HomeMy WebLinkAbout20171527 Ver 1_Attachment E_Indirect Cumulative Impact Analysis_DWR_20190730
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PERSON COUNTY MEGA PARK
INDIRECT AND CUMULATIVE IMPACT ANALAYSIS
July 30, 2019
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Person County Mega Park (Project) is a future development proposed by Person
County Business and Industrial Center, Inc. (Applicant). The proposed Project is
situated on an approximately 318-acre site and is located approximately 5 miles
north of Roxboro in Person County, North Carolina. The purpose of the Project is to
develop the Person County Business and Industrial Park to accommodate a
semiconductor fabrication chip plant as well as associated roadway and utility
improvements.
Phase I of the proposed Project is anticipated to be 2.35 million square feet and
includes the central operations facility to house the clean room, manufacturing
spaces, office spaces, mechanical yard, vehicular load deck areas, and associated
parking. Phase II (Full Build) is anticipated to be approximately 3 million square feet
for a Project total of 5.5 million square feet constructed over the course of ten years.
This Indirect and Cumulative Impact (ICI) Analysis considers Phase I impacts only.
Person County (County) has identified the proposed Project as an economic
development priority, which will serve to bring significant economic relief to the
citizens of the County. In addition, the Project site falls within a Federal Opportunity
Zone (FOZ), an economically-distressed community where private investment is
encouraged through capital gains tax incentives. Person County has also been
approved for FEMA disaster assistance in recovering from both Hurricanes Matthew
(September/October 2016) and Florence (August/September 2018).
To accomplish the goals of the Project, approximately 8,597 linear feet of
permanent/81 linear feet of temporary stream impacts and 0.94 acres of wetland
impacts are proposed. These direct impacts include the fill of wetlands and streams
for grading and construction and the redirection of streams to stormwater control
devices through culverts for road crossings. Therefore, the Applicant has submitted
an Individual Permit Request for impacts to wetlands/waters of the U.S. associated
with the Project (SAW-2016-02542, January 8, 2019).
The following analysis provides considerations of the ICI to wetlands/waters and
downstream water quality resources associated with the proposed Project.
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2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
2.1 Geographic Area
The proposed Project is situated on approximately 318 acres comprised of both
wooded and agricultural fields. Land use surrounding the proposed mega-park is
predominately comprised of undeveloped forested lands interspersed with
agricultural fields and single family residential homes. The proposed Project is
located within the Roanoke watershed (Hydrologic Unit Code [HUC] 03010104) and
all surface waters drain to the north to Story’s Creek and Marlowe Creek, located
along the western and eastern property boundaries, respectively. The Project area is
located at the most downstream extent of the Story’s Creek subwatershed (HUC
030101040602) and ultimately drains to the Hyco River, downriver of
impoundment at Hyco Lake. The Project site contains a 100-year floodplain that is
generally located adjacent to the major perennial stream features onsite (Story’s
Creek and Marlowe Creek).
2.2 Land Use and Zoning
The Land Use Map from the Person County Land Use Plan (2001) designates the
Project site and the surrounding lands as Rural Residential/Agricultural. This land
use category typically includes low-density residential, agriculture, forestry,
churches, and very limited commercial, office, or public/institutional uses. Current
land use at the Project site includes both forested and maintained areas. Forested
areas on the site are characterized as pine and mixed hardwood communities.
Maintained areas at the Project site include agricultural fields used for grazing
cattle, one single-family home, and an electrical transmission easement. Land use
surrounding the proposed project is predominately comprised of undeveloped
forested lands interspersed with agricultural fields and single-family residential
homes.
Several coal ash ponds are located within the Roanoke River Basin, as is the Project
area. The Belews Creek pond is located to the west of the Project area in Stokes
County, NC, the Roxboro pond is located to the west of the Project area in Person
County, NC, and the Mayo pond is located to the northeast of the Project area in
Person County, NC along the North Carolina/Virginia border. The Belews Creek and
Roxboro ponds are upstream of the project area while the Mayo pond is
downstream of the project area.
The property is currently zoned RC-Rural Conservation. The proposed use for a
semiconductor chip manufacturing is consistent with the current zoning and is
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considered a permitted use-by-right (Industrial and Manufacturing Operations,
Light Industrial). The RC district is the least restrictive zoning district in the County,
permitting almost any use with no standards in place to provide physical buffers
between uses. This zone would therefore allow for the development of supporting
commercial and residential uses in Phase II within the Project boundaries. In
particular, commercial uses such as wholesale and retail grocery, fitness centers,
professional offices, gas stations, pharmacies, banks, medical/dental clinics, and
hotels/motels are reasonably foreseeable uses that will potentially be induced by
the Project; these are permitted uses-by-right. Additional uses, including eating and
drinking facilities may also be permitted as a special use upon approval by the
County Board of Commissioners.
3.0 INDIRECT IMPACTS
Indirect impacts to water quality resources are generally linked to fill impacts
within jurisdictional wetlands/waters. The indirect impacts that can result generally
include changes in downstream wetland functions and/or changes in the
physical/biological characteristics of a water resource downstream of the direct
impact. The most likely indirect impacts to occur in connection with the types of
direct impacts associated with this proposed Project are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Project related Direct Impacts and possible Indirect Impacts
Direct Impact Indirect Impact
Filling a portion of a
wetland/water
- Changes in hydrology
- Creation of disturbed/non-wetland conditions
- Fragmentation/Creation of new “edge”
- Interruption of migratory bird routes
- Introducing human activity (noise, disturbance, etc.)
Installing a culvert or
changing existing culvert - Alteration of water levels or flow patterns
Stream relocations - Changes in flow characteristics, turbidity
New stormwater discharge
locations
- Alteration of water levels or flow patterns
- Introduce sediments or nutrients.
The proposed Project has minimized the possibility of these indirect impacts
through implementation of planning practices which reduce the influence of direct
impacts on downstream water quality. These efforts include:
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1. Avoidance/minimization of direct wetlands/waters impacts through
innovative site planning and utilization of confirmed wetland delineation
2. Minimization of partial wetland/stream impacts
3. Minimization of impacts to drainageways and floodplains
4. Strict adherence to all state and local stormwater and sediment and erosion
control regulations
Although indirect impacts may occur, the overall scope and nature of these impacts
are believed to be minimal in comparison with the overall scope of the proposed
Project. Therefore, indirect impacts are not expected to significantly contribute to
overall cumulative impacts or cause a violation of downstream water quality
standards.
4.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
The cumulative impacts of an action may be undetectable but can add to other
disturbances and eventually lead to a measurable environmental change. Within the
context of water quality, impairment associated with cumulative impacts are usually
tied to stormwater runoff that can increase with land development activities, based
on the current and future planned land uses.
4.1 Affected Resources
The primary resources of concern in this indirect and cumulative impact analysis
include those features which are integral to onsite and downstream water quality.
These features include the main drainage features which occur onsite and
immediately downstream. The NC Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) provides
Stream Index Numbers for these features as follows:
• Story’s Creek: 22-58-12-(5)
• Marlowe Creek: 22-58-12-6
• Hyco River: 22-58-(9.5)
All these waterways have a NCDWR Primary Stream Classification of ‘C’ indicating
they meet the minimum state waterway standard for fishable / swimmable waters
but are not intended as a drinking supply and/or primary recreation water.
The ecological condition of rivers and streams is dependent on the state of their
watersheds, and therefore, the streams and rivers surrounding the Project area have
previously been influenced and compromised by past development. Practices such
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as agriculture, silviculture, residential development, and introduction of invasive
species have resulted in the degradation of these waterways.
In addition, the surrounding agricultural land uses and placement of farm ponds at
headwaters have likely adversely affected stream water quality, habitat, and
biological communities through increased sedimentation, larger inputs of nutrients
(e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous) and pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, synthetic chemicals,
toxic organics), and altered stream hydrology. Currently, according to the NC DEQ
2018 Final 303(d) List and 2014 Integrated Report, Hyco River is supporting its
designated use while Marlowe Creek is impaired by turbidity and metals from its
origin to its intersection with Story’s Creek. There is currently no data for Story’s
Creek’s impairment status. As a result of historic landscape alterations, these water
resources likely now typically experience higher peak flows resulting in channel
scouring and widening as well as non-point source pollution.
5.0 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IMPACTS
5.1 Growth Inducement
DWQ’s Cumulative Impact Policy, dated April 10, 2004, page 2, provides Question
1.a: “Is growth likely to be induced by the project?” as a sequential question to
address for quantitative analysis. The discussion follows below.
North Carolina Department of Commerce Tier Ranking
The North Carolina Department of Commerce annually ranks the state’s 100
counties based on economic well-being and assigns each one a Tier designation.
This Tier system is incorporated into various state programs to encourage economic
activity in the less prosperous areas of the state. The Tiers are calculated using four
factors:
• Average unemployment rate
• Median household income
• Percentage growth in population
• Adjusted property tax base per capita
The 40 most distressed counties are designated as Tier 1, the next 40 as Tier 2, and
the 20 least distressed as Tier 3. Person County was ranked Tier 1 among the most
economically distressed counties for 2017 and 2018, according to the Department
of Commerce’s annual ranking. However, additional adjustment factors considered
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in the calculations in previous years were eliminated in 2019, upgrading the
County’s ranking to Tier 2 in 2019.
Person County Employment Outlook
Unemployment and the economy are at the top of the list of challenges for Person
County. In 2019, the County’s estimated population is 40,293, with a total labor
force of roughly 19,396, an unemployment rate of approximately 6.3 percent
compared to the state average of 4.1 percent, and an estimated median age of 45.5.
The median household income in 2019 is approximately $44,204. Total employment
is estimated at 18,171, with healthcare/social assistance, manufacturing, and retail
trade making up the top three employers.
According to the Person Futures Project: Strategic Plan 2010-2015, workers are
increasingly going out of the County for jobs, many to Durham and the Research
Triangle Park area. Workers from the County are also spending more time
commuting to and from work. Developing industry in Person County that will create
local jobs and in turn increase the need for new small businesses and local support
services will stimulate local economic growth and decrease the need for many
workers to commute outside of the County. Retaining workers in the County will
also increase the number of local consumers, generating higher levels of revenue
from goods and services sold in the County and resulting in more taxes to provide
local public facilities and services.
Employment at the proposed Project site is also likely to draw workers from nearby
Virginia. The Virginia Career Works Center (formerly the Virginia Workforce
Center) in South Hill is located approximately one hour northeast of the proposed
Project. The Center provides work-related services to employers and job seekers,
collaborating with partner agencies to provide qualified workers and with job
seekers desiring employment and training.
The proposed Project will likely increase overall development in the Project area.
When complete, the ongoing, annual employment impact of the new semiconductor
chip manufacturing facility will result in approximately 7,870 jobs in the Person
County area. Some of these jobs are direct company jobs (4,000). These direct
project jobs are anticipated to create an additional 3,870 jobs in the region through
indirect and induced effects. Many of the additional jobs occur in sectors directly
impacted by semiconductor chip manufacturing, like wholesale trade and
investigation and security services. Other jobs occur in sectors that support the
direct employees of this project, including restaurants and real estate.
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Growth is therefore likely to be induced by the proposed Project due to the number
of jobs to be created by the manufacturing facility, which in turn will stimulate the
need for additional small businesses and supporting commercial and residential
uses.
5.2 Existing Water Use Impacts
DWQ’s Cumulative Impact Policy, dated April 10, 2004, page 2, provides Question
1.b: “Are existing uses of the water (as reflected in the classification of the waters)
likely to be impacted by the growth?” as a sequential question to address for
quantitative analysis. The discussion follows below.
The DEQ Water Supply Protection Program sets forth minimum statewide water
supply watershed protection requirements for Water Supply Classification.
Currently, there are three water resources downstream of the Project area: Story’s
Creek, Marlowe Creek, and Hyco River. These water resources are not designated
Water Supply, High Quality (HQW) or Outstanding Resource (ORW) waters, and do
not flow into bodies of water that have these designations. Due to the location of
these water resources within the Piedmont region, they are also not designated
Trout Waters or Commercial Shellfishing waters.
However, these three water sources are listed as Class C waters, indicating
protection for use for activities such as secondary recreation (i.e. boating, wading),
fishing, and agriculture. Currently, according to the NC DEQ 2018 Final 303(d) List
and 2014 Integrated Report, Hyco River is supporting its designated use while
Marlowe Creek is impaired by turbidity and metals from its origin to its intersection
with Story’s Creek. There is currently no data for Story’s Creek’s impairment status.
Indirect and cumulative impacts resulting from the proposed Project will include
increases in pollutant loads from point sources, but particularly nonpoint sources of
pollution to these downstream water resources. Additionally, changes in existing
hydrology to streams both within and downstream of the proposed Project could
also affect water quality via increased pollutant, nutrient, and sediment loads.
Currently, the water resources downstream from the Project area are not located in
an area with stormwater permitting requirements, as the County’s Stormwater
Ordinance for New Development only applies to the Falls Watershed, which is
located several miles south of the Project boundaries. In addition, the Water Supply
Watershed Protection Requirements, included in the Person County Planning
Ordinance, establishes Watershed Overlay Districts that regulate land use,
development density, and built upon areas for lands located in a water supply
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watershed within the County. However, the proposed Project does not fall within
any of these eight overlay districts.
The anticipated direct impacts to water quality will be mitigated through strict
adherence to all state and local stormwater, erosion, and sediment control measures
(see Erosion Control Plan included in Sheets C2.1 through C2.18 of Attachment A).
These measures are designed to reduce direct effects to water quality such as runoff,
nutrients, and sediment to downstream waterbodies. Reducing direct impacts to
water quality will ultimately reduce indirect impacts to water quality. Adherence to
water protection control measures within the watershed will generally provide
sufficient controls and allow downstream resources to retain preconstruction
hydrological and water quality conditions despite growth in the Project area.
This project could potentially lead to changes in local stormwater permitting
ordinances as was seen with the North Carolina Global TransPark (NC GTP) project
in Kinston, NC. The NC GTP site is a 2,500-acre, multi-modal industrial park and
airport located in the Coastal Plain of the state, built with the intention of
stimulating economic and population growth in the area. To accomplish this, an
Indirect Impact Analysis was needed to ensure the project would not affect the
water quality of the water resources downstream from the project. With no
stormwater permitting ordinances in place at the start of the project, local
municipalities implemented them because of the GTP.
Furthermore, some aspects of downstream water quality could likely be improved
by the proposed Project through the removal of Project lands from rural
conservation zoning and agricultural production. A 2001 article by Michael Paul and
Judy Meyer in Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics titled “Streams in the Urban
Landscape” demonstrates that agricultural activities are the primary cause of
stream impairment. They also noted that while urbanization primarily causes
changes to stream hydrology, sediment supply, and water chemistry, agricultural
land use can adversely affect stream water quality, habitat, and biological
communities. Growth within the project area could also potentially further increase
this effect if rezoning was to occur around the Project area, which sits in a large
rural conservation zone and voluntary agriculture district.
Existing uses of the water resources in the watershed are therefore not likely to be
significantly impacted by the growth due to adherence to stormwater, erosion, and
sediment control measures implemented as part of the proposed growth, and by
minimization and avoidance of impacts to streams, wetlands, drainageways and
floodplains through the appropriate regulatory permit review processes.
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5.3 Additional Regulatory Measures
DWQ’s Cumulative Impact Policy, dated April 10, 2004, page 3, provides Question
1.c: “Are additional regulatory measures needed? (i.e., are there existing regulatory
program which can address these impacts?)” as a sequential question to address for
quantitative analysis. The discussion follows below.
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance of Person County
Person County has a flood damage prevention ordinance in place that set
development standards for FEMA identified flood hazard areas. Adopted in June
2007, this ordinance restricts or prohibits uses that result in damaging increases in
erosion, flood height or velocities; require that uses vulnerable to floods be
protected against flood damage at time of initial construction; control the alteration
of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective barriers, control
filling, grading, dredging, and all other development that may increase erosion or
flood damage; and prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers that will
unnaturally divert floodwaters or increase flood hazards to other lands.
To address these provisions, a Floodplain Development Permit is required prior to
commencing any development activities within Special Flood Hazard Areas. A
Floodplain Development Permit application package includes specific details such as
flood zone designations, floodway boundaries, Base Flood Elevation, and the old and
new locations of any watercourse that will be altered or relocated; proposed
elevation of all development within a Special Flood Hazard Area; plans and details
for the protection of public utilities and facilities (sewer, gas, electrical, and water
systems) to be constructed to minimize flood damage; copies of all other local, state,
and federal permits required prior to floodplain development permit issuance
(Wetlands, Endangered Species, CAMA, Riparian Buffers, etc.); and a description of
proposed watercourse alteration or relation, when applicable.
The Floodplain Administrator reviews all floodplain development applications and
issues permits for all proposed development within Special Flood Hazard Areas that
satisfy the requirements of this ordinance. Requests for variances from the
requirements of this ordinance may be heard by the Person County Board of
Adjustment, referred to as the appeal board.
Adherence to the requirements of the County’s Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
would prevent action that would exacerbate flooding or cause erosion. Furthermore,
future development in Phase II would also be required to comply with National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Stormwater Program permit
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requirements, which would result in a reduction in the volume and rate of surface
runoff compared to existing conditions. The quantity of runoff reduction would
depend on the actual design of open space, pervious areas, run-off retention, and the
implementation of Low Impact Development practices. As such, these regulatory
compliance measures would therefore eliminate the need for additional regulatory
measures, ordinances, or programs to address impacts from stormwater runoff.
However, the Person County Land Use Plan (2001) and Planning and Zoning
Ordinances (1993) could be updated to address stormwater quality throughout the
County.
6.0 Conclusions
The proposed Project would support and facilitate planned growth designed to
improve the economic condition of Person County. Although cumulative and
indirect impacts are likely to occur as a result of the proposed Project, these impacts
should be minimal as a result of strict adherence to all state and local stormwater
regulation and sediment and erosion controls. The overall scope and nature of the
direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts are believed to be minimal in comparison
with the overall nature of the proposed Project. In addition, since stormwater
regulations in Person County will continue to evolve, future water resource
conditions in the Project area will likely benefit from the implementation of
improved stormwater treatment and detention measures for any potential new
development. Therefore, cumulative and indirect impacts are not expected to cause
a violation of downstream water quality standards in association with the proposed
Project.
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7.0 References
DWQ. 2004. Final Version of DWQ Cumulative Impact Policy.
https://files.nc.gov/ncdeq/Water%20Quality/Surface%20Water%20Protecti
on/401/Policies_Guides_Manuals/CumulativeImpactPolicy.pdf.
NC Department of Commerce. 2019. County Distress Rankings (Tiers).
https://www.nccommerce.com/grants-incentives/county-distress-rankings-
tiers.
NC Department of Environmental Quality. 2014. 2014 Category 5 Water Quality
Assessments-303(d) List. Dec. 19, 2014.
https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/planning/modeling-
assessment/water-quality-data-assessment/integrated-report-files.
NC Department of Environmental Quality. 2014. 2014 Integrated Report Mapper.
https://ncdenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=dcb44
280272e4ac49d9a86b999939fec.
NC Department of Environmental Quality. 2018. 2018 NC Category 5 Assessments
“303(d) List” Final. June 3, 2019. https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-
resources/planning/modeling-assessment/water-quality-data-
assessment/integrated-report-files.
NC Department of Environmental Quality. 2019. Classifications.
https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-
resources/planning/classification-
standards/classifications#DWRPrimaryClassification.
NC Global TransPark. Global TransPark Fact Sheet. Dec. 11, 2017.
https://connect.ncdot.gov/search/Pages/results.aspx?k=global%20transpar
k%20fact%20sheet.
NC Department of Water Resources. 2019. Water Supply Classifications.
https://ncdenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=80b5a3
634eda417880aa6d2abddfb6f2.
Paul, M.J. & J.L. Meyer. 2001. Streams in the urban landscape. Annual Review of
Ecology and Systematics, 32, 33-365.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114040.
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Person County. 2019. Person County Zoning Districts.
http://www.personcounty.net/departments-services/departments-i-
z/planning-and-zoning
Person County Board of Commissioners. 1993. Person County Planning and Zoning
Ordinances. Oct. 2, 2017. http://www.personcounty.net/departments-
services/departments-i-z/planning-and-zoning/ordinances
Person County Board of Commissioners. 2001. Land Use Plan.
http://www.personcounty.net/home/showdocument?id=3885.
Person County EDC. 2019. Person County Mega Park.
http://www.personcountyedc.com/wordpress/?page_id=2106.
Person County GIS. 2017. Person County Tax Parcel Viewer – Voluntary Agricultural
District Layer. Aug. 30, 2017.
https://gis.personcounty.net/TaxParcelViewer/
Person County Mega Park Individual Permit Request. 2019. Prepared by Timmons
Group.
Person County Planning Ordinance. 1993. Water Supply Watershed Protection
Requirements.
http://www.personcounty.net/Home/ShowDocument?id=1726.
Person Futures Strategic Planning Committees. Person County Futures Project.
Strategic Plan: 2010-2015.
http://www.personcounty.net/Home/ShowDocument?id=188.
Southern Environmental Law Center. 2015. North Carolina Drinking Water
Contamination Near Duke Energy Coal Ash Sites. April 2015.
https://selcgis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=95ddc8
ae572b4e539fd8d4be07733e6c
The Courier-Times. 2019. County’s Economic Development Status Changes.
http://www.personcountylife.com/stories/countys-economic-development-
status-changes,21354.