20011729 Ver 1_Complete File_20050623

DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, IN .R @ F 0 WP Do
E 1C 1
nvironmenta onsu tants
P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388 JUN 2 2005
[phone] * Fax [phone] DENR - WArFR QUALITY
[e-mail] WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
Letter of Transmittal
To Mr. John Thomas, Regulatory Specialist
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Rd., Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615-6846
WE ARE SENDING YOU
Date: 6-22-05 Job #: 9847-m
Attn: Mr. John Thomas
Re: Siler City Lower Reservoir Expansion

Attached X Reports Maps
Copy of letter Plans Data
Prints Photos

COPIES DATE # P s DESCRIPTION
2 22 June
2005 47 Final Wetland and Stream Channel Mitigation Plan for the Rocky River
Lower Reservoir Expansion Project, Chatham County, North Carolina

THESE ARE TRANSMITTED
X For approval Approved as noted
For your use Approved as submitted
As requested Returned for corrections
For review and comment For your information
REMARKS: Please call with any questions or comments.
COPY TO: ?tC ndi Karoly , NCDWQ (2 copies): SIGNED:
Joel Brower, Siler City (2 copies)
Glenn Dunn, Poyner and Spruill (1 copy) AM JA
Bill Lester, HUA (2 copies) ho JVU
If enclosures are not noted, please contact was imme iately

Endangered Species Surveys • Environmental Assessments • Land Management • Wetlands Mapping and Permitting

FINAL
WETLAND AND STREAM MITIGATION PLAN
FOR THE
ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR
EXPANSION
CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared By:
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
515 F Midland Road
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 22 June 2004
To:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regional Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615-6846

North Carolina Division of Water Quality
401 Wetland Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 1930NS 3105
DEpS ANA s1oRNMlA E aW?H
WE1?

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1
PROJECT SITE DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 2
' IMPACTS DUE TO THE PROPOSED ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR
EXPANSION ............................................................................................................................. 5
' Stream Impacts ............................................................................................................................ 5
Wetland Impacts ......................................................................................................................... 6
PROPOSED STREAM MITIGATION .................................................................................... 10
Deep River Restoration ............................................................................................................. 10
Off-site Stream Preservation in Randolph County .................................................................. 10
' PROPOSED WETLAND MITIGATION ................................................................................ 12
On-Site Wetland Mitigation ...................................................................................................... 13
' Mitigation Wetland-01 ......................................................................................................... 15
Mitigation Wetland-02 ........................................................................................................ 23
I Off-Site Wetland Mitigation ..................................................................................................... 30
Randolph County Mitigation Site ........................................................................................ 30
' OTHER ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................... 32
Fringe Wetlands ........................................................................................................................ 32
I Wetland Preservation/Enhancement within 100-foot Reservoir Buffer ................................... 32
Stream Enhancement within the 100-foot Reservoir Buffer ..................................................... 34
' Stream Preservation within the 100-foot Reservoir Buffer ..................................................... 34
Replanting uplands within the 100-foot Reservoir Buffer ........................................................ 34
OTHER INFORMATION ......................................................................................................... 34
100-foot Buffer Encroachments ................................................................................................ 34
'
Electric transmission line easements .................................................................................. 34
' Roads .................................................................................................................................... 38
Buildings .............................................................................................................................. 38
I Clapp Lake Dam .................................................................................................................. 39
1
MONITORING ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................. 39
Reference Forest Ecosystem ..................................................................................................... 39
On-site Wetland Mitigation Sites .............................................................................................. 39
Off-site Wetland Mitigation in Randolph County .................................................................... 43
Off-site Stream Preservation in Randolph County ................................................................... 43
Wetland and Stream Channel Enhancement and Preservation within the 100-foot
Reservoir Buffer ............................................................................................................. 43
SUCCESS CRITERIA ................................................................................................................ 43
Wetland Hydrology ................................................................................................................... 43
Hydric Soils .............................................................................................................................. 44
Wetland Vegetation and Survival ............................................................................................. 44
REPORTING .............................................................................................................................. 45
Wetland Mitigation Sites .......................................................................................................... 45
Stream Mitigation Sites ............................................................................................................. 45
CONTINGENCY PLANS .......................................................................................................... 45
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 47
11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project location map, Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project,
Chatham County, North Carolina .....................................................................3
Figure 2a -2c: Jurisdictional wetland and stream channel impacts for the Rocky River
Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ...... 7-9
Figure 3: Wetland and stream channel boundaries and existing plant
communities on the off-site mitigation property in Randolph
County (Parcel No. 8735049459), Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ...................................11
Figure 4: Location map of Wetland Mitigation-01 and 02 ............................................14
Figure 5: Photograph of existing conditions at Mitigation Wetland-01, Chatham
County, North Carolina ..................................................................................15
Figure 6: Mitigation Wetland-01: Existing land uses ...................................................16
Figure 7: Mitigation Wetland-01: Soil map units for the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ...................17
Figure 8: Mitigation Wetland-01: Existing vegetative communities ............................18
Figure 9: Mitigation Wetland-O1: Proposed borrow areas ............................................20
Figure 10: Mitigation Wetland-O1: Grading plan ............................................................ 21
Figure 11: Stream channel design ................................................................................... 22
Figure 12: Photograph of existing conditions at Mitigation Wetland-02, Chatham
County, North Carolina .................................................................................. 23
Figure 13: Mitigation Wetland-02: Existing land uses ................................................... 24
Figure 14: Mitigation Wetland-02: Soil map units for the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ................... 25
Figure 15: Mitigation Wetland-02: Existing vegetative communities ............................ 26
Figure 16: Mitigation Wetland-02: Proposed borrow areas ............................................ 27
Figure 17: Mitigation Wetland-02: Grading plan ............................................................ 28
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
(Continued)
Figure 18: Mitigation Wetland-02: Typical cross section of an impervious
ditch plug .............................................................:......................................... 29
Figure 19: General location of the off-site mitigation site in Randolph County
(Parcel No. 8735049459), Rocky River Lower Reservoir... 31
Figure 20: Photograph of existing conditions at the off-site mitigation site in
Randolph County, North Carolina ................................................................. 30
Figure 21: Soil map for the Randolph County mitigation site (Parcel No.
8735049459), Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project,
Chatham County, North Carolina ................................................................. 33
Figure 22: Location of on-site stream channel enhancement and preservation
within the 100-foot buffer Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion
project, Chatham County, North Carolina .................................................... 35
Figure 23a - 23b: Encroachments within the 100-foot buffer of the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ..............36-37
Figure 24: Location of Reference Forest Ecosystem (RFE) at Fox Lake for the
Rocky River Lower Reservoir wetland mitigation sites, Chatham
County, North Carolina .................................................................................. 40
Figure 25: Mitigation Wetland-O1 Monitoring Plan ...................................................... 41
Figure 26: Mitigation Wetland-02 Monitoring Plan ...................................................... 42
iv
11

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Stream channel impacts for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion
project, Chatham County, North Carolina ..................................................... 6
Table 2: Proposed mitigation for stream channel impacts for the Rocky River
Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ........ 10
Table 3: Summary of proposed mitigation for federal jurisdictional wetlands
(7.67 acres) for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project . ..............
Chatham County North Carolina ...................................................................12
Table 4: Summary of proposed mitigation for State jurisdictional isolated
wetlands for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project . .................
Chatham County North Carolina ...................................................................13
Table 5: Proposed on-site wetland mitigation for the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ...................13
Table 6: Proposed off-site wetland mitigation for the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina ................... 30
v
FINAL
WETLAND AND STREAM MITIGATION PLAN
FOR THE
ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION
CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
USACOE Action ID No. 200220234 NC DWQ Project No. 01-1729
INTRODUCTION
The Town of Siler City (Town) is proposing to construct a new dam structure
immediately below the existing Rocky River Lower Reservoir dam in order to expand the
existing Rocky River Lower Reservoir. The reservoir expansion will establish a water supply
that will provide an additional 2.0 million gallons per day (MGD) to meet the Town's projected
long-term needs beyond the current 20-year planning window through at least 2030, based on
current population and demand projections. The project will result in the establishment of a
146.3-acre reservoir (including 24.4 acres of existing reservoir) and the preservation of an
approximately 131-acre buffer zone that will be approximately 100 feet wide around the
proposed reservoir. The project engineers, Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A. (HUA), are
preparing a timeline that will outline the dam construction schedule and filling of the proposed
reservoir. This timeline will be submitted as a supplemental document to this mitigation plan.
Project construction will result in the loss of 9.19 acres of jurisdictional wetlands and
inundation of 9,027 linear feet of perennial streams, 1,588 linear feet of intermittent streams and
3,242 linear feet of ephemeral streams. The majority of existing wetlands and streams have been
adversely affected by human activities including cattle grazing.
Over the life of the project, which has spanned approximately 8 years, improvements in

surveying equipment and associated technologies have allowed for the collection of more
accurate site information. This has resulted in minor variations in the final impact numbers
compared to those in the Draft Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan for the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir Expansion Chatham County, North Carolina (Draft Mitigation Plan) QCA 2004).
1
Several elevation points were more precisely located; this in turn resulted in the refinement of
the mapped location of several stream origin points.
Overall the proposed impacts remain consistent with those reported in the Draft
Mitigation Plan. The aerial topography completed in the early stages of the project was accurate
enough to predict preliminary limits of the proposed reservoir. Changes to elevations within the
proposed reservoir constituted the majority of the alterations later surveys revealed.
As part of this project, the Town will work to improve the environmental quality of the

project site and watershed as a whole. A 100-foot vegetative buffer around the expanded
reservoir will be established and all wetlands and streams within this buffer will be preserved,
enhanced or restored, as appropriate. Water quality and wildlife habitat will be enhanced by the
formation of fringe wetlands, creation of 2 wetlands within the footprint of the proposed
reservoir expansion and the restoration of a degraded wetland immediately adjacent to the
reservoir. In addition to the on-site mitigation/restoration, the Town will purchase stream
mitigation credits created by the removal of a dam on the Deep River, wetland acreage, and
stream channel at the head of the Rocky River in Randolph County will be enhanced and
preserved and pastures and croplands within the proposed 100-foot buffer will be replanted with
appropriate upland tree and shrub species.
PROJECT SITE DESCRIPTION

The project area is located in western Chatham County in the east-central Piedmont of
North Carolina (Figure 1). The topography ranges from gently to strongly sloping. Elevations
within the project area range from 450 to 700 feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Geologically,
the project lies within the Carolina Slate Belt of North Carolina. The soils are generally silt
loams and silty clay loams, with the Badin, Cid, Lignum, Georgeville and Nanford Series being
the most widespread. Soils along rivers and creeks, which ultimately drain to the Cape Fear
River, are dominated by Riverview and Badin-Nanford soils (H. Outz, Chatham Soil and Water
Conservation District, pers. comm.).
The predominant natural vegetative communities as defined by the North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) (Schafale and Weakley 1990) were the Dry Oak-Hickory
Forest on the ridgetops and upper slopes, Dry-Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest on mid-and lower
slopes, Piedmont/Coastal Plain Heath Bluff on steep slopes and banks, Mesic Mixed Hardwood
2

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Figure 1. Project location map for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham
County, North Carolina.
Prepared By:
Dr. J.H. Carter III and Associates, Inc.
Southern Pines, North Carolina
3
Forest on some lower slopes and along some well-drained small creek bottoms and Piedmont
Alluvial Forest on river and stream floodplains.
The Dry Oak-Hickory Forest was dominated by white oak (Quercus alba), southern red

oak (Q. falcata), post oak (Q. stellata), blackjack oak (Q. marilandica) and hickory species,
including mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa) and pignut hickory (C. glabra). Shortleaf
(Pinus echinata) and Virginia pines (P. virginiana) were also important components and
dominated portions of this community type. Typical understory species included sourwood
(Oxydendrum arboreum), red maple (Acer rubrum), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and
sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum). Shrubs ranged from sparse to dense and included
gooseberry (V. stamineum), lowbush blueberry (V. vacillans) and dwarf blueberry (V. tenellum).
Herbs were generally sparse and included pipsissewa (Chimaphila maculata), oat grass
(Danthonia spicata), rattlesnake weed (Hieracium venosum), goat's rue (Tephrosia virginiana)
and greater coreopsis (Coreopsis major).
The Dry-Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest was dominated by white oak and other oaks and
hickories including northern red oak (Q. rubra), black oak (Q. velutina), shagbark hickory (C.
ovata) and pignut hickory. Pines, tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulip fera) and sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua) were also common. Understory species included red maple, flowering
dogwood, sourwood, American holly (Ilex opaca) and black gum (Nyssa sylvatica). Shrubs
included gooseberry, dangleberry (Gaylussacia frondosa) and American strawberry-bush
(Euonymus americanus). The herb layer was sparse and included heartleaf (Hexastylis arifolia),
pipsissewa, rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera pubescens) and woodland tick-trefoil (Desmodium
nudiflorum).
Piedmont/Coastal Plain Heath Bluff contained an open to very sparse overstory of rock

chestnut oak (Q. prinus) and shortleaf pine. A variety of trees from surrounding forests also
occurred in this community as did a dense shrub layer dominated by mountain laurel (Kalmia
latifolia). Herbs included galax (Galax aphylla), trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens), pipsissewa
and partridgeberry (Mitchella repens).
Dominant overstory species within the Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest community
included beech (Fagus grandifolia), northern red oak, tulip poplar and Florida sugar maple (Acer
floridanum). Typical understory species included flowering dogwood, red maple and American
holly. Common shrub species included horse sugar (Symplocos tinctoria), witch-hazel
4

I
(Hammamelis virginiana), buckeye (Aesculus sylvatica), switch cane (Arundinaria tecta),
American strawberry bush, beautyberry (Callicarpa americanus) and blueberries (Vaccinium
spp.). Ground cover was moderately dense to dense and often diverse, and included Christmas
fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), heartleaf (H. virginica), foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia),
rattlesnake fern (Botrychium virginianum), alumroot (Heuchera americana) and lion's foot
(Prenanthes serpentaria).
Dominant overstory species in the Piedmont Alluvial Forest community type included

river birch (Betula nigra), tulip poplar, sweetgum, green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), black
walnut (Juglans nigra), hackberry (Celtis laevigata) and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis).
Typical understory species included boxelder (Acer negundo), red maple and ironwood
(Carpinus caroliniana). Shrubs included American strawberry bush, spicebush (Lindera
benzoin) and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinese). The ground cover was generally dense and
included vermin grass (Microstegium virmineum), bluestem goldenrod (Solidago caesia),
heartleaf aster (Aster divaricatus), buttercup (Ranunculus abortivus), Canada avens (Geum
canadense) and violets (Viola spp.). Vines were common and included poison ivy
(Toxicodendron radicans), muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia), greenbrier (Smilax
rotundifolia), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and moonseed (Menispermum
canadense).
The entire site has been heavily disturbed by human impacts. Nearly one-half of the

uplands have been converted to fields, pastures and rural residential areas. Forested areas were
generally small and fragmented.
IMPACTS DUE TO THE PROPOSED
ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION
Stream Impacts
On 18 March 2002, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) visited the
project site and made jurisdictional determinations on waterbodies therein. It was determined
that some channels were nonjurisdictional due to the lack of stream characteristics and were
either ditches or water impoundments. Table 1 details the linear footage of stream impacts
approved by the ACOE.

Table 1. Stream channel impacts for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion
project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
Stream Type Linear Feet of Stream Channel Impacts
Perennial-Forested 7,443.83
Perennial-Non Forested 1,583.56
Intermittent-Forested 1,200.23
Intermittent-Non Forested 387.60
TOTAL 10,615.22
A total of 13,857 linear feet of stream channels will be permanently flooded by the
proposed project (Figure 2a-2c). Of this total, 3,242 linear feet are ephemeral streams, which do
not require compensatory mitigation. The perennial and intermittent streams requiring
mitigation total 10,615 linear feet (Table 1).
Wetland Impacts
Total jurisdictional wetland impacts reported in the Draft Mitigation Plan were 9.24

I
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acres. In April 2004, Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates (JCA) determined by field verification that
0.05 acre of previously reported wetland impact was the result of mapping errors. This acreage
occurs along Mudlick Creek and along the upper reaches of the Rocky River Lower Reservoir.
The banks of Mudlick Creek and the Rocky River were surveyed using Global Positioning
System (GPS) and these data were translated into a graphical representation. When an existing
graphic of the Rocky River and Mudlick Creek were combined with the field data, portions of
the banks of these waterbodies were erroneously reported as wetlands. Construction and
operation of the proposed reservoir will actually impact 9.19 acres of jurisdictional wetlands,
which are comprised of 1.52 acres of isolated wetland and 7.67 acres of riparian wetland.
Figures 2a through 2c show the locations of the impacted wetlands. Nearly all of the wetlands to
be impacted have been severely disturbed or are narrow riparian fringe. All wetland impacts will
be the result of flooding.
6
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General Location Map
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i
Legend
Impacted Wetland
- Perennial Streams
Intermittent Streams 1
Ephemeral Streams j
Existing Reservoir Boundary
Proposed Reservoir Boundary
100 Foot Buffer
2 Foot Contours
is
?6iue F?aur 2b
Figure 2a. Jurisdictional wetland and stream channel impacts for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
N
0 215 430 860 Feet Prepared By: W E
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
L_ I I I I I I Southern Pines, North Carolina June 6, 2005 S
7

Match Line Figure 2a
Match Line Figure 2a
Legend
Impacted Wetland
Perennial Streams
Intermittent Streams
® Existing Reservoir Boundary
2 foot Contours
- Ephemeral Streams
100 foot buffer
Proposed Reservoir Boundary
?l

Match Line Figure 2c

Figure 2b. Jurisdictional wetland and stream channel impacts for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
Prepared By:
0 320 640 1,280 Feet Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
I I I I I I I I I Southern Pines, North Carolina
June 6, 2005
N
W E
S

8
Legend
Impacted Wetland
i
i Perennial Streams
Intermittent Streams
i
- Ephemeral Streams
i
Existing Reservoir Boundary
2 Foot Contours
Match Line Figure 2b
Proposed Reservoir Boundary
100 Foot Buffer
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Figure 2c. Jurisdictional wetland and stream channel impacts for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
N
Prepared By: W E
0 465 930 1,860 Feet Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Southern Pines, North Carolina June 6, 2005
I I I I I I I I I S
9
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PROPOSED STREAM MITIGATION
To mitigate for stream channel impacts, the Town will purchase mitigation credits
generated by the Carbonton Dam removal project on the Deep River and will preserve a portion
of the Rocky River off-site. Table 2 outlines the proposed stream channel mitigation activities.
The Carbonton Dam removal project will meet the Town's stream channel mitigation
(restoration) requirements and the off-site stream channel preservation will be supplemental.
Table 2. Proposed mitigation for stream channel impacts for the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
Mitigation Activity Mitigation in Mitigation to Mitigation Credit in
Linear Feet* Impact Ratio Linear Feet (If)
Deep River Restoration N/A . N/A 10,615.00
Off-site Stream Preservation- 2,660.00 10:1 266.00
Parcel No. 8735049459
TOTAL 2,660.00 10,881.00 if
* Linear feet estimated
Deep River Restoration
The Town is purchasing 10,615 feet of stream channel mitigation credits (Table 2)
generated by the Carbonton Dam removal project on the Deep River near the Lee-Chatham
County line. The Carbonton Dam removal project will restore the natural stream channel
characteristics and river flow of approximately 10 river miles of the Deep River.
Off-site Stream Preservation in Randolph County
On 1 September 2004, the Town purchased a 9.08 acre tract along the headwaters of the
Rocky River in Randolph County for off-site mitigation (Figure 3). This stretch of the Rocky
River is listed on the State's 303d list of impaired waterbodies due to agricultural uses associated
with livestock grazing in adjacent riparian and/or upland areas (NCDWQ 2003). Approximately
10

Legend
Mitigation
® Wetland Enhancement
® Wetland Preservation
Stream Channel Preservation
Vegetative Communities
® Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest
Disturbed Piedmont Alluvial Forest
® Piedmont Alluvial Forest

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General Loca ' n Map
Figure 3. Wetland and stream channel boundaries and existing plant communities on the off-site mitigation property in Randolph
County (Parcel No. 8735049459), Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
N
Prepared By:
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc. y?' E
Southern Pines, North Carolina
S
0 75 150 300 Feet June 6, 2005
11
' 2,660 linear feet of stream channel will be preserved, which will help prove water quality
downstream (Figure 3).
' PROPOSED WETLAND MITIGATION
On-site wetland mitigation is preferred in order to maintain and improve the water quality
of the proposed reservoir. Approximately 20.12 acres have been identified on-site for wetland
mitigation. To mitigate for the 7.67 acres of impacted non-isolated wetlands, 4.49 acres of
' federally jurisdictional wetland and 1.52 acres of isolated wetland will be restored and 14.11
acres of wetland will be created. The restoration of the 1.52 acre isolated wetland will be
' considered as mitigation by the ACOE and DWQ. It is currently a State-regulated isolated
wetland that will be restored to a federally regulated riparian wetland by reconnecting it to the
riparian wetlands surrounding it.
Also, 0.30 acre of wetland preservation and 3.23 acres of wetland enhancement will
occur offsite. All mitigation properties will be preserved in perpetuity through deed restrictions
that will be filed by the Town upon commencement of the project.
' Table 3 outlines the proposed activities needed to meet the wetland mitigation
requirements for impacts regulated by the ACOE. Table 4 outlines the proposed mitigation
' needed to meet the requirements for isolated wetland impacts regulated by the DWQ. A detailed
discussion of each proposed mitigation activity follows.
t
Table 3. Summary of proposed mitigation for federal jurisdictional wetlands (7.67 acres) for
the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County, North
Carolina.
Mitigation Activity Mitigation Mitigation to Impact Mitigation Credit
Acreage Ratio Acreage
On-Site Wetland Creation (MW-01 14.11 3:1 4.70
and MW-02)
On-Site Wetland Restoration

(MW-O 1) 6.01 1.5:1 4.01
Off-Site Wetland Preservation

Randolph County 0.30 10:1 0.03
Off-Site Wetland Enhancement

Randolph County 3.23 4:1 0.81
TOTAL 23.65 9.55
12
Table 4. Summary of proposed wetland mitigation for State jurisdictional isolated wetlands
(1.52 acres) for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham
County, North Carolina.
Mitigation Activity Mitigation Acreage Mitigation to Impact Mitigation Credit
Ratio Acreage
On-Site Wetland
Restoration within MW- 1.52 1:1 1.52
01
TOTAL 1.52 1.52
' On-Site Wetland Mitigation
' On-site wetland mitigation consists of restoration and creation of wetlands. Table 5 lists
each on-site mitigation credit activity and Figure 4 shows the location of these mitigation sites
' [Mitigation Wetland (MW)-O1 and -02]. A discussion of these proposed mitigation activities
follows. Wetland preservation and enhancement will occur within the 100-foot wide buffer of
' the proposed reservoir and several areas of fringe wetland are expected to naturally develop
within the 100-foot buffer, however; these latter areas will not be counted as mitigation (see
Other Activities).

0
0

Table 5. Proposed on-site wetland mitigation for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion
project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
Proposed Mitigation for
Wetlands Mitigation
Acreage Mitigation to Impact
Ratio Mitigation Credit
Acreage
MW-01 Creation 8.61 3:1 2.87
MW-01 Restoration 6.01 1.5:1 4.01
MW-02 Creation 5.50 3:1 1.83
Total 20.12 8.71
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LOWER RESERVOIR MITIGATION 300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
WETLAND-01 AND -02 Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]

14
Mitigation Wetland-01
MW-01 consists of 14.62 acres and is located both within and adjacent to the Rocky

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River Lower Reservoir expansion project boundary (Figures 2b and 4). The majority of MW-
01 has been clear-cut, with the remainder being
used as pasture. Elevation ranges from 538 to
542 feet MSL. It is bordered to the north by a
pasture, to the west by alluvial forest,
agricultural land and the Rocky River, to the
east by thinned and unthinned upland hardwood
forest and to the south by a clear-cut, upland
hardwood forest and pasture. Figure 5 depicts
the existing conditions at MW-01 and Figure 6
shows the existing land use and topography at
's
this site. Wetlands on the site are mostly artifacts of human disturbances resulting from severe
siltation that destroyed a stream channel (Figure 2b). Soils at MW-01 are mapped as the
Nanford, Badin, Chewacla, Wehadkee, Peawick and Georgeville series (Figure 7) (USDAa
unpublished). Historically, the predominant plant community on this site was mostly likely
Piedmont Alluvial Forest. Figure 8 shows the existing vegetative communities at this site.
The MW-01 site currently consists of 8.61 acres of upland, 4.49 acres of federally

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jurisdictional wetland and 1.52 acres of isolated wetland under State jurisdiction. Of the 14.62
acres, 10.71 acres are located within the proposed reservoir pool and 3.91 acres are located
outside the reservoir pool. The MW-01 site will create 8.61 acres of wetlands and restore 6.01
acres of wetlands, which will include filling 10.71 acres, grading 1.31 acres and connecting 2.60
acres of grazed pasture wetland to forested wetland. The creation of 8.61 acres of wetland will
result from filling 7.3 acres of uplands located within the project site and grading an additional
1.31 acres of upland located outside the project boundary. Wetland restoration consists of filling
1.89 acres of federally jurisdictional wetland and 1.52 acres of isolated wetland and planting of
2.6 acres of wet pasture located outside of the proposed reservoir pool will be planted. The 1.52
acre isolated wetland will be connected to the surrounding federally jurisdictional wetlands and
will no longer be isolated. Both the ACOE and DWQ have granted separate credits for the
restoration activities that will to occur on these 1.52 acres.
15
Figure 5. Photograph of existing conditions at Mitigation
Wetland-01, Chatham County, North Carolina.
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ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION RLVI51UN5
1 FOR THE 1 , Hobbs, Upchurch & Associates, P.A. SYM. DESCRIPTION DATE BY
TOWN OF SILER CITY Consulting Engineers
`c CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHERN PINES, NC - CHARLOTTE; NC
(n m NAGS HEAD. NC - RALEIGH, NC PRELUNAfI l Go 03 o N MITIGATION WETLAND-01 WRTLE BEACH SC - BEAUFORT, SC
$ EXISTING LAND USES 300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
Phone: [phone] - Fox: [phone]
16

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232B2= Georgeville silty clay loam, 2-6% slot

Figure 7. Mitigation Wetland-01: Soil map units for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
1Y -E
Prepared By: 5
June 6, 2005 Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Southern Pines, North Carolina Scale 1:2000
17
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ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION
FOR THE
Upchurch & Associates, P.A.
Hobbs
• R-1-1 J
DESCRIPTION
DATE
BY
,
lti
E
i
C
TOWN OF SILER CITY onsu
ng
ng
neers
`c CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHERN P#= NC - C94RLOTM NC
(a m NAGS HEAD. NC -RALEIGH, NC PFELMYpIV1fl1
m o m AnRnE BEACH, SC - BEMJFVRL SC
MITIGATION WETLAND-01
North Carolina 26367
Broad Street
Southern Pines
300 S
W
EXISTING VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES ,
,
.
.
Phone: [phone] - Fox: [phone]
18
The fill material for MW-O1 will be obtained from adjacent areas mostly within the
proposed reservoir boundary and existing wetland soils will be stockpiled for use as topsoil
(Figure 9). The 1.31 acre portion of MW-01 that is currently above grade will also be utilized as
a fill source. Final elevations within the mitigation site will range between 540.6 and 541.3 feet
above MSL, with a maximum elevation of 1 foot above the proposed reservoir's normal pool
(540.3 MSL) (Figure 10). Site specific grading plans are shown in Figure 10. The 2.6 acre
pasture wetland north of the constructed wetland will not be filled, graded or otherwise have its
soils manipulated. It will be used for vegetative restoration only and will be planted with
hydrophytic tree species.
The hydrology for the constructed portion of MW-01 will come from several sources.
First, the reservoir pool will be hydrologically connected to the northwestern and southeastern
portions of the mitigation site (Figure 4). Additionally, a new channel will be created that will
run the length of the mitigation site from northwest to southeast (Figure 6). This channel will
have a near zero grade and will be a conveyance that is filled with water at the normal reservoir
pool level. Due to the lack of grade, there will be no stream channel design and no mitigation
credit will be requested. In addition, the braided stream channel that enters the mitigation site
from the northeast (Figure 6) will be restored to the point where it connects with the created
channel described above. It will be constructed to approximately match the grade of its source
tributary in order to maintain flow into the reservoir (Figure 11). No mitigation credit will be
involved with this activity.
The 2.6 acre wetland, currently a livestock pasture, is located north of the constructed

n

wetland outside of the proposed reservoir pool boundary. However, it is directly linked to MW-
01. This site will be restored to a forested wetland by planting woody hydrophytic vegetation.
This area will become part of the reservoir buffer making the buffer greater than 100 feet wide at
this location. An additional 50 feet of buffer will be added to the north and east sides of this site
in order to ensure that the restoration area is protected. Livestock will be excluded from the
restoration itself is protected area by fencing.
MW-01 will be planted with native wetland plants. The target vegetative community is
the Piedmont Alluvial Forest with areas of Floodplain Pool and emergent wetland. The forest
community will be created by planting hydrophytic species such as river birch, sycamore,
hackberry, sweetgum, green ash and tulip poplar. The tree saplings will be planted using
19
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REVISIONS
m 2 $ 4 ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION

P
A
church & Associates
, Hobbs
U
SYM.

DESCRIPTION

DATE

BY
m FOR THE ,
.
.
,
p
TOWN OF SILER CITY Consulting Engineers
CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHERN
PINES,
NC "C
C
PRELIMINARY
U) HE4D
NC
- RALEIGH,
CO 01 m o m m MYRTLE BEACH, SC - BEAUFORT, SC
w F N°o MITIGATION WETLAND-01 North Carolina 28387
Southern Pines
Broad Street
300 S
W
u BORROW AREAS #1 AND #2 ,
,
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.
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
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ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION REVISIONS
FOR THE Hobbs, Upchurch & Associates, P.A. SYM• DESCRIPTION DATE BY
TOWN OF SILER CITY Consulting Engineers
c CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHERN PINE'S. NC - I?NRLOTT& NC
C) uDi m NAG'S HEAD, NC - RALEIGH, NO PREUMP AW
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GRADING PLAN Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
21
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ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION REVISIONS
FOR THE Hobbs, Upchurch & Associates, P.A. SYM. DESCRIPTION DATE BY
TOWN OF SILER CITY Consulting Engineers
`c CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA SOUTHERN PIME% NC - CHARLOTTE. NC
CD o m m HAGS HEAD. NC - RALEIGH, NC f f1GL.11111pV1f1
-? o 0 0 No MYRTLE REACH, SC - BEAUFORT, SC
Z g STREAM CHANNEL DESIGN 300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
22
I 0x10 foot spacing (or less), with at least 435 trees per acre, and will be fertilized in their first
and second years. Herbaceous species such as soft rush (Juncus effusus), woolgrass (Scirpus
cyperinus) and sedges (Carex spp.) will colonize the pool and marsh communities.
Mitigation Wetland-02
MW-02 consists of 5.50 acres, 5.40 acres of upland
and 0.10 acre of wetland, within the Rocky River Lower
Reservoir project boundary. The general location of MW-
02 is shown in Figure 5. This area will be flooded as a
result of the proposed project. It is currently being used for
agriculture (Figure 12) with narrow strips of hardwood
trees along 3 drainage ditches.
Elevation ranges from 536 to 542 feet above MSL. The site is bordered to the north by
agricultural
land, to the east by upland hardwood forest and pasture, to the west by agricultural land and the
Rocky River and to the south by SR 1312. Figure 13 shows existing land use and topography.
Soils are mapped as the Wickham, Wahee and Georgeville series (Figure 14) (USDAa

0

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unpublished). Historically, the predominant plant community on the site was probably Dry-
Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest. The mitigation site has been significantly altered from its historical
community type by conversion to agricultural use. Figure 15 depicts the existing vegetative
communities at MW-02.
The proposed mitigation will fill 5.5 acres within the reservoir boundary. The fill
material will be obtained from adjacent areas within the proposed reservoir (Figure 16). Final
elevations within the mitigation site will vary between 540.6 and 541.3 feet MSL, with a
maximum elevation of 1 foot above the proposed reservoir's normal pool (540.3 MSL). Site
specific grading plans are provided in Figure 17. Hydrology will be provided by waters of the
adjacent reservoir and existing hillside groundwater discharge. Ditches on the site will be
blocked with impervious clay plugs (Figure 18).
The mitigation site will be planted with native wetland plants. The target vegetative
community is the Piedmont Alluvial Forest with areas of Floodplain Pool and emergent wetland.
23
Figure 12. Photograph of existing conditions at
Mitigation Wetland-02, Chatham
Cnnnty Nnrth Cnrnlins
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EXISTING LAND USES 300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]

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24

Figure 14. Mitigation Wetland-02: Soil map units for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project Chatham County, North Carolina.
R' .E
Prepared By:
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc. S
June 6, 2005 Southern Pines, North Carolina Scale 1:2000
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MITIGATION WETLAND-02
MYRtLE BEACH, SC - MUFORT, SC
N GRADING PLAN 300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
28
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The forest community will be created by planting woody hydrophytic species such as river birch,
sycamore, hackberry, green ash and tulip poplar. Herbaceous species such as soft rush,
woolgrass and sedges will colonize the pool and marsh communities. Saplings will be planted
using 10x10 foot spacing (or less), with at least 435 trees per acre, and will be fertilized in their
first and second years.
Off-site Wetland Mitigation
The 9.08 acre Randolph County property purchased by the Town will provide wetland
preservation and enhancement. Wetland preservation and enhancement along this part of the
Rocky River may help improve water quality downstream. Table 6 lists the proposed off-site
wetland mitigation activities. A detailed discussion of these activities follows.
Table 6. Proposed off-site wetland mitigation for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion
project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
Proposed Wetland Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation to Mitigation Acreage
Activity Acreage Impact Ratio Credit
Wetland Enhancement - Randolph 3.23 4:1 0.81
Count
Wetland Preservation - Randolph 0.30 10:1 0.03
Count
Total 3.53 0.84
Randolph County Mitigation Site
' The Randolph County mitigation site (Parcel
No. 8735049459) is located 2 miles south of Liberty at
' the intersection of US Highway 421 and NC Highway
49 along the Rocky River near the Chatham-Randolph
' County line. (Figure 3 and 19). The proposed wetland
enhancement and preservation involves 3.53 acres of
' the 9.08 acre tract. The tract is bordered to the north by
open wetland, to the south by pasture, to the east by
' hardwood forest and to the west by US Highway 421
(Figure 20).

30
Figure 20: Photograph of existing conditions at the
mitigation site in Randolph County, N C

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Figure 19. General location of the off-site mitigation property in Randolph County (Parcel No.
8735049459), North Carolina, Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project,
Chatham County, North Carolina.
Prepared By: Site Location Q
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
June 6, 2005 Southern Pines, North Carolina
31
Soils on the mitigation site are mapped as the Wehadkee and Vance series (Figure 21)
(USDA(a) unpublished). Historically, plant communities probably included Mesic Mixed
Hardwood Forest and Piedmont Alluvial Forest. These communities have been altered by fire
and beaver (Castor canadensis) activity that have allowed exotic plant species to invade. As
shown in Figure 20, this site is currently dominated by hydrophytic vegetation including vermin
grass, Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum), soft rush,
blackberry (Rubus sp.), black willow (Salix nigra) and sweetgum saplings. Remnants of the
native community types exist along the edges of the wetland. Figure 3 shows the existing
vegetative communities on the property.
The entire 9.08 acre property, including 3.53 acres of jurisdictional wetlands, will be
preserved in perpetuity through the deed restrictions. Of the jurisdictional wetlands acreage,
3.23 acres are non-forested and will be enhanced by planting river birch, black willow, green ash
and tulip poplar (a minimum of 435 trees per acre).
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Fringe Wetlands
Many of the wetlands to be impacted by the proposed project are narrow fringe wetlands
around the existing reservoir. Fringe wetlands protect water quality, protect and stabilize
shorelines and provide habitat for fish and wildlife. Based on topography and landscape
position, it is anticipated that wetland fringe will naturally form around portions of the new
reservoir just as is has formed around the existing reservoir. Approximately 3.5 acres of fringe
wetlands are projected to develop that will be similar to those impacted.
Wetland Preservation/Enhancement within 100-foot Reservoir Buffer
Existing wetlands within the proposed 100-foot buffer will be preserved in perpetuity

L
through deed restrictions. The 100-foot wide buffer surrounding the reservoir will prevent any
future activities from impacting wetlands therein. The preservation of forested wetlands (0.15
acres) and enhancement (revegetation) of nonforested wetlands (0.16 acres) within the 100-foot
buffer are not included as mitigation. These measures are expected to enhance water quality and
wildlife habitat.
32

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57C=Vane sandy loam, 8-15 /o slopes
Figure 21. Soil map for the Randolph County mitigation property (Parcel No. 8735049459),
North Carolina, Rocky River Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham County,
North Carolina
Site Location
June 6, 2005 Prepared By:
Dr. J.H. Carter, III & Associates, Inc.
33
Stream Enhancement within the 100-foot Reservoir Buffer
Approximately 225 linear feet of non-forested streams within the proposed reservoir's
100-foot buffer will be revegetated with river birch, tulip poplar, green ash and sycamore as part
of the management of the 100-foot buffer. This enhancement activity will not generate mitigation
credits for the project. The locations of these streams are shown in Figure 22.
Stream Preservation within the 100-foot Reservoir Buffer
Approximately 324 linear feet of forested stream channel within the reservoir's 100-foot
buffer will be preserved. This preservation activity will not generate mitigation credits for the
project. The locations of these streams are shown in Figure 22.
Replanting uplands within the 100-foot Reservoir Buffer
Approximately 35 acres of uplands within the proposed 100-foot buffer are currently
being used as pasture or cropland. These areas will be plowed and disked and replanted with
appropriate upland tree and shrub species.
OTHER INFORMATION
100-foot Buffer Encroachments
There are several existing structures in areas that are part of the proposed reservoir pool
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or its 100-foot buffer. These structures include powerline easements, roads, a building and a
small dam. Each of these encroachments existed within the footprint of the proposed reservoir
and/or within the proposed 100-foot buffer prior to development of the reservoir plan. Each of
the encroachments presents an exception to the 100-foot vegetated buffer. Some of these
encroachments are unvegetated and others have vegetation within them that is manipulated as
part of their use. Following are descriptions of each encroachment and its current and proposed
vegetative condition (Figures 23a and 23b).
1) Electric transmission line easements: These electric transmission lines cross the reservoir
and its 100-foot buffer (Figure 23a and 23b). These lines are operated and maintained by
Progress Energy. All of the transmission line encroachments are in the central portion of the
reservoir and 2 of the 3 encroachments are perpendicular crossings of the reservoir. The
34

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Enhancement
- -----------
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Preservation
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- Perennial Streams
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- Ephemeral
® Existing
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Forest
Pasture
100 foot buffer
Figure 22. Location of on-site stream channel enhancement and preservation within the 100-foot buffer. Rocky River Lower Reservoir
expansion project, Chatham County, North Carolina.
N
Prepared By: W E
0 75 150 300 Feet Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
I_ f I I I I I I I Southern Pines, North Carolina June 6. 2005 S
35
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2005
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Prepared by:
Dr. J.H. Carter III &
Associates, Inc.
Match Line Figure 23a
Proposed 100-foot buffer
Proposed normal pool
Existing Rocky River
23b. Encroachments within the 100-foot buffer of the Rocky
River Lower Reservoir expansion project, Chatham
County, North Carolina.
37

remaining encroachment runs parallel to the reservoir as it gradually crosses the reservoir from
north to south (northwest by southeast).
The Town is in the process of negotiating with Progress Energy for the removal or
relocation of transmission line poles from the proposed reservoir pool and the 100-foot buffer.
The transmission line rights-of-way will continue to exist as spanned crossings of the reservoir
and its 100-foot buffer.
Herbaceous vegetation, shrubs and small trees currently exist in the power line rights-of-
way and will continue to exist after the completion of the reservoir project. Progress Energy
mows the vegetation to prevent trees from growing large enough to interfere with the overhead
utility lines and to keep shrubs from becoming so dense that maintenance access to the utility
lines is difficult. There is, however, sufficient vegetation present within right-of-way to prevent
erosion, slow stormwater flows and capture sediments from surface runoff.
2) Roads - There are 2 types of road encroachments; private access roads and State roads. There
is currently I private access road and 2 State roads that encroach upon the proposed reservoir and
its 100-foot buffer. The private access road is on the western side of the reservoir approximately
in the center of the site. The access road currently crosses a portion of the proposed reservoir
and its 100-foot buffer that protrudes to the west. This crossing will be moved outside of the
reservoir and its 100-foot buffer and will no longer be an encroachment. The area of the current
road within the buffer will be revegetated. The remaining portion of the existing access road will
be flooded by the proposed pool.
State Route 1355 crosses the reservoir in the northernmost portion of the site and SR
1312 crosses the middle portion of the reservoir. Both road crossings are perpendicular to the
reservoir and will be left in place and maintained by the NC Department of Transportation
r NCDOT). Both crossings are impervious surfaces of asphalt and concrete which are void of
vegetation. The existing bridges will not be altered as a result of this project.
3) Buildings - One building exists within the project boundary. It is a small cabin on the
western side of the reservoir. It is not located within the proposed pool area, however, it is
within the 100-foot buffer. The cabin will remain in place and an area totaling 0.12 acre will be
38
excluded from the 100-foot buffer. A 30 foot wide buffer will exist between the cabin and the
expanded reservoir.
t 4) Clapp Lake Dam - Clapp Lake is a small, man-made lake located in the south-central portion
of the project site on the western side of the proposed reservoir. The lake's dam is located less
than 100 feet from the proposed reservoir pool; the lake itself is outside the project boundary.
The buffer around the expanded reservoir will not be 100 feet in this area, but will extend to the
toe of the slope of the dam. The Town currently holds a 99- year lease on the lake and the dam.
The dam must be kept free of debris and vegetation for safety and function, and thus will be
¦ excluded from the 100-foot buffer.
MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Reference Forest Ecosystem
A reference forest ecosystem (RFE) has been located for MW-01 and MW-02. The site
is located on Fox Lake adjacent to the Rocky River Lower Reservoir and is owned by the Town
(Figure 24). The vegetative community of this site is Piedmont Alluvial Forest. JCA is in the
i
process of characterizing the RFE and will install 1 10x10 meter vegetation monitoring plot and
1 groundwater monitoring well (1) in conjunction with the establishment of the monitoring plots
I
j and wells within the on-site mitigation plots.
' On-site Wetland Mitigation Sites
Both wetland mitigation sites will be monitored for a period of 5 years or until the
success criteria have been met (see below), whichever is longer. Within MW-01 and MW-02,
¦
monitoring wells will be placed in the areas of highest elevation on the site to ensure hydrologic
success criteria are being met throughout the site. As shown in Figures 25 and 26, 9 monitoring
¦ wells will be placed in MW-01 and 5 monitoring wells will be placed in MW-02. Electronic
monitoring wells will record water levels daily and be downloaded every 2-3 months.
?1,t each mitigation site, vegetation will be characterized by species, prevalence and
percent cover each year during the 5-year (or longer) monitoring period. Eight 10x10 meter
vegetation plots will be established at MW-OI with 5 1Ox10 meter vegetation plots at MW-02
¦
39
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Lower Reservoir wetland mitigation sites, Chatham County, North Carolina.
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300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
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ROCKY RIVER LOWER RESERVOIR EXPANSION REVISIONS
FOR THE Hobbs
Upchurch & Associates
PA. ' SYM. DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DATE' BY
TOWN OF SILER CITY ,
,
Consulting Engineers
`c CHATHAM COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
, SOWHERN PINES, NC _ CK4RLOtt& NC
N m NAGS HEAD, NC - RALEIGH, NC
MYRTLE BEACH
SC - BEAUFOR
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V? = 0 ? 0 N MITIGATION WETLAND-02 ,
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MONITORING PLAN 300 S.W. Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]

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42
(Figures 25 and 26). Vegetation monitoring will occur in late summer or early fall before leaf
drop.
Tree sapling survival will be monitored each year. All mitigation sites will be transected
annually and dead saplings will be replaced during the 5-year monitoring period or until the
success criteria are met.
Soil samples will be taken when monitoring begins and each year thereafter and
examined for hydric soil and wetland hydrology characteristics.
Off-site Wetland Mitigation in Randolph County
Tree sapling survival within the Randolph County wetland enhancement area (3.23 acres)
will be monitored every year. The site will be transected annually and dead saplings will be
replaced during the 5-year or longer monitoring period.
Off-site Stream Preservation in Randolph County
Approximately 2,660 linear feet of stream channel will be preserved on the Randolph

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County property. Stream channel characteristics and/or stability will be checked annually.
Wetland and Stream Channel Enhancement and Preservation within the 100-foot
Reservoir Buffer
Although these activities will not generate mitigation credits for the project, the sites will
be monitored for 5 years. All enhancement areas will be transected annually and dead saplings
will be replaced during the 5-year monitoring period.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
Wetland Hydrology
The success criteria for wetland hydrology will be met when hydrology in the
restored/created wetlands meet the minimum criteria as specified in the 1987 ACOE Wetland
Delineation Manual (ACOE 1987) for a jurisdictional wetland. Criteria for wetland hydrology
are met when the areas are inundated or saturated within 12 inches of the surface continuously
for at least 12 percent of the growing season (approximately 32 days) under normal rainfall.
Under drought conditions (as designated by the NC Drought Monitoring Council), the sites must
43
be inundated or saturated within 12 inches of the surface continuously for at least 5 percent of
the growing season (approximately 13 days). The growing season for Chatham County runs
from early March to late November (approximately 265 days). In general, success will
emphasize establishment of wetland hydrology similar to that present in the RFE. Soil samples
will be collected and characterized when monitoring begins and each year thereafter. Hydric soil
and wetland hydrology characteristics will be documented.
Hydric Soils
Hydric soils indicators include the presence of organic soils, histic epipedons, sulfidic
material, an aquic or peraquic moisture regime, direct evidence of reducing conditions, gleyed,
low chroma and low chroma/mottled soils, and iron and manganese concretions. Appropriate
soil characteristics will be compared to hydric soils present with the RFE. Depending on soil
type and structure, site hydrology with the mitigation area and rainfall, hydric soil characteristics
may or may not be met in a specific area during the monitoring period. If the desired wetland
hydrology criteria are met, but hydric soil characteristics are not yet evident, the future formation
of hydric soils will be assumed.
Wetland Vegetation and Survival
Success criteria for vegetation will be met when at least 260 trees/acre of the approved
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planted species have survived for at least 5 years on at least 23.35 acres. Volunteers of desirable
species will be counted towards the 260 trees/acre. Herbaceous vegetation such as soft rush and
sedges are expected to naturally revegetate the mitigation sites. In general, success will
emphasize establishment of hydrophytic vegetation similar to that present in the RFE. The final
living numbers for planted species may deviate 10 percent from the initial planted numbers for
75 percent of the planted species and still be considered successful. The remaining 25 percent of
planted species may deviate more than 10 percent and still be considered successful.
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REPORTING
Wetland Mitigation Sites
An as-built report will be submitted to the ACOE and DWQ after the mitigation sites are
constructed. The as-built report will include final elevations, a map of planted trees/shrubs
including location and number planted, vegetation sample plot and monitoring well locations and
photographic reference points.
An annual report will be submitted to the ACOE and DWQ by 31 January of each year
I

during the 5-year (or longer) monitoring period. Annual reports will include a plot of the
groundwater elevations in the mitigation sites and reference area, vegetation plot and water level
monitoring data and photographs of each monitoring plot. Results of the annual site pedestrian
surveys will be reported. All data collected during the monitoring period will be summarized
and the acreage of successful and unsuccessful mitigation will be documented.
Stream Mitigation Sites
Information from the Randolph County stream channel preservation site will be reported
in the annual report for the 5-year (or longer) monitoring period. Annual reports will include
photographs of representative sections of stream channel and information on coverage and
survival of planted and natural vegetation.
CONTINGENCY PLANS
All aspects of the mitigation plan will be closely monitored throughout the 5-year (or
longer) monitoring period and management actions or site adjustments will be made to ensure
success.
Volunteers of undesirable or exotic plant species and/or animal damage may affect the
survival and growth of planted trees in the mitigation sites. As needed, undesirable or exotic
species will be control of manually, mechanically or with herbicides. Relevant State and Federal
regulations will be followed if herbicides are used. Depredation of planted vegetation by
animals will be monitored. Depending on the species, protective measures may include
controlling water levels, direct control of animals (trapping or shooting) and/or using predator
guards on seedlings.
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' Other adjustments could include planting the same or additional hydrophytic species,
modifications to hydrology sources to increase or decrease hydroperiods and soil saturation/
inundation, regrading of specific areas and other actions.
' If during the monitoring period, a site(s) appears to be failing or unsuccessful after
adjustments have been made, the Town will consult the ACOE and DWQ.

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REFERENCES

I
Dr. J.H. Carter III and Associates. 2004. Draft Wetland and Stream Channel Mitigation Plan
for the Rocky River Lower Reservoir Expansion, Chatham County, North Carolina.
Report prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and North Carolina Division
of Water Quality. 43 pp.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality,
Water Quality Section-Planning Branch. 2003. North Carolina Water Quality
Assessment and Impaired Waters List (2002 Integrated 305b and 303d Report). Raleigh,
North Carolina.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North
Carolina, third approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
U S Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetland delineation manual, Technical
Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
U S Army Corps of Engineers. 2002. Regulatory Guidance Letter. Guidance on Compensatory
Mitigation Projects. No. 02-2.
U S Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (a). Unpublished Soil
Survey for Randolph County, North Carolina.
U S Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (b). Unpublished Soil
Survey for Chatham County, North Carolina.
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