19950140 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19950214

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary
April 23, 1995
Dr. G. Wayne Wright
Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28401
Dear Dr. Wright:
& LT.WYWA
14.10
1:3 EHNR
In keeping with your request, this office has circulated to interested state review agencies
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Public Notice and Action ID. No. 199501387 dated February
2, 1995 which describes a project proposal by the Town of Black Mountain. The project,
involving shoreline stabilization, is located on Lake Tomahawk in Black Mountain, in Buncombe
County.
Based on a coordinated agency review, the state interposes no objection to the shoreline
stabilization project. Only two of our cooperating agencies submitted written comments. These
important recommendations, supported by this state viewpoint, are as follows:
Wildlife Resources Commission:
1) The lake water level should be drawn down gradually to avoid
movement of sediments into downstream waters. Catch basins,
flashboards, or other devices should be employed if significant
areas of the lake bed are exposed to erosion during drawdown.
2) Stringent erosion control measures should be employed between
the work area and downstream aquatic habitat and maintained
daily for the duration of the project. Elevated turbidity levels
in downstream waters may adversely affect trout resources and
would be viewed by the NCWRC as a violation of permit con-
ditions.
For the record, the Division of Environmental Management issued the required Section
401 Water Quality Certification on March 21. Certificate No. 2986 includes important
environmental safeguards, including a requirement not to introduce fresh concrete into the waters
of the Lake.
P. O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Dr. G. Wayne Wright
Page 2
April 23, 1995
Should you require additional input from the state on this matter, do not hesitate to
contact this office or the commenting agencies.
Very sincerely,
?Q .
Jo R. Parker, Jr.
Inland '404 Coordinator
JRP: jr/aw
cc: Wildlife Resources Commission /
Division of Environmental Management V
COE-Asheville

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
March 21, 1995
Mr. Al Richardson
Town Manager
Town of Black Mountain
102 Montreat Road
Black Mountain, N.C. 28711
Dear Mr. Richardson:
?EHNR
Subject: Certification Pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal
Clean Water Act,
Proposed stabilization of shoreline in Lake Tomahawk
Project # 95140, COE # 199501387
Buncombe County
Attached hereto is a copy of Certification No. 2986 issued to Town of Black Mountain
dated 21 March 1995.
If we can be of further assistance, do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
ton Ho d, Jr. P.E.
Attachments
2986.wgc
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
Asheville DEM Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Mr. John Parker, Division of Coastal Management
Central Files
R0. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

NORTH CAROLINA
Buncombe County
CERTIFICATION
THIS CERTIFICATION is issued in conformity with the requirements of Section 401 Public
Laws 92-500 and 95-217 of the United States and subject to the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management Regulations in 15 NCAC 2H, Section .0500 to Town of Black Mountain
resulting in waters impact in Buncombe County pursuant to an application filed on the 9th day of
February of 1995 to stabilize about 3,140 feet of shoreline of Lake Tomahawk.
The Application provides adequate assurance that the discharge of fill material into the waters
of Lake Tomahawk in conjunction with the proposed development in Buncombe County will not result
in a violation of applicable Water Quality Standards and discharge guidelines. Therefore, the State of
North Carolina certifies that this activity will not violate Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, 307 of PL 92-
500 and PL 95-217 if conducted in accordance with the application and conditions hereinafter set
forth.
Condition(s) of Certification:
That the activity be conducted in such a manner as to prevent significant
increase in turbidity outside the area of construction or construction
related discharge (50 NTUs in streams and rivers not designated as trout
waters by DEM; 25 NTUs in all saltwater classes, and all lakes and
reservoirs; 10 NTUs in trout waters).
2. That no live (fresh) concrete shall contact waters of Lake Tomahawk.
Violations of any condition herein set forth shall result in revocation of this Certification. This
Certification shall become null and void unless the above conditions are made conditions of the
Federal 404 and/or Coastal Area Management Act Permit. This Certification shall expire upon
expiration of the 404 or CAMA permit.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon
written request within thirty (30) days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in
the form of a written petition conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes and
filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh., N.C. 27611-7447. Unless
such demands are made, this Certification shall be final and binding.
This the 21st day of March, 1995.
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
t n How , Jr. E.
WQC# 2986
95 q6
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
Regulatory Branch
January 30, 1995
Action ID No. 199501387 %0S/VFQ
Mr. John Dorney FF8 0 9
Division of Environmental Management ENVIR 199S
North Carolina Department of O""aNT'9?SCl
Environment, Health and °^'^N FNCES
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Enclosed is the application of the Town of Black Mountain for Department
of the Army authorization and a State Water Quality Certification to discharge
fill material into Lake Tomahawk in conjunction with shoreline stabilization
activities in Buncombe County, North Carolina. Your receipt of this letter
verifies your acceptance of a valid request for certification in accordance
with Section 325.2(b)(ii) of our administrative regulations.
we are considering authorizing the proposed activity pursuant to Section
404 of the Clean Water Act, and we have determined that a water quality
certification is required under the provisions of Section 401 of the same law.
A Department of the Army permit will not be granted until the certification
has been obtained or waived.
In accordance with our administrative regulations, in most cases, 60 days
after receipt of a request for certification is a reasonable time for State
action. Therefore, if you have not acted on the request, or asked for an
extension of time, by March 30, 1995, the District Engineer will deem that
waiver has occurred.
Questions or comments may be addressed to David Baker, Asheville Field
Office, Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
e Wri
Chie , Regula ory Branch
Enclosure
Copy Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Printed on 0 Recycled Paper
APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT I OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-003
f33 CFR 3251 Expires October 1996
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 5 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send
comments regardstg this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to
Departmosnt of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service Directorate of InformationOperations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite
1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-0003), Washington, DC
20503. Please DO NO RETURN your form to either of those addresses. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having
jurisdiction over the location of the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT /(?CT-50139 2, 33 USC 401, Section 10; 1413, Section 404. Principal Purpose: These laws require permits authorizing activit s, or affecting,
navigable waters of the United States, the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, and the transportation of dredged
material for the purpose of dumping it into ocean waters. Routine Uses: Information provided on this form will be used in evaluating the application
for a pemtit. Disclosure: Disclosure of requested information is voluntary. If information is not provided, however, the permit application cannot be
processed nor can a permit be issued.
One set of original drawings or good reproducible nopies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
application (see sample drawings and instructionsl and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed
activity. An application that is not completed in full will be returned.
1. APPLICATION NO
117101387
2. FIELD OFFICE CODE 13. DATE RECEIVED 14. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
nrcese act nw re) Rc cn / cn RV APP/ lrAN71
5. APPLICANT'S NAME B. AUTHORIZED AGENT'S NAME AND TITLE (an agent is not required)
Al Richardson, Town Manager
-iown of Black Mountain
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS 9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
102 Montreat Road
Black Mountain, NC 28711
7 APPLICANT'S PHONE W /AREA CODE 1 AGENT'S PHONE W/AREA CODE

a. Residence N/A a. Residence
b. Business 704/665-5102 b. Business
11, STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
I hereby authorize, to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to
furnish, upon request, supplemental information in support of this permit application.
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE
DATE
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE (see instructions)
Lake Tomahawk Stabilization Project - Phase I
13. NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN tit eppiicabie)
Lake Tomahawk
'5. LOCATION OF PROJECT
Buncombe
COUNTY
North Carolina
STATE
14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS fitappiicabiei
Rhododendron Avenue
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN, (seeinstructionsl
Town oP Black Mountain
7. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
U.S. 70 to Cragmount Road
Cragmount Road to Rhododendron Avenue
ENG FORM 4345, Feb 4 EDITION OF SEP 91 IS OBSOLETE. (Proponent:
18. Nature of Activity (Descriptionofproject, inciudeaNtestures) The Project consists of installing a concrete modular block
wall (Base Bid), concrete bag wall (Alt. #1) or boulder wall (Alt. #2) along approximately 3,140
linear f=eet of lake and island shoreline. Phase I of the project will be constructed this Spring,
consisting of 1,100 linear feet. The future phases of construction will be completed within a
period-oF Five (5) years. The water level of the lake will be lowered to accommodate construction
19. Project Purpose wescriee the reason or purpose of tie project, see instrucUens! The purpose of the project is to stabilize the
erosion of the lake shoreline and to protect nearby existing footpaths and structures.
USE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. Reason(s) for Discharge
N/A
21. Type(s) of Material Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type in Cubic Yards
22. Surface Area in Acres of Wetlands or Other Waters Filled tree instructions)
0.05 acres
23. Is Any Portion of the Work Already Complete? Yes No X IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
24. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners, Lessees, Etc., Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody (If more than can be entered here,
please attach a supplemental list).
Town of Black Mountain
102 Montreat Road
Black Mountain, NC 28711
25. List of Other Certifications or Approvals/Denials Received from other Federal, State or Local Agencies for Work Described in This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL" IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
NCOEHNR, Land Erosion Control 1/12/S5 pending
Quality Section
"Would include but is not restricted to zoning, building and flood plain permits
26. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the work described in this application. 1 certify that the information in this
application is com late and accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work described herein or am acting as the
/duly autho 'ze ent he ap a
SI NATURE OF APPLICANT DATE SIGNATURE OF AGENT DATE
The application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement in block 11 has been filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States
knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or entry, shall be fined not more than 810,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.
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102 MONTREAT ROAD
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
APPLICATION BY: TOWN OF BLACK MOUNTAIN
SHEET 4 OF 7 DATE: 1-12-95
FINISHED GRADE
CAP BLOCK
MORTARLESS, MODULAR CONCRETE BLOCK
RUNNING BOND COURSE PATTERN _
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CONCRETE MODULAR BLOCK WALL (BASE BID)
NOT TO SCALE
FINISHED GRADE
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RUNNING DOm COURSE PATTERN
BATTER EACH
CO(TIN13 3/4' WASHED CRUSHED
STOW FODTING CMCDOT 437 STONE)
FILTER FABRIC
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UNDISTURBED LAKE BED
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COURSE MM BELOW LAKE BOTTOM GRADE
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LAKE TOMAHAWK STABILIZATION PROJECT
102 MONTREAT ROAD
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
APPLICATION BY: TOWN OF BLACK MOUNTAIN
SHEET 5 ?F 7 DATEi 1-12-95
EXISTING GRADE
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LAKE TOMAHAWK STABILIZATION PROJECT
102 MONTREAT ROAD
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
APPLICATION BY: TOWN OF BLACK MOUNTAIN
SHEET 6 OF 7 DATE: 1-12-95
CORRUGATED METAL PIPE
CONCRETE COLLAR. 3AO PSI
CONCRETE MODULAR BLOCK WALL
STORM DRAIN HEADWALL - ELEVATION
NOT TO SCALE
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102 MONTREAT ROAD
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
APPLICATION BY: TOWN OF BLACK MOUNTAIN
SHEET 7 OF 7 DATE: 1-12-95
EXISTING GRADE
SPADED EDGE
PATH SURFACE
WASHED SCREENINGS, GROVE
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QQe e,n4 CZNCES
RECEIVED
MAR 0 9 1995
ENy?N? AL??NCfS
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: John R. Parker, Jr., Inland 404 Coordinator
Division of Coastal Management, DEHNR
FROM: David Yow, District 9 Habitat BiologistiR4
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: March 6, 1995
SUBJECT: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Action ID No.
199501387, request from Town of Black Mountain to
perform shoreline stabilization on Lake Tomahawk,
Buncombe County, North Carolina.
This memorandum responds to a request from the
applicant for a Corps 404 permit to conduct the subject
dredging activity. The N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) has reviewed the proposed project, and our comments
are provided in accordance with provisions of the Clean
Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et seq) and the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
The proposed bank stabilization work involves lake
drawdown to allow equipment access. While we concur that a
dry work area will reduce construction impacts to aquatic
habitat, it is important that sediments from the lake bed
are not flushed into the Swannanoa River during and after
intitial drawdown. Such sedimentation impacts to downstream
waters are a recurring problem in lake maintenance projects
and should be avoided during the proposed work.
The Swannanoa River is managed by the NCWRC as Hatchery
Supported Public Mountain Trout Waters. We are concerned
about fish habitat impacts resulting from the proposed work.
However, the NCWRC does not object to issuance of a 404
permit for the proposed work, provided the following
recommendations are included as permit conditions:
// /
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N
Action 199501387 Page 2 March 6, 1995
1. The lake water level should be drawn down gradually
to avoid movement of sediments into downstream
waters. Catch basins, flashboards, or other
devices should be employed if significant areas of
the lake bed are exposed to erosion during
drawdown.
2. Stringent erosion control measures should be
employed between the work area and downstream
aquatic habitat and maintained daily for the
duration of the project. Elevated turbidity levels
in downstream waters may adversely affect trout
resources and would be viewed by the NCWRC as a
violation of permit conditions.
Thank you for the opportunity to provide input in the
planning stages for this project. If I can further assist
your office, please contact me at [phone].
CC: Micky Clemmons, District 9 Fisheries Biologist
Joffrey Brooks, District 9 Wildlife Biologist
Robert Johnson, Manager, Asheville Field Office, USAGE
/John Dorney, Division of Environmental Management
Janice Nicholls, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Roger N, Schecter, Director
MEMORANDUM
February 10, 1995
TO: Mr. A. Preston Howard, P. E.
Director
Division of Environmental Management
FROM: John R. Parker, Jr.
Inland "404" Coordinator
SUBJECT: "404" Project Review

The attached U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Public Notice for Action No. 1995001387 dated
February 2, 1995 describing a proposed project by Town of Black Mountain (Al Richardson), is
being circulated to interested state agencies for comments on applicable Section 404 and/or Section
10 permits.
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and return this
form by March 6, 1995 If you have any questions regarding the proposed project, please contact
me at 733-2293. When appropriate, in-depth comments with supporting data is requested.
REPLY
Signed
This office supports the project proposal.
No comment.
Comments on this project are attached.
This office objects to the project as proposed.
Date
E) FE F=1
P,O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
James B, Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary
Roger N, Schecter, Director
February 10, 1995
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mr. A. Preston Howard, P. E.
Director
Division of Environmental Management
FROM: John R. Parker, Jr.
Inland "404" Coordinator
SUBJECT: "404" Project Review
KX
E:) FE F1
The attached U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Public Notice for Action No. 1995001387 dated
February 2, 1995 describing a proposed project by Town of Black Mountain (At Richardson), is
being circulated to interested state agencies for comments on applicable Section 404 and/or Section
10 permits.
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and return this
form by March 6, 1995 If you have any questions regarding the proposed project, please contact
me at 733-2293. When appropriate, in-depth comments with supporting data is requested.
REPLY This office supports the project proposal.
No comment.
Comments on this project are attached.
This office objects to the project as proposed.
Signed Date
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAY, 919-733-1495
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Acton Employer 5D%recy,deci! 1 ? post-consumer paper
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Action ID No. 199501387
February 2, 1995
AL RICHARDSON, TOWN MANAGER, TOWN OF BLACK MOUNTAIN, 102 MONTREAT ROAD, BLACK
MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA 28711 has applied for a Department of the Army (DA)
permit TO DISCHARGE FILL MATERIAL INTO LAKE TOMAHAWK IN CONJUNCTION WITH
STABILIZATION OF THE LAKE AND ISLAND SHORELINES in Black Mountain, Buncombe
County, North Carolina.
The following description of the work is taken from data provided by the
applicant and from observations, made during an onsite visit by a
representative of the Corps of Engineers. Plans submitted with the
application show the stabilization of a total of 3,140 feet of shoreline with
either a concrete block modular wall (base bid), concrete bag wall
(alternative No. 1), or a boulder wall (alternative No. 2). Phase I of the
project is scheduled for the spring of 1995, and will consist of approximately
1,100 linear feet of stabilization along the northern end of the lake. The
remaining phases of the project are to be completed within a five year period.
The water level of the lake will be lowered during construction to allow for
work in the dry. The purpose of the work is to stabilize the erosion of the
lake shoreline thereby protecting nearby footpaths and structures. Plans
showing the work are included with this public notice.
The State of North Carolina will review this public notice to determine
the need for the applicant to obtain any required State authorization. No
Department of the Army (DA) permit will be issued until the coordinated State
viewpoint on the proposal has been received and reviewed by this agency, nor
will a DA permit be issued until the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) has determined the applicability of a Water Quality
Certificate as required by PL 92-500.
This application is being considered pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). Any person may request, in writing within the
comment period specified in the notice, that a public hearing be held to
consider this application. Requests for public hearing shall state, with
particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing.
The District Engineer has consulted the latest published version of the
National Register of Historic Places for the presence or absence of registered
properties, or properties listed as being eligible for inclusion therein, and
this worksite is not registered property or property listed as being eligible
for inclusion in the Register. Consultation of the National Register
constitutes the extent of cultural resource investigations by the District
Engineer, and he is otherwise unaware of the presence of such resources.
Presently, unknown archeological, scientific, prehistorical, or historical
data may be lost or destroyed by work under the requested permit.
The District Engineer, based on available information, is not aware that
the proposed activity will affect species, or their critical habitat,
designated as endangered or threatened pursuant to the Endangered Species Act
of 1973.
V
3
The North Carolina Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM) plans to
take final action in the issuance of the Clean Water Act certification on or
after March 24, 1995.
All persons desiring to make comments regarding the application for Clean
Water Act certification should do so in writing delivered to the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), Post Office Box 27687,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687, on or before February 24, 1995,
Attention: Mr. John Dorney.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as outlined above, will
be received in this office, Attention: David Baker, until 4:15 p.m., March 6,
1995, or telephone [phone].
RC1! BY:Wilmington District ; 1-26-95 ; 15:15 ; US ARMY CORPS/ENGRS-

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RC1' B.Y:Wilmington District ; 1-26-95 ; 15:16 ; US ARMY CORPS,ENGRS-, USACE-Reg, Branch;# 5
LAKE TOMAHAWK STABILIZATION PROJECT
102 MQNTREAT ROAD
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
APPLICATION BY, TOWN DF BLACK MOUNTAIN
SHEET 5 OF 7 DATE, I--12-95
EXItTMG GRADE
KIRM BOOK ERDSIDN --•
CHTROL fAlRU:
L7? Woe $5
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R'CV 5Y"'Wi,imington District 1-26-55 ; 15:17 ; US ARMY COR?S/ENGRS-{
LAKE '111MAI AWK STADILIL ATION PROJECT
102 MONTREAT ROAD
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA
BUNCOMBE COUNTY
APPLIC'A1'ION BY, T01„'N O BLACK MOUNTAIN
SHEET 7 OF 7 DATEi 1-12-95
USACE-Reg, Branch;# 7
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