19930999 Ver 1_Complete File_19931201

State of North Carolina
/ Department of Environment, XF!?*FAA
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., , Secretary
Jonathan B. Howes, SecreLata
E H N
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
December 3, 1993
Ms. Peggy Lasher, Pres.
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society
P.O. Box 18711
Asheville, N.C. 28814
Dear Ms. Lasher:
Subject: Proposed fill in Wetlands or Waters
Trails and look-out facilities
Bumcombe County
DEM Project # 93999
Upon review of your request for 401 Water Quality Certification
to place fill material in 0.26 acres of wetlands or waters which are
tributary to Beaver Lake for trails and look-out facilities located at
Beaver Lake Santuary in Bumcombe County as described in your submittal
dated 24 November 1993, we have determined that the proposed fill can
be covered by General Water Quality Certification No. 2671.. A copy of
the General Certification is attached. This Certification may be used
in qualifying for coverage under Corps of Engineers' Nationwide Permit
No 26.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you, you have the right
to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30)
days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in
the form of a written petition conforming to Chapter 150B of the North
Carolina General Statutes and filed with the Office of Administrative
Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. Unless such
demands are made, this Certification 'shall be final and binding.
If you have any questions, please contact John Dorney at 919-733-
1786.
Sincerely,
reston Howar Jr. P.E.
93999.1tr
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
Asheville DEM Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Central Files
Edward Hauser
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER & ASSOC.
Environmental Consulting Services
31 Nichols Hill Drive
Asheville, North Carolina 28804
[phone]
Nov. 24, 1993
Mr. John Dorney
N.C. Division of
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626
Dear Mr. Dorney
D
Environmental Management

Enclosed are seven copies of a Wetlands Delineation Report
for the Beaver Lake Sanctuary wetlands project area of the
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society of Asheville. The project
activity consists of building a nature trail and
interpretive look-out facilities in wetlands. The project
qualifies under the Nationwide Permit System as the fill
area (calculated liberally) is less than 0.25 acres. Mr.
Robert Johnson of the Army Corps of Engineers has walked the
project with me; the report is in response to submittal of a
wetlands delineation to the Corps Office.
The FWS and State Historic Preservation Office have been
contacted (See Attached Copies of Memo in the Report).
Any questions regarding the report should be addressed to
me. Thanks for your cooperation in processing the Permit
Application.
Respectfully submitted,
& J #f-44; 6 -
Edward J.P. Hauser, Wetlands Coordinator and Agent
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society
City of Asheville, NC

NOV 2 91993
Page 26
DEM ID: 9'~ qqL?y"??TT D:
NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NA'l AtfN E P T
JOINT FORM FOR
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
WILMINGTON DISTRICT ENGINEER
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NC 28402-1890
ATTN: CESAW-CO-E
Telephone [phone]
WATER QUALITY PLANNING
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
NC DEPARTMENT OF E?T°--;
AND NATURAL RES E 1?r5,5
P.O. BOX 29535
RALEIGH, NC 27626- ?/ A
ATTN: MR. JOHN DO IWJ? 7
Telephone [phone]
WETLANDS GROUT )
ONE (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT T TY C'l'i
ENGINEERS. SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. PLEASE PRINT.
1. OWNERS NAME: ELISHA MITCHELL AUDUBON SOCIETY
2. OWNERS ADDRESS: P.O. BOX 18711
ARHFVTTTF, nTC 2AR14
3. OWNERS PHONE NUMBER (HOME) : 704-645-9182 (WORK) : 704-645-9182
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER: 704-645-9182
AGENT: DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER NOTE:
31 NICHOLS HILL DR. SEND ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO
ASHEVILLE, NC 28804 THE ArFNT1
5. LOCATION OF WORK (MUST ATTACH MAP). COUNTY: BUNCOMBE
NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: CITY OF ASHEVILLE - BEAVER LAKE
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.):
BEAVER LAKE SOUTH SIDE; BEAVERDAM CREEK IS NORTH BCUNDARY:
WEST SIDE OF MERRIMON AVE; ACROSS THE STREET FROM ASHEVILLE
COUNTRY CLUB GOLF COURSE.
6. NAME OF CLOSEST STREAM/RIVER: BEAVERDAM CREEK
7. RIVER BASIN: FRENCH BROAD RIVER WATERSHED
8. IS THIS PROJECT LOCATED IN A WATERSHED CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, SA, HQW, ORW,
WS I, OR WS II? YES [ ] NO [X]
9. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS
PROPERTY? YES [ ) NO [X )
IF YES, EXPLAIN.
10. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WATERS OF THE U.S., INCLUDING
WETLANDS, LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE: 4.00
7/8/92
-2-
11. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WATERS OF THE U.S., INCLUDING WETLANDS, IMPACTED BY
THE PROPOSED PROJECT : 0 . 2 5 7
FILLED:
DRAINED:
FLOODED:
EXCAVATED:
TOTAL IMPACTED : 0 . 2 5 7
12.
DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK (ATTACH PLANS-8 1/2" X 11" DRAWINGS ONLY):
Implementation of nature trail and lookout platforms for
environmental education/nature study purposes. See Exhibit
7 of Wetlands Delineation Report.
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: Nature study enhancements of Beaver
Lake Sanctuary.
14. STATE REASONS WHY THE APPLICANT BELIEVES THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE
CARRIED OUT IN WETLANDS. ALSO, NOTE MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND
IMPACTS. To provide access for wildlife management functions,
and environmental education nature study of wetlands flora
and fauna. Nature trail will be built for handicapped people.
15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) REGARDING THE PRESENCE
OR ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED
SPECIES OR CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE
PROPOSED PROJECT. HAVE YOU DONE SO? YES [X] NO [ J
RESPONSES FROM THE USFWS AND/OR NMFS SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS.
16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA WHICH
MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT?
HAVE YOU DONE SO? YES [XJ NO [ J
RESPONSE FROM THE SHPO SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS.
17. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED BY DEM:
A. WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, AND LAKES ON
THE PROPERTY. SEE EXHIBIT 7 OF WETLANDS DELINEATION REPORT.
B. IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE IMPACTED BY
PROJECT.
SEE APPENDIX III (ECOPHOTOSTATIONS OF WETLANDS REPORT.
C. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA SHEETS
RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
SEE DATA SHEETS AND EXHIBITS IN WETLANDS DELINEATION REPORT.
D. IF A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IS REQUIRED FOR THIS PROJECT, ATTACH
COPY. BEAVER LAKE IS USED FOR
WATER RECREATION; GOLF
E. WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY? COURSE IS ACROSS STREET.
F. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
DNA

OWNER'S SIGNATURE DATE
APPUCATION-FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT ON8APPROVAL Na f 04Wr
Expim 30 Sapfombw JW2
?o?wa.n?aw??o?.don?twonks ee arer.o.s1ow.We?o?..fWw.M*fta*ssKkWkMftw:Ma1or ptiarmodom
a?dulrfo dsla aaxbo.. oafMrlrtp afd arsAwkdito 1f fs daarfaaead. ane oioirfpisftrto sae evtawkq ffr oolredon d hfomwioa Appkadona t« krrpar «mroea aorftgex
Ny.ess,or#me Inaoolopkaq?serWwarewim=0No upb SW hours. Send oo?«aoa?+o ?e?•^a?.«a?rorwaa?.aa wa ?.eeonawo?o?,
w woo + +a?.a,orVWeWM&%0DopornolltdDO uses.wawoont+.a *mmsorow9wecior"br k*mnwion ov.?sanditla . ims i.arson,
owl Mip)fway. Q; 12K AakVIo%.VA UM-dM afrd b t * 0111a a IAartapsrr4-0 and e+j$MPapwmk Redfxii0n ProjW (oy1f1•0Nn Wuwngforr. DG Bowes. Phu*
DOWT MMMyos.oorrrprasaeon.j*~o1#w*aearosasa.oorop edap n rawe a«rwc.alogo Dktft seines harsrrsbvbdW=ewQ*
location at the proposed adMty.

ThsDepernMaa,sArW porMorooramIswA odsadbySoc n10of r, WmsoneHe&=Aaraldoo.SedWaaaa+sassnwawAaarraseedon load s+awrkW.
Protecfiaf. Reaeerdf and Barxl<rartes Ace. These laws require pernft auteea V &cN§n In or aNedng navlQ" wawa of So UMW Sates. ft d4&&W o (dredged «fs
tstrusrfat ktbwaera ath. Urthed BMW. ona.rre.en poraeon admdpd m@wW br ft wrpoa of dm vft ItIn o ooaanwww. kdwamilon prwAded on tft leap vM a wed
b evolusing the appiation br a pernrk. kdormndm intfda appTieadon to made a nester a pubic nt a Ovaiph IsaNarae of a pubic nodes. Disclosures co tie khm adon
raqu med kt volunm , however. tie dad tsqueged are rooaaary N order b mnttrwNalevO to opplicent and b waluar the permit oppiadon. R neasaary Inbnrnik Is
t?otpovioed.>ffapermit apptationcarat a prooeaadnor anapenultba farrud. _
ales tA..Si rtramwlis«ooWnpeoauabaaoplauNc tshoMrr,sbo.donanedoom dfnsproposueacIMWa stbeataft1l0Oesapprcaon(Meaorraa
and krttitxdona) and be wbmdoad to ft Dk YW Englneor w ft PUdk7dw own fN batten a tie Proposed advlry. An appTieadorf S m is not aomrplerd in U will be reamed.
1. APPUCATION NumBER (To be assign" by Corps) L NAME. ADDRESS. AND TITLE OF AUTHORIZED AGENT
DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER
ENV-ARONMENTAL CONSULTANT
31 NICHOLS HILL DR.
#Ap wr i kLdun p'bu: ne h2 8 8 0 4
2 NAME AND ADDRESS OF APPLICANT 704: 1645-9182
ELISHA MITCHELL AUDUBON SOCIETY AAA
AS ABOVE ((Res Resit; A)
BOX 18711
O
P C( )
.
.
A S H E V I LL E, NC 28814 Satem.nt of Auaarizadon: f hateby designs* and suftrize
MS. PEGGY LASHER, PRES. foaain my
TNWvow no. during b nIness han behalf as my agent in to Processing of fhis permit appGa6on and d bxnkk
upon request supplement! Irkm adon in P*pon of the appieadon.

ABC ( 70j- 645-9182
(Residence)
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT
DATE i
Ar-( • ) AS ABOVE (Office)
4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITY
4s. ACTIVITY
FILL 0.257 acre of wetlands
4b. PURPOSE
Construction of nature trail and lookout platforms for use as an
interpretive nature preserve.
„T.
4G DISCHARGE OF DREDGED OR FILL MATERIAL
Fill will consist of gravel, wood chips, and concrete for footers to be used
in the construction of nature trails and lookout platforms.
fear ennaa n02nr Qew 04 EDmONOFJAN91IS08SOLM fPwoo.w?l:CECW
S NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY OWNERS. I ESSEE.9. ENC.. WHOSE PROPERTY ALSO ADJOINS TILE WATERWAY
SAGEBRUSH STEAKHOUSE: 1030 MERRIMON AVE.: [phone]: ASHEVILLE,NC 28804
COUNTRY CLUB OF ASHEVILLE, INC.: MERRIMON AVE. GOLF COURSE: [phone]
L P.O. BOX 8725; ASHEVILLE, NC 28814 - Mr. Mark Acerni,.General Manager
LAKE VIEW PARK COMMISSION, INC: P.O. BOX 8332, ASHEVILLE, NC 28814
• MR. BOB FABREY,SR.: COMMISSIONER OF BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS - BEAVER LAKE
a. WATEPSODY AND LOCATION ON WATERSODY WI4ENE ACTIVITY EXWS OR IS PROPOSED
WETLANDS AFFILIATED WITH BEAVER LAKE AND BEAVERDAM CREEK

7. LOCATION ON LANG INHERE ACTIVITY EXISTS OR IS PROPOSED
ADDRESS: Merrimon Ave.; south of Beaver Lake and Beaverdam Creek
STREET. ROAD. ROUTE OR OTHER DESCRIPTIVE LOCATION
BUNCOMBE NORTH CAROLINA 28804
COUNTY STATE ZIP CODE
CITY OF ASHEVILLE, NC
LOCAL GOVERNING aom wffm Asa, chok ovewm
a Is any potion of " activity for which suftwitation is smMM now complete? o YES a O
V answer IS "Vaal OM reason& montA and yaw the a* Ay was compbtad. bxbote the w6ting work on the drawings.
9. List sa appravab or arblicadam and demob received ham other federal. interstate. ,tats or bcal agencies tar say stn bmW aonSVwAiM diachwges of other
- activities de=*ed in this app6catior,
ISSUING AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL IDENIMCATION NQ
DATE OF APPLICATION DATE OF APPROVAL DATE OF DENIAL
t0. Iippiicatlon is hw*W made for a pumit or parnllb d vidw tts do act AN dncdW hors m 1 cwWy than t am lamikw with da kdormation contained in the
application, and that to ow best d nV Mnowbefpa and bNd such Mlomadon is true, oompbta and aeanw 1 hrthar cw*y that 1 poaeas the authority to
urldartaMa the propoad acdoidw or 1 are acting m ma duly w0w4ed am* of the appmm*
SKIN MM OF AppUr?M OATS SIGNATURE OF AGE? OATS
. fie'appNoatfon must be aigrlsd DIr on person wbo do*" b iXdert" she proposed SCM* (appli w* or X msy'be signed &I a d*
audiorirsd agent d fM staftib t b U003 boa bawl Ailed out a w swo"
t8 U:S.C: Section';100i pivnidw rat WhWW. M ary WAMW wiMlb Mta jtrbdf:tion d any depn i'tl m or sWwy d r* UrMed Statee
or kaudWer><
wlbw i+oM +N Asa. ca?saMr6raouersup toy wN tM sch" or dM** a altlerW tatct or man w baba ftw"
stataatenb ar reprwtatiora a ntakas a uses sty faba writln0 or doetnarlt ttttowrp Wow'. - * ary W* O?tifious or
trick mt tdatsrrlertt or arMry. shall ba titled cot aloe Man it0.o00 a htprborad cot more Mean five years a DoMfr
.•?? 1, ..

of era a 00 w Iiaa) U& Gwwnmmle Plmw* 0mw I"i - 5t;2m
DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER & ASSOC.
Environmental Consulting Services
31 Nichols Hill Drive
Asheville, North Carolina 28804
[phone]
MEMO
DATE: NOVEMBER 23, 1993: (Phone Conversation with Ms. Janis
Nichols)
TO: ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
ASHEVILLE OFFICE
FROM: DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER, AGENT AND WETLANDS
CONSULTANT/COORDINATOR FOR THE ELISHA MITCHELL AUDUBON
SOCIETY
RE: NOTIFICATION/APPLICATION PROCEDURE (SECTION C OF
INFORMATION SHEET
On November 23, the Wetlands Consultant for the Beaver Lake
Sanctuary Wetlands Delineation Report contacted the
following agency as per the above cited guidelines:
Ms. Janis Nichols, Biologist
Fish & Wildlife Service
Asheville Regional Office
Asheville, NC 28814
[phone]
Ms. Nichols indicated that she was familiar with the Beaver
Lake Sanctuary site and that no Natural Heritage Elements,
such as endangered or threatened species, occur in the
project area. She indicated there was no need to conduct an
inventory evaluation and that any questions raised by the
Army Corps of Engineers could be sent to her office.
DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER & ASSOC.
Environmental Consulting Services
31 Nichols Hill Drive
Asheville, North Carolina 28804
[phone]
MEMO
DATE: NOVEMBER 23, 1993
TO: Ms. Renee Gledhill-Earley
State Historic Preservation Office
NC Division of Archives and History
109 East Jones St.
Raleigh, NC 27601
[phone]
FROM: DR. EDWARD J.P. HAUSER, AGENT AND WETLANDS
CONSULTANT/COORDINATOR FOR THE ELISHA MITCHELL AUDUBON
SOCIETY
RE: NOTIFICATION/APPLICATION PROCEDURE (SECTION C OF
INFORMATION SHEET for Sections 404 & 401 of Federal
Clean Water Act Administered by the Army Corps of
Engineers (COE)
As per our phone converstaion of November 23, 1993, the
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society (EMAS) of Asheville, NC is
proposing to establish a nature trail-lookout platform
system to be used for nature study and environmental
education purposes in its Beaver Lake Sanctuary. As the
Wetlands Consultant for the Beaver Lake Sanctuary Wetlands
Delineation Report and Wetlands Coordinator for EMAS, I am
notifying your agency of this proposed activity in wetalnds
as per the above cited guidelines.
Please send a copy of your review regarding possible or lack
of historical elements for the site to me and to the COE.
Enclosed are maps so that the area can be accurately
identified for your review.
If you have any questions regarding this process, please
contact me immediately.
Respectfully submitted,
WETLANDS DELINEATION REPORT
(Field Studies Conducted April 30, 1992 - October 1, 1993)
PROJECT NAME: Beaver Lake Wetlands Sanctuary
PROJECT LOCATION: Beaver Lake
West Side of Merrimon Avenue
(Between Fairway Rd. and Dover St.
Intersections)
North Asheville (Colonial Heights
Section)
Buncombe County, North Carolina
APPLICANT: Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society
P.O. Box 18711
Asheville, NC 28814-0711
Peggy Lasher, President
[phone]
Dr. Edward J.P. Hauser, Wetlands
Coordinator and Agent
[phone]
REPORT PREPARED BY: Dr. Edward J.P. Hauser
Environmental Consultant
31 Nichols Drive
Asheville, NC 28804-9712
[phone]
1-800-622-5702 (From AC 704)
November 30, 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
1.00 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.01 - Overview 2
1.02 - Location 2
1.03 - Beaver Lake Sanctuary 3
1.04 - Use of 1987 Federal Manual 3
1.05 - Ornithology 4
2.00 SITE DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.01 - Geology & Topography 9
2.02 - Hydrology 9
2.03 - Soils 10
2.04 - Vegetation 11
3.00 AGENCY RESOURCE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.01 - Map Resurces 12
3.02 - Literature References 12
4.00 SECTION 404 WETLANDS PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . 13
4.011 - Hydrophytic Vegetation 13
4.012 - Hydric Soils 14
4.013 - Wetlands Hydrology 15
5.00 WETLAND TAXONOMY APPLICABLE TO PROJECT AREAS . . . 16
5.01 - Palustrine System 16
6.00 DELENEATED WETLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.00 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.00 DISTURBED SITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.00 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.01 Overview: Elisha Mitchell Audubon Societ
The Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society (EMAS), Inc. is a non-
profit corporation organized and existing under the laws of
the State of North Carolina. It is an affiliated chapter of
the National Audubon Society (NAS). EMAS was founded in
1987. Its purpose as an ecologically-environmentally
conscientious organization devoted to educational,
scientific, historical, and charitable pursuits are set
forth in its North Carolina Certificate of Incorporation and
the Purposes and Objectives of the National Audubon Society,
Inc.
The EMAS chapter name is based on the NAS requirement that
each affiliate support an ongoing project activity. EMAS
supports and maintains a cooperative program with the North
Carolina Dept. of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Parks and Recreation regarding ecological-
scientific-environmental education at Mount Mitchell State
Park, established in 1915 as North Carolina's first public
recreational area. Dr. Elisha Mitchell, for whom Mount
Mitchell was named, was an early 19th century naturalist,
geologist, and minister who studied the Carolina mountains
from 1828-1844 and is credited with determining that Mount
Mitchell Peak was the highest in the continental U.S., east
of the Mississippi River. The chapter name is in
recognition of his pioneering geologic efforts to describe
the Mount Mitchell area.
1.02 Location (See Exhibit 1 - Site Location Map)
The project area is located on the south side of Beaver Lake
County Club of Asheville and its adjoining tributary,
Beaverdam Creek. It is located on the west side of Merrimon
Avenue, nearly opposite the Asheville Country Club golf
course, and adjacent and north of the existing strip mall.
The sanctuary is within the political unit of the City of
Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina and the EMAS is
accountable to all zoning and erosion control regulations of
that city. The Beaver Lake vicinity is in the French Broad
River Watershed administered by the Wilmington, North
Carolina, District Office of the Army Corps of Engineers
(COE) and its regional office in Asheville.
Page 2
1.03 Beaver Lake Wetlands Sanctuary
The first major preservation project of EMAS was the Beaver
Lake Wetlands Sanctuary. This c.a., 8 acre project area was
threatened by a proposed shopping mall that would have
extended development from the existing strip mall, located
adjacent and south of the project area, to the Beaver Creek
stream corridor. In response to this threat, EMAS received
a Deed of Conservation Easement (See Exhibit 2) in
perpetuity from the Lake View Park Commission, Inc. for 4
acres of the Beaver Lake Shoreline and raised $400,000 to
purchase a 3.86 acre tract of land, representing frontage on
Merrimon Avenue, effectively eliminating any proposed
commercial development around the wetlands now established
as the "Sanctuary" (See Exhibit 3).
EMAS intends to use the Beaver Lake Sanctuary for wildlife
and wetlands enhancement, environmental education, and
nature study, particularly ornithology purposes. It is used
by schools (K-12, colleges - UNCA, and local groups. The
ENAS offers monthly programs at the sanctuary.
Currently, EMAS has developed a site improvement plan to use
the Beaver Lake Sanctuary as an outdoor education nature
interpretive facility (See Exhibit 4 - Site Master Plan).
The first phase has been completed and involves the
construction of: 1) driveways, b) parking lot, c) scenic
berms, d) plantings of Acer rubrum and Plantanus
occidentalis as part of scenic berms, and e) an overlook
gazebo. These Phase I improvements have being constructed
along the upland corridor and frontage of Merrimon Avenue.
Phase II improvements include the placement of a boardwalk
and lookout stations in the presumed wetland area south of
Beaver Lake and Beaverdam Creek. The site was walked with
Mr. Robert Johnson, Asheville District COE Field Staff
representative on February 16, 1992 along with Dr. Edward
Hauser, Environmental Consultant, Mr. Scott Parker, the EMAS
Chapter's Beaver Lake Project Coordinator, and Mr. Dennis
Wilson, Architect for the Beaver Lake Sanctuary Project.
Mr. Johnson indicated he wished to have a wetlands
delineation study completed and an appropriate Wetlands
Delineation Report submitted to his office in order to
determine the extent of nonjurisdiction or jurisdiction over
any wetlands requiring a permit.
Being an environmentally conscientious organization, the
EMAS Executive Committee unanimously endorsed the conduction
of a wetlands delineation study and writing of this report.
Page 3
1.04 Use of 1987 Federal Manual
Effective August 17, 1991, the Corps of Engineers returned
to the use of the 1987 version of the "Federal Wetland
Delineation Manual" developed by the Waterways Experiment
Station after 10 years of research and testing effort.
Return to the use of this document was necessitated by the
1992 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act which
disallowed the expenditure of funds for identifying or
delineating any land as "waters of the United States" under
the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating
Jurisdictional Wetlands that was adopted in January, 1989 or
any subsequent manual not adopted in accordance with the
requirements for notice and public comment of the rule-
making process of the Administrative Procedures Act.
Thus, a wetlands delineation study was initiated in the
Spring Season of 1992, using the parameters of the 1987
Federal Manual and the COE Guidelines of October 7, 1991 and
March 6, 1992, regarding use of said manual.
1.04 Past Land Usage
The Beaver Lake vicinity was cleared of its original
vegetation and used as a golf course and recreational area
(circa 1930). Around 1930 further excavation and
construction of an airport strip was completed. By the
1950s that use was abandoned. During the 1940s through
1980s, development of the Beaver Lake residential
subdivision occurred and Beaver Lake was man-created by
excavation and construction of dams, check dams, and an
overflow structure at its north end, along the Beaverdam
Creek waterbody. Today the 30 acre lake, which is adjacent
to the beaver Lake Sanctuary, is maintained by the local
Homeowner's Association and is used as a small recreational
lake by residents for fishing, rowboating, and jogging-
hiking around the upland perimeter. As noted in Section
1.03, the EMAS has purchased the south end containing
wetlands (now referred to as the "Sanctuary"), as a result
of speculated commercial development of that area.
1.05 Ornithology
Beaver Lake and the Sanctuary Wetland is known as one of the
best "birding" areas in Buncombe County. Thus, this site
was selected for natural history preservation by EMAS in
1987 because of its ornithological high quality. The
Chapter maintains an ongoing bird census and Table 1 below
represents a partial checklist of over 60 species sightings
in the Beaver Lake vicinity over the past 5 years.
Page 4
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 1. CHECK LIST OF BIRDS OBSERVED IN THE BEAVER LAKE
SANCTUARY VICINITY BY THE EMAS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS.
------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS CODE
RESIDENCY:
R = Permanent resident
S = Summer resident
M = Migrant
W = Winter visitor
FREQUENCY:
A = Abundant; over 25 individuals on a given day in proper
habitat/season.
F = Fairly common; at least one individual per day in proper
habitat/season.
U = Uncommon; at least one individual per season of
occurrence or several individuals per year.
O = Occasional; one individual per year or less.
X = Rare; has occurred in the area previously at least once,
but is not to be expected.
GEESE AND DUCKS: STATUS:
Wood Duck OR
Ring-necked Duck OW
Lesser Scaup XM
Bufflehead XW
Hooded Merganser UW, XS
Common Merganser OW
Redhead Duck XM
Common Mallard F
Canada Goose U
HERONS AND EGRETS:
Great Blue Heron U
American Egret X
VULTURES. HAWKS AND EAGLES:
Turkey Vulture CR
Osprey OM
Page 5
RAILS. GALLINULES AND COOTS:
American Coot XMWS
Common Loon XM
SHOREBIRDS:
Killdeer UR
Solitary Sandpiper UM
Spotted Sandpiper UM
GULLS AND TERNS:
Ring-billed Gull XMW
Herring Gull XW
DOVES:
Mourning Dove CR
SWIFTS AND HUMMINGBIRDS:
Chimney Swift CS
Ruby-throated Hummingbird FS, CM - fall
KINGFISHERS:
Belted Kingfisher FR
WOODPECKERS:
Red-bellied Woodpecker FR
Downy Woodpecker FR
Northern Flicker FR
FLYCATCHERS:
Willow Flycatcher OS
Eastern Phoebe CR, (UW)
Eastern Kingbird FS
SWALLOWS:
Tree Swallow OM
Northern Rough-winged Swallow FS
Barn Swallow CS
JAYS. CROWS AND RAVENS:
Blue Jay CR
American Crow CR
Page 6
CHICKADEES AND TITMICE:
Carolina Chickadee CR
Tufted Titmouse CR
NUTHATCHES AND CREEPERS:
White-breasted Nuthatch FR
WRENS:
Carolina Wren CR
House Wren OR, FM
THRUSHES:
Eastern Bluebird FR
Wood Thrush CS
American Robin FR, CM
THRASHERS:
Gray Catbird FS, OW
Northern Mockingbird UR
Brown Thrasher FS, UW
PIPITS AND WAXWINGS:
Cedar Waxwing FR (erratic)
SHRIKES AND STARLINGS:
European Starling CR
VIREOS:
Yellow-throated Vireo CS
WOOD-WARBLERS:
Yellow Warbler FS
Yellow-rumped Warbler A-CMW
Black-and-white Warbler CS
American Redstart FS
TANAGERS:
Scarlet Tanager CS
Page 7
CARDINALS, GROSBEAKS, BUNTINGS AND SPARROWS:
Northern Cardinal CR
Indigo Bunting C-AS
Rufous-sided Towhee CR
Field Sparrow CR
Song Sparrow CR
White-throated Sparrow C-AW
MEADOWLARKS, BLACKBIRDS, AND ORIOLES:
Red-winged Blackbird
Common Grackle
Orchard Oriole
Northern Oriole
FM, CS, UW
FS, UW
UM, US
UM, OS
FINCHES:
House Finch
Pine Siskin
American Goldfinch
XW
US, U-CW (erratic)
FR
Recognition is given to Ms. Sally Coburn, Ornithology Field
Trip Coordinator/Leader of the EMAS for providing this
checklist.
Page 8
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION
2.01 Geology - Topography (See Exhibit 4 - Site
Topographic Map and Exhibit 5: U.S.G.S.:
7.5 Minute Topographic Map: Weaverville, NC Quad)
The project area is located within the Blue Ridge Province
of the Appalachian Mountain Region. The U.S. Forest Service
indicates that this province typically has three geo-
morphological landscape subunits: a) Mountain Ridge,
b) Piedmont Slopes, c) Alluvial or Flood Plain Flats. For
the project area vicinity, the Mountain Ridges include the
following mountains and their ridge contour elevations:
Meadow Mountain (3,500'), Pleasant Knob (2,732'), Reynolds
Mountain (2,900'), and Killiam Mountain (3,000'). Typical
piedmont slopes range between the 2,100' and 2,400' contour
elevations.
The project area is located in the flood plain alluvial flat
of the Beaverdam Creek watershed. The Phase I project area
occurs on a high bottom, man-created, upland terrace
designated as a Udorthent by the USDA-SCS. Udorhtents
consist of a mixture of soil and rock materials that have
been drastically disturbed by human activities, typically
the result of cut, excavated, or transported fill. A small
part of the Udorthent is in the designated 100 year flood
plain zone. No construction activities occur or are planned
for this zone, which is governed by the Flood Plain
Ordinance of the City of Asheville, NC.
The wetlands area occurs as part of a low bottom flood plain
terrace or slack water area, about 2' below the high bottom
terrace, which is sharply demarcated. The contour elevations
for the upland- wetland boundary are c.a. 2,028' - 2,030'
(U.S.G.S.: 7.5 Minute Map - Weaverville Quadrangle).
Because of its landscape position, the project area has
received and is characterized by alluvial fine silts
deposited under flood stage conditions. The wetland area is
characterized by A Slopes (0% - 2% gradient).
2.02 Hydrology
The Phase II wetland project area is located within the
flood plain of Beaverdam Creek, which is a lower flow
perennial stream. Because of its watershed landscape
position, being located between mountain ridges, and because
of development of the local landscape vicinity (golf course,
residential subdivisions, roads, etc.), it is characterized
by frequent flooding from storm water surges. The wetlands
are characterized by having a mosaic of microdepressions
with ponded water occurring 1" to 6" in depth or by a flat
poorly drained soil surface with water saturated soils which
Page 9
are soggy and may have water in probes within 1" to 12"
below the surface. There are some minor and localized
slightly elevated rises (1' or less) that occur as
inclusions in the wetland area.
On the south side of the project area, a steep slope occurs
as part of man-created fill, representing the adjoining
boundary of the strip mall. The slopes are severe
(E Slopes+: > 25% gradient) and are about 12' to 18' in
height. The base of the slope has an outlet culvert which
receives sheet runoff from the impermeable surfaces of the
adjoining strip mall (roads, roofs, parking lot, etc.). The
water generated is sufficient to support a man-created
intermittent stream which drains into Beaver Lake.
2.03 Soils
The Udorthent fill, a nonhydric mapping unit, is affiliated
with the man-created, broad-upland terrace of Phase I. It is
moderately drained in this part of the Sanctuary. In the
lower level flood plain terrace, the project area is
somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained, with hydric soils
and minor nonhydric inclusions. The surface is brown loam
(6" to 8" deep), the subsoil is a mixture of dark yellow-
brown loam and mottled greyish brown fine sandy clay loam to
a depth of 30".
The hydric inclusions appear to be part of the Hatboro Soil
Series as determined by Mr. Mark S./ Hudson, SSPL for the
Buncombe/Madison Soil Survey Office . Such soils are poorly
or very poorly drained and formed in loamy alluvial flood
plains of mountain valleys. Typically the Al pedon consists
of dark grey (10YR: 3/1) to black (10YR: 2/1) silt loam for
18" - 26" below the surface (See Exhibit 6).
For the project area, a typical soil profile for the upper
18" of an Al pedon is that of:
Matrix: 10YR 5/1 (75%)
Mottles: 7.5YR 5/4-5/6 (5%)
Mottles: 5YR 5/8 (20%)
A nonhydric soils series occurring as inclusions and
scattered around the wetlands of the project area and Beaver
Lake vicinity is the Arkaqua Loam and Silt Loam. It is not
practical to separate this unit from the Hatboro hydric
soils series as the somewhat poorly drained hydrology
supports hydrophytic vegetation and a wetlands hydrology
during the Spring Hydroperiod.
Page 10
2.04 Vegetation
A. Uplands
The upper level man-created terrace of Udorthent fill (In
Phase I) is characterized by open field secondary succession
in the herb sere, with widely scattered woody inclusions.
The dominant herb is Andropogon virginicus (Broom Sedge:
FACU), representing more than 50% of the aerial cover.
Subdominant herbs include: Daucus carota (Wild Carrot:
FACU), Achillea millefolium (Yarrow: FACU), Dactvlis
glomerata (Orchard Grass: FACU), and various Asteraceae that
are late summer to fall flowering plants. The major woody
inclusions are Salix sericea (Silky Willow: FACW), Rubus
allegheniensis (Blackberry: FACU). Rosa Carolina (Wild Rose:
FACU), and Robinia pseudo-acacia (Black Locust: FACU).
B. Wetlands
The lower level flood plain terrace consists of
predominantly wetlands vegetation with inclusions of wet
meadow, marsh, and shrub-scrub communities.
Community Names: Typha latifolia - Peltandra virginica
Marsh; Ranunculus septentrionalis Wet Meadow; Alnus
serrulata - Salix sericea Scrub-Shrub Swamp; Plantanus
occidentalis Flood Plain Forest
The jurisdictional wetlands consist of the above hydrophytic
communities, which are more or less are transitional with
each other, forming ecotones with widely scattered and minor
upland inclusions.
The wetlands are discussed in more detail in Section 6.0 and
in the Data Sheets included as part of Appendix II.
Page 11
3.0 AGENCY RESOURCE INFORMATION
3.01 Map Resources
3.011 National Wetlands Inventory Map (NWI)
No NWI map is available for the project area. If one were
available, it would probably give these categories for the
Beaver Lake and Sanctuary:
POWX = Palustrine (P); Open Water (OW); man-created,
excavated (X).
PSS/EM1Y = Palustrine (P); Shrub-Scrub (SS); Emergent (EM);
Class 1 - Deciduous; Y = Hydrology Regime that is seasonal,
semipermanent, or intermittent.
3.012 U.S.G.S.: 7.5 Minute Topographic Map -
Weaverville Quadrangle (Exhibit 5)
This topographic map indicates the ridge, slope, and valley
characteristics of the project area vicinity discussed in
Section 2.01.
3.013 Buncombe County Soils Survey: Map No. 375-248
(Exhibit 6A); Soils Data Sheets (Exhibit 6B);
Report of Mr. Mark S. Hudson, SSPL for the
Buncombe/Madison Soil Survey Office.
This map indicates the presence of the Iotla Loam and
Hayesville-Urban Land nonhydric soil map units for the
project area vicinity. As noted in the report of Mr. Mark
Hudson (Exhibit 6C), the Iotla and its affiliated soil, the
Arkaqua Loam have hydric inclusions or wet spots. These
soils are discussed in the data sheets obtained from the
Buncombe County SCS office (Exhibit 6B)
3.02 Literature References
3.021 An Atlas of the Wildlife Sanctuaries of the
National Audubon Society. 1991. National Audubon
Society, Washington, DC. 81 p.
This annotated reference list of the wildlife and waterfowl
sanctuaries created and managed under the auspices of the
National Audubon Society and its Chapter affiliates, lists
the Beaver Lake Sanctuary for the State of North Carolina.
Page 12
4.0 404 SECTION WETLANDS PARAMETERS
4.01 Jurisdictional Statement
The COE jurisdictional wetlands of the project area fall
into Category E of the 1982 Federal Register as follows:
"All other waters of the United States not identified
above, such as isolated wetlands and lakes, intermittent
streams, prairie potholes, and all other waters that are not
a part of a tributary stream or interstate waters of
navigable river of the United States "
Thus, hydrophytic communities such as wet flatwoods, swamp
forests, marshes, wet meadows, and ponds with emergent,
floating, or submerged vegetation, bottomland forests, etc.
are all considered to be COE jurisdictional wetlands as per
Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act (FCWA).
Three criteria have been establishe
of the COE, Fish & Wildlife Service
the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)
identify and delineate wetlands for
jurisdiction as required by Section
are:
d by interagency efforts
(FWS), Federal EPA, and
in order to objectively
purposes of COE
404 of the FCWA. These
1) Hvdrophvtic Vegetation,
2) Hydric Soils, and
3) Wetlands Hydrology.
COE jurisdiction occurs on any wetland meeting these
criteria, regardless of size and if necessary, Commerce
Clause Jurisdiction. Typically, upon COE discretion, up to
1.00 acre per project (cumulative configuration) may be
filled. The COE does have the right to deny the placing of
fill in a high quality wetland, even if it is less than 1
acre in size. Each of the three criteria are discussed
below.
4.011 Hvdrophvtic Vegetation
Hydrophytic vegetation is defined as macroaquatic plant life
growing in water or in a water saturated substrate that is
at least periodically deficient in oxygen (anaerobic or
anoxic) because of the excessive water content. Typical
examples of vegetation communities containing plants
(usually called hydrophytes) include: swamp forests, wet
meadows, fens, bogs, marshes, river, lakes, streams, ponds,
and their transition zones, including intermittent ones. In
Page 13
shallow, open water areas, hydrophytes may be submerged,
free-floating, attached (rooted) floating, or emergent
types. Transition zones around the edge of lakes, streams,
or ponds, or in microdepressions, may have emergent or
semiaquatic wetlands plants. On flat poorly drained sites,
the scrub/shrub succession or swamp forest will have trees,
shrubs, or herbs that are adapted to wet site conditions.
The FWS in cooperation with COE, EPA, and SCS has published
the "National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands".
This list separates vascular plants into the following
groups termed "wetland indicator status", based on the
species' estimated frequency of occurrence in wetlands under
natural conditions.
OBL.... Obligate Wetland Plants, that almost always occur in
wetlands (estimated probability being 99%).
FACW... Facultative Wetland Plants, that usually occur in
wetlands (estimated probability being 67% - 99%).
FAC.... Facultative Plants, that are equally likely to occur
in Wetlands or non wetlands (probability of 34% - 66%).
FACU... Facultative Upland Plants, usually occurring in
nonwetlands (estimated probability of 67% - 99%).
UPL.... Upland Plants, usually occurring in nonwetlands
(estimated probability of 99%+).
An area is considered to have hydrophytic vegetation when,
under normal circumstances, more than 50% of the composition
of the dominant species from all strata (tree, shrub, herb,
etc.) are those with a wetland indicator status of OBL,
FACW, and/or FAC). The 1987 Federal Manual offers a FAC
Neutral Option. If the majority of dominant species have an
Indicator Status of FAC, they can be eliminated from
consideration and the determination of hydrophytic
vegetation is based on a majority of the remaining dominants
being FACW or OBL as opposed to FACU or UPL.
4.012 Hydric Soils
Hydric soils are those defined as being flooded, ponded, or
saturated with water long enough during the growing season
so as to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper horizon
(down to 18" or more from the surface). Generally, such
soils are flooded, ponded, or saturated with water, usually
for one week or more when the temperature of the soil and/or
water interface is above biological zero (above 41 degrees
Page 14
F). An area has hydric soils when the National Technical
Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) criteria for hydric soils
are met. A national list of hydric soils has been prepared
for each county in North Carolina and is available via the
local Soil & Water Conservation District office. Because
soils maps prepared for each county are not site specific,
some units are too small to be effectively mapped, some
represent unmapped complexes, or new interpretations
regarding taxonomy and classification have been made, a
certified soils scientist is needed to determine the
presence of hydric soils on a given project area.
4.013 Wetland Hydrology
The criterion most important in terms of hydrology in the
delineation of a wetland is the "permanent or periodic
inundation to the surface by water at least seasonally",
sensu FWS. Thus, wetlands have a seasonal abundance of
water, particularly during the growing season. This water
may come from sheet flow over A Slopes (0% - 2%), water held
in perched water tables, periodic flooding, etc. Usually,
if an area has hydric soils and a wetlands vegetation type
community, it has a wetlands hydrology. The most recent
interpretation by the COE in the 1987 Federal manual
indicates that a wetlands hydrology of ponded water needs tc
exist for a minimum of 14 consecutive days when the soil
temperature is above biological zero (4 degrees C or 41
degrees F) or a saturated soil hydrology regime needs to be
in place for 21 consecutive days. Typically, the hydrology
regime is interpreted in terms of percent of growing season,
with a 12.5% minimum standard for most isolated wetlands.
The growing season is defined as occurring from the average
last frost date in the spring to the average first frost
date in the fall (28 degrees F Standard, with a 5 out of 10
year frequency or probability).
Page 15
5.0 WETLANDS TAXONOMY AND SITE ECOLOGY
5.01 Palustrine System
Applicable Definition: "Includes all nontidal wetlands that
are dominated by trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, etc.,
water depth in the deepest part of any basin less than 2
meters.at low water....".
The Palustrine System was developed to group the vegetated
wetlands traditionally called by such names as marsh, swamp,
wet flatwoods, bottomlands, wet meadows, etc. Such wetlands
may be isolated and/or located on former lake plains, river
flood plains, or A Slopes of low lying or poorly drained
topography, or any other area where water collects on a
seasonal basis. The class categories that most commonly
occur in our area on the NWI maps are as follows:
PF01Y = Palustrine (P); Forested (FO); 1 = Subclass:
Broad-leaved Deciduous; Y = Water Regime -
Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal.
PSS1Y = Palustrine (P); Scrub/Shrub (SS); 1 = Subclass:
Broad-leaved Deciduous: Y = Water Regime -
Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal.
PEMY = Palustrine (P); Emergent Vegetation (EM);
Y = Water Regime - Saturated/Semipermanent/
Seasonal. Subclasses range from persistent
to nonpersistent plant habit.
PAB = Palustrine (P); Aquatic Beds (AB). Subclasses
may relate to algae,mosses, or vascular
aquatics.
POWZ = Palustrine (P); Open Water (OW); Intermittently
Exposes/Permanent (Z).
In addition to the above, a community name is used to
identify dominant vegetation, i.e., Acer rubrum Swamp; TYpha
latifolia Marsh, etc.
Page 16
6.0 DELINEATED WETLANDS
6.01 Wetland 1: PEMY/PSS1Y (c.a. 4.00 acre)
Community Names: Tvpha latifolia - Peltandra virginica
Marsh; Ranunculus septentrionalis Wet Meadow; Alnus
serrulata - Salix sericea Scrub-Shrub Swamp; Plantanus
occidentalis Flood Plain Forest
The jurisdictional wetlands consist of the above hydrophytic
communities, which are more or less are transitional with
each other, forming ecotones with widely scattered and minor
upland inclusions.
COMMUNITY I
Tvpha latifolia - Peltandra virginica Marsh) - PEMY
This vegetative community is dominated by Arrow Arum
(Peltandra virginica) and the common cattail (TYpha
latifolia - OBL). It occurs in a microdepression of ponded
water near the mouth of Beaverdam Creek and Beaver Lake.
Other subdominant vegetation includes: Dulichium
arundinaceum (Three-corner Sedge: OBL) and Cyperus strigosus
(Sedge - OBL). Young shoots developing in the spring appear
to be those of Acorus calamus (Sweetflag: OBL).
COMMUNITY II
Ranunculus septentrionalis (Wet Meadow) - PEMY
This community type occurs on the flat, soggy, very poorly
drained topography of the lower flood plain terrace. The
dominant herb is the Swamp Buttercup (OBL) given in the
community name above. Other subdominants include:
Impatiens cavensis (FACW), Cardamine pennsylvanica (FACW+),
Carex vulpinoidea (OBL), Allium canadense (FACU-), Verbisina
alternifolia (FAC), Vitis cinerea (FAC+), Arabidopsis
thaliana (Mouse-ear Cress: FACW) and Arabis virginica
(Cress: FACW). Dulichium arundinaceum and TYpha latifolia
are scattered inclusions.
COMMUNITY III
Alnus serrulata (Scrub-Shrub Swamp) - PSS1Y
This wetland occurs as a mosaic scrub-shrub thicket
throughout the wetland, and is nearly impenetrable in some
areas. Most saplings have not formed a closed canopy and
vines of Lonicera .iaponica (FAC-) form tangles throughout
the shrub layer.
Page 17
COMMUNITY IV
Plantanus occidentalis Flood Plain (PFOIY)
Along the south boundary of the project area, adjacent to
the Merrimon Avenue Strip Mall, culverted drainage enters an
intermittent stream. During high precipitation cycles,
deposition occurs above the ordinary high water mark,
resulting in an alluvial flood plain. The dominant trees
are Plantanus occidentalis (FACW-) and Acer negundo (FACW).
Toxicodendron radicans (FAC) is the dominant vine. Common
spring herbs are Viola papilionacea (FAC), Cardamine
pennsylvanica (FACW+), and Allium canadense (FACU-).
A representative species list for this wetland is given in
Table 2 below.
------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 2. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES LIST FOR PSS1Y WETLAND
------------------------------------------------------------
SPECIES
NAME:
COMMON
NAME:
INDICATOR
STATUS:
Acer negundo
Acer rubrum
Alnus serrulata
Cornus racemosa
Lonicera japonica
Parthenocissus
quinquefolia
Plantanus occidentalis
Rubus allegheniensis
Salix nigra
Salix sericea
Sambucus canadensis
Toxicodendron radicans
6.023 Nonwetlands
Box Elder FACW
Red Maple FAC
Common Alder FACW
Grey Dogwood FACW
Honeysuckle Vine FAC-
Virginia Creeper FAC
Sycamore FAC
Blackberry FACU
Black Willow FACW
Silky Willow FACW
Black Elder FACW
Poison Ivy FAC
These were discussed in Section 2.04.
Page 18
7.0 METHODOLOGY
The Level 3 routine on-site determination method was used,
as described in the January, 1987 "Federal Manual for
Identifying and Delineating Wetlands", an interagency
publication of the COE, FWS, EPA, and SCS. Initial field
identification of representative plant communities was made
by the project ecologist; working concurrently with the SCS
soils data, appropriate and jurisdictionally sufficient
soils samples were examined for hydric or nonhydric
classification purposes in the various vegetational defined
areas. Mr. Mark S. Hudson, Certified Soils Scientist for
the Buncombe/Madison Soil Survey Office, visited the site
with the EC and examined representative on-site core samples
and made the hydric soils determinations.
Wetlands boundaries were flagged with surveyors tape labeled
"Wetlands Boundary". A base line map (Exhibit 7) was
constructed indicating locations of observation data sheets,
ecophotostations, and wetlands boundaries. Standard
planimetric techniques were used to determine actual
acreage. The vegetation analysis was based on 300' line
transects with quadrants selected to represent changes in
the plant community (biased sampling). The Field Ecology
Class of the University of North Carolina - Asheville (UNCA)
aided the consultant in the sampling and collecting of
quantitative data in the Vegetation Analysis.
The interpretations of wetlands were based on the COE
guidelines of October 7, 1991 and March 6, 1992 regarding
use of the 1987 "Federal Manual" and the 1991 Wetlands
Training Institute's Continuing Education Wetlands Course on
use of the "1987 Federal Manual", attended by the EC.
Page 19
8.0 DISTURBED SITE
As noted in Sections 1.0 and 2.0, Beaver Lake is a man-
created entity. Other development in the area, i.e.,
widening of Merrimon Avenue, development of the adjoining
strip mall, subdivision development, and golf course
construction have all influenced water flow and have
accounted for fill in the project area vicinity (Phase I).
The existing wetland project area (Phase II) is in the
original lower flood plain terrace of Beaverdam Creek, with
little alteration of topography.
Page 20
9.0 CONCLUSIONS
As a result of this study, c.a. 4.00 acres of COE
jurisdictional wetlands were delineated using the 1987
"Federal Manual". The EMAS proposes to build a system of
boardwalks and lookout environmental education interpretive
platforms as part of nature program facilities. Exhibit 7
indicates the proposed location of these structures.
Fill such as wood chips or crushed stone will be used to
create nature trails. Concrete or crushed stone will be used
for placement of treated wood in post holes. All excavated
material will be confined to the nature trail or platforms
and will not be placed in the adjoining wetland. Thus, the
applicant requests the appropriate Nationwide Permit (NWP)
from the COE, as the project area acreage for said
construction activities is less than 1 acre. The project
activity qualifies under the NWP provisions (probably NWP
18) and technically does not require predischarge
notification as < 0.33 acre of wetland would be filled.
Also, the proposed project activity probably does not
require Section 401 Water Quality Certification for the
State of North Carolina administered by the Water Quality
Section of the Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources and should be administered under General
Certification Requirements for Environmental Education
and/or Scientific Research. As directed by Mr. Mike Parker,
Wetlands Technician for the NC Dept. of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources for the Asheville Regional Office,
copies of this report are simultaneously being submitted to
these agencies for review and issuance of a permit:
Mr. Robert Johnsom
Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Office of the Wilmington District
Federal Building
Asheville, NC 28806
Mr. John Dorney
NC Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626
Calculations for wetland areas to be filled:
1) Nature Trails: 1,480 if X 6' width ...... 8,800.00 s.f.
2) Deck/Platforms: Total Area = 20' X 120'... 2,400.00 s.f.
Total = 11,200.00 s.f.
0.257 acre
Page 21
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I (Attached):
Exhibit 1. Site Location Map
Exhibit 2. Deed of Conservation Easement
Exhibit 3. Asheville Buncombe Discovery, Spring, 1992:
Beaver Lake: Citizen Action Success, pp 6-7.
Exhibit 4. Site Topographic Map
Exhibit 5. U.S.G.S.: 7.5 Minute Topographic Map -
Weaverville Quadrangle
Exhibit 6A. Buncombe County Soils Survey -
Sheet No. 375-248
6B. Soils Data Lists and Descriptions obtained from
Buncombe/Madison County SCS Soils Survey
Office
6C. Soils Report of Mr. Mark S. Hudson, SSPL:
Buncombe/Madison County SCS Soils Survey
Office
Exhibit 7. Base Line Map for Project Area.
APPENDIX II (Attached): Data Sheets
APPENDIX III (Attached): Ecophotostations
APPENDIX IV: Vitae - Project Ecologist and Environmental
Consultant:
Edward J.P. Hauser, Ph.D.
Currently, Adjunct Faculty Member: University of North
Carolina - Asheville, Department of Environmental
Studies; Former Adjunct Full Professor: Cleveland
State University, College of Urban Affairs and 1st
College, Division of Environmental Studies; Emeritus
Professor, Dept. of Biology, Lakeland Community
College; 30 years teaching in ecology and
environmental science; 20 years environmental
consulting experience in land capability analysis,
water quality studies, and natural areas and wetlands
delineations.
31 Nichols Hill Dr.
Asheville, NC 28804-9712
[phone]
Page 22
WETLANDS REFERENCES
Army Corps of Engineers. 1991 and 1992. Guidance for
Submittal of Wetlands Delineation Reports.
Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers.
Cowardin, L.M., et al. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States, U.S.
Department of-the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service, Biological Services Program (FWS/OBS-
79/31), Washington, DC, 103 p.
Duncan, W and L. Foote. 1975. Wildflowers of the
Southeastern United States. The University of
Georgia Press; Athens, GA, 296 p.
Duncan, W. and M. Duncan. 1988. Trees of the Southeastern
U.S.. The University of Georgia Press; Athens, GA,
322 p.
Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany (8th Edition),
American Book Company, New York, 1632 p.
Fish and Wildlife Service. 1988. National List of Plant
Species That Occur in Wetlands: National Summary.
U.S. Department of Interior (Biological Report
88:24), Washington, DC 20240, 244 p.
Guertal, W.B. and G.F. Hall. 1990. Relating Soil Color to
Soil Water Table Levels. Ohio J. Sci. 90(4):
118-124 p.
Hauser, E.J. 1966. The Viburnums of Georgia. Bulletin,
Georgia Academy of Sciences, 7 p.
Hitchcock, A.S. 1971. Manual of the Grasses of the United
States 2 volumes), Dover Publications, Inc., New
York, 1051 p.
Horton, J.W. and V.A. Zullo (Editors). 1991. The Geology of
the Carolinas. Carolina Geological Society (50th
Anniversary Volume. Univ. of Tennessee Press;
Knoxville, TN, 406 p.
Hotchkiss, N. 1967. Common Marsh, Underwater, and Floating-
leaved Plants of the United States and Canada.
Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 124 p.
Liebesman, L.R. 1990. Developer's Guide to the Federal
Wetlands Regulations. National Association of
Home Builders, 15th & M Streets, NW, Washington,
DC 20005, 79 pp. plus appendices.
Page 23
Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little,
Brown and Company, Boston, MA, 490 p.
Radford, A., H. Ahles, and C.R.Bell. 1968. Manual of the
Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The University
of North Carolina Press; Chapel Hill, NC, 1183 p.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Jan. 1987. Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, Wetlands
Research Program: Technical Report Y-87-1.
Washington, DC 20314-1000.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Oct. 7, 1991. Memo from John
Studt. Questions and Answers on the 1987 Manual.
U.S.D.A., Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of
Buncombe County, North Carolina. Unpublished
soils maps, soils description, and soils lists.
Wetland Training Institute. Dec. 1991. Field Guide for
Wetland Delineation: Unified Federal Method,
based on 1987 Federal Manual. Poolesville, MD
20837-0099.
Page 24
DEED OF CONSERVATION EASEMENT
THIS DEED OF EASEMENT is made this -2.1st day of _November
198 8, by and between Lake View Park Commission, Inc,. ,having an address
at Post Office Box 8332, Asheville, INC, 28814 ("Grantors") in
favor of Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society, Inc. a nonprofit North
Carolina corporation qualified to do business in North Carolina,
having an address at Post Office Box 5456, Asheville, NC, 28813
("Grantee").
EXHIBIT 2: DEED OF CONSERVATION
EASEMENT AND CHAPTER NEWSLETTER
FOR THE ELISHA MITCHELL AUDUBON
WHEREAS, Grantors are SOCIETY OF ASHEVILLE, NC.
real property, situated in
County, North Carolina, mor
attached hereto and incorporated by this reference (the
"Property");
WHEREAS, the Property possesses scenic, natural and
aesthetic value in its present state as a natural area and is of
great importance to Grantors, and the people of Asheville;
WHEREAS, in particular, the Property, which exists in a
substantially undisturbed state as a wetland syst m integral to
the health of Beaver Lake;
WHEREAS, the specific conservation values of the Property
are documented in an inventory of relevant features of the
Property, dated November 21, 1988, and known as the Baseline
Data, which consists of surveys, maps, photographs, and other
documentation that the parties agree provide, collectively, an
accurate representation of 4the Property at the time of this
grant and which is held by Grantors and Grantee and which is
intended to serve as an objective information baseline for
monitoring, compliance with the terms of 'this grant;
WHEREAS, Grantors intend that the conservation values of the
Property be preserved and maintained by the continuation of
current land use patterns, including, without limitation, those
relating to maintenance of the lake and silt control;
WHEREAS, Grantors further intend, as owners of the
Property, to convey to Grantee the right to preserve and protect
the conservation values of the Property in perpetuity;
WHEREAS, Grantee agrees by accepting this grant to honor the
intentions of Grantors stated herein and to preserve and protect
in perpetuity the conservation values of the Property for the
benefit of this generation and the generations to come;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the above and the mutual
covenants, terms, conditions, and restrictions contained herein,
and pursuant to the laws of North Carolina and in particular, the
Uniform Conservation and Historic Preservation Agreement Act,
Grantors hereby voluntarily grant and convey to Grantee a
conservation easement in perpetuity over the Property, of the
nature and character and to the extent hereinafter set forth
("Easement").
1. Purpose. It is the purpose of this Easement to assure
that the Property will be retained forever as open space, and to
prevent any use of the Property that will significantly impair or
interfere-with the conservation values of the property.
Grantors intend that this Easement will confine the use of the
property to such activities, including, without limitation, those
involving public recreation and education, and wildlife
management as are consistent with the purpose of this Easement.
?e Raven's Nest

BIRDATHON/BLOOMATHON CALENDAR OF UPCOMING EVENTS
UPDATE
It was a great weekend! Good weather, plenty of
wildflowers in bloom and numerous birds to enjoy.
Our president, Peggy Lasher, saw 71 species of
birds on a hectic but rewarding day of birding.
Additional teams of birders tallied over 100 species
of birds including Sora, Bay-breasted Warbler,
Blackpoll Warbler, Blue Grosbeak, Swamp
Sparrow, Bobolink, and Ring-necked Duck.
Janene Donovan, our official Bloomer, spotted 90
species of wild flowers at the Botanical Gardens.
We want to thank all of the participants who birded
and bloomed in an effort to raise much needed
funds for environmental education funds in North
Carolina. If you have not yet sent in your donation,
please do so immediately. Remember, this is the
major fund raiser for the Chapter and your support
is urgently needed.
PLEASE READ THIS!!!
JUNE
5 NC Audubon Members meeting Raleigh, NC
at NC State University
Theme: "Birds in the Balance"
7 Board Meeting 7.00 PM
Botanical Gardens
12 Field Trip - Canoeing on the French 9:00 AM
Broad Reservations required!!
15 General Meeting - Botanical Gardens7: 00 PM
Program: to be announced
18 Field Trip - Big Ivy/Douglas Falls 8:00 AM
All day trip (see article)
25 News Letter Deadline
JULY
10 Annual Chapter Picnic at Mt. Mitchell
Help us make room in the newsletter for some interesting news! If you volunteer to serve as membership
coordinator, we can omit this "Help Wanted" ad. The commitment - 3-4 hours a month! Also, how about
helping to make sure this newsletter is mailed on a timely basis to our members? It will take you only 3 - 4
hours a month. Come on, members! ! Let us hear from you. More information can be obtained by calling
Peggy at 645-6382 (evenings and weekends).
P.O. Box 18711 Asheville, NC 28814
Elisha Mitchell June Atidubon 1993 Society
The Raven's Nest --- June
MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION
The INTRODUCTORY $20.00 MEMBERSHIP is still available. When you join National Audubon, you also become a
member of Elisha Mitchell Chapter. Membership entitles you to receive six bimonthly issues of AUDUBON Magazine and
the local newsletter, the RAVEN'S NEST. Make your check payable to NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY, include
complete name, address and zip code. Mail check and information to:
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society
PO Box 18711
Asheville, NC 28814-0711
The Raven's Nest is published ten times per year by the Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society. An annual subscription is
available to interested persons for $7.50 by sending a check payable to Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society for that amount
with name and address to Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society at the above address.
OFFICERS: President, Peggy Lasher (645-6382): Vice President (open): Secretary, Carl Nyberg (252-0730): Treasurer,
Eileen Wilson (251-1114) AT LARGE MEMBERS: Mike Byer (258-9231); Gary Francies (253-5491); Ed Hauser (645-
9182); Scott Parker (299-4432).
COMMITTEES: Programs, Ann Marie Arendes (298-3483): Field Trips, Kathlene Ford-Walters (704-689-2112):
Publicity, Nancy Byer (258-9231): Membership, Open : Education, Mark Hufford (704-749-4817); Conservation, Janene
Donovan (253-7395): Fund Raising, Scott Parker (299-4432): State Audubon Council Representative, Gary Francies (253-
5491): Newsletter Editor, Olivia Miller (645-5142): Wetlands Coordinator, Ed Hauser (645-9182): Beaver Lake
Coordinator, Scott Parker (299-4432).
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society
Post Office Boa 18711
Asheville, North Carolina 28814-0711
NON PROFIT ORG
US POSTAGE PAID
ASHEVILLE NC
PERMIT NO 448
DR- E J HAUSER
31 NICHOLS HILL DRIVE
ASHEVILLE, NC 28804
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PROPOSED
fli PROPERTY OF
BY ELI SHA MITCHELL
7 AUDUBON SOCIETY INC.
WARD 9 ASHEVILLE
BUNCOMBE COUNTY, N C.
SCALE I"=30' 10/8/85
RICHARD M. BIGGS, R L. S.
HUTCHI90N-BIGGS & ASSOCIATES, INC. ASHEVILLE, N C
36- 20 10 0 30 60 90 120
To all parties miter, s c> I? r!' }:, < yr is s rv- :rc? : This is to
certify that t•r" correct
to the best ,.....3.DChments
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either %1,3y -rcros Nr„pert, ., -
- - ?? R. L S.
E G E N P
EXHIBIT 4: SITE TOPOGRAPHY MAP
FLOODPLAIN ZONE OF PHASE I UPLANDS: NO DEVELOPMENT IN THIS AREA.
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EXHIBIT 6A: BUNCOMBE COUNTY SOILS
SURVEY SHEET NO.: 375-248
SOIL IDENTIFICATION LEGEND
Maw col Mapping Unit
244B Bradson loam, 2 to 8% slopes
244C Bradson loam, 8 to 15% slopes
171E Brevard loam, 15 to 30% slopes
721E Chandler loam, 15 to 30% slopes
33 Codorus loam, 0 to 2% slopes
13 Comus fine sandy loam, 0 to 2% slopes
**Cumberland clay loam, 2 to 8% slopes
340B
340C **Cumberland clay loam, 8 to 15% slopes
233A Delanco loam, 0 to 2% slopes
233B Delanco loam, 2 to 6% slopes
111C Dyke loam, 8 to 15% slopes
Dyke-Bradson-Urban Land, 2 to 15% slopes
MU
393C Edneyville loam, 8 to 15% slopes
393E Edneyville loam, 15 to 30% slopes
113 Elsinboro loam, 1 to 4% slopes
513E Evard loam, 15 to 30% slopes
513U Evard-Urban Land, 15 to 30% slopes
351C Fannin loam, 8 to 15% slopes
351E Fannin loam, 15 to 30% slopes
351U Fannin-Urban Land, 2 to 15% slopes
322C Fannin silt loam, 8 to 15% slopes
322E Fannin silt loam, 15 to 30% slopes
169 *French loam, 0 to 2% slopes
53 Hatboro loam, 0 to 2% slopes
313B Hayesville loam, 2 to 8% slopes
313C Hayesville loam, 8 to 15% slopes
313E Hayesville loam, 15 to 30% slopes
313F Hayesville loam, 30 to 50% slopes
313U Hayesville-Urban Land, 2 to 15% slopes
iV
ENHIBIT 6B: SOILS DATA AND DESCRIPTIO,
FOR SOILS IN PROJECT AREA VICINITY
)CATION ARKAQUA 9/80 GA OBTAINED FROM BUNCOMBE COUNTY SCS
SOILS SURVEY OFFICE
Proposed Series
Rev. RLW
--tte6- 3 ? 9
ARKAQUA SERIES
The Arkaqua ser--es consists of somewhat poorly drained, moderately
permeable soils on nearly level flood plains along creeks and rivers in
the Appalachian; Blue Ridge, and Great Smokey Mountains. They formed in
loamy alluvial sed_ments washed largely from soils formed in residuum
from granite, gneiss, schist, phyllite, and other metamorphic and
crystalline rocks. Slopes are less than 2 percent. Near the type
location the mez:n ;annual temperature is 56 degrees F., and the mean
annual precipit<<tion is 54 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts.
TYPICAL PEDON: Arkaqua loam--cultivated field.
(Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--O to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine granular
structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; common fine
pores; common fine flakes of mica; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
`13 to 10 inches thick)
Bwl--9 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; common
_ine faint yellcwi:?h brown (IOYR 5/8) and few fine faint pale brown
mottles; moderate mine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
few fine roots; few fine pores; common fine flakes of mica; strongly
acid; gradual smooth boundary. (6. to 18 inches thick)
Bw2--20 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; many
medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium faint grayish
brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common fine flakes
of mica; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. ?v to 19 inches
thick) -1
Bg--30 to 46 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; many medium
distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular
blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common fine
flakes of mica; veiy strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to
inches thick) lq
C ?Prrf--46 to 72 Inches; gray (5Y 5/1) stratified silt loam, sandy
loam, and sandy clay loam; massive; friable; few fine old roots; common
fine flakes of arica; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 30
inches thick)
L 72 to 74 inches; very gravelly loamy sand; very friable,
ssive; about 40 percent gravel by volume; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Union County, Georgia; 7.5 miles west of Blairsville on
GA0075 SOIL INTERPRETATIONS RECORD
MLRA(S): 130 ARKAQUA SERIES
LWF,WSC, 0-00 '? ?rt
FLUVAQUENTIC DYSTROCHREPTS, FINE-LOAMY, MIXED, MESIC
THE ARKAQUA SERIES CONSISTS OF DEEP SOMEWHAT POORLY DRAINED SOILS IN THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS. THESE ARE ON NEARLY LEVEL
FLOOD PLAINS THAT DEVELOPED IN LOAMY ALLUVIUM. IN A REPRESENTATIVE PROFILE THE SURFACE LAYER IS DARK BROWN LOAM ABOUT 9
INCHES THICK. THE SUBSOIL IS YELLOWISH BROWN CLAY LOAM TO A DEPTH OF 20 INCHES, BROWN FINE SANDY LOAM TO A DEPTH OF 30
INCHES, AND CRAY SANDY CLAY LOAN TO A DEPTH OF 46 INCHES. THE SUBSTRATUM IS STRATIFIED CRAY SILT LOAM, SANDY LOAM, AND
SANDY CLAY LOAM TO A DEPTH OF 72 INCHES. THIS IS UNDERLAIN BY VERY GRAVELLY LOAMY SAND. SLOPES RANGE_FROM-Y TO 2 PERCENT
I ESTIMATED SOIL PROPERTIES (A) O I
IDEPTHI I I IFRACTIPERCENT OF MATERIAL LESS ILIQUID IPLAS- I
I(LN.)I USDA TEXTURE I UNIFIED I AASHTO I 3 INI THAN 3" PASSING SIEVE NO. I LIMIT ITICITYI
I I I I I(PCT)I 4 I 10 I 40 I 200 1 IINDEX I
1 0-9 ISIL, L, FSL ISM, SM-SC IA-2, A-4 I 0 198-100 95-100 60-90 30-50 IZS-35 INP-7 I
I 9-30ICL, SIL, FSL LML, MH IA-4, A-6, A-7 I 0 196-100 95-100 80-100 51-90 I 35-55 I 4-20 I
I30-46ISIL, SCL, L 1ML, SM. SM-SC, CL-MLIA-4 I 0 I96-100 95-100 60-100 36-70 IZS-35 INP-7 I
146-721VAR I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
IDEPTHICLAY LMOIST BULKI PERMEA- I AVAILABLE I SOIL I SALINITY I SHRINK- IEROSIONIWIND IORGANICI CORRUSIVITY I
I(IN.)I(PCT)I D'_HSITY I BILITY IWATER CAPACITY IREACT ION I (MOS /CM) I -SWELL IFACTORSIEROD.IMATTER I I
I 0-9 110-201 %.,-a - 1.60 I 0.6-2.0 I 0. 12-0.1,67-0 1,%er-6.5 I - I LOW 1.241 4 145 ? I 2,75 1 HIGH IMODERATEI
I 9-30115-30I 1.1.+ (.551 0.6-2.0 I 1.5<4. 0 I - I LOW 1.281 I I I
I30-46I IG-25I }. ?? 1• (,0 1 0.6-2.0 I &rii-G, 26- L<f-6.0 I - I LOW 1.281 I I I
I46-72I - I I I r I? I I I I
I I I I I 0 ??y' 0' lo I ?,5 I 1 I I
I I I I I I I I I I
I FLOODING I HIGH WATER TABLE I CEMENTED PAN I BEDROCK ISUBSIDENCE IHYDIPOTENT'LI
I I DEPTH I KIND IMONTHS IDEPTHIHARDNESSIDEPTH IHARDNESSIINIT.ITOTALIGRPI FROST I
I FREQUENCY DURATION IMONTHS I (FT) I I I(IN) I I (IN) I I(IN) I(IN) I I ACTION I
I FREQUENT V.BRIEF IDEC-MAYI1.5-2.OIAPPARENTIDEC-MAYI - I I 60 I I- I I C I I
Map[fjE
SANITARY FACILITIES (B) CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL (B)
I I £EV::RE-FLOODING,WETNESS II I POOR-LOW STRENGTH I
ISEPTIC TANK I II I I
I ABSORPTION I II ROADFILL I I
I FIELDS 1 II I I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-FLOODING,WETNESS II I UN ED-EXCESS FINES I
I SEWAGE I II I
1
b? I
I LAGOON I II SAND ,(
C
E?
I J n I
I AREAS I II I I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-FLOODINC,WETNESS II I UNS -EXCESS FINES I
I SANITARY I II I T
l I
L
FIILL 1 11 GRAVEL f
I ?Y?wo I
I (
N I
I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-FLOODING,WETNESS II I GOOD I
I SANITARY I II I I
I LANDFILL I II TOPSOIL I I
I (AREA) I II I I
I I II I I ?.
1 I FAIR-WETNESS II
I DAILY 1 II WATER MANAGEMENT (B)
I COVER FOR I II 1 MODERATE-SEEPAGE I
I LANDFILL I II POND I I
I I II RESERVOIR I I

BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT (B) II I I
I I SEVERE-WETNESS II I MODERATE-PIPING I
I SHALLOW I IIEKBANKMENTS I I
IEKCAVATIONS I II DIKES AND I I
I I II LEVEES I I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-FLOODING II I MODERATE-SLOW REFILL I
I DWELLINGS 1 II EXCAVATED I I
I WITHOUT 1 II PONDS I I
I BASEMENTS I IIAQUIFER FED I I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-FLOODINC,WETNESS II I FLOODING I
I DWELLINGS I II I I
I WITH I II DRAINAGE I 1
I EASEMENTS I II I I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-FLOODING II I WETNESS,FLOODING I
I SMALL I II I I
I COMMERCIAL I II IRRIGATION I I
I BUILDINGS I II I I
I I II I I
I I SEVERE-LOW STRENCTH,FLOODING II I WETNESS I
I LOCAL I II TERRACES I I
I ROADS AND 1 II AND I I
I STREETS I II DIVERSIONS I I
I I II I I
I LAWNS. I SEVERE-FLOODING II I FAVORABLE I
ILANDSCAPINC I II GRASSED I I
I AND GOLF I II WATERWAYS I I
I FAIRWAYS I II I I
2 I II I I
REGIONAL INTERPRETATIONS
T T -
LOCATION HATBORO 6/86 PA+DE MD NJ VA
Established Series
Rev. EJM-GHL
6/86
HATBORO SERIES
Soils of the Hatboro series are very deep and poorly drained. They
formed in regolith of alluvium from metamorphic and crystalline rock.
They are on flood plains, and slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.
Permeability is moderate. Mean annual precipitation is 42 inches.
Mean annual temperature is 52 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Fluvaquents.
TYPICAL PEDON: Hatboro silt loam - pasture on a 2 percent slope.
(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap -- 0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; few
fine faint yellowish brown (lOYR 5/4) mottles; weak fine granular
structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; strongly acid;
abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
Bgl -- 9 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; common medium
distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)
mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly
sticky, slightly plastic; common mica flakes; strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary. (10 to 25 inches thick)
Bg2 -- 27 to 44 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; gray
(N6/0) ped coatings and common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak medium and fine subangular
blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common mica
flakes; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 30 inches
thick)
Cgl -- 44 to 56 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay
loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and gray (10YR
5/1) mottles; massive; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; thin
lenses of mica flakes; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
(8 to 20 inches thick)
C2 -- 56 to 70; stratified sandy, clayey and gravelly sediments;
massive; moderately acid.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 40 to 60 inches.
Depth to bedrock ranges from 5 to 10 feet or more. Content of pebbles
ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the solum and from 0 to 80 percent in
the C horizon. Mica flakes are common in the solum, and the C horizon
contains thin lenses of mica. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid
through neutral to a depth of 30 inches and from moderately acid
through slightly acid below 30 inches. Depth to low chroma mottles is
0 to 10 inches.
HATBORO SERIES CONTINUED 2
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3.
It is sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.
The B horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 4
through 7, and chroma of 0 through 2. Texture is sandy clay loam, clay
loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam. Structure is weak, fine or medium
subangular blocky.
The C horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR through 5Y value of 4
through 7, and chroma of 0 through 2. Texture is sandy clay loam, clay
loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam in the upper part and contains thin
lenses of mica flakes. The lower part is stratified sand, silt and
clay sediments and gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: Holly soils are in the same family. Holly soils
have sola that range between 20 to 44 inches.
Atkins, Melvin, and Wehadkee soils are in closely related families.
All of these soils except Wehadkee formed in sediments that do not have
appreciable mica content. Atkins soils are dominantly more acid to a
depth of 40 inches. Melvin soils have less than 15 percent sand that is
coarser than very fine sand. Wehadkee soils have temperatures warmer
than 59 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hatboro soils are on nearly level flood plains.
Slope gradients are between 0 and 3 percent. They formed in alluvium
largely from schist, gneiss and other metamorphic and crystalline
rocks. Climate is humid and temperate; mean annual precipitation
ranges from 40 to 44 inches; mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to
55 degrees F.; the growing season ranges from 170 to 190 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Comus and Codorus soils are on
associated flood plains. Bail, Brandywine, Chester, Glenelg,
Glenville, Manor and Mt. Airy soils are on the uplands nearby.
Brandywine, Chester, Comus, Glenelg, Manor and Mt. Airy are all well
drained soils. Baile soils have an argillic horizon. Glenville soils
are moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained and have a
fragipan.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained with slow runoff.
Permeability is moderate. These soils are subject to periodic stream
overflow, which usually occurs during the winter and spring months.
USE AND VEGETATION: About 50 percent of the Hatboro soils are in
pasture, 35 percent in woodland, and the remainder in cropland.
Woodland areas are in mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. The series is of small extent.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 1965.
PA0016 SO I L INTERPRETATIONS RECORD
MLRA(S)t 148, 130, 149A HATBORO SERIES
REV. CHL. 5-81
TYPIC FLUVAMMNTS, FINE-LOAMY, MIXED, NONACID, ME51C
DEEP POORLY DRAINED SOILS ON FLOODPLAINS FORMED IN RECENTLY DEPOSITED MICACEOUS SEDIMENTS MASHED FROM UPLANDS.
TYPICALLY THEY HAVE A DARK GRAYISH BROWN SILT LOAM SURFACE LAYER ABOUT 9 INCHES THICK. THE SUBSOIL TO 44 INCHES IS
GRAY AND GRAYISH BROWN SILT LOAM. THE SUBSTRATUM TO 70 INCHES IS 12 INCHES OF LICHT BROWNISH CRAY SANDY CLAY LOAM OVER
STRATIFIED SANDY TO CLAYEY AND GRAVELLY MATERIALS. SLOPES RANGE FROM O TO 3 PERCENT.
10N.)1 USDA TEXTURE I INIIFIID 1 AASHTO 1 3 INI THAN 3^ PASSING SIEVE NO. I LIMIT ITICITYI
I I I
CC 1
A-4
A- I(PCT)1 I IINDEX I
700-0--W-M-35 T£T7-1
I 5
1 Q-9 ISIL, L. 5L
1 9-441SIL, SILL, SCL U . 5H
,
IML, CL, CL-m ,
6
IA-4, A-6
1 - - 70
1 0 185-100 80-100 70-95 55-85 1 22-35 1 2-12 1
IN-SGISCL, SL, SIL IML, CL, SC, SM IA-4 1 0 175-100 70-100 60-90 45-60 1 22-30 1 2-10 I
156-701SR-C-CS ISM, SC, 04, Ix IA-1, A-2 1 0 ISO-65 45-60 45-60 15-35 1 32 IMP-14 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I - 1
((IN.)I(PCT)1 DENSITY 151LITY IWATER CAPACI TYIREACTIONI(MMHOS/CM)I SHELL IFACTORSIEROO.IMATTER I I
1 1 I (C/CM3) 1 (IN/HR) 1 (IN/IN) 1 (PH) I IPOTENTIALI-T rICROUPI (PCT) t SILLL 1
1 9-44115-3511.20-1.40 10.6-2.0 1 0.16-0.20 14.5-7.3 1 - 1 LOW 1.321 1 1 1
144-56110-3511.20-1.SO 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.10-0.14 15.6-6.5 1 - 1 LOW 1.201 1 1 1
156-701 5-4511.10-1.60 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.04-0.08 15.6-6.5 1 - I LOW 1.201
I I 1 1 t 1 I 1 I t
1 t 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I
I
1 I 1
ICRPI FROST I
I 1 (FT) 1 1 1(IN) 1 1 (IN) I 1(IN) 1(IN) _1_ _I ACTION I
I COMMON I EF - .5 -r
1 1 1
SANITARY FACILITIES (8) CONSTRUCTION 14ATERIAL (8)
I TSEGER?FL?06TAi;,AETRESb - 1
ISEPTIC TANK 1 11 t 1
I ABSORPTION 1 11 ROADFILL I 1
I FIELDS 1 11 1 I
I I It 1 1
(
I SEWAGE 1
11 1 t
1
I LAGOON I If SAID 1 1
I AREAS I II t t
I I It 1 I

I SANITARY 1
11 1 1
I
I LANDFILL I It GRAVEL I 1
I (TRENCH) 1 11 I 1
1 1 11 1 I
1 -
I SANITARY 1
11 1 t
1
1 LANDFILL 1 11 TOPSOIL I I
I (AREA) 1 11 1 1
1 1 it 1 I
1 POOR-WETNE55
I DAILY 1 11
II
WATER MANAGEMENT (8)
1 COVER FOR 1 111-SE VEIIF3 1
I LANDFILL I It POND I 1
I I 11 RESERVOIR I 1
11 AREA 1 1
BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT (8) 11 1 1
I T3EVEitE?iETRE55
1 SHALLOW I 1 1 5E
11EIBANIOHENTS I VtxL-pTF(AC;RETRE55 I
I
(EXCAVATIONS 1 11 DIKES AND t i
1 t 11 LEVEES I 1
1 I 11 I 1
1 - ,
I DWELLINGS 1
It EXCAVATED I I
I
I WITHOUT I 11 PONDS I 1
I BASEMENTS 1 I1AQUIFER FED I 1
1 I It 1 I
1 OWM I NGS 1 I I 1 1
1 WITH 1 11 DRAINAGE 1 1
1 BASEMENTS 1 11 1 I
1 1 tl 1 1
1 SMALL I It I I
I COMMERCIAL I It IRRIGATION I 1
I BUILDINGS 1 11 1 1
I I It I 1
1 -
I LOCAL 1
11 TERRACES I 1
1
I ROADS AND 1 11 AND 1 1
I STREETS 1 It DIVERSIONS I 1
I 1 11 1 1
1
IWOSCAPING 1 FRED: SEVERE-FLOODINC,WETNESS
It GRASSED I 1
1
1 AND GOLF 1 it WATERWAYS 1 1
1 FAIRWAYS 1 11 1 1
I I 11 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 t 1
U. S. DEPARTMENT Of AGRICULTURE
Soil Conservation Service
Technical Guide
Section II-A-2
June 1991

HYDRIC SOILS
Buncombe County, North Carolina
Hydric codes (HC):
Vegetation codes (VC):
1 = Hydric soils, only because of saturation for a
significant period during the growing season;
2 = Hydric soils that are frequently flooded for long or
very long periods during the growing season; and
3 = Hydric soils that are ponded for long or very long
periods during the growing season.
1 = Hydric soils that support woody vegetation under
natural conditions; and
2 - Hydric soils that do not support woody vegetatton under
natural conditions.
IMPORTANT NOTES: (1) Hydric soils in this county cannot be farmed under natural conditions
without removing woody vegetation or hydrology manipulation. (2) Some map units and included soils
listed as hydric soils in this county may not meet the definition of hydric soils and wetlands because
the hydrology has been altered through drainage or other manipulations.
A. Map units that are all hydric soils or have hydric soils as a major component.
Map Unit
Symbol HC VC Map Unit Name
262 1 1 Kinkora loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes
211A 1 1 Hemphill Loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
53 or 72 1 1 Toxaway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
43A 1 1 Nikwasi loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
B. Map units with inclusions of hydric soils or have wet spots.
Map Unit Hydric Normal location
Symbol Map Unit Name Inclusion HC VC Inclusion
65A or Biltmore fine sandy wet spots
13 loam, 0 to3 percent
slopes
53A Oellwood gravelly fine Nikwasi
sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent
slopes
1 1 depressions
1 1 depressions, near drains
Page 2
Buncombe County
B. Map units with inclusions of hydric soils or have wet spots.
Map Unit Hydric Normal location
Symbol Map Unit Name Inclusion HC VC Inclusion
2338 Dillard loam, Kinkora 1 1 depressions, terrace-upland
1 to 5 percent slopes interface
Hemphill 1 1 depressions, terrace-upland
interface
169 or French loam Nikwasi 1 1 depressions, near drains
87A 0 to 3 percent slopes
33A Iotla l oam, Toxaway 1 1 depressions, floodplain==terrace
0 to 2 percent slopes interface
12 or Rosman fine sandy loam Toxaway 1 1 depressions, floodplain-terrace
82A 0 to 2 percent slopes interface
2408 Unison Variant, Kinkora 1 1 depressions, near drains upland
2 to 8 percent slopes drains upland-terrance interface
Hemphill 1 1 depressions near drains upland
terrace interface
240C Unison Variant, Kinkora 1 1 depressions, near drains upland-
8 to 15 percent slopes terrace interface
Hemphill 1 1 depressions, near drains upland-
terrace interface
UNITED STATES Soil 208 A, 31 College Place
DEPARTMENT OF Conservation Asheville, N.C. 28801
AGR.Z..ITL'URE........_.__....._...__._._..._.._Service ................_.....__...................._._...._........__.._...____...___.....__..._._----.._....___ { -_44,68
Hydric soil determination DATE: 9-2-92
Beaver Lake Park
°1• Dr. Edward Hauser F?E EDF: 430
31 Nichols Hill Dr.
Asheville, N.C. 28804
On 9-2-92 I visited the Beaver Lake Park site to determine if
hydric soils were present. The area adjacent to *Merrimon Ave. has
been filled with 2 to 4 feet of soil and other material. The
filled area (Udorthent) runs from the steak house to the bridge,
south to north; approximately 150 feet deep.
The area immediately behind the fill drops abruptly to the natural
surface. The vegetation observed supports the hydric
qualifications. The first soil observation had about 12 inches of
overwash material. The soil profile underneath is very similar to
the Hatboro soil series, surface was to thin for the series.
Hatboro is a very deep and poorly drained soil. The textures of
the surface and subsoil are loam and silt loam. The Hatboro series
is a hydric soil.
The second soil observation is a typical example of Arkaqua soil
series. This soil is very deep and somewhat poorly drained. The
textures of the surface and subsoil are loam and silt loam. The
substrata changes to sand loam and loamy sand at 45 inches. The
Arkaqua soil series does not classify as a hydric soil but
certainly can have hydric inclusions.
The water table in the Arkaqua soil was noted at 40 inches, but we
did not check the stabilized water table level. The site exhibits
the soil, vegetative, hydrologic characteristics to be defined as a
hydric area.
For your information I've included a series-description and
interpretative record for the Hatboro, Arkaqua and Iotla soils.
The Iotla soil is very similar to Arkaqua (coarse-loamy verses
fine-loamy particle size family) and may be an aggressive
competitor.
I hope this information will benefit you in the development of
Beaver Lake Park. Please: cc),Itact. tts if ycU need future?
Mark S. Hudson, SSPL
Buncombe/Madison Soil Survey Office
EXHIBIT 6C: REPORT FROM MR. MARK S."
HUDSON, SSPL OF BUNCOMBE COUNTY SCS
SOILS SURVEY OFFICE.
EXHIBIT 7 - BASELINE MAP
Items illustrated:
1) Location of Phase I Upland Area purchased by EMAS (3.86
acres) with parking area, entrance, proposed plantings,
frontage on Merrimon Ave., Beaver Dam Creek, and bridge.
2) Location of Phase II Wetlnds Area for which Deed of
Conservation Easement is held by ENAS (4.00 acres).
3) Data Sheet locations indicated by numbered squares.
4) Ecophotostation locations indicated by numbered circles.
5) Adjoining Shoreline of Beaver Lake.
e r t t i ?; i-- PLR N DS - 5 ?t o P i ?J G- C E
U r? T ?Z
.
C) ,,-+ l2 e roJec+ Jq?^ea )
t! a
? S I Z> n m
f,z
° o `r
0 U-'
tg a
_p rn
I `•
J
/??? - Yjaa / ? oa n rn
Cf)
R E)A 4C In
_r
\ i Z
o
20 Year Multi-Phase Master Plan
[?&W[P=R L&[Zrg-. O&HC UU&I 3W
Elisha Mitchell Audubon Society, Inc.
ASHEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
EXHIBIT 7: BASE LINE MAP FOR PROJECT.
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
0 987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
project/site: 2 cr-,j 2r l_ co kQ- S a, Y') L'? `-c-`s- Date: r ti 1 a 1 l Q .?-?
Applicant/Owner. L i ??c, e ? a- o So?'? County: uhco„? ?-
VJ 'Lk- d-
Investigator: a. ?' o u s e State: f 1 ?--
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? Yes No l; ommun'tty ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes o Transect ID: 1
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes No Plot ID:
(If needed, explain on reverse.)
'.% „ 1 n r "_ % ?_t T - Fti„ a_r4 en'??q 1--J-"C- 3ej/pa?.sk

••> •? ?w•?v? - -
YG<IGrM1owls

Dominant Plant Spelciesrr Stratum Indicator
fr? O$L
?
?
? n
ASSOLtes Stratum Indicator
9.Du Itc. L xnay-utic;nce,w.'4e-4 ®81?.
IcL
g b?tC? CO
yp
1 .
A-e? ??h?rq y?rwl,?c4
2 10. C f `?S sSv S `l OS L_
?
. c
11. +c OMws La14w???S il Q3?
3.
4. 12.
5. 13.
6. 14.
7.-
.

8. 16
.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW or FAC l D O Co
(excluding FAC-).

Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
-
-Stream, Lake, or ride Gauge Primary Indicators:
2c Inundated
_ Aerial Photographs X Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_ Other
X No Recorded Data Available _ Water Marks
A Drift Lines
X Sediment Deposits
X.Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Field Observations: Secondary indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: oZt, (in.) X Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Water-Stained Leaves
Depth to Free Water in Pit: a' (in.) Local Soil Survey Data
- FAC-Neutral Test
Depth to Saturated Soil: S Ur-C- cc. f_ On.) _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name ]? ,? Le
- To X at ?tJa
O L.D)r?Q ex
Class:
i
O
t
(Series and Phase): T i Ci npe
k
ta
T I field Observadons
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Conti- Mopped Type? Yes No

pro As DescMdon•
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors
Mottle Texture. Conwedons.
anchssl Horizon tMunsell Moist) (wnsell Moist) Abundence/Contrest Structure, *to- L"06 120;9
L4 q/1
41, X.
Hydric Sort Indicators:
_ Histosol
Histic Epipedon _ Concretions
_ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy SOBs
_Suifdic Odor nic Streaking in Sandy Soils
Li
t
i
S
b
l H
d
7
Aquic Moisture Regime
educing Conditions o
s
s
r
c
y
A tad on Loca
i7 Listed on National Hydric Sobs Ust
V Gieyed or Low-Chrome Colors _ Other (E?laln M Remarks)
Remarks: ?o[,a ?i2e?'??tl ?t° x, Tvo Stin?.l(( ?0 8t C1er.r-?
S?owv? COY) 5mi ?S ?41^Vt?? l lc??
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yea No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? es No
Hydric Soils Present? es No is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes No
Remarks:
Approved by
HQUSACE
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: t?cr.? f ?r- La.?S S ca: r ` Date: Ac,rL'k l lq z
Applicant/Owner: County: 1„ -n c-o -e
Investigator: ?? ce s er State: ?-
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? Yes No Community ID: a
site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes No Transact ID:
Is the s ?-
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes No Plot ID:
(If needed, explain on reverse.) Q aka
\04-

Dominant lent c -AAA Stratum Indicator Be s I'TSSeCrPS Stratum
rb
1?1
i Indicator
F-Pral)
l'1canu ?.a.? s se eltriohjiS 14e. r6 OBL
1 -
.5
9? : „S s .
.
2. ?Y Q?i S U lb`4 'lYl i La. ?? al t cJ 10. > a?n eAhS ??a?u-L,. ti FA(Lv 4-
11Cst?^E1C V u-111+701 ?ti. ?1 O$ 1,
3.
4 _ /?
. 1 I,
?wl?ChtttK,CX MNiha?fuu? Lt
13
©gl-
5.
6. .
14.?L? ?S CuDC?ihv S._ 0
7. 15.
a. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBI. FACW or FAC I D O!

(excluding FAC-). p

Remarks:
n T unvw%a .
Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge ?t
Primary Indicators: y S G Q ?,t c rX
-
-Aerial Photographs _ Inundated
Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_ Other
No Recorded Data Available Water Marks
Drift Lines
_ S
osits
nt De
di
p
me
e
'p
K.Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Field Observations- : _
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: oil- (in.) Y\ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Water-Stained Leaves
?t
Depth to Free Water in Pit: io fin')
Local Soil Survey Data
_X
FAC-Neutral Test
Depth to Saturated Soil: Q} 5 ?0`Le fin:) _
-Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
1
SOILS
Map Unit Name

`,eX Drainaps pass:
(Series and Phase): 1 t4 44-? 6pv"y /TVXCtyjdy CMeI

Taxonomy (Subgroup): Field Observations
C- Ft `'L v LC eh Confirm Mapped Type? Ye No

Profile Descriction•
Depth Matrix Color
Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, C wredorw
oist)
ell
(inches) Horizon (Muns
Structure, etc
(Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast
M
el
A- LE)\I1R '[
T-r-
Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Histosol
_ Histic Epipedon _ Concretions
_ High Organic Content in Surface iLaysr In Sandy Soils
Sulfidic Odor
1C7'Aquic Moisture Regime Organic Streaking In Sandy Soils
71.1sted on Local Hydric Soils Ust
-7 Reducing Conditions _77Usted on National Hydric Soils Ust
ZGleyed or Low-Chrome Colors _ Other W.Wain in Remarks)
Remarks:
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Ye No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? es No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes No is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Y*s No
Remarks:
Approved by
HQUSACE 3/92
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
0 987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: ICJ t? oe.V &r- `Jc?h c-_ ` °_r Date: Ler-4 l a l ..L-
w?r. b?
Applicant/Owner: s i ? k o o e County'
Investigator: a) F--w a -;:7-. P. H a.%t s a lr-- State: N C_
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? Ve No Community ID: Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Q Transect ID: 3
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes Plot ID: 3
of needed, explain on reverse.) Li -P-?.,Vk --I--
- - I i / r , --r-1 - L_ - 4--
L
VEGETATION C_oYvL t&,k,h ZJ-_1 ( y p -t- 44
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator-
i. Se r-v JeJ_ ha ? F??Lu9
2. PK 2?r

4. S & U1C. 11 Y' 0-
s ?TM -
7-"
s. o h i c.erQ . a_ n: t h E??}c
' 77J.9Y i e J e , an ro-kcorns \)i- f_ F A-L,
H
s.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or FAC
(excluding FAC-).
Remarks:
.__7 h V, V 7 C. r K p t III .. c i
Doni ecies SOCi'e; : Stratum Indicator
9.yic9 e,cw?1a?-? erb (,LO+
10. ?- C,? wK O s .P EA-r- t.')
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
6 DDfo

Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_
Stream. Lake, or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_
Aerial Photographs
_
Inundated

x Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_ Other
x No Recorded Data Available _ Water Marks
Drift Lines
-
it
D
epos
s
_ Sediment
Field Observations: k Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: (in.) k Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
X Water-Stained Leaves
Depth to Free Water in Pit: (p `? On.) .l Local Soil Survey Data
?

fin
) _ FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
.
Depth to Saturated Soil: _
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name a f?
(Series and Phase): ' ?"?i1 Q giu.4 ?4-+Lo1^m "IV,-? [%'-A- Drainage pass: P 0 -.ClwP 0
?( Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): ` I'e P IBC., i` TL V0. Lt e- v, ?S Confirm Mapped Type? Q No
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture. Conondone.
(inches) rizon (Munseil Moist) (Munsell Moist) Abundsnce/Contrast Structure. etc. Rrktrj
0'? 4 0VR qh-y/z t C)" 11 5-4-slg LiD?o C.IQy 5clI ,L RecA na
pyRs11-s/z-Y/z 1 DyJ, S/Y-V/1 ?B m 5. Lon??,,t?_ab?e
C_ C4, F! tik?5
Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Histosol -Concretions
_ Histic Epipedon _ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Sous
Sulfidic Odor _ Organic StreaWng in Sandy Soils
Aquic Moisture Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Spite List
? Reducing Conditions -Listed on National Hydric Soils List
1,:::f Gieyed or Low-Chrome Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Ye No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? No
Hydric Soils Present? Ye No Is tide Sampling Point Within a Wetland? as No
Remarks:
HQUSACE 3/92
Approved by
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
ct/Site: eAv e'r-- ?-?- Date: r i 2-I 1 g i Z
cant/Owner: s I t c. ? l o n o e County: $ ?? co h
tigator: D ?-? w ?• (s ?)- State: N
ormal Circumstances exist on the site? Yes No
[Do
site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes Community ID: L/
Transect ID:
area a potential Problem Area? Yes NN Plot ID:
needed, explain on reverse.) Lj Q t-?dh? Z
VFr;FTATInN ..,.. _ , : L Tv pp I V - F ( o elvl a i h "F-oh,e S4-
Dominant Plant Species Stratum
e-r NN PA k h.1 O
1. C Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
9.
-
ar?,?+.5 O ??i eh is Y t
3?? a ? FArC 11.
,
11
4 nn
. Ft )-S ?j21r1?w ? n l'? S? *u b
5. co'+?VNvalsao' cGtK ke{di4 Vik

F6(-?
EA-CJ -

12.
13.
I. n k i Le lendkre+% rJt'LpMS Vihe
6 FwL 14.
.
7. lae. o Ka c.e., er 6 1?- L t 5. -

Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or FAC
' (excluding FAC-). ?y
! S
Remarks:
uvnRnl nr:v
Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
_
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_
_ Aerial Photographs Inundated
Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_ Other
k No Recorded Date Available Y Water Marks
Y Drift Lines
o
i
D
s
ts
ep
CZ Sediment
Feld Observations: Y--.Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: --" On.) Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
i
Depth to Free Water in Pit: 1_Gn.) k Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
FAC-Neutral Test
..Depth to Saturated Soil: C4r ? (in.) _
- Other (Explain in Remarks)

,,?P?CrixvS'?
Remarks: ?? y) Oh?y?h?'L SOt lS i h < Iurst'on S Q-+
l
-C-100d ??? ?. f e rv-a.c e .
SOILS
Map Unit Name
?
-
A L 5
CcYh te>L D
e lass:
ai
?O?

a wa-
(Series and Phase):
1r
r
nag
l
6
I Field Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): P.r7? L `wV!{ e-YL+,s Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No

Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Conorridpns,?
'
inches Horizon tMunseil Moist) IM ?C
unsell Moist) Abundence/Contrest Structure, etc. /l ttt
pa. gyp` 3-TIZ. ta 1P,S??(-?1y G 51'11- L oak,

1t
0'` t` 13 )C R sl -?L 64R shy-Y`y Q?? II tl 11L
Lo toe c x Nakes
Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Kstosol
Histic Epipedon _ Concretions
High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Soils
_
Sulfidic Odor _
Organic Streaking In Sandy Soils
7 Aquic Moisture Regime ?7 Listed on Local Hydric Soils List
? Reducing Conditions ?Listed on National Hydr(c Soils List
?Gleyed or Low-Chrome Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: 2 ph 2Y` i h .Q ?/ ?" L s B l KJ
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? ® No (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? r-YeDs No O
Hydric Soils Present? a No is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes No
Remarks:
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
0 987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: ea. v er- La.l-?? S r Date: O c-f. a 3 , 14 ??
Applicant/Owner: F_ I i s i s e Sou County: 'S w, o?C.
Investigator: z'• • % s 7v- State: 77E:-
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? TYes No Community ID: S
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? No Transact ID: S
Is the area a potential Problem Area? s No Plot ID: 5-.
(If needed, explain on reverse.) CJr 91'),I--s
r 2.eL O? 1? h pc l l i -?G ; h r-- e_ i 4 3 o - A -D v t ? o ha ? ?i l l 14 56 - 1470
o? 5-l-hi h Uy W? z,,ii.J Hev,--i' Gov, e
VEGETATION U,? far ev, '? t e lo S ?c c c e S s l o h
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
j r ELL - Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
9,
2. ?CL--c.a- ar ?. Q+^b ??4CJ 10.
3. n1T(,,I it tk
MiQ-Jo' ev,6 F01 CL) 11.
_
4.?ttt.t? li 4' VVKeV`VjL t_ qev, CJ 12.
?4 0? Y ? 4. V iv) 10kt t eV-6 F A-W
5 r 13.
"-
6.Rogvt.i aSt\Qo'& C_Q4CL alef FAd J 14.
7.6e-s -dle?8htehs(s y. VU6 _f=/4(_J 15.
s. s?
G?ro??kimh?c Sh?u,b F-)°) (-J 16.
_
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW or FAC
(excluding FAC-).
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
-Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
-Stream. Lake, or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
_ Aerial Photographs _ Inundated
Other -saturated in Upper 12 Inches
_
No Recorded Data Available _ Water Marks
- Drift Lines
-
-sediment Deposits
Field Observations: _.Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
' Secondary indicators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: o h P_ (in.) _ Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches

Depth to Free Water in Pit: OYI Q ?% 3(5,11 (in.) Water-Stained Leaves
-Local Sal Survey Data
FAC-Neutral Test
Depth to Saturated Soil: 1 V O Y? e- Gn.) -Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
AnIl c
Map Unit Name ' t
yN4-
?' sW f v
e Class:
i
s
D
e-
(Series and Phase): v O p
re
n
II ,, I
Taxonomy (Subgroup): V V-- In eel 6 Field Observations
Confirm Mapped Type? as No

Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Conoretions,
inches) Horizon (Munson Moist) &Wnsen Moistl Aburdsnce/Contrast Structure, etc.
I CNR sly-sus,-SIS m ix4 F;ll o-F
? oak sah? ? ?-
.
VV"?e.h F/ l l
t.
/
y

Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Histosol
Histic Epipedon Concretions
_ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy SON*
_
Sulfdic Odor _ organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
_
Aquic Moisture Regime _ Usted on local Hydric Soils List
-
Reducing Conditions _ Listed on National Hydric Soils List
_
- Gleyed or Low-Moms Colors -Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: t t Q? [ S D l I ?1. cah ..t.? a -?('?
1 T 3d
i l•- - 4 70
5
C_
WM AND nETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes (P (Circle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes o ?
Hydric Soils Present? Yes Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? Yes L^J
Remarks: ?v? j i1 S O ?- m x'11 "tens A h >A !X Q? +?? oPe?
Cy-?' i?? ?eT o' i'vt lv2YS
O J L A
? P
i
FCOPHOTOSTATION 1. View of Beaver Lake looking south to
Sanctuary project area. located at inlet in upper central
part of ecophoto.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 2. View looking east along wetland-
upland boundary with Ranunculus septentrionalis OBL) as
dominant herb (Yellow Swamp Buttercup) in wet meadow and
Andropogon virginicus (FAC-) as dominant in upland meadow.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 3. Habit view of Ranunculus septentrionalis
ORL) as dominant herb in wet meadow of Wetland 1.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 4. View of Ranunculus se tentrionalis OBL) as
dominant herb in wet meadow of Wetland 1 with shrub-scrub
inclusions.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 5. Habit view of Ranunculus septentrionalis
OBL) as dominant herb in wet meadow with herb inclusion of
Carex vulpinoidea (OBL).
ECOPHOTOSTATION 6. View of ponded water wetland dominated by
community of Peltandra vireinica (OBL.). This area has
excellent Hatboro hydric soils series.
ECOPHU1UJ1Ai1V1V i. t1uUt,uci vi •• - L ••-_ ?___
dominated by community of Peltandra virginica (OBL).
ECOPHOTOSTATION S. View of Ranunculus septentrionalis OBL) as
dominant herb in wet meadow of Wetland I in ecotonal area
with ponded water wetland dominated by community of Peltandra
virQinica (OBL)•
ECOPHOTOSTATION 9. Habit view of Ranunculus septentrionalis
OBL) and Carex vulpinoidea (OBL) as codominant herbs in wet
meadow community.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 10. Habitat view of Shrub-scrub wetland
dominated by thicket of Acer negundo (FAC+) and Salix sericea
(OBL,).
ECOPHOTOSTATION 12. Another view of Shrub-Scrub-Thicket
community_dominated_by Ulmus rubra (FAC). and Cornus racemosa
= C. foemina (FA(-'W-).
ECOPHOTOSTATION 11. Habit view of Typha latifolia (OBI_)
and Peltandra virQiniaca (OBL in ponded water wetland.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 13. Outlet culvert pipe for discharge of
storm water from strip mall south of project area creating
an intermittent drainageway which represents boundary of
wetland area.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 14. Ecotonal wetland areas along floodplain
of man-created intermittent stream.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 15. Habit view of Viola cucullata (FACW+) on
floodplain of intermittent stream.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 16. Eco.tonal areas of floodplain terrace
along intermittent stream with habit view of Allium canadense
(FACU-) as upland inclusion and Impatiens capensis (FACW) in
seedling stage as wetland dominant.
F,COPHOTOSTATION 17. Floodplain Swamp Forest of intermittent
stream with tree community dominant of Salix nigra (OBL).
ECOPHOTOSTATION 18. Another view of Shrub-Scrub-Thicket
community_dominated_by Cornus racemosa = C. foemina (FACW-).
with fruit - fall ecophoto.
ECOPHOTOSTATION 19. Uplands open field successional sere
community dominated by Andropogon virginicus (FACU-). with
inclusions of FraRa..ria virginiana (FACU-).
_ ECOPHOTOSTATION 20. Uplands open field successional sere
community dominated by Dactvlis Qlomerata (FACU) and
Fragaria virginiana (FACU-).