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Home My WebLink About19941003 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19941027State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Management James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director AT." F dAg4* ID FE F=1 January 5, 1995 Camden County DEM Project # 941003 APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification Mr. Forrest L. Bartlett 115 Shore Drive Shiloh, N.C. 27974 FILE COP, Dear Mr. Bartlett: You have our approval to place fill material in 0.1 acres of wetlands or waters for the purpose of debris elimination at NC 343 on Pasquotank River, as you described in your application dated 25 October 1994. After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General Water Quality Certification Number 2733. This certification allows you to use Nationwide Permit Number 18 when it is issued by the Corps of Engineers. This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application. If you change your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application. For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached certification. In addition, you should get any other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project. If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may,ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must act within 30 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition which conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing. This letter completes the review of the Division of Environmental Management under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Domey at 919-733-1786. Sincerely, Po n Howard, Jr. P. Attachment cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Washington Feld Office Washington DEM Regional Office Mr. John Dorney Central Files George Wood; Environmental Professionals 941003.1tr P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-7015 FAX 919-733-2496 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper ENVIBONMEIVTTi PBO M0NAL% INC. Planning for a better environment (919) 441-0239 tor/ December 21, 1994 ON/ Dec '?,6 V40VT44 ?Y94 S North Carolina Division of Environmental Management Attn: Mr. John Dorney P. 0. Box 29535 Raleigh, NC 27626-0535 Dear Mr. Dorney: This letter is with regard to project no. 941003, Mr. Forrest Barlett. Your letter of December 9, 1994, requested additional information to indicate the need for fill material which was to be placed in .1 acres of wetlands located at this project. Our firm has been working with Mr. Bartlett in the development of his homesite on this property. Perhaps the most difficult component of the development of the homesite was this gut which runs into the high ground and is adjacent to the Pasquotank River. This wetland gut has become the repository of all of the debris which has floated in from Pasquotank River, as well as perhaps some historic dumping from the previous owner. The low area is contained by high ground on either side and is littered with broken glass, plastic bottles and other trash that float in from the River, as well as various amounts of rubble. The applicant has taken great effort to clean this area, however, it constantly receives influx of new garbage. Therefore, the request for this fill is to remove the unsightly debris and eliminate the pocket in which this debris accumulates. I hope that this information will be sufficient for your continued processing of this application. Sincerely, J •P/pw/ George H. Wood, CEP cc: Forrest Bartlett 115 Shore Drive Shiloh, NC 27974 P.O. BOX 3368 - KILL DEVIL HILLS, NORTH CAROLINA 27948-3368 State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Management James B. Hunt, Jr„ Governor Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director Mr. Forrest L. Bartlett 115 Shore Drive Shiloh, N.C. 27974 Project # 941003 Dear Mr. Bartlett ILTIFWA AK%4 IDA ?EHNR AtiLE C"'u'PY The Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section has reviewed your plans for the discharge of fill material into 0.1 acres of waters and/or wetlands located at NC 343 on Pasquotank River in Camden County to prevent the accumulation of debris. Based on this review, we have identified significant uses which would be removed by this project. These uses are water storage, shoreline stabilization, pollutant removal, aquatic life and wildlife habitat. Furthermore, insufficient evidence is present in our files to conclude that your project must be built as planned in waters and/or wetlands. Therefore, we are moving toward denial of your 401 Certification as required by 15A NCAC 2B.0109. Until we receive additional information, we are requesting (by copy of this letter) that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and/or the N.C. Division of Coastal Management place your project on administrative hold. Please provide us with information supporting your position that your project must be constructed as planned and that you have no practicable alternative to placing fill in these waters and/or wetlands. Specifically can you construct your development without filling these wetlands? Any documentation such as maps and narrative that you can supply to address alternative designs for your project may be helpful in our review of your 401 Certification. Please respond within two weeks of the date of this letter by sending a copy of this information to me and one copy to our Ms. Deborah Sawyer at the Washington Regional Office at 1424 Carolina Avenue, Washington, N.C. 27889. Sincerely, 941003.nty cc: Washington DEM Regional Office December 9, 1994 4Jn R. Domey Wetlands and Techn* a Rcview Group Wilmington Office Corps of Engineers Central Files George Wood; Environmental Professional Pete Komegay; N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-7015 FAX 919-733-2496 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper WD O W i- ? L W O W ..1 2 3- Z O Z w w K w f 7 Z w 0 0 u < I w a a? c O L O O_ i J V S ? b cu l?n 00 W c? IUl v N ro ? a ? m O N m ? ? a Z C R1 t N N c I E c 0 > w 0 Q- a> Z ??EM IDs ACTION IDs NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT 0)s ty?lA/_P /S JOINT FORM FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION WILMINGTON DISTRICT ENGINEER CORPS OF ENGINEERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY P.O. BOX 1890 WILMINGTON, NC 28402-1890 ATTN: CESAW-CO-E Telephone (919) 251-4511 4 WATER QUALITY PLANNING DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT?- ?NT,_, HEALTH,, NC DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONME ,ate , .__0i I ?hl I1 AND NATURAL RESOURC$` . P.O. BOX 29535 RALEIGH, NC 27626-0535 ATTN s . MR. JOHN DORNEY Telephone (919) 733-5083 ONE (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. PLEASE PRINT. 1.+. OWNERS NAME: &L t- e- 2. OWNERS ADDRESSt 3. OWNERS PHONE NUMBER (HOME): Q/q -'- 336' SL7,2-0 (WORK) t N//4 4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER: C-m J:9oNNj c M j-A L Pr-n P. CD a, 2 T 9 ? 4 4<<F ? - ? 5. LOCATION OF WORK (MUST ATTACH MAP). COUNTY: _rA M fNE N S?t i J o l1 _ --? NEAREST TOWN OR CITY t SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.)t tJ ?. ?.s? ?o.sQ u o -?c? K 9'b-t.. ae_4seey_,,-. .5.< eL/4 Y• s2,' Y?r02 f 6. NAME OF CLOSEST STREAM/RIVER:?SQc1e)?t_ ?L/ - 7. RIVER BASIN: I_(L S Q Vp 4a..,, 8. IS THIS PROJECT LOCATED IN A WATERSHED CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, SA, HQW, ORW, WS I, OR WS II? YES ( J NO 9. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS PROPERTY? YES ( J NO Ivf IF YES, EXPLAIN. 10. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WATERS OF THE U.S., INCLUDING WETLANDS, LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE: 1/.14/93. R -2- EXCAVATED: p u;:.•^?,; /o i•:;'?' . TOTAL IMPACTED: 12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK (ATTACH PLANS): 36-6'tf 11. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLAND IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT: FILLED: . ?? DRAINED: FLOODED: O 13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: 7-,o a/,;, i O(C 1sw5 -Ahy-./ a.cc?my?. 9 /N 1L?i 14. STATE REASONS WHY THE APPLICANT BELIEVES THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED OUT IN WETLANDS. ALSO, NOTE MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND IMPACTS. 15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ,...•, (USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OR ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED. -, SPECIES OR CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY.T,"E PROPOSED PROJECT. HAVE YOU DONE SO? YES kj NO [ ) RESPONSES FROM THE USFWS AND/OR NMFS SHOULD BE ATTACHED.' ?`'•` 16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER (SHPO) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA'WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT? HAVE YOU DONE SO? YES ?X) NO [ ] RESPONSE FROM THE SHPO SHOULD BE ATTACHED. 17. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED BY DEM: r. ,+ WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, AND LAKES ON THE PROPERTY. B. IF AVAILABLE, PROJECT. REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE IMPACTED-BY ,/C-. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE. INCLUDE ALL DATA.SHEETS D. IF A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IS REQUIRED FOR THIS PROJECT, ATTACH COPY. E. WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY? F. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?',"'"' ;)" ''k,3"r?l'' ONS;TE. 5:!e+,,, I R'S SIGNATURE ATE PHONE CONVERSATION RECORD /r1 s TALKED WITH. .? ""p. ?e'.G..? ...? ... DATE io%y/yv TIME /ot? 0 PM 0F..US Fr?lt.dWi?cl?i PHONE NO. ql4-BSCo-?f3-??o RE T(VJ!2.*e ..?? . F". . cr.. ....% .......................... . ?i PLED CALL ..PARTY CALLED MY 4-. ESSAGE ..REPLY.... 4 0..f3?j4I??, :•.`.c :+? ./V.W.(.1../?.. C ?. C: PA--" . C0 .......................... ...................................................... PARTY'S ..MESSAGE ..REPLY ............................. ACTION OR FOLLOW UP NECESSARY ......................... ...................................................... . .................... REFER TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?F E SIGNED.... ....... PHONE CONVERSATION RECORD TALKED W TH./ 9r'/" F- .. ........ DATE /& /,z-//Q44TIME /0--,27& PM OF ... lU li?'a /yfgvi;?;? ,f 5l? ate" ...... PHONE NO. 74,e 7as S-t?g'D RE.. /U!^? ??!-:?:...................... ?.1 PLACED CALL ..PARTY CALLED MY .`-.MASSAGE ..REPLY. CID, ....................................................... PARTY'S . MESSAGE S/REPLY .. D/? °?.,p?. ?"???- ?s ..."! ............................................... ACTION OR FOLLOW UP NECESSARY ......................... REFER TO ....................--F-I-LE ;?7- /-" /'-? ......... PHON//EIl CONVERSATION RECORD TALKED WITH ... S^:?^Jr?` . ? J ..... DATE /o /ate/ yUT IME I0:3o & PM OF .../? rcG?; ves 1? !?'?s7 ............ PHONE NO. ceiq 73 3 - 7 3 yp'L RE .?.L'.?Y/B... !r??r:?.1.?:+rf//? ......................... .-4- PLA?D CALL ..PARTY CALLED ?I J MY V- ESSAGE ..REPLY. ....................?.................................. PARTY'S•/...MESSAGE /REP/LY•?a:^...a.Z s i?- . .? a Q S. 1 ?1re?? l.t. .4-L--. tt 5?Y' 1 . . ./ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACTION OR FOLLOW UP NECESSARY ......................... . REFER TO ....................ILE SIGNED.. ......... U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Wilmington District Action ID: Tl ! L101 9& - County: L 4M)& /Y Notification of Jurisdictional Determination Property owner/Authorized Agent 111/`, itorCST 12a r/ le/1 Address ?! 5 Jl d/"e. dJ/`i?YL? Ai. r -a r? 9 Telephone Numbcr L 212) 33 6- Y726 S Indicate Which of the following apply: • • B 'a c of the si/c(. pr cty and our present w our identification a eh ation of your elas cannot ishc in a timely man r. You ma wish to employ onsultan to obtain a more ti ely delinhe we ands. Once r consultant h s (lagged a w land line on th roperty, Corps st ff will red, if it i accurat c strongly recomm d tha u have the line surveyed for /without inal apps wal by The Cor : not make a final jurisdich • determination on your property an ved survey. The wetlands on your lot have been delineated, and the limits of Corps jurisdiction have been explained to you. Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed three years from the date of this notification. • There are no wet • Is present on the a e described p ert which are subjec the permit /or uirements o ection 04 of the Clc? ater ct (33 USC 1344). less they a Chan in the law o r publis regulatio this de mination ma elicd upon for a p not to exceed t e ear om c tc of this notifica The project is located in one of the 20 Coastal Counties. You should contact the nearest State Office of Coastal Management to determine their requirements. Placement of dredged or fill material in wetlands on this property without a Department of the Army permit is in most cases a violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1311). A permit is not required for work on the property restricted entirely to existing high ground. If you have any questions regarding he Corps of Engineers regulato(g progr m, please contact / at 9"7S Property owner/Authorized Agent S;gnatwc Project Manager Signature Date 6" C` T C/ Expiration Date 6-6-27 SURVEY PLAT OR FIELD SKETCH OF DESCRIBED PROPERTY AND THE WETLAND DELINEATION FORM MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE YELLOW (FILE) COPY OF THIS FORM. CESAW form 566 1 oc r 92 %r,o rc w tl ds on t he ab e do cribed pro rt hich w • o giy sugges uld be deli ated and d. he su eyed Hand lin muse verifi 1 h our slaf of the Co s w' make 1 na1 deter on on your pr Y. \t ,+T eN J. 4 • i ,e?,e _ Jill I'T I1 X j' 1Mnl M?II, (lma,burol `\``\?\ L I.f'' ---e lombr Cwmr ,e??a?. to ? •?,r, I,II -/? J .rte 6'iY U'lo> ' \ sp w i? - + d , MDLN wl _ v ' C, ELIZABETH, CITY J! I + ,ul _.' ,lc ' •11 • POP 11,00 'b ? (a) ;m lnr lor?„r fT G po+ ? t1 ? w .,r e 1, ? _ er„ I PIJdI. ? 311 \ r1 1 I'I' i'hilad.ipnin 1\ 1 1 I9 ° ?I nueoP I`r I,oe \ O 1 r?'i. ? no> )? ll ,,,lr Y? G Old Trop 3 N 34 3 y ?I /it e? ? LIW IIN M D ViGINITY MAP i 1 3-0 ty V ?- . , 'I f"v rre s t Lr ,! fIe tt 1 \ TEXACO BEACH Iy M Il A D .. a S t Wdli? t lj? d 1 rF ti ' c 1? w y YyF*f ! , ?.9 .nt O ??y rv ? lye. :? .%y• Wy ++i t • J {"'^ Joins Sheet H-2 ?' , 1 tl J JI• yg yo. t y8 ?l qY*t' s 56 +?-, ti It 0 48 ? `'rP7 i rFib • r ZA, w 40 44A - „ w9 e y0.` N?,• ? ? y Yr' 1 ?3„rs?4 ;' ,y., 66 91 10 '?') ir5 J JJ.? 8 '}0 t ,r.?i' ??,4? ?'. 11 A ?? r!?y? b 6A 130 ?• n 48 \Ib 40: e 40 6 IT, Ii 140 CAMDEN SOIL Sl!^VEY SHEET NO. H-3 SCALE: 1" 2,000 Jt?ins Shc?ct %r II-11 ION AGRICULTURE APPROX. SCALE 1"=1320' SOIL SURVEY FIEI L ARTME T OF CAMDEN COUNT coorErannNG wtn, ADVANCE COPYrArSUBJE IICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION usonscsroa,wonrn rcxns a u r, •n r. c, r r.l ? r, t, •r,f ?5 DATA FORM Environmental Professionals Inc. ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION P.O. Box 3368 (1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual) Kill Devil Hills, N.C:-27948 Project/Site: &,-+ /eA5 L Date: d Appl(cant/Owner: County: _ AF E Investigator: aEtAz h StateNorth Carolina Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? es No Community ID: Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes ® Transect ID: Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes Plot ID: (If needed, explain on reverse.) VEGETATION Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator 0 Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator 2.Qve.^tUS /",Jr(i G 0J, :lc?'J rnrc 4,`v 10. 3._ +? t'X OPct c o? U 16 _ 5' c 4. a? n v? ?/o r r?Q a. U 2 Glc v ?/ S. Cl?v?? etict So ?CYI «.« ) ?c< '9? e , 3 11. 11. 13. 6A?t .np< J i t C 5 ?w ` ?/ ', !v atc •3' 14. 7. 15. 8. 16. Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW or FAC (excluding FAC-). 5-61141 Remarks: W,4I,-.-J vu5.. •?, i ?? -d yr' es11-A- HYDROLOGY _ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): _ Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge _ Aerial Photographs _ Other "N -c Recorded Data Available Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Primary Indicators: i _ Inundated _ Saturated in Upper 12 Inches _ Water Marks _ Drift Lines -Sediment Deposits Feld Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands Secondary indicators (2 or more required): Depth of Surface Water: -"- (in.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches _ Water-Stained Leaves Depth to Free Water in Pit: (in.) _ Local Soil Survey Data _ FAC-Nautral Test Depth to Saturated Soil: (in.) Other (Explain in Remarks) Remarks: vv?r.v Map Unit Name /?_ (Series and Phase): a i??- Drainage Class: Field Observations Taxonomy (Subgroup): Confirm Mapped Type? a No Profile Description; Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions, Inches Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structure, etc. Hydric Sail Indicators: Histosol _ Concretions _ Hisdo Epipedon _ High Organic Content In Surface Layer in Sandy Soils _ Sulfldic Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils _ Aquic Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Soils List _ Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Soils List _ _ Gieyed or Low-Chroma Colors ^ Other (Explain in Remarks) Remarks: WETLAND DETERMINATION Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Watiand Hydrology Present? Hydric Soils Present? Remarks: Yes (11j) (Circle) (Circle) Yes fro Yes Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes No DATA FORM Environmental Professionals Inc. ?- oROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION P.O. Box 3368 0 987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual) Kill Devil Hills, N.C. 27948 Project/Site: J e Date: e 9S? Applicant/Owner: Forvresf ?C3--'41e County: CAM D9AJ Investigator: J0. StateNorth Carolina Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? es No Community ID: Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes ® Transect ID: Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes I& Plot ID: (If needed, explain on reverse.) VEGETATION Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator 1. ?aycocQ,? 5??CL.,w JU . 7v 0u(, /'O Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator 9. pp 2. GAc e,_ I?. bywt? vnd • Cif { _? " 10. 3.w y,j ,u(, u 4. 541`JIHuKa(a I?tcd1?5 .Q Y7 12. 13. 6. 14. 7. 15. 8. 16. Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or FAC (excluding FAC-). /QU°IC, Remarks: elk -.1 fl, HYDROLOGY _ Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): _ Stream, Lake, or ride Gauge _ Aerial Photographs _ Other Recorded Data Available Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Primary Indicators: _ Inundated :Z- tfirated in Upper 12 Inches {,plater Marks ,-Drift Lines _ Sediment Deposits Feld Observations: _ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands Secondary Indicators (2 or more required): Depth of Surface Water: (in.) Oxidized Root Channels In Upper 12 Inches u-Water-Stained Leaves Depth to Free Water in Pit: n - ?/ (in.) ;,CL•aoal Soil Survey Data _ FAC-Neutral Test Depth to Saturated Soil: e ' Gn.) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) Remarks: (` SOILS Map Unit Name I_ (Series and Phase): ?l-a ?'A? Drainage Class: Field Observations Taxonomy (Subgroup): ha Yto - h"sd e'?- vv .. 5 Confirm Mapped Typal es No Profile Description: Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions, nches Horizon (Munsell Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structure, etc, Hydric Soil Indicators: Histosol _ Concretions _ Histic Epipedon High Organic Content in Surface Layer In Sandy Soils _ _/SUIftdic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils L-Aquic Moisture Regime Listed on Local Hydric Soils List -Reducing Conditions died on National Hydric Soils List ,. 16'y-ad or Low-Chroma Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks) Remarks: L WETLAND DETERMINATION Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? e No (Circle) (Circle) Wetland Hydrology Present? No Hydrio Soils Present? S?fes No Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? No Remarks: ? lij ?/?avec H„ •e.;?ec,--s ?-?v--z• f ???,s???„?"