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Home My WebLink About20000008 Ver 1_Complete File_20000321 "6//ice fox 2522 Wdnusu? , A"IA Vai&&w 284102 28403 March 13, 2006 TO: Mr. John Dorney NC Division of Water Quality 1621 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1621 RE: Mason Inlet Relocation Project - DWQ#2000-0008 Biological Monitoring Plan Dear John: AA~: 940-4552-0004 jax: 940-452-0060 .41" .nd MA9 2 1 2006 Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is in receipt of your recent letter to Mr. Greg Thompson of New Hanover County regarding the Biological Monitoring Plan for the Mason Inlet Relocation Project. As you noted, LMG has submitted annual biological monitoring reports summarizing habitat conditions in the vicinity of the inlet from December 2002 (pre-project) through December 2005 (Year 3 post-project). The protocol used for the production of these reports is based upon the Biological Monitoring Plan originally developed in 2000. This plan was subsequently incorporated into the Inlet Management Plan that was provided as Appendix P in the final project Environmental Assessment (April 2000). Your office provided comments on the Biological Monitoring Plan in a letter dated July 17, 2000. LMG and Applied Technology & Management (ATM) provided a response to your comments via a letter dated January 8, 2001. The review and comments from your office (together with comments from other state and federal agencies) culminated in the Inlet Management Plan and included in the final EA. The Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) was subsequently issued. In addition, the protocol for the monitoring is detailed in the Pre-Construction Biological Monitoring Report (May 2002) under Section 2.0, Methodology. Attached is a copy of the Biological Monitoring Plan developed prior to pre-construction monitoring. I hope that this information, together with the timeline outlined above is of assistance. Please let us know if there is any additional information that we may be able to provide. Should you have further questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me via email (cpreziosighngroup.net) or phone (910.452.0001). Sincerely, Land Management Group, Inc. k it !dl Christian A. Preziosi Wetland Section Manager CC. Greg Thompson, New Hanover County Noelle Lutheran, NC DWQ - Wilmington MASON INLET RELOCATION PROJECT BIOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Goal: The goal of the biological monitoring program is to determine if there is a significant difference between pre-construction and post-construction conditions for specific parameters sampled annually in tidal marsh, intertidal sand flat, and barrier island beachfront (i.e. intertidal surf zone) habitats located within and adjacent to the project area. These data, in conjunction with data collected from supplemental monitoring programs, will help to document any potential impact to habitats resulting from project activities. 1.2 General Scope: Pre- and post-construction monitoring will assess primary productivity, benthic infaunal abundance and composition, substrate texture/organic content, and macroinvertebrate densities (beachfront only). Quantitative and qualitative sampling will yield information to be used to determine if any deleterious effects may be attributable to the inlet relocation project. The extent to which monitoring parameters will be affected depends on various physical conditions (e.g. the character of the dredged material, tidal and current regimes, etc.). Therefore, concurrent physical monitoring will be referenced in future biological monitoring reports. In addition, unit area (acre or square feet) of intertidal habitat type gain and/or loss will be quantified and reported in annual reports. Concurrent monitoring conducted by LTNC-Wilmington will provide more detailed information related to waterbird utilization and water quality (pre- and post-construction). Specifically, Dr. David Webster (LTNCW - Biological Sciences) will be overseeing the piping plover monitoring that will include supplemental information regarding avifaunal habitat utilization. Dr. Mike Mallin (UNCW- Center for Marine Science) will be overseeing the water quality monitoring program that will include sampling of five stations located within Banks Channel, Mason Creek, and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW). These monitoring programs will be directed independently of the biological monitoring detailed in this document. However, annual biological monitoring reports will reference the piping plover and water quality monitoring and will include pertinent data and/or conclusions derived from these programs. In addition, information generated from the Wilmington Harbor Project Monitoring Program will be discussed as it relates to the findings of this project. Monitoring efforts will provide quantitative information to determine if pre-construction conditions (sampled in December 2001) are significantly different from post-construction conditions (sampled annually thereafter for a period of three years). Results from concurrent monitoring programs will help to determine if any observed changes may be attributable to project activities. 2.0 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY The biological monitoring program will be conducted in three principle habitat types: (1) Intertidal Marsh (adjacent to Mason Creek) (2) Intertidal Sand Flat (adjacent to proposed sedimentation basin; near existing and proposed inlet) (3) Intertidal Surf Zone (barrier island beachfront). Sampling protocols for each habitat type are provided in the following. text. 2.1 Intertidal Marsh (adjacent to Mason Creek): 2.1.1 Monitoring Parameters Selection of monitoring parameters has been based upon those factors potentially impacted by project activities and those readily sampled and evaluated. The following monitoring parameters have been identified: (1) Spartina stem density (2) Mature (>30 cm height) Spartina stem height (3) Percent sand, silt, and clay of surface substrate (4) Percent organic content of surface substrate (4) Sedimentation rate (5) Benthic infaunal abundance and species composition (6) Distance (ft) loss or gain of intertidal marsh habitat at transect locations. These parameters, while traditionally viewed as representative indicators of marsh habitat structure and function, require less intensive and less frequent sampling than other biotic or chemical indices. At the time of sampling, presence or observable evidence of other faunal species utilizing the area will be noted. 2.1.2 Field Sampling Protocol Sampling efforts will focus on the area of potential impact where biota and physical conditions (e.g. soil texture) are most likely affected by project activities and associated perturbations such as altered flooding regime and sedimentation. Any perturbations to 2 tidal marsh will manifest in system responses distributed linearly from Mason Creek. Therefore, three permanent 300-foot monitoring transects will be established along a roughly perpendicular axis on each side of Mason Creek (totaling six transects). Five permanent stations along each transect (located 5, 50, 100, 150 and 300 feet away from the marsh edge along Mason Creek) will be established prior to the initiation of the project. One-meter square quadrats at each station will be sampled for stem density and height of S. alterniflora. The station located furthest from Mason Creek (300 ft) will serve as the control plot for each transect. (Refer to the enclosed map depicting monitoring transects and plots.) Sediments will be characterized according to percent sand/silt/clay and percent organic matter. One sample will be collected at each of the fixed stations (5, 50, 100, and 150, and 300-ft plots). Metal rebar installed flush with the sediment surface prior to project construction will used to evaluate sediment deposition and/or loss over time for each plot. Rebar will be located with a metal detector during annual monitoring events. Notched PVC pipe will be used as a supplemental method of evaluating sediment accretion and/or loss. Biological monitoring will include a benthic infaunal survey. Three replicates of 15 cm- deep cores (10 cm diameter) will be sampled at three observation points (i.e. at 5', 150', and 300' from creek edge) along three of the six transects. Sampling the three transects once annually (coinciding with other biological sampling) will yield a total 27 samples to be analyzed each year. The replicates will be located 10 ft from the permanent vegetative quadrat at a randomly-generated bearing. Individual core samples will be transferred to sample bags and labeled. All samples will be transferred to the lab for fixing (using 10% formalin solution). Samples will be sieved through a 0.5 mm screen mesh to separate infauna from sediment and vegetative material. Benthic infaunal organisms will be identified to the lowest reliable taxonomic level. A species list of infaunal organisms utilizing the marsh substrate will be provided in each monitoring report. Species richness and abundance will be calculated from these data. Each survey will incorporate photographic documentation depicting site conditions along each transect corridor. During each monitoring period, close-up and panoramic views will be photographed at designated stations. 2.1.3 Data Analysis Pre-dredging and the post-dredging mean values of each parameter will be statistically compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)/paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals will be used to determine statistically significant differences of means (means will be significantly different if confidence intervals do not overlap). Proximal and/or distal changes (if any) in sedimentation rates, stem density and/or stem height will also be statistically determined. 2.2 Intertidal Sand Flat: Four permanent monitoring stations have been located on each side of the proposed sedimentation basin at a distance >50 ft from the edge of the basin. Each of the monitoring parameters identified above will be sampled at each of these stations. Stem density (if applicable); stem height (if applicable); percent sand/silt/clay and percent organic matter; sedimentation rate (post-construction); and benthic infauna will be sampled and/or recorded at each station. At the time of sampling, the presence or observable evidence of other faunal species will be noted. Three replicates of 15 cm-deep cores will be sampled for benthic infauna at each of the four stations. Benthic infaunal sampling at these stations will be conducted using the protocol outlined above. In addition, metal rebar will be installed flushed to the substrate surface to monitor sediment erosion and or accretion over time. Monitoring will include four additional monitoring stations to be located within intertidal sand flat habitat near the existing and proposed inlet locations. Two of the four stations will be permanent plots to be sampled during each monitoring event. The other two stations will be temporary (sampled once prior to project initiation) since these are located near the existing inlet throat and will be converted to supratidal elevations upon completion of the project. At each of the four supplemental stations, three replicates of 15 cm-deep cores will be sampled for benthic infuana. Metal rebar will be installed flushed to the substrate surface to monitor sediment erosion and or accretion over time at the two permanent stations. Refer to the enclosed map depicting the location of the intertidal sand flat monitoring stations. 2.3 Intertidal Surf Zone: Numeric sampling of the mole crab and coquina clam populations occurring between mean high water and mean low water will be conducted along twelve transects located within the planned Figure Eight Island nourishment area, the Figure Eight Island beach 1.2 miles north of the nourishment area, and the beach south of the nourishment area to the south end of physical monitoring Cell 5 on Wrightsville Beach (refer to attached map). The locations of these transects reflect areas of beachfront nourished during different time periods. For instance, the northernmost section of beach to be monitored on Figure Eight Island has not been nourished since 1996. Areas of northern Wrightsville Beach have not experienced any beach nourishment. Monitoring will therefore encompass a range of nourishment conditions along the beachfront. Transects located outside of the planned nourishment area will serve as controls. Four replicates will be sampled at three locations (low, mid, and high) of the swash zone during each sampling event. Therefore, at total of twelve samples will be collected at each transect. A 15 cm-deep core (10 cm in diameter) will be used to sample mole crabs and coquina clams. Each core will be sieved at the time of sampling using a 3-4mm mesh box sieve. All individuals will be counted and recorded. 4 Due to the seasonally-induced paucity of data collected during the required pre- construction sampling event (conducted in December 2001), an additional sampling event will be conducted during April/May 2002 immediately after the completion of the beach nourishment. Subsequent monitoring of beachfront macroinvertebrates will occur annually to coincide with that time of year. It is expected that beach nourishment will have an acute impact on infaunal communities. Therefore, annual sampling will provide data demonstrating repopulation of these areas over time. Data collected from transects within the nourishment area will be compared to control transects to evaluate the extent of population regeneration. Control transects are located in areas that have not experienced beach nourishment since 1996. During sampling, project scientists will make note of any birds present within an approximate 50-ft distance of the sampling transect. This supplemental information will be provided within each monitoring report. 3.0 MONITORING SCHEDULE Sampling for baseline pre-construction conditions was conducted in December, 2001 prior to project initiation. Post-construction monitoring of the intertidal marsh and sand flats will occur once annually at the end of each growing season (i.e. in November of each year). Sampling will occur within the intertidal surf zone after completion of the beach nourishment and annually thereafter to evaluate mole crab and coquina clam population regeneration over time. Annual monitoring will continue for life of the permit or until such time deemed necessary by relevant federal and/or state agencies. 4.0 REPORT DOCUMENTATION Monitoring reports documenting site conditions and findings will be prepared and submitted annually to the Division of Coastal Management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the NC Division of Water Quality, and the NC Wildlife Resources Commission by May 1St. The following information will be provided in each report: (1) Project overview (2) Site parameters monitored (3) GPS coordinates of sampling transects and/or stations (3) Methodology used to evaluate monitoring parameters (4) Data analysis (5) Summary of findings (6) Prints of photographs at specified stations (7) Maps depicting location of transects and sampling plots (8) Aerial photographs depicting conditions (i.e. shifts in habitat) pre- and post- construction. 5 Aerial photographs and physical data (e.g. topographic surveys) will be used to determine shifts in habitat type. Monitoring reports will include a discussion of these alterations and potential affects on resident/migratory fauna. Findings of the biological monitoring program will be provided in each report. In addition, results and/or summaries of concurrent monitoring programs (e.g. physical monitoring, piping plover monitoring, and water quality monitoring) will be provided. Monitoring efforts will be coordinated among each program (i.e. water quality monitoring, bird monitoring, etc.) to ensure consistency in mapping and report documentation. 6 APPENDIX A. MAPS DEPICTING LOCATION OF SAMPLING TRANSECTS/STATIONS tFT-1 ? m MT44* V .?I TRO? All wk7IR I I ??- I AY m m MT3 L•- m ? Itt ,t MT2* MTV r t MT1 MT6*,; TOWNA f I ]F I SBCH m MI-8 lo•v o S 2 : . ( MlII EEL I N ? 4 @ I p FlGURE81SlAN RF1 ON MI-4 Q) j SoNm ` au i I, AY-A-2 a - L -? U I iDOp' ByLf NI-2 C- loan MASON IN (EXISTINI 6°07? uia. I EMI N . v; z5v pY-6-3 - 3 v DR DGE T -12 (NGYDJ (" y - szam 815.36 n' Io loo - n n 366.18 25o. ?? ? m n I u a C, 0 8 , 8 I ? O O N c *TRANSECTS INCLUDING INFAUNAL SAMPLING CID BANKS CHANNEL 51715 ? 1J l5 ? '= Z L ?? U z MAR 2 12006 <? DENR • WATER QUALITY WETLANDS AND STORMWATER c zh ?c vz F0 LEGEND r p ----- wro osm GDE moowr N C?-wml DgIN]M' o60DE EI=nm vommDR 86119 PROPOSED 1049 Lp T,61 iN-3 mTdr*cm wwLy Twa= If( 11]9Aor OE9OM11'81,o BE mwmm 11+x- AL m;w Bca s -wE uIX _- e a c C r[ y yn N o soa Scale in Feet J z z < 0 co m LL LL J. z z Q CID FIGURE 8 IS ?= w LAND z r,? li f,?L1 U Z ATV-&5'?--?? AN-B-6 1]' U U? } Q I _n G I V I Z I w + - 1?3aa d I z1D.h o I ?o z O? ?U ?? p06 Z Zz c u? 0 Z ,?° z uZ e? L" G a a WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH y g , UM BEAZH ° °??o 8 8 ?orco 7o 0 m m ? . oar @ '?" °. a C L 0 -E 0 S-2 w - .. soar r ? ° ?m nooe'. ro 1 iooo• vu iooa• m MASON IN 8 ¢ S00' wo' ( (EXISTING) " I o ? Iy W ? 8 8 '? fA 8 Z z W 0 Co Q Q i T1 T T LL E- T Z Co _ g J r a. CL ci (7 Q z -0 o LLI f Q ? Z 47 r7 ? ~ J LU G Np U j N z -- -- m?arK,anwas ea,?m } 060" G61NC ,n,uY],( _ N 86119 P."= ..N-, UM-EW War" W+h,t7AC SUM77R z= rn p Q N A , rn nr m o r?r -??? l11 C9 z Scale in Feet • ? U W o, p 7- T ?TFM m L,_ 0 TUMI OF BEOZi a sHFy, ° 3 m v U 0 0 I n 0 L <n J, N 0 C N G C i i f RGURE8ISLANG ATfiFB-2 L RY-B-S 0 z L zz ?z Lw!IL I IN T? FTTI ? P o 0 e G ND vaoro.? wmc uoawmuv c -- fdAS W6t BOIAOWI USSIK IKII?YENf 86tt9 mwpom IICNO ff IIXAICB d7Mflow wNvEr 7wn= fN tu+i,dr OFSaMi W m E OEM L N-B_3? WW eca suo SftE ?pN N? .- W t ? 7 D 890 t, Scale in Feet A m T5 m uia . GI-fi W-5 - L1-4? Ltr7 4H n?? T6 m BARKS CHANNEL w E _1 FIGURE 8 ISLAND I - i'IEIEIE J olm BF- AIW4-4 'ffi '0 I Ail-B4 n AY$7 e I > eivss t134,b a r 4 DEEP WATER CHANNELTO } • INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY RACMUE7 CLUB } POOL AND BATH HOUSE MARINA AND CWS k BEACH-SAY LANE BAYBERRY PLACE MASON INLET RELOCATION PROJECT MIDOL'E SOUND SALTERS ROAO aVn\? T#: Macroinvertebrate sampling transect V ?p I Ap' CLAM O rMr.•+ba w.rR'nc.,y3+.' m?ee,- .-W,x,.,.,.,, Eo. r"LHIV FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FIGURE EIGHT ISLAND iv . z SCALE 1000 FEET 6.12.72 1!2 MILE 1 MILE 44 SCALE: 1" = 800' ------- - APPROXIMATE LIMITS OF NOURISHMENT xx Figure 5, Map of Figure Eight Island showing macroinvertebrate sampling transects T10-T12. LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC. LMG LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP INa Environmental Consultants February 13, 2007 Mr. John Domey NC Division of Water Quality/Wetlands Unit Mail Service Center 1650 Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 RE: Mason Inlet Relocation Project: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 4) - Compensatory Wetiand Mitigation Site Dear Mr. Domey: On behalf of New Hanover County (NC), Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is providing a copy of the wetland mitigation site "Annual Monitoring Report (Year 4)" for the Mason Inlet Relocation Project. This report documents mitigation site progress through the third year of monitoring (October 2006). As described in the report, the mitigation site has met or exceeded performance criteria through the third growing season and appears to be progressing well toward a functional coastal marsh system. Copies of this report have also been forwarded to NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). If you have any questions or comments regarding the enclosed report, please contact me either by email at bmanning@imgroup.net or by phone at (910) 452-0001. Thank you for your attention to this project. Sincerely, Land Management Group, Inc. Brent Manning Environmental Scientist encl. ti..,..3 4...,?._.a p Y. FL =B 1 5 2007 LO cc: Jim Gregson, NC DCM - Wilmington nENR - 0!1: -f.: ? c??;???o -Y V ETL KO NIV i t7T ;+r7 '= L RR?I?JCH Keith Hams, USACE - Wilmington Dave Weaver, New Hanover County www.lmgroup.net • info@lmgroup.net • Phone: 910.452.0001 • Fax: 910.452.0060 3805 Wrightsville Ave., Suite 16, Wilmington, NC 28403 • P.O. Box 2522, Wilmington, NC 28402 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On November 28, 2001, The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) issued CAMA Major Permit #151-01 to New Hanover County for excavation and beach deposition activities associated with the relocation of Mason Inlet at the north end of Wrightsville Beach, NC. Project authorization was also received by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) (Action ID No. 19901052) and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) (WQC Project #000008). Inclusive in the permitted activities was the excavation of Mason Creek and related impacts to 1.9 acres of coastal marsh habitat. Channel excavation was considered a necessary component of the project to produce the designed ebb-flow volumes for Mason Creek and Banks Channel, ultimately resulting in a more "stable" inlet location and minimizing the frequency of inlet maintenance activities. By reducing the frequency of maintenance activities, impacts associated with the placement of dredged materials on the nearby beaches was also minimized. A comprehensive Wetland Mitigation Plan ("Plan") providing detailed methodology for proposed wetland mitigation activities was submitted in December 2000 and subsequently approved by reviewing regulatory agencies. Mitigation site construction was initiated in March 2003 and planting completed in May (2003). Year 1 monitoring demonstrated the successful establishment of approximately 8.7 acres of restored coastal marsh. The following report (including narrative and supporting graphics) provides documentation of mitigation site progress related to vegetation and hydrology through the fourth growing season (Fall 2006). More specific information related to pre-construction conditions, mitigation design, and project construction is provided in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003. 2.0 MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 0 0 The objective of the wetland mitigation plan was to replace the spatial extent of marsh impacted by the dredging of Mason Creek. The long-term goal of the mitigation project is to establish marsh habitat functionally equivalent to the impacted areas. Ultimately, the restored marsh will provide ecologic functions (e.g. primary productivity, nutrient retention/transformation, and faunal habitat) equivalent to natural S. altern flora stands in the Middle Sound marsh complex. An additional 19 acres of adjacent undisturbed marsh habitat will be protected in perpetuity through a conservation easement (to be granted to an approved third party beneficiary). A dredge disposal island located adjacent to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) west of Figure Eight Island was identified and secured for restoration work (refer to Figures 1-3). Grading and planting was designed and implemented to provide for complete functional restoration of coastal marsh habitat. The balance of the mitigation effort was achieved through the 5:1 preservation covenant (equivalent to 19 acres) of intertidal marsh habitat located behind Figure 8 Island. 3.0 SITE DESIGN The mitigation site design incorporated four zones of habitat manifesting from gradual changes in substrate elevation and vegetative species composition. The four zones and the design acreage are listed below: (1) Open water tidal channel - 1.4 ac (2) Intertidal marsh (S. alterniflora) - 5.2 ac (3) Supratidal high marsh (S. patens) - 2.1 ac (4) Upland sand dune* - 2.0 ac TOTAL 10.7 ac (*Note: The upland sand dune was not intended to count toward the mitigation credit. Therefore, the design acreage of the mitigation area totaled 8.7 ac) 2 The tidal channel is intended to provide a conduit for tidal flushing and enhanced exchange of detrital material to adjacent open waters. In addition, the channel provides an increased edge effect that will favor fish utilization of restored S. alterniflora habitat for feeding and refuge. 4.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Specific grading activities are detailed in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003. All grading activities were completed in April 2003. Final construction grades are documented on the attached `as-built' survey (see Figure 4). Photographs documenting site grading were provided in the `As-Built' Report and the Year 1 Annual Monitoring Report. Subsequent to site grading, sixty-six thousand (66,000) seedlings of S. alterniflora were planted on 2-ft centers within an approximate 5.2-acre restored low marsh area. Planting was conducted within sandy sediments of the upper half of the local tidal range. An additional 15,000 seedlings of S. patens were planted on 2-ft centers within the 1.9-acre restored high marsh area. In addition to the Spartina seedlings, six hundred (600) shrubs (including M. cerifera, Iva frutescens, and Baccharis halimifolia) were planted along the perimeter of the restored high marsh area. Site planting was conducted during the last week of April and first week of May (2003). Refer to the `As-Built' Report and the Year 1 Annual Monitoring Report for photographs documenting site planting. 5.0 AS-BUILT ACREAGE Table 1 provides a breakdown of mitigation site design acreage and as-built acreage. The deviation of design versus as-built acreage for intertidal marsh and high marsh is a result of a modification to design prior to construction. Based upon the observed presence of a Phragmites stand on the northeast edge of the island, project scientists opted to increase the slope of the high marsh area and concurrently decrease the area favorable for Phragmites TABLE 1: MITIGATION SITE ACREAGE AREA DESIGN ACREAGE AS-BUILT ACREAGE Open Water Tidal Channel 1.4 1.42 Intertidal Marsh S. alterniflora 5.2 6.04 Supratidal High Marsh S, patens) 2.1 1.21 Upland Sand Dune 2.0 1.89 Total 10.7 10.56 invasion. By doing so, the intertidal marsh acreage increased accordingly. The constructed wetland replacement acreage (restored intertidal marsh + restored high marsh + tidal channel = 8.67 ac) deviated by only 0.03 acres from the design acreage (8.7). 6.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Site success criteria are used to evaluate the development of a created or restored wetland in relation to stated project goals and objectives. Monitoring of various biological and physical parameters help demonstrate the relative success of the marsh restoration site. The identified success criteria for the Mason Inlet mitigation site are: (1) "Demonstrated survival rate ofplantings and naturally colonized individuals to meet or exceed 75%, " and (2) "Vegetative density of the restoration marsh to meet or exceed 75% of the density of the reference marsh. " The Braun-Blanquet (B-B) Method (Braun-Blanquet 1965) is being used to determine the frequency of occurrence (i.e. survival), abundance, and density of vegetation within the restored marsh and the reference site. The B-B method prescribes scale values corresponding to variations in percent vegetative cover in a designated quadrat (e.g. one meter-square). 4 From a survey of randomly selected quadrats, frequency of occurrence, abundance, and density can be calculated as follows: (1) Frequency of Occurrence = number of occupied quadrats / total number of quadrats, (2) Abundance = sum of B-B scale values / number of occupied quadrats, and (3) Density = sum of B-B scale values / total number of quadrats. The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference marsh. The S. altern flora zone will experience semi-diurnal flooding of similar amplitudes and duration as those of adjacent natural S. alterniflora stands. In addition, the high marsh zone will experience soil saturation in the upper 12 inches of substrate and be periodically inundated during storm events and lunar spring tides (mimicking natural high marsh habitat). 7.0 MONITORING PROTOCOL Monitoring of the mitigation site is conducted near the end of each growing season (September or October) to evaluate annual progress of the restoration effort. Natural marsh stands located adjacent to the mitigation area are also monitored to provide reference data (refer to Figure 4 for location of reference transects). Five (5) permanent transects were established within the restored marsh site and corresponding GPS coordinates were recorded. One transect (M2) consists of three distinct monitoring areas separated by the split tidal channel. Two additional transects (RI and R2) have been established adjacent to the mitigation island within natural existing marsh. These serve as reference transects to be used in the collection of baseline vegetation and hydrologic data. The location of all monitoring transects are depicted on the `as-built' drawing (Figure 4). Quadrat samples are located during each monitoring event based upon randomly generated distances from the transect centerline. Planting densities are calculated based on percent cover within one meter-square quadrats according to the B-B method. A total of 56 quadrats are sampled for monitoring within the restored site. An additional 16 quadrats are sampled in the adjacent reference marsh. The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference marsh. To document restored and reference area hydrology, a total of four automated tide gauges (manufactured by Remote Data Systems, Inc.) were installed on the site. Two gauges were installed in the restored marsh and two in the reference marsh (refer to Figure 4 for the location of tide gauges). Hydrology is being recorded each half-hour through the use of these automated devices. 8.0 MONITORING RESULTS & RESTORATION SITE PROGRESS Mean percent coverage of S. alterniflora in the restored marsh (observed across all 56 quadrats) was 50% (an increase from Year 1 percent coverage of 42%). Mean percent coverage in the reference marsh (observed across 16 quadrats) was 82%. Using the B-B method (as described above), percent coverage was converted to a scale value for each quadrat (refer to Table 2 for summary data by transect). These scale values were then used for the determination of frequency of occurrence ("survival"), abundance, and density (see below). Frequency of Occurrence (Survival), = 100% Abundance m = 3.46 Density.. = 3.46 Density, = 4.63 Density m / Density r = 75% (m = mitigation site; r = reference site) The two lines in bold type above indicate those measurements related to the stated performance criteria. Both the survival rate and the relative percent density (mitigation vs. 6 0 P 1 reference) meet the 75% criteria. According to the B-B method, establishment of vegetation is considered successful if the calculated density at the restored site is equal to or greater than 75% of the calculated value for density at the reference site at the end of the fifth growing season. The Mason Inlet mitigation site exhibits 100% frequency of occurrence and 75% density of the restoration marsh after the fourth growing season. TABLE 2. SUMMARY DATA BY TRANSECT (m = mitigation site; r = reference marsh) TRANSECT NUMBER OF QUADRATS SUM OF B-B SCALE VALUES CALCULATED DENSITY (B-B) M1 8 29 3.62 M2 22 69 3.14 M3 7 23 3.28 M4 13 54 4.15 M5 6 19 3.17 TOTALm 56 194 3.46 R1 8 39 4.88 R2 8 35 4.38 TOTALr 16 74 4.63 The restored site exhibits semidiurnal flooding with tidal amplitudes and duration of flooding / similar to adjacent reference marshes (see enclosed hydrographs in Appendix B). Gauge data are referenced to NGVD 1929 with both low mean water (MLW) and mean high water (MHW) depicted on the hydrographs. Gauge data illustrate the semidiurnal flooding of intertidal well locations for both the reference and restored marsh areas. Tidal inundation of high marsh well locations (both reference and restored areas) are only evident during higher tides. The site continues to show use by characteristic coastal marsh fauna - including fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), great blue heron, great egret, blue crabs and various juvenile finfish within the 7 tidal channel. S. alterniflora growth (both culms and roots) appears to be robust (refer to site photographs in Appendix A). In addition, volunteer growth of S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and Salicornia spp. is evident along some areas of restored high marsh. The Phragmites australis stand that existed on the island prior to mitigation site activities has been reduced significantly from increased exposure to flooding and high saline waters. It appears as though Phragmites will not pose a threat to the success of planted Spartina seedlings. 9.0 CONCLUSION Based upon performance monitoring data collected through the fourth growing season (October 2006), the Mason Inlet mitigation site is progressing well toward a functional coastal marsh. Both the frequency of occurrence (survival) and the density (relative to reference plots) meet or exceed the 75% criteria. In addition, hydrology of the restored marsh areas is clearly matching reference wetland hydrology with respect to tidal amplitude and frequency of inundation. The site also is providing refuge and feeding habitat for resident and migratory fauna (as observed during numerous site inspections). Monitoring results suggest that the site will continue to develop conditions of a functional wetland system. Based upon tidal gauge data, which has consistently demonstrated semi-diurnal inundation of the mitigation site, Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is proposing to terminate the hydrologic monitoring portion of this project. Over 52,000 data points have been collected over the past three years, a data set sufficient to demonstrate successful and characteristic coastal marsh hydrology. Plant growth and densities will continue to be monitored for another growing season (through Year 5). 10.0 REFERENCE LITERATURE Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant Sociology: The study of plant communities: translated, revised, and edited by C.D. Fuller and H.S. Conrad. Hafner, London. Broome, S.W., E. Seneca and W. Woodhouse, Jr. 1982. Building and Stabilizing Coastal Dunes with Vegetation. Pub. UNC Sea Grant 85-05. Broome, S.W. 1990. Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the Southeastern United States. pp. 37-72 in Kusler, M.E. (eds.) Wetland Creation and Restoration: the Status of the Science. Island Press, Washington DC. Hara, T., J. van der Toorn, and J.H. Mook. 1993. Growth dynamics and size structure of shoots of Phragmites australis, a clonal plant. J. Ecol. 81: 47-60. 9 0 9 I ',1 • ? t . Y 7 V 0 1.000 2.000 Feet Mason Inlet Mitigation Island New Hanover County Figure 1. Vicinity Map Land Management Group; Inc. 1 r P Key. `.-- TfA Be f La TM T!?1 Nh La Le ??t. xyx? r ` 10 TM TIA Ke TM ?- Se mu Nfl -- - - ??5 W Le Se Iv;itiaation Site, Le ` St - r NO TM Nh tdo d ?? + ? ti E? : `, Oil Yt„ TM Nh r_ . JO ?r TO _ y Nh TM Nh La Ni Figure 2. Mason Inlet Mitigation Island NRCS Soil Map New Hanover County 0 1.000 2.000 Feet Land Management Group. Inc A 0 APPENDIX A w SITE PHOTOGRAPHS 0 0 IuuA0 0 . _.. _. , ? «' a..iiv?Yd[Ma?gril6'kw?*d" 9{k k$ T "ef ? ° ti ? 'F 4S ?'e ?r ??, t r r eR ?1:? ii { •?? j `' ? d r ? ? ?'?'• ? ?€tris # T 44 f ?? tv' pp i4 ±t ? 4 4 t . i;..6.?. t '•.i??..a , pt;4t:I tiar>ab s. (1) View of mitigation site in mid October (2006) 1111 a"(i??t(i 11< < yy j. xt,, f-l:?ea x 9? ? (2) View of western tidal channel in mid October (2006) 1 111111A* ,. m f Tf` 3 r 1 w ,? F -k f t a `? N, SX • ?? r-+ d P, y1 ?1r JF: +?1 P 4 a g a 1 i, ! b _ K t' t,q X, 4, n •?F r tk ?ut ?" • ? ?? at iF r1r ? • t 1 d ?? i?i?? id ?! t I<1X?'• S11 ?; ! ! ..+ ' i i 'N 1 ? ? , to a t „1 C AC113 } r .A It! i 1 ?? } F'r 1 A? lid f? K 1 . ? t JC ? , .! 'I { ?t + s '4i I si k d 6 Q10- Al1 ..?.t, 11111 ' ?? _ ?r ? ? ! ? Y,: F 1 i d A? I ? Ni } A.?f 1 ? • 71 L, i? • 111#?7 II '?4?'1{vi y /} t1g1? •t ;' . F r is "+ 1t} 3 ! 1 ii IY t f '?? ) +! G i } ?• ) i ?1? r 3 °-?? i? j, J-v f?.,,, 7?+ ? L ? a i ? la,?+ 1?:ti•?d r'j•'? f r ?t,?{1 ? 11 ? r 1R,?? ?, ?>r ? 4 }{+ r ?S ??? ' Q ,1 r ?• ? ?i ?} ?} iA> +Et °.!}?X A d,> ?Ce ? d r' ? • _F pl??•1. S?? l?'io? ? r ?(?`1 ?}r?}'. x'14°iflf?tlEak`:4t':r ,'11 C?•f1?'?. >'1 ?l.•Ei, (3) View of reference site in mid October (2006) nii 1 • -.r -- Jly1 j+i tl oaf 11??i? ? !r?`???}}f nl?F}f,h ??4 t?,?• t 11 r al 11k 1} 11 ?^ I I ? I t t ? ? ? L! .f Ali ? ?' 1 n 11 I R° I iy 1} f? } T ? / 14 1 (l I I - ?I (1= 1 + I + ?, ,I I 1S Y 44' tl }? '. IE/1 I t I I ?, ? t t\, a ?? ?' 1l ?1 ? I ? F ?•}ll ! t?! ?y ?It 1 I?i ?I 1? 1 41 i9 0 1 S t1 1 ??M ? ( 1 Y l ? I I j i i ! id E• f ? -I i E d- ?1 1 tl• ?iy it ;; (?/a? ..U, I ;11- ???' A ,loll ? !a• (4) View of eastern tidal channel in mid October (2006) 0 1 2 A• /l ui: i 11rr r t l- .. t `? ,, ?•) ?r?rr r,; 1 rtrrrlLi.?ry'. 0 S. `t •?f 'boot ti fi'S S" 4` y hae \ z '} ?/ x /fit f .' ?7?", rrs 8 .'>t 14 iF cY4' I ,'I lCt I i - ' ?t >': r " Est r t,p f ?( _'\? rf•At r ;M ` ? ?, a 5 ?. 6 7 1 r , j rr a ? ar s lr Y? ? ! V\ r ? + ? ?? r ? ? re4 x ?? r r f r A v: f 9?° i f r ? ?y ? U r- 1 i P'`:.'1JI1t $ < F k ??' Vs ?l?I ?f 19 ?i t i? I ! ?a Y e ?? ., (5) Vegetative monitoring plot view during October (2006) I 4 ' .sip ERwaY';?'.d '. ?.r ?? C ?j, I}?'.Q ( I.TL '/ f ,1 •'I r ' ? ?{ M??`ll?•i rf1 / ? tii? ? a-K '? .:: ? ?r i "" iY Jr f ,-, //?' } i ? ';.er r 1 ? ^' ?. ?d I'" ( t ? ( a 1 (6) View of restoration site during high tide October (2006) 0 1 s -6 1111111 IA 0 • (7) View of restoration area in mid October (2006) 0 0 .? slt 4 (8) View of high marsh restoration area in mid October (2006) I W cn a O ¦L T ¦ O L V ^O III/ W ?fO I V M Tide (ft) O ? N d OA I I I I I I I I I 3 i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I y I I I I I I I I I I I I { I I f I I I I I I I I i I I , I I I - I I I I ? I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I Y I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I ? M N O (g) aogenaig .Iaj2tA q b a a; 9 z 90 9 d 9p °? t ?/f/9 Eo d 9 3 op W ?i ep: 7 O ?9 a 1 N 9°O? 3 /9 v d 9 ? °02l/9 v 3 9°02 0 0 a 'fl0 ; b F q V N 9pO? ? ? z F o 9p o 'o N z f/S b o q Yv o w w ? 9 N H ? 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W A k Ty WA 74 1, a NCDENR North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality Michael F. Easley, Governor February 8, 2006 CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECIPT REQUESTED Mr. Greg Thompson New Hanover County 414 Chestnut Street Wilmington, NC 28401 Dear Mr. Thompson: RE: Mason's Inlet Relocation 401 Water Quality Certification condition New Hanover County DWQ # 2000-0008 William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director As you are probably aware, the Division of Water Quality issued a 401 Water Quality Certification to New Hanover County on June 27, 2001 (Certification Number 3274) to allow the relocation of Mason's Inlet. Upon review of that Certification, we believe that condition 6 thatrequires written approval for a monitoring plan for the marshes next to the relocated inlet has not been met. We have reviewed the annual monitoring reports sent to us in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and they do not contain the required monitoring plan. In order to remain in compliance with your Certification, you and your staff will need to develop a monitoring plan and submit it for written approval. With that submittal, please address the reasons for the previous lack of a plan. I can be reached at 919-733-9646 if you have any questions. yours, rney Cc: Noelle Lutheran, DWQ Wil ing on Regional O File copy Central files Brent Manning, Land Management Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2522, Wilmington, NC 28402 401 Wetlands Certification Unit 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650 2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604 Phone: 919-733-1786/ FAX 919-733-6693 / Internet: htto://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer -50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper NorthCarohna Naturally Environmental Consultants MAILING ADDRESS: SHIPPING ADDRESS: P.O. Box 2522 3805 Wrightsville Ave., #14 Wilmington, N.C. 28402 Wilmington, N.C. 28403 Mr. John Dorney NC Division of Water Quality/Wetlands Unit Mail Service Center 1650 Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 December 1, 2005 TELEPHONE: office (910) 452-0001 fax (910) 452-0060 RE: Mason Inlet Relocation Project: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 3) - Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Site Dear Mr. Dorney: On behalf of New Hanover County (NC), Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is providing a copy of the wetland mitigation site "Annual Monitoring Report (Year 3)" for the Mason Inlet Relocation Project. This report documents mitigation site progress through the third year of monitoring (November 2005). As described in the report, the mitigation site has met or exceeded performance criteria through the third growing season and appears to be progressing well toward a functional coastal marsh system. Copies of this report have also been forwarded to NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). If you have any questions or comments regarding the enclosed report, please contact me either by email at bmanning@lmgroup.net or by phone at (910) 452-0001. Thank you for your attention to this project. Sincerely, Land Management Group, Inc. Brent Manning Environmental Scientist encl. cc: Jim Gregson, NC DCM - Wilmington Keith Harris, USACE - Wilmington Dave Weaver, New Hanover County c?aa? iris ?o sTO?r????? yWac? w? 0 0 0 MASON INLET RELOCATION PROJECT WETLAND MITIGATION SITE ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 3) Prepared for:" NEW HANOVER COUNTY, PERMITTEE' Prepared by: LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC. DECEMBER 2005 0 I 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On November 28, 2001, The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) issued CAMA Major Permit #151-01 to New Hanover County for excavation and beach deposition activities associated with the relocation of Mason Inlet at the north end of Wrightsville Beach, NC. Project authorization was also received by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) (Action ID No. 19901052) and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) (WQC Project #000008). Inclusive in the permitted activities was the excavation of Mason Creek and related impacts to 1.9 acres of coastal marsh habitat. Channel excavation was considered a necessary component of the project to produce the designed ebb-flow volumes for Mason Creek and Banks Channel, ultimately resulting in a more "stable" inlet location and minimizing the frequency of inlet maintenance activities. By reducing the frequency of maintenance activities, impacts associated with the placement of dredged materials on the nearby beaches was also minimized. A comprehensive Wetland Mitigation Plan ("Plan") providing detailed methodology for proposed wetland mitigation activities was submitted in December 2000 and subsequently approved by reviewing regulatory agencies. Mitigation site construction was initiated in March 2003 and planting completed in May (2003). Year 1 monitoring demonstrated the successful establishment of approximately 8.7 acres of restored coastal marsh. The following report (including narrative and supporting graphics) provides documentation of mitigation site progress related to vegetation and hydrology through the third growing season (Fall 2005). More specific information related to pre-construction conditions, mitigation design, and project construction is provided in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003. 0 I 0 2.0 MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The objective of the wetland mitigation plan was to replace the spatial extent of marsh impacted by the dredging of Mason Creek. The long-term goal of the mitigation project is to establish marsh habitat functionally equivalent to the impacted areas. Ultimately, the restored marsh will provide ecologic functions (e.g. primary productivity, nutrient retention/transformation, and faunal habitat) equivalent to natural S. altern j2ora stands in the Middle Sound marsh complex. An additional 19 acres of adjacent undisturbed marsh habitat will be protected in perpetuity through a conservation easement (to be granted to an approved third party beneficiary). A dredge disposal island located adjacent to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) west of Figure Eight Island was identified and secured for restoration work (refer to Figures 1-3). Grading and planting was designed and implemented to provide for complete functional restoration of coastal marsh habitat. The balance of the mitigation effort was achieved through the 5:1 preservation covenant (equivalent to 19 acres) of intertidal marsh habitat located behind Figure 8 Island. 3.0 SITE DESIGN The mitigation site design incorporated four zones of habitat manifesting from gradual changes in substrate elevation and vegetative species composition. The four zones and the design acreage are listed below: (1) Open water tidal channel - 1.4 ac (2) Intertidal marsh (S. alterniflora) - 5.2 ac (3) Supratidal high marsh (S. patens) - 2.1 ac (4) Upland sand dune* - 2.0 ac TOTAL 10.7 ac 0 (*Note: The upland sand dune was not intended to count toward the mitigation credit. Therefore, the design acreage of the mitigation area totaled 8.7 ac) 2 I The tidal channel is intended to provide a conduit for tidal flushing and enhanced exchange of detrital material to adjacent open waters. In addition, the channel provides an increased edge effect that will favor fish utilization of restored S. alterniora habitat for feeding and refuge. 4.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Specific grading activities are detailed in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003. All grading activities were completed in April 2003. Final construction grades are documented on the attached `as-built' survey (see Figure 4). Photographs documenting site grading were provided in the `As-Built' Report and the Year 1 Annual Monitoring Report. Subsequent to site grading, sixty-six thousand (66,000) seedlings of S. alterniflora were planted on 2-ft centers within an approximate 5.2-acre restored low marsh area. Planting was conducted within sandy sediments of the upper half of the local tidal range. An additional 15,000 seedlings of S. patens were planted on 2-ft centers within the 1.9-acre restored high marsh area. In addition to the Spartina seedlings, six hundred (600) shrubs (including M. cerifera, Iva frutescens, and Baccharis halimifolia) were planted along the perimeter of the restored high marsh area. Site planting was conducted during the last week of April and first week of May (2003). Refer to the `As-Built' Report and the Year 1 Annual Monitoring Report for photographs documenting site planting. 5.0 AS-BUILT ACREAGE Table 1 provides a breakdown of mitigation site design acreage and as-built acreage. The deviation of design versus as-built acreage for intertidal marsh and high marsh is a result of a modification to design prior to construction. Based upon the observed presence of a Phragmites stand on the northeast edge of the island, project scientists opted to increase the slope of the high marsh area and concurrently decrease the area favorable for Phragmites 0 TABLE 1: MITIGATION SITE ACREAGE 1 AREA DESIGN ACREAGE AS-BUILT ACREAGE Open Water Tidal Channel 1.4 1.42 Intertidal Marsh S. alterniflora 5.2 6.04 Supratidal High Marsh S. patens 21 1.21 Upland Sand Dune 2.0 1.89 Total 10.7 10.56 invasion. By doing so, the intertidal marsh acreage increased accordingly. The constructed wetland replacement acreage (restored intertidal marsh + restored high marsh + tidal channel = 8.67 ac) deviated by only 0.03 acres from the design acreage (8.7). 6.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Site success criteria are used to evaluate the development of a created or restored wetland in relation to stated project goals and objectives. 'Monitoring of various biological and physical parameters help demonstrate the relative success of the marsh restoration site. The identified success criteria for the Mason Inlet mitigation site are: (1) "Demonstrated survival rate of plantings and naturally colonized individuals to 1 meet or exceed 75%, " and (2) "Vegetative density of the restoration marsh to meet or exceed 75% of the density of the reference marsh. " The Braun-Blanquet (B-B) Method (Braun-Blanquet 1965) is being used to determine the frequency of occurrence (i.e. survival), abundance, and density of vegetation within the restored marsh and the reference site. The B-B method prescribes scale values corresponding to variations in percent vegetative cover in a designated quadrat (e.g. one meter-square). 0 4 From a survey of randomly selected quadrats, frequency of occurrence, abundance, and density can be calculated as follows: (1) Frequency of Occurrence = number of occupied quadrats / total number of quadrats, (2) Abundance = sum of B-B scale values / number of occupied quadrats, and (3) Density = sum of B-B scale values / total number of quadrats. The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference marsh. The S. alterniora zone will experience semi-diurnal flooding of similar amplitudes and duration as those of adjacent natural S. alterniflora stands. In addition, the high marsh zone will experience soil saturation in the upper 12 inches of substrate and be periodically inundated during storm events and lunar spring tides (mimicking natural high marsh habitat). 7.0 MONITORING PROTOCOL Monitoring of the mitigation site is conducted near the end of each growing season (September or October) to evaluate annual progress of the restoration effort. Natural marsh stands located adjacent to the mitigation area are also monitored to provide reference data (refer to Figure 4 for location of reference transects). Five (5) permanent transects were established within the restored marsh site and corresponding GPS coordinates were recorded. One transect (M2) consists of three distinct monitoring areas separated by the split tidal channel. Two additional transects (Rl and R2) have been established adjacent to the mitigation island within natural existing marsh. These serve as reference transects to be used in the collection of baseline vegetation and hydrologic data. The location of all monitoring transects are depicted on the `as-built' drawing (Figure 4). Quadrat samples are located during each monitoring event based upon randomly generated distances from the transect centerline. 0 I Planting densities are calculated based on percent cover within one meter-square quadrats according to the B-B method. A total of 56 quadrats are sampled for monitoring within the restored site. An additional 16 quadrats are sampled in the adjacent reference marsh. The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference marsh. To document restored and reference area hydrology, a total of four automated tide gauges (manufactured by Remote Data Systems, Inc.) were installed on the site. Two gauges were installed in the restored marsh and two in the reference marsh (refer to Figure 4 for the location of tide gauges). Hydrology is being recorded each half-hour through the use of these automated devices. If at the end of the 5-year monitoring period annual site success criteria have been met, then no further monitoring will be conducted. If the site fails to meet the stated performance criteria, maintenance contingency measures (e.g. supplemental planting and/or Phragrnites growth control) will be implemented to rectify site deficiencies. Monitoring would then continue to the point at which reviewing agencies deem the site successful. 8.0 MONITORING RESULTS & RESTORATION SITE PROGRESS Mean percent coverage of S. alterniflora in the restored marsh (observed across all 56 quadrats) was 61%0 (an increase from Year 1 percent coverage of 42%). Mean percent coverage in the reference marsh (observed across 16 quadrats) was 78%. Using the B-B method (as described above), percent coverage was converted to a scale value for each quadrat (refer to Table 2 for summary data by transect). These scale values were then used for the determination of frequency of occurrence ("survival"), abundance, and density (see below). Frequency of Occurrence (Survival). = 100% Abundance m = 3.89 Density m = 3.89 0 6 Density, = 4.56 Density m / Density,. = 85% (m = mitigation site; r = reference site) The two lines in bold type above indicate those measurements related to the stated performance criteria. Both the survival rate and the relative percent density (mitigation vs. reference) well exceed the 75% criteria. According to the B-B method, establishment of vegetation is considered successful if the calculated density at the restored site is equal to or greater than 75% of the calculated value for density at the reference site at the end of the fifth 1 growing season. The Mason Inlet mitigation site exhibits 85% density after the third growing season. 1 0 TABLE 2. SUMMARY DATA BY TRANSECT TRANSECT NUMBER OF QUADRATS SUM OF B-B SCALE VALUES CALCULATED DENSITY (B-B) M1 8 28 3.50 M2 22 84 3.82 M3 7 30 4.29 .M4 13 54 4.15 M5 6 22 3.67 TOTALm 56 218 3.89 R1 8 37 4.63 R2 8 36 4.5 TOTALr 16 73 4.56 (in'- mitigation site; r = reference marsh) The restored site exhibits semidiurnal flooding with tidal amplitudes and duration of flooding similar to adjacent reference marshes (see enclosed hydrographs in Appendix B). Gauge data is referenced to NGVD 1929 with both low mean water (MLW) and mean high water (MHW) depicted on the hydrographs. Gauge data illustrates the semidiurnal flooding of 7 I intertidal well locations for both the reference and restored marsh areas. Tidal inundation of high marsh well locations (both reference and restored areas) are only evident during higher tides. The site continues to show use by characteristic coastal marsh fauna - including fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), great blue heron, great egret, blue crabs and various juvenile finfish within the tidal channel. S. alterniflora growth (both culms and roots) appears to be robust (refer to site photographs in Appendix A). In addition, volunteer growth of S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and Salicornia spp. is evident along some areas of restored high marsh. The Phragmites australis stand that existed on the island prior to mitigation site activities has been reduced significantly from increased exposure to flooding and high saline waters. It appears as though Phragmites will not pose a threat to the success of planted Spartina seedlings. 9.0 CONCLUSION Based upon performance monitoring data collected through the second growing season (October 2005), the Mason Inlet mitigation-site is progressing well toward a functional coastal marsh. Both the frequency of occurrence (survival) and the density (relative to reference plots) well exceed the 75% criteria. In addition, hydrology of the restored marsh areas is clearly matching reference wetland hydrology with respect to tidal amplitude and frequency of inundation. The site also is providing refuge and feeding habitat for resident and migratory fauna (as observed during numerous site inspections). Monitoring results suggest that the site will continue to develop conditions of a functional wetland system. Based upon tidal gauge data, which has consistently demonstrated semi-diurnal inundation of the mitigation site, Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is proposing to terminate the hydrologic monitoring portion of this project. Over 52,000 data points have been collected over the past three years, a data set sufficient to demonstrate successful and characteristic coastal marsh hydrology. Plant growth and densities will continue to be monitored for another two growing seasons (through Year 5). 0 8 I 10.0 REFERENCE LITERATURE Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant Sociology: The study of plant communities: translated, revised, and edited by C.D. Fuller and H.S. Conrad. Hafner, London. Broome, S.W., E. Seneca and W. Woodhouse, Jr. 1982. Building and Stabilizing Coastal Dunes with Vegetation. Pub. UNC Sea Grant 85-05. Broome, S.W. 1990. Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the Southeastern United States. pp. 37-72 in Kusler, M.E. (eds.) Wetland Creation and Restoration: the Status of the Science. Island Press, Washington DC. Hara, T., J. van der Toorn, and J.H. Mook; 1993. Growth dynamics and size structure of shoots of Phragmites australis, a clonal plant. J. Ecol. 81: 47-60. 1 0 9 0 • n?;-a a tti 4.I err 61 _.. :?. 'Lv J ''}?FrJl i.iAH /( 1 rM Y..?•?ii?arrfw t .vril y' W c nt n P?? , If n. ? y i hl.k = i 1.• ,i tyT l_en "`.1 ,?l?lt .,, '°q?a377"H'9?'h di rA1"ii1kN4 ?µyPX E .,.. i,la.WYAr?}?k kAeY.d Y'Ii'a'; F, +jl, jt•#a.y f N SCALE 1" = 2.4 miles SITE Mason Inlet Relocation Project Land Management Group, Inc. Wetland Mitigation Site Environmental Consultants New Hanover County (NC) Wilmington, N.C. Figure 1. Site Vicinity Map 0 0 0 Approximate Project Boundary SCALE 1" = 2000' b-k MaEWetland Inlet Relocation Project Land Management Group, Inc. Figure 2. Mitigation Site Environmental Consultants 2002 Aerial Photography NHanover County (NC) Wilmington, N.C. New Hanover County 0 1. 0 0 The information contained on this map has been paced in the field and interpreted Approximate boundary of restoration project on the map using an aerial photograph. The distances and acreages shown are approximate and not meant to be absolute. N SCALE 1" = 2,000' New Hanover County (NC) Wilmington, N.C. Y 16 Mason Inlet Relocation Project Land Management Group, Inc. Environmental Consultants Figure 3. Wetland Mitigation Site NH Count Soil Survey 1 ' FE ?- I 0 0 0 T5 0 0 0 a+ N 3.7 3.8 3.7 -? - - - -- -- - - ,? I o o i 1 R a _ Acreage 0 Area Acres v, d Y o Bare Sand 1,89 L °L a °D m ° v MNT2 Sl artina Patens 1.21 v a N o d o S?,ortina Alterniflora 6,04 _ a o +' N Subtidal Creeks 1,42 s L Ln 00 ?U-) ?Ln 0) V) M° Ln U N WT 3, Ln p N R2b C /A?11 d L N i41 N 0 30 4 1 W ° F- 2 m S 3.5 3 4 / 3 9 3.8 4 o m N N C M m r 43 5 20 2 ?/ 4.0 0 N L c L +1 C 7 2 6 2,0 2 2 2. 2. C5 E m .3 3 7 3.5 2 4 2,1 2 3 2.1 2 0 2.3 0 0 Ln Q f 39 3 9 2. 3 2 0 2.2 2 2.3 1 c C 3 T 27 3.7 2 2.3 2 6 2 2 1 2, 2 6 o d .? CL a 0 3. 0 1.6 2.2 1 1 8 1.7 1 7 2.1 2 6 2.3 1 5 4 1 8 1 9 5 1 5 1.6 1 7 .0 2 3 -8 2. 1 2 7 1 7 1.9 1 8 -0 .3 7 2. 2 7R1b R1i 5 1 -- - - 2. 1 6 - 1 7 1.8 1 5 1. 2 8? ?3 2 1 7 17 1 6 ] 4 1. 5 25 1. 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(a N a N rn Scale 1" = 100' a N N to rn N N c c c P 'I N L LL • ?IIIIIII - Appendix A • • Site Photographs S 11101 0 iilii • 0 1 i t IM1??K7 l t r II .: Y ? ? r di' ? ?I )1 Elli •? ti! t 1 S ?p 1i i 11 F?,?z ?i i ? ?' I 7} r? ?'s ,? 1r inrU ?'i ?lA ?. Srtf ?• ti?i ' 1 1 }' IIIr'f r 'S C'?ii „i QiN 1I P 1?. y F?i ii?Ve{,e , e i ;} J i 11 i i ? i yt , ?.S ii fir: ?;? a •?S. r . X?,? +' i 1 iz? (1) View of mitigation site in late May (2005) Jew ;? . , ? ; xw . i??? ?. ; ?;??.v'F?.?;,:.' ' • r :?: jR (hti }yr g rpt _ } F irn r? ,y "i Y a e IOU az l ti Y?. ?'• & 9 -t1 }r J4f ,Jr ?,, l? 1 ?'? e?tir ,.r• d? - 1 }f- e?i Y ?. a ly tylr ? t ?u f i f r rr 5 I 1? .?, i, ;? (2) View of western tidal channel in late May (2005) 01 1 I* s yea,: .. t ? t i r -. 4?5, j .• y ?,. 1 ?' y+:., f ? ? ?. '., :`t. M1} r y .•t,._ vt?. -. lit (3) View of reference site in late May (2005) ? : `?atx'l...i; .or^{A°,t7)3= e. F.1?t ?,i?^v' '? TAX > y t`•s F ,?°t ? - a,. -?q•.,' },g?7 4 {tai: :T? ? nM1 ? YtJS p S ? '•R r t ? ?' y, ' t??. tdf FF t.. } ?? ?dar k (4) View of eastern tidal channel in late May (2005) i i i , hx. } r N 7 3 <t f t , ,? k ?r ?!r yrxt iJ. S? ;at t > cy F ?r ra fy. u y; *I 2 0 4 • ®/ -•a e (5) View of eastern tidal channel in late November (2005) }r ? t } r Af,, (6) View of western tidal channel in late November (2005) lll t :1 • • ?.. _. Y,w . ? .. . .1. .A ?'?F C'? S` f^ _W?WrY?::. ..... •Y. ??.. Ih'ii? W .b ?YA " ?" 'y ? ''? At?+ ?91W -. ?y. a ? y ? ;,.??.'i?+?5%aM• ,ulc ??,Ay, !s3?;'Ft??ICS" Sri<. Rx<.,f .,/,fNitrY4, KK g y/? y f / f 1Y r Ove 9?1 l/ A ? 1 E ? { 1 i .. I / / Y J ?- }y (7) View of restoration area in late November (2005) s r r ? u 1 a ! )tr ?sl ro? `?1? ??',?`? ! ": i ? 4e ,yya ?-;,r yc?s 7? a E,fr t•? 1??? • 7 - I ,?? fr r r J E M. 1 r ,i E' 11 F r I d a H?i e t fi ?yF,??d. I t? tl )" r I'f• _ ?' i 1 S 1.. r z s p.? tl'? fE ? ? r a , r Y 11° ? 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O C f, S: i i i i (mod ? C CL' v N C ? z? fry! .a s ? a ! 3 02 _ z? 0 so off, ! U d W ?r 7 S°p2 c?u ?j c 0 Opt/// v S°02 c?i rr v 0.' S° O ^ r,! 2?r 3 c 0 o` s rc ; N ,fp . H O? Or SOO ? o, U ? Q u ? z H o O ! O C 4?j a O (S) uorlenaig 1012M 'b N _? I 1 V/ O V/ ¦ tT' V ¦ tO i a O t? V O W i.. V/ NE? Tide (ft) S Y M N .--O i ? N F1 CA ? C A N ?i ai y z? 3 z SO O Z c S 00j c SOO, -o 0 SOO, ? 3 c 0 00? S! ' SOO 3 SO O? li! 3 c 0 `o SO v 19 c Y o so . F ?r E5 t S°O U rn 2fr u ?! ? Ca v z F 0 Z r0 E o a V to N -^ O (g) aogenajg 107eM O 2i o w y ? C ` w ? C o c o - o ? N > 'V 1 4) CO a O ¦ ¦ O L O • r O 'O I `1 to N Tiac (ft) T v cn o ? v f0 N N F o ? z ? 5 S0 -, 6t. , S 0 0 v G I c 0 S O U C 50 0.'i 02 ? G SOO, ?'n c 0 5 00 c ? l ' 3 8f ? fx SO ?n 02 y !l c 0 0 ?i -o S0 F 02 ` v 5 k 002 ? / 0 50 o b ? O O ? O C O (g) UO!IUAa[g IQ413M > F „ W 1 V? a ¦0 O a a ¦0 0 4-0 v / i Tide (ft) 7 c, N ^• O i ? i ? 0. ? O C I I I I I I I I {=j- I I I ' [ I I I I ? ? ? I I I i t II ° I I I I t i I I ? 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O C m N P' N N y O ? zG r00- v? 62 6 So 3 p6 3 T Sp '; O a Sp ? O - 2d'? 3 s U C N SO C 6 b a 's 3 c 0 ro s, o O Sp0 3 i6 ,a? SO M O? N ?z 3 6 C O ro O SO pr ?' v Sp H O? d C SO ? ON U ^ ?9 p z F o 'f0 0 0 19 w v C M N r' 4 ? N 6 O C N id W F ? ? o 'J O (U) UO!1enOIg 10JCM „ - 'D N O F --W 0 D R a) V a O VI ¦ V O L. CL a O ¦ V O Tide (ft) N ? 0. A ? (? v N ? v o ? z? SoO? /moo a r 3 s°oz < r 3 So ;?. o? or So _ r/ or c so ? r/o r b r'°r 3 0 0o 2r x Oj S 3 o?/oF 6 (?) uoilena?g iateM SO m O ?/O 3 F/6 .. 0 0 S? SO Off/ OFi co 6 S e °O F U rn /6F / v 6 c'c z i~ o 0 ? N 6F/6 0 w a G o o '? N Y _ 0 1 0 V a O VI ¦ ¦ oom' O i O ¦ V O n?+ ?1I 'O Tide (ft) 7 M N O i N N C ? O G , a M N .-. O (1j) uo!len31H aazeM N N. N N y O ? z? sop s p! a s 3 3 z sp b 5n sp _ s 3 /o ! U Sp N- p2/? v c SOp2 ?n °! 3 c 0 S open ? o! ? Sp19 3 O ? ! w ? -100 F/o! 3 0 o` SppcF p! ? Sp F O? F/°! v t ?°O U rn c/F/p! R Q F z 0 'r0 p 'o ! o ro w 7 ? 0 'b N N 0 ?4-0 v? C O //u i L. Cr i O ¦ u ^O W n? 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CV O CL F C M N '. O (g) uopeAajg 10)eM "C S ? II o z S° O? ! 3 °I 3 x F !fU UI ? w ?i S° C a SO ?'n O ^ /19 3 I o `o SO O ? ?°FO I N 3 19- S ? 0- 12e °FOI 3 0 b S° H o? 6? c S° V rn O c b z ?- z 0 SO F b N 6?i0 of ! ? w G w ? o c o '9 N N 9?md Wwza.zt 5wc96, 9nw. Al CIA Sox 2522 Wdmzaytm, SoWA %6dma 28402 3d 910-452-000Y : 6e+c Se li6d SPA g' ?! ??ien ?uouiaon J January 21, 2004 WETLANDS 1 401 GROUP JAN 2 9 2004 Mr. John Dorney NC DENRI Division of Water Quality Wetlands Unit 1650 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 WATER QUALITY SECTION 99ai& -4 .T..y A..,% 1W. 9'.h 9805 VUkA&W& ae Vdinl WiM, ?t'FB 28409 RE: Mason Inlet Relocation Project: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 1) - Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Site Dear John: On behalf of New Hanover County (NC), Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is providing a copy of the wetland mitigation site 'Annual Monitoring Report (Year 1)° for the Mason Inlet Relocation Project. This report documents mitigation site progress through the first year of monitoring (October 2003). As described in the report, the mitigation site has met or exceeded performance criteria through the first growing season and appears to be progressing well toward a functional coastal marsh system. Copies of this report have also been forwarded to NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). If you have any questions or comments regarding the enclosed report, please contact me either by email at cpreziosi@Imgroup.net or by phone at (910) 452-0001. Thank you for your attention to this project. Sincerely, Land Management Group, Inc. tic Christian Preziosi Environmental Scientist encl. cc: Jason Dail, NC DCM - Wilmington Keith Harris, USACE - Wilmington Greg Thompson, New Hanover County 0 MASON INLET RELOCATION PROJECT WENNDS/401 G? WETLAND MITIGATION SITE JAN g ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 1) 2004 WATER QUAWYSF,, 1 Prepared for: NEW HANOVER COUNTY, PERMITTEE Prepared by: LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC. JANUARY 2004 P 1.0 MASON INLET RELOCATION MITIGATION SUMMARY On November 28, 2001, The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) issued CAMA Major Permit 9151-01 to New Hanover County for excavation and beach deposition activities associated with the relocation of Mason Inlet at the north end of 1 Wrightsville Beach, NC. Project authorization was also received by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) (Action ID No. 19901052) and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) (WQC Project #000008). Inclusive in the permitted activities was the excavation of Mason Creek and related impacts to 1.9 acres of coastal marsh habitat. Channel excavation was considered a necessary component of the project to produce the designed ebb-flow volumes for Mason Creek and Banks Channel, ultimately resulting in a more "stable" inlet location and minimizing the frequency of inlet maintenance activities. By reducing the frequency of maintenance activities, impacts associated with the placement of dredged materials on the nearby beaches has also been minimized. In accordance with SEPA requirements, an Environmental Assessment (EA) describing existing environmental conditions and potential project impacts was prepared and distributed to participating regulatory agencies for review and comment. In addition, a comprehensive Wetland Mitigation Plan ("Plan") providing detailed methodology for 1 proposed wetland mitigation activities was submitted in December 2000 and subsequently approved by reviewing regulatory agencies. As conditioned in the permits, compensatory mitigation activities were to be implemented in accordance with the December 2000 Plan. The following `Annual Monitoring Report' (including narrative and supporting graphics) provides documentation of mitigation site progress related to vegetation and hydrology through the first growing season (Fall 2003). More specific information related to pre-construction conditions, mitigation design, and project construction is provided in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003. 1 2.0 MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1 1 The objective of the wetland mitigation plan was to replace the spacial extent of marsh impacted by the dredging of Mason Creek. The long-term goal of the mitigation project is to establish marsh habitat functionally equivalent to the impacted areas. Ultimately, the restored marsh will provide ecologic functions (e.g. primary productivity, nutrient retention/transformation, and faunal habitat) equivalent to natural S. alterniflora stands in the Middle Sound marsh complex. An additional 19 acres of adjacent undisturbed marsh habitat will be protected in perpetuity through a conservation easement (to be granted to an approved third party beneficiary). A dredge disposal island located adjacent to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) west of Figure Eight Island was identified and secured for restoration work (refer to Figures 1-3). Grading and planting was designed and implemented to provide for complete functional restoration of coastal marsh habitat. The balance of the mitigation effort is achieved through the 5:1 preservation covenant (equivalent to 19 acres) of intertidal marsh habitat located behind Figure 8 Island. 3.0 SITE DESIGN The mitigation site design incorporated four zones of habitat manifesting from gradual changes in substrate elevation and vegetative species composition. The four zones and the design acreage are listed below: (1) Open water tidal channel - 1.4 ac (2) Intertidal marsh (S. alterniflora) - 5.2 ac (3) Supratidal high marsh (S. patens) - 2.1 ac (4) Upland sand dune* - 2.0 ac TOTAL '10.7 ac (*Note: The upland sand dune was not intended to count toward the mitigation credit. Therefore, the design acreage of the mitigation area totaled 8.7 ac) 2 1 The tidal channel is intended to provide a conduit for tidal flushing and enhanced exchange of detrital material to adjacent open waters. In addition, the channel provides an increased edge effect that will favor fish utilization of restored S. alternj7ora habitat for feeding and refuge. 4.0 SITE GRADING 1 Pre-construction elevations of the island and the adjacent marsh were used to develop appropriate design contours for the restored wetland area. Design elevations were intended to mimic undisturbed reference marsh areas. All grading activities were completed in April 2003. Project engineers confirmed construction grades and ensured that surface elevations did not deviate significantly from the pre-construction intertidal contours. Final construction grades are documented on the attached `as-built' survey (see Figure 4). Photographs documenting site grading are provided in Appendix A. 5.0 SITE PLANTING Nursery stock seedlings of S. altern j7ora grown specifically for wetland creation and 1 restoration projects in this region were obtained from Campbell Nursery (Raleigh, NC). Nursery stock seedlings were approximately 16 weeks of age at the time of the plant delivery to the island. Sixty-six thousand (66,000) seedlings of S. alternflora were planted on 2-ft centers within an approximate 5.2-acre restored low marsh area. Planting was conducted within sandy sediments of the upper half of the local tidal range. An additional 15,000 seedlings of S. patens were planted on 2-ft centers within the 1.9-acre restored high marsh area. All seedlings received approximately 0.75 ounces of slow- release fertilizer (Osmocote) to accelerate initial growth. Site planting was conducted 1 1 1 1 during the last week of April and first week of May (2003). Refer to Appendix A for photographs of the island during site planting. Six hundred (600) shrubs were obtained from two in-state nurseries and planted on approximate 8-ft centers along the upper fringe of restored high marsh. Shrub species included M. cerifera, Iva frutescens, and Baccharis halimifolia. Each of these species is characteristic of upper high marsh habitat and occurs naturally within existing, undisturbed high marsh areas around the perimeter of the mitigation site. 6.0 AS-BUILT ACREAGE The following table (Table 1) provides a breakdown of mitigation site design acreage and as-built acreage: TABLE 1: MITIGATION SITE ACREAGE AREA DESIGN ACREAGE AS-BUILT ACREAGE Open Water Tidal Channel 1.4 1.42 Intertidal Marsh (S. alterniftora) 5.2 6.04 Supratidal High Marsh (S. patens) 21 1.21 Upland Sand Dune 2.0 1.89 Total 10.7 10.56 The deviation of design versus as-built acreage for intertidal marsh and high marsh is a result of a modification to design prior to construction. Based upon the observed presence of a Phragmites stand on the northeast edge of the island, project scientists opted to increase the slope of the high marsh area and concurrently decrease the area favorable for Phragmites invasion. By doing so, the intertidal marsh acreage increased accordingly. The constructed wetland replacement acreage (restored intertidal marsh + restored high marsh + tidal channel = 8.67 ac) deviated by only 0.03 acres from the design acreage (8.7). 0 4 7.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Site success criteria are used to evaluate the development of a created or restored wetland in relation to stated project goals and objectives. Monitoring of various biological and physical parameters help demonstrate the relative success of the marsh restoration site. The identified success criteria for the Mason Inlet mitigation site are: (1) "Demonstrated survival rate of plantings and naturally colonized individuals 1 to meet or exceed 75%, " and (2) "Vegetative density of the restoration marsh to meet or exceed 75% of the density of the reference marsh. " The Braun-Blanquet (B-B) Method (Braun-Blanquet 1965) will be used to determine the frequency of occurrence (i.e. survival), abundance, and density of vegetation within the restored marsh and the reference site. The B-B method prescribes scale values corresponding to variations in percent vegetative cover in a designated quadrat (e.g. one meter-square). From a survey of randomly selected quadrats, frequency of occurrence, abundance, and density can be calculated as follows: (1) Frequency of Occurrence = number of occupied quadrats / total number of quadrats, (2) Abundance = sum of B-B scale values / number of occupied quadrats, and 1 (3) Density = sum of B-B scale values / total number of quadrats. The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference marsh. The S. alternflora zone will experience semi-diurnal flooding of similar amplitudes and duration as those of adjacent natural S. alternflora stands. In addition, the high marsh zone will experience soil saturation in the upper 12 inches of substrate and be periodically inundated during storm events and lunar spring tides (mimicking natural high marsh habitat). 1 5 0 8.0 MONITORING PROTOCOL Monitoring of the mitigation site is conducted near the end of each growing season (September or October) to evaluate annual progress of the restoration effort. Natural marsh stands located adjacent to the mitigation area are also monitored to provide reference data (refer to Figure 4 for location of reference transects). Five (5) permanent transects were established within the restored marsh site and / corresponding GPS coordinates were recorded. One transect (M2) consists of three distinct monitoring areas separated by the split tidal channel. Two additional transects (RI and R2) have been established adjacent to the mitigation island within natural existing marsh. These serve as reference transects to be used in the collection of baseline vegetation and hydrologic data. The location of all monitoring transects are depicted on the `as-built' drawing (Figure 4). Quadrat samples are located during each monitoring event based upon randomly generated distances from the transect centerline. Planting densities are calculated based on percent cover within one meter-square quadrats according to the B-B method. A total of 56 quadrats are sampled for monitoring within the restored site. An additional 16 quadrats are sampled in the adjacent reference marsh. The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference marsh. To document restored and reference area hydrology, a total of four automated I tide gauges (manufactured by Remote Data Systems, Inc.) were installed on the site. Two gauges were installed in the restored marsh and two in the reference marsh (refer to Figure 4 for the location of tide gauges). Hydrology is being recorded each half-hour through the use of these automated devices. Annual monitoring reports are prepared and submitted for agency review each year for up to 5 years post construction. Each report provides qualitative and quantitative information related to site progress. In addition, the reports include an evaluation of the restored area relative to the conditions of the natural reference marsh. Frequency of 0 6 0 occurrence (survival), abundance, and density values for planted and volunteer S. alterniflora individuals are provided in the reports. Hydrographs for low and high marsh habitat zones in the restored marsh and the reference marsh are also provided. If at the end of the 3-year monitoring period annual site success criteria have been met, then no further monitoring will be conducted. If the site fails to meet the stated performance criteria, maintenance contingency measures (e.g. supplemental planting and/or'Phragmites growth control) will be implemented to rectify site deficiencies. Monitoring would then continue to the point at which reviewing agencies deem the site successful. 9.0 MONITORING RESULTS & RESTORATION SITE PROGRESS Mean percent coverage of S. alternifrora in the restored marsh (observed across all 56 quadrats) was 421/o. Mean percent coverage in the reference marsh (observed across 16 quadrats) was 54%. Using the B-B method (as described above), percent coverage was converted to a scale value for each quadrat (refer to Table 2 for summary data by transect). These scale values were then used for the determination of frequency of occurrence ("survival"), abundance, and density (see below). Frequency of Occurrence (Survival). = 100% Abundance,,, = 3.14 Density m = 3.14 Density, = 3.63 Density. / Density,. = 87% (m = mitigation site; r = reference site) The two lines in bold type above indicate those measurements related to the stated performance criteria. Both the survival rate and the relative percent density (mitigation 1 7 0 11 vs. reference) well exceed the 75% criteria. According to the B-B method, establishment of vegetation is considered successful if the calculated density at the restored site is equal to or greater than 75% of the calculated value for density at the reference site at the end of the fifth growing season. The Mason Inlet mitigation site exhibits 87% density after just the first growing season. TABLE 2. SUMMARY DATA BY TRANSECT (m = mitigation site; r = reference marsh) TRANSECT NUMBER OF QUADRATS SUM OF B-B SCALE VALUES CALCULATED DENSITY (B-B) M1 8 24 3.00 M2 22 63 2.86 M3 7 23 3.29 M4 13 49 3.77 M5 6 17 2.83 TOTAL, 56 176 3.14 R1 8 32 4.00 R2 8 26 3.25 TOTAL 16 58 3.63 The restored site exhibits semidiurnal flooding with tidal amplitudes and duration of flooding similar to adjacent reference marshes (see enclosed hydrographs in Appendix B). The site immediately showed indication of use by characteristic coastal marsh fauna - including fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), great blue heron, great egret, and various juvenile finfish within the tidal channel. S. altern flora growth (both culms and roots) appears to be robust (refer to site photographs in Appendix A). In addition, volunteer growth of S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and Salicornia spp. is evident along some areas of restored high marsh. The Phragrnites australis stand that existed on the island prior to mitigation 0 r site activities is reducing in size and stem density. Increased exposure to flooding and high saline waters is likely inhibiting Phragmites growth. Therefore, Phragmites does not appear to pose a threat at this time to the success of planted Spartina seedlings. The restored marsh area provides unique opportunities for applied academic research. There are currently two studies initiated at the mitigation site. One study, directed by Dr. David Padgett of UNC-Wilmington, will investigate the effect of seedling age on plant growth within the restored marsh. The other study, directed by Land Management 1 Group, Inc (LMG), will investigate the effect of fertilizer quantity on seedling growth. Research plots for both these studies have been established and are depicted on the as- built drawing (Figure 4). 10.0 CONCLUSION Based upon performance monitoring data collected through the first growing season (October 2003), the Mason Inlet mitigation site is progressing well toward a functional coastal marsh. Both the frequency of occurrence (survival) and the density (relative to reference plots) well exceed the 75% criteria. In addition, hydrology of the restored marsh areas is clearly matching reference wetland hydrology with respect to tidal amplitude and frequency of inundation. The site also is providing refuge and feeding habitat for resident and migratory fauna (as observed during numerous site inspections). Monitoring results suggest that the site will continue to develop conditions of a functional wetland system. Plant growth and site progress will continue to be documented in future annual monitoring reports. 0 9 M 11.0 REFERENCE LITERATURE Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant Sociology: The study of plant communities: translated, revised, and edited by C.D. Fuller and H. S. Conrad. Hafner, London. Broome, S.W., E. Seneca and W. Woodhouse, Jr. 1982. Building and Stabilizing Coastal Dunes with Vegetation. Pub. UNC Sea Grant 85-05. Broome, S.W. 1990. Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the Southeastern United States. pp. 37-72 in Kusler, M.E. (eds.) Wetland Creation and Restoration: the Status of the Science. Island Press, Washington DC. Hara, T., J. van der Toorn, and J.H. Mook. 1993. Growth dynamics and size structure of shoots of Phragmites australis, a clonal plant. J. Ecol. 81: 47-60. 0 10 111, THIS MAP FOR PRELIMINARY PLANNING ONLY SITE 0 N SCALE 1" = 2.4 miles Mason Inlet Relocation project Land Management Group, Inc, Wetland Mitigation Site Environmental consultants Figure 1. New Hanover County (NC) Wilmington, N.C. Site Vicinity Map t -4-? rwc rAA[D Gnta PRFI IPAINARY PI. ANNINC-, OMI Y r 1 0 4 Scotts Hill Quadrangle Approximate Project Boundary SCALE 1" = 2000' Mason Inlet Relocation Project Land Management Group, Inc. Figure 2. Wetland Mitigation Site Environmental Consultants USGS 7.5 Min. Topographic New Hanover County (NC) Wilmington, N.C. Quadrangle THIS MAP FOR PRELIMItJARY PLANNING ONLY Ket Cr h TM Nh R Lae (J/' ? r t iFr T ii f` r Y';: c f r?. ;r V t 'ti NT ,(I 'ra rk+7 X ,11'1 s r Uw< ` Mitigation Site q ?} ' l,t k .? T3`Y 9{ K?• f t? ',9; M` t r A r A 'tit, a nH"' i l of . ?? .f r *i J ? .l St' :. .. a. t v ,. ? 9 N fl Nil 41 r, 1.7 do s I ? ? 'r'c 1 ? / Nh f 4,1 .N id h. -,..\ s ?y r Mason Creek Mason Inlet a. Nr- #y? r rV,Ir ' rt ,a r S '4 Approximate boundary of restoration project 1 Nh F a. { - r ? ri4 1 4. 1 p.3 / N I?q f r ? ' ,'?' ? yYs t N r a The information contained on this map has been paced in the field and interpreted on the map using an aerial photograph. The distances and acreages shown are approximate and not meant to be absolute. SCALE 1" = 1320' Mason Inlet Relocation Project Land Management Group, Inc. Wetland Mitigation Site Environmental Consultants Figure 3. New Hanover County (NC) Wilmington, N.C. NH County Soil Survey 0 0 0 0 0 Ra Acreage ? d C) Area Acres Y ° v L Bare Sand 1,89 L -a Ln co m q a o MNT2 Spartina Patens 1,21 N a o p - ° Spartino Alterniflora 6,04 41 a) 41 Sulotidal Creeks 142 V) oda v, Ul Co t\ CD Vl u N N C d p d N Q?1 3 V1 o: L N - N R2 b d F- V2 41 o rn 3.5 34 39 3,8 1* N o °' sv m M 4 5 2.0 4.0 N L ri m aL c -41 26 2,0 22 2. a a d L g m? 3 37 35 24 2.1 3 2.1 20 2,3 0 3 L 39 39 2 .3 20 2.2 2 2.3 1 L 41 41 2 3,7 2 2.3 26 22 1 2 26 L 0. CL 5 0 0 IL 3 ` 1.6 22 1 8 1.7 17 2.1 26 2.3 15 A 18 19 .5 t5 1.6 17 .0 23 8 2. 12 .7 17 119 18 .3 2. 27R1b R10 25 2, 1,S 17 1.6 1 15 1, 28 W8112 Well1 3;9 2 2 1 7 17 16 14 1. 5 0 25 11 ?M3 6 _ 18 17 1,6 2. 2 3.5 3,6 .0 16 1. 16 19 3 2, 1,7 1' 1.6 1 o 2 I ! BASELINE E011 N UN 03 M L 24 .9 14 12 1 2,6 25 2. 2 2,5 15 1 2. L o d- Q? Ao a ? M3? 4 ;8 2.5 25 2, 24 2.4 0 .8 16 23 2 aQX: m W Lo M v 4- 4- 24 2,2 19 16 2,1 24 2, 22 2,2 2 0 2 %> $? 2.3 J 3 1 23 2, 21 1.9 2 1 u 0 3,6 3 0 > L +J 22 0 11 19 1J 14 L6 1 1. 2 3,9 4' 3 t 2 t USN d C¢ 22 2,1 19 - - ? 0 u 24 22 21 2. 15 _ 20 1.9 \ 2a8 Ma Q) A 6) L i d> i 3,7 2 3 22 21 l 5 2 2 0 2,0 1, 1 L 4 a v a V) 0) C j 23 22 21 2.2 24 2.6 2 2.4 25 2.4 25 2.1 2 2, 15 2 29 2.3 u a 3 0 ° N o -P -0 2.4 22 22 3 27 22 2 2.5 0 5 23 24 13 a s + 3"8 d 2.5 12 d o rn? 25 2,3 2,5 24 0 L a c x in c ? 11 48 5 3J 2 2.3 3W8111,0 5, 5,8 6, 8 58 M5 2.4 30 1, 1,3 O7 0 0 w d 0) C5 :p 0 0 > L Oj - 0-41 24 2,2 23 2,5 2 5, 6 2 72 6, 4 2.3 3 9 2. 7 w a a d 2 3 2,4 24 .2 0 6 7.7 77 .9 4 2.0 6 3 4 - .3 -4, A 2 811425 3, 2 2 2 7.8 72 8.6 6.8 4 22 39 3.6 28 1,9 -4, 49 Am 4,6 ,1 65 7,5 77 8.1 78 6,5 44 36 34 28 2,0 1-35 2 AM MNT5 o O C O + O O + r O dl 5.0 5,7 ,2 78 46 3,9 118 06 46 4,7 47 5.2 4, 65 7.4 6 48 4.3 1.8 14 c 2 4,3 44 4,8 4 3, 6.5 4,7 48 4,1? v? 3 42 4 35 3.3 4 4.1 4 2 4,3 315 4,1 ? U) ? ,y 3 2 3.5 3Q F 36 3,8 36 4 00 °O 0 o 6 3, O °0 a 00 0 100' 130' 0' 100' 0 3 + + + + + m 00 1- ( a M N MNT6 P o !Y • Sr_ale 1" = 100' H « « « ° "m H to N H to N y H ? a "?'1 W i H 9 APPENDIX A • SITE PHOTOGRAPHS • 0 0 • MASON INLET RELOCATION PROJECT - WETLAND MITIGATION ISLAND NEW HANOVER COUNTY (NC) SITE PHOTOGRAPHS (1) Aerial view of mitigation island during site excavation and grading t"' _ (2) Separation of historical disposal material during site grading $$ ryLgy? 'CR' a 0 0 0 % a „•jyj.'?` ??, :^ ' fly ?? - ? 4M ? .: 'l? ? _ .: ??i?p ? t ?' X Sig .4?" yR;.... (3) Excavated tidal channel prior to final grading ??..• iillw?•`?,'..,,Y .?i(31 Y??,A1?ll:?*'.^?°`?4 .24 .•A4Vf ?::?.,.? r"'°&ML1 ??peti .. "a'Ylt: i.. +tiasM'.. WrkP.?La'yl(,p $t4??! t; v' i x t.9,? yam, W us.e+l t '^ '1?4 - r (4) Entrance of tidal channel on southwestern edge of the mitigation island I 0 2 • u 0 vll -? r'S..J...s..nwu..a v.it.. .,..f=.•?+r»^'^:`-; ?.'?"?'...??:?.. -f^?-. Vim. x Xf.•.,y ¢`,4P,w t t fit, . 4[ W (5) Offloading and staging of Spartina seedlings during planting Im" (6) Planting of intertidal zone on 2-ft spacings 0 3 MASON INLET WETLAND MITIGATION ISLAND - SITE PHOTOGRAPHS • 0 0 MASON INLET WETLAND MITIGATION ISLAND - SITE PHOTOGRAPHS .• -...a••-' at y+?-r•; -??itcs ar.r,rw.--`:xcs.w - y:raM" _ . .. .?., _ _ .. . . t 1 1 E j 1 F . • } I 1 ? _J., ' . ? . T -., ., k• t _ {{ ? ? } ? ? 1 t/,.. v W , " j •. ? I?? C• t -, ut ? i ? r r aw ? ? ?;< .. "fir 5 i ? ?-*,c+ ; +'•+! (7) Tidal waters accessing the newly planted marsh on rising tide (May 2003) ATTENTION: ° ,awww.w«wl«,uon .• .Q. w .onQ eul N p/Ilc W bq out l Itp c t HN •M sh ms6e0yK. +? YN.11l-1 Q-th ??3, ?rr ?',? ,?1.u ly ny ta.pKlEM _ "µ*nR COMTy ` ! _ ,b, ..al+en. xK lk?ow,C M ? , A M I . NnLnaq ?wttlfMll A ? X x"J 4 S 'k7. jp- (8) View of northeastern entrance to mitigation area with informational sign in foreground and regulatory site meeting in background (June 2003) 4 • 1111 I• • • MASON INLET WETLAND MITIGATION ISLAND - SITE PHOTOGRAPHS P. 1 l J 1 4C f .R (9) Volunteer marsh species (Dislichlis spicala and Borrichia frulescens) in restored high marsh area (10) Regulatory site meeting with monitoring tide gauge in background (June 2003) 5 MASON INLET WETLAND MITIGATION ISLAND - SITE PHOTOGRAPHS C C: Jot. I i i j 41 ?ph } 1M (11) Downloading of tide data in restored marsh area (August 2003) j )41 (12) View of tide gauge in restored high marsh area (August 2003) 1 IIEd 6 lp 2 WETLAND MITIGATION ISLAND - SITE PHOTOGRAPHS (13) View of mitigation site in late September (2003) ' ? ?'ACWOr`QI?KYbd?w14?1=?.'.S`}gNgN11Ya'rAIFSw.K++.?[+?w.war+?^..--?.y.!t?tm? --.• :^r I 1 ', o `1 ij? rA, ? 1 1 1 1 1 ` 7 } / Y +? `? A?' i y r `?i ? .qf l?d ? t ` 4r i .lFr 3 4 /i' aFl kri ? ? ? ? 1K y:? is ,? 4 yfl l 1t 1i t it 1 1. h 1 y 1 ??, ritF 7? v F ty?i 1? i? r" tl ? 'l 1r t 1 1 a ? Py? I. ??? Y' 4 It i 1 o?g1. 11 1 ii r1t ? y , , ,? ? ? ? i ? ?`u iIJ ?+ t 1r?1 , , V' F 1 Y'I> I (a 1 ?? d 4 J k S? 1 ilY(?..i i ,fir` t ,(e ??11"i? ??I,i?i?,? `iF j1? ??`?It ?I?f 1???1?1 Q??•4n k' ? ?'? r?l ??? ??./ ry r4- y (14) View of mitigation site in late September (2003) 0 7 APPENDIX B TIDE GAUGE HYDROGRAPHS • 0 U) a ¦0 AV? rI ¦ O L 0 V 0 • N a 0 U) m • Tide (ft) ? C7 I C N N N O 00 ci9 ? ? v ?F f, c 9 F00r Fr W I Fop 3 O F F 90 ?r b ?•Y.- F Fly O 2 l? 3 90 v FO02j GOOF F ??O > v F°p l?9 3 Fpp O 2 0 m 90 F °pl 00 .-. pFj90 ' Apr 3 9p w FOOT/G L l <z Fp 90 OF 6?? 3 fop 9p o r 4p °/-, 3 FOve" c 61i? 9 Fpp ? ? S F ?? 9p H O 00?d o p Fp pr F lpl90 00r/ U F 9p '917 N ?lj C „ /p a' fry N ^ O ,10 w? G II VIII 0 Tide (4) Q M N ? O x ii ¦ O L A 0 4a A? W ul s N p, N •-- V V N ? M N (8) -!W-19 -VAN ? FO - O2 C >z BOO O ? ro c v Of. ,o v .v. 90 v Ell- Z .0 2i A fO 9p OF W -- f, r9p 3 62,$ ? 6 290 2??2/9 a?i fOp2 ° v 829 ? O 00 y 2l,2% a3i F0 c t y F? 90 a' 2'! fpp 2? v ??9 0 110p2 ° 56 ip c el 72 0 0 fOp2 a y2iy Fp O 02 ? X90 3 c v -0e, i$ ?v ?pp2 ? 21 f p M °O2' 3 f ?2/9p o 9 O fOri 2s? .a ?a 0 fp 9p .D 0242/9 ? fpp2 O X 29 110 O 19 U 'A- O r,90 ?6 b N 0 0 • 0 } U) a 0 T t?+ V O L 0 V _o W N O N "Tide (tt) N 0 FO°r c > 70- > FO 9 c 19e '. FO°i ? z o 9 f° v 9 O? FO fU 19e ?O ° F1, ° ro ° r'd? 3 ? v F °°ed v FO °c'?d -1 v f° v e°° rt l 19e- ea °e e'I °l - f'c 3 °°er v F° fo == °z ; e% 3 °lr I s f° °r x o 12 12 ?o° x v e-I F° 19 ro9- 111,919 9 f0 O? °rl, F M N O N 0 611-1 0 (g) no»ena?a iateM .? 0 Cklc rft 1 I cn r. ¦0 ¦ ^V' W ¦, 0 L. o. 0 ¦ V 0 W N 0 ca 6 ?5 N Fpp u v z O El? L W "? Fpp ? ? c ? y Fp Or r 1?9 i fp?l / c rl F-V ! rr ? N Fpp v , E, jJ?! kb pp - Epp t ? Fp ?' pr it ._ - Fpp ! v 2 b p F ! pprOf v r F? ` o 1p m O F y - pri v 3 zJ, Fop ! w° ai Fpp a -0! rn Fp - Or y 3 Fp o pr3` o ! F o Fp ?o Fpp c,! H Fpp O 129 19"! ! F Fppr/! ? v cn ci . c ri i! o (g) uotlenal3 ?3eM v I Tide (It') 1 1 y / C C v 4) •O L. CL a O V 0 rI _W M rO r/ ? rn O N L ? 7 7 O FOOT N N O ' 02i! y °?9 v F00 v fOc' Z c f. 6` v °0 w 6 5 fOU , zzd FU I O _ r/Fl v f 00? 8Ji ? I? F ! ', ?7F'8j 3 1119 02 F ! ? fi! d Fb e, F? ! o r9 m o FOO v n; FOO2 y a 9? 3 FOO 2?s F s! •f ri ! z ! v v X26 0 ti FOO 6fi! ? F 0026 002if 7; i F F002 V M CJ ,--p N F? O W i (g) uor?enala ?1eM a, 0 o? ' 7 Q O > C7 ? c7 0 • .• ^V W O L CL a O V O W N O N l i ? rr IJi i ' I • 'F I i ? to N -^ O (g) uogena?? ?ai¢M Fp v v o Ve r! a?i c •o v FoOr ? a v i9r/! 21 0 70 rte! > £UO 41 W Est! FG 0 is ! > v /do F `{7r?dr 3 i! v F ooF y ?d X v rid ?i! v F0 '£ v ?r/Fry 3 F?j ! o £?F m f00 e a z 3 E1 ! £oore -! F " d ,49, f, ! F $ F% ! rl, w rV 1100 Oy E £- £O! 0 li N O'!