.
7. No wildlife would be significantly affected.
8. No threatened or endangered species would be affected.
9. Air quality would not be significantly affected.
10. Aesthetics would not be significantly affected.

11. No land use changes would occur.

12. Construction activities would be short-term and would not
significantly affect commercial or recreational
navigation of Calabash Creek during the construction.

DATE

THOMAS F! JOL:ICH
~ieutenant Colonel, u.S. Army
District Engineer

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404(b) (1) Evaluation

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Calabash Creek
Horry County, South Carolina
Brunswick County, North Carolina

I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

a. Location. The lower limit of the Calabash Creek
Navigation Project is at the confluence of the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) and Calabash Creek at Little River.
It extends approximately 1.4 miles up Calabash Creek into North
Carolina ending just upstream of the Town of Calabash,
approximately 3500 feet from state road 179.

b. General Description. Approximately 3400 feet of the
project- is located in South Carolina, and the majority of that
portion of the project will remain in the present alignment.
Prior to crossing the North Carolina state line, approximately
700 feet of the channel will be realigned into the deepest area
of the creek. This will place the channel into an area
previously dredged and reduce the quantity of material to be
dredged. The upper 1475 feet of the project will be realigned
closer to project beneficiaries whose commercial docks are
located adjacent to the proposed project. These berthing areas
will be included in the dredging and disposal activity at the
owners' expense. Again, no new work is anticipated. The project
beneficiaries are included in the environmental coordination and
NEPA process in both North Carolina and South Carolina, but will
be required to obtain a permit from the Corps of Engineers,
Wilmington District prior to dredging. The required depth of
this project is -7 mean low water with pne (1) foot of allowable
overdepth. The most recent surveys indicate that approximately
22,353 cubic yards of material will be dredged from Calabash
Creek navigation channel; 5,000 cubic yards in South Carolina;
and 17,353 cubic yards in North Carolina. In addition 4,719
cubic yards will be dredged from the berthing areas for a total
of 27,072 cubic yards. Further, ,the area of benthic impact for
this project is estimated to be 5.38 acres; 1.8 acres in South
Carqlina; and 3.58 acres in North Carolina.

c. Authoritv and Purpose. This study is being conducted
under authority provided by Section 107 of the 1960 River and
Harbor Act, as amended. The study of Calabash Creek was
initiated by letter from the Brunswick County (North Carolina)
Commissioners who withdrew their support in early 1985. In
additional correspondence dated May 7, 1985, the Town of Calabash
assumed the project sponsor,responsibili~ies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems
associated with the shoaling of Calabash Creek in Brunswick
County, North Carolina, and Horry County, South Carolina, with a
view to determining the needs for and feasibility of improvements
to solve the navigation problems.

~,

~

d. General Description of Dredqed or Fill Material. The
channel passes through level tidal marsh underlain by sand and
shell. The channel bottom, which has been previously dredged, is
comprised of unconsolidated mud. The quantity of material
proposed for dredging is 27,072 cubic yards. The project is
approximately 1.4 miles long, with 3,400 feet of the project in
South Carolina starting at Little River at the AIWW. The
remaining 4,009 feet of the project is in North Carolina.

e. Description of the Proposed Discharqe Site and Disposal
Method. The proposed disposal area is located near the mouth of
Calabash Creek, southeast of the downstream limit of the dredging
project. This site consists of nine (9) acres and is currently
under easement to the Corps for disposal of dredged material from
AIWW maintenance dredging. The 'site is diked, cleared, and has
been used previously for dredged material disposal. Effluent
from the diked area will be discharged into the AIWW. This and
other disposal areas used for AIWW maintenance have 401 water
quality certification; however, the material placed in this
disposal site comes from a water body other than the AIWW. At
the present time, the COE expects to dredge the AIWW prior to
dredging the Calabash Creek Project. The disposal site will be
filled to capacity, and sufficient material must be removed by
the local sponsor (the Town of Calabash) to allow for dredging
and disposal of material from Calabash Creek prior to undertaking
the proposed project. Calabash Creek material will be dredged
using a hydraulic pipeline dredge.

II. FACTUAL DETERMINATIONS.

a. Physical Substrate Determinations.
(1) Substrate Elevation and Slope. The required depth
of this project is -7 mean low water with one (1) foot of
allowable overdepth. The channel prism consists of a sixty (60) ,
foot wide channel bottom at elevation -7.0 MLW with side slopes
of four (4) foot horizontal to, one (1) foot vertical side slopes.

(2) Sediment Tyoe. Borings indicate that the sediment
type is sand and shell with an overlayer of fine grained,
unconsolidated material.

(3) Dredqed Material Movement. Material will be
dredged using a hydraulic pipeline dredge and pumped to the AIWW
disposal area.

(4) Physical Effects on Benthos. Benthic organisms in
the vicinity of the dredging activity will be impacted. These
impacts should be temporary in duration allowing for
reestablishment following dredging activity.

2

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~
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(5) Actions Taken to Minimize Imoacts. The channel
will be located as much as possible to take advantage of
naturally occurring depths thereby reducing the area and the
quantity of material to be dredged.

b. Water Circulation, Fluctuation and Salinity
Determinations.
(1) Water. Temporary impacts related to dredging and
the return water from upland disposal area would be expected;
however, permanent impacts to the aquatic ecosystem are not
anticipated or expected.

(a) Salinity. Not applicable.

(b) Water Chemistry. Temporary changes to water
chemistry in the vicinity of dredging/disposal may occur. These
changes should be no different than those occurring during
maintenance dredging and are considered minimal and temporary in
nature.
(c) Clarity. A minor temporary reduction in
clarity due to turbidity related to dredging and disposal return
waters is expected. However, this reduction will be of short
duration and is not expected to have a significant adverse
effect.

(d) Color. Not applicable.
(e) Odor. Not applicable.
(f) Taste. Not applicable.

(g) Dissolved Gas Levels. A temporary; minor
decrease in dissolved oxygen may occur at the dredging location
project 'depth related to suspension of bottom sediments during
dredging activity. Any impacts should quickly return to normal
following dredging activity. Dissolved oxygen levels at the
outfall pipes of upland disposal areas are usually higher due to
the turbulence associated with the outfall structures.

(h) Nutrients. Nutrient levels may temporarily
increase at the dredging site due to increased turbidity which
may result in a release of nutrients from the disturbed
sediments. Increased levels would be temporary in nature,
returning to normal following dredging.

(i) Eutroohication. Not applicable.

(2) Current Patterns and Circulation.

(a) Current Patterns and Flow. Not significant.
(b) Velocity. Not applicable.

3

;

~

(c) Stratification and Hydroloqic Reqime. No
changes are anticipated.

(3) Normal Water Level Fluctuations. Not applicable.

(4) Salinity Gradients. Not applicable.

(5) Actions That Will be Taken to Minimize Imoacts.
The impacts associated with water quality are temporary and are
not expected to have significant effects. Pumping rates and
operation of the disposal area will be controlled in order to
prevent unnecessary turbidity and siltation.

c. Suspended Particulate/Turbidity Determinations.

(1) Expected Chanqes in Susoended Particulates and
Turbidity Levels in Vicinity of Disoosal Site. The return water
from the disposal area would be the only source of turbidity in
the vicinity of the disposal site. Provided that the site is
operated as designed, there may be minor increases in total
suspended solids (TSS) levels at the outfall, but no permanent
impacts are anticipated or expected.

(2) Effects on Chemical and Physical Prooerties of the
.Water Column.
(a) Liqht Penetration. A minor decrease in light
penetration may be expected due to the increased turbidity
related to the dredging activity. Additionally, a possible
short-term decrease in light penetration resulting from a
temporary increase in localized turbidity at the outfall pipes
from the disposal areas may occur.

(b) Dissolved Oxyqen. DO concentrations in the
return water are usually 4.0 mg/l or higher depending on the
season due to the turbulence associated with the outfall
structures.
(c) Toxic Metals and Orqanics. Toxic metals and
organics are not expected to be found in the dredged material
because the location is removed from industrialized areas where
serious contaminants would be expected. However, modified
elutriate tests are being conducted on proposed dredged sediment
as required by the South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control.

(d) Pathoqens. Not applicable.

(e) Aesthetics. Aesthetic impacts are not
expected at the disposal area. The dredging site impacts would
be temporary and limited to the visual impact of the dredge and
the floating pipeline.

4

.
~ ~ tl-

t

(3) Effects on Biota.

(a) Primary Production, Photosynthesis. No
significant impacts to primary production or photosynthesis are
expected.

(b) Suspension/Filter Feeders. Organisms at the
dredging site will be impacted. Because dredging activity is
infrequent, a rapid recovery is expected following completion of
the project.

(c) Siqht Feeders. A minimal, temporary
disruption with rapid recovery is possible. Most sight feeders
are transient and can relocate until dredging operations are
complete.

(4) Actions Taken to Minimize Impacts. Impacts
associated with the actual dredging operation of the hydraulic
dredge are minimal, and it is unlikely that further minimization
is possible. The disposal area will be operated to minimize
turbidity and sedimentation.

d. Contaminant Determinations. Contaminants associated
with the sediment are not anticipated due to the remote location
of Calabash Creek. Further, contact with the North Carolina
Department of Health and Natural Resources determined that
sediment testing was not necessary because Calabash Creek is so
far removed from sources of contamination. However, because all
of the dredged material is being placed in a disposal area in
South Carolina, the South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control has required that modified elutriate tests
be conducted prior to issuance of Section 401 Water Quality
Certification.

e. Aquatic Ecosystem and Orqanism Determinations.

(1) Effects on Plankton. Effects on plankton would be
related to turbidity associated with the dredging activity. Any
effects would be minor and temporary in duration.

(2) Effects on Benthos. Any benthic activity at the
dredging site (navigation channel) would be interrupted; however,
a rapid recovery following the dredging activity is anticipated.

(3) Effects on Nekton. Not applicable.
(4) Effects on the Aquatic Food Web. Not significant.
(5) Effects on Special Aquatic Sites. Not applicable.
(6) Threatened and Endanqered Species. Not
applicable.

5

i

.. :or....

"

(7) Other Wildlife. Effects would be related to
turbidity and are discussed above.

(8) Actions Taken to Minimize Impacts. Effects on
benthos are minimized by locating the channel in the deepest
portion of the creek to reduce dredging activity. Additionally,
the only minimization possible during operations would be through
controlling the return water turbidity at the disposal area.

f. Proposed Disposal Site Determinations.

(1) Mixing Zone Determination. Not applicable.

(2) Determination of Compliance with Applicable Water
Quality Standards. Water quality impacts of the proposed dredge
disposal will be limited to a temporary increase in turbidity and
possibly a reduction in dissolved oxygen. Calabash Creek is
classified as "SA" in both North Carolina and South Carolina.
The AIWW at the disposal site is classified "SA" also. Dredging
of the creek, or runback from dewatering of the disposal area
into the AIWW, should cause no violation of the standards for
class "SA" waters.

(3) Potential Effects on Human Use Characteristics.

applicable.

(a) Municipal and Private Water Supply. Not

(b) Recreational and Commercial Fisheries. Not

significant.

(c) Water Related Recreation. Not significant.

(d) Aesthetics. Not significant.

(e) Parks, National and Historical Monuments,
National Seashores, Wilderness Areas, Research Sites, and Similar
Preserves. Not applicable.

g. Determination of Secondary and Cumulative Effects on the
Aauatic Ecosystem. Effects related to this dredging project are
associated with turbidity and impacts to the benthic community.
Secondary and cumulative effects are minimal and temporary in
duration.

III. FINDINGS OF COMPLIANCE OR NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE
RESTRICTIONS ON DISCHARGE.

a. No significant adaptations of the guidelines were made
relative to this evaluation.

6

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t.

b. Construction of a new disposal site in North Carolina
was investigated. However, due to the small quantity of material
proposed for dredging, the added expense of constructing a new
site, plus the possible environmental restrictions made
construction of a new site inadvisable. The existing site has
been determined by the Corps to be the best available site for
disposal of the proposed dredged material.

c. The proposed construction described in this evaluation
would not cause or contribute to violations of any known
applicable state water quality standard.

d. The proposed project will not violate the Toxic Effluent
Standards of Section 307 of the Clean Water Act.

e. The proposed project will not violate the Endangered
Species Act of 1973.

f. The proposed project will not violate any specified
protection measures for marine sanctuaries designated by the
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.

g. The proposed project will not result in significant
adverse affects on human health and welfare, including municipal
and private water supplies, recreation and commercial fishing,
plankton, fish, shellfish, wildlife, and special aquatic sites.
The life stages of aquatic life and other wildlife will not be
adversely affected. Significant adverse affects on aquatic
ecosystem diversity, productivity and stability, and
recreational, aesthetic and economic values will not occur.

h. Appropriate steps to minimize potential adverse impacts
of the discharge on aquatic systems include proper management of
the disposal area, inspections by Corps personnel during
construction, and monitoring of the return water.

i. The proposed project will not cause unacceptable adverse
impacts to any known, significant historic sites.

j. On the basis of the guidelines, the proposed disposal
sites for the discharge of dredged material are specified as
complying with the requirements of these guidelines, with the
inclusion of appropriate and practical conditions to minimize
pollution or adverse affects on the aquatic ecosystem.

11~~6:

DATE

7

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~ rn@~~~-7m
StateofNort.,H.,Carqlina JUN 271q96~~~
Department of EnvIronment I . ~ ~~;-'"'T ~
HealtH and. Natur, 0.' I Resourc~~...______......________ 4!.
Division of Coastal Management ' _ _ __ ~
, ~ - -
- - -
James B. Hunt, Jr" Governor DE H N ~
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary .---a.
Roger N. Schecter, Director

.

:

,.
,.

:06/07/96

Mr. Jim Gregson
NC DEH&NR
Div. Environmental Management
127 Cardinal Drive
Wilmington, NC 28405

REFERENCE: CD96-17 County: Brunswick
Applicant/Sponsor: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
EA/FONSI Calabash Creek Navigation Project, North & South Carolina

Dear Mr. Gregson:

The attached consistency Determination, dated05/31j96
describing a proposed Federal Activity is being circulated to
State agencies for comments concerning the proposal's consistency
with the North Carolina Coastal Management Program.

form

/

the proposal and return this
Sin~rely,
l,', :(S>
l p~--'~
tephen B. Benton
Consistency Coordinator
^Y.JHJV'Jt t'Jr ~e lJvb S/nJucl's

REPLY

_ This office objects to the project as proposed.
--L Comments on this project are attached.
-L'This office sappons the project proposal.
No comment. '" . EO I,) 10' e0~'O"" +0
~\ fV ~ ~
~~~ed ~~~ .

Agency ~ lAAW

(lA I ifY

C t ~ jo~... 'Dc~~V
\..It (to \=: l-e~

P,O. Box 27687. Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687
An Equal Opportunity Atflrm~lve Action Employer

Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
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