19970073 Ver 1_Complete File_19970309

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
Environmental Sciences Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Ft? Raleigh, N.C. 27607
i,2 4 1997 FAX:[phone]
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Environmental Sciences Branch 4401 Reedy Creek Road Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
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97 00 7 :-.
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Action ID No. 199101176
PUBLIC NOTICE
January 27, 1997
TOWN OF WACCAMAW, Post Office Box 145, Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina
28450, has applied for a Deent of the Army (DA) permit TO EXCAVATE AND
DISCHARGE FILL MATERIAL INTO 7. ACRES OF WETLANDS TO CONSTRUCT A SEDIMENT
BASIN AND DEEPEN AND WIDEN 6,200 FEET OF DRAINAGE DITCHES TO DIVERT A PORTION
OF THE STORM WATER RUNOFF FROM THE MAPLE AVENUE DITCH TO NC 214 AT LAKE
WACCAMAW, COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA.
The following description of the work is taken from data provided by the
applicant and from observations made during a site visit by representatives of
the Corps of Engineers. Plans submitted with the application show 6,200 feet
of existing ditches will be improved to provide adequate drainage for flatland
areas. The existing ditch is approximately 3 feet deep with a 3-4 foot
bottom. The proposed ditch will have an average of 5 feet and bottom width of
4 feet. The width of the bottom will increase to 6 feet from Station 25+52 to
Station 21+82 adjacent to the housing along NC 214. The spoil material will
be placed on the south side, in this section of the ditch, to provide
additional measure for flood protection. The ditch bottom width will increase
to 8 feet wide on the east side of NC 214 to carry peak flow within the banks
to prevent sedimentation along NC 214 right of way and to improve efficiency
of the sediment basin of station 14+80 to 13+00. The purpose of the work is
to divert a portion of the storm water runoff from Maple Avenue ditch at Lake
Waccamaw going thru Green Swamp to Big Creek then to the lake. This project
would divert 160 acres of runoff back into Green Swamp that would normally
flow into Maple Avenue ditch then directly into Lake Waccamaw. A sediment
basin will be constructed to improve the water quality of the runoff from the
construction project. The reason for this project is to improve the water
quality along the northern shoreline where the majority of the direct human
activity takes place. Turbidity and coliform bacteria counts have been to
exceed state standards with as little as 1" of rainfall. Runoff would have to
travel over 3000 feet to Big Creek before entering Lake Waccamaw. Work will
be preformed by a track backhoe and spoil will be placed along side of the
ditch. Plans showing the work are included with this public notice.
The North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources ?A
has authorized the work. ?'?i?t c C`uAL?t
The State of North Carolina will review this public notice to determine
the need for the applicant to obtain any required State authorization. No
Department of the Army (DA) permit will be issued until the coordinated State
viewpoint on the proposal has been received and reviewed by this agency, nor
will a DA permit be issued until the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) has determined the applicability of a Water Quality
Certificate as required by PL 92-500.

This application is being considered pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). Any person may request, in writing within the
comment period specified in the notice, that a public hearing be held to
consider this application. Requests for public hearing shall state, with
particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing.
The District Engineer has consulted the latest published version of the
National Register of Historic Places for the presence or absence of registered
properties, or properties listed as being eligible for inclusion therein, and
this site is *not registered property or property listed as being eligible for
inclusion in the Register. Consultation of the National Register constitutes
the extent of cultural resource investigations by the District Engineer, and
he is otherwise unaware of the presence of such resources. Presently, unknown
archeological, scientific, prehistorical, or historical data may be lost or
destroyed by work under the requested permit.
The District Engineer, based on available information, is not aware that
the proposed activity will affect species, or their critical habitat,
designated as endangered or threatened pursuant to the Endangered Species Act
of 1973.
The decision whether to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of
the probable impacts, including cumulative impacts, of the proposed activity
and its intended use on the public interest. Evaluation of the probable
impacts which the proposed activity may have on the public interest requires a
careful weighing of all those factors which become relevant in each particular
case. The benefits which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the
proposal must be balanced against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. The
decision whether to authorize a proposal, and if so the conditions under which
it will be allowed to occur, are therefore determined by the outcome of the
general balancing process. That decision should reflect the national concern
for both protection and utilization of important resources. All factors which
may be relevant to the proposal must be considered including the cumulative
effects thereof. Among those are conservation, economics, aesthetics, general
environmental concerns, wetlands, cultural values, fish and wildlife values,
flood hazards and flood plain values (in accordance with Executive order
11988), land use, navigation, shore erosion and accretion, recreation, water
supply and conservation, water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber
production, mineral needs, considerations of property ownership, and, in
general, the needs and welfare of the people. For activities involving the
placement of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, a
permit will be denied if the discharge that would be authorized by such permit
would not comply with the Environmental Protection Agencies' 404(b)(1)
guidelines. Subject to the preceding sentence and any other applicable
guidelines or criteria, a permit will be granted unless the District Engineer
determines that t would be contrary to the public interest.
The Corps of. Enqineers is soliciting comments from the public; Federal,
State and local agencies and officials; Indian Tribes and other interested
parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of this proposed
activity. Any comments received will be considered by the Corps of Engineers
to determine whether to issue, modify, condition or deny a permit for this
proposal. To make this decision, comments are used to assess impacts on
2

endangered species, historic properties, water quality, general environmental
effects and the other public interest factors listed above. Comments are used
in the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA..) and/or an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA). Comments are also used to determine the need for a public
hearing and to determine the overall public interest of the proposed activity.
Generally, the decision whether to issue this Department of the Army (DA)
permit will not be made until the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) issues, denies, or waives State certification required by
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. The NCDEM considers whether or not the
proposed activity will comply with Sections 301, 302, 306, and 307 of the
Clean Water Act. The application and this public notice for the Department of
the Army (DA) permit serves as application to the NCDEM for certification.
Additional information regarding the Clean Water Act certification may be
reviewed at the offices of the Environmental Operations Section, North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), Salisbury Street,
Archdale Building, Raleigh, North Carolina. Copies of such materials will be
furnished to any person requesting copies upon payment of reproduction costs.
All persons desiring to make comments regarding the application for Clean
Water Act certification should do so in writing delivered to the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), Post Office Box 27687,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687, on or before February 21, 1997,
Attention: Mr. John Dorney.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as outlined above, will
be received in this office, Attention: Mr. Michael S. Taylor, until
4:15 p.m., February 28, 1997, or telephone [phone].
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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
CERTIFIED MAIL
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Town of Waccamaw
P.O. Box 145
Lake Waccamaw, N.C. 28450
4 o
- RQ
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
November 19, 1998
NCDWQ# 970073
SUBJECT: WRP-FAILURE OF PAYMENT NOTIFICATION
Lake Waccamaw Stormwater Project
Columbus County
Dear Sirs:
On October 8, 1997 you were issued a 401 Water Quality Certification authorizing you
to impact wetlands and or waters of the State. As part of this Certification you were required to
make a payment to the N.C. Wetland Restoration Program for impacts to 0.5 acres of riparian
wetlands and 2.25 acres of non-riparian wetlands. As of this date, no payment for these activities
has been received.
You are hereby notified that the wetland and or water impacts approved by your 401
Certification must not be initiated PRIOR to payment into the WRP. Failure to make payment
for wetland or stream impacts as required by your 401 Water Quality Certification may result in
an enforcement action being initiated against you. Additionally, a Civil Penalty assessment not to
exceed $10,000 per day may also be levied against you.
Please submit your payment and return the enclosed form to the WRP (address listed on
the form) within 21 days upon your receipt. If this matter is not resolved by this time, NCDWQ
will proceed to revoke your Certification and initiate an enforcement action you for this matter.
If you should have any questions regarding this matter please feel free to call me at (919)
733-1786 or Ron Ferrell at (919-733-5083 EXT. 358).
Jo n D;Quality rney
W ter Certific on Program
Cc: Ron Ferrell, WRP
Joanne Steenhuis, Wilmington Regional Office
Wetlands/401 Unit 4401 Reedy Creek Road Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 5017o recycled/107o post consumer paper
NORTH CAROLINA - DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION
SUMMARY OF PERMITTED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS
In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, Town of Waccamaw. DWQ Project # 970073, is authorized to impact the surface
waters of the State of North Carolina as indicated below for the purpose(s) of drainage dredging. All activities associated with these
authorized impacts must be conducted in accordance with the conditions listed in the attached certification transmittal letter. THIS
CERTIFICATION IS NOT VALID WITHOUT THE ATTACHMENTS.
AUTHORIZED IMPACTS:
2.5 acres of Class WL wetlands
0.3 acres of riparian wetlands
2.2 acres of non-riparian wetlands
N/A acres of Class SWL wetlands
NIA linear feet of stream channel
LOCATION:
COUNTY:
BASIN/SUBBASIN:
COMPENSATORY MITIGATION REQUIREMENT
As required by 15A NCAC 2H .0506, and the conditions of this certification, you are required to compensate for the above
impacts through the restoration, creation, enhancement or preservation of wetlands and surface waters as outlined below prior to
conducting any activities that impact or degrade the waters of the state.
Note: Acreage requirements proposed to be mitigated through the Wetland Restoration Programs must
be rounded to the nearest one.quarter acre according to 15A 2R .0503(b)
2.75 acres of Class WL wetlands
015 acres of riparian wetlands
2.25 acres of non-riparian wetlands
acres of Class SWL wetlands
linear feet of stream channel
One of the options you have available to satisfy the compensatory mitigation requirements is through the payment of a fee to
the Wetlands Restoration Fund per 15A NCAC 2R .0503. If you choose this option, please sign this form and mail it to the
Wetlands Restoration Fund at the address listed below. An invoice for the appropriate amount of payment will be sent to you upon
receipt of this form. PLEASE NOTE, THE ABOVE IMPACTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED UNTIL YOU RECEIVE
NOTIFICATION THAT YOUR PAYMENT HAS BEEN PROCESSED BY THE WETLANDS RESTORATION PROGRAM.
Signature -- Date
WETLANDS RESTORATION PROGRAM
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
P.O. BOX 29535
RALEIGH, NC 27626-0535
[phone] ext. 358
Note for Eric Galamb
From: Ron Ferrell on Fri, Aug 22, 1997 12:19 PM
Subject: RE: Mitigation proposal
To: Eric Galamb
Yes, the rule says payment is calculated in 0.25 increments,
once you exceed 0.25 you go to the next increment. This will be
clarified in the next set of rules which hopefully will go to
the EMC in Oct.
From: Eric Galamb on Fri, Aug 22, 1997 12:02 PM
Subject: RE: Mitigation proposal
To: Ron Ferrell
Cc: Eric Galamb; John Dorney
According to rules, we must fall on the COE's mitigation
requirements. Therefore, I can only push for 1:1 since Ernie
Jahnke says 1:1 meets their needs.
Do we always round up (0.3 is closest to 0.25)?
From: Ron Ferrell on Fri, Aug 22, 1997 11:05 AM
Subject: Mitigation proposal
To: Eric Galamb
Per the rules for the Wetlands Restoration Fund:
.0503(b) Payments shall be calculated in 0.25 acre increments
for wetlands and by the linear foot for streams (last sentence
in b)
Therefore the payment for these impacts should be calculated as
follows:
0.3 acres riparian impact = 0.5 X 24,000 = $12,000
2.2 acres non-riparian = 2.25 X 12,000 = $27,000
Total = $39,000
Question for you, and I assume it is because the COE is
requiring mitigation, but why are the multipliers not being
used, i.e. 4:1, etc?
I am sure the town is not going to like this but this is the way
the EMC passed the rules and this is the cost of participation.
Refer them to me if they have questions concerning this matter.
Thanks for asking me to check their figures.
Page: 1
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources; 4 00
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes. Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
February 12, 1997
Town of Waccamaw
P.O. Box 145
Waccamaw, NC 28450
Dear Sirs:
On 27 January 1997, you applied to the N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ) for a 401 Water
Quality Certification to impact 7.6 acres of wetlands or waters for your project to excavate a ditch and
stormwater management pond located at Lake Waccamaw in Columbus County. Your project has been
forwarded to Mr. Jim Gregson [phone] of DWQ Wilmington Regional Office for review. This
review will likely require an on-site inspection prior to the approval, modification or denial of your project
site. If you have sent additional information to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers concerning this project,
please be certain that our staff have copies of this material so we can use it in our process in making a
decision.
According to our preliminary, in-house review since you propose to disturb greater than one acre of
wetlands, it is likely that compensatory mitigation will be required by DWQ for this project as described in
15A NCAC 211.0506 (h). Our Regional Office staff can make this decision during their site visit. If
adequate mitigation is required but not provided, this project will likely have to be denied. Also if a
mitigation plan is required, we will place this project on hold until its receipt in our Central Office.
Enclosed are materials describing compensatory mitigation requirements for this program. Please call me at
919-733-1786 to discuss these matters if necessary. Until a mitigation plan is provided, this application is
considered to be incomplete and our processing time will not start.
We recommend that you not impact any wetlands or waters on your project site until a 401 Water
Quality Certification has been issued from Raleigh, The issuance of a Corps of Engineers 404 Permit does
not mean that your project can proceed. According to the Clean Water Act, the 404 Permit is not valid
until a 401 Certification is also issued. If DWQ staff observe impacts which are not allowable, you will be
required to remove the fill and restore the site to its original condition. I can be reached at 919-733-1786 if
you have any questions about the 401 Certification process.
crely,
. Dom y
Z]o"
R
er Quality Certifica 2gram
cc: Wilmington DWQ Regional Office
Central Files
John Parker, DCM
970073.1tr
Division of Water Quality - Environmental Sciences Branch
Environmental Sciences Branch, 4401 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer - 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper
UNC'VV\
RF?t?VeG
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT WILMINGTON % ^n
C?
t?v?,?oNN 2 61991
Feb. 25, 1997 ?rA?sc%FN??J
To: John Dorney
From: Larry Cahoon L®C-
Re: Lake Waccamaw report
Chris Holdrin (Coastal Environmental) asked me to send you a
copy of our data report on stormwater pollution at Lake Waccamaw.
As you will see, the worst problems were clustered around the area
of the lakeshore where stormwater ditches enter the lake. Our
analysis of fecal coliforms and thermotolerant amoebae indicated
multiple sources of fecal contamination in the ditches.
I strongly believe that rerouting stormwater drainage away
from the lake is essential to preserving water quality and
protecting public health at Lake Waccamaw. Please call me at 910-
962-3706 if you have any questions.
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
601 SOUTH COLLEGE ROAD • WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28403-3297.910-962-3487 • FAX [phone]
FINAL REPORT
Effects of stormwater on water quality in Lake Waccamaw
Lawrence B. Cahoon and Janice E. Nearhoof
Department of Biological Sciences
UNC Wilmington
Wilmington, N.C. 28403
910-962-3706 FAX [phone]
Thomas K. Sawyer
Rescon Associates, Inc.
Box 206 Royal Oak, MD 21662
410-745-5669 FAX [phone]
Introduction
The N.C. Division of Water Resources awarded a contract to UNC
Wilmington in late 1994 to study the effects of stormwater runoff
through man-made ditches in the Town of Lake Waccamaw on water
quality in the lake. Lake Waccamaw is a state park, has been
proposed for Outstanding Resource Water designation, and harbors a
variety of endemic molluscs and fishes, some of which have been
listed as threatened or endangered. The initial contract was for
$11,216 for the period Jan. 1 through August 31, 1995. Our findings
led to a request for additional work and funding, with the result
that the Divisions of Parks and Recreation and Water Resources, the
Town of Lake Waccamaw, and the Friends of Lake Waccamaw State Park
provided an additional $4,974 for an extended study through April,
1996, which has now been completed. This report presents a summary
of our work, findings and recommendations.
Stormwater ditches
The Town of :make Waccamaw lies largely on a limestone bluff
along the north shore of the lake. A number of ditches have been
dug through the elevated portion of the Town to drain stormwater
from its interior portions into the lake. Anecdotal evidence
indicates that many of these ditches were dug 30 to 50 years ago,
almost certainly prior to construction of the Town's municipal
sewage system in the late 1960's. Some of these ditches are quite
large, up to 15 feet deep, exiting through culverts up to 4 feet in
diameter under Lakeshore Drive, and extending up to a half mile
inland. Heavy rainfall events can produce very high flows through
the ditches, but typical flows between rain events are very low.
Our initial survey of ditches found six relatively large and
two smaller stormwater entry points to the lake or Cove Canal, but
subsequent investigation revealed more smaller ditches. We enlisted
the aid of concerned citizens in the summer of 1995 to map all
these ditches and trace their drainages, which are diagrammed in
Fig. 1. As shown, much of the Town of Lake Waccamaw is drained by
a complex system of drainage ditches that now empty directly into
the lake or indirectly via the Cove Canal.
Stormwater runoff can be a source of several pollutants to
receiving waters. Initially we planned to estimate loadings of
suspended solids, phosphorus, nitrogen, and hydrocarbons to Lake
Waccamaw through the large stormwater ditches. Our first field
sampling efforts in early 1995 revealed that hydrocarbons were
unlikely to be very important pollutants, but that fecal
contamination from one or more sources might be significant.
Stormwater runoff
Direct measurement of stormwater runoff volumes proved to be
very difficult, owing to the sporadic nature of rain events, the
generally very low flows in the ditches between rain events, the
rapid response of flow to rain events, and the number of small and
large ditches and drains that would need to be gauged. Consequently
we have estimated stormwater runoff volume indirectly, using the
area of land draining into the lake through ditches, assuming a 40"
average annual rainfall, and assuming that 200 of rainfall runs off
via surface flow (probably conservative; USGS estimates
approximately 30% for the Waccamaw River drainage). The area we
used was bounded by the lake shore to the south, old Rt. 74-76 to
the north, Flemington Drive to the west and Bartram Lane to the
east, excluding a triangular area in the northeast corner of this
polygon that probably drains into Friar Swamp (Fig. 1). The
calculated area of this drainage basin is 3.62 km', about one tenth
of the lake's area. For an average annual rainfall of 1.016 meters
(=4011) per year and 20% surface runoff, total runoff from the
drainage is calculated as approximately 736,000 cubic meters per
year. Lake volume is approximately 84 million cubic meters
(Casterlin et al., 1984), so runoff through drainage ditches
represents a little less than 1% of lake volume per year.
Therefore, the major effects of stormwater runoff on water quality
in the lake should be manifested in the littoral zone along the
north shore before mixing processes have driven much dilution.
Suspended solids
Suspended solids have been considered one of the most
important pollutants in stormwater for several reasons. Silt in
stormwater runoff can clog stream channels, bury natural bottoms,
and suffocate benthic fauna. Sediment particles also adsorb and
carry a variety of pollutants, including phosphate, metals, and
pesticides. Concerns about suspended solids in Lake Waccamaw
include sedimentation and adsorbed pollutant loadings along the
north shore where stormwater ditches enter the lake.
We measured suspended solids in the ditches, canal and lake by
the standard filtration gravimetry method (APHA, 1985), in which a
water sample is filtered through a combusted, preweighed glass
fiber filter, the residue is dried, and the weight of retained
solids is calculated. North Carolina uses a value of 30 mg/liter as
a guideline for suspended solids. Values above this are considered
to indicate excess suspended solids.
Most samples collected from Lake Waccamaw itself had low
values of suspended solids (Table 1, Fig. 2). The highest values we
found were consistently associated with stormwater ditches and Cove
(? 1
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Table 1.,
Mean (± std) suspended solids (SS) with minimum and maximum values
for sample sites in Lake Waccamaw North Carolina.
site n=
SS
mean std min max

State Park,.. Lake 2 5.1 ± 0.3 ;.:4.8 5.4
Dam,-Lake 1 0.8
Mid-Lake 15 2.1 ± 1.0. ":.0.6 3.9
Dupree Landing; Lake 5. 4.7 ± 3.0 ;.1.0 9.9
Wildlife access
area, Canal 2 16.0 - 10.6 :.5.4 26.6
Canal Road; . Bridge 5' 30.3 ± 35.4. x:.:2.0 96.6
N. West, Lake 4 11.8 ± 11.1 1.7 29.9
Mill Race, Canal 4 131.2 ±170.2 :'..0.2 371.8
Flemington Dr., Lake 4 13.5 + 8.9• :. 2.2 26.6
Dallas Ave., Ditch 7 15.1 ± 8.7 .x'..5.2 31.0
Cameron 3t., Lake 3 9.0 + 3.8 4.0 13.2
North Shore 1,,.Lake 3 9.3 ± -4.5 ;.3.5 15.4
North Shore 2, ',Lake 3 11.0 ± 8.5. :.0.2 20.9
Columbus Ave., Lake 3 10.0 ± 11.7 2.2 27.2
Maple Ave., Ditch 9 62.7 ±1 11.8• .0.5 337.9
Bartram Lane, Lake 5 33.4 ± 29.0 .-•2.2 85.5

Fig. 2. Summary of data for suspended solids sampled in and around
Lake Waccamaw, 1995-1996. Arrows denote ditch mouths. Stippled area
is incorporated Town of Lake Waccamaw. Cross-hatched area is land
portion of Lake Waccamaw State Park.

f

Big.
Creek...

0
N
SUSPENDE
• GREEN
U-.LU
YELIDW 11-25
• ORANGE 26-50
- flan r% i-,> nn
•
.*4
•
wqp\ -- - - - - ?1
f
I
Cl
Canal just west of the main part of town. However, values of
suspended solids measured by automated water samplers in two major
ditches during a rain event never exceeded 30 mg/l (Table 2). Also,
strong wind events can suspend sediment and detritus in the lake.
For example, chlorophyll a levels, which are an indicator of
phytoplankton biomass (one kind of suspended solid), can triple
during a wind event, indicating the temporary suspension of benthic
microalgae from the bottom into the water column. Therefore, high
levels of suspended solids are sometimes found in Lake Waccamaw
under natural conditions. So, suspended solids are not a
significant problem, nor is stormwater runoff likely to be a major
source of suspended solids to the lake.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen
Phosphorus and nitrogen are macronutrients for plants and
phosphorus and nitrogen loading are recognized as the major cause
of cultural eutrophication. In freshwater ecosystems phosphorus is
usually the limiting nutrient, so excess phosphorus loadings are
most important in driving eutrophication. Phosphorus can be found
in several forms. Soluble phosphorus is often less abundant than
adsorbed and particulate forms, so we measured total phosphorus as
a better measure of phosphorus concentrations and loading rates.
Nitrogen also occurs in a variety of forms, but is generally more
soluble than phosphorus. We used the persulfate digestion method of
Valderrama (1981) to measure total phosphorus and total nitrogen in
raw water samples collected in stormwater ditches and the lake at
various times.
Total phosphorus concentrations in Lake Waccamaw itself were
generally lower than in ditches and the canal along the northeast
side of the lake (Table 3, Fig. 3). Cahoon et al. (1992) showed
that the limestone bluff along the lake's northern shore is a
significant source of phosphorus to the lake's northern littoral
zone, so somewhat higher phosphorus values in lake water samples
taken there were not surprising.
Total phosphorus and total nitrogen values in stormwater
runoff collected by ISCO automated water samplers show that
concentrations of both nutrients increase approximately 2-fold
during a runoff event (Fig. 4, Fig. 5.). Using a mean total
phosphorus value of 250 ug/l from the data in Figs. 4 and 5 and the
total annual runoff volume calculated above, one can estimate a
loading of approximately 190 kg phosphorus per year entering the
lake through stormwater ditches. This value is higher than the
estimate of 110 kg per year for phosphorus loading to the lake from
weathering of the phosphorus-rich limestone along the lake's north
shore calculated by Cahoon et al. (1993). In other words,
stormwater runoff more than doubles the natural phosphorus loading
to the lake's northern littoral zone.
A similar calculation of nitrogen loading via stormwater
runoff using a mean total nitrogen concentration in stormwater of
600 ug/l yields an estimate of 465 kg nitrogen per year. Cahoon and
Kucklick (1993) estimated that nitrogen fixation by blue-green
algae in the lake's northern littoral zone might load approximately
390 kg nitrogen per year. Kucklick (1988) estimated that wet and
Table 2. Values for total suspended
sampled by ISCO 2900 automated wate
ditches during and after rain event
collected every 15 minutes after
threshold rainfall.
solids (mg/1) in runoff water
r samplers in two stormwater
on Jan. 6, 1996. Samples were
collection was triggered by
Sample time Dallas Ave. Maple Ave.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
27.6
7.6
4.4
10.0
6.0
21.6
6.8
9.6
20.8
6.4
10.8
5.6
5.6
15.6
26.8
6.4
9.6
16.4
14.4
18.8
12.4
4.4
3.6
11.2
4.4
3.2
4.8
4.4
6.0
3.6
5.2
6.8
3.2
4.8
7.2
4.0
8.0
5.2
2.8
3.2
2.0
1.6
8.0
3.6
1.2
2.8
8.0
Table 3
Mean (± std) total phosphate (TP) with minimum and maximum values
for sample sites in Lake Waccamaw North Carolina.
site n=
State Park, Lake 2
Dam, Lake 1
Dupree Landing, Lake 5
Wildlife access
area, canal 2
Canal Road, Bridge 5
N. West, Lake 4
Mill Race,'•Canal 4
Flemington Dr; Lake 4
Dallas Ave..', Ditch 8
Cameron St., Lake 3
North Shore 1, Lake 2
North Shore 2,,'Lake 4
Columbus Ave.,"Lake 3
Maple Ave., Ditch 10
Bartram Lane, Lake 5
mean std min max
50.3 ±- 0.8 49.5 51.2
21.7
69.0 ± 15.8 .38.7 80.5
212.0 ± 111.4 100.6 323.5
159.1 ± 101.4 :'.38.7 337.4
.65.9 ± 3.2 60.4 68.1
260.4 ± 147.8 91.3 421.0
81.5 ± 35.0 35.6 133.1
836.9 ± 797.9 71.2 2575.8
72.2 ± 12.3 55.7 85.1
120.2 ± 92.6 =.82.1 123.8
128.8 ± 111.5 :•32.5 318.6
49.2 ± 12.1. 35.6 65.0
288.1 ± 482.4 57..2 1707.4
77.9 ± 14.3 ;::51.1 90.5
Fig. 3. Summary of data for total phosphate sampled in and around
Lake Waccamaw, 1995-1996. Arrows denote ditch mouths. Stippled area
is incorporated Town of Lake Waccamaw. Cross-hatched area is land
portion of Lake Waccamaw State Park.

I•

N

Big
Creek-
9
Lak Waccamaw
%
TOTAL PHOSPHATE UG/L %% •
• GREEN 0-50 ? %
YELLOW 51-200
• ORANGE 201-500
0 RED 501-1000
p TP d TN ug/1
N P rn CO O N P rn,
O O O O O O O O O

W
N-1
hL,
01
M
0 q
a
a
r\ a\
Q
0\ a
a\
Q\ `I
4\ a\
a
. ? a
\ `a
a?
a
(D
C)
)
O
V
(D
U)
Fig. 4. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen in water samples
collected by ISCO automated water sampler in ditch at Dallas Avenue ,
during rain event on Jan. 5, 1996.
p TP 4 TN ug/1
N W I? Ut CD ?l
O O O O O O O

W
0
qZ1.
0,

/a
a
?a
?a
a
a
?a .
a?

a/
a
d ?-
?a
a -

b
(D
H1
n
CC)
0
r
V/
F-?
N
Fig. 5. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen in water samples
collected by ISCO automated water sampler in ditch at Maple Avenue
during rain event on Jan. 5, 1996.
dry atmospheric deposition of nitrogen would load about 60 kg
nitrogen per year to the northern littoral zone. Consequently,
stormwater runoff approximately doubles the normal nitrogen loading
to the lake's northern shore habitat.
Excess phosphorus and nitrogen loading in stormwater and the
relatively low ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the runoff water
(an atomic ratio of 5.34 N:P) create conditions that can support
excess plant growth, especially the growth of nitrogen-fixing blue
green algae (Smith, 1983). Thus, excess phosphorus loading in
stormwater runoff indirectly supports higher nitrogen loading via
fixation as well. Plant growth along the north shore has been a
concern of lakeshore residents for some time. Blooms of filamentous
algae that carpet the lake's bottom and suffocate benthic fauna
have occurred during several summers in recent years. Nutrient
loading in stormwater runoff certainly contributes to
eutrophication and algal blooom problems.
Fecal contamination
Fecal material contributes to loadings of suspended solids,
nutrients, and biological oxygen demand in receiving waters, but
the most compelling threat to water quality is the wide range of
pathogens associated with fecal matter. Human fecal matter poses
the greatest danger to humans drinking or swimming in contaminated
waters, but other warm blooded animals can carry a variety of
pathogens capable of causing disease in humans. Pathogens in fecal
matter may also pose a threat to fish, but the nature of this
threat is less well established.
We used two indicators of fecal contamination in this study.
The main technique we employed was the mFC method for fecal
coliform analysis (APHA, 1985), which employs membrane filtration
of a known volume of water followed by incubation on a selective
nutrient agar and counts of positive staining colonies. This method
is one of the standard methods used by the state of North Carolina
and is faster and more accurate than the older MPN technique. We
followed all appropriate quality control procedures applicable to
the use of this technique.
The other way in which we detected fecal contamination was
through the identification of thermotolerant amoeboid protozoans.
These organisms can live in the gut tracts of warm-blooded animals,
but unlike fecal coliforms, which perish within days after
excretion into the environment, they form resting cysts that can
persist in sediments for many months. Their presence can therefore
be used as an indicator of fecal contamination even when fecal
coliform analyses are negative. This is not a quantitative measure
in the same way that counts of fecal coliforms are used, however.
Rather, the numbers of thermotolerant amoeba species cultured from
a particular sediment sample or site are used as an indicator of
the degree of fecal contamination of that sample (Sawyer, 1992). It
should also be noted that thermotolerant amoebae are actual or
potential human pathogens. The risk of infection to exposed people
is low, but the hazard to people, particularly those with
compromised immune systems, is severe. Our principal aim in
sampling for these organisms was to use them as tracers for fecal
contamination, but their direct threat to human health should not
be ignored.
Our initial field surveys and sampling for fecal coliforms in
ditches, the canal and the littoral zone of the lake suggested that
fecal contamination might be a more serious problem than we had
anticipated. Although samples taken from the central portion of the
lake almost always contained zero coliforms, samples collected near
the north shore were always higher, suggesting a proximal source.
Sampling in the ditches, particularly after rainfall events, showed
high (>1,000 colonies per 100 ml) counts and sometimes very high
counts (>10,000 colonies per 100 ml up to "too numerous to count"
[TNTC]) (Table 4, Fig. 6). These findings caused us to alert the
Town of Lake Waccamaw in June, 1995, to a potential risk to public
health for people swimming in the lake along the north shore,
particularly after a rain event had flushed water from the ditches
into the lake.
Concern over the possible threat to water quality from fecal
coontamination also prompted coliform sampling by the Columbus
County Health Department during June and July, 1995. They sampled
along the entire northern shoreline of the lake, including some of
the same lake stations we sampled, for five consecutive weeks.
Their coliform counts did not exceed either action level
established by the state (counts at one station exceeding 200
colonies per 100 mi for five consecutive samples taken within 30
days or counts exceeding 400 colonies per 100 ml at 20% of the
sampled stations at one time), although a few counts reached as
high as 900 colonies per 100 ml. We were able to sample
concurrently with the Health Department's last field collection;
our results were statistically indistinguishable from theirs. Using
these standards and the Health Department's results, water quality
in Lake Waccamaw was judged to be safe for swimming.
There are several points that must be raised before the
apparent discrepancies between our results and those of the
Columbus County Health Department can be resolved. First, our
highest counts were always found in the stormwater ditches
themselves, which were not sampled by the Health Department, and
contents of which would be diluted as they entered the lake.
Second, we sampled and found very high counts on several occasions
immediately after a significant rain event, which would presumably
flush fresh fecal contamination into the ditches and lake. State
approved sampling procedures, as followed by the Columbus County
Health Department, call for a 24 hour waiting period after a rain
event before sampling for fecal coliforms. Dilution and loss of
viability by fecal coliforms during this period would cause much
lower counts than if sampling occurred soon after it rains.
Differences of opinion about the meaning of fecal coliform
sampling results also led us to look for thermotolerant amoeboid
protozoans in lake and ditch sediments. We collected sediment
samples from the canal, lake and mouths of ditches in May, 1995,
and had them analyzed for amoebae by Dr. Thomas Sawyer (Rescon
Associates, Royal Oak, MD), who did this work gratis. Dr. Sawyer
identified a total of 20 genera and species of amoebae, including
one or more species of Acanthamoeba, the genus Naegleria, the genus
Vahlkampfia, and the genus Hartmanella, which can grow at elevated
Table 4.
Mean (± std) Fecal coliforms (FC) with minimum and maximum values
for sample sites in Lake Waccamaw North Carolina, as determined
by the membrane filtration method.

site
n=
mean
std FC/100 ml
min
max
State Park, Lake 3 26.7 ± 37.7 0.0 80.0
Dam, Lake 2 6.6 ± 3.3 3.3 10.0
Mid-lake 6 2.2 ± 2.5 0.0 6.7
Dupree Landing, Lake 5 102.6 ± 121.3 3.3 333.3
Wildlife access
area, canal 5 295.4 ± 251.7 67.0 743.0
Canal Road, Bridge 7 632.6 ± 499.4 53.3 1503.3
N. West, Lake 6 2739.3 ± 5077.8 43.3 14000.0
Mill Race, canal 6 9376.8 ±11408.0 53.3 27000.0+
Flemington Dr., Lake 5 227.9 ± 177.8 16.6 516.7
Dallas Ave., Ditch 11 8190.1 ±16621.3 50.0 55000.0+
Cameron `3t., Ditch 4 236.6 ± 230.7 20.0 570.0
North shore 1, Lake 4 71.0 ± 53.6 3.3 130.0
North shore 2, Lake 3 5451.1 ± 7460.3 16.6 16000.0+
Columbus Ave., Lake 4 745.1 ± 1202.2 10.0 2826.6
Maple Ave., Ditch 11 6092.4 ±11407.8 46.6 39000.0+
Bartram Lane, Lake 6 587.7 ± 356.6 16.6 1036.6
+ Fecal coliform counts from this area included plates that were
to"numerous to count (TNTC) and have not been included in the
data.
Fig. 6. Summary of data for fecal coliforms sampled in and around
Lake Waccamaw, 1995-1996. Arrows denote ditch mouths. Stippled area
is incorporated Town of Lake Waccamaw. Cross-hatched area is land
portion of Lake Waccamaw State Park. "TNTC" = too numerous to
count.
214
Big
• Creek
f ?.
t ?
t ?
,
? t
. ? t
? f
jL9 f
N ? I
? f
? I
I
Lak Waccamaw
• f
FECAL COLIFORMS 100/NL `%
•
•
`
GREEN 0-200 ? ?. ?? '
i
YELLOW 201-2000 ?%
• ORANGE 2001-5000
• RED 5001-TNTC AM.
temperatures corresponding to those of warm-blooded organisms and
are potential human pathogens. Thermotolerant amoebae dominated at
all five ditch, canal and nearshore sites but were less frequent at
sites farther out in the lake (Table 5). Collectively their
presence is a strong indicator of fecal contamination. Note that
all the amoeba species recovered from lake shore sediments at the
Ambassador Camp, where organized swimming activities occur, were
thermotolerant, indicating they came from and/or could infect warm-
blooded hosts.
Our coliform and amoebae results convinced us that fecal
contamination through the drainage ditches posed a serious threat
to water quality in the lake. However, we could not distinguish
among possible animal and human sources or determine where
contamination entered the ditches. Possible fecal contamination
sources included leaks in the Town's sewage system, livestock,
domestic pets, and wild animals such as raccoons that live in close
association with humans and water.
Our results and the clear need to identify pollution sources
so that effective remedies could be planned led us to propose
additional field work and an expansion of the scope of the project.
Support for this work was secured in late 1995. We did additional
sampling for coliforms and amoebae in the ditches upstream of
sewage line crossings. We sampled sediments for amoebae at more
sites in Lake Waccamaw and in Singletary Lake as a reference for
fecal contamination from wild animals. We contracted with Dr.
Sawyer to analyze the samples we collected for amoebae. We also did
a dye study looking for evidence of leaks from the Town's sewer
lines into the major ditches.
We collected sediment samples from Singletary Lake, Lake
Waccamaw, and ditches throughout the Town of Lake Waccamaw in
November of 1995 for amoeba analysis. We sampled fecal coliforms
from each location with standing water as well. We recovered low
numbers of amoeba species, and no thermotolerant ones, from
sediments in Singletary Lake compared to sediments in Lake
Waccamaw, where we recovered larger numbers of all amoebae and more
thermotolerant ones (Fig. 7). The two Lake Waccamaw sites with the
highest numbers of amoeba species recovered and most thermotolerant
species were near ditches at Dallas Avenue (site LW-10) and
Ambassador Camp (LW-13). Sediment samples from ditches yielded 8-13
species of amoebae, with 3 to 5 thermotolerant species at each site
(Fig. 8). A sediment sample from Colley Creek, the outlet from Lake
Singletary, yielded 3 species, including one thermotolerant
species. Coliform counts at sites with standing water were
generally low, except for the mouths of ditches entering Lake
Waccamaw (Table 6).
We conducted additional sampling for amoebae in sediments and
fecal coliforms in overlying water at 12 additional ditch sites in
December, 1995, and at seven lake sites along the north shore in
January, 1996 (Table 7). The coliform and amoebae data show that
the ditch near Dallas Avenue is contaminated with fecal material
well upstream of the sewer line crossings just north of Dallas
Avenue and along Nancy St., indicating that leakage from the sewer
lines can not be the only source of contamination to that ditch.
The large ditch that empties into the lake near The Anchorage also
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o. Species/Station
42 C 0 series t
Ambient IN Series z
to
9
8
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r s
0
t S
a 4
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3
2
Station No.
Fig. 7. Distribution of low temperature tolerant (blue) and
thermotolerant (red) amoebae in Lake Singletary (LS-#) and Lake
Waccamaw (LW-#) sediment samples collected in November, 1995. Note
higher diversity at sites LW-lo and LW-13, which were near mouths
of drainage ditches at Dallas Avenue and Ambassador Camp. Also note
low diversity and lack of thermotolerant species at Lake
Singletary.
13
12
11
10
9
T 8
0 7
t 6
a
1 5
4
3
2
1
0 ,.
LW-7
LW-3 LW-9
'LW-BH =roadside ditch bordering cow pasture and Boys Hone
"LS CC=sail from Colley Creel( drairirg ! ake Singletary
Fig. 8. Distribution of low temperature tolerant (purple) and
thermotolerant (red) amoebae in ditch samples from Town of Lake
Waccamaw in November, 1995. Site designations are as in Table 6.
"LW-BH" is a sample from a ditch near Boys' Home Farm with no
standing water; "LS-CC" is a sample from Colley Creek, the outlet
from Lake Singletary (note low diversity there).
LW-12 LW-14 LW-BH• LS-CC*
Station No.
tI ??v
Table 6. Coliform counts (by mFC method) at sites sampled for
amoeboid
t
p ro
ozoans in November, 1995. LS = Single tary L ake sites,
LW = Lake Waccamaw sites. Data are means ± 1 std . dev. Sediments
were also sampled for amoeboid protozoans at one Singletary site
(soil near Colley Creek) and two Waccamaw sites (a second site near
the dam and a ditch near Boys' Home farm) where coliforms were not
sampled).
Site # Site Description C olifor ms/100 ml
LS-1 Singletary, mid-lake 0 ± 0
LS-2 Singletary, mid-lake 0 ± 0 j
LS-3 Singletary, lake shore 0 ± 0 4
LS-4 Singletary, outlet creek mouth 3 ± 5
LW-5 Waccamaw, above outlet @ dam 10 ± 8
LW-6 Waccamaw, lake @ Dupree landing 3 ± 5
LW-7 Waccamaw, canal below lift sta. #11 53 ± 5
LW-8 Waccamaw, pond @ Boys' Home farm 110 ± 16
LW-9 Waccamaw, ditch on Cameron St. near
rest home 0 + 0
LW-10
LW-11 Waccamaw, ditch @ Dallas Ave.
W
l
k
h 723 ± 9
accamaw,
a
e s
ore @ The Anchorage 3 ± 5
LW-12 Waccamaw, ditch in woods @.McRae La. 0 + 0
LW-13 Waccamaw, ditch @ Ambassador Camp 337 ± 59 !
LW-14 Waccamaw, ditch @ Maple Ave. 363 ± 17

I - 11
1 ? }p 1 ? p
1 ? ? --_E f 1 t'I
r r ' F ,
1 1.
1 - '
I j

t k ; Y F
?
I

' i
j
I

i
i + ' I t

1
t71
Table 7. Fecal coliform and amoeba recovery data from ditch
sampling in December, 1995, and lake sampling in January, 1996.
Data are mean fecal coliforms/100 ml ± 1 std. dev. and numbers of
species of amoebae cultured from sediment samples at 20°C and 40-42
°C (thermotolerant), respectively. Ditches are named for the
streets nearest their outlets to the lake (Fig. 1).
amoebae spp.
C i f-n ...., s ?........ in , no- n... ....
Ditches (on 12/21/95)
Dallas Ave., mouth
Dallas Ave., 50 m inland
Dallas Ave., north of Nancy St.
Anchorage, north of Ash St.
Anchorage, south of Ash St.
Anchorage, 100 m inland
Anchorage, mouth
Lakeview, upstream of sewer line
Maple St., at Columbia Ave.
Maple St., at West Oak St.
Maple St., at Pecan Lane
Maple St., mouth
Lake (on 1/10/96)
200 m south of Big Creek
mid-lake
100 m south of Dallas Ave. ditch
100 m south of Anchorage ditch
100 m south of Maple Ave. ditch
500 m south of Maple Ave. ditch
100 m south of Big Creek
1410 ± 135 7 6
1710 ± 194 7 6
1080 ± 137 3 7
30 ± 8 6 7
1777 ± 138 6 6
34 ± 4 9 7
117 ± 39 8 8
50 ± 16 9 6
53 ± 25 8 7
33 ± 9 6 9
497 ± 9 8 6
620 ± 85 8 6
10 ± 8 4 1
3 ± 5 3 0
0 ± 0 4 1
17 ± 5 3 0
7 ± 9 4 0
20 ± 16 2 1
0 ± 0 3 1
shows evidence of fecal contamination upstream of the sewer line
crossings. The ditch at Lakeview Avenue is relatively short and
shallow and shows low coliforms but the same level of amoeba
recovery as the other ditches, suggesting it, too, receives fecal
contamination from sources other than leaks in the sewer line
crossing the ditch. The large, branched ditch system that empties
into the lake near Maple Avenue shows increasing coliforms nearer
the lake, but essentially the same high level of amoeba recoveries
throughout. Lake samples taken about three weeks later show much
lower numbers of coliforms and amoebae, but dilution and cold
temperatures would be expected to produce these results.
Analysis of recoveries of amoeba species in the genus
Acanthamoeba from ditch and lake samples helps illustrate the
overall pattern and emphasizes the threat posed to human health by
fecal contamination (Table 8). Eight species of this genus were
identified in ditch and lake sediment samples collected in
December, 1995, and January, 1996, and one new species has now been
described by Dr. Sawyer. Acanthamoeba hatchetii is a human pathogen
that can cause fatal infections of the brain and nervous system.
This dangerous microorganism was recovered from five ditch sites
and two lake sites in the late 1995 sampling and from three sites
in the northern littoral zone of the lake in May, 1995 (Table 5).
Other thermotolerant species are also potential human pathogens.
Half the total isolates from the ditch samples were thermotolerant,
but only four of 22 isolates from lake samples were thermotolerant.
The results of the last series of ditch and lake sampling
confirm our earlier coliform and amoeba results. Fig. 9 summarizes
the amoebae recovery data from the November, 1995, sampling and
indicates a broad distribution of fecal contamination throughout
the ditches in the Town of Lake Waccamaw. Assuming that the
presence of thermotolerant amoeba species represents an indication
of fecal contamination at some time in the past, even if concurrent
sampling for fecal coliforms yielded low counts, then there is
fecal contamination in lakeshore sediments, in the mouths of
ditches entering the lake, and in the ditches well upstream of
their mouths. The low levels of coliforms and thermotolerant
amoebae recovered from Singletary Lake suggest that wild animals
contribute very little to the fecal contamination signal we
detected around Lake Waccamaw, and that fecal contamination at Lake
Waccamaw is associated with the presence of humans. However, the
presence of fecal contamination indicators in ditches upstream of
where the Town's sewage system crosses those ditches points
strongly to non-human fecal contamination sources, perhaps pets,
livestock, or wild animals that associate with humans, such as
raccoons and opossums. Cattle at the Boys' Home farm are a likely
source of the coliforms and thermotolerant amoebae we recovered
from sites downstream of the farm. However, livestock are an
unlikely source of contamination to ditches entering the lake near
Dallas Avenue, Ambassador Camp, or the Anchorage.
Sewage System Dye Study
The Town of Lake Waccamaw completed a project to slip-line
portions of the municipal sewage system in late summer of 1995
it •r
Table B. Distribution of Acanthamoeba species isolates from lake
and ditch samples by growth temperature.

A. astronyxis 8 11 2 0
A. castellani 0 0 1 0
A. culbertsoni 0 3 0 0
A. hatchetii 2 5 6 2
A. jacobsi 2 5 0 0
A. polyphaga 5 0 7 0
A. rhysodes 8 3 5 2
A. terricola 1 0 1 0

Totals
26
27
22 i
4
s
i

i i
j

f
i

'??t.crf??? Ilrstrit,ijtic,rr
20
18
N 16
° 14
12
S
P 10
e 8
C
i 6
e
s 4
2
0
0 Ambient
942C
Lake Waccamaw lake pitches Lake Singletary
_ j
sarnpie site J
Fig. 9. Summary of distribution data for amoebae that grew at
ambient (20°C) temperature and thermotolerant species that grew at
42°C in samples collected in November, 1995.
(Fig. 1). Slip-lining was intended to correct infiltration problems
that were causing overflows at lift stations. Overflows and
exfiltration from breaks in the old sewer lines were probably
responsible for a substantial amount of sewage contamination in the
lake and canal. We conducted dye studies in the fall of 1995 and
spring of 1996 with help from the Town of Lake Waccamaw and
concerned citizens. A 1/2 lb. (265 g) tablet of rhodamine WT dye
was placed in a sewage lift station near Bartram Avenue (pump
station # 13) on the eastern side of town and water samples were
then drawn at intervals from several ditches for 1-2 days. Dye
content was assayed using a Turner model ill fluorometer equipped
with the Rhodamine filter set and light source and calibrated
against a dilution series of dye. We made an effort to do the dye
study immediately after a substantial rain event so that any leaks
in the sewer pipes would drive dye into the ditches. The first
study was inconclusive, but the second revealed evidence of some
small leaks from the system into several of the ditches (Fig. 10).
Dye concentrations in the ditches were low at the first sampling
time immediately after the dye was placed, rose significantly
within 2-3 hours, then fluctuated or dropped. Dye concentrations in
the ditch at Lakeview Avenue, a very shallow ditch, never rose as
much as dye concentrations at deeper ditches, where sewer lines
must be closer to the bottoms of the ditches. Dye concentrations
are all in the range of 10 to 180 parts per hundred million, which
indicates a combination of substantial dilution and/or minor
leakage from the system. Large leaks from the system, even the
portions not yet slip-lined, are unlikely as they would produce
blowouts near the leaks. However, the results of this study do not
rule out the sewer system as a source of low volumes of sewage
inputs to the drainage ditches.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Stormwater runoff through man-made ditches into Lake Waccamaw
poses different '_evels of threat to water quality for different
measured parameters. Stormwater probably contributes negligibly to
overall loadings of suspended solids in the lake. Stormwater runoff
apparently doubles the normal loadings of phosphorus and nitrogen
to the northern littoral zone, thereby exacerbating eutrophication
problems along that shoreline. Stormwater runoff also carries fecal
contamination into the lake from multiple sources distributed
throughout the area drained by the drainage ditch system. This
fecal contamination poses an ongoing threat to human health,
particularly immediately after rain events and along the north
shoreline, where swimming activity is high. Repairs to the Town's
sewer system, although highly desirable and mostly effective at
limiting this source of fecal contamination to the lake, will not
completely remove fecal contamination from stormwater entering the
lake. The most effective remedy for water quality problems caused
by stormwater entering the lake through man-made ditches is to
reroute as much of this water as possible away from the lake
through alternate drainage systems, ideally into the swamps on
either side of the Town of Lake Waccamaw.
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References
APHA. 1985. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste
water. American Public Health Association.. A.E. Greenberg, ed.
1268 pp.
Cahoon, L.B., and J.R. Kucklick. 1993. Characteristics of nitrogen
fixation in Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci.
Soc. 109:20-29.
Cahoon, L.B., J.R. Kucklick, and J.C. Stager. 1990. A natural
phosphate source for Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina USA. Int. Revue
ges. Hydrobiol. 75:339-351.
Cahoon, L.B., J.R. Kucklick, R.H. Kiefer, and J.D. Willey. 1993.
The effects of chemical weathering on limestone dissolution and
phosphate release into Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina. J. Elisha
Mitchell Sci. Soc. 109:123-134.
Casterlin, M.E., W.W. Reynolds, D.G. Lindquist, and C.G. Yarbrough.
1984. Algal and physiochemical indicators of eutrophication in a
lake harboring endemic species: Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina. J.
Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 100:83-103.
Kucklick, J.R. 1988. Undescribed sources of nutrients to Lake
Waccamaw, North Carolina. Unpublished M.S. thesis, UNC-Wilmington,
116 pp.
Sawyer, T.K. 1992. Distribution of microbial agents ?n marine
ecosystems as a consequence of sewage-disposal practices, pp. 239-
262, in A. Rosenfield and R. Mann, eds., Dispersal of living
organisms into aquatic ecosystems. Univ. of Maryland Sea Grant,
College Park, MD.
Smith, V.H. 1983. Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favor dominance
by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Science 221:669-671.
Valderrama, J.C. 1981. The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen
and phosphorus in natural waters. Mar. Chem 10:109-122.
R
CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION
and
DEVELOPMENT, INC.
Brunswick o Columbus o New Hanover o Pender
First Union Building • 201 N. Front Street, Suite 615 • Wilmington, N.C. 28401
Telephone [phone] o Fax [phone]
To: Jeff Bruton, DEHNR-DWR
Tim Kennedy, DEHNR-DSWC
Dr. Larry Cahoon, UNCW
Dr. Greg Jennings, NCSU
David Cotton, Town Manager, Lake Waccamaw
Eric Galamb, DEHNR-DWQ
Mike Taylor, US COE
keV(Ai
From: Greg Wal/?
Director
Subject: Meeting Confirmation
Lake Waccamaw Stormwater Diversion Project
Date: October 16, 1997
This memo is to confirm our meeting plans for Wednesday, October 29, 1997, at
11:00 AM, at the Lake Waccamaw Town Hall. Our purpose for meeting is to discuss
monitoring the outlet of the proposed project.
Please call if you have questions.
A non-profit organization.

R
CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION, e,.,,,
and
2??c
DEVELOPMENT, INC.
F?
Brunswick v Columbus O New Hanover 0 Pender Fs
First Union Building e 201 N. Front Street, Suite 615 e Wilmington, N.C. 28401
Telephone [phone] o Fax [phone]
Mr. Eric Galamb
Division of Water Quality
Environmental Science Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
October 6, 1997
Subject: Lake Waccamaw
Project #970073
COE#199701176
Dear Mr. Galamb:
This letter is in response to the requirements set forth in the letter dated August 29,
1997, 401 certification. You should be in receipt of our request to extend the date 60
days for payment into the Wetland Restoration Program (item #6). Item number eight
requests a management plan for the sediment basin.
The sediment basin will be managed by the Town of Lake Waccamaw. The following is
a description of the plan:
1. The first year of the project would be most critical. For the first year, the
basin will be evaluated after each major rainfall event. A major rainfall
event would include 3" or greater in a 24-hour period or possibly a lessor
amount in a "flash flood" type of event. When the basin reaches 50%
capacity, plans will be made to excavate the basin to original conditions.
Spoil will be hauled away and deposited on non-wetland soils.
2. After the first year, the project should be more stabilized by vegetative
material, therefore, minimizing sediments moving in the channel. The basin
would be monitored on a quarterly basis. When the basin reaches 50%
capacity, plans will be made to excavate the spoil. Again, the spoil will be
hauled away and placed on non-wetland soils.
3. If maintenance work degrades the vegetation established, it will be re-
seeded within seven days. Technical assistance for the seeding operation or
A non-profit organization.
for the evaluation process of the basin can be requested of the Columbus
Soil & Water Conservation District.
It is the intent of the Town to manage and maintain this project. If you have
suggestions to add to the management of the basin, please offer them.
Sincerely,
Greg Walker
Director
Cc David Cotton, Manager, Lake Waccamaw
Donna Register, NRCS, Columbus County
Mike Taylor, US COE

Cape Fear RC & D
4t" Quarter Report
Projects Adopted: Canterbury Stables Waste Management II
EWP Assessments
Dune Revegetation Projects
Projects Completed: Canterbury Stables Waste Management
EWP Assessments
Direct Dollars: $5,075.00
Non-Direct Dollars: $ 5,200 Cape Fear Canoe Trail
$ 30,514 Lake Waccamaw Stormwater Diversion
$ 335 SBHS Aquaculture
$ 1,300 Canterbury Stables
Grants Written: $2,600,000 EWP Pender
$ 41,000 EWP Columbus
$ 135,000 EWP New Hanover
$ 39,000 Lake Waccamaw Stormwater Diversion
$ 135 SBHS-Brunswick SWCD
$ 75 SBHS-Brunswick Farm Supply
$ 50 SBHS-Robinson Farm Supply
$ 75 SBHS-Mill Creek Farm Supply
$ 1,300 Canterbury Stables Waste Management
Active Projects: Calico Bay Water Management
Enhanced Wetland Project
Grissett Swamp Channel Snag
Lake Waccamaw Stormwater Diversion Project
NE Brunswick Wastewater & Sewer Service Study
Caw Caw Swamp Channel
Shingletree Acres Water Management
South Brunswick High Aquaculture
Biomass Energy from Coastal Bermudagrass Hay
Canterbury Stables Waste Management
Regional Fair Project
Green Swamp Experimental Burn
Pender Emergency Watershed Protection Program
Cape Fear River Canoe Trail & Brochure
Dune Revegetation Project
Emergency Watershed Protection Program
Canterbury Stables 11
R
CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION
-1VED
and SEp J n
U 1997.
DEVELOPMENT, INC. E40n,ti,,,.? J c ,C.&,CES
Brunswick o Columbus o New Hanover o Pender
First Union Building • 201 N. Front Street, Suite 615 o Wilmington, N.C. 28401
Telephone [phone] o Fax [phone]
Mr. Eric Galamb
DEHNR-Division of Water Quality
Environmental Sciences Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
September 29, 1997
Subject: WQC Project #970073, COE #199701176
Dear Mr. Galamb:
As per our telephone conversation on September 25, 1997, 1 would like to request a
60-day extension in providing payment of $39,000.00 for participation in the Wetland
Restoration Program.
Thank you for your attention to this matter. Please call me if there are questions.
Sincerely,
Greg W er
Director
Cc: David Cotton, Manager, Town of Lake Waccamaw
Roy Lowe, Member, Cape Fear RC & D
Mike Taylor, US Corps of Engineers
Rep. Dewey Hill, Columbus County
A non-profit organization.
To
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TELEPHONED LEASE CALL IAI
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WANTS TO SEE YOU URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
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AMPAD REORDER
EFFICIENCY' 923-006
To
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UVH YOU WERE OUT
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CALLED TO SEE YOU WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU URGENT
RETURNED YOUR?CA/LL
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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources 1
Division of Coastal Management `
James B. Hunt, Governor H N
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary Roger N. Schecter, Director
February 21, 1997
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mr. A. Preston Howard, P. E.
Director
Division of Water Quality
FROM: John R. Parker, Jr.
Inland "404" Coordinator
SUBJECT: "404" Project Review
RECEIVED
FEB 2 71997.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
-..
The attached U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Public Notice for Action No. 199701176 dated January 27,
1997 describing a proposed project by the Town of Wacczmaw is being circulated to interested state
agencies for comments on applicable Section 404 and/or Section 10 permits.
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and return this form
ASAP. If you have any questions regarding the proposed project, please contact me at 733-2293. When
appropriate, in-depth comments with supporting data is requested.
REPLY This office supports the project proposal.
No comment.
Comments on this project are attached.
This office objects to the project as proposed.
Signed
Date
P.O. Box 27687, ZA ©`: FAX [phone]
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer
Voice 919-733-2293 50% recycled/10% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina Q_9? \
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources 4 ° o
Division of Coastal Management q
James B. Hunt, Governor n n Nr=
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Roger N. Schecter, Director
February 21, 1997
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mr. A. Preston Howard, P. E.
Director
Division of Water Quality
FROM: John R. Parker, Jr.
Inland "404" Coordinator
SUBJECT: "404" Project Review
The attached U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Public Notice for Action No. 199701176 dated January 27,
1997 describing a proposed project by the Town of Waccamaw is being circulated to interested state
agencies for comments on applicable Section 404 and/or Section 10 permits.
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and return this form
ASAP. If you have any questions regarding the proposed project, please contact me at 733-2293. When
appropriate, in-depth comments with supporting data is requested.
REPLY This office supports the project proposal.
No comment.
Comments on this project are attached.
This office objects to the project as proposed.
Signed
Date
P.O. Box 27687, ?© FAX [phone]
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer
Voice 919-733-2293 50% recycled/10lo post-consumer paper
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890 ?y
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
7
Action ID No. 199401176 January 27, 1997
PUBLIC NOTICE
TOWN OF WACCAMAW, Post Office Box 145, Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina
28450, has applied for a Department of the Army (DA) permit TO EXCAVATE AND
DISCHARGE FILL MATERIAL INTO 7.6 ACRES OF WETLANDS TO CONSTRUCT A SEDIMENT
BASIN AND DEEPEN AND WIDEN 6,200 FEET OF DRAINAGE DITCHES TO DIVERT A PORTION
OF THE STORM WATER RUNOFF FROM THE MAPLE AVENUE DITCH TO NC 214 AT LAKE
WACCAMAW, COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA.
The following description of the work is taken from data provided by the
applicant and from observations made during a site visit by representatives of
the Corps of Engineers. Plans submitted with the application show 6,200 feet
of existing ditches will be improved to provide adequate drainage for flatland
areas. The existing ditch is approximately 3 feet deep with a 3-4 foot
bottom. The proposed ditch will have an average of 5 feet and bottom width of
4 feet. The width of the bottom will increase to 6 feet from Station 25+52 to
Station 21+82 adjacent to the housing along NC 214. The spoil material will
be placed on the south side, in this section of the ditch, to provide
additional measure for flood protection. The ditch bottom width will increase
to 8 feet wide on the east side of NC 214 to carry peak flow within the banks
to prevent sedimentation along NC 214 right of way and to improve efficiency
of the sediment basin of station 14+80 to 13+00. The purpose of the work is
to divert a portion of the storm water runoff from Maple Avenue ditch at Lake
Waccamaw going thru Green Swamp to Big Creek then to the lake. This project
would divert 160 acres of runoff back into Green Swamp that would normally
flow into Maple Avenue ditch then directly into Lake Waccamaw. A sediment
basin will be constructed to improve the water quality of the runoff from the
construction project. The reason for this project is to improve the water
quality along the northern shoreline where the majority of the direct human
activity takes place. Turbidity and coliform bacteria counts have been to
exceed state standards with as little as 1" of rainfall. Runoff would have to
travel over 3000 feet to Big Creek before entering Lake Waccamaw. Work will
be preformed by a track backhoe and spoil will be placed along side of the
ditch. Plans showing the work are included with this public notice.
The North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
has authorized the work.
The State of North Carolina will review this public notice to determine
the need for the applicant to obtain any required State authorization. No
Department of the Army (DA) permit will be issued until the coordinated State
viewpoint on the proposal has been received and reviewed by this agency, nor
will a DA permit be issued until the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) has determined the applicability of a Water Quality
Certificate as required by PL 92-500.

This applicatibn is being considered pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). Any person may request, in writing within the
comment period specified in the notice, that a public hearing be held to
consider this application. Requests for public hearing shall state, with
particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing.
The District Engineer has consulted the latest published version of the
National Register of Historic Places for the presence or absence of registered
properties, or properties listed as being eligible for inclusion therein, and
this site is *not registered property or property listed as being eligible for
inclusion in the Register. Consultation of the National Register constitutes
the extent of cultural resource investigations by the District Engineer, and
he is otherwise unaware of the presence of such resources. Presently, unknown
archeological, scientific, prehistorical, or historical data may be lost or
destroyed by work under the requested permit.
The District Engineer, based on available information, is not aware that
the proposed activity will affect species, or their critical habitat,
designated as endangered or threatened pursuant to the Endangered Species Act
of 1973.
The decision whether to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of
the probable impacts, including cumulative impacts, of the proposed activity
and its intended use on the public interest. Evaluation of the probable
impacts which the proposed activity may have on the public interest requires a
careful weighing of all those factors which become relevant in each particular
case. The benefits which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the
proposal must be balanced against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. The
decision whether to authorize a proposal, and if so the conditions under which
it will be allowed to occur, are therefore determined by the outcome of the
general balancing process. That decision should reflect the national concern
for both protection and utilization of important resources. All factors which
may be relevant to the proposal must be considered including the cumulative
effects thereof. Among those are conservation, economics, aesthetics, general
environmental concerns, wetlands, cultural values, fish and wildlife values,
flood hazards and flood plain values (in accordance with Executive Order
11988), land use, navigation, shore erosion and accretion, recreation, water
supply and conservation, water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber
production, mineral needs, considerations of property ownership, and, in
general, the needs and welfare of the people. For activities involving the
placement of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, a
permit will be denied if the discharge that would be authorized by such permit
would riot comply with the Environmental Protection Agencies' 404(b)(1)
guidelines. Sub3ect to the preceding sentence and any other applicable
guidelines or criteria, a permit will be granted unless the District Engineer
determines that it would be contrary to the public interest.
The Corps of Engineers is soliciting comments from the public; Federal,
State and local agencies and officials; Indian Tribes and other interested
parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of this proposed
activity. Any comments received will be considered by the Corps of Engineers
to determine whether to issue, modify, condition or deny a permit for this
proposal. To make this decision, comments are used to assess impacts on
2

endangered species, historic properties, water quality, general environmental
effects and the other public interest factors listed above. Comments are used
in the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA..) and/or an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA). Comments are also used to determine the need for a public
hearing and to determine the overall public interest of the proposed activity.
Generally, the decision whether to issue this Department of the Army (DA)
permit will not be made until the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) issues, denies, or waives State certification required by
Section 901 of the Clean Water Act. The NCDEM considers whether or not the
proposed activity will comply with Sections 301, 302, 306, and 307 of the
Clean Water Act. The application and this public notice for the Department of
the Army (DA) permit serves as application to the NCDEM for certification.
Additional information regarding the Clean Water Act certification may be
reviewed at the offices of the Environmental Operations Section, North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), Salisbury Street,
Archdale Building, Raleigh, North Carolina. Copies of such materials will be
furnished to any person requesting copies upon payment of reproduction costs.
All persons desiring to make comments regarding the application for Clean
Water Act certification should do so in writing delivered to the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM), Post Office Box 27687,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687, on or before February 21, 1997,
Attention: Mr. John Dorney.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as outlined above, will
be received in this office, Attention: Mr. Michael S. Taylor, until
9:15 p.m., February 28, 1997, or telephone [phone].
3
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R CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION
and
DEVELOPMENT, INC.
Brunswick o Columbus a New Hanover 0 Pender
First Union Building • 201 N. Front Street, Suite 615 a Wilmington, N.C. 28101
Telephone [phone] Fax [phone]
44
t
July 7, 1997 f-
Mr. Mike Taylor
US Army Corps ofBngineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
Action TD#: 199701176
Dear Mr. Taylor,
Your letter dated Juno 6, 1997, asks that we address the DEBNR-DWQ concerns as
stated in the letter from Mr. John Dorney dated May 7, 1997. 1 have spoken with Mr.
Eric Galamb about these concerns and J believe that we have come to an agreement. The
following paragraphs define the points of our discussion.
The Town will make plans to mitigate 2.5 acres of wetland impacts. As I discussed with
Mr. Galamb, 0.3 acre of riparian wetland impacts are realized as well as 2.2 acres of non-
riparian impacts. The Town will raise funds in order to enter the State Wetland
Restoration program at a cost of $33,600.
0.3 x $24,000 for riparian = $7,200
2.2 x 512,000 for non-riparian = $26,400
$26,400 + $7,200 = $33,600
The Town is seeking to find other.mitigation opportunities but has been unsuccessful thus
fax. Should an equivalent property become available for appropriate mitigation, the Town
would like the opportunity to review the site and all requirements with the Corps and state
officials.
The inflow and infiltration study has been completed as I am assured by I& John Barlow,
Manager of the Town of Lake Waccamaw. The Town recognizes that "gray water" entry
into ditches is possible and will continue to correct any such practices. The area has sewer
service and the residents are being charged for it. Town officials, as well as citizens, will

A non-profit organization.
ao •d 6868£9L a33a UVBJ 3da3
support eflbrts to improve these ditches for water quality and water management
purposes.
Other concerns were addressed about the sediment basin. The project is designed to
divert stormwater to its actual "natural course," the Friar/Grecn Swamp. The swamp will
adequately treat nitrogen and phosphorus with the vast-plant community there to utilizo
what will be a diluted amount of nutrients. This is to nay that flows will be negligible once
they enter the widespread area of the swamp. There will be some exposure to sunlight at
the sediment basin which may kill some of the coliforms. However, the low pH of the
swamp should adequately handle any remaining bacteria. Y am not aware of design criteria
for sediment basins that address nutrient treatment or colifonm treatment other than what
is required by a NPDES permit. This basin is designed to capture sediment loads and the
Town certainly plans to maintain this basin.
Please call if you have questions.
Sincerely,
Greg Walker
Director
`` , GW/pj
cc: Eric Galamb, DVU'Q
Bennett Wynne, WRC
John Barlow, Town Manager, Lake Waccamaw

F©'d 6868£9L Q33a UV3J 3dH3
. ? .
CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION]
and
DEVELOPMENT, INC.
Brunswick O COlultill1US o New Hanover o Pender
First Union Building • 20i N. Front Street, Suite 615 • Wilmington, N.C. 28401
Telcphonc(910)763•6611 • Fax (910)763,898A
FAX COVER SHEET
T©'d
TO:'??
(cl1q)7?53
FROM : Gre w n S, e
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SUBJECT!
pf ?)e (t
PAGES: ?. > 1h ??.
A non-profit organization.
6868£9L Q!33M UV3d 3dH3
R
D
CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION
and ,J6,1
DEVELOPMENT, INC. e??on.t _2'' ?yyi
Brunswick o Columbus o New Hanover 0 Pender First Union Building o 201 N. Front Street, Suite 615 e Wilmington, N.C. 28401
Telephone [phone] a Fax [phone]
July 7, 1997
Mr. Mike Taylor
US Army Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
Action ID#: 199701176
Dear Mr. Taylor,
Your letter dated June 6, 1997, asks that we address the DEHNR-DWQ concerns as
stated in the letter from Mr. John Dorney dated May 7, 1997. I have spoken with Mr.
Eric Galamb about these concerns and I believe that we have come to an agreement. The
following paragraphs define the points of our discussion.
The Town will make plans to mitigate 2.5 acres of wetland impacts. As I discussed with
Mr. Galamb, 0.3 acre of riparian wetland impacts are realized as well as 2.2 acres of non-
riparian impacts. The Town will raise funds in order to enter the State Wetland
Restoration program at a cost of $33,600.
0.3 x $24,000 for riparian = $7,200
2.2 x $12,000 for non-riparian = $26,400
$26,400 + $7,200 = $33,600
The Town is seeking to find other mitigation opportunities but has been unsuccessful thus
far. Should an equivalent property become available for appropriate mitigation, the Town
would like the opportunity to review the site and all requirements with the Corps and state
officials.
The inflow and infiltration study has been completed as I am assured by Mr. John Barlow,
Manager of the Town of Lake Waccamaw. The Town recognizes that "gray water" entry
into ditches is possible and will continue to correct any such practices. The area has sewer
service and the residents are being charged for it. Town officials, as well as citizens, will
A non-profit organization.
support efforts to improve these ditches for water quality and water management
purposes.
Other concerns were addressed about the sediment basin. The project is designed to
divert stormwater to its actual "natural course," the Friar/Green Swamp. The swamp will
adequately treat nitrogen and phosphorus with the vast plant community there to utilize
what will be a diluted amount of nutrients. This is to say that flows will be negligible once
they enter the widespread area of the swamp. There will be some exposure to sunlight at
the sediment basin which may kill some of the coliforms. However, the low pH of the
swamp should adequately handle any remaining bacteria. I am not aware of design criteria
for sediment basins that address nutrient treatment or coliform treatment other than what
is required by a NPDES permit. This basin is designed to capture sediment loads and the
Town certainly plans to maintain this basin.
Please call if you have questions.
Sincerely,
Greg Walker
Director
GW/pj
cc: Eric Galamb, DWQ
Bennett Wynne, WRC
John Barlow, Town Manager, Lake Waccamaw

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
May 7, 1997
Town of Waccamaw
P.O. Box 145
Waccamaw, NC 28450
Dear Sir:
Re: 401 Water Quality Certification Application for the Drainage Ditch Impact and
the Stormwater Basin for the Town of Waccamaw
DWQ Project #970073, COE No. 199701176
On April 22, 1997, Mr. Eric Galamb of my staff met on site with staff from the Town,
N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, UNCW and
Coastal Environmental. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss the project's design and
determine the impacts on the wetlands as well as the requirements of our 401 Water Quality
Certification rules. The project proposes to widen and deepen existing ditches so that historical
flow to Green Swamp can be restored. This project is expected to improve the water quality in
Lake Waccamaw by using a stormwater basin and the Green Swamp wetlands to treat
stormwater.
The Division of Water Quality (DWQ believes that this project can benefit the water
quality of the lake by using the wetlands to remove sediment and nutrients. However, as the
project is designed, there may be inadequate treatment of fecal coliform bacteria due to the short
residence time of the stormwater pond. In addition, the stormwater pond will need to have
maximum exposure to the sun for coliform treatment. Based on discussions with our
stormwater engineers, the pond will remove at most 30% of the incoming nitrogen and
phosphorus.
DWQ is concerned that wetlands will be impacted by the proposed project for minimal
nutrient and sediment treatment and little or no treatment of fecal coliform. We therefore
request (by copy of this letter) that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) investigate
avoidance and minimization efforts that would perform the same water quality benefits without
impacting wetlands. One possibility would be to conduct a full inflow and infiltration study for
the sewer lines in the town. Furthermore, a complete field inspection of the existing
stormwater ditch network might be undertaken to identify possible "illegal" septic tank or gray
water (washing machine, sink etc.) discharges.
Mr. Greg Walker asked that I discuss available mitigation options. For DWQ to issue the
401 Water Quality Certification, the Town will need to restore or create an acreage of wetlands
which is equal to the impact. The public notice states that there would be 7.6 acres of impact.
If the COE does not require mitigation, our rules (15A NCAC 2H. 0506(h)(7)) require a 4:1
ratio of restoration for the wetland impacts within 150 feet of surface waters, 2:1 of restoration
between 150 feet and 1000 feet of surface water and 1:1 restoration for the impacts beyond
1000 feet of surface waters. If the COE requires some mitigation, our rules (15A NCAC 2H
.0506(h)(6)) would require at least 7.6 acres of restoration or creation.

1
i
Division of Water Quality - Environmental Sciences Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh,.NC 27626-0535 - Telephone [phone] - FAX [phone]
I . .t
I believe that the Town has four mitigation options: 1) purchase credits from a private
mitigation bank, 2) donate land that is consistent with the basinwide management plan , 3)
perform your own mitigation or, 4) purchase credits from the State's Wetland Restoration
Program. The DWQ is not aware of a private mitigation bank in the Lumber River basin.
Therefore, that option would not be available. Land donation may be possible but the Lumber
River basinwide report has not identified areas where restoration should occur. We would
suggest that you focus on streams that are "not supporting" or "partially supporting" their uses
to locate restoration sites. The Town could purchase a prior-converted wetland, and develop
its own mitigation plan. This mitigation plan would have to have provisions for a reference
site, groundwater monitoring wells, a soils map, a water budget, listing of tree species to be
planted, and a water and vegetation agreement to be sampled for 5 years (see attached
guidance). As discussed on-site, we would prefer that continuous groundwater wells be
installed but we would agree to allow for daily water level sampling by hand for the first 30
and last 30 days of the growing season. The wetland acreage which would be required is
described above. The last mitigation option would be to pay into the State's Wetland
Restoration program. A rough estimate for your project is that approximately one-third of the
impacts occur to riparian wetlands and the remainder are in non-riparian wetlands. The State's
program has set riparian restoration at $24,000 per acre and $12,000 per acre for non-riparian
restoration. Assuming that the COE requires mitigation, you would be required to buy 2.5
acres of riparian ($60,000) and 5.0 acres of non-riparian ($60,000). The total minimum cost
would be $120,000 for 1:1 restoration of the lost wetlands. These calculations assume that the
COE will require some mitigation. If they do not, then these costs can approximately be
doubled. Please be aware that the Wetland Restoration Program may choose a site that will
have the most benefits for water quality (not necessarily near Lake Waccamaw).
Please copy DWQ with any correspondence the Town may sent to the COE so that we can
be aware of any changes to this project so that we can respond quickly. As stated in my letter
of 12 February 1997, this project will remain on hold until the Town selects a mitigation
option. Should you have any questions, please contact Mr. Eric Galamb or me at (919) 733-
1786.
Y,
cc: Wilmington DWQ Regional Office
Wilmington Office Corps of Engineers
John Parker, DCM
Central Files
Mr. Greg Walker
Ron Ferrell; Wetland Restoration Program
hn R. orney
'ater Quality C cation Program

q/,e ih Y?u? "?rJ new

® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission

512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
F?
MEMORANDUM
TO: Michael S.Taylor ?1ylq1 ??99J
Dcpaiiinu-ni, ui `iC Army Corps of Engineers sC1F V
?oeo
FROM: Bennett Wynne 5(.?
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: June 4, 1997
SUBJECT: June 2, 1997 letter from you to Greg Walker re: revised wetland
impact area for proposed Lake Waccamaw drainage diversion,
Columbus County, North Carolina. Action ID No. 199101176
It is our understanding the reduction in estimated wetland impacts to 2.5 acres is
based on the difference between the proposed excavation and the original ditch
dimensions. The earlier 7.6 acre impact estimate was based on the difference between the
proposed excavation and current (partially-filled) ditch dimensions. We do not contest the
revised wetland impact estimate, but we do continue to recommend full mitigation for
those wetlands lost to the project. We recommend wetland mitigation ratios of 10:1 for
preservation, 3:1 for creation, and 2:1 for restoration.
Thank you for the opportunity to further comment. If you have questions or need
ad,'itional assistance, p':ease call me at [phone].
cc: s:\boatfish\habcon\coast\d4 (wac4043.doc)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO
June 2, 1997
Regulatory Branch
Action ID 199701176
?fl N
Mr. Greg Walker, Director
Cape Fear Resource Conservation
and Development, Inc.
First Union Building
Suite 615
201 North Front Street
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
Dear Mr. Walker:
991
dry
Reference your letter dated May 13, 1997, concerning the proposal to
excavate and discharge fill material into 7.6 acres of wetlands to construct a
sediment basin and deepen and widen 6,200 feet of drainage ditches to divert a
portion of the storm water runoff from the Maple Avenue ditch to NC 214 at
Lake Waccamaw, Columbus County, North Carolina.
It appears that the data showing a reduction in impacts from 7.6 acres
to 2.5 acres of wetland impacts is acceptable. The basis for this reduction
is the consideration of the original as-built depths of the ditch versus the
proposed depths. Since maintenance to original ditch depth does not require a
Department of the Army permit, this method of calculating the impacts is
valid. The new impact figure (2.5 acres) will be used in determining
appropriate mitigation.
Attached is a letter from the (NC) Division of Water Quality (DWQ)
expressing their concerns for the project. You should address the issues they
have raised and respond in writing at your convenience.
By copy of this letter I am requesting comments on the revised data from
NCDWQ and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. They received
copies of this information at an earlier date.
If you have questions please call me at telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
Michael S. Taylor
Project Manager
Enclosure

-2-
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Town of Waccamaw
Post Office Box 145
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina 28450
Mr. Eric Galamb
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Mr. Bennett Wynne, Regional Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission
901 Laroque Avenue
Kinston, North Carolina 28501
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PEF 'T REQUEST ACREAGE FOR TH'
DEPT. OF THE ARMY SECTION 404 PERMI T
LAKE WACCAMAW DRAINAGE DIVERSION PLAN
COLUMBUS COUNTY, LAKE WACCAMAW, N.C.
COMPARISON OF ORIGINAL AND DESIGN CHANNEL DEPTHS
FOR DESIGNATED AREAS CONTAINING REGULATED WETLANDS

REACH
STATION AVG. BANK
ELEV. ORIGINAL
BOTTOM ELEV. DESIGN
BOTTOM ELEV. ORIGINAL
DEPTH FT DESIGN
DEPTH FT DEPTH
INCREASE(FT)
1 13+00 45.0 43.8 41.3 1.2 3.7 2.5
FROM END OF BED. BASIN 14+00 45.5 44.0 41.3 1.5 4.2 2.7
TO N.C. 214 CULVERT 14+80 45.5 44.1 41.4 1.4 4.1 2.7
15+00 45.5 44.0 43.9 1.5 1.6 0.1
16+40 46.5 44.0 43.9 2.5 2.6 0.1
16+50 46.5 44.0 43.9 2.5 2.6 0.1
16+98 47.1 44.2 43.9 2.9 3.2 0.3
19+02 48.4 45.6 44.4 2.8 4.0 1.2
19+54 48.7 45.3 44.5 3.4 4.2 0.8
21+22 49.7 47.2 44.9 2.5 4.8 2.3
21+34 50.6 46.5 44.9 4.1 5.7 1.6
2 24+54 50.8 48.2 45.9 2.6 4.9 2.3
FROM BARN TO 25+52 50.8 48.1 45.9 2.7 4.9 2.2
ACCAMAW VILLAGE APT 30+56 53.0 49.9 47.9 3.1 5.1 2.0
34+56 55.0 50.5 49.5 4.5 5.5 1.0
36+50 55.5 51.3 50.3 4.2 5.2 1.0
37+59 56.7 52.2 50.4 4.5 6.3 1.8
37+88 56.2 54.2 50.4 2.0 5.8 3.8
38+83 56.1 52.0 50.5 4.1 5.6 1.5
43+97 56.0 52.2 51.0 3.8 5.0 1.2
48+03 56.5 52.8 51.4 3.7 5.1 1.4
2. ESTIMATE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY (Ke) FOR EACH REACH FROM SOIL BORINGS
TAKEN BY VINCENT LEWIS, SOIL SCIENTIST FOR THE DIVISION, ON 12/02/96.
SOILS ARE IN THE PENDER-GRIFTON-MEGGETT MAP UNIT WITH MEGGETT BEING
THE PREDOMINANT SOIL SERIES.
Ke= EKt*Tt
ETt
Kt= HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF EACH OF EACH LAYER
Tt=THICKNESS OF EACH LAYER
UNIFIED HYDRAULIC
REACH 1: LAYER CLASS. CONDUCT.(IN/HR)
0'-2' SM 4.0
2'-6' CL 0.1
' 6'-8' SC-CL 0.15
UNIFIED HYDRAULIC
REACH 2: LAYER CLASS. CONDUCT.(IN/HR)
0'-2' SM 4.0
2'-4' SC 0.2
4'-6' CL 0.1
' 6'-8' SC-SM 0.4
IMPERMEABLE LAYER NOT REACHED, LAYER OF MARL ESTIMATED AT 10' DEPTH BY SOIL SCIENTIST.
CLASSIFICATION FOR THE LAST LAYER ASSUMED TO BE CONSISTENT TO THE DEPTH OF THE BARRIER.
Ke(1)= 0.90 IN/HR = 21.6 IN/DAY
Ke(2) = 1.02 IN/HR = 24.5 IN/DAY
l ?
3. DRAINABLE POROSITY= v. 12 FT/FT
4. DEPTH TO BARRIER= 10 FT
5. GROWING SEASON= 240 DAYS
(MARCH 16 -NOV. 12)
6. 5% GROWING SEASON= 12 DAYS
7. v = DRAINABLE POROSITY • DEPTH OF DRAWDOWN AT MIDPOINT
v = 0.12 FT/FT' 12 IN = 1.44 IN
8. q = DRAINAGE RATE = v/t
q = 1.44 IN /12 DAYS = 0.12 IN/DAY
9. ELLIPSE EQUATION
S = (((4Ke)' (m^2+2am))/q)^0.5
S = PARALLEL DRAIN SPACING OR WIDTH OF WETLAND HYDROLOGY AFFECTED
ON BOTH SIDES OF A SINGLE DRAIN, FT
m = VERTICAL DISTANCE; AFTER DRAWDOWN, OF WATER TABLE ABOVE DRAIN
AT THE EDGE OF THE WETLAND HYDROLOGY AFFECTED, FT
a = DEPTH OF BARRIER, IMPERMEABLE LAYER, BELOW DRAIN, FT
10. WIDTH OF WETLAND HYDROLOGY AFFECTED BY ORIGINAL DRAINAGE
(ASSUME 0.20' OF WATER IN CHANNEL)

REACH
STATION
a FT
m FT
S FT EST. WIDTH
FFECTED FT
1 13+00 9.0 0.0 0 0
14+00 8.7 0.3 62 62
14+80 8.8 0.2 51 51
15+00 8.7 0.3 62 62
16+40 7.7 1.3 125 125
16+50 7.7 1.3 125 63 (c)
16+98 7.3 1.7 141 71 (c)
19+02 7.4 1.6 137 69 (c)
19+54 6.8 2.2 158 79 (c)
21+22 7.7 1.3 125 63 (c)
21+34 6.1 2.9 178 89 c
2 24+54 7.6 1.4 138 138
25+52 7.5 1.5 142 142
30+56 7.1 1.9 158 158
34+56 5.7 3.3 199 199
36+50 6.0 3.0 192 192
37+59 5.7 3.3 199 199
37+88 8.2 0.8 106 106
38+83 6.1 2.9 189 189
43+97 6.4 2.6 181 181
48+03 6.5 2.5 178 178
(c) CHANNEL PARALLELS N.C. 214, THE HYDROLOGY OF THE RIGHT SIDE WAS ALTERED BY THE
ROAD FILL. THE DISTANCE WAS HALVED TO SHOW THE WIDTH AFFECTED ON THE LEFT SIDE
11. WIDTH OF WETLAND HYDR' GY AFFECTED BY PROPOSED DRAINAGE
(ASSUME 0.20' Or WATER IN CHANNEL)

REACH
STATION
a FT
m FT
S FT EST. WIDTH
FFECTED FT
1 13+00 (a) 9.0 0.0 0 30 (b)
14+00 (a) 8.5 0.5 79 79
14+80 (a) 8.6 0.4 71 71
15+00 8.6 0.4 71 71
16+40 7.6 1.4 129 129
16+50 7.6 1.4 129 65 (c)
16+98 7.0 2.0 152 76 (c)
19+02 6.2 2.8 175 88 (c)
19+54 6.0 3.0 180 90 (c)
21+22 5.4 3.6 193 97 (c)
21+34 4.5 4.5 209 105 c
2 24+54 5.3 3.7 208 208
25+52 5.3 3.7 208 208
30+56 5.1 3.9 212 212
34+56 4.7 4.3 219 219
36+50 5.0 4.0 214 214
37+59 3.9 5.1 232 232
37+88 4.4 4.6 224 224
38+83 4.6 4.4 221 221
43+97 5.2 3.8 210 210
48+03 5.1 3.9 212 212
(a) ASSUME 2.5' DEEP SEDIMENT BASIN FULL OF WATER WITH AN ADDITIONAL 0.2' OF BASE FLOW
(b) ESTIMATED WIDTH OF SPOIL, ALTHOUGH HYDROLOGY IS NOT ALTERED AT THIS SECTION,
WIDTH OF SPOIL WILL ADD TO THE NET LOSS OF WETLAND HABITAT
(c) CHANNEL PARALLELS N.C. 214, THE HYDROLOGY OF THE RIGHT SIDE WAS ALTERED BY THE
ROAD FILL. THE DISTANCE WAS HALVED TO SHOW THE WIDTH AFFECTED ON THE LEFT SIDE
12. AREA OF WETLAND HYDROLOGY AFFECTED BY ORIGINAL DRAINAGE
REACH STATION WIDTH FT AVG. WIDTH FT LENGTH FT AREA SQ FT
1 13+00 0
31 100 3,092
14+00 62
56 80 4,498
14+80 51
56 20 1,125
15+00 62
93 140 13,080
16+40 125
94 10 938
16+50 63
67 48 3,195
16+98 71
70 204 14,214
19+02 69
74 52 3,843
19+54 79
71 168 11,895
21+22 63
76 12 908
21+34 89
TOTAL = 56,788
ACRES = 1.3
REACH STATION WIDTH FT AVG. WIDTH FT LENGTH FT AREA SO FT
2 24+54 138
140 98 13,711
25+52 142
150 504 75,626
30+56 158
178 400 71,390
34+56 199
195 194 37,886
36+50 192
195 109 21,287
37+59 199
152 29 4,421
37+88 106
147 95 14,012
38+83 189
185 514 95,035
43+97 181
179 406 72,791
48+03 178
TOTAL = 406,160
ACRES = 9.3
TOTAL AREA AFFECTED BY ORIGINAL DRAINAGE = 1.3 AC + 9.3 AC = 10.0 AC.
13. AREA OF WETLAND HYDROLOGY AFFECTED BY PROPOSED DRAINAGE
REACH STATION WIDTH(FT) AVG. WIDTH(FT) LENGTH FT AREA SQ FT
1 13+00 30
55 100 5,450
14+00 79
75 80 6,000
14+80 71
71 20 1,420
15+00 71
100 140 14,000
16+40 129
97 10 970
16+50 65
71 48 3,384
16+98 76
82 204 16,728
19+02 88
89 52 4,628
19+54 90
94 168 15,708
21+22 97
101 12 1,212
21+34 105
TOTAL = 69,500
ACRES = 1.6
REACH STATION WIDTH(FT) AVG. WIDTH(FT) LENGTH(FT) AREA SQ FT
2 24+54 208
208 98 20384
25+52 208
210 504 105840
30+56 212
216 400 86200
34+56 219
217 194 42001
36+50 214
223 109 24307
37+59 232
228 29 6612
37+88 224
223 95 21138
38+83 221
216 514 110767
43+97 210
211 406 85666
48+03 212
TOTAL = 502915
ACRES = 11.5
TOTAL AREA AFFECTED BY PROPOSED DRAINAGE = 1.8 AC. + 11.5 AC. = 13.1 AC
14. PERMIT REQUEST ACREAGE =13.1 AC -10.6 AC. = 2.5 AC
SENT BY:Wilmington District 3-12-97 ; 9:03 USACE-Reg, Branch-? 919 733 9959# 1
FAC51f.11LE TAArj3r-.31T'AL H2=L:R SH211T
Ftx w d if a Ipm, fa tai U-11; thi FCpX=M E",.-A? 0 C=4U
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NAME/ OFRCC TIELITHO IE FAX NO.
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RECEIVED
APR 2 4 1991,
?L"l / vGr?r ? ? ? ?' c? G ? ?
ENVIRONMEt TAI SGI-NyE?

f'1 t r- Ccrt?

MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
John Parker
Division on Coastal Management
Bennett Wynne
Habitat Conservation Program
March 10, 1997
"404" project review for the Town of Waccamaw, Lake Waccamaw,
Columbus County, North Carolina. Action No. 199701176
The Wildlife Resources Commission has completed a review of the project and
associated impacts on wildlife and fisheries resources. A site visit was made on February
10, 1997. Our comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.), Section 401
of the Clean Water Act (as amended) , and North Carolina Environmental Policy Act
(G. S. 113A-1 et seq., as amended; 1 NCAC-25).
The applicant is seeking a Department of the Army permit to excavate and fill 7.6
acres of wetlands. The project would involve excavation of a sediment basin and
widening and deepening 6,200 linear feet of drainage ditches. The purpose of the project
is to divert stormwater from the town away from Lake Waccamaw and into Green
Swamp, thus improving water quality along the north shore of the lake. Turbidity and
coliform counts from this area are reported to exceed state standards with as little as 1" of
rainfall. Much of the "Area To Be Diverted" appears to be a large wetland north of town.
We noted various signs of wildlife activity and good habitat in this area. We question
whether potential wetland loss to drainage caused by enlarging ditches was included in the
7.6 acre wetland impact figure. We also fail to understand why the sediment basin is to be
located in wetlands instead of on highground immediately upgradient of the proposed site.
Based on these concerns, we recommend that alternative means be explored to address the
water quality problem in northern Lake Waccamaw. For example, if septic tank failures
are involved, installation of a sewage treatment plant or expansion of current treatment

Waccamaw 404 PN 2 March 10, 1997
plant capacity should be investigated. As a minimum, the sediment basin should be
relocated to highground and all remaining wetland impacts should be fully mitigated. We
recommend wetland mitigation ratios of 10:1 for preservation, 3:1 for creation, and 2:1
for restoration.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on this application. If you have
questions regarding our comments or need additional assistance, please call me at (919)
522-9736 or Albert Little at [phone].
s:\boatfish\habcon\coast\d4 (wac4042.doc)
D
CAPE FEAR RESOURCE CONSERVATION
and
DEVELOPMENT, INC.
Brunswick © Columbus o New Hanover o Pender
First Union Building 0 201 N. Front Street, Suite 615 O Wilmington, N.C. 28401
Telephone [phone] o Fax [phone]
RECENED
July 22, 1997 1
A '11991,
Mr. Eric Galamb Etrv?ao??M?NtA^?ciL;.hcEs
Division of Water Quality
Environmental Science Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Dear Mr. Galamb,
Please find a copy of the television inspection records of the sanitary sewer
system at lake Waccamaw as requested. Town Manager, Jon Barlow, assures
me that there are no gutters out-letting into the sewer system. If there is other
information that you need, please call me or Jon Barlow (910-646-3700), or if
necessary, call Mr. Tyndall Lewis of McDavid & Associates of Goldsboro at
[phone]. 1 will visit with Mr. Steve West in the Wilmington Regional office
about any other concerns that he may have at Lake Waccamaw.
I appreciate your assistance with this project.
Sincerely,
Greg alker
Director
GW/pj
Cc: w/o attachments to: Jon Barlow, Town of Lake Waccamaw
Mike Taylor, USCOE
Roy Lowe, Cape Fear RC&D
A non-profit organization.
0/&WZO wON THE SHORES OF NORTH CAROLINA'S LARGEST NATURAL LAKE
P.O. Box 145
Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina 28450
[phone]
[phone] Fax
&I'r- & 1,
?ACGP
Member N.C. League of Municipalities
?1GI0SP U IJ OI GoPV b- III-e 3/5 (?7LehVT I?PP, cl,
Cop -? }t?_ {ClC +??SIU? ?,SpPC rec,o,f{S
IWC (/-,Sr?C cfiJ? ?e c V f ?S Slta? ??l q?}J cf SLp - ),x
ht l3 S d C' IM"1)4. Ifv? U d D L{ f 5, S,
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ATTACHMENT A
TELEVISION INSPECTION RECORDS
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OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
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L' IAMETE
Lake Waccamaw 1961 CN1 - SS Renovations 940530
41 V OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 44*?e4e,54n,gw OPERATOR .,7,'?n6z-r&x -LIN[ SECTION RUN 333.0 _
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940530
Lr?:JV D OF NORTH CAROLINA. INC.
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PIPE INSPECTION LOG
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Luke I'laccamaw 1994 CHI - SS RcllQVatlclllS
940530
0 m
OF NORTH CAROLINA. INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

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PROJECT 73ay /.Scaaed -INSPECTOR- DATE
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DEFLECTION TEST DATA
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Lral:e Viaccamaw 1fi4 Ci11 - SS Renovations 940530
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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

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940530
,am c Lf c OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT . 1-444V4z ,,l vt/ 0PERATOn T%n aq-T&7z.).INE SEC'rION RUN _4 70 4 _
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Lake Vlaccama y I?Y4 CNl - SS Renovations
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1 }IP?ISa;VAv-jyh Cell - SS Renovations 940530

M0
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
LOCATION-w /?/?6 6 l FU i3)
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VIDEO DATA
TAPING YES C9' NO ?
TAPE a--1-COUNTER
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
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VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
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LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
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BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT.Gc.(?Elypcu,rmn<? OPERATOR Z _ I.It•1E SECTION RUN n-8 _
PROJECT T?•??'n- INSPECTOR- DATE
d
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
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YES ?
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CENTER OF M.H.'S
§VQT(ZN LENGTH LF 332
Lf (c IXdbigTKRw-1-994 CN1 - SS Renovations
990530
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT,,(??l- c.omw.? OPERATOR.7,/--6F73 __I.INE SECTION RUN o?,y'//_
PROJECT 72-1-5-2ye2t INSPECTOR DATE
LOCATION/?1? 7x6 ?A¢c? /3)
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TAPE # -L-COUNTER
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . ? GOOD E;- YES CL
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VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
TC Q-?
LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECAST Cg-' GOOD 14-
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING S% PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 71I2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. #
0--- M.H. #
--

M.H. 0
M.H.
DEPTH_ DEPTH_

CAMERA TRAVEL FLOW DIRECTION
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY BE USED
YES ?
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO ?
CENTER OF M.H.'S
N LENGTH LF 333
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Luke 1,lacc=4j Ctll - SS Renovations
940530

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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
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PROJECT 72-W -5c r INSPECTOR DATE
LOCATION m /--ze -- 3y/3z_
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TAPE # -1 COUNTER
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VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES O 7 1/2 14 PASS O
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PIPE INSPECTION LOG
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL ? FT.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ?
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La :!f?&,M ,T&-j"JN CN1 - SS Renovations 940530
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OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
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PROJECT 7-0-4d-5-we7z- INSPECTOR- _ DATE
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TAPE M 2-COUNTER
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7112% PASS O
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CENTER OF M.H.'S
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V0 O
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
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LOCATION_ ,rAy.e -, J_'J
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
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VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
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TYPE COND.
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LINER ? POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
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MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO -?
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SECTION LENGTH LF 338
LIVAWDIAMETER_IN 940530
Lake Waccamaw 1994 CN1 - SS Renovations
0
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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT ?'?W??-9?7A4? OPERATOn,--,, ".?rL._I.lr-JE SECTION RUN (Z,2/,-5_
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TAPE H --k COUNTER
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
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REMARKS 72dk
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Lake aIAMETwR-7? JNCN1 - SS P.enovations'

940530
O
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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENTS u/Ae44m4w OPERATOR_:e c7_i?? Ge %c ?L I.It•1E SECTION RUN a97,E _
PROJECT ?4v.?aic?Tt INSPECTOR- DATE
LOCATIONS F-. ? s-ew _
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7I/2% PASS O
NO ? FAIL O FT.
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YES O
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •O
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SECTION LENGTH LF 340
LIVPPE5 DIAMETER- IN -
Lake Cdaccamaw 1994 C111 - SS P.enovations 940530
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=`-OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 1-4KF 41-<4Am.4-/ OPERATOII71;.Gq2w-.-I.INC SECTION RUN 194,1
PROJECT 7`d?N SJG INSPECTOR - DATE
LOCATION 8?'0'?9
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VIDEO DATA
TAPING YES Lam}' NO O
TAPE d -2-COUNTER
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . O GOOD (- YES 0-
RCP ? FAIR ? NO ?
VC ? POOR ?
DI O
TC 0-1
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M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
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LINER ? POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
YES O 71/2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. a
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La]:2 aaccamaEv?PjU9 NCN1 - SS Renovations'

940530
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Llr OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 1-AZ &4;L- 4-a OPERATOR -;,7,-;,, ?Tr?Z_ -I.It1E SECTION RUN 1701
PROJECT INSPECTOR _ DATE
LOCATION -: ? 9'/o /s?
STREET JL.t7z"I?Q.%?
VIDEO DATA
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
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DI ?
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LINER ?
M.H. DATA
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LINER ? • POOR O
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ?
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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
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TAPE MOUNTER
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VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
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LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
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LINER ? POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING $% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
YES ? 7112% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. #
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CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY OE USED
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Lake VaeeamTa Fw 19J4NCtII - SS Renovations 940530
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0 OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
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LINER ?
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
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LC?i
Lake Waccamaw 1J'J4NCt71 - SS Renovations 940530
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V OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

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LOCATION/??0??
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING S% PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
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REMARKS
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940530
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V OF NORTH CAROLINA. INC.
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PIPEINSPECTION LOG
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PROJECT INSPECTOR _ DATE
LOCATIONZ&L/fs¢3 c?+/6)_
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VIDEO DATA
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TAPE b --+5-COUNTER
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
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RCP ? FAIR ? NO ?
VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
TC ®'
LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECAST Q-- GOOD 19'
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7 1/20,o PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. u
0-- M.H. It
--

M.H. o
M.H.
DEPTH_ DEPTH
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Yfild Lake t?Waccama v 19' 4 Ctll - SS Renovatioins 940530
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OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT?Ea4d::? -OPERATOR/7-'- SECTION RUN 396:/_
PROJECT 76-1,y z? INSPECTOR- DATE
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STREET -I
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Lake Waccamaw 1994 CN1 - SS Renovations
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY OE USED
YES ?
NO -O
940530
Inm m
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.

INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT LAlIElc7,g?cnm cl OPERATOR im(zJOL LINE srcTloN RUN 371,
_
PROJECT 7Z-IN.-kZvc7t. INSPECTOR _ DATE
L7 •? ""'
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350
- SS Itcnovations
940530
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OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
' ' J10
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT. W7Cc ";W-1 0PERAT0 Rn7:%n G?TErL _I.ItIE SEC'(ION RUN 36 z-_
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TAPE # -COUNTER
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
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---

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sake accama?
940530
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V OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT..?ictCCGc?iccomhtw OPERATon,7,-,,(5;F7&-.-I.II.lE SECTION RUN _-yo0_
PROJECT -/-ZL^' -5621E L INSPECTOR DATE
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REMARKS

DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING S'/o PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
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Ejf Dft 7?i?n4 CPI1 - SS Renovations
940530
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smg-c OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE.INSPECTION LOG
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PROJECT -n-W "n- INSPECTOn - DATE
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INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
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PROJECT 7A"4 Sc'wc?Z I SPECTOR _ DATE
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M.H. DATA
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
YES 0 7 1/2% PASS O
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&- M.H. n.
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IAPL40AMETER_IN
Lake t9accamaw 1994 CN1 - SS Renovations
940530
130 m
ml-() OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT /-46? C44?cc r7,9 J OPERATOR -okZ/-m GaJE)Z _I.I(dC SECTION RUN
PROJECT 7 ?r? oSa -INSPECTOR DATE
LOCATION1r;l-4keC'`t4t1vd1
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VC ? POOR ?
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LINER ?
h1.H. DATA
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BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING Sep, PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 71I2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL O FT.
M.H. # M.H. N
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-o
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CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY DE USED
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IT, LENGTH LF 35G
I} ?'a?,fcT&&n }Y44 C111 - SS Renovations 940530
m
smou OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 1z/4g-c w,,,w OPERATOR %nC?r7c--7LSECTION RUN _-377 9
PROJECT rb??SEt.az INSPECTOR DATE
LOCATION -k#
STREET dM41'-(:W
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RCP ? FAIR ? NO ?
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DI ?
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LINER ?
M.H. DATA
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BRICK ? FAIR ?
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REMARKS
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M.H. # M.H. It
N
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DEPTH- DEPTH-
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CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY 13E USED
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!LENGTH LF 357
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940530
m
D ? 0 ,o OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
i INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 4', cy,,74u1 OPERATOR AVM6? 674_--LIr•lE SECTION RUN -M
PROJECT ?^/ oSR??L -INSPECTOR- DATE
LOCATION 44, 0,-c- /'7)
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7112% PASS O
NO ? FAIL O Fl'.
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S I jjl LENGTH LF 358
ake ??J JH4 Ctll - SS Renovations

940530
0
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 4<?,4mW d OPERATOR m ?E ._I.It•1C SECTION RUN o7+/.7 _
PROJECT Tocdy ?r"z?EIZ. INSPECTOR- _ DATE
LOCATION,,Z ,' a?? ?odi5 r, yi f
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REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
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CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY BE USED
YES ?
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO -O
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SE TI W LENGTH LF 359
iP` ?I METE
Lake Waccamaw 1A4 CN1 - SS Renovations
940530
m
m"Foo OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT IWL- AX-41"-W OPERATOR '"6M7 -- _I_I1•I[ SECTION RUN 3s,-I(,-
PROJECT^/W INSPECTOR DATE
LOCATION ?r/7J
STREET nEd-h- 4le-W _
VIDEO DATA
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TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . ? GOOD L9' YES LzY
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VC ? POOR ?
T
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LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECAST C" GOOD CY
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. N
0- M.H. It
--

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M.H.
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CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY BE USED
YES ?
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •?
CENTER OF M.H.'S
q€{W4gU LENGTH LF 360
fAT? FcQI?StFeTiTi JU4 Crjj - SS P.enovations
I
940530
m
U OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT CJACC!>rn.QcJ OPERATOR -LINE SECTION RUN
PROJECT 7d-11? c5f?f7& INSPECTOR DATE
LOCATION ??11)
STREET P-- ?.h?E
VIDEO DATA
TAPING YES ff NO ?
TAPE d -COUNTER
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PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . ? GOOD L?- YES B-
RCP ? FAIR ? NO ?
VC ? POOR ?
DI ?
TC 21
LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECAST CF- GOOD 6'
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7112% PASS O
NO ? FAIL O FT.
M.H. rl
&- M.H. It
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M.H. 0
M.H.
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YES ?
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CENTER OF M.H.'S
SS T ?1 LENGTH LF 361
La}:c?( ac?Ta?t l{??4 CN1 - SS Renovations
940530
tf mt/ a
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
i INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 1,4kE AIL} cnmf-l OPERATOR -,,",?'6;rL .-I•IriC Sf_C'fION RUN ?0?,?7•_
PROJECT 7`a?.? ? z. INSPECTOR DATE
LO CATIONm?''?S?d// ??7)
STREET a=.
VIDEO DATA
TAPING ?YES Ua- NO ?
TAPE k /COUNTER
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PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . ? GOOD &- YES G-
RCP ? FAIR O NO O
VC O POOR O
DI ?
TC (11-?
LINER O
M.H. DATA
' TYPE COND.
PRECAST 19' GOOD C3'
BRICK O FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR O
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7I/2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL O FT.
M.H. #
0- M.H. U
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YES O
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •D
CENTER OF M.H.'S
IWJfM LENGTH LF 362
CNI - SS R0110vatio is 940530
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT. 141e:7 a1;W-.4MlgW OPERATOR;r'C&-IZ7_? __I.ItJE SECTION RUN -774
PROJECT TZ--,A/ 3rcwc? INSPECTOR- DATE

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VIDEO DATA Q-
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TAPE # ? 000NTER b/io
TAPE SPEED SP OLP OEP 19- /117,'0 aq %/G o /PEs

PIPE DATA 1v?7A .?di,?Es
TYPE I c+'?b?!°G /?Di.?b Ofi?SvT iPEs
COND. WATER ADD
PVC ? G
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Cg-
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VC ? POO
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DI ?
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LINER O

M.H. DATA
TYPE -
COND. 7
-
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LINER ? ' .
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REMARKS
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DEFLECTION TEST DATA

TESTING 5% PASS O - -
FAIL ? FT
.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT
.
M
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. 11
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DEPTH_.__ DEPTH
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t:ANItHA TRAVEL FLOW DIRECTION
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO
CENTER OF M.H.'S
q,ApyjgU LENGTH LF 363
LP;?glfFCT?it1r-}?1?34 C111 - SS Renovations
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY BE USED
YES ?
NO ?O
990530

m
OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT ?Ji+G rd OPERATOR in 6?--rf7- .-IJNE SECTION RUN
PROJECT 77-ld -5--7?c72 INSPECTOR DATE
I?Ihbl•C`C??/ sill/7_
LOCATION
STREET ?c%cGL
VIDEO DATA
TAPING YES C?rNO ?
TAPE a -%-COUNTER
TAPE SPEED SP ?LP DEP CD--
PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . O GOOD OYES E?-
RCP O FAIR ? NO ?
VC ? POOR O
01 O
TC pa--,
LINER O

DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS ?
FAIL ? FT.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL O Fl'.
M.H.1< M.H. It
0----0
M.H. M.H.
DEPTH_ DEPTH_
CAMERA TRAVEL FLOW DIRECTIO14
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY 13E USED
YES ?
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •?
CENTER OF M.H.'S
SECTION LENGTH LF 364
IMOd UAMETER_ IN
Lake %Vaccamaw 1994 C111 - SS Renovations
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECASTED GOOD B"
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR ?
REMARKS
940530
(D
?I OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT . i?EWA?QirliJcJ OPERATOR 7/ -)Z3L _I,INE SECTION RUN J?L? _
PROJECT 74?W-?567,JV77- INSPECTOR DATE I
LOCATION?????'`?? ?¢?G?i?)
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PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . ? GOOD 9- YES 9-
RCP O FAIR O NO ?
VC O POOR ?
01 O
TC Q'
LINER O
1-71
n ?PF oFr= ET
M.H. DATA
` TYPE COND.
PRECAST ?- GOOD 9-'
BRICK ? FAIR O
LINER C l' POOR O
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING Sep, PASS O -
FAIL ? FT.
YES ? 71I2% PASS ?
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. # M.H. K
M
J
M.H. M.H.
DEPTH. DEPTH_
CAMERA TRAVEL FLOW DIRECTION
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY BE USED
YES ?
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •?
CENTER OF M.H.'S
S I?LENGTH LF 365
e ?Q C qi)4 CN1 - SS Renovations 940530

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OF NORTH CAROLINA. INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

LOCATION _
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STREET
VIDEO DATA
PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT. ?,y, li/ACC.vn?w OPERATOR.%"6c-7a?I.It•!E SECTION RUN
PROJECT 77WV -TclA=w- INSPECTOR - r DATE
TAPING YES C}- NO 0
TAPE a -COUNTER
TAPE SPEED SP?LPOEPE-
PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC ? GOOD 6' YES 0-
RCP ? FAIR ? NO O
VC O POOR ?
DI ?
TC Q'
LINER O
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECAST 04-` GOOD Er
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? , POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 7112•,; PASS Cl
NO ? FAIL O Fl'.
M.H. k
0- M.H.#
---

M.H. o
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CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY GE USED
YES O
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •O
CENTER OF M.H.'S
SE I ? LENGTH LF 3Gg
'??IIIMETER-_
Lake Waccamaw 1664 CN1 - SS renovations
940530

m
1.I OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT1,4A,-A-1Mcr-4nf'J OPERATOR '?%?(5?--7?_I.II.lC SECTION RUN /
PROJECT fb??Na`?i?t7t. INSPECTOR- DATE
LOCATION
STREET Dirol
VIDEO DATA
TAPING ?YES E- NO ?
TAPE # --2L-COUNTER
TAPE SPEED SP ?LP ?EP D,
PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . O GOOD B- YES ®'
RCP ? FAIR ? NO ?
VC ? POOR ?
01 ?
TC Gs l
LINER ?
M.H. DATA
?. TYPE COND.
PRECAST Q' GOOD C"
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR ?
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES .0 7 1/2% PASS O
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. #
0-- M.H. 9
---

M.H. 0
M.H.
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CENTER OF M.H.'S
SECTION LENGTH LF 367
14V19d VIAMETER_IN
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940530
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OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR
4

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT. OPERATO(1, (S 7I-e L_,__ur-!E SECTION RUN
PROJECT ZINSPECTOR DATE,
_
LOCATION !?t'''' 72¢/o P<--9/7)
STREET ?2??r ?-?- _
VIDEO DATA
TAPING YES [9' NO Cl
TAPE #OUNTER
TAPE SPEED SP OLP OEP (K?-
PIPE DATA
TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC . ? GOOD Q' YES 19-
RCP ? FAIR ? NO ?
VC ? POOR ?
01 O
TC C1-11
LINER ?
M.H. DATA
TYPE COND.
PRECAST D- GOOD 2,'
BRICK ? FAIR ?
LINER ? ' POOR O
REMARKS
DEFLECTION TEST DATA
TESTING 5% PASS O
FAIL O FT.
YES ? 71/2% PASS O
NO ? FAIL ? FT.
M.H. # M.H. N
0----0
M.H. M.H.
DEPTH- DEPTH_
CAMERA TRAVEL FLOW DIRECTION
A S/.S _
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY OE USED
YES O
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO -?
CENTER OF M.H.'S
SEC,,zzI,, LENGTH LF 368
1P`P'? METE
Lake Waccamaw 16& C111 - SS Renovations
940530
O
??tju OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING CONTRACTOR

PIPE INSPECTION LOG
CLIENT 44A• OPERATOR-,2Z; '?C-?T __ I.If-JC SECTION RUN
PROJECT 7D../i? 4s- e7t INSPECTOR- DATE
I.V VI111VI14111-11 -O iwrv-- y ? mcrn ?'u

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TAPE # `?OUNTER '
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I
PIPE DATA

TYPE COND. WATER ADD
PVC ?
GOOD C9-- YES El-
RCP O FAIR O NO O
VC O --
POOR O
DI ?
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TC c9_1 - -
LINER ?

M.H. DATA _
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DEFLECTION TEST DATA

TESTING 5% PASS ? - -
FAIL ? FT `
.
YES ? 71/2% PASS ? -
NO ? FAIL O FT `
.
M
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.
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DEPTH
DEPT
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CAMERA TRAVEL FLOW DIRECTION
CONTINUATION LOG SHEETS MAY BE USED
YES ?
MEASUREMENT FROM CENTER TO NO •?
CENTER OF M.H.'S
SAWrd f EcETE ENGT H LF 369
Laake ?1 mRwa11JY94 CN1 - SS Renovations 940530.