NC0004308_Fact Sheet_20190702

DEQ/DWR
AMENDED FACT SHEET FOR NPDES PERMIT DEVELOPMENT
NPDES No. NC0004508
Facility Information
Applicant/Facility Name:
Badin Business Park LLC, (formerly Alcoa Inc.)
Applicant Address:
PO Box 576, Badin, NC 28009
Facility Address:
NC Hwy 740 & NCSR 1719, Badin NC
Permitted Flow:
N/A
Type of Waste:
Stormwater, jZoundwater and fire protection water
Facility/Permit Status:
Inactive Industrial Site/Permit Modification
County:
Stanl
Miscellaneous
Receiving Streams:
Badin Lake
UT Little Mountain
Creek
Stream
Classification:
WS-IV B CA (Badin Lake)
WS-1V (UT Little
Mountain Creek
303 d Listed?
Yes
Re final Office:
Mooresville
HUC:
03040103/03040104
Permit Writer:
Qais Banihani
State Grid / USGS Quad:
F18NE, F18NW Badin
& New London, NC
Date:
07/02/2019
SITMMARY
A final NPDES permit was issued for Badin Business Park on September 29, 2017. The final permit was
contested by the permittee and by Concern Citizens of West Badin Community. This draft permit is the
result of negotiations between all parties and includes permit modifications as listed in the settlement
agreement.
RECEIVING STREAMS
Outfalls 002, 011, 012, 013, 020, and 019 discharge to Badin Lake, classified WS-IV, B, CA waters in the
Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin, HUC 03040103. Outfalls 004, 005, 017, 018, and 022 discharge to a UT of
Little Mountain Creek classified as WS-IV waters in the Lake Tillery — Pee Dee River watershed, HUC
03040104.
OUTFALLS DESCRIPTION
Outfall ID
Outfall Description
Receiving Stream
002
Stormwater
Badin Lake
004
Stormwater
UT to Little Mountain Creek
. UT to Little Mountain Creek
005
Groundwater, stormwater and fire
protection water
Oil
Overflow from outfall 012
Badin Lake
012 diffuserprotection
Groundwater, stormwater and fire
water
Badin Lake
013
Stormwater, spring water and
groundwater
Badin Lake
017
Stormwater
UT to Little Mountain Creek
O18 1
Stormwater
UT to Little Mountain Creek
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 1 of 4

Pond overflow from the landfill cover
drainage system collection pond. (No
019
contact with the landfill material)
Badin Lake
020
Stormwater
Badin Lake
022
Stormwater
UT to Little Mountain Creek
MODIFICATIONS/CHANGES TO 2017 FINAL PERMIT PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF
THE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT:
1. Outfalls 018 and 022 were moved to the stormwater section. These two outfalls are stormwater
outfalls collecting surface runoff from the Alcoa-Badin Landfill. The outfalls will be sampled
according to the stormwater sampling protocol.
2. As a condition of the settlement agreement a language was added to A. (5.) for outfall 019 (section
A. (6.) in Final Permit) stating that" If no parameters are detected during the permit cycle this
outfall may be removed from the permit after a public notice process and consideration of public
comments".
3. A footnote was included in section A. (L) for outfall 005 stating that "The Division shall consider
all effluent TRC values reported below 50 µg/ L to be in compliance with the permit. However,
the Permittee shall continue to record and submit all values reported by a North Carolina certified
laboratory (including field certified), even if these values fall below 50 µg/L".
4. The Permittee completed Priority Pollutant Analyses (PPAs) which were received on September 6,
2019 for outfalls 005, 012, 013, 018, and 022 as required in the final permit. No PPA was completed
for outfall 011 due to the fact that it is the overflow for outfall 012. No parameters were detected
in the pollutant scans except a detection for cyanide for outfall 012 which is within permit limits.
Therefore, special condition A. (9), Priority Pollutant Analysis, was removed from the final permit.
5. As a condition of the settlement agreement between Concerned Citizens and Badin Park, Badin
Park agreed to conduct a PPPA within a year of signing the agreement for either outfall 002 or
outfall 004. The Permittee completed the PPA for outfall 004 which was received on March 18,
2019. No parameter was detected in the pollutant scan except Fluoride which is within the permit
limit.
6. Per settlement agreement, Outfall coordinates were revised as follow:
Outfall
Latitude
Longitude
002
350
24'
29.89"
800
6'
54.48"
004
350
24'
11.58"
800
7'
11.38"
005
350 24'
9.25"
800
7'
14.73"
Oil
350
24'
42.59"
800
6'
53.49"
012
350
24'
43.13"
800
6'
50.04"
013
350
24'
50.78"
800
6'
59.26"
017
350
24'
9.04"
800
7'
14.75"
018
350 24'
12.64"
800
7'
34.48"
019
350
24'
46.88"
800
6'
16.53"
020
350
24'
31.45"
800
6'
57.02"
022
350
24'
7.45"
800
7'
23.99"
7. The special condition describing instream monitoring requirements was removed from the permit.
The sampling described in the special condition will be performed under the approved Investigative
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 2 of 4

Work Plan for the Phase 4 and 5 Corrective Measures Study, Alcoa/Badin Landfill, and Former
Ball Field approved by the Division of Waste Management on January 31, 2018.
A Cormix dilution model was completed for outfall 012 and limits were implemented based on the
resulting dilution.
Model setup:
The existing discharge structure consists of a 2-inch pipe, extending 300 feet from shore
terminating in a 1.5-inch single port, oriented upward. The outlet is 18 in from the bottom of the
lake. Average depth at the discharge location is 21 ft.
To estimate the discharge, rate pump records were examined. There are two pumps that can operate
to pump the collected water. Usually only one pump operates, the second pump operates in periods
of heavy rainfall. The model was run conservatively using the flow for two pumps running. With
one pump running, the rate of discharge is 35 gpm (0.05 mgd). With two pumps running, the
discharge is 42 gpm (0.06 mgd). Although the discharge is not continuous the model is run as a
continuous discharge, which is a conservative approach.
Both summer and winter conditions were evaluated. Since there is minimum water movement in
the lake, a minimum ambient velocity of 0.01 m/s (0.032 ft/s) was assumed.
Results:
The difference in temperature in summer and winter resulted in two different flow regimes. In the
summer the lake is stratified and the plume does not reach the surface. In the winter the plume rises
to the surface.
Water quality samples were obtained for cyanide, fluoride and TCE for background
characterization. Values were less than detection in the background samples outside of the mixing
zone.
Acute dilution:
EPA guidance in the Technical Support Document was followed to determine the size of the acute
mixing zone.
The most restrictive condition from the following conditions determines the distance to meet the
acute standard:
Meet the acute criterion at the most restrictive of the following conditions:
(a.) 10% of the distance from the outfall structure to the regulatory mixing zone
(b) 50 times the discharge length scale in any special direction
(c.) 5 times the local water depth in any horizontal direction from any discharge outlet.
The most restrictive condition above is b. resulting in a distance of 1.69 in. Summer and winter
simulation gave similar results. The design of the diffuser is pointing vertically up, so the trajectory
of the plume is vertical in the first few meters. For both summer and winter simulations the plume
is still vertically rising at 1.69 meters without much horizontal spreading.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 3 of 4

Acute Allowable Concentrations
Distance from
outfall
Plume
direction
Dilution
IWC
Daily Max
1.69 in (5.5 ft)
Vertical (z)
6.12
16 %
Cyanide
285 µg/1
Fluoride
146 mg/l
TCE*
121 x 1.5 = 181.5 µg/l
*TCE — as recommended by the EPA the daily max for TCE is calculated by multiplying the monthly
average limit by 1.5.
Chronic dilution:
The chronic mixing zone is established on a case by case basis. The Division proposes to establish a mixing
zone with a radius of 5.6 in from the diffuser. The direction of flow in the lake can vary due to wind or
seasonal variations in flow; therefore, the plume can travel in different directions. The end of the near field
region will be the basis for chronic mixing zone because this is the area where the mixing is dominated by
the initial momentum imparted by the outfall geometry. Mixing beyond this point is controlled by ambient
conditions. The assumed ambient velocity was not field verified; therefore, the near field will be used to
establish the chronic mixing zone.
Chronic Allowable Concentrations
Distance from
outfall
Plume
direction
Dilution
IWC
Monthly Average
5.6 in (18 ft)
Horizontal (x)
48.4
2%
Cvanide
242 l
Fluoride
87 mg/1
TCE
121 /l
Proposed Limits — Outfall 012
Effluent Parameter
Monthly Average
Daily Maximum
Total Cyanide
242 1
285 ILg1l
TCE
121 1
181.5 1
Instream Sampling:
Sampling should be established outside of the boundary of the mixing zone at the surface and at depth of
approximately 3.5 meters. Three sampling location outside of the mixing zone are proposed: 20 feet from
the diffuser on a parallel line projected from the diffuser, 20 feet from the diffuser on a perpendicular line
projected from the diffuser (oriented SE) and 20 feet from the diffuser on a perpendicular line projected
from the diffuser (oriented NW).
PUBLIC NOTICE SCHEDULE:
Permit to Public Notice: May 16, 2019
The Division will receive comments for a period of 30 days following the publication date of the public
notice. Any request for a public hearing shall be submitted to the Director within the 30 days comment
period indicating the interest of the party filing such request and the reasons why a hearing is warranted.
An electronic copy of the draft permit was sent to US EPA Region 4, Mooresville Regional Office,
Wastewater Operator Certification Group, Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Public Water Supply Regional
Engineer, Hazardous Waste Section and Stormwater Section/ DEMLR. No comments were received.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 4 of 4

ROY COOPER
Governor
MICHAEL S. REGAN
seaw-Y
LINDA CULPEPPER
Mredor
MEMORANDUM
NORTH
Qra ft
May 16, 2019
To: Clinton Cook
NC DEQ / DWR / PWS Regional Engineer
Mooresville Regional Office
From: Qais Banihani
919-707-3607
NPDES Unit
Subject: Review of Draft NPDES Permit NC0004308
Badin Business Park LLC
Stanly County
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the draft permit and return this form
by June 15, 2019. If you have any questions on the draft permit, please feel free to contact me at
the telephone number shown above.
RESPONSE: (Check one)
]}� Concur with the issuance of this permit provided the facility is operated and maintained
V `1 properly, the stated effluent limits are met prior to discharge, and the discharge does not
contravene the designated water quality standards.
0 Concurs with issuance of the above permit, provided the following conditions are met:
1-1 Opposes the issuance of the above permit, based on reasons stated below, or attached:
14Nth Camb aDepartroMt -(6mq onart-real I Dla "ofWaterRemams
NarthS*ft"Street 176r/Mafl&VvJceCkntw I Korth ZM9-1617
919.707.3601

Signed Date: 5/20 l20 l
Page 2 of 2

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REASONABLE POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
Pall
'ECIAL
ifae `P+UTE SPEG
:oar-
Copper
vaJUVs' � 'cof
fats
. Maximum data
points - $E
Date Data
BDL=1/2DL Results
1
Sid Dev.
NO DATA
2
Mean
NO DATA
3
C.V.
NO DATA
4
n
0
5
6
Mult Factor =
N/A
Ng/L 7
Max. Value
N/A ug/L
Ng/L 8
Max. Pred Cw
N/A ugA
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Par12
Wo'PASTE SF
r
Cyanide
Val °1, "1 A •,
w'Rai Imum <
poiYd9 . 6
_
Date Data
BDL=1/2DL
Results
1
88.
88
Std Dev.
_
5a.5180
2
130.
130
Mean
58.78
3
110.
110
C.V.
0.9104
4
79.
79
n
51
5
120.
120
6
80.
80
Mult Factor =
1.05
7
36.
36
Max. Value
280.0
8
30.
30
Max. Pred Cw
294.0
9
150.
150
10
68.
68
11
31.
31
12
37.
37
13
38.
38
14
45.
45
15
15.
15
16
21.
21
17
41.
41
18
17.
17
19
12.
12
20
< 5.
5
21
14
14
22
5
5
23
41
41
24
30
30
25
89
89
26
45
45
27
41
41
28
52
52
29
37
37
30
72
72
31
68
68
32
54
54
33
51
51
34
48
48
35
41
41
36
36
36
37
44
44
38
37
37
39
40
40
40
< 5
5
41
10
10
42
250
250
43
5.9
5
44
280
280
45
120
120
46
52
52
47
49
49
48
58
58
49
59
59
50
51
51
51
61
61
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
-7-
RPA 012 chronic dilution cormix, data
6/27/2019

REASONABLE POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
Par13
Par14
Use'PASt SF
Fluoride
'Gorr
Lead
Wwos" rAn -:
dsrs
aaaram� r
Sb
70.83377
poensa - !
Date
Data
BDL=1/2DL
Results
Date
BDL=112DL Results
1
3.7
3.7
Std Dev.
1
Std Dev.
NO DATA
2
7.9
7.9
Mean
2
Mean
NO DATA
3
2.7
2.7
C.V.
3
C.V.
NO DATA
4
11.
11
n
4
n
0
5
22.
22
56
6.
6
MuttFactor =
6
Mult Factor =
N/A
ug/L 7
14.
14
Max. Value
mg/l
7
Max. Value
NIA
ug/L 8
11.
11
Max. Fred Cw
mg/I
8
Max. Pred Cw
NIA
9
9.7
9.7
9
10
7.
7
10
11
16.
16
11
12
29
29
12
13
7.6
7.6
13
14
11
11
14
15
4.1
4.1
15
16
4.1
4.1
16
17
7
7
17
18
5.4
5.4
18
19
4.9
4.9
19
20
4.8
4.8
20
21
2.3
2.3
21
22
5.5
5.5
22
23
16
16
23
24
25
25
24
25
6.1
6.1
25
26
3.3
3.3
26
27
7.3
7.3
27
28
2.4
2.4
28
29
5.2
5.2
29
30
3.3
3.3
30
31
3.9
3.9
31
32
3.4
3.4
32
33
4.3
4.3
33
34
3.7
3.7
34
35
15
15
35
36
11
11
36
37
36
36
37
38
22
22
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58
RPA 012 chronic dilution cwrmix, data
- 8 - 6/27/2019

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TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
DATE: April 5, 2018
3 Innwood Circle, Suite 220- Little Rock, AR 72211- [phone]- Fax [phone]
TO: Ms. Robyn Gross
Badin Business Park LLC
FROM: Philip Massirer t ''"
FTN Associates, Ltd.
SUBJECT: Study Plan for Badin Park Outfal1012 Mixing Zone Analysis
FTN No. R06010-1805-001
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This document outlines the proposed approach for developing an updated mixing zone analysis for
Outfall 012 at the Badin Business Park (`Kadin Park") facility as required in Special Condition C(7)(a)
of the facility's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit (NC0004308) that
was issued September 29, 2017. This analysis is required to address current discharge rates,
background concentrations in the receiving water, and other relevant factors.
2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Badin Business Park LLC (`BBP") owns a facility located in Badin, NC that operated as an aluminum
smelter facility until it ceased operations in July 2007. Although process water is no longer generated
at the site, the 2017 NPDES permit authorizes the discharge of fire protection waters, groundwater,
and stormwater through Outfall 012.
Outfall 012 discharges into a cove of Badin Lake (see Figure 1). Water to be discharged is collected in
a sump and then pumped through a 2 inch pipe to a single port diffuser approximately 300 ft from the
shoreline near the bottom of the water column (see Figure 2). The diffuser consists of a single 1.5 inch
diameter port that points upward, extending 18 inches above the pipeline (see Figure 3). At normal
lake level, the water is approximately 21 ft deep at the diffuser location.
Water is normally pumped out of the sump and to the diffuser at a rate of 35 gpm, except during large
or intense storms when both pumps are activated, which increases the total pumping rate to 42 gpm.
During non -storm conditions, water enters the sump at a rate that is typically less than 1 gpm.
Therefore, pumping to the diffuser during non storm conditions is iptermittent, with each short period
of pumping followed by a long period without pumping.

Ms. Robyn Gross
April 5, 2018
Page 2
Figure 1. Location of the Badin Park facility and Outfall 012.

Ms. Robyn Gross
April 5, 2018
Page 3
312't 300'
SUMPII IJ
COVE OF BADIN LAKE +++
2" PIPE N
SINGLE PORT DIFFUSER— 00
POINTED UPWARD 1.5"
DIAMETER
Figure 2. General layout of sump, pipeline, and diffuser for Out fall 012.
Figure 3. Photograph of diffuser prior to installation in cove of Badin Lake.

Ms. Robyn Gross
April 5, 2018
Page 4
In the Badin Park facility's 2017 NPDES permit, the effluent limits for Outfall 012 are based on critical
dilutions of 26:1 (instream waste concentration of 3.8%) to .protect from chronic toxicity and 14:1
(instream waste concentration of 7.0%) to protect from acute toxicity. According to a Fact Sheet dated
October 6, 2015, these dilutions were based on CORMIX modeling developed in 1994 (i.e., before
operations ceased at the facility) by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) Division of Water Resources (DWR). Due to the current absence of process water, Outfall
012 generally discharges less water now than when the DWR developed its CORMIX modeling.
3.0 PROPOSED APPROACH FOR MIXING ZONE ANALYSIS
The first task for the mixing zone analysis will be to characterize critical conditions for mixing of the
Outfall 012 discharge into the cove of Badin Lake. Available effluent flow data for Outfall 012 will be
compiled and reviewed, along with relevant information for the sump and its pumps. This information
will be used to estimate the duration of the pumping / non -pumping cycle at the sump under different
hydrologic conditions.
The CORMIX model will be considered for use in this mixing zone analysis, but it may not be
appropriate because it is a steady state model that assumes a continuous discharge. An alternative that
will be considered is using the three-dimensional advective dispersion equation to calculate dilution
ratios at varying distances from the diffuser over time as a result of multiple (repetitive). instantaneous
slugs of effluent over a specified duration of time. The selection of a specific method(s) for calculating
dilution will depend on the duration of the pumping / non -pumping cycle and the calculated length of
time that it takes to reach steady state conditions in the mixing zone.
Water samples will be collected in the Badin Lake cove approximately 800 ft away from the diffuser
at mid -depth (for background conditions), approximately 55 ft from the diffuser at mid -depth, and at
MZL Each sample will be analyzed for total cyanide, total fluoride, trichloroethylene, and pH.
Sampling location MZ1 is defined in the 2017 NPDES permit as "5 feet from the diffuser on a parallel
line projected from the diffuser", which is being interpreted by BBP as 5 ft directly above the diffuser.
Sampling results from location MZ1 and from the sampling location 55 ft from the diffuser will be
compared with predicted dilution values to make sure the predicted values are reasonable.
The size of the mixing zone will be based on guidance in Section 4.3.3 of EPA's Technical Support
Document for Water Quality -Based Toxics Control, dated March 1991 (EPA/505/2-90-001). This
guidance provides several alternatives for determining the size of a mixing zone. One of those
alternatives states that criteria for acute toxicity should be met within the following distance from the
discharge point (whichever is most restrictive):
10 percent of the distance from the outfall to the edge of the mixing zone,
50 times the discharge length scale (discharge length scale is defined as the square root of
the cross -sectional area of the discharge port), or
5 times the local water depth.

Ms. Robyn Gross
April 5, 2018
Page 5
With a local water depth of 21 ft and a discharge port diameter of 1.5 inches, this guidance results in a
requirement to meet criteria related to acute toxicity at a distance of 5.5 ft from the diffuser. Combining
this with the requirement in the first bullet, the edge of the mixing zone (where criteria related to
chronic toxicity must be met) will be 55 ft from the diffuser.
The results of the mixing zone analysis will be documented in a technical memorandum or report that
includes the data and information that were used, the characterization of critical conditions, the
assumptions and inputs to the modeling/calculations, and the results.
If you have any questions regarding this technical memorandum, or require any additional information,
please do not hesitate to contact me or Nathan Siria at [phone].
PHM/dlc
R:IWP,FILESW6010-1805-0011CORRESPONDENCEITM-R GROSS 2018-04-051TM•R GROSS STUDY PLAN FOR BADIN MIXING 2018-04-05 DOCXA�g9

Fluoride: An Overview of North Carolina's Standard Development -
March 2001
Introduction
North Carolina's current fluoride surface water quality standard of 1.8 mg/L was adopted in
1979. This standard has been applied to several mine discharges in the Appalachian Mountains
especially along the North Toe River near Spruce Pine. Fluoride in the form of hydrofluoric acid
is used to separate feldspar from mica. Other actual and potential sources of fluoride pollution
include aluminum and phosphate fertilizer manufacturing and uranium processing.
Recently the origins of the fluoride standard have been questioned. This report reviews the
development and subsequent review of the fluoride standard, as well as provides additional
information on fluoride uses and background concentrations.
Chemistry & Occurrence in Surface Waters
The term fluoride properly refers to numerous natural and synthesized compounds that are
derived from hydrofluoric acid. This class of chemicals is commonly referred to as fluorides.
Some of these compounds, such as oxygen difluoride, are very reactive and highly toxic.
Fluoride salts, such as sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride, are much less reactive and much
less toxic.
Numerous different fluoride compounds exist naturally in the environment and have varying
chemical properties. However, the fluoride ion is the toxicologically active agent within this
group of compounds. Most literature on fluoride toxicity concerns sodium fluoride. Additional
toxicity literature is available on some other forms of fluoride, such as stannous fluoride.
Fluoride has a low bioaccumulative potential that is reflected in its relatively high
acute:chronic ratio,(20). Bioaccumulation in carp has been reported to range from 9 o 32 L/kg
and in molluscs the ranges are from 11 to 85 L/kg. Bioaccumulation factors greater than 100
L/kg are considered to be of concern. Most fluoride enters the bones or skin where it is relatively
inaccessible and unavailable to the organism and to other organisms that may eat the organism.
Natural background levels of fluoride are low in North Carolina waters. Simmons and Heath'
studied water quality in undisturbed streams throughout the state to characterize background
concentrations of various elements. Fluoride concentrations ranged from <0.1 (detection level) to
0.5 mg/L with mean values ranging from <0.1 to 0.2 mg/L around the state. An "average"
background level of about 0.1 mg/L was indicated and no differences were apparent among
different regions of the state.
There is some data that indicates that hardness may have an impact on the toxicity of the
fluoride ion2; however it is insufficient to develop a hardness -based standard for fluoride. A
quick literature search in 2001 did not provide sufficient additional data to allow recalculation of
the standard based on use of EPA's standard aquatic life or hardness equation. The search found
nine research papers related to fluoride toxicity. Data from those papers has not been reviewed
for acceptability per EPA guidance. However, the reported LC50s and EC5os were at or slightly
lower than the ranges found by the Division in 1986.

Uses
In North Carolina, the freshwater fluoride standard has been applied to several mine
discharges in the mountains. These mines use hydrofluoric acid to separate feldspar from mica.
The impact of their discharges on fluoride concentrations, sediment and pH has been a concern.
Fluorides are also used in the microelectronics industry, aluminum and phosphate fertilizer
manufacturing and uranium processing.
Standard Development
The current standard of 1.8 mg/L was developed in 1977 using an acute:chronic ratio of 20
and a final acute values (FAV) of 36.1 mg/L. The FAV was modified to protect rainbow trout. In
1986, the Division reviewed the fluoride '(F) standard.3
At that time, a total of 81 references on the freshwater toxicity of fluoride were located.
Acutely toxic levels (96-hr LC50's) at water hardness of 1.7 to 200 mg/1 as CaCO3 ranged from
925 mg/L F (Gambusia afnis) to 20 mg/L F (brown trout fry).
Based on available data at that time, the final acute value would have been 15.6 mg/L F with
trout and 47.9 m F without trout and the acute:chronic ratio would be between 4 to 2. The
resultant standards would have been between 3.9 and 7.8 mg/L F for trout waters and 12 and 24
mg/L F for non -trout waters. These values were considered to be approximations due to a lack of
acute data (three additional species were needed to meet EPA guide1 1 4).
These findings were presented to EPA for their review. Based on the guidelines for deriving
water quality criteria, EPA indicated that in order to modify the standard five additional studies
(four acute and one chronic) were necessary. After taking into consideration EPA's response, the
Division decided to keep the 1.8 mg/L standard until more chronic (and selected acute) data
became available. Another review conducted by Shealy Environmental Services5 for Feldspar
Corporation, Indusmiri, Inc., and Unimin Corporation made the same recommendation based on
the need for additional toxicity and environmental data.
Current Research
As noted in the Chemistry discussion, a quick literature search resulted in some additional
data. A study by Camargo and La Point (1995)6 presented 96 hr LC50S for five net -spinning
caddisflies. The data presented for the caddisflies would have resulted in two additional genus
mean FAVs of 24.8 and 38.3 mg/L. While there still appears to be insufficient data to recalculate
the fluoride standard per EPA guidance, these FAVs, if used to recalculate the standard, would
have resulted in an FAV of 14 mg/L. This value is close to the 15.6 mg/L used for the original
calculations.
This review should not be considered sufficient to determine if recalculation of the fluoride
standard is warranted. It is only intended to provide a more current perspective on the standard.

' Simmons, CE and RC Heath. 1982. Water -quality characteristics of streams in forested and
rural areas of North Carolina. Geological Survey Water -Supply Paper 2185. USGS, Raleigh, NC.
2 Division of Environmental Management. 1986. North Carolina Water Quality Standards
Documentation: Toxicity of Fluoride to Freshwater Biota. Report No. 86-01.
3 Ibid.
4 EPA. 1985. Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the
Protection of Aquatic
5 Shealy Environmental Services, Inc. 1987. Toxicity of fluoride to selected freshwater
organisms with recommendations on fluoride water quality criteria for the state of North
Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina.
6 Camargo, JA and TW La Point. 1995. Fluoride toxicity to aquatic life: A proposal of safe
concentrations for five species of palearctic freshwater invertebrates. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 29(2):159-163.

Division of Water Quality
Planning Section
Date: 8/1/2007
To: Connie Brower
From: Nikki Remington
RE: Fluoride standard re -calculation
The current North Carolina surface water standard for the protection of aquatic life from Fluoride
toxicity is 1.8 mg/L. This standard was adopted by the state in 1979. The Fluoride standard was
recalculated in September of 2006 in order to account for new data sources that had become
available. The recalculated value for the Fluoride standard was determined to be 0.63 mg/L.
This value was never adopted as it was determined that additional data was needed to fulfill the
requirements set forth in the EPA's document "Guidelines for Deriving Numerical Water Quality
Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" (Stephan et al., 1985). After
reviewing the Fluoride data used in the 2006 calculation I determined another recalculation was
needed, as new sources of data on Fluoride toxicity were again available.
The 2006 Fluoride recalculation was based on data gathered from ECOTOX and three other
supplementary sources, including a NCDEM Report and two peer reviewed journal articles. All
of these sources were utilized in the current recalculation with some adjustments made to
account for changes in data availability and interpretation. Currently, ECOTOX has removed
some of the data used in the 2006 calculation from the database and new sources have also been
added. Data from 2006 that no longer appears on ECOTOX was not included in the new
recalculation. New ECOTOX sources were added to the calculation if they were deemed
appropriate. Data from the NCDEM report and journal articles was also used in the calculation
when applicable. Some species were removed from the 2006 data set (such as the Mayfly and
Midge, which both had data derived from toxicity tests that didn't meet the federal guidelines for
standards development) while other species were added (such as the caddisfly, Cheumatopsyche
pettiti, which was originally determined to be a European species but was found to actually have
populations throughout North America).
After making the adjustments to the 2006 data set that I thought would best fulfill the
requirements for aquatic life standards development as set forth in the federal guidelines, I
calculated the new Fluoride standard value to be 0.695 mg/L for the protection of freshwater
aquatic life. However, there is still a need for finh&-dra sources to fully comply with the data
requirements as they are stated in the federal guidelines. Specifically, acute -chronic ratios are
needed for three different families of aquatic organisms, including a fish, an invertebrate and
another family that has been shown to be acutely sensitive to Fluoride. Currently a default safety
factor of 0.05 has been used as a substitute for these needed ratios. Until these additional acute
and chronic studies have been conducted, it would appear to be reasonable for North Carolina to
maintain it's current Fluoride freshwater aquatic life "standard of 1.8 mg/L (although it should be
noted that the current standard may be slightly underprotective of aquatic life based on the
existing data).

V l - --
Current gecalcu a Water Quality standards
Used for 1986 North Carolina
Ltefereuees ement (DE ort No. 86-01.
1 uor
Division of Environmentaloxicity. of Fluo de to Freshwater Biota• ep Endangered Unionid Mussel,
Documentation. T o Fluoride to the To col. 74:242
er. 2005. Toxicity f Bull. Environ. Contam
T Augspan ate Species. Ater
d d Surrogate Keller, A•E• an eneliana �
Alasmidonta rav 'Aqueous and Sediment -Associated Fluoride to res
2003. Toxicity o
et al. 22(1): 161-166. Brungs• 1985, Guidelines
Metcalfe -Smith Toxicol. Chen' Chapman and W.A. organisms and
organisms- Env Gentile, Gentile, G.A.A uatic org
J ganse% J•H• or the ProtecTi gfoeldgVA.
D.I. Mount, D ality Criteria f
Stephan, C.E., ation Service, Sp stem•
r Deriving NumericalN ati o Water
Inform Database Sy
.for 85-2270 COTOXicology
Their Uses. PB 2006. ECOTOX User Guide'
mental
Agency- Accessed July
enrol Protection epa govlecotoxl [
LJ S. Environm
Version 4.0• Available: http:
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
Concerned Citizens of West Badin Community,
Petitioner,
V.
North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality, Division of Water Resources,
Respondent.
IN THE OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS
17 EHR 07296
County of Stanly
Badin Business Park LLC, )
Petitioner, )
V. ) 17 EHR 07316
County of Wake
Division of Water Resources, North Carolina )
Department of Environmental Quality, )
Respondent. )
SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
Petitioner Badin Business Park LLC (`Kadin Park' ), Petitioner Concerned Citizens of
West Badin Community ("Concerned Citizens"), and Respondent North Carolina Department of
Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources ("DWR" or "Respondent") (collectively the
"Parties") hereby enter into this Settlement Agreement ("Agreement") in order to resolve matters
in controversy between them pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 150B-31(b).
1

RECITALS
1. These consolidated matters arose out of DWR's issuance of NPDES wastewater
discharge permit renewal number NC0004308 ("Permit') to Badin Park on September 29, 2017.
2. The Permit authorizes the discharge of contaminated groundwater, stormwater, and
fire protection water from Badin Park's facility located at NC Hwy. 740 & NCSR 1719, Stanly
County, NC (`Kadin Business Park'). The Badin Business Park, formerly Alcoa Badin Works, in
Stanly County is an inactive industrial site that was once the location of an aluminum smelting
plant that operated between 1916 and 2002. Badin Park is redeveloping the property for future
industrial uses.
3. Although industrial operations have ceased at the site, previous activities at the site
resulted in contamination of the soil and groundwater, and contribute to the discharge ofpollutants
of concern in stormwater and groundwater which drain from the site through permitted outfalls to
Badin Lake and an unnamed tributary to Little Mountain Creek in the Yadkin River Basin. Due
to the need to incorporate effluent limitations and monitoring requirements for certain outfalls, the
challenged Permit was developed as a combined NPDES wastewater and stormwater permit.
4. In issuing the Permit, DWR removed a schedule of compliance that had been
included in the draft permit. The schedule of compliance would have given Badin Park three years
from the date of issuance of the Permit in which to comply with the cyanide and fluoride limits
contained in the Permit.
5. On October 27, 2017, Badin Park and Concerned Citizens each filed Petitions for a
Contested Case Hearing ("Petitions') in the Office ofAdministrative Hearings challenging various
aspects of the Permit.

6. The cover letter accompanying the Permit notes that Badin Park may pursue a
Special Order by Consent ("SOC"), pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-215.2 and regulations set
forth at 15A NCAC 2H .1206, to address concerns with the schedule of compliance with applicable
water quality limitations. On July 2, 2018, Badin Park forwarded to DWR an application for an
SOC that would address a schedule for attaining compliance with certain effluent limitations at
Outfall 005, and the work that it would require. The parties exchanged different versions of a draft
SOC, and on August 31, 2018, Badin Park mailed to DWR a signed copy of a proposed SOC.
Among other things, the proposed SOC provided a schedule for attaining compliance with the
above referenced effluent limitations by December 31, 2018, required Badin Park to construct a
new stormwater system, provide financial assurance for construction of that system, and to pay
stipulated penalties for noncompliance with the terms of the SOC.
7. On September 27, 2018, a public notice for public comment regarding the proposed
SOC was published in the Stanley News & Press. As stated in the notice, the comment period on
the proposed SOC expired on October 30, 2018. No comments were received on the proposed
SOC, which had not been signed by DWR pending further development of the settlement reflected
herein.
8. In November, 2018, Badin Park advised Concerned Citizens and DWR that due to
a number of factors it would not be able to meet the schedule for attaining compliance set forth in
the proposed SOC. The parties began negotiating an amended SOC, which sets forth a July 31,
2019 date for attaining compliance with the above referenced effluent limitations at Outfall 005.
Among other things, the amended SOC requires Badin Park to complete construction of the new
stormwater system, and, like the earlier proposed SOC, to provide financial assurance for
3

construction of that system, and to pay stipulated penalties for noncompliance with the terms of
the amended SOC. The amended SOC is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
9. 1 Badin Park submitted Priority Pollutant Analyses (PPA) for Outfalls 005, 012, 013,
018, and 022 to DWR with its discharge monitoring report (DMR) for the month of August 2018
and its amended DMR for the month of May 2018. Copies of the results of those PPAs have been
provided to counsel for Concerned Citizens.
10. Following named storm Florence in September 2018, Badin Park collected samples
from Outfall 019 overflow which were analyzed for Flow, Total Suspended Solids, Aluminum,
Fluoride, Cyanide, and pH.
11. Following named storm Michael, on October 12, 2018, -Badin Park photographed
Outfalls 002, 004, 017, 018, 020, and 022. Outfalls 002 and 004 had sufficient flow to collect an
overflow effluent sample; those samples have been analyzed for cyanide (CN) and fluoride (F).
There was no (zero) flow from outfalls 017, 018, 020 and 022 on October 12, 2018.
12. On March 17, 2019, Badin Park provided counsel for DWR and Concerned Citizens
with a PPA for Outfall 004.
13. DWR has reviewed the results of the PPA's referenced above and has concluded
that no modifications to the Permit are required based on the results of the PPA's.
AGREEMTNT
Without any hearing of fact or law in the above styled matter, IT IS THEREFORE
AGREED BY THE PARTIES THAT:
1. All parties have been correctly designated and there is no question as to misjoinder
or non joinder.
4

2. Within 15 days of execution of this agreement, DWR will issue a draft permit for
public notice with the following modifications:
a. DWR will modify Sections A.(5.), A.(7.) and B.(L)l of the Permit to move
Outfalls 018 and 022 from Sections A. to Section B., given that Outfalls 018
and 022 discharge only stormwater.
b. DWR will include a footnote in Section A(6) of the Permit to reflect that, after
additional data on Outfall 019 has been collected during this permit cycle, DWR
will consider whether to remove Outfall 019 from the Permit. DWR will
provide public notice, including specifically notifying Concerned Citizens via
email and U.S.P.S. to its undersigned counsel and to its President, and will
consider public comments before making any final decision on whether to
remove Outfall 019 from the Permit.
c. DWR will include a footnote in Section A(1) of the Permit stating: "The
Division shall consider all effluent TRC values reported below 50 µg/ L to be
in compliance with the permit. However, the Permittee shall continue to record
and submit all values reported by a North Carolina certified laboratory
(including field certified), even if these values fall below 50 µg/ L."
d. DWR will remove Section A.(9.)(a) of the Permit for the following reasons:
i. Badin Park has completed and submitted the results of PPA for Outfalls
004, 005, 012, 013, 018, and 022 to DWR and counsel for Concerned
Citizens.
1 The references to numbered sections of the Permit set forth in this Settlement Agreement refer to the sections as
they are numbered in the September 29, 2017 Permit that was the subject of the two contested cases settled herein.
Because certain sections in the September 29, 2017 Permit will be removed and no longer included in the draft
permit, certain section numbers in the draft permit will differ from those in the September 29, 2017 Permit.
5

ii. Outfall 11 is the overflow for Outfall 12 and does not require a separate
PPA.
e. Based on the updated mixing zone analysis submitted by Badin Park, DWR will
modify Section A.(3.) of the Permit by inserting the following limits for Outfall
012:
Effluent Parameter Monthly Average Daily Maximum
rTCE
l Cyanide 242 µg/l 285 µg/1
121 µg/l 181.5 µg/l
Additionally, DWR will modify Section C.(7.) of the Permit by inserting
instream sampling requirements around the mixing zone at three locations, and
with a note that samples are to be collected at those locations at the surface and
at a depth of approximately 3.5 meters.
f. DWR will revise outfall coordinates for Table 1 in accordance with the
corrected copy of those coordinates attached hereto as Exhibit B.
g. DWR will remove Section A.(8.) of the Permit in light of the fact that Badin
Park has committed to conduct similar monitoring under the supervision of
DWM in connection with Badin Park's RCRA corrective action, and the results
of such monitoring will be shared with DWR in accordance with the reporting
schedule outlined in the April 2018 investigation work plan.
3. Neither Concerned Citizens nor Badin Park shall oppose issuance of the amended
SOC or the modified permit issued in accordance with this Settlement Agreement. A draft.
version of the modified permit is attached hereto as Exhibit C.
6

4. DWR will provide public notice of the amended SOC pursuant to 15A NCAC 2H
.1203. After conclusion of the public process, DWR will take final action on the SOC.
5. Within ten days of issuance of a final version of the modified permit or the SOC,
consistent with the terms of this Settlement Agreement, whichever comes later, Concerned
Citizens and Badin Park shall voluntarily dismiss their respective Petitions.
6. This Agreement is entered into solely for the purpose of resolving this dispute and
avoiding the cost and delay of further litigation.
7. The Parties agree that the consideration for this settlement is the promises
contained herein and that this Agreement contains the whole agreement between DEQ and the
other parties.
8. This Agreement is entered into knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily and shall
be binding upon the parties, their successors and assigns, upon execution by the undersigned,
who represent and warrant that they are authorized to enter into this Agreement on behalf of the
parties hereto.
For Badin Business Park LLC:
Date

For the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality:
J
ty°mI Re5pu/Y6S Date
k*Ff 4!41 f' �"e(/h i�lr SeG't'ion C� i Q{
J

For Concerned Citizens of West Badin Community:
May 3, 2019
Date
9

EXHIBIT A
Special Order By Consent
EMC SOC WQ S 18-010

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
COUNTY OF STANLY
IN THE MATTER OF
NORTH CAROLINA )
NPDES PERMIT NC0004308 )
HELD BY )
BADIN BUSINESS PARK LLC )
SPECIAL ORDER BY CONSENT
EMC SOC WQ S18-010
Pursuant to provisions of North Carolina General Statutes (G.S.) 143-215.2 and 143-215.67, this
Special Order by Consent is entered into by Badin Business Park LLC, hereinafter referred to as
Badin Park, and the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, an agency of the
State of North Carolina created by G.S. 143B-282, and hereinafter referred to as the
Commission. Badin Park and the Commission are referred to hereafter collectively as the
"Parties".
1. Badin Park and the Commission hereby stipulate the following:
a. Badin Park holds North Carolina NPDES permit number NC0004308 issued
September 29, 2017 (the "Permit")' for the discharge of wastewater
(contaminated groundwater), stormwater, and fire protection water from Badin
Park's facility located at NC Hwy. 740 & NCSR 1719, Stanly County, NC
(`Badin Business Park") to an unnamed tributary to Little Mountain Creek and
Badin Lake (Yadkin River), Class WS-IV and WS-1V CA & B waters,
respectively, of the state in the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin.
b. Badin Park is unable to consistently comply with the monthly average and daily
maximum effluent limits for total cyanide, and the monthly average effluent
limits for total fluoride set forth in the Permit for Outfall 005. This Special Order
by Consent ("Special Order") addresses issues related to compliance with these
effluent limits.
c. Compliance with the monthly average fluoride limit and the daily maximum and
monthly average cyanide limits at Outfall 005 in the permit will require the design
and construction of a stormwater piping system upgrade at the Badin Business
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources ("DWR") anticipates
modifying the Permit to address matters unrelated to the total cyanide and total fluoride effluent limits for Outfall 005.
Those effluent limits remain the same in the draft modified permit which DWR expects to issue in final form in 2019
after complying with public notice requirements. At the expiration of this Special Order, Badin Park will be required
to comply with the effluent limits for Outfall 005 set forth in either the Permit as issued on September 29, 2017, or the
modified Permit, whichever is in effect at the expiration of this Special Order. References to the "Permit" throughout
this Special Order shall refer to the Permit as issued on September 29, 2017 or the modified Permit.

Badin Business Park LLC
EMC SOC WQ S18-010
Page 2 of 6
Park, which can be performed without further permitting in accordance with the
existing permit and this Special Order.
d. Noncompliance with final effluent limits constitutes causing and contributing to
pollution of the waters of this State named above, and Badin Park is within the
jurisdiction of the Commission as set forth in G.S. Chapter 143, Article 21.
e. Badin Park has secured financing for planning, design, and construction of a
stormwater piping system upgrade which, once constructed and operated, will be
sufficient to achieve compliance with the final effluent limits in the Permit.
2. Badin Park, desiring to comply with the Permit hereby agrees to the do the following:
a. Undertake the following activities in accordance with the indicated time schedule:
Scheduled Activi(v Due Date
Complete the specification to optimize the newly installed
piping system upgrade — to include improved plugging of the February 28, 2019
former storm drains to isolate old system, and improvements to (Met)
stormwater collection drainage aths.
Complete the construction of the Badin Business Park piping April 30, 2019
syste_ _m upgrade.. Met
Attain compliance with the final efiluent limitations in the
Permit. I July 31, 2019
b. Badin Park will comply with all terms and conditions of the Permit except those
effluent limits identified in paragraph 1(b) above. See Attachment A for all current
monitoring requirements and effluent limits for Outfall 005. Badin Park may also
be required to monitor for other parameters, as deemed necessary by the Director,
in future permits or administrative letters. Badin Park shall comply with the
interim effluent limits for total fluoride and total cyanide at Outfall 005 as listed in
the table below until the deadline for attaining final compliance with the final
effluent limitations in the Permit. Badin Park shall attain compliance with the final
effluent limitations in the Permit as listed in the table below by July 31, 2019.
Under this Special Order, only the parameters listed below have been modified from
the most current NPDES Permit in effect for Outfall 005.
Permit Limits I Interim Limits
Parameters_ I Units l Monthly Avg. I Daily Maximum I Monthly Avg. f Daily Maximum
Total Fluoride I mWL J 1.8 mg1L 124 mg/L 15.0 mg/L 124 mg/L

Badin Business Park LLC
EMC SOC WQ S 18-010
Page 3 of 6
I Total Cyanide I µl L ! 5.0 µg/l ; 46.6 µg/l 1 100.0 µg/L 1148.5 µg/L
c. No later than fourteen (14) calendar days after any date identified for
accomplishment of any activity listed in paragraph 2(a) above, submit to the
Director of the Division of Water Resources ("DWR") written notice of
compliance (including the date compliance was achieved along with supporting
documentation if applicable) or noncompliance therewith. In the case of
noncompliance, the notice shall include a statement of the reason(s) for
noncompliance, remedial action(s) taken, and a statement identifying the extent to
which subsequent dates or times for accomplishment of listed activities may be
affected.
d. If the stormwater piping system upgrades required by this Special Order have not
been completed by the date of the issuance of this Special Order, Badin Park
shall, within thirty (30) days of that issuance, secure and provide documentation
to DWR of an irrevocable standby letter of credit (Letter of Credit) to cover the
cost of the uncompleted construction. The institution issuing the Letter of Credit
shall be an entity which has the authority to issue letters of credit and whose letter
of credit operations are regulated and examined by a Federal or State agency. The
Letter of Credit shall be issued in favor of the State of North Carolina. The
financial assurance provided by the Letter of Credit must be continuous in nature
and must bind Badin Park as well as its successors -in -interest. The amount of
coverage of the Letter of Credit shall be at least 100% of the estimated cost of
constructing the stormwater piping system upgrade required by this Special
Order. DWR may increase the amount of the Letter of Credit if it concludes that
additional work is required in order to achieve final compliance with effluent
limits in the Permit. The Letter of Credit shall be maintained during the term of
this Special Order until it expires or is otherwise canceled.
3. Badin Park agrees that unless excused under paragraph four (4), Badin Park will pay the
DWR, by check payable to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality,
stipulated penalties according to the following schedule for failure to meet the deadlines
set out in paragraphs 2(a) and 2(c).
Violation
Failure to meet a scheduled date
Failure to comply with an interim
effluent limit
Monitoring frequency violations for
modified parameters
$1,000 per day
$1,000 for exceeding monthly average
limit; $500 for exceeding daily maximum
limits
$100 per omitted value per parameter

Badin Business Park LLC
EMC SOC WQ S 18-010
Page 4 of 6
Failure to Timely Submit Notice $1,000 for the first violation; penalty
Required by Paragraph 2(c) doubles with each subsequent assessment
for late notice
Failure to achieve compliance with final $5,000 (single penalty)
effluent limits
4. Badin Park and the Commission agree that the stipulated penalties are not due if Badin
Park satisfies DWR that noncompliance was caused solely by -
a. An act of God;
b. An act of war;
c. An intentional act or omission of a third party, but this defense shall not be
available if the act or omission is that of an employee or agent of the defendant or
if the act or omission occurs in connection with a contractual relationship with the
permittee;
d. An extraordinary event beyond the permittee's control. Contractor delays or
failure to obtain funding will not be considered as events beyond the permittee's
control; or
e. Any combination of the above causes.
Failure within thirty (30) days of receipt of written demand by DWR to pay the penalties,
or challenge them by a contested case petition pursuant to G.S. 150B-23, will be grounds
for a collection action, which the Attorney General is hereby authorized to initiate. The
only issue in such an action will be whether the thirty (30) days has elapsed.
5. Since this Special Order is by consent, the Parties acknowledge that review of the same is
not available to the Parties in the N.C. Office of Administrative Hearings. Furthermore,
neither party shall file a petition for judicial review concerning the terms of this Special
Order.
6. Noncompliance with the terms of this Special Order is subject to enforcement action in
addition to the above stipulated penalties, including, but not limited to injunctive relief
pursuant to G.S. 143-215.6C or termination of this Special Order by the Director of DWR
upon ten (10) days' notice to Badin Park. Noncompliance with the terms of this Special
Order will not be subject to civil penalties in addition to the above stipulated penalties.
7. This Special Order and any terms or conditions contained herein, hereby supersede any
and all previous Special Orders, Enforcement Compliance Schedule Letters, terms,
conditions, and limits contained therein issued in connection with NPDES permit number

Badin Business Park LLC
EMC SOC WQ S 18-010
Page 5 of 6
NC0004308. In the event of an NPDES permit modification or renewal, any effluent limit
or monitoring requirements contained therein shall supersede those contained in
Attachment A of this Special Order, except as modified and contained in paragraph 2(b)
above.
8. This Special Order may be modified at DWR's discretion, provided DWR is satisfied that
Badin Park has made good faith efforts to secure funding, complete all construction, and
achieve compliance within the dates specified. In accordance with applicable law,
modification of this Special Order will go to public notice prior to becoming effective.
9. In addition to any other applicable requirement, each notice required to be submitted by
Badin Park under this Special Order shall be signed by a plant manager or a corporate
official responsible for environmental management and compliance, and shall include the
following certification:
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments
were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with
a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather
and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the
person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly
responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted
is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and
complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment for knowing violations.
10. Failure to meet the scheduled date identified in paragraph 2(a) may terminate this Special
Order and require Badin Park to comply with the terms and conditions contained in the
Permit.
11. Badin Park, upon signature of this Special Order, will be expected to comply with all
schedule dates, terms, and conditions of this document.

This Special Order by Consent shall expire October 310 2019.
For Badin Business Park LLC:
f
AP
Asset Management Americas
For the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission:
Linda Culpepper, Director
Division of Water Resources
Badin Business Park LLC
EMC SOC WQ SIS-010
Page 6 of 6
5-gZUIt?
Date
Date

Attachment A
EMC SOC WQ S18-010
A. (1.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS —
OUTFALL 005 (INTERIM) [15A NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of the Special Order and lasting until July 31, 2019, the
Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater, stormwater, and fire protection water at Outfall 005. Such
discharges shall be limited and monitored' by the Permittee as specified below:
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
PARAMETER
Monthly Weekly Daily Measurement Sample Sample
[PARAMETER CODES
Average Average Maximum Frequency Type Location z
Flow (mgd)
SOOSO
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids (mg/1)
C0530
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
PH (su)
00400
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
Monthly
Grab
E
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Total Aluminum (mg/1)
01105
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Fluoride (mg/1) 4
00951
5.0 mg/1 *
24 mg/l
Monthly
Composite 3
E
Total Cyanide (µg/1) 4
00720
100.0 µg/1 *
148.5 µg/1 *
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Residual Chlorine (µg/1)
50060
17 µg/l
Monthly
Grab.
E
4,6
Acute Toxicity 5
TGP3B
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
* Attain compliance with the final effluent limitations in the Permit on July 31, 2019.
This Special Order by Consent shall expire October 31, 2019.
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system. Please See
Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The Permittee may use time -proportionate compositing or other sampling method provided that the alternate
method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the monitoring period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the analysis
of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level (ML) is at or below
the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or pollutant parameter; or
(2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under 40 CFR part 136 or required
under 40 CFR chapter 1, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee
shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
5_ Acute Toxicity P/F QuarterIy; see Special Condition C. (1).
6. The Division steal[ consider all effluent TRC values reported below 50 µg/ L to be in compliance with the
permit. However, the Permittee shall continue to record and submit all values reported by a North Carolina
certified laboratory (including field certified), even if these values fall below 50 µg/ L

EXHIBIT B
Outfall Coordinates

OUTFALL
OUTFALL LOCATION
Degrees Lat Long
Outfall 002
35.408304°,-080.1151330
Outfall 004
35.4032170,-080.1198280
Outfall 005
35.402569°,-080.120758°
Outfall 011
35.411830°,-080.114860°
Outfall 012
35.4119800,-080.113900°
Outfall 013
35.414106°,-080.116461°
Outfall017
35.402510°,-080.120763°
Outfall 018
35.4035120,-080.126245°
Outfall 019
35.4130220,-080.1045910
Outfall 020
35.4087350,-080.1158400
Outfall 022
35.402068°,-080.123330°
SAMPLING LOCATION
Degrees Lat Long
35.408188°,-080.1162010
35.403217°,-080.119828°
35.402569°,-080.1207580
35.411524°,-080.1158570
35.4115240,-080.115857°
35.414106°,-080.1164610
35.402510°,-080.1207630
35.4035120,-080.126245°
35.4126550,-080.1048620
35.408735°,-080.1158400
35.4020680,-080.1233300

EXHIBIT C
Draft Modified NPDES Permit NC0004308

Permit NC0004308
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful standards and
regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, and
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Badin Business Park, LLC.
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwater from a facility located at the
Badin Business Park
NC Hwy. 740 & NCSR 1719
Stanly County
to receiving waters designated as UT to Little Mountain Creek and Badin Lake (Yadkin River) in the Yadkin
- Pee Dee River Basin
in accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts I, II,
and III of this permit.
This permit shall become effective Month XX, 2019.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on October 31, 2022.
Signed this day Month XX, 2019.
DRAFT
Linda Culpepper, Director
Division of Water Resources
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Page 1 of 27

Permit NC0004308
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
The authority to operate and discharge from this facility arises exclusively under the terms and conditions of this
NPDES Permit. Therefore, upon the effective date of this permit, any and all previous NPDES Permits issued for
this facility and bearing this permit number are revoked.
Badin Business Park, LLC.
is hereby authorized to:
1. Discharge the following:
• stormwater at Outfalls 002, 004, 017, 018, 020, and 022
• groundwater, stormwater and or fire protection water at Outfalls 005; 012, 011 when flows exceed the
capacity of the diffuser, and 013;
• overflow from stormwater retention pond at Outfall 019.
all outfalls being located at or near Badin Business Park in Stanly'County; and
2. Discharge such groundwater, stormwater and/or fire protection water from locations specified on the
attached map into an unnamed tributary to Little Mountain Creek (Outfalls 004, 005, 017, 018, and 022) and
into Badin Lake (Yadkin River) (Outfalls`M, 011, 012, 013, 019, 020) which are classified as Class "WS-IV"
waters and Class "WS-IV CA & B" waters, respectively, in the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin.
All discharges shall be in accordance with the attached schedules as follows:
Part I. Monitoring, Controls, and Limitations for Permitted Discharges
A. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements
B. Stormwater Management Requirements
C. Special Conditions
Part II: Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits
Part III: Other Requirements
Any other point source discharge to surface waters of the state is prohibited unless covered by another permit,
authorization, or approval.
This permit does not relieve the Permittee from responsibility for compliance with any other applicable
federal, state, or local law, rule, standard, ordinance, order, judgment, or decree.
Page 2 of 27

Permit NC0004308
PART
SECTION A - EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is
authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwater associated with the activities described in its current
NPDES permit application. Such discharges shall be monitored, controlled, and limited as specified below.
A#.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 005 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater, stormwater, and fire protection water at Outfall
005 subject to the following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT
LIMITATIONS
- MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Weekly
Daily
Measurement
Sample
Sample
Average
Average
Maximum
Frequency
Type .
Location ?
Flow
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Composite`3
E
pH
Shall remain
within the range
of 6.0
Monthly
Grab
E
to 9.0 standard
units at
all limes
Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Fluoride 4
1.8 mg/1
24 mg/1
Monthly
Composite 3
E
Total Cyanide 4
5 µg/1
46.6 µg/1
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Residual Chlorine 4
17 µg/1
Monthly
Grab
E
Acute Toxicity s
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Footnotes:
1.Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C.(6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The Permittee may use time -proportionate compositing or other sampling method provided that the
alternate method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the
monitoring period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive' when: (1) The method minimum level (ML)
is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under
40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter. The Division shall consider all effluent TRC values reported below 50 µg/ L to be
in compliance with the permit. However, the Permittee shall continue to record and submit all values
reported by a North Carolina certified laboratory (including field certified), even if these values fall
below 50 µg/L.
5. Acute Toxicity P/F Quarterly; see Special Condition C.(1).
Page 3 of 27

Permit NC0004308
A.(2.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 011 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge fire protection waters, groundwater, and stormwater
exceeding the Outfa11012 diffuser capacity at Outfall 011 subject to the following effluent limitations and
monitoring' requirements:
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
PARAMETER Monthly Weekly Daily Measurement Sample Sample
Average Average Maximum Frequency Type Location 2
Flow Monthly Instantaneous E
Total Aluminum Quarterly Grab E
Total Fluoride 3 24 mg/l Monthly Grab E
Total Cyanide 3 46.6.µg/1 Monthly Grab E
Total Suspended Solids Quarterly Grab E
Trichloroethylene (TCE) 3 4 3.7 µg/1 Monthly Grab E
pH jShall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times Quarterly Grab E
Acute Toxicity 5 Quarterly Grab E
rootnotes-
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C.(6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level (ML)
is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under
40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual
laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
4. The facility may request that the Division review the data after collection of at least 12 data points to
determine if there is reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standard or EPA criteria. If no
reasonable potential exists, the Division may remove the limit and/or reduce the monitoring
frequency.
Acute Toxicity Monitoring Quarterly; see Special Condition C.(2).
Page 4 of 27

Permit NC0004308
A.(3.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfa11012 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge fire protection waters, groundwater, and stormwater at
Outfall 012 (diffuser) subject to the following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly Daily
Average Maximum
Measurement
Frequency
Sample
Type
Sample
Location 2
Flow
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
pH
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Cyanide 4
242 µg/1
285 µg/1
monthly
Grab
E
Total Fluoride 4
Quarterly
'Composite 3
E
Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Trichloroethylene (TCE) 4,5
121 µg/1
181.5.µg/1
Monthly
Grab
E
Chronic Toxicity 6
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Footnotes:
1.Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C.(6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The Permittee may use time -proportionate compositing or other sampling method provided that the
alternate method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the
monitoring period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level (ML)
is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under
40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual
laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
5. The facility may request that the Division review the data after collection of at least 12 data points to
determine if there is reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standard or EPA criteria. If no
reasonable potential exists, the Division may remove the limit and/or reduce the monitoring
frequency.
6. Chronic Toxicity Pass/Fail Quarterly; see Special Condition C.(3).
Page 5 of 27

Permit NC0004308
A.(4.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfa11013 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater and stormwater at Outfall 013 subject to the
following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
PARAMETER
Monthly
Weekly Daily
Measurement
Sample Type
Sample
Average
Average Maximum
Frequency
Location z
Flow
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Fluoride
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Cyanide 4
5 µg/1
46.6'99/1
'Monthly
Grab
E
p H
Shall remain
within the range of 6.0
Monthly
Grab
E
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Acute Toxicity 5
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system. Please
See Special Condition C.(6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The Permittee may use time -proportionate compositing or other sampling ,method provided that the
alternate method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the monitoring
period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive' when: (1) The method minimum level (ML) is
at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or pollutant
parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under 40 CFR part 136
or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or pollutant parameter.
The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual laboratory results for each
effluent sample tested.
5. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Quarterly; see Special Condition C.(2).
Page 6 of 27

Permit NC0004308
A.(5.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 019 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.] .
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge overflow from the retention pond at the Old Brick Landfill
at Outfall 019 subject to the following effluent limitations and monitoringi requirements:
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
PARAMETER Monthly Weekly Daily
Average Average Maximum
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Measurement
Frequency
Sample Type
Sample 2
Location
Flow
Semi-annual
Instantaneous
E
Total Rainfall (inches) 3
Semi-annual
Rain gauge
---
Total Suspended Solids
Semi-annual
Grab
E
Total Aluminum
Total Fluoride 4
Semi-annual
Semi-annual
Grab
Grab
E
E
Total Cyanide 4
Semi-annual
Grab
E
P H
Shall remain within the°range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Semi -dual
Grab
E
Acute Toxicity s
1
1
Annual
Grab
E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C.(6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. For each sampled representative storm event the total precipitation must be recorded. An on -site rain
gauge or local rain gauge reading must be recorded.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive' when: (1) The method minimum level (ML)
is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under
40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or
pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual
laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
5. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Annual; see Special Condition C.(4).
If no parameters are detected during the permit cycle, this outfall may be removed from the permit after a
public notice process and consideration.of public comments.
Page 7 of 27

Permit NC0004308
SECTION B - STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS [G.S.143-215.1(A) et seq.,
15A NCAC 02H .0126 et seq.]
B.(1.) STORMWATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfalls 002, 004, 017, 018, 020 & 022
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit; the Permittee is authorized to discharge stormwater at Outfalls 002, 004, 017, 018, 020 and 022. Such
discharges shall be controlled, limited, and monitored as specified in this permit.
1. Analytical Monitoring
Analytical monitoring of stormwater discharges shall be performed as specified below. All analytical
monitoring shall be performed during a measureable storm event.
FA easurablestorm event is a storm event that results in an actual discharge from the permitted site
fall. The previous measurable storm event must have,been at least 72 hours prior. The 72-hour
m interval does not apply if the permittee is able to document that a shorter interval is
resentative for local storm events during the sampling period, and the permittee obtains approval
m the local DEMLR Regional En ;iiieer (See Definitions).
Discharge Characteristics
Units
Measurement
Sample
Sample
Frequencyl
e2
Location3
Total Suspended Solids (T5S)
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Aluminum, Total Recoverable
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Cyanide
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Fluoride
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Rainfall4
inches
semi-annual + Ram
Gauge
Footnotes:
1. Measurement Frequency: Twice per year (unless other provisions of this permit prompt monthly
sampling) during a measureable storm event, until either another permit is issued for this facility or
until this permit is revoked or rescinded. If the facility is monitoring monthly because of Tier Two or
Three response actions under the previous permit, the facility shall continue a monthly monitoring
and reporting schedule in Tier Two or Tier Three status until relieved by the provisions of this permit
by DEMLR.
2. Grab samples shall be collected within the first 30 minutes of discharge. When physical separation
between outfalls prevents collecting all samples within the first 30 minutes, sampling shall begin
within the first 30 minutes, and shall continue until completed.
3. Sample Location: Samples shall be collected at each stormwater discharge outfall (SDO) unless
representative outfall status (ROS) has been granted. A copy of DEMLR's letter granting ROS shall
be kept on site.
4. For each sampled measureable storm event, the total precipitation must be recorded. An on -site rain
gauge is required. Where isolated sites are unmanned for extended periods of time, a local rain gauge
reading may be substituted for an on -site reading.
Page 8 of 27

Permit NC0004308
The permittee shall complete the analytical samplings in accordance with the schedule specified below,
unless adverse weather conditions prevent sample collection. A minimum of 60 days must separate Period
1 and Period 2 sample dates, unless monthly monitoring has been instituted under a Tier Two response.
Inability to sample because of adverse weather conditions must be documented in the Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP) and recorded on the DMR. The permittee must report the results from
each sample taken within the monitoring period (see Part H, Section D). However, for purposes of
benchmark comparison and Tiered response actions, the permittee shall use the analytical results from the
first sample with valid results within the monitoring period.
Monitoring Schedule
Senu-Annual
Start Date
End Date
Monitoring Events'-
(All Years)3
(All Years)3
Period 1
January 1
June 30
Period 2
July 1 f '
December 31
Footnotes:
1 Maintain semi-annual monitoring until either another permit is issued for this facility or until this
permit is revoked or rescinded. The permittee must submit an application for renewal of coverage
before the submittal deadline (180 days before expiration) to be considered forrenewed coverage
under the permit. The permittee must continue analytical monitoring throughout the permit renewal
process, even if a renewal permit is not issued until after expiration of this permit.
2 If no discharge occurs during the sampling period, the permittee must submit a monitoring report
indicating "No Flow' or "No Discharge" within 30 days of the'end of the sampling period.
3 Monitoring periods remain consistent through the permit term and through the renewal process.
Failure to monitor semi-annually per permit terms may result in DEMLR requiring monthly monitoring
for all parameters for a specified time period. "No discharge" from an outfall during a monitoring period
does not constitute failure to monitor, as long as it is properly recorded and reported.
The permittee shall compare monitoring results to the benchmark values below. Exceedances of benchmark
values require the permittee to increase monitoring, increase management actions, increase record keeping,
and/or install stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) in a tiered program. See below the descriptions
of Tier One, Tier Two, and Tier Three response actions. In the event that DEMLR releases the permittee from
continued monthly monitoring and reporting under Tier Two or Tier Three, DEMLR's release letter may
remain in effect through subsequent reissuance of this permit, unless the release letter provides for other
conditions or duration.
Page 9 of 27

Permit NC0004308
Benchmark Values for Monitoring
Discharge Characteristics
'Analytical
Units Benchmark
Total Suspended Solids ('ISS)
mg/L 100
Chemical Oxygen Demand
mg/L 120
Aluminum, Total Recoverable
mg/L 0.75
Total Cyanide
mg/L 0.02
Total Fluoride
mg/L 6
The benchmark values above are not permit limits but should be used as guidelines for implementation of the
permittee's SPPP. An exceedance of a stormwater benchmark value is not a permit violation; however,
failure to respond to the exceedance as outlined in this permit is a violation of permit conditions.
Tier One
If. The first valid sampling results are above a benchmark value for any parameter at any outfall;
Then: The permittee shall:
1. Conduct a stormwater management inspection of the facility within two weeks of receiving sampling
results.
2. Identify and evaluate possible causes of the benchmark value.exceedance.
3. Identify potential, and select the specific feasible: source controls, operational controls, or physical
improvements to reduce concentrations of the parameters of concern.
4. Implement the selected feasible actions within two months of the inspection.
5. Record each instance of a Tier One response in the SPPP. Include the date and value of the benchmark
exceedance, the inspectiorrdate, the personnel conducting the inspection, the selected actions, and the
date the selected actions were implemented.
6. Note: Benchmark exceedances for a different parameter separately triQizer a tiered response.
Tier Two
If. The first valid sampling results from two consecutive monitoring periods are above the benchmark
' values for anv specific parameter at a specific discharge outfall;
Then: The, permittee shall:
1. Repeat all the required actions outlined above in Tier One.
2. Immediately institute monthly monitoring and reporting for all parameters. The permittee shall
conduct monthly monitoring at every outfall where a sampling result exceeded the benchmark value
for two consecutive samples. Monthly (analytical and qualitative) monitoring shall continue until
three consecutive sample results are below the benchmark values or within benchmark range.
3. If no discharge occurs during the sampling period, the permittee is required to submit a monthly
monitoring report indicating "No Flow" to comply with reporting requirements.
4. Alternatively, in lieu of steps 2 and 3, the permittee may, after two consecutive exceedances, exercise
the option of contacting the DEMLR Regional Engineer as provided below in Tier Three. The Regional
Engineer may direct the response actions on the part of the permittee as provided in Tier Three,
including reduced or additional sampling parameters or frequency.
5. Maintain a record of the Tier Two response in the SPPP.
6. Continue Tier Two response obligations throughout the permit renewal �)rocess.
Page 10 of 27

Permit NC0004308
If. The valid sampling results required for the permit monitoring periods exceed the benchmark value for
any specific parameter at any specific outfall on four occasions, the permittee shall notify the DEMLR
Regional En ii ieer in writing within 30 dJys of receipt of the fourth anal tical results;
Then: The Division may but is not limited to:
• require that the permittee revise, increase, or decrease the monitoring and reporting frequency for
some or all of the parameters herein;
• require sampling of additional or substitute parameters;
• require the permittee to install structural stormwater controls;
• require the permittee to implement other stormwater control measures;
• require the permittee to perform upstream and downstream monitoring to characterize impacts on
receiving waters; or
• require the permittee implement site modifications to qualify for a No Exposure Exclusion;
• require the permittee to continue Tier Three obli�,,atfons throw h the prr„nit renewal process.
2. Qualitative Monitoring Requirements
The purpose of qualitative monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness. of the Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan (SPPP) and identify new potential sources of stormwater pollution. Qualitative
monitoring of stormwater outfalls must be performed during a measurable storm event.
Qualitative monitoring requires a visual inspection of each stormwater outfall regardless of representative
outfall status. Qualitative monitoring shall be performed semi-annually as specified below, and during
required analytical monitoring events (unless the permittee is required to perform further qualitative
monitoring per the Qualitative Monitoring'Response, below). Inability to monitor because of adverse
weather conditions must be documented in the SPPP and recorded on the Qualitative Monitoring Report
form (see Adverse Weather in Definitions). Only SDOs discharging stormwater associated with industrial
activity must be monitored (See Definitions).
In the event an atypical condition is noted at a stormwater discharge outfall, the permittee shall document
the suspected cause of the condition and any actions taken in response to the discovery. This
documentation will be maintained with the SPPP.
Page 11 of 27

Permit NC0004308
Qualitative Monitorine Reauirements
s
Fr uen 1
Monitoring
Location2
r
semi-annual
SDO
semi-annual
SDO
semi-annual
SDO
Floating Solids
semi-annual
SDO
Suspended Solids
semi-annual
SDO
Foam
semi-annual
SDO
Oil Sheen
semi-annual
SDO
Erosion or de osition at the outfall
semi-annual
SDO
Other obvious indicators
of stormwater pollution
semi-annual
SDO
Footnotes:
1.
2.
Monitoring Frequency: Twice per year duringa measureable storm event unless other provisions
of this permit prompt monthly monitoring. See schedule of monitoring periods through the end
of this permitting cycle. The permittee must continue qualitative monitoring throughout the
permit renewal process until anew permit is issued.
Monitoring Location: Qualitative_ monitoring shall be performed at each stormwater discharge
outfall (SDO) regardless of representative outfall status.
A minimum of 60 days must separate monitoring dates, unless additional sampling has been instituted as
part of other analytical monitoring requirements in this permit.
If the pennittee's qualitative monitoring indicates that existing stormwater Best Management Practices
(BMPs) are ineffective, or that significant stormwater contamination is present, the permittee shall
investigate potential causes, evaluate the feasibility of corrective action, and implement those corrective
actions within 60 days, -.per the Qualitative Monitoring Response, below. A written record of the
permittee's investigation, evaluation, and response actions shall be kept in the SPPP.
[qualitative Monitoring Response
Qualitative monitoring is for the purposes of evaluating SPPP effectiveness, identifying new potential
sources of stormwater pollution, and prompting the permittee's response to pollution. If the permittee
repeatedly fails to respond effectively to correct problems identified by qualitative monitoring, or if
the dischargecauses or contributes to a water quality standard violation, DEMLR may but is not
limited to:
• require that' the permittee revise, increase, or decrease the monitoring frequency for some or
all parameters (analytical or qualitative)
• require the permittee to install structural stormwater controls;
• require the permittee to implement other stormwater control measures;
• require the permittee to perform upstream and downstream monitoring to characterize
impacts on receiving waters; or
• require the permittee implement site modifications to qualify for a No Exposure Exclusion.
Page 12 of 27

Permit NC0004308
B.(2.) STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
The permittee shall develop and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP). The SPPP shall
be maintained on site unless exempted from this requirement by DEMLR. The SPPP is public information in
accordance with Part II, Standard Conditions, Section E Paragraph 10 of this permit. The SPPP shall include,
at a minimum, the following items:
1. Site Overview. The Site Overview shall provide a description of the physical facility and the potential
pollutant sources that may be expected to contribute to contamination of stormwater discharges. The Site
Overview shall contain the following:
(a) A general location map (USGS quadrangle map or appropriately drafted equivalent map), showing
the facility's location in relation to transportation routes and surface waters; the name of the receiving
waters to which the stormwater outfalls discharge, or if the discharge is to a municipal separate storm
sewer system, the name of the municipality and the ultimate receiving waters; and accurate latitude
and longitude of the points of stormwater discharge associated with industrial activity. The general
location map (or alternatively the site map) shall identify whether any receiving waters are impaired
(on the state's 303(d) list of impaired waters) or if the site is located in a watershed for which a TMDL
has been established, and what the parameters of concern are.
(b) A narrative description of storage practices, loading and unloading activities, outdoor process areas,
dust or particulate generating or control processes, and waste disposal practices. A narrative
description of the potential pollutants that could be expected to be present in the stormwater
discharge from each outfall.
(c) A site map drawn at a scale sufficient to clearly depict: the site property boundary; the stormwater
discharge outfalls; all on -site and adjacent surface waters and wetlands; industrial activity areas
(including storage of materials, disposal areas, process areas, loading and unloading areas, and haul
roads); site topography and finished grade; all drainage features and structures; drainage area
boundaries and total contributing area for each outfall; direction of flow in each drainage area;
industrial activities occurring in each drainage area; buildings; stormwater Best Management
Practices (BMPs); and impervious surfaces. The site map must indicate the percentage of each
drainage area that is impervious, and the site map must include a graphic scale indication and north
arrow.
(d) A list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants during the previous three (3) years and any corrective
actions taken to mitigate spill impacts.
(e) Certification that the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence of non-stormwater
discharges. The permittee shall re -certify annually that the stormwater outfalls have been
evaluated for the presence of non-stormwater discharges. If non-stormwater discharges are present,
the permittee shall identify the source and record whether the discharge is otherwise permitted (by
rule or a different permit). The permittee shall evaluate the environmental significance of the non-
stormwater discharges and include a summary written record with the certification. The certification
statement and summary written record shall be retained with the SPPP, and shall be dated and signed
in accordance with the requirements found in Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits, Part H, Section
B.11(b).
(f) If a permanent source of non-stormwater flow is identified in accordance with B. (2)1. (e) the permittee
shall notify DWR and DEMLR. The notification must include a description and frequency of discharge
for the identified non-stormwater flow. The notification must be submitted to the following addresses:
Page 13 of 27

Permit NC0004308
DWR/NPDES Complex Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
DEMLR / Stormwater Permitting Program
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612.
2. Stormwater Management Strategy. The Stormwater Management Strategy shall contain a narrative
description of the materials management practices employed which control or minimize the stormwater
exposure of significant materials, including structural and nonstructural measures. The Stormwater
Management Strategy, at a minimum, shall incorporate the following
(a) Feasibility Study. A review of the technical and economic feasibility of changing the methods of
operations and/or storage practices to eliminate or reduce exposure of materials and processes to
rainfall and run-on flows. Wherever practical, the' permittee shall prevent exposure of all storage
areas, material handling operations, and manufacturing or fueling operations. In areas where
elimination of exposure is not practical, this 4eview shall document the feasibility of diverting the
stormwater run-on away from areas of potential contamination.
(b) Secondary Containment Requirements and Records., Secondary containment is required for: bulk
storage of li uid materials storage in anx amount of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) water 12rioritv chemicals; and storage in an amount
of hazardous substances in order to prevent leaks and spills from contaminating stormwater runoff.
A table or summary of all such tanks and stored materials and their associated secondary containment
areas shall be maintained. If the secondary containment devices are connected to stormwater
conveyance systems, the connection shall be controlled by manually activated valves or other similar
devices (which shall be secured closed with a locking mechanism). Any stormwater that accumulates
in the containment area shall be at a minimum visually observed for color, foam, outfall staining,
visible sheens and dry weather flow, prior toaelease of the accumulated stormwater. Accumulated
stormwater shall be releasedif found to be uncontaminated by any material. Records documenting
the individual making the observation, the description of the accumulated Stormwater, and the date
and time of the release shall be kept for a period of five (5) years. For facilities subject to a federal oil
Spill Prevention, Control,,and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC), any portion of the SPCC Plan fully
compliant withthe requirements of this permit may be used to demonstrate compliance with this
permit.
(c) BMP Summary. A listing of site structural and non-structural Best Management Practices (BMPs)
shall•be provided. The installation and implementation of BMPs shall be based on the assessment of
the potential for sources to contribute significant quantities of pollutants to stormwater discharges
and on data collected through monitoring of stormwater discharges. The BMP Summary shall include
a written record of the specific rationale for installation and implementation of the selected site BMPs.
The BMP Summary shall be reviewed and updated annually.
3. Spill Prevention and Response Procedures. The Spill Prevention and Response Procedures (SPRP) shall
incorporate an assessment of potential pollutant sources based on a materials inventory of the facility.
Facility personnel responsible for implementing the SPRP shall be identified in a written list incorporated
into the SPRP and signed and dated by each individual acknowledging their responsibilities for the plan.
A responsible person shall be on -site at all times during facility operations that have increased potential
to contaminate Stormwater runoff through spills or exposure of materials associated with the facility
operations. The SPRP must be site stormwater specific. Therefore, an oil Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure plan (SPCC) may be a component of the SPRP, but may not be sufficient to completely
Page 14 of 27

Permit NC0004308
address the stormwater aspects of the SPRP. The common elements of the SPCC with the SPRP may be
incorporated by reference into the SPRP.
4. Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program. A preventative maintenance and good
housekeeping program shall be developed and implemented. The program shall address all stormwater
control systems (if applicable), stormwater discharge outfalls, all on -site and adjacent surface waters and
wetlands, industrial activity areas (including material storage areas, material handling areas, disposal
areas, process areas, loading and unloading areas, and haul roads), all drainage features and structures,
and existing structural BMPs. The program shall establish schedules of inspections, maintenance, and
housekeeping activities of stormwater control systems, as well as facility equipment, facility areas, and
facility systems that present a potential for stormwater exposure or stormwater pollution where not
already addressed under another element of the SPPP. Inspection of material handling areas and regular
cleaning schedules of these areas shall be incorporated into the program. Timely compliance with the
established schedules for inspections, maintenance, and housekeeping shall be recorded and maintained
in the SPPP.
5. Facility Inspections. Inspections of the facility and all stormwater systems shall occur as part of the
Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program at a minimum on a semi-annual schedule,
once during the first half of the year (January to June), and once during the second half (July to December),
with at least 60 days separating inspection dates (unless performed more frequently than semi-annually).
These facility inspections are different from, and in addition to, the stormwater discharge characteristic
monitoring at the outfalls required in Part I Section B.(1.).
6. Employee Training. Training programs shall be developed and training provided at a minimum on an
annual basis for facility personnel with responsibilities for: spill response and cleanup, preventative
maintenance activities, and for any of the facility's operations that have the potential to contaminate
stormwater runoff. The facility personnel responsible for implementing the training shall be identified,
and their annual training shall be documented by the signature of each employee trained.
7. Responsible Party. The SPPP shall identify a specific position or positions responsible for the overall
coordination, development, implementation, and revision of the SPPP. Responsibilities for all
components of the SPPP shall be documented and position assignments provided.
8. SPPP Amendment and Annual Update. The permittee shall amend the SPPP whenever there is a change
in design, construction, operation, site drainage, maintenance, or configuration of the physical features
which may have a significant effect on the potential for the discharge of pollutants to surface waters. All
aspects of the SPPP shall be reviewed and updated on an annual basis. The annual update shall include:
(a) an updated list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants for the previous three (3) years, or the
notation that no spills have occurred (element of the Site Overview);
(b) a written re -certification that the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence of non-
stormwater discharges (element of the Site Overview);
(c) a documented re-evaluation of the effectiveness of the on -site stormwater BMPs (BMP
Summary element of the Stormwater Management Strategy).
(d) a review and comparison of sample analytical data to benchmark values (if applicable) over the
past year, including a discussion about Tiered Response status. The permittee shall use the
Annual Summary Data Monitoring Report (DMR) form, available from the DEMLR
Stormwater Permitting Program's website (See 'Monitoring Forms' here:
ntt portal.nca. orkl webs 1r1 n}�des-stormwaeE_ )..
The Director may notify the permittee when the SPPP does not meet one or more of the minimum
requirements of the permit. Within 30 days of such notice, the permittee shall submit a time schedule to
the Director for modifying the SPPP to meet minimum requirements. The permittee shall provide
Page 15 of 27

Permit NC0004308
certification in writing in accordance with Part I1, Standard Conditions, Section B, Paragraph 11 to the
Director that the changes have been made.
9. SPPP Implementation. The permittee shall implement the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan and all
appropriate BMPs consistent with the provisions of this permit, in order to control contaminants entering
surface waters via stormwater. Implementation of the SPPP shall include documentation of all
monitoring, measurements, inspections, maintenance activities, and training provided to employees,
including the log of the sampling data and of actions taken to implement BMPs associated with the
industrial activities, including vehicle maintenance activities. Such documentation shall be kept on -site
for a period of five (5) years and made available to the Director or the Director's authorized representative
immediately upon request.
B.(3.) STORMWATER DEFINITIONS
1. Adverse Weather
Adverse conditions are those that are dangerous or create inaccessibility for personnel, such as local
flooding, high winds, or electrical storms, or situations that otherwise make sampling impractical.
When adverse weather conditions prevent the collection of samples during the sample period, the
permittee must take a substitute sample or perform a visual assessment during the next qualifying
storm event. Documentation of an adverse event (with date, time and written narrative) and the
rationale must be included with your SPPP records. Adverse weather does not exempt the permittee
from having to file a monitoring report in accordance with the sampling schedule. Adverse events
and failures to monitor must also be explained and reported on the relevant DMR.
2. Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges
Non-stormwater discharges which shall be allowed in the stormwater conveyance system include.
a. Uncontaminated groundwater, foundation drains, air -conditioner condensate without added
chemicals, springs, discharges of uncontaminated potable water, waterline and fire hydrant
flushings, water from footing drains, flows from riparian habitats and wetlands.
b. Discharges resulting from fire -fighting or fire -fighting training, or emergency shower or eye wash
as a result of use in the event of an emergency.
3. Best Mana ement Practices BMPs
Measures or practices used to reduce the amount of pollution entering surface waters. BMPs may
take the form of a process, activity, or physical structure. More information on BMPs can be found at:
htt s: www.e a. ov n des national-menu-best-mana ement- ractices-bm s-stormwater#edu.
4. ByRass stormwater
A bypass is the known diversion of stormwater from any portion of a stormwater control facility
including the collection system, which is not a designed or established operating mode for the facility.
5. Bulk Storage of Liquid Products
Liquid raw materials, intermediate products, manufactured products, waste materials, or by-products
with a single above ground storage container having a capacity of greater than 660 gallons or with
multiple above ground storage containers located in close proximity to each other having a total
combined storage capacity of greater than 1,320 gallons.
6. DEMLR
The Division of Energy, Mineral, and Land Resources.
Page 16 of 27

Permit NC0004308
7. Landfill
A disposal facility or part of a disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land and which is not a
land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an injection well, a hazardous waste long-term
storage facility or a surface storage facility.
8. Measureable Storm Event
A storm event that results in an actual discharge from the permitted site outfall. The previous
measurable storm event must have been at least 72 hours prior. The 72-hour storm interval may not
apply if the permittee is able to document that a shorter interval is representative for local storm events
during the sampling period, and obtains approval from the local DEMLR Regional Office. Two copies
of this information and a written request letter shall be sent to the local DEMLR Regional Office. After
authorization by the DEMLR Regional Office, a written approval letter must be kept on site in the
permittee's SPPP.
9. No Exposure
A condition of no exposure means that all industrial materials and activities are protected by a storm
resistant shelter or acceptable storage containers to prevent exposure to rain, snow, snowmelt, or
runoff. Industrial materials or activities include, but are not limited to, material handling equipment
or activities, industrial machinery, raw materials, intermediate products, by-products, final products,
or waste products [40 CFR 122.26 (b)(14)]. DEMLR--may grant a No Exposure Exclusion from NPDES
Stormwater Permitting requirements only if a facility complies with the terms and conditions
described in 40 CFR §122.26(g).
10. Point Source Dischar a of Stormwater
Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance including, but not specifically limited to, any pipe,
ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, or discrete fissure from which stormwater is or may be
discharged to waters of the state.
11. Representative Outfall Status
When it is established that the discharge of stormwater runoff from a single outfall is representative of the
discharges at multiple outfalls, the Division may grant representative outfall status. Representative outfall
status allows the permittee to perform analytical monitoring at a reduced number of outfalls.
12. Secondary Containment
Spill containment for the contents of the single largest tank within the containment structure plus
sufficient freeboard to contain the 25-year, 24-hour storm event.
13. Section 313 Water Priority Chemical
A chemical or chemical category which:
a. Is listed in 40 CFR 372.65 pursuant to Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986, also titled the Emergency Planning and Community Right -
to -Know Act of.1986;
b. Is present at or above threshold levels at a facility subject to SARA title III, Section 313 reporting
requirements; and
c. Meets at least one of the following criteria:
i. Is listed in appendix D of 40 CFR part 122 on Table 11(organic priority pollutants), Table III
(certain metals, cyanides, and phenols) or Table IV (certain toxic pollutants and hazardous
substances);
ii. Is listed as a hazardous substance pursuant to section 311(b)(2)(A) of the CWA at 40 CFR
116.4; or
iii. Is a pollutant for which EPA has published acute or chronic water quality criteria.
Page 17 of 27

Permit NC0004308
14. Sign ificantMaterials
Includes, but is not limited to: raw materials, fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and plastic
pellets; finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or
production; hazardous substances designated under section 101(14) of CERCLA; any chemical the
facility is required to report pursuant to section 313 of Title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and
waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that have the potential to be released with stormwater
discharges.
15. Significant Spills
Includes, but is not limited to: releases of oil or hazardous substances in excess of reportable quantities
under section 311 of the Clean Water Act (Ref: 40 CFR 110.3and 40 CFR 117.3) or section 102 of
CERCLA (Ref. 40 CFR 302.4).
16. Stormwater Dischar re Outfall SDO)
The point of departure of stormwater from a discernible, confined, or discrete conveyance, including
but not limited to, storm sewer pipes, drainage ditches, channels, spillways, or channelized collection
areas, from which stormwater flows directly or indirectly into waters of the State of North Carolina.
17. Stormwater Runoff
The flow of water which results from precipitation and which occurs immediately following rainfall
or as a result of snowmelt.
18. Stormwater Associated with Industrial Activit N
The discharge from any point source which is used for collecting and conveying stormwater and
which is directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw material storage areas at an industrial
site. Facilities considered to be engaged in "industrial activities" include those activities defined in 40
CFR 122.26(b)(14). The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the
NPDES program.
19. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
A comprehensive site -specific plan which details measures and practices to reduce stormwater
pollution and is based on an evaluation of the pollution potential of the site.
20. Total Maximum Dail% Load { f DL}
TMDLs are written plans for attaining and maintaining water quality standards, in all seasons, for a
specific water body and pollutant. A list of approved TMDLs for the state of North Carolina can be
found at hgp;//portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ps/mtu/tmdj .
21. Vehicle Maintenance Activitt
Vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, lubrication, vehicle cleaning operations,
or airport deicing operations.
22. Visible Sedimentation
Solid particulate matter, both mineral and organic, that has been or is being transported by water, air,
gravity, or ice from its site of origin which can be seen with the unaided eye.
23. 25-year. 24 hour Storm Event
The maximum 24-hour precipitation event expected to be equaled or exceeded, on the average, once
in 25 years.
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Permit NC0004308
SECTION C - SPECIAL CONDITIONS
C.(1.) ACUTE TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (Quarterly; Outfall 005) [15A NCAC 02B .0200 et
seq.]
The permittee shall conduct acute toxicity tests on a quarterly basis using protocols defined in the North
Carolina Procedure Document entitled "Pass/Fail Methodology For Determining Acute Toxicity In A Single
Effluent Concentration (Revised December 2010 or subsequent versions). The monitoring shall be performed
as a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 24 hour static test. The effluent concentration at which there may
be at no time significant acute mortality is 90% (defined as treatment two in the procedure document). The
tests will be performed once during each calendar quarter (January -March; April June, July -September and
October -December). Effluent sampling for this testing must be obtained during representative effluent
discharge and shall be performed at the NPDES permitted final effluent discharge below all treatment
processes.
Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits, then monthly monitoring
will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this monthly test
requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit' condition will be'entered on the Effluent Discharge
Monitoring Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed, using the parameter code TGE6C.
Additionally, DWR Form AT-2 (original) is to be sent to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of
the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the
waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a month in which toxicity monitoring is required,
the permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form indicating
the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county, and the month/year of the report with the notation
of "No Flow" in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the Environmental Sciences
Section at the address cited above.
Should the permittee fail to monitor during a month in which toxicity monitoring is required, then monthly
monitoring will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this monthly test
requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above. Assessment of toxicity compliance is based
on the toxicity testing quarter, which is the three month time interval that begins on the first day of the month
in which toxicity testing is required by this permit and continues until the final day of the third month.
Should any test data from either these monitoring requirements or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re -opened
and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
Page 19 of 27

Permit NC0004308
If the Permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit, the results of such
monitoring shall be included in the calculation & reporting of the data submitted on the DMR & all AT Form
submitted.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test and will require
immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than the last day of the month following the month
of the initial monitoring.
C.(2.) ACUTE TOXICITY MONITORING (Quarterly, Outfalls 011 and 013) [15A NCAC 02B .0200 et seq.]
The permittee shall conduct acute toxicity tests on a quarterly basis using protocols defined as definitive in
E.P.A. Document EPA/600/4-90/027 entitled "Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents to
Freshwater and Marine Organisms." The monitoring shall be performed as a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales
promelas) 24-hour static test. Effluent samples for self -monitoring purposes must be obtained during
representative effluent discharge below all waste treatment. The tests will be performed on a discharge event
during each calendar quarter (January -March, April June, July -September and October -December).
The parameter code for this test is TAE6C. All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition
will be entered on the Effluent Discharge Form (MR-1)`'for the month in which it was performed, using the
appropriate parameter code. Additionally, DWR Form AT=`1,(original) is to be sent to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North. Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of
the effluent toxicity sample'must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the
waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a quarter in which toxicity monitoring is
required, the permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form
indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county, and the month/year of the report with the
notation of "No Flow" in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the Environmental
Sciences Branch at the address cited above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina Division of
Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re -opened and
modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test and will
require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than the last day of the month following
the month of the initial monitoring.
Page 20 of 27

Permit NC0004308
C.(3.) CHRONIC TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (Quarterly; Outfall 012) [15A NCAC 02B .0200
et seq.]
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit observable inhibition of reproduction or significant mortality
to Ceriodaphnia dubia at an effluent concentration of 3.8 % at Outfall 012.
The permit holder shall perform at a minimum, quarterly monitoring using test procedures outlined in the
"North Carolina Ceriodaphnia Chronic Effluent Bioassay Procedure," Revised February 1998, or subsequent
versions or "North Carolina Phase lI Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure' (Revised -February
1998) or subsequent versions. Effluent samples for self -monitoring purposes must be obtained during
representative effluent discharge below all waste treatment. The tests will. be performed once during each
calendar quarter Qanuary-March, April -June, July -September and October -December).
If the test procedure performed as the first test of any. single quarter results in a failure or ChV below the
permit limit, then multiple -concentration testing shall be performed at a minimum, in each of the two
following months as described in "North Carolina Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure'
(Revised -February 1998) or subsequent versions.
The chronic value for multiple concentration tests will be determined using the geometric mean of the highest
concentration having no detectable impairment of reproduction or survival and the lowest concentration that
does have a detectable impairment of reproduction or survival. The definition of "detectable impairment,"
collection methods, exposure regimes, and further statistical_methods are specified in the "North Carolina
Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure' (Revised4ebruary 1998) or subsequent versions.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge
Monitoring Form (MR-1) for the months in which tests were performed, using the parameter code TGP3B for
the pass/fail results and THP3B for the Chronic Value. Additionally, DWR Form AT-3 (original) is to be sent
to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be complete, accurate, include all supporting chemical/physical measurements and all
concentration/response data, and be certified by laboratory supervisor and ORC or approved designate
signature. Total residual chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine
is employed for disinfection of the waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a quarter in which toxicity monitoring is
required, the Permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form
indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county, and the month/year of the report with the
notation of "No Flow" in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the Environmental
Sciences Branch at the address cited above.
Should the Permittee fail to monitor during a month in which toxicity monitoring is required, monitoring will
be required during the following month.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina Division of
Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re -opened and
modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival, minimum control organism reproduction, and appropriate environmental controls,
shall constitute an invalid test and will require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than
the last day of the month following the month of the initial monitoring.
Page 21 of 27

Permit NC0004308
C.(4.) ACUTE TOXICITY MONITORING (Annual, Outfall 019) [15A NCAC 02B .0200 et seq.]
The permittee shall conduct annual toxicity tests using protocols defined as definitive in E.P.A. Document
EPA/600/4-90/027 entitled "Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents to Freshwater and
Marine Organisms." The monitoring shall be performed as a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 24-hour
static test. Effluent samples for self -monitoring purposes must be obtained below all waste treatment. The
permittee will conduct one test annually, with the annual period beginning in January of the calendar year
of the effective date of the permit.
The annual toxicity test must be performed by June 30. Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility
during the six month period January 1 June 30, the permittee will complete the information located at the top
of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county and
in the comments section indicate "No Flow for January 1-June 30, {calendar year)." The report must be signed
and submitted to the Environmental Sciences Section at the address noted below.
If no discharge event occurs from January 1 June 30, yet a discharge event occurs from July 1-December 31,
then the facility must perform toxicity monitoring and report the data as noted below.
The parameter code for this test is TAE6C. All toxicity testing results required as part'of this permit condition
will be entered on the Effluent Discharge Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed, using the
appropriate parameter code. Additionally, DWR Form AT 1,(original) is to, be sent to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be _complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of
the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the
waste stream.
Should any test data from either these monitoring requirements or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re -opened
and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test and will require
immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than the last day of the month following the month of
the initial monitoring.
C.(5.) PERMIT REOPENER [G.S.143-215.1(b)]
The permitttee shall notify the Division if any industrial activity is proposed to take place at the facility which
changes the characteristics of the wastewaters as authorized in this permit or adds additional sources of
wastewater. A notification shall be submitted to the Division describing the new activities and expected
wastewater characteristics 90 days prior to proposed start of operations.
Page 22 of 27

Permit NC0004308
C.(6.) ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORTS [G.S.143-215.1(b)]
Federal regulations require electronic submittal of all discharge monitoring reports (DMRs) and program
reports. The final NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule was adopted and became effective on December 21, 2015.
NOTE: This special condition supplements or supersedes the following sections within Part II of this permit
(Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits):
• Section B. (11.) Signatory Requirements
• Section D. (2.) Reporting
• Section D. (6.) Records Retention
• Section E. (5.) Monitoring Reports
1. Rel?orft Re uirements [Supersedes Section D. (2.1 and Section E..{5jLaj]
The permittee shall report discharge monitoring data electronically using the NC DWR's Electronic
Discharge Monitoring Report (eDMR) internet application.
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month and
submitted electronically using eDMR. The eDMR system allows permitted facilities to enter monitoring
data and submit DMRs electronically using the internet. Until such time that the states eDMR application
is compliant with EPA's Cross -Media Electronic Reporting Regulation (CROMERR), permittees will be
required to submit all discharge monitoring data to the state 'electronically using eDMR and will be
required to complete the eDMR submission by printing, signing, and submitting one signed original and
a copy of the computer printed eDMR to the following address:.
NC DEQ / Division of Water Resources / Water Quality Permitting Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
If a permittee is unable to use the eDMR system due to a demonstrated hardship or due to the facility
being physically located in an area where less than 10 percent of the households have broadband access,
then a temporary waiver from the NPDES electronic reporting requirements may be granted and
discharge monitoring data may be submitted on paper DMR forms (MR 1,1.1, 2, 3) or alternative forms
approved by the Director. Duplicate signed copies shall be submitted to the mailing address above. See
"How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting" section below.
Regardless of the submission method, the first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the
issuance of the permit or in the case of a new facility, on the last day of the month following the
commencement of discharge.
Starting on December 21, 2020, the permittee must electronically report the following compliance
monitoring data and reports, when applicable:
• Sewer Overflow/Bypass Event Reports;
• Pretreatment Program Annual Reports; and
• Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 316(b) Annual Reports.
The permittee may seek an electronic reporting waiver from the Division (see "How to Request a Waiver
from Electronic Reporting" section below).
Page 23 of 27

Permit NC0004308
2. EIectronic Submissions
In accordance with 40 CFR 122.41(1)(9), the permittee must identify the initial recipient at the time of each
electronic submission. The permittee should use the EPA's website resources to identify the initial
recipient for the electronic submission.
Initial recipient of electronic NPDES information from NPDES-regulated facilities means the entity (EPA
or the state authorized by EPA to implement the NPDES program) that is the designated entity for
receiving electronic NPDES data [see 40 CFR 127.2(b)].
EPA plans to establish a website that will also link to the appropriate electronic reporting tool for each type
of electronic submission and for each state. Instructions on how to access and use the appropriate electronic
reporting tool will be available as well. Information on EPA's NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule is found at:
htt )s: www.federalre inter. ov documents ' 2015 10 22 2015-24954 national- ollutant-dischar •e-
elimination-s ystem-n des -electronic -re ortin -rule
Electronic submissions must start by the dates listed in the "Reporting Requirements" section above.
3. How to Rec, uest a Waiver from Electronic Reoortin
The permittee may seek a temporary electronic reporting waiver from the Division. To obtain an
electronic reporting waiver, a permittee must first submit an electronic reporting waiver request to the
Division. Requests for 'temporary electronic reporting waivers must be submitted in writing to the
Division for written approval at least sixty (60) days prior to the date the facility would be required under
this permit to begin submitting monitoring data and reports. The duration of a temporary waiver shall
not exceed 5 years and shall thereupon expire. At such time, monitoring data and reports shall be
submitted electronically to the Division unless the permittee re -applies for and is granted a new
temporary electronic reporting waiver by the Division. Approved electronic reporting waivers are not
transferrable. Only permittees with an approved reporting waiver request may submit monitoring data
and reports on paper to the Division for the period that the approved reporting waiver request is effective.
Information on eDMR and the application for a temporary electronic reporting waiver are found on the
following web page:
h d .nc. ov about divisions water -resources edmr
4. SignatM Requirements [Supplements Section B. (11.1 (b) and Supersedes Section B. (11) (dil
All eDMRs submitted to the permit issuing authority shall be signed by a person described in Part II,
Section B. (11.)(a) or by a duly authorized representative of that person as described in Part II, Section B.
(11.)(b). A person, and not a position, must be delegated signatory authority for eDMR reporting
purposes.
For eDMR submissions, the person signing and submitting the DMR must obtain an eDMR user account
and login credentials to access the eDMR system. For more information on North Carolina's eDMR
system, registering for eDMR and obtaining an eDMR user account, please visit the following web page:
htt ): d .nc. ov abouti divisions water -resources ednu
Page 24 of 27

Permit NC0004308
Certification. Any person submitting an electronic DMR using the state's eDMR system shall make the
following certification [40 CFR 122.22]. NO OTHER STATEMENTS OF CERTIFICATION WILL BE
ACCEPTED:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons
directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of f nes and imprisonment for knowing violations. "
5. Records Retention I Supplements Section D. 6.
The permittee shall retain records of all Discharge Monitoring Reports, including eDMR submissions.
These records or copies shall be maintained for a period of at least 3,years from the date of the report.
This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time [40 CFR 122.411.
C.(7.) MIXING ZONE (Outfall 012)
(a.) The mixing zone for outfall 012 consists of a circular area with a radius of 5.6 m from die diffuser.
(b.) Instream Sampling shall be collected as follows:
PARAMETER
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Measurement
Frequencv
Sample
Type
Sample Location 1
H
Monthly
Grab
MZ1, MZ2, MZ3
Total Cvanide
Monthly
Grab
MZ1, MZ2, MZ3
Total Fluoride
Monthly
Grab
MZ1, MZ2, MZ3
Trichloroethylene CE
Monthly
Grab
MZ1, MZ2, MZ3
Footnote:
1. MZ1 - Lake Badin 20 feet from the diffuser on a parallel line projected from the diffuser. MZ2 - Lake
Badin 20 feet from the diffuser on a perpendicular line projected from the diffuser (oriented SE). MZ3
- Lake Badin 20 feet from the diffuser on a perpendicular line projected from the diffuser (oriented
NW). For each instream sampling location, samples must be collected at the surface and at depth of
approximately 3.5 meters.
(c.) Sampling results shall be reported in the DMRs. See special condition C.(6.)
Page 25 of 27

Permit NC0004308
Badin Business Park — Stanly County I Location Map 1
Receiving Stream: Badin Lake (Yadkin River) and UT to Little Mountain Creek
Stream Classification: WS-N CA & 8 and WS-IV
River Basin: Yadkin/Pee Dee
Sub -Basin #: 03-07-08
USGS Quad #: F18NE, F18NW Badin & New London, NC
Page 26 of 27
N�
NPDES Permit No. NC0004308

Permit NC0004308
Table 1. Outfall Locations
Outfall
Latitude
LoxWtude
002
350 24'
29.89"
800
6'
54.48"
004
350 24'
11.58"
800
7'
11.38"
005
350 24'
9.25"
800
7'
14.73"
Oil
350 24'
42.59"
800
6'
53.49"
012
350 24'
43.13"
800
6'
50.04"
013
350 24'
50.78"
800
6'
59.26"
017
350 24'
9.04"
800
7'
14.75"
018
350 24'
12.64"
800
7'
34.48"
019
350 24'
46.88"
800
6'
16.53"
020
350 24'
31.45"
800
6'
57.02"
022
350 24'
7.45"
800
7'
23:99"
Page 27 of 27

Water Resources
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
September 29, 2017
Ms. Robyn Gross, Director, Assets Management America
Badin Business Park, LLC
201 Isabella St.
Pittsburg, PA 15212
Dear Ms. Gross:
ROY COOPER
MICHAEL S. REGAN
S, JAY ZIMMERMAN
Subject: Final NPDES Permit Renewal
Permit NC0004308
Alcoa Badin Works
Stanly County
Class I Facility
Division personnel have reviewed and approved your application for renewal of the subject permit.
Accordingly, we are forwarding the attached NPDES permit. This permit is issued pursuant to the
requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 and the Memorandum of Agreement
between North Carolina and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency dated October 15, 2007
(or as subsequently amended).
The name change request was addressed with the permit renewal. The name of the penmittee was
changed to Badin Business Park, LLC.
In response to your comments dated November 18, 2015 the Division offers the following
responses:
• Critical dilution for outfall 012 - The Division agrees to use the chronic dilution of 26:1
(3.8 % 1 WC) for the whole effluent toxicity (WET) test for outfall 012. The WET test was
modified to reflect an IWC of 3.8 %.
• Cyanide limit for outfall 012 — The Division agrees to modify the acute daily limit using
the dilution factor of 14:1 and the non -trout criteria of 46.6 µg/l that was used for other
outfalls. The cyanide daily maximum limit was modified to 652 µg/l.
Compliance Schedule for outfalls 005, 011, 012, and 013 - Based on public concerns, the
Department withdrew the compliance schedule for outfalls 005, 011, 012, and 013. Alcoa
can employ other mechanisms for attaining compliance with new limits such as a special
order of compliance (SOC). This is a more appropriate mechanism than addressing the
non compliance with a schedule of compliance in the permit as the SOC is designed to
address compliance issues and track schedules and fines. Alcoa was aware that water
quality standards were exceeded at most outfalls for several years and has indicated that
State ofNWhCerollne I Ewhomentel Quality I WaterResouroes
1617 Matz Service (enter I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
919 907 6300

Page 12
studies had been started some time ago to identify the sources and develop an action plan.
These efforts can be included in the special order.
• Instream monitoring requirements - The Division modified the instream sampling
requirements considering the results of the CERCLA study. Special Condition A.(8)
includes requirements for a monitoring study to evaluate the effect of the new slurry wall
installed below the landfill. Sampling will be required in the three channels below the
landfill. Sampling stations in Little Mountain Creek were modified to three stations, one
station before the Alcoa Badin landfill, one after the landfill before the confluence with
the unnamed tributary, and one after the unnamed tributary downstream of NCSR 740.
• TCE limits Outfalls 011 and 012 — The Division does not agree to remove the limits for
TCE. The Division agrees to modify the limit using the state water quality standard of 2.5
µg/1 and to use the alternative name thrichloroethylene.
• Free cyanide vs Total Cyanide - North Carolina adopted a freshwater cyanide water
quality standard of 5 µg/1 for protection of aquatic life. The North Carolina water quality
standard to protect for aquatic life is expressed as total cyanide. EPA recently published
updated human health criteria for cyanide for consumption of water and for consumption
of organisms. Human health criteria applicable for water supply waters is 4 µg/1. Although
the reference doses EPA used for developing criteria were for free cyanide, the criteria is
expressed as total cyanide. Since the NC water quality standard is expressed as total
cyanide and the new EPA human health criteria is also expressed as total cyanide, the
limit in the permit is expressed as total cyanide.
• Frequency of toxicity testing at outfall 011 — The Division does not agree to change the
test from quarterly to annual. The quarterly chronic test for outfall 011 was implemented
to be consistent with outfalls 005 and 013 since they are all classified as discharges of
groundwater and stormwater.
• Monthly average limits and sample type outfall 011— The Division agrees to change the
monitoring requirements for this outfall as it is not a continuous discharge. Sampling type
was modified to grab for all parameters. Limits were modified to acute limits as daily
maximums.
• Delete outfall 019 - The Division does not agree to delete outfall 019. There is limited
discharge data for this outfall. In addition, EPA suggested more monitoring for this
outfall. Although the monitoring suggested by EPA has not been implemented, once more
data is collected during this permit cycle the Division will reconsider removing the outfall.
• Outfall 019 monitoring/sample type - Sample type for flow was corrected to
instantaneous.
• Representative outfall status outfalls 018 and 022 — After consideration of the results of
the CERCLA Site Inspection Report completed by the Division of Waste Management the
monitoring requirements for outfalls 018 and 022 were modified. The permit was
modified to include monitoring requirements similar to other outfalls that discharge
stormwater and groundwater.
• Compliance schedule for stormwater outfalls - DEMLR does not agree to a schedule of
compliance. The tiered approach in the stormwater section is comparable to a built-in
compliance schedule for stormwater pollutants.

Page 13
As a result of comments received during the public comment period and additional revisions by
the Division the permit was modified as follows:
• Cyanide reporting level - The footnote for cyanide and fluoride was modified to require
the use of sufficiently sensitive test procedures.
• The RPA for outfall 005 was revised. As a result of the RPA a Total Residual Chlorine
daily maximum limit of 17 µg/l for was added to this outfall.
• Daily maximum limits for continuous outfalls - Effluent limits for outfalls 011 and 012
were modified to include daily maximum limits for Trichloroethylene (TCE). Per federal
regulation 40 CFR § 122.45(d)(1) daily maximum and monthly average limits are required
for continuous discharges. The daily limits were calculated using a multiplier of 1.5 as
recommended by the EPA.
• Mixing zone analysis - Special Condition C. (7) was added to the permit to require an
updated mixing zone analysis for outfall 012. The mixing zone analysis that was
performed in 1990 was performed under different discharge conditions. Current conditions
and background concentrations should be evaluated using a current dilution model.
• The RPA for outfall 012 was revised to include total residual chlorine data. The data
presents no reasonable potential.
• The Division recommends that Alcoa requests the US Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE)
to issue a jurisdictional determination for the seepage/drainages from the Alcoa-Badin
landfill.
If any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this permit are
unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within
thirty (30) days following receipt of this letter. This request must be in the form of a written
petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the
Office of Administrative Hearings (6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-
6714). Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final and binding.
Please note that this permit is not transferable except after notice to the Division. The Division
may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit. This permit does not affect
the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by the Division of Water
Resources or any other Federal, State, or Local governmental permits that may be required.

Page 14
If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact Teresa Rodriguez at (919) 807-
6387 or via email at [e-mail].
Sincerely,
S. merman, P.G.
Director', Division of Water Resources, NCDEQ
Hardcopy: NPDES Files
Central Files
DWR/Mooresville Regional Office / Water Quality
Ecopy: US EPA Region 4
DWR/Ecosystems Branch/Steve Kruger
DWR/Aquatic Toxicology Branch/Susan Meadows
DWM/Hazardous Waste Section/Robert McDaniel

Permit NC0004308
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELINIINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful standards and
regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, and
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Badin Business Park, LLC.
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwater from a facility located at the
Alcoa - Badin Works
NC Hwy. 740 & NCSR 1719
Stanly County
to receiving waters designated as UT to Little Mountain Creek and Badin Lake (Yadkin River) in the Yadkin
- Pee Dee River Basin
in accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts I, H,
and III of this permit.
This permit shall become effective November 1, 2017.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on October 31, 2022.
Signed this day September 29, 2017.
S. Jay i an, P.G.
Director, D ision of Water Resources
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Page 1 of 32

Permit NC0004308
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
The authority to operate and discharge from this facility arises exclusively under the terms and conditions of this
NPDES Permit. Therefore, upon the effective date of this permit, any and all previous NPDES Permits issued for
this facility and bearing this permit number are revoked.
Badin Business Park, LLC.
is hereby authorized to:
1. Discharge the following:
• stormwater at Outfalls 002, 004, 017, and 020;
groundwater, stormwater and or fire protection water at Outfalls 005, Outfall 012, Outfall 011 when
flows exceed the capacity of the diffuser, Outfall 013, Outfall 018 and Outfall 022;
• overflow from stormwater retention pond at OutfaR 019.
all outfalls being located at or near the Alcoa - Badin Works in Stanly County; and
2. Discharge such groundwater, stormwater and/or fire protection water from locations specified on the
attached map into an unnamed tributary to Little Mountain Creek (Outfails 004, 005, 017, 018, and 022)
and into Badin Lake (Yadkin River) (Outfalls 002, 011, 012, 013, 019, 020) which are classified as Class
"WS-IV" waters and Class "WS-1V CA & B" wafters, respectively, in the Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin.
All discharges shall be in accordance with the attached schedules as follows:
Part I: Monitoring, Controls, and Limitations for Permitted Discharges
A. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements
B. Stormwater Management Requirements
C. Special Conditions
Part I1: Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits
Part III: Other Requirements
Any other point source discharge to surface waters of the state is prohibited unless covered by another
permit, authorization, or approval.
This permit does not relieve the Permittee from responsibility for compliance with any other applicable
federal, state, or local law, rule, standard, ordinance, order, judgment, or decree.
Page 2 of 32

Permit NC0004308
PARTI
SECTION A - EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is
authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwater associated with the activities described in its current
NPDES permit application. Such discharges shall be monitored, controlled, and limited as specified below.
A.(1.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 005 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater, stormwater, and fire protection water at
Outfall 005 subject to the following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
Flow
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly Weekly Daily Measurement Sample
Average Average I Maximum Frequency Type
Sample
Location 2
Shall remain within the
to 9.0 standard units at
range of 6.0
all times
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
pH
Monthly
Grab
E
`Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Fluoride 4
1.8 mg/l
24 mg/I
Monthly
Composite 3
E
Total Cyanide 4
5 µg/l
46.6 µg/l
Monthly JGrab
E
Total Residual Chlorine 4 1_7 µg/l
Acute Toxicity s
Monthly I
Grab E
Quarterly I
Composite 3 E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWWs eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent
3. The Permittee may use time -proportionate compositing or other sampling method provided that the
alternate method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the
monitoring period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive' when: (1) The method minimum level
(ML) is at or below the Ievel of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant
or pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved
under 40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured
pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the
actual laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
5. Acute Toxicity P/F Quarterly; see Special Condition C. (1).
Page 3 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A.(2.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 011 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period begnuung on the effective date of this permit and Iasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to dischargefire protection waters, groundwater, and storm water
exceeding the Outfall 012 diffuser capacity at Outfall 011 subject to the following effluent limitations and
monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT
LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly Daily Measurement
Average Maximum Frequency
Sample
Type
Sample
Location Z
Flow
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Grab
E
Total Fluoride 3
24 mg/I
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Cyanide 3
46.6 µg/I
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Grab
E
Trichloroethylene (TCE) 3A
3.7 µg/l
Monthly
Quarterly
Grab
Grab
E
E
p H
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Acute Toxicity 5
Quarterly I
Grab
E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR`s eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The permitee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CPR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level
(ML) is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant
or pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved
under 40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter 1, subchapter N or O for the measured
pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the
actual laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
4. The facility may request that the Division review the data after collection of at least 12 data points to
determine if there is reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standard or EPA criteria. If no
reasonable potential exists, the Division may remove the limit and/or reduce the monitoring
frequency.
5. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Quarterly; see Special Condition C. (2).
Page 4 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A.(3.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 012 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge fire protection waters, groundwater, and stormwater at
Outfall 012 (diffuser) subject to the following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Average
Daily
Maximum
Measurement
Frequency
Sample
Type
Sample
Location 2
Flow
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
pH
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times
130 µg/1 F60,52 µg/1
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Cyanide 4
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Fluoride 4
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Trichloroethylene (TCE) 4.5
65 µg/l
97.5 µg/1
Monthly I
Grab
E
Chronic Toxicity a
1
1
Quarterly I
Composite 3
E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR`s eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The Permittee may use time -proportionate compositing or other sampling method provided that the
alternate method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the
monitoring period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level
(ML) is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant
or pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved
under 40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured
pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the
actual laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
5. The facility may request that the Division review the data after collection of at least 12 data points to
determine if there is reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standard or EPA criteria. If no
reasonable potential exists, the Division may remove the limit and/or reduce the monitoring
frequency.
6. Chronic Toxicity Pass/Fail Quarterly; see Special Condition C. (3).
Page 5 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A. (4.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfa11013 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater and stormwater at Outfall 013 subject to the
following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Average
Daily
Maximum
Measurement
Frequency
Sample Type
Sample
Location s
Flow
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Total Suspended Solids
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Aluminum
Quarterly
Composite 3
E
Total Fluoride
Quarterly
Monthly
Monthly
Composite 3 E
Grab E
Grab E
Total Cyanide 4
5 µg/l
46.6 µg/l
pH
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Acute Toxicity s 1
Quarterly
Composite 3 E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system. Please
See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. The Permittee may use tune -proportionate compositing or other sampling method provided that the
alternate method yields samples that are reasonably representative of the discharge during the
monitoring period.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level (ML) is
at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or pollutant
parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under 40 CFR part
136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or pollutant
parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual Iaboratory results
for each effluent sample bested.
5. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Quarterly; see Special Condition C.(2).
Page 6 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A. (5.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 018 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater and stormwater at Outfall 018 subject to the
following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
PARAMETER Monthly Weekly Daily Measurement Sample Type Sample s
Average Average Maximum I Frequency Location
Flow
Total Suspended Solids
Total Aluminum
Total Fluoride
Total Cvanide 9
MEXI
I Acute Toxicity 4
Footnotes:
24 mg/1
46.6 µg/ l
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times
Monthly
Instantaneous
E
Monthly
Grab
E
Monthly
Grab
E
Monthly
Grab
E
Monthly
Grab
E
Monthly
Grab
E
Quarterly
Grab
E
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent. Sample shall be collected at the end of the stormwater ditch.
3. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method mindmum level
(ML) is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant
or pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved
under 40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or O for the measured
pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the
actual laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
4. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Quarterly, see Special Condition C.(2).
Page 7 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A. (6) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfall 019 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge overflow, from the retention pond at the Old Brick Landfill
at Outfall 019 subject to the following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Average
Daily 'Measurement
Maximum Frequency
Sample Type
Sample
Location 2
Flop'
Semi-annual
Instantaneous
E
Total Rainfall (inches) 3
Semi-annual
Rain gauge
—
Total Suspended Solids
Semi-annual
Grab
E
Total Aluminum
Semi-annual
Grab
E
Total Fluoride 4
Semi-annual
Semi-annual
Annual
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
E
E
E
E
Total Cyanide 4
pH
Shall remain within the range of 6.0
to 9.0 standard units at all times-ual
Acute Toxicity s
T
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application system.
Please See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent.
3. For each sampled representative storm event the total precipitation must be recorded. An on -site
rain gauge or local rain gauge reading must be recorded.
4. The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CPR part 136 for the
analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level
(ML) is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant
or pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved
under 40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter 1, subchapter N or O for the measured
pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the
actual laboratory results for each, effluent sample Nested.
5. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Annual; see Special Condition C. (4).
Page 8 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A. (7.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfa11022 [15A
NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge groundwater and storrnwater at Outfa11022 subject to the
following effluent limitations and monitoring' requirements:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Average
Daily
Maximum
Measurement
Frequency
Monthly
Sample Type Sample
Location s
! Instantaneous E
Flow
Total Suspended Solids
Monthly
Grab
E
Total Aluminum
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
E
E
E
E
Total Fluoride
24 mg/1
Total Cyanide 3
ETSb,a,eIl
46.6 µg/1
pH
remain within the range of 6.0
9.0 standard units at all times
Acute Toxicity 4
Quarterly
Grab
E
Footnotes:
1. Submit Discharge Monitoring Reports electronically using NC DWR's eDMR application
system. Please See Special Condition C. (6).
2. Sample locations: E - Effluent. Samples shall be collected at the end of the stormwater ditch.
3. The pernuttee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136
for the analysis of pollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method
minimum level (ML) is at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the
measured pollutant or pollutant parameter; or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical
methods approved under 40 CFR part 136 or required under 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter N or
O for the measured pollutant or pollutant parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge
Monitoring Reports the actual laboratory results for each effluent sample tested.
4. Acute Toxicity Monitoring Quarterly; see Special Condition C.(2).
A. (8.) MONITORING STUDY [15A NCAC 02B .0500 et seq.]
(a.) A monitoring study shall be conducted to evaluate pollutant contributions from the landfill to Little
Mountain Creek and the floodplain commencing on November 1, 2017 and terminating on October
31, 2018.
(b) Monitoring is required for the following parameters at the locations specified:
PARAMETER
i MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Measurement Sample Te
Frequency
Sample Location 1
H
Monthl,
Grab
UI, D1, D2
Total Cyanide
Monthly
Grab
Ul, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Total Fluoride
Monthlv
Grab
Ul, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Total Lead
Monthly
Grab
U1, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Total Arsenic
Monthly
Grab
Grab
U1, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
D2
Priority Pollutant
Analysis
Footnote 2
Monthly
Hardness -Total as
[CaCO3 or (Ca + Mg)]
mg/L
Grab
U1
Page 9 of 32

Permit NC0004308
Footnotes:
1. U1-.Little Mountain Creek Upstream of the Alcoa -Kadin landfill, D1- Little Mountain Creek
downstream from Alcoa-Badin landfill before the unnamed tributary confluence, D2 - Little
Mountain Creek downstream from NC 740, D3 - channel below west toe drain, D4- channel
below middle toe drain, D5 - channel below east toe drain.
2. One Priority Pollutant Analysis shall be performed during the time of the study. The Priority
Pollutant Analysis consists of the 126 pollutants included in Appendix A to 40 CFR 423 as listed
in special condition A.(9)(a).
(c.) No latex than 90 days after completion of the study the permittee shall submit a report to the
Division summarizing all data collected. The permit may be reopened to revise monitoring, and/or
require remediation actions based on the results of the monitoring study. The report shall be
submitted to:
Division of Water Resources
Water Quality Permitting Section - NPDES Complex Permitting Branch
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Page 10 of 32

Permit NC0004308
A. (9.) PRIORITY POLLUTANT ANALYSIS [G.S.143-215.1(b)]
(a.) By November 1, 2018 the permittee shall submit the result of a priority pollutant scan for each of the
following outfalls: 005, 011, 012, 013, 018 and 022. The pollutant analysis shall consist of the 126
pollutants included in Appendix A to 40 CFR 423 and listed in the following table:
Acena hthene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Methylene chloride
Vinyl chloride
Methyl chloride
Aldrin
Methyl bromide
Dieldrin
Bromoform
Chlordane
Benzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
4A-DDT
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorodibromomethane
4,4-DDE
Chlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
4,4-DDD
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
Hexachlo cIo entadiene
Al ha-endosuifan
Hexachlorobenzene
Iso horone
Beta-endosulfan
1,2-dichloroethane
Naphthalene .
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
1,1,1-trichloreothane
Nitrobenzene
Hexachloroethane
2-nitro henoI
Endrin aldehyde
1,1-dichIoroethane
4-nitro henol
2,4-dinitro henol
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
1,1,2 triddoroethane
t,1,z,2-tetrachloroethane
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
AI ha-BHC
Chloroethane
N nitrosodimeth ylamine
Beta-BHC
Bis 2-chloroeth ,I ether
N-nitrosodi hen lamine
Gamma-BHC
2-chIcroeth 1 vinyl ethers
N-nitrosodi n- ro ]amine
Delta-BHC
2-chlorona hthalene
2,4,6-trichloro phenol
I Pentachloro henoI
Phenol
PCB-1242 Arochlor 1242
PCB-1254 Arochlor 1254
Paiachlorometa cresol
Bis(2-eth thephthalate
PCB-1221(Arochlor 1221
Chloroform
Butyl benzvl hthalate
PCB-1232 Arochlor 1232
2-chlorohenol
Di-N-Butyl Phthalate
PCB-1248 Arochlor 1248
1,2-dichlorobenzene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
PCB-1260 Arochlor 1260)
1,3-dichlorobenzene
Diethvl Phthalate
PCB-1016 Arochlor 1016)
1,4-dichlorobenzene
Dimethyl phthalate
Toxa hene
3,3-dichlorobenzidine
benzo(a) anthracene
Antimony
1,1-dichloroethvlene
1,2-trans-dichloroethvlene
Benzo a vrene
Benzo b' fluoranthene
Arsenic
Asbestos
2,4-dichloro phenol
Benzo'k) fluoranthene
Beryllium
1,2-dichloro ro pane
Chrysene
Cadmium
1,3-dichloropropylene
Acena hthvlene
Chromium
2,4-dimethylphenol
2,4-dinitrotoluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
Anthracene
hi) perylene
Fluorene
Copper
Cyanide, Total
Lead
1,2-di henylhydrazine
Phenanthrene
Mercury
Ethvlbenzene _
Fluoranthene
Dibenzo ,h anthracene
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) rene
Nickel
Selenium
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
F ti,rene
Silver
Page 11 of 32

Permit NC0004308
7
(b.) This permit may be reopened to implement limits or monitoring requirements based on the results
of the pollutant analysis.
SECTION B - STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS [G.S. 143-215.1 (a) et seq.,
15A NCAC 02H .0126 et seq.]
B-(L) STORMWATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS - Outfalls 002, 004, 017 & 020
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until the expiration date of this
permit, the Permittee is authorized to discharge stonnwater at Outfalls 002, 004, 017, and 020. Such
discharges shall be controlled, limited, and monitored as specified in this permit
1. Anal 'cal Monito '
Analytical monitoring of stormwater discharges shall be performed as specified below. All analytical
monitoring shall be performed during a measureable storm event.
A measurable storm event is a storm event that results in an actual discharge from the permitted site
outfall. The previous measurable storm event must have been at least 72 hours prior. The 72-hour
storm interval does not apply if the permittee is able to document that a shorter interval is
representative for Iocal storm events during the sampling period, and the permittee obtains approval
from the local DEMLR Re_ 'onal En, ineer See Definitions).
Discharge Characteristics
Units
Measurement
Sample
Sample
Frec uenc�•1
Tv e2
Loeation3_
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
mg/L
se"i-annual
Grab
SDO
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Aluminum, Total Recoverable
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Cyanide
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Fluoride
mg/L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Rainfall¢
inches
semi-annual
Rain
_
Gauge +
Footnotes:
1. Measurement Frequency: Twice per year (unless other provisions of this permit prompt monthly
sampling) during a measureable storm event, until either another permit is issued for this facility or
until this permit is revoked or rescinded. If the facility is monitoring monthly because of Tier Two
or Three response actions under the previous permit, the facility shall continue a monthly
monitoring and reporting schedule in Tier Two or Tier Three status until relieved by the provisions
of this permit by DEMLR.
Page 12 of 32

Permit NC0004308
2. Grab samples shall be collected within the first 30 minutes of discharge. When physical separation
between outfalis prevents collecting all samples within the first 30 minutes, sampling shall begin
within the first 30 minutes, and shall continue until completed.
3. Sample Location: Samples shall be collected at each stormwater discharge outfall (SDO) unless
representative outfall status (ROS) has been granted. A copy of DEMLWs letter granting ROS shall
be kept on site.
4. For each sampled measureable storm event, the total precipitation must be recorded. An on -site rain
gauge is required. Where isolated sites are unmanned for extended periods of time, a local rain
gauge reading may be substituted for an on -site reading.
The permittee shall complete the analytical samplings in accordance with the schedule specified below,
unless adverse weather conditions prevent sample collection. A minimum of 60 days must separate
Period 1 and Period 2 sample dates, unless monthly monitoring has been instituted under a Tier Two
response. inability to sample because of adverse weather conditions must be documented in the SPPP
and recorded on the DMR. The permittee must report the results from each sample taken within the
monitoring period (see Part II, Section D). However, for purposes of benchmark comparison and Tiered
response actions, the permittee shall use the analytical results from the first sample with valid results
within the monitoring period.
Monitoring Schedule
Monitoring period1z Sample Number
Year 1- Period 1 1
Year 1- Period 2 2
Start
End
January 1, 2018
June 30, 2018
July 1, 2018
January 1, 2019
December 31, 2018
June 30, 2019
Year 2 - Period 1
3
Year 2 - Period 2
14
July 1, 2019
December 31, 2019
Year 3 - Period 1
5
January 1, 2020
June 30, 2020
Year 3 - Period 2
6
July 1, 2020
December 31, 2020
Year 4 - Period 1
7
8
January 1, 2021
July 1, 2021
June 30, 2021
December 1, 2021
Year 4 - Period 2
Year 5 - Period 1 9
Year 5 - Period 2 10
January 1, 2022
June 30, 2022
December 1, 2022
July 1, 2022
Footnotes:
1. Maintain semi-annual monitoring until either another permit is issued for this facility or until this
permit is revoked or rescinded. The permittee must submit an application for renewal of coverage
before the submittal deadline (180 days before expiration) to be considered for renewed coverage
under the permit. The permittee must continue analytical monitoring throughout the permit
renewal process, even if a renewal permit is not issued until after expiration of this permit.
2. If no discharge occurs during the sampling period, the permittee must submit a monitoring report
indicating "No Flow" or "No Discharge" within 30 days of the end of the sampling period.
Failure to monitor semi-annually per permit terms may result in DEMLR requiring monthly monitoring
for all parameters for a specified time period. "No discharge" from an outfall during a monitoring period
does not constitute failure to monitor, as Iong as it is properly recorded and reported.
Page 13 of 32

Permit NC0004308
The permittee shall compare monitoring results to the benchmark values below. Exceedances of benchmark
values require the permittee to increase monitoring, increase management actions, increase record keeping,
and/or install stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) in a tiered program. See below the
descriptions of Tier One, Tier Two, and Tier Three response actions. In the event that DEMLR releases the
permittee from continued monthly monitoring and reporting under Tier Two or Tier Three, DEMLR's release
letter may remain in effect through subsequent reissuance of this permit, unless the release letter provides for
other conditions or duration.
Benchmark Values for
Discharge Characteristics
Total Suspended Solids (155)
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Aluminum, Total Recoverable
Total Cyanide
Total Fluoride
Units
mg/L
100
mg/L
120
mg/L
0.75
mg/L
0.02
mg/L
6
Benchmark
The benchmark values above are not i permit limits but should be used as guidelines for implementation of
the permittee's SPPP. An exceedance of a stormwater benchmark value is not a permit violation; however,
failure to respond to the exceedance as outlined in this permit is a violation of permit conditions.
Tier One
If: The first valid sampling results are above a benchmark value for any parameter at anv outfall;
Then: The permittee shall:
1. Conduct a stormwater management inspection of the facility within two weeks of receiving
sampling results.
2. Identify and evaluate possible causes of the benchmark value exceedance.
3. Identify potential, and select the specific feasible: source controls, operational controls, or physical
improvements to reduce concentrations of the parameters of concern
4. Implement the selected feasible actions within two months of the inspection.
5. Record each instance of a Tier One response in the SPPP. Include the date and value of the
benchmark exceedence, the inspection date, the personnel conducting the inspection, the selected
actions, and the date the selected actions were implemented.
6. Note: Benchmark exceedances for a different parameter serarate1v triever a tiered response.
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Permit NC0004308
Tier Two
If: The first valid sampling results from two consecutive monitoring periods are above the benchmark
values for any specific parameter at aspecific discharge outfall;
Then: The permittee shall:
1. Repeat all the required actions outlined above in Tier One.
2. Immediately institute monthly monitoring and reporting for all parameters. The permittee shall
conduct monthly monitoring at every outfall where a sampling result exceeded the benchmark value
for two consecutive samples. Monthly (analytical and qualitative) monitoring shall continue until
three consecutive sample results are below the benchmark values or within benchmark range.
3. If no discharge occurs during the sampling period, the permittee is required to submit a monthly
monitoring report indicating "No Flow" to comply with reporting requirements.
4. Alternatively, in lieu of steps 2 and 3, the permittee may, after two consecutive exceedances, exercise
the option of contacting the DEMLR Regional Engineer as provided below in Tier Three. The
Regional Engineer may direct the response actions on the part of the permittee as provided in Tier
Three, including reduced or additional sampling parameters or frequency.
5. Maintain a record of the Tier Two response in the SPPP.
6. Continue Tier Two res; -onse obligations throughout the permit renewal process.
Tier Three
If: The valid sampling results required for the permit monitoring periods exceed the benchmark value for
any specific parameter at any specific outfali on four occasions, the permittee shall notify the DEMLR
Regional Engineer in writing within 30 des of receipt of the fourth analytical results; -- -
Them The Division may but is not limited to:
• require that the permittee revise, increase, or decrease the monitoring and reporting frequency for
some or all of the parameters herein;
• require sampling of additional or substitute parameters;
• require the permittee to install structural stormwater controls;
• require the permittee to implement other stormwater control measures;
• require the permittee to perform upstream and downstream monitoring to characterize impacts on
receiving waters; or
• require the permittee implement site modifications to qualify for a No Exposure Exclusion;
• re :uire the ermittee to continue Tier Three ob11-Ations throueh the vermit renewal r'rocess.
2. Qualitative Monitoring Requirements
The purpose of qualitative monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan (SPPP) and identify new potential sources of stormwater pollution. Qualitative
monitoring of stormwater outfalls must be performed during a measurable storm event.
Qualitative monitoring requires a visual inspection of each stormwater outfall regardless of
representative outfall status. Qualitative monitoring shall be performed semi-annually as specified
below, and during required analytical monitoring events (unless the permittee is required to perform
further qualitative monitoring per the Qualitative Monitoring Response, below). Inability to monitor
because of adverse weather conditions must be documented in the SPPP and recorded on the
Qualitative Monitoring Report form (see Adverse Weather in Definitions). Only SDOs discharging
stormwater associated with industrial activity must be monitored (See Definitions).
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Permit NC0004308
In the event an atypical condition is noted at a stormwater discharge outfall, the permittee shall
document the suspected cause of the condition and any actions taken in response to the discovery. This
documentation will be maintained with the SPPP.
Qualitative Monitoring Requirements
Discharge Characteristics
Frequencyl
semi-annual
semi-annual
Monitoring
Location2
Color
SDO
Odor
SDO
Clarity
semi-annual
SDO
Floating Solids
semi-annual
SDO
SuTLnded Solids
semi-annual
SDO
Foam
semi-annual
SDO
Oil Sheen
semi-annual
SDO
Erosion or deposition at the outfall
semi-annual
SDO
Other obvious indicators
of stormwater pollution
semi-annual
SDO
Footnotes:
1. Monitoring Frequency: Twice per year during a measureable storm event unless other
provisions of this permit prompt monthly monitoring. See schedule of monitoring periods
through the end of this permitting cycle. The permittee must continue qualitative monitoring
throughout the permit renewal process until a new permit is issued.
2. Monitoring Location: Qualitative monitoring shall be performed at each stormwater discharge
outfall (SDO) regardless of representative outfall status.
A minimum of 60 days must separate monitoring dates, unless additional sampling has been instituted as
part of other analytical monitoring requirements in this permit.
If the permittee's qualitative monitoring indicates that existing stormwater BMPs are ineffective, or
that significant stormwater contamination is present, the permittee shall investigate potential causes,
evaluate the feasibility of corrective action, and implement those corrective actions within 60 days, per
the Qualitative Monitoring Response, below. A written record of the permittaee's investigation,
evaluation, and response actions shall be kept in the SPPP.
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Permit NC0004308
Qualitative monitoring is for the purposes of evaluating SPPP effectiveness, identifying new
potential sources of stormwater pollution, and prompting the pernnittee's response to pollution, If
the permittee repeatedly fails to respond effectively to correct problems identified by qualitative
monitoring, or if the discharge causes or contributes to a water quality standard violation, DEMLR
may but is not limited to:
• require that the permittee revise, increase, or decrease the monitoring frequency for some or
all parameters (analytical or qualitative)
• require the permittee to install structural stormwater controls;
• require the permittee to implement other stormwater control measures,
• require the permitlee to perform upstream and downstream monitoring to characterize
impacts on receiving waters; or
• require the peruddee imtlement site modifications to qualihv for a No Exposure Exclusion.
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Permit NC0004308
B.(2.) STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
The permittee shall develop and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP). The SPPP
shall be maintained on site unless exempted from this requirement by DEMLR. The SPPP is public
information in accordance with Part II, Standard Conditions, Section E Paragraph 10 of this permit. The
SPPP shall include, at a minimum, the following items:
1. Site Overview. The Site Overview shall provide a description of the physical facility and the potential
pollutant sources that may be expected to contribute to contamination of stormwater discharges. The
Site Overview shall contain the following:
(a) A general location map (USGS quadrangle map or appropriately drafted equivalent map), showing
the facility's location in relation to transportation routes and surface waters; the name of the
receiving waters to which the stormwater outfalls discharge, or if the discharge is to a municipal
separate storm sewer system, the name of the municipality and the ultimate receiving waters; and
accurate latitude and longitude of the points of stormwater discharge associated with industrial
activity. The general location map (or alternatively the site map) shall identify whether any
receiving waters are impaired (on the states 303(d) list of impaired waters) or if the site is located in
a watershed for which a TMDL has been established, and what the parameters of concern are.
(b) A narrative description of storage practices, loading and unloading activities, outdoor process areas,
dust or particulate generating or control processes, and waste disposal practices. A narrative
description of the potential pollutants that could be expected to be present in the stormwater
discharge from each outfall.
(c) A site map drawn at a scale sufficient to clearly depict: the site property boundary; the stormwater
discharge outfalls; all on -site and adjacent surface waters and wetlands; industrial activity areas
(including storage of materials, disposal areas, process areas, loading and unloading areas, and haul
roads); site topography and finished grade; all drainage features and structures; drainage area
boundaries and total contributing area for each outfall; direction of flow in each drainage area;
industrial activities occurring in each drainage area; buildings; stormwater Best Management
Practices (BMPs); and impervious surfaces. The site map must indicate the percentage of each
drainage area that is impervious, and the site map must include a graphic scale indication and north
arrow.
(d) A list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants during the previous three (3) years and any
corrective actions taken to mitigate spill impacts.
(e) Certification that the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence of non-stormwater
discharges. The permittee shall re -certify annually that the stormwater outfalls have been
evaluated for the presence of non-stormwater discharges. If non-stormwater discharges are
present, the permittee shall identify the source and record whether the discharge is otherwise
permitted (by rule or a different permit). The permittee shall evaluate the environmental
significance of the non-stormwater discharges and include a summary written record with the
certification. The certification statement and summary written record shall be retained with the
SPPP, and shall be dated and signed in accordance with the requirements found in Standard
Conditions for NPDES Permits, Part II, Section B.11(b).
(f) If a permanent source of non-stormwater flow is identified in accordance with B. (2)1. (e) the
permittee shall notify DWR and DEMLR. The notification must include a description and frequency
of discharge for the identified non-stormwater flow. The notification must be submitted to the
following addresses:
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Permit NC0004308
DWR/NPDES Complex Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
DEMLR / Stormwater Permitting Program
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612.
2. Stormwater Management Strategy. The Stormwater Management Strategy shall contain a narrative
description of the materials management practices employed which control or minimize the stormwater
exposure of significant materials, including structural and nonstructural measures. The Stormwater
Management Strategy, at a minimum, shall incorporate the following:
(a) Feasibility Study. A review of the technical and economic feasibility of changing the methods of
operations and/or storage practices to eliminate or reduce exposure of materials and processes to
rainfall and run-on flows. Wherever practical, the permittee shall prevent exposure of all storage
areas, material handling operations, and manufacturing or fueling operations. In areas where
elimination of exposure is not practical, this review shall document the feasibility of diverting the
stormwater run-on away from areas of potential contamination.
(b) Secondary Containment Requirements and Records. Secondary containment is required for: bulk
stora a of l' uid materials,• storage in an , amount of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) water priority chemicals; and storage in anv amount
of hazardous substances, in order to prevent leaks and spills from contaminating stormwater runoff.
A table or summary of all such tanks and stored materials and their associated secondary
containment areas shall be maintained. If the secondary containment devices are connected to
stormwater conveyance systems, the connection shall be controlled by manually activated valves or
other similar devices (which shall be secured closed with a locking mechanism). Any stormwater
that accumulates in the containment area shall be at a minimum visually observed for color, foam,
outfall staining, visible sheens and dry weather flow, prior to release of the accumulated
stormwater. Accumulated stormwater shall be released if found to be uncontaminated by any
material. Records documenting the individual making the observation, the description of the
accumulated stormwater, and the date and time of the release shall be kept for a period of five (5)
years. For facilities subject to a federal oil Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plan
(SPCC), any portion of the SPCC Plan fully compliant with the requirements of this permit may be
used to demonstrate compliance with this permit.
(c) BMP Summary. A listing of site structural and non-structural Best Management Practices (BMPs)
shall be provided. The installation and implementation of BMPs shall be based on the assessment of
the potential for sources to contribute significant quantities of pollutants to stormwater discharges
and on data collected through monitoring of stormwater discharges. The BMP Summary shall
include a written record of the specific rationale for installation and implementation of the selected
site BMPs. The BMP Summary shall be reviewed and updated annually.
3. Spill Prevention and Response Procedures. The Spill Prevention and Response Procedures (SPRP)
shall incorporate an assessment of potential pollutant sources based on a materials inventory of the
facility. Facility personnel responsible for implementing the SPRP shall be identified in a written list
incorporated into the SPRP and signed and dated by each individual acknowledging their
responsibilities for the plan. A responsible person shall be on -site at all times during facility operations
that have increased potential to contaminate stormwater runoff through spills or exposure of materials
associated with the facility operations. The SPRP must be site stormwater specific. Therefore, an oil
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure plan (SPCC) may be a component of the SPRP, but may
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Permit NC0004308
not be sufficient to completely address the stormwater aspects of the SPRP. The common elements of
the SPCC with the SPRP may be incorporated by reference into the SPRP.
4. Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program. A preventative maintenance and good
housekeeping program shall be developed and implemented. The program shall address all stormwater
control systems (if applicable), stormwater discharge outfalls, all on -site and adjacent surface waters and
wetlands, industrial activity areas (including material storage areas, material handling areas, disposal
areas, process areas, loading and unloading areas, and haul roads), all drainage features and structures,
and existing structural BMPs. The program shall establish schedules of inspections, maintenance, and
housekeeping activities of stormwater control systems, as well as facility equipment, facility areas, and
facility systems that present a potential for stormwater exposure or stormwater pollution where not
already addressed under another element of the SPPP. Inspection of material handling area and
regular cleaning schedules of these areas shall be incorporated into the program. Timely compliance
with the established schedules for inspections, maintenance, and housekeeping shall be recorded and
maintained in the SPPP.
5. Facility Inspections. Inspections of the facility and all stormwater systems shall occur as part of the
Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program at a minimum on a semi-annual schedule,
once during the first half of the year (January to June), and once during the second half (July to
December), with at least 60 days separating inspection dates (unless performed more frequently than
semi-annually). These facility inspections are different from, and in addition to, the stormwater
discharge characteristic monitoring at the ouWls required in Part I Section B.(1.).
6. Employee Training. Training programs shall be developed and training provided at a minimum on an
annual basis for facility personnel with responsibilities for: spill response and cleanup, preventative
maintenance activities, and for any of the facility's operations that have the potential to contaminate
stormwater runoff. The facility personnel responsible for implementing the training shall be identified,
and their annual training shall be documented by the signature of each employee trained.
7. Responsible Party. The SPPP shall identify a specific position or positions responsible for the overall
coordination, development, implementation, and revision of the SPPP. Responsibilities for all
components of the SPPP shall be documented and position assignments provided.
8. SPPP Amendment and Annual Update. The permittee shall amend the SPPP whenever there is a
change in design, construction;, operation, site drainage, maintenance, or configuration of the physical
features which may have a significant effect on the potential for the discharge of pollutants to surface
waters. All aspects of the SPPP shall be reviewed and updated on an annual basis. The annual update
shall include:
(a) an updated list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants for the previous three (3) years, or the
notation that no spills have occurred (element of the Site Overview);
(b) a written re -certification that the stormwater ouWls have Veen evaluated for the presence of non-
stormwater discharges (element of the Site Overview);
(c) a documented re-evaluation of the effectiveness of the on -site stormwater BMPs (BMP
Summary element of the Stormwater Management Strategy).
(d) a review and comparison of sample analytical data to benchmark values (if applicable) over the
past year, including a discussion about Tiered Response status.- The permittee shall use the
Annual Summary Data Monitoring Report (DMR) form, available from the DEMLR
Stormwater Permitting Program's website (See `Monitoring Forms' here:
hgp:l // +ortal.ncdenr,or web Iri n des-stormwater).
The Director may notify the permittee when the SPPP does not meet one or more of the minimum
requirements of the permit. Within 30 days of such notice, the permittee shall submit a time schedule to
Page 20 of 32

Permit NC0004308
the Director for modifying the SPPP to meet minimum requirements. The permittee shall provide
certification in writing in accordance with Part 11, Standard Conditions, Section B, Paragraph 11 to the
Director that the changes have been made.
9. SPPP Implementation. The permittee shall implement the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan and
all appropriate BMPs consistent with the provisions of this permit, in order to control contaminants
entering surface waters via stormwater. Implementation of the SPPP shall include documentation of all
monitoring, measurements, inspections, maintenance activities, and training provided to employees,
including the log of the sampling data and of actions taken to implement BMPs associated with the
industrial activities, including vehicle maintenance activities. Such documentation shall be kept on -site
for a period of five (5) years and made available to the Director or the Director's authorized
representative immediately upon request.
B.(3.) STORMWATER DEFINITIONS
1. Adverse Weather
Adverse conditions are those that are dangerous or create inaccessibility for personnel, such as local
flooding, high winds, or electrical storms, or situations that otherwise make sampling impractical.
When adverse weather conditions prevent the collection of samples during the sample period, the
permittee must take a substitute sample or perform a visual assessment during the next qualifying
storm event. Documentation of an adverse event (with date, time and written narrative) and the
rationale must be included with your SPPP records. Adverse weather does not exempt the
permittee from having to file a monitoring report in accordance with the sampling schedule.
Adverse events and failures to monitor must also be explained and reported on the relevant DMR.
2. Allowable Non-Stormwater Dischar es
Non-stormwater discharges which shall be allowed in the stormwater conveyance system include:
a. Uncontaminated groundwater, foundation drains, air -conditioner condensate without added
chemicals, springs, discharges of uncontaminated potable water, waterline and fire hydrant
flushings, wafter from footing drains, flows from riparian habitats and wetlands.
b. Discharges resulting from fire -fighting or fire -fighting training, or emergency shower or eye
wash as a result of use in the event of an emergency.
3. Best Management Practices, BMPs �
Measures or practices used to reduce the amount of pollution entering surface waters. BMPs may
take the form of a process, activity, or physical structure. More information on BMPs can be found
at: .11.; i etl7ub.elia.g_ov/ppdes/stormwate., menuofbmf�slindex.cfm.
4. ftass (stormwater]
A bypass is the known diversion of stormwater from any portion of a stormwater control facility
including the collection system, which is not a designed or established operating mode for the
facility.
5. Bulk Storage of Liquid Products
Liquid raw materials, intermediate products, manufactured products, waste materials, or by-
products with a single above ground storage container having a capacity of greater than 660 gallons
or with multiple above ground storage containers located in close proximity to each other having a
total combined storage capacity of greater than 1,320 gallons.
6. DEMLR
The Division of Energy, Mineral, and Land Resources.
Page 21 of 32

Permit NC0004308
7. Landfill
A disposal facility or part of a disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land and which is not
a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an injection well, a hazardous waste long-term
storage facility or a surface storage facility.
8. Measureable Storm Event
A storm event that results in an actual discharge from the permitted site outfall. The previous
measurable storm event must have been at least 72 hours prior. The 72-hour storm interval may not
apply if the permittee is able to document that a shorter interval is representative for local storm
events during the sampling period, and obtains approval from the local DEMLR Regional Office.
Two copies of this information and a written request letter shall be sent to the local DEMLR
Regional Office. After authorization by the DEMLR Regional Office, a written approval letter must
be kept on site in the pem-dttee's SPPP.
9. No Exposure
A condition of no exposure means that all industrial materials and activities are protected by a storm
resistant shelter or acceptable storage containers to prevent exposure to rain, snow, snowmelt, or
runoff. Industrial materials or activities include, but are not limited to, material handling equipment
or activities, industrial machinery, raw materials, intermediate products, by-products, final
products, or waste products [40 CFR 122.26 (b)(14)]. DEMLR may grant a No Exposure Exclusion
from NPDES Stormwater Permitting requirements only if a facility complies with the terms and
conditions described in 40 CFR §122.26(g).
10. Point Source Discharge of Stormwater
Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance including, but not specifically limited to, any
pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, or discrete fissure from which stormwater is or may be
discharged to waters of the state.
11. Representative Outfall Status
When it is established that the discharge of stormwater runoff from a single outfall is representative of the
discharges at multiple outfalls, the Division may grant representative outfall status. Representative outfall
status allows the permittee to perform analytical monitoring at a reduced number of outfalls.
12. Secondary Containment
Spill containment for the contents of the single largest tank within the containment structure plus
sufficient freeboard to contain the 25-year, 24-hour storm event.
13. Section 313 Water Priori!); Chemical
A chemical or chemical category which:
a. Is listed in 40 CFR 372.65 pursuant to Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986, also titled the Emergency Planning and Community Right -
to -Know Act of 1986;
b. Is present at or above threshold levels at a facility subject to SARA title III, Section 313 reporting
requirements; and
c. Meets at least one of the following criteria:
i. Is listed in appendix D of 40 CFR part 122 on Table II (organic priority pollutants), Table III
(certain metals, cyanides, and phenols) or Table IV (certain toxic pollutants and hazardous
substances);
ii. Is listed as a hazardous substance pursuant to section 311(b)(2)(A) of the CWA at 40 CFR
116.4; or
iii. Is a pollutant for which EPA has published acute or chronic water quality criteria.
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Permit NC0004308
14. Si nlificant Materials
Includes, but is not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and
plastic pellets; finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or
production; hazardous substances designated under section 101(14) of CERCLA; any chemical the
facility is required to report pursuant to section 313 of Title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and
waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that have the potential to be released with stormwater
discharges.
15. Significant Spills
Includes, but is not limited to: releases of oil or hazardous substances in excess of reportable
quantities under section 311 of the Clean Water Act (Ref: 40 CFR 110.3and 40 CFR 117.3) or section
102 of CERCLA (Ref: 40 CPR 302.4).
16. Stormwater Discharge OutfalI jSDQ
The point of departure of stormwater from a discernible, confined, or discrete conveyance, including
but not limited to, storm sewer pipes, drainage ditches, channels, spillways, or channelized
collection areas, from which stormwater flows directly or indirectly into waters of the State of North
Carolina.
17. Stormwater Runoff
The flow of water which results from precipitation and which occurs immediately following rainfall
or as a result of snowmelt
18. Stormwater Associated with Industrial Activity
The discharge from any point source which is used for collecting and conveying stormwater and
which is directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw material storage areas at an industrial
site. Facilities considered to be engaged in "industrial activities" include those activities defined in
40 CFR 122.26(b)(14). The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded
from the NPDES program.
19. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
A comprehensive site -specific plan which details measures and practices to reduce stormwater
pollution and is based on an evaluation of the pollution potential of the site.
20. Total Maximum Dail• Load (TMDL)
TMDLs are written plans for attaining and maintaining water quality standards, in all seasons, for a
specific water body and pollutant A list of approved TMDLs for the state of North Carolina can be
found at http;//portal.ncdenr.org6web/`wgj2s/mtu/tmdl.
21. Vehicle Maintenance Activity
Vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, lubrication, vehicle cleaning operations,
or airport deicing operations.
22. Visible Sedimentation
Solid particulate matter, both mineral and organic, that has been or is being transported by water,
air, gravity, or ice from its site of origin which can be seen with the unaided eye.
23. 25-year, 24 hour Storm Event
The maximum 24-hour precipitation event expected to be equaled or exceeded, on the average, once
in 25 years.
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Permit NCO004308
SECTION C - SPECIAL CONDITIONS
C. (1.) ACUTE TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (Quarterly; Outfall 005) [15A NCAC 02B .0200 et
seq.]
The permittee shall conduct acute toxicity tests on a quarterly basis using protocols defined in the North
Carolina Procedure Document entitled "Pass/Fail Methodology For Determining Acute Toxicity In A Single
Effluent Concentration" (Revised December 2010 or subsequent versions). The monitoring shall be
performed as a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 24 hour static test. The effluent concentration at
which there may be at no time significant acute mortality is 90% (defined as treatment two in the procedure
document). The tests will be performed once during each calendar quarter (January -March, April -June,
July -September and October -December). Effluent sampling for this testing must be obtained during
representative effluent discharge and shall be performed at the NPDES permitted final effluent discharge
below all treatment processes.
Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits, then monthly monitoring
will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this monthly test
requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge
Monitoring Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed, using the parameter code TGE6C.
Additionally, DWR Form AT-2 (original) is to be sent to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of
the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the
waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a month in which toxicity monitoring is
required, the permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form
indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county, and the month/year of the report with
the notation of "No Flow" in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the
Environmental Sciences Section at the address cited above.
Should the permittee fail to monitor during a month in which toxicity monitoring is required, then monthly
monitoring will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this monthly
test requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above. Assessment of toxicity compliance is
based on the toxicity testing quarter, which is the three month time interval that begins on the first day of
the month in which toxicity testing is required by this permit and continues until the final day of the third
month
Should any test data from either these monitoring requirements or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re-
opened and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
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Permit NC0004308
If the Permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit, the results of such
monitoring shall be included in the calculation & reporting of the data submitted on the DMR & all AT
Form submitted.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test and will
require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than the last day of the month following
the month of the initial monitoring.
C. (2.) ACUTE TOXICITY MONYFORING (Quarterly; Outfalls 011, 013 and 022) [15A NCAC 02B .0200 et
seq.]
The permittee shall conduct acute toxicity tests on a quarterly basis using protocols defined as definitive in
E.P.A. Document EPA/600/4-90/027 entitled "Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents to
Freshwater .and Marine Organisms." The monitoring shall be performed as a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales
promelas) 24-hour static test. Effluent samples for self -monitoring purposes must be obtained during
representative effluent discharge below all waste treatment. The tests will be performed on a discharge
event during each calendar quarter (January -March, April-june, July -September and October -December).
The parameter code for this test is TAE6C. All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit
condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed,
using the appropriate parameter code. Additionally, DWR Form AT-1(original) is to be sent to the
following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of
the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the
waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a quarter in which toxicity monitoring is
required, the permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form
indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county, and the month/year of the report with
the notation of "No Flow" in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the
Environmental Sciences Branch at the address cited above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina Division of
Wafter Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re -opened and
modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test and will
require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than the last day of the month following
the month of the initial monitoring.
Page 25 of 32

Permit NC0004308
C. (3.) CHRONIC TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (Quarterly; Outfall 012) [15A NCAC 02B .0200
et seq.]
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit observable inhibition of reproduction or significant mortality
to Ceriodaphnia dubia at an effluent concentration of 3.8 % at Outfall M2.
The permit holder shall perform at a minimum, quarterly monitoring using test procedures outlined in the
"North Carolina Ceriodaphnia Chronic Effluent Bioassay Procedure," Revised February 1998, or subsequent
versions or "North Carolina Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure' (Revised -February
1998) or subsequent versions. Effluent samples for self -monitoring purposes must be obtained during
representative effluent discharge below all waste treatment. The tests will be performed once during each
calendar quarter (lanuary-March, April June, july-September and October -December).
If the test procedure performed as the first test of any single quarter results in a failure or ChV below the
permit limit, then multiple -concentration testing shall be performed at a minimum, in each of the two
following months as described in "North Carolina Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure'
(Revised -February 1998) or subsequent versions.
The chronic value for multiple concentration tests will be determined using the geometric mean of the
highest concentration having no detectable impairment of reproduction or survival and the lowest
concentration that does have a detectable impairment of reproduction or survival. The definition of
"detectable impairment," collection methods, exposure regimes, and further statistical methods are specified
in the "North Carolina Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure' (Revised -February 1998) or
subsequent versions.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge
Monitoring Form (MR-1) for the months in which tests were performed, using the parameter code TGP3B
for the pass/fail results and THP311 for the Chronic Value. Additionally, DWR Form AT-3 (original) is to be
sent to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be complete, accurate, include all supporting chemical/physical measurements and all
concentration/response data, and be certified by laboratory supervisor and ORC or approved designate
signature. Total residual chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine
is employed for disinfection of the waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a quarter in which toxicity monitoring is
required, the Permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form
indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number, county, and the month/year of the report with
the notation of "No Flow" in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the
Environmental Sciences Branch at the address cited above.
Should the Permittee fail to monitor during a month in which toxicity monitoring is required, monitoring
will be required during the following month.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina Division of
Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re -opened and
modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival, minimum control organism reproduction, and appropriate environmental controls,
shall constitute an invalid test and will require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later
than the last day of the month following the month of the initial monitoring.
Page 26 of 32

Permit NC0004308
C. (4.) ACUTE TOXICITY MONITORING (Annual; Outfal1019) [15A NCAC 02B .0200 et seq]
The permittee shall conduct annual toxicity tests using protocols defined as definitive in E.P.A. Document
EPA/600/4-90/027 entitled "Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents to Freshwater and
Marine Organisms." The monitoring shall be performed as a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 24-hour
static test. Effluent samples for self -monitoring purposes must be obtained below all waste treatment. The
permittee will conduct one test annually, with the annual period beginning in January of the calendar year
of the effective date of the permit.
The annual toxicity test must be performed by June 30. Should there be no discharge of flow from the
facility during the six month period January 1 June 30, the permittee will complete the information located
at the top of the aquatic toxicity (AT) test form indicating the facility name, permit number, pipe number,
county and in the comments section indicate "No Flow for January 1-June 30, f calendar year)." The report
must be signed and submitted to the Environmental Sciences Section at the address noted below.
If no discharge event occurs from January 1-june 30, yet a discharge event occurs from July 1-December
31, then the facility must perform toxicity monitoring and report the data as noted below.
The parameter code for this test is TAE6C. All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit
condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed,
using the appropriate parameter code. Additionally, DWR Form AT-1(original) is to be sent to the
following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Aquatic Toxicology Branch, Water Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch no later than 30
days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual chlorine of
the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for disinfection of the
waste stream.
Should any test data from either these monitoring requirements or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this permit may be re-
opened and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum control
organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test and will
require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than the last day of the month following
the month of the initial monitoring.
C. (5.) PERMIT REOPENER [G.S.143-215.1(b)]
The permitttee shall notify the Division if any industrial activity is proposed to take place at the facility
which changes the characteristics of the wastewaters as authorized in this permit or adds additional sources
of wastewater. A notification shall be submitted to the Division describing the new activities and expected
wastewater characteristics 90 days prior to proposed start of operations.
Page 27 of 32

Permit NCO004308
C. (6.) ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORTS [G.S.143-215.1(b)]
Federal regulations require electronic submittal of all discharge monitoring reports (DMRs) and program
reports. The final NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule was adopted and became effective on December 21,
2015.
NOTE: This special condition supplements or supersedes the following sections within Part II of this permit
(Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits):
• Section B. (11.) Signatory Requirements
• Section D. (2.) Reporting
• Section D. (6.) Records Retention
• Section E. (5.) Monitoring Reports
1. Re o Requirements ISRpersedes Section D. (2.1 and Section E. 5. a
The permittee shall report discharge monitoring data electronically using the NC DWR's Electronic
Discharge Monitoring Report (eDMR) internet application.
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month and
submitted electronically using eDMR. The eDMR system allows permitted facilities to enter monitoring
data and submit DMRs electronically using the internet. Until such time that the state's eDMR
application is compliant with EPA's Cross -Media Electronic Reporting Regulation (CROMERR),
permittees will be required to submit all discharge monitoring data to the state electronically using
eDMR and will be required to complete the eDMR submission by printing, signing, and submitting one
signed original and a copy of the computer printed eDMR to the following address:
NC DEQ / Division of Water Resources / Water Quality Permitting Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
If a permittee is unable to use the eDMR system due to a demonstrated hardship or due to the facility
being physically located in an area where less than 10 percent of the households have broadband access,
then a temporary waiver from the NPDES electronic reporting requirements may be granted and
discharge monitoring data may be submitted on paper DMR forms (MR 1,1.1; 2,3) or alternative forms
approved by the Director. Duplicate signed copies shall be submitted to the mailing address above. See
"How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting" section below.
Regardless of the submission method, the first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the
issuance of the permit or in the case of a new facility, on the last day of the month following the
commencement of discharge.
Starting on December 21, 2020, the permittee must electronically report the following compliance
monitoring data and reports, when applicable:
Sewer Overflow/Bypass Event Reports;
Pretreatment Program Annual Reports; and
Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 316(b) Annual Reports.
The permittee may seek an electronic reporting waiver from the Division (see "How to Request a Waiver
from Electronic Reporting" section below).
Page 28 of 32

Permit NC0004308
2. Electronic Submissions
In accordance with 40 CFR 122.410)(9), the permittee must identify the initial recipient at the time of
each electronic submission. The permtteee should use the EPA's website resources to identify the initial
recipient for the electronic submission.
Initial recipient of electronic NPDES information from NPDES-regulated facilities means the entity (EPA
or the state authorized by EPA to implement the NPDES program) that is the designated entity for
receiving electronic NPDES data [see 40 CFR 127.2(b)].
EPA plans to establish a website that will also link to the appropriate electronic reporting tool for each type
of electronic submission and for each state. Instructions on how to access and use the appropriate electronic
reporting tool will be available as well. Information on EPA's NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule is found at:
titles:) lwww-federalregister.govi aocumentsi Luis; 1U, 1LI1U15-14`J54i natlOnal-I)OU11tant-dIScnar +�
elimination-s}-stem-npdes-electronic-reMr#n&-rule
Electronic submissions must start by the dates listed in the "Reporting Requirements" section above.
3. How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting
The permittee may seek a temporary electronic reporting waiver from the Division. To obtain an
electronic reporting waiver, a permittee must first submit an electronic reporting waiver request to the
Division Requests for temporary electronic reporting waivers must be submitted in writing to the
Division for written approval at least sixty (60) days prior to the date the facility would be required
under this permit to begin submitting monitoring data and reports. The duration of a temporary waiver
shall not exceed 5 years and shall thereupon expire. At such time, monitoring data and reports shall be
submitted electronically to the Division unless the permittee re -applies for and is granted a new
temporary electronic reporting waiver by the Division. Approved electronic reporting waivers are not
transferrable. Only permittees with an approved reporting waiver request may submit monitoring data
and reports on paper to the Division for the period that the approved reporting waiver request is
effective.
Information on eDM[R and the application for a temporary electronic reporting waiver are found on the
following web page:
, dN.nc.kovlaboutdivisions/ water-resources/edmr
4. Sigpatoq Reg uirements (Supplements Section B. (11.) (b)_and Supersedes Section B. (11.) (d)1
All eDMRs submitted to the permit issuing authority shall be signed by a person described in Part II,
Section B. (11.)(a) or by a duly authorized representative of that person as described in Part II, Section B.
(11.)(b). A person, and not a position, must be delegated signatory authority for eDMR reporting
purposes.
For eDMR submissions, the person signing and submitting the DMR must obtain an eDMR user account
and login credentials to access the eDMR system. For more information on North Carolina's eDMR
system, registering for eDMR and obtaining an eDMR user account, please visit the following web page:
httP: I deq.nc.t;ovj about/ divisions/water-resources/ edmr
Page 29 of 32

Permit NCO004308
Certification. Any person submitting an electronic DMR using the state's eDMR system shall make the
following certification [40 CFR 122.22]. NO OTHER STATEMENTS OF CERTIFICATION WILL BE
ACCEPTED:
"I certify, under penalty of Iaw, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate
the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons
directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations. "
5. Records Retention [Supplements Section D. t 6., i
The permittee shall retain records of all Discharge Monitoring Reports, including eDMR submissions.
These records or copies shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the report.
This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time [40 CPR 122.41].
C. (7.) MIXING ZONE (Outfall 012)
(a.) The permittee shall update the mixing zone analysis for the diffuser at outfall 012 no later than
November 1, 2019 to verify dilution under current conditions. The mixing zone study shall incorporate
background data for cyanide, TCE and fluoride. A Mixing Zone Analysis report shall be submitted to
the Division within 90 days of completion of the study. The report shall include a summary of all data
collected, model setup and input and model results and shall be submitted to the following address:
Division of Water Resources
NPDES Complex Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
The Division may reopen this permit to implement modified limits as a result of the mixing study.
(b.) Sampling within the mixing zone shall be collected as follows:
PARAMETER
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Measurement Sample
FrequencyT
e
Sample Location i
)H
Monthly
Grab
MZ1
Total C��anide
Monthl •
Grab
MZ1
Total Fluoride
Monthly
Grab
MZ1
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Monthly
Grab
MZ1
1. MZ1- Lake Badin 5 feet from the diffuser on a parallel line projected from the diffuser.
Sampling results shall be reported in the DMRs. See special condition C. (6.)
Page 30 of 32

PerxWt NC0004308
Badin Business Park — Staniy County
Receiving Stream: Badin Lake (Yadkin River) and UT to Little Mountain Creek
Stream Classification: WS-IV CA & B and WS-IV
Rtiver Basin: Yadkin/Pee Dee
Sub -Basin #: 03-07-08
USGS Quad *: F18NE, F18NW Badin & New London, NC
Location Map
N� -

Permit NC0004308
Table 1.Outfall Locations
j Outfall
Latitude
Longitude
002
350 24' 30"
80° 6'
57"
004
350 24' 13"
80°
7'
12"
005
350 24' 8"
80°
7'
17"
011
350 24' 42"
800
6'
55"
012
35° 24' 42"
800
6'
55"
013
35° 24' 52"
800
7'
4"
017
350249 8"
800
7'
17"
018
350 24' 13"
800
7'
33"
019
350 24' 51"
800
6'
19"
020
350 24' 33"
800
6'
59"
022
350 24' T'
800
7'
24"
Table 2. Instream Monitorine Locations
Outfall
Latitude
Lorketude
U1
35° 24' 14"
800
7' 40"
D1
350 24' 05"
800
7' 27"
D2
350 24' 01"
80°
7' 19"
D3
350 24' 06"
800
7' 28"
D4
35° 24' 07"
80°
7' 29"
D5
350 24' 07"
800
7' 30"
Page 32 of 32

NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
Page 1 of 18
PART II
STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES PERMITS
Section A. Definitions
2/Month
Samples are collected twice per month with at least ten calendar days between sampling events. These samples shall be
representative of the wastewater discharged during the sample period,
3/W k
Samples are collected three times per week on three separate calendar days. These samples shall be representative of
the wastewater discharged during the sample period -
Act or "the Act"
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also lmown as the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended, 33 USG 1251, et.
seq.
Annual Aver& - e
The arithmetic mean of all "daily discharges" of a pollutant measured during the calendar year. In the case of fecal
coliform, the geometric mean of such discharges.
Arithmetic Mean
The summation of the individual values divided by the number of individual values.
ftass
The lmown diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility including the collection system, which is
not a designed or established or operating mode for the facility.
Calendar Da
The period from midnight of one day until midnight of the next day. However, for purposes of this permit, any
consecutive 24-hour period that reasonably represents the calendar day may be used for sampling.
Calendar Week
The period from Sunday through the following Saturday.
Calendar:!uarter
One of the following distinct periods: January through March, April through June, July through September, and
October through December.
Composite Sample
A sample collected over a 24-hour period by continuous sampling or combining grab samples of at least 100 mL in
such a manner as to result in a total sample representative of the wastewater discharge during the sample period. The
Director may designate the most appropriate method (specific number and size of aliquots necessary, the time interval
between grab samples, etc.) on a case -by -case basis. Samples may be collected manually or automatically. Composite
samples may be obtained by the following methods:
(1) Continuous: a single, continuous sample collected over a 24-hour period proportional to the rate of flow.
(2) Constant time/variable volume: a series of grab samples collected at equal time intervals over a 24 hour period
of discharge and combined proportional to the rate of flow measured at the time of individual sample
collection, or
(3) Variable time/constant volume: a series of grab samples of equal volume collected over a 24 hour period with
the time intervals between samples determined by a preset number of gallons passing the sampling point. Flow
measurement between sample intervals shall be determined by use of a flow recorder and totalizer, and the
preset gallon interval between sample collection fixed at no greater than 1/24 of the expected total daily flow at
the treatment system, or
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
Page 2 of 18
(4) Constant timetconstant volume: a series of grab samples of equal volume collected over a 24-hour period at a
constant time interval. Use of this method requires prior approval by the Director. This method may only be
used in situations where effluent flow rates vary less than 15 percent. The following restrictions also apply:
➢ Influent and effluent grab samples shall be of equal size and of no less than 100 milliliters
➢ Influent samples shall not be collected more than once per hour.
➢ Pemuttees with wastewater treatment systems whose detention time < 24 hours shall collect effluent grab
samples at intervals of no greater than 20 minutes apart during any 24-hour period
➢ Permittees with wastewater treatment systems whose detention time exceeds 24 hours shall collect effluent
grab samples at least every six hours; there must be a minimum of four samples during a 24-hour sampling
period.
Continuous flow measurement
Flow monitoring that occurs without interruption throughout the operating hours of the facility. Flow shall be
monitored continually except for the infrequent times when there may be no flow or for infrequent maintenance
activities on the flow device.
Daily Discharee
The discharge of a pollutant measured during a calendar day or any 24-hour period that reasonably represents the
calendar day for purposes of sampling. For pollutants measured in units of mass, the "daily discharge" is calculated as
the total mass of the pollutant discharged over the day. For pollutants expressed in other units of measurement, the
"daily discharge" is calculated as the average measurement of the pollutant over the day. (40 CFR 122.2; see also
"Composite Sample," above.)
Dail. Maximum
The highest "daily discharge" during the calendar month.
Daily Sampling
Parameters requiring daily sampling shall be sampled 5 out of every 7 days per week unless otherwise specified in the
permit. Sampling shall be conducted on weekdays except where holidays or other disruptions of normal operations
prevent weekday sampling. If sampling is required for all seven days of the week for anypermit parameter(s), that
requirement will be so noted on the Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Page(s).
DWR or "the Division"
The Division of Water Resources, Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Effluent
Wastewater discharged following all treatment processes from a water pollution control facility or other point source
whether treated or untreated.
EMC
The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission
LEA
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
Facility Closure
Cessation of all activities that require coverage under this NPDES permit. Completion of facility closure will allow this
permit to be rescinded.
Geometric Mean
The Nth root of the product of the individual values where N = the number of individual values. For purposes of
calculating the geometric mean, values of"0" (or "< [detection Ievel]") shall be considered = 1.
Grab Sample
Individual samples of at least 100 mL collected over a period of time not exceeding 15 minutes. Grab samples can be
collected manually. Grab samples must be representative of the discharge (or the receiving stream, for instream
samples).
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
Page 3 of 18
Hazardous Substance
Any substance designated under 40 CFR Part 116 pursuant to Section 311 of the CWA.
Instantaneous flow measurement
The flow measured during the minimum time required for the flow measuring device or method to produce a result in
that instance. To the extent practical, instantaneous flow measurements coincide with the collection of any grab
samples required for the same sampling period so that together the samples and flow are representative of the discharge
during that sampling period.
Monthly Avera�:e tconcentration Emit;
The arithmetic mean of all "daily discharges" of a pollutant measured during the calendar month. In the case of fecal
coliform or other bacterial parameters or indicators, the geometric mean of such discharges.
Permit Issuin.: Authori- .
The Director of the Division of Water Resources.
Quarterly Average ( concentration limit)
The arithmetic mean of all samples taken over a calendar quarter.
Severe property damage
Substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or
substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a
bypass. Severe property damage excludes economic loss caused by delays in production.
Toxic Pollutant:
Any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 307(a)(1) of the CWA.
Upset
An incident beyond the reasonable control of the Permittee causing unintentional and temporary noncompliance with
permit effluent limitations and/or monitoring requirements. An upset does not include noncompliance caused by
operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive
maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
Weekl Avera:: a !`concentration limit
The arithmetic mean of all "daily discharges" of a pollutant measured during the calendar week. In the case of fecal
coliform or other bacterial parameters or indicators, the geometric mean of such discharges.
Section B. GeneraI Conditions
1. Duty to Comply
The Permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of
the CWA and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit termination, nevoaation and reissuance, or
modification; or denial of a permit renewal application [40 CFR 122.411.
a. The Permittee shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under section 307(a) of the
CWA for toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage sludge use or disposal established under section
405(d) of the CWrt within the time pro►ided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or
standards for sewage sludge use or disposal, even if the permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the
requirement.
b. The CWA provides that any person who violates sections] 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of the Act, or
any perrnil condition or limitation implementing any such sections in a permit issued under section 402, or any
requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under sections 402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of the Act, is
subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $37,500 per day for each violation. [33 USC 1319(d) and 40 CFR
122.41(a)(2)]
c. The CWA provides that any person who negligently violates sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 303, 318, or 405 of
the Act, or any condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402
of the Act, or any acquirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 402(a)(3) or
402(b)(8) of the Act, is subject to criminal penalties of $2,500 to $25,000 per day of violation, or
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
Page 4 of 18
imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for a negligent
violation, a person shall be subject to criminal penalties of not more than $50,000 per day of violation, or by
imprisonment of not more than 2 years, or both. [33 USC 1319(c)(1) and 40 CFR 122.41(a)(2)]
d. Any person who knowingly violates such sections, or such conditions or limitations is subject to criminal
penalties of $5,000 to $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both. In the
case of a second or subsequent conviction for a knowing violation, a person shall be subject to criminal
penalties of not more than $100,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than 6 years, or both.
[33 USC 1319(c)(2) and 40 CFR 122.41(a)(2)]
e. Any person who knowingly violates section 301, 302, 303, 306, 307, 309, 318 or 405 of the Act or any permit
condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the Act, and
who knows at that time that he thereby places another person in imminent danger of death or serious bodily
injury, shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $250,000 or imprisonment of not more than
15 years, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for a knowing endangerment violation, a
person shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500,000 or by imprisonment of not more than 30 years, or
both An organization, as defined in section 309(c)(3)(3)(iii) of the CWA, shall, upon conviction of violating
the imminent danger provision, be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000,000 and can be fined up to
$2,000,000 for second or subsequent convictions. [40 CFR 122A I (a)(2)]
f. Under state law, a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per violation may be assessed against any person
who violates or fails to act in accordance with the terms, conditions, or requirements of a permit. [North
Carolina General Statutes § 143-215.6A]
g. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by the Administrator for violating section 301, 302,
306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of this Act, or any permit condition or limitation implementing any of such sections
in a permit issued under section 402 of this Act. Administrative penalties for Class I violations are not to
exceed $16,000 per violation, with the maximum amount of any Class I penalty assessed not to exceed
$37,500. Penalties for Class 11 violations are not to exceed $16,000 per day for each day during which the
violation continues, with the maximum amount of any Class 11 penalty not to exceed $177,500. [33 USC
1319(gx2) and 40 CFR 122.41(a)(3)]
2. Duty to Mitigate
The Permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimJze or prevent any discharge or sludge use or disposal in
violation of this permit with a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment [40
CFR 122.41(d)].
3. Civil and Criminal Liabilit�,
Except as provided in permit conditions on "Bypassing" (Part 11.C.4), "Upsets" (Part II.C.5) and'Tower Failures"
(Part 11.C.7), nothing in this permit shall be construed to relieve the Permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities,
or penalties for noncompliance pursuant to NCGS 143-215.3, 143-215.6 or Section 309 of the Federal Act, 33 USC
1319. Furthermore, the Pcm"ttee is responsible for consequential damages, such as fish kills, even though the
responsibility for effective compliance may be temporarily suspended.
4. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liabiliv.
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve the Permittee
from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the Permittee is or may be subject to under NCGS 143-
215.75 et seq. or Section 311 of the Federal Act; 33 USG 1321. Furthermore, the Permittee is responsible for
consequential damages, such as fish kills, even though the responsibility for effective compliance may be
temporarily suspended.
5. Property Rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights in either real or personal property, or any exclusive
privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal rights, nor any
infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations [40 CFR 122.41(g)].
6. Onshore or Offshore Construction
This permit does not authorize or approve the construction of any onshore or offshore physical structures or
facilities or the undertaking of any work in any navigable waters.
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
Page 5 of 18
7. Severabilit►
The provisions of this permit are severable. If any provision of this permit, or the application of any provision of
this permit to any circumstances, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances, and the
remainder of this permit, shall not be affected thereby [NCGS 15013-23].
8. Duty to Provide Information
The Permittee shall finnish to the Permit Issuing Authority, within a reasonable time, any information which the
Permit Issuing Authority may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or
terminating this permit or to determine compliance with this permit. The Permittee shall also fiimish to the Permit
Issuing Authority upon request, copies of records required by this permit [40 CFR 122.41(h)].
9. Duty to Reaanly
If the Permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit, the
Permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit [40 CFR 122.41(b)].
10. Expiration of Permit
The Permittee is not authorized to discharge after the expiration date. In order to receive automatic authorization to
discharge beyond the expiration date, the Permittee shall submit such information, forms, and fees as are required
by the agency authorized to issue permits no later than 180 days prior to the expiration date unless permission for a
later date has been granted by the Director. (Me Director shall not grant permission for applications to be
submitted later than the expiration date of the existing permit.) [40 CFR 122.21(d)] Any Permittee that has not
requested renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration, or any Permittee that does not have a permit after the
expiration and has not requested renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration, will subject the Permittee to
enforcement procedures as provided in NCGS 143-215.6 and 33 USC 1251 et. seq.
11. Si ng story Requirements
All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority shall be signed and certified [40
CFR 122.41(k)].
a. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:
(1) For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section, a responsible
corporate officer means: (a) a president, secretary, treasurer or vice president of the corporation in charge
of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision making
functions for the corporation, or (b) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating
facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation
of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment
recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long term
environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the
necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit
application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the
manager in accordance with corporate procedures.
(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or
(3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency by either a principal executive officer or
ranking elected official [40 CFR 122.22].
b. All reports required by the permit and other information requested by the Permit Issuing Authority shall be
signed by a person described in paragraph a. above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A
person is a duly authorized representative only if:
(1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described above;
(2) The authorization specified either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation
of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or well field,
superintendent, a position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall
responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be
either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position.); and
(3) The written authorization is submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority'[40 CFR 122.221
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c. Changes to authorization: ff an authorization under paragraph (b) of this section is no longer accurate because
a different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a new authorization
satisfying the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section must be submitted to the Director prior to or
together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative [40 CFR
122.22]
d. Certification. Any person signing a document under paragraphs a. or b. of this section shall make the following
certification [40 CFR 122.22]. NO OTHER STATEMENTS OF CERTIFICATION WILL BE ACCEPTED:
'T certify, underpenalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that quaked personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of theperson orpersons who manage the system, or
those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. lam aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility offines and imprisonment for knowing violations. "
12. Permit Actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a request by the
Permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes
or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition [40 CFR 122.41(f)].
13. Permit Modification, Revocation and Reissuance, or Termination
The issuance of this permit does not prohibit the permit issuing authority from reopening and modifying the permit,
revoking and reissuing the permit, or terminating the permit as allowed by the laws, rules, and regulations
contained in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 122 and 123; Title 15A of the North Carolina
Administrative Code, Subchapter 02H .0100; and North Carolina General Statute 143.215.1 et. al.
14. Annual Administerine and Compliance Monitoring Fee Re uirements
The Permittee must pay the annual administering and compliance monitoring fee within thirty days after being
billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee in a timely manner in accordance with 15A NCAC 02H .0105(b)(2)
may cause this Division to initiate action to revoke the permit.
Section C. Operation and Maintenance of Pollution Controls
Certified Operator
Owners of classified water pollution control systems must designate operators, certified by the Water Pollution
Control System Operators Certification Commission (WPCSOCC), of the appropriate type and grade for the
system, and, for each classification must [T15A NCAC 08G .0201]:
a. designate one Operator In Responsible Charge (ORC) who possesses a valid certificate of the type and grade at
least equivalent to the type and grade of the system;
b. designate one or more Back-up Operators) in Responsible Charge (Back-up ORCs) who possesses a valid
certificate of the type of the system and no more than one grade less than the grade of the system, with the
exception of no backup operator in responsible charge is required for systems whose minimum visitation
requirements are twice per year, and
c. submit a signed completed "Water Pollution Control System Operator Designation Form" to the Commission
(or to the local health department for owners of subsurface systems) countersigned by the designated certified
operators, designating the Operator in Responsible Charge (ORC) and the Back-up Operator in Responsible
Charge (Back-up ORC):
(1) 60 calendar days prior to wastewater or residuals being introduced into a new system; or
(2) within 120 calendar days following:
D receiving notification of a change in the classification of the system requiring the designation of a new
Operator in Responsible Charge (ORC) and Back-up Operator in Responsible Charge (Back-up ORC)
of the proper type and grade; or
➢ a vacancy in the position of Operator in Responsible Charge (ORC) or Back-up Operator in
Responsible Charge (Back-up ORC).
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(3) within seven calendar days of vacancies in both ORC and Back-up ORC positions replacing or designating
at least one of the responsibilities.
The ORC of each Class I facility (or the Backup ORC, when acting as surrogate for the ORC) must:
➢ Visit the facility as often as is necessary to insure proper operation of the treatment system; the treatment
facility must be visited at least weekly
➢ Comply with all other conditions of 15A NCAC 08G .0204.
The ORC of each Class 11, III and IV facility (or the Back-up ORC, when acting as surrogate for the ORC) must:
➢ Visit the facility as often as is necessary to insure proper operation of the treatment system; the treatment
facility must be visited at least five days per week, excluding holidays
➢ Properly manage and document daily operation and maintenance of the facility
➢ Comply with all other conditions of 15A NCAC 08G .0204.
2. Proper Operation and Maintenance
The Permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control
(and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the Permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions
of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality
assurance procedures. This provision requires the Permittee to install and operate backup or auxiliary facilities only
when necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of the permit [40 CFR 122.41(e)].
NOTE: Properly and officially designated operators are fully responsible for all proper operation and maintenance
of the facility, and all documentation required thereof, whether acting as a contract operator [subcontractor] or a
member of the Permittee's staff.
Need to Halt or Reduce not a Defense
It shall not be a defense for a Permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or
reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the condition of this permit [40 CFR 122.41(c)].
4. Bypassing of Treatment Facilities
a. Bypass not exceeding limitations [40 CFR 122.41(m)(2)]
The Permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be exceeded, but
only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to the
provisions of Paragraphs b. and c. of this section.
b. Notice [40 CFR 122.41(mx3)]
(1) Anticipated bypass. If the Permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it shall submit prior notice,
if possible at least ten days before the date of the bypass; including an evaluation of the anticipated quality
and effect of the bypass.
(2) Unanticipated bypass. The Permittee shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as required in Part
II.E.6. (24-hour notice).
c. Prohibition of Bypass
(1) Bypass from the treatment facility is prohibited and the Permit Issuing Authority may take enforcement
action against a Permittee for bypass, unless:
(A) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severeproperty damage;
(B) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities,
retention of untreated wastes or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime. This
condition is not satisfied if adequate backup equipment should have been installed in the exercise of
reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of
equipment downtime or preventive maintenance; and
(C) The Permittee submitted notices as required under Paragraph b. of this section.
(2) Bypass from the collection system is prohibited and the Permit Issuing Authority may take enforcement
action against a Permittee for a bypass as provided in any current or future system -wide collection system
permit associated with the treatment facility.
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(3) The Permit Issuing Authority may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects, if
the Permit Issuing Authority determines that it will meet the three conditions listed above in Paragraph c.
(1) of this section.
Upsets
a. Effect of an upset [40 CFR 122.41(n)(2)1: An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for
noncompliance with such technology based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph b. of
this condition are met. No determination made during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was
caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial
review.
b. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset: Any Permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative
defense of upset shall demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant
evidence that:
(1) An upset occurred and that the Permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset;
(2) The Permittee facility was at the time being properly operated, and
(3) The Permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part II.E.6.(b) of this permit.
(4) The Permittee complied with any remedial measures required under Part ILB.2. of this permit.
c. Burden of proof (40 CFR 122.41(n)(4)] - The Permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has
the burden of proof in any enforcement proceeding.
Removed Substances
Solids, sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or control of wastewaters
shall be utilized/disposed of in accordance with NCGS 143-215.1 and in a manner such as to prevent any pollutant
from such materials from entering waters of the State or navigable waters of the United States except as permitted
by the Commission. The Permittee shall comply with all applicable state and Federal regulations governing the
disposal of sewage sludge, including 40 CFR 503, Standards for the Use and Disposal of Sewage Sludge; 40 CFR
Part 258, Criteria, For Municipal Solid Waste Landfills; and 15A NCAC Subchapter 2T, Waste Not Discharged To
Surface Waters. The Permittee shall notify the Permit Issuing Authority of any significant change in its sludge use
or disposal practices.
7. Power Failures
The Permittee is responsible for maintaining adequate safeguards (as required by 15A NCAC 02H .0124) to
prevent the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated wastes during electrical power failures either by means
of alternate power sources, standby generators or retention of inadequately treated effluent.
Section D. Monitorm and Records
I. Representative Samr lim
Samples collected and measurements taken, as required herein, shall be representative ofthe permitted discharge.
Samples collected at a frequency less than daily shall be taken on a day and time that is representative of the
discharge for the period the sample represents. All samples shall be taken at the monitoring points specified in this
permit and, unless otherwise specified, before the effluent joins or is diluted by any other wastestream, body of
water, or substance. Monitoring points shall not be changed without notification to and the approval of the Permit
Issuing Authority [40 CFR 122.41(j}].
2. Reporting
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month and reported on a
monthly Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Form (MR 1, 1. 1, 2, 3) or alterative forms approved by the
Director, postmarked no later than the last calendar day of the month following the completed reporting period.
The first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the issuance of the permit or in the case of a new
facility, on the last day of the month following the commencement of discharge. Duplicate signed copies of these,
and all other reports required herein, shall be submitted to the following address:
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NC DENR / Division of Water Resources / Water Quality Permitting Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
3. Flow Measurements
Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific practices shall be selected
and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of the volume of monitored discharges. The
devices shall be installed, calibrated and maintained to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements is consistent
with the accepted capability of that type of device. Devices selected shall be capable of measuring flows with a
maximum deviation of less than 10% from the true discharge rates throughout the range of expected discharge
volumes. Flow measurement devices shall be accurately calibrated at a minimum of once per year and maintained
to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements is consistent with the accepted capability of that We of device.
The Director shall approve the flow measurement device and monitoring location prior to installation,
Chace -through condenser cooling water flow monitored by pump logs, or pump hour meters as specified in Part I of
this permit and based on the manufacturer's pump curves shall not be subject to this requirement.
4. Test Procedures
Laboratories used for sample analysis must be certified by the Division. Permittees should contact the Division's
Laboratory Certification Section (919 733-3908 or http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/lab/cert) for information
regarding laboratory certifications.
Facilities whose personnel are conducting testing of field -certified parameters only must hold the appropriate field
parameter laboratory certifications.
Test procedures for the analysis of pollutants shall conform to the EMC regulations (published pursuant to NCGS
143-215.63 et seq.), the Water and Air Quality Reporting Acts, and to regulations published pursuant to Section
304(g), 33 USC 1314, of the CWA (as amended), and 40 CFR 136; or in the case of sludge use or disposal,
approved under 40 CFR 136, unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR 503, unless other test procedures have been
specified in this permit [40 CFR 122.41 ].
To meet the intent of the monitoring required by this permit, all test procedures must produce minimum detection
and reporting levels that are below the permit discharge requirements and all data generated must be reported down
to the minimum detection or lower reporting level of the procedure. If no approved methods are determined
capable of achieving minimum detection and reporting levels below permit discharge requirements, then the most
sensitive (method with the lowest possible detection and reporting level) approved method must be used.
5. Penalties for Tampering
The CWA provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate, any monitoring
device or method required to be maintained under this permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not
more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both. If a
conviction of a person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this paragraph,
punishment is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 4 years,
or both [40 CFR 122.41].
6. Records Retention
Except for records of monitoring information required by this permit related to the Per mittee's sewage sludge use
and disposal activities, which shall be retained for a period of at least five years (or longer as required by 40 CFR
503), the Pemmittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including:
➢ all calibration and maintenance records
➢ all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation
➢ copies of all reports required by this permit
➢ copies of all data used to complete the application for this permit
These records or copies shall be maintained for a period of at Ieast 3 years from the date of the sample,
measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time [40 CFR
122.41].
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7. Record'RecordinLResults
For each measurement or sample taken pursuant to the requirements of this permit, the Permittee shall record the
following information [40 CFR 122.41]:
a. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
b. The individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
c. The date(s) analyses were performed;
d The individual(s) who performed the analyses;
e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
f. The results of such analyses.
Inspection and Entry
The Permittee shall allow the Director, or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor acting as
a representative of the Director), upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as maybe required by
law, to;
a. Enter, at reasonable times, upon the Permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or
conducted, or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
b. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
c. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices,
or operations regulated or required under this permit; and
d. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise
authorized by the CWA, any substances or parameters at any location [40 CFR 122.41(i)].
Section E R ortin Re uirements
1. Change in Discharge
All discharges authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms and conditions of this permit. The discharge of
any pollutant identified in this permit more frequently than or at a level in excess of that authorized shall constitute
a violation of the permit.
2. Planned Chanv es
The Permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions
to the permitted facility [40 CFR 122.41(1)]. Notice is required only when:
a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for new sources at 40 CFR
122.29(b); or
b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of pollutants
discharged. This notification applies to pollutants subject neither to effiuent limitations in the permit, nor to
notification requirements under 40 CFR 122.42(a)(1); or
c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the Permittee's sludge use or disposal practices, and
such alteration, addition or change may justify the application of permit conditions that are different from or
absent in the existing permit, including notification of additional use or disposal sites not reported during the
permit application process or not reported pursuant to an approved land application plan.
3. Anticipated Noncompliance
The Permittee shall give advance notice to the Director of any planned changes to the permitted facility or other
activities that might result in noncompliance with the permit [40 CFR 122.41(1)(2)].
4. Transfers
This permit is not transferable to any person without prior written notice to and approval from the Director in
accordance with 40 CFR 122.61. The Director may condition approval in accordance with NCGS 143-215.1, in
particular NCGS 143-215.1(b)(4)b.2., and may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit, or
a minor modification, to identify the new permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary
under the CWA [40 CFR 122.41(1)(3), 122.61) or state statute.
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5. Monitoring Reports
Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit [40 CFR 122.41(1)(4)].
a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) (See Part II.D.2) or forms
provided by the Director for reporting results of monitoring of sludge use or disposal practices.
b. If the Permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit using test procedures
approved under 40 CFR Part 136 and at a sampling location specified in this permit or other appropriate
instrument governing the discharge, the results of such monitoring shall be included in the calculation and
reporting of the data submitted on the DMR.
6. Twenty-four Hour Reporting
a. The Permittee shall report to the Director or the appropriate Regional Office any noncompliance that
potentially threatens public health or the environment. Any information shall be provided orally within 24
hours from the time the Permittee became aware of the circumstances. A written submission shall also be
provided within 5 days of the time the Permittee becomes aware of the circumstances. The written submission
shall contain a description of the noncompliance, and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact
dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to
continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance [40
CFR 122.41(1)(6)].
b. The Director may waive the written report on a case -by -case basis for reports under this section if the oral
report has been received within 24 hours.
c. Occurrences outside normal business hours may also be reported to the Division's Emergency Response
personnel at [phone], [phone] or [phone].
7. Other Noncompliance
The Permittee shall report all instances of noncompliance not reported under Part II.E.S and 6. of thus permit at the
time monitoring reports are submitted. The reports shall contain the information listed in Part U.E.6. of this permit
[40 CFR 122.41(1)(7)].
8. Other Information
Where the Permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted
incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to the Director, it shall promptly submit such facts or
information [40 CFR 122.410)(8)].
Noncom; ••fiance Notification
The Permittee shall report by telephone to either the central office or the appropriate regional office of the Division
as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next working day following the occurrence or first
knowledge of the occurrence of any of the following:
Any occurrence at the water pollution control facility which results in the discharge of significant amounts of
wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such as the dumping of the contents of a sludge
digester; the known passage of a slug of hazardous substance through the facility; or any other unusual
circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility incapable of adequate
wastewater treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures of pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.
c. Any failure of a purnping station, sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-pass without treatment of all
or any portion of the influent to such station or facility.
Persons repotting such occtrrrettces by telephone shall also file a written report within 5 days following first
knowledge or the occurrence. Also see reporting requirements for municipalities in Part IV.C.2.c. of this permit.
10. Availabiliov of Reports
Except for data detenn ned to be confidential under NCGS 143-2I5.3 (a)(2) or Section 308 or the Federal Act, 33
USC 1318, all reports prepared in accordance with the terms shall be available for public inspection at the offices
of the Division. As required by the Act, effluent data shall not be considered confidential. Knowingly malting any
false statement on any such report may result in the imposition of criminal penaltics as provided for in NCGS 143-
215.I(b)(2) or in Section 309 of the Federal Act.
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11. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
The CWA provides that any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in
any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit, including monitoring
reports or reports of compliance or noncompliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than
$25,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both [40 CFR 122.41].
12. Annual Performance Re iorts
Peimittees who own or operate facilities that primarily collect or treat municipal or domestic wastewater and have
an average annual flow greater than 200,000 gallons per day shall provide an annual report to the Permit Issuing
Authority and to the users/customers served by the Permtttee (NCGS 143-215.1C). The report shall summarize the
performance of the collection or treatment system, as well as the extent to which the facility was compliant with
applicable Federal or State laws, regulations and rules pertaining to water quality. The report shall be provided no
later than sixty days after the end of the calendar or fiscal year, depending upon which annual period is used for
evaluation.
The report shall be sent to:
NC DENR / Division of Water Resources / Water Quality Permitting Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
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PART III
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Section A. Construction
a. The Permittee shall not commence construction of wastewater treatment facilities, nor add to the planVs treatment
capacity, nor change the treatment process(es) utilized at the treatment plant unless (1) the Division has issued an
Authorization to Construct (AtC) permit or (2) the Permittee is exempted from such AtC permit requirements
under Item b. of this Section.
b. In accordance with NCGS 143-215.1(a5) [SL 2011-394], no permit shall be required to enter into a contract for the
construction, installation, or alteration of any treatment work or disposal system or to construct, install, or alter any
treatment works or disposal system within the State when the system's or work's principle function is to conduct,
treat, equalize, neutralize, stabilize, recycle, or dispose of industrial waste or sewage from an industrial facility and
the discharge of the industrial waste or sewage is authorized under a permit issued for the discharge of the
industrial waste or sewage into the waters of the State. Notwithstanding the above, the permit issued for the
discharge may be modified if required by federal regulation.
c. Issuance of an AtC will not occur until Final Plans and Specifications for the proposed construction have been
submitted by the Permittee and approved by the Division.
Section B. Groundwater Monitorin
The Permittee shall, upon written notice from the Director, conduct groundwater monitoring as may be required to
determine the compliance of this NPDES permitted facility with the current groundwater standards.
Section C. Channes in Discharges of Toxic Substances
The Permittee shall notify the Permit Issuing Authority as soon as it knows or has reason to believe (40 CFR 122.42):
a. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in the discharge, on a routine or frequent basis, of
any toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed the highest of the following
"notification levels";
(1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 µg/L);
(2) Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 µg(L) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five hundred micrograms per liter
(500 µg/L) for 2,4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; and one milligram per liter (1 mg/L) for
antimony;
(3) Five times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit application.
b. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in any discharge, on a non -routine or infrequent
basis, of a toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed the highest of the
following "notification levels";
(1) Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 µg/L);
(2) One milligram per liter (1 mg/L) for antimony;
(3) Ten times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit application.
Section D. Facility Closure Rey; uirements
The Permittee must notify the Division at least 90 days prior to the closure of any wastewater treatment system covered
by this permit. The Division may require specific measures during deactivation of the system to prevent adverse
impacts to waters of the State. This permit cannot be rescinded while any activities requiring this permit continue at the
permitted facility.
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PART IV
SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR MUNICIPAL FACILITIES
Section A. Definitions
In addition to the definitions in Part II of this permit, the following definitions apply to municipal facilities:
Indirect Discharge or Industrial User
Any non -domestic source that discharges wastewater containing pollutants into a POTW regulated under section
307(b), (c) or (d) of the CWA. [40 CFR 403.3 (i) and 0) and 15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(11)]
Interference
Inhibition or disruption of the POTW treatment processes; operations; or its sludge process, use, or disposal which
causes or contributes to a violation of any requirement of the Permittee's (or any satellite POTWs if different from the
Permittee) NPDES, collection system, or non -discharge permit or prevents sewage sludge use or disposal in
compliance with specified applicable State and Federal statutes, regulations, or permits. [15A NCAC 02H
.0903(b)(14)]
Pass Through
A discharge which exits the POTW into waters of the State in quantities or concentrations which, alone or with
discharges from other sources, causes a violation, including an increase in the magnitude or duration of a violation, of
the Permittee's (or any satellite POTWs, if different from the Permittee) NPDES, collection system, or non -discharge
permit. [15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(23)]
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW �
A treatment works as defined by Section 212 of the CWA, which is owned by a State or local government organization.
This definition includes any devices and systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling and reclamation of municipal
sewage or industrial wastes of a liquid nature. It also includes the collection system, as defined in 15A NCAC 2T
.0402, only if it conveys wastewater to a POTW treatment plant. The term also means the local government
organization, or municipality, as defined in section 502(4) of the CWA, which has jurisdiction over indirect discharges
to and the discharges from such a treatment works. In this context, the organization may be the owner of the POTW
treatment plant or the owner of the collection system into which an indirect discharger discharges. This second type of
POTW may be referred to as a "satellite POTW organization." [15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(26)]
"Siimificant Industrial User" or "SIU"
An Industrial User that discharges wastewater into a publicly owned treatment works and that [15A NCAC 02H
.0903(b)(33)]:
1. Discharges an average of 25,000 gallons per day or more of process wastewater to the POTW (excluding sanitary,
noncontact cooling and boiler blowdown wastewaters); or
2. Contributes process wastewater which makes up five percent or more of the NPDES or non -discharge permitted
flow limit or organic capacity of the POTW treatment plant. In this context, organic capacity refers to BOD, TSS
and ammonia; or
3. Is subject to categorical standards under 40 CFR Part 403.6 and 40 CFR Parts 405-471; or
4. Is designated as such by the Permittee on the basis that the Industrial User has a reasonable potential for adversely
affecting the POTWs operation or for violating any pretreatment standard or requirement, or the POTWs effluent
limitations and conditions in its NPDES or non -discharge permit, or to limit the POTWs sludge disposal options;
5. Subject to approval under 15A NCAC 02H .0907(b), the Permittee may determine that an Industrial User meeting
the criteria in paragraphs 1 or 2 of this definition above has no reasonable potential for adversely affecting the
POTWs operation or for violating any pretreatment standard or requirement, the POTWs effluent limitations and
conditions in its NPDES or non -discharge permit, or to limit the POTWs sludge disposal options, and thus is not a
Significant Industrial User (SIU); or
6. Subject to approval under 15A NCAC 02H .0907(b), the Permittee may determine that an Industrial User meeting
the criteria in paragraph 3 of this definition above meets the requirements of 40 CFR Part 403.3(v)(2) and thus is a
non -significant categorical Industrial User.
Section B. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
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All POTWs must provide adequate notice to the Director of the following [40 CFR 122.42(b)]:
1. Any new introduction of pollutants into the POTW from an indirect discharger, regardless of the means of
transport, which would be subject to section 301 or 306 of CWA if it were directly discharging those pollutants;
and
2. Any substantial change in the volume or character of pollutants being introduced by an indirect discharger as
influent to that POTW at the time of issuance of the permit
3. For purposes of this paragraph, adequate notice shall include information on (1) the quality and quantity of effluent
introduced into the POTW, and (2) any anticipated impact that may result from the change of the quantity or
quality of effluent to be discharged from the POTW.
Section C. Municipal Control of Pollutants from Industrial Users.
1. Effluent limitations are listed in Part I of this permit. Other pollutants attributable to inputs from Industrial Users
discharging to the POTW may be present in the Permittee`s discharge. At such time as sufficient information
becomes available to establish limitations for such pollutants, this permit may be revised to specify effluent
limitations for any or all of such other pollutants in accordance with best practicable technology or water quality
standards.
2. Prohibited Discharges
a. The Permittee shall develop and enforce their Pretreatment Program to implement the prohibition against the
introduction ofpollutants or discharges into the waste treatment system or waste collection system which
cause or contribute to Pass Through or Interference as defined in 15A NCAC 02H .0900 and 40 CFR 403. [40
CFR 403.5(a)(1)]
b. The Permittee shall develop and enforce their Pretreatment Program to implement the prohibitions against the
introduction of the following wastes in the waste treatment or waste collection system [40 CFR 403.5(b)]:
(1) Pollutants which create a fire or explosion hazard in the POTW, including, but not limited to,
wastestreams with a closed cup flashpoint of less than 140 degrees Fahrenheit or 60 degrees Centigrade
using the test methods specified in 40 CFR 261.21;
(2) Pollutants which cause corrosive structural damage to the POTW, but in no case discharges with pH lower
than 5.0, unless the works is specifically designed to accommodate such discharges;
(3) Solid or viscous pollutants in amounts which cause obstruction to the flow in the POTW resulting in
Interference;
(4) Any pollutant, including oxygen demanding pollutants (BOD, etc.) released in a Discharge at a flow rate
and/or pollutant concentration which will cause Interference with the POTW;
(5) Heat in amounts which will inhibit biological activity in the POTW resulting in Interference, but in no
case heat in such quantities that the temperature at the POTW Treatment Plant exceeds 40°C (104°F)
unless the Division, upon request of the POTW, approves alternate temperature limits;
(6) Petroleum oil, non -biodegradable cutting oil, or products of mineral oil origin in amounts that will cause
Interference or Pass Through;
(7) Pollutants which result in the, presence of toxic gases, vapors, or fumes within the POTW in a quantity that
may cause acute worker health and safety problems; or
(8) Any trucked or hauled pollutants, except at discharge points designated by the POTW.
The Permittee shall investigate the source of all discharges into the POTW, including slug loads and other
unusual discharges, which have the potential to adversely impact the Permittee's Pretreatment Program and/or
the operation of the POTW.
The Permittee shall report such discharges into the POTW to the Director or the appropriate Regional Office.
Any information shall be provided orally within 24 hours from the time the Permittee became aware of the
circumstances. A written submission shall also be provided within 5 days of the time the Permittee becomes
aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a description of the discharge; the
investigation into possible sources; the period of the discharge, including exact dates and times; if the
discharge has not ceased, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce,
eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance,
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
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3. With regard to the effluent requirements listed in Part I of this permit, it may be necessary for the Permittee to
supplement the requirements of the Federal Pretreatment Standards (40 CFR, Part 403) to ensure compliance by
the Permittee with all applicable effluent limitations. Such actions by the Permittee may be necessary regarding
some or all of the industries discharging to the municipal system.
4. The Permittee shall require any Industrial User (IU) discharging to the POTW to meet Federal Pretreatment
Standards developed under Section 307(b) of the Act as amended (which includes categorical standards and
specific local limits, best management practices and narrative requirements). Prior to accepting wastewater from
any Significant Industrial User (SIU), the Permittee shall either develop and submit to the Division a new
Pretreatment Program or, as necessary, a modification of an existing Pretreatment Program, for approval as
required under section D below as well as 15A NCAC 02H .0907(a) and (b). [40 CFR 122.446)(2)]
5. This permit shall be modified, or alternatively, revoked and reissued, to incorporate or modify an approved POTW
Pretreatment Program or to include a compliance schedule for the development of a POTW Pretreatment Program
as required under Section 402 (b)(8) of the CWA and implementing regulations or by the requirements of the
approved State pretreatment program, as appropriate.
Section D. Pretreatment Proerams
Under authority of sections 307 (b) and (c) and 402(b)(8) of the CWA and implementing regulations 40 CFR 403,
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.3(14) and implementing regulations 15A NCAC 02H .0900, and in accordance
with the approved pretreatment program, all provisions and regulations contained and referenced in the pretreatment
program submittal are an enforceable part of this permit. (40 CFR 122.440)(2)l
The Permittee shall operate its approved pretreatment program in accordance with Section 402(b)(8) of the CWA, 40
CFR 403, 15A NCAC 02H .0900, and the legal authorities, policies, procedures, and financial provisions contained in
its pretreatment program submission and Division approved modifications thereof Such operation shall include but is
not limited to the implementation of the following conditions and requirements. Terms not defined in Part II or Part IV
of this permit are as defined in 15A NCAC 02H .0903 and 40 CFR 403.3.
I. Sewer Use Ordinance � SUO
The Permittee shall maintain adequate legal authority to implement its approved pretreatment program. [I 5A
NCAC 02H .0903(b)(32), .0905 and .0906(b)(1); 40 CFR 403.8(f)(1) and 403.9(b)(1) and (2)]
2. Industrial Waste Survey JWS,
The Pemuttee shall implement an IWS consisting of the survey of users of the POTW collection system or
treatment plant, as required by 40 CFR 403.8(f)(2)(i-iii) and 15A NCAC 02H .0905 [also 40 CFR 122.446)(1)],
including identification of all Industrial Users that may have an impact on the POTW and the character and amount
of pollutants contributed to the POTW by these Industrial Users and identification of those Industrial Users
meeting the definition of SILT. Where the Permittee accepts wastewater from one or more satellite POTWs, the
IWS for the Permittee shall address all satellite POTW services areas, unless the pretreatment program in those
satellite service areas is administered by a separate Permittee with an approved Pretreatment Program. The
Permittee shall submit a summary of its IWS activities to the Division at least once every five years, and as
required by the Division. The IWS submission shall include a summary of any investigations conducted under
paragraph C.2.c. of this Part. [15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(13), .0905 and .0906(b)(2); 40 CFR 403.8(f)(2) and 403.9]
3. Monitoring- Plan
The Permittee shall implement a Division -approved Monitoring Plan for the collection of facility specific data to
be used in a wastewater treatment plant Headworks Analysis (HWA) for the development of specific pretreatment
local limits. Effluent data from the Plan shall be reported on the DMRs (as required by Parts II.D and ILE.5.). [15A
NCAC 02H .0903(b)(16), .0906(b)(3) and .0905]
4. Headworks Anat�sis HWA: and Local Limits
The Permittee shall obtain Division approval of a HWA at least once every five years, and as required by the
Division. Within 180 days of the effective date of this permit (or any subsequent permit modification) the
Permittee shall submit to the Division a written technical evaluation of the need to revise local limits (i.e., an
updated HWA or documentation of why one is not needed) [40 CFR 122.44]. The Permittee shall develop, in
accordance with 40 CFR 403.5(c) and 15A NCAC 02H .0909, specific Local Limits to implement the prohibitions
listed in 40 CFR 403.5(a) and (b) and 15A NCAC 02H .0909. Pursuant to 40 CFR 403.5, local limits are
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
Page 17 of 18
enforceable Pretreatment Standards as defined by 40 CFR 403.3(1). [15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(10), .0905, and
.0906(b)(4)]
Industrial User Pretreatment Permits (IUP) & Allocation Tables
In accordance with NCGS 143-215.1, the Permittee shall issue to all Significant industrial Users, permits for
operation of pretreatment equipment and discharge to the Permittee's collection system or treatment works. These
permits shall contain limitations, sampling protocols, reporting requirements, appropriate standard and special
conditions, and compliance schedules as necessary for the installation of treatment and control technologies to
assure that their wastewater discharge will meet all applicable pretreatment standards and requirements. The
Permittee shall maintain a current Allocation Table (AT) which summarizes the results of the HWA and the limits
from all IUPs. Permitted IUP loadings for each parameter cannot exceed the treatment capacity of the POTW as
determined by the HWA. [15A NCAC 02H .0906(b)(6), .0909, .0916, and .0917; 40 CFR 403.5, 403.8(f)(1)(iii);
NCGS 143-215.67(a)]
Authorization to Construct (AtQ
The Permittee shall ensure that an Authorization to Construct permit (AtQ is issued to all applicable Industrial
Users for the construction or modification of any pretreatment facility. Prior to the issuance of an AtC, the
proposed pretreatment facility and treatment process must be evaluated for its capacity to comply with all
Industrial User Pretreatment Permit MR) limitations. [15A NCAC 02H .0906(b)(7) and .0905; NCGS 143-
215. 1 (a)(8)]
POTW inspection & Monitoring of their lUs
The Permittee shall conduct inspection, surveillance, and monitoring activities as described in its Division
approved pretreatment program in order to determine, independent of information supplied by Industrial Users,
compliance with applicable pretreatment standards. [I5A NCAC 02H .0908(e); 40 CFR 403.8(1)(2)(v)] The
Permittee must:
a. Inspect all Significant Industrial Users (S1Us) at least once per calendar year;
b. Sample all Significant Industrial Users (SlUs) at least once per calendar year for all SIU permit -limited
parameters including flow except as allowed under 15A NCAC .0908(e); and
c. At least once per year, document an evaluation of any non -significant categorical Industrial User for
compliance with the requirements in 40 CFR 403.3(v)(2), and either continue or revoke the designation as non-
significant
8. IUSelfMonitorin andReportin<<
The Permittee shall require all industrial Users to comply with the applicable monitoring and reporting
requirements outlined in the Division -approved pretreatment program, the industry's pretreatment permit, or in 15A
NCAC 02H .0908. [15A NCAC 02H .0906(b)(5) and .0905; 40 CFR 403.8(f)(1)(v) and (2)(iii); 40 CFR
122.446)(2) and 40 CFR 403.121
9. Enforcement Response Plan f ERP 1
The Permittee shall enforce and obtain appropriate remedies for violations of all pretreatment standards
promulgated pursuant to section 307(b) and (c) of the CWA (40 CFR 405 et. seq.), prohibitive discharge standards
as set forth in 40 CFR. 403.5 and 15A NCAC 02H .0909, specific local limitations, and other pretreatment
requirements. All remedies, enforcement actions and other, shall be consistent with the Enforcement Response
Plan (ERP) approved by the Division. [15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(7), .0906(b)(8) and .0905; 40 CFR 403.8(0(5)]
10. Pretreatment Annual Re its i PAR
The Permittee shall report to the Division in accordance with 15A NCAC 02H .0908. in lieu of submitting annual
reports, Modified Pretreatment Programs developed under 15A NCAC 02H .0904 (b) may be required to submit a
partial annual report or to meet with Division personnel periodically to discuss enforcement of pretreatment
requirements and other pretreatment implementation issues.
For all other active pretreatment programs, the Permittee shall submit two copies of a Pretreatment Annual Report
(PAR) describing its pretreatment activities over the previous calendar year to the Division at the following
address:
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NPDES Permit Standard Conditions
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NC DENR / Division of Water Resources / Water Quality Permitting Section
Pretreatment, Emergency Response, and Collection Systems (PERCS) Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
These reports shall be submitted by March 1 of each year and shall contain the following:
a. Narrative
A narrative summary detailing actions taken, or proposed, -by the Permittee to correct significant non-
compliance and to ensure compliance with pretreatment requirements;
In. Pretreatment Program Summary. PPS)
A pretreatment program summary (PPS) on fors or in a format provided by the Division;
c. S_. imificant Non -Compliance Report (SNCR�
A list of Industrial Users (IUs) in significant noncompliance (SNC) with pretreatment requirements, and the
nature of the violations on forms or in a format provided by the Division;
d. Industrial Data Summary Forms [IDSF,
Monitoring data from samples collected by both the POTW and the Significant Industrial Users (Sl Us). These
analytical results must be reported on Industrial Data Summary Forms (IDSF) or on other forms or in a format
provided by the Division;
e. Other Information
Copies of the POTW's allocation table, new or modified enforcement compliance schedules, public notice of
Ns in SNC, a summary of data or other information related to significant noncompliance determinations for
IUs that are not considered SIUs, and any other information, upon request, which in the opinion of the Director
is needed to determine compliance with the pretreatment implementation requirements of this permit,
11. Public Notice
The Permittee shall publish annually a list of Industrial Users (IUs) that were in significant noncompliance (SNC)
as defined in the Permitteds Division -approved Sewer Use Ordinance with applicable pretreatment requirements
and standards during the previous twelve month period. This list shall be published within four months of the
applicable twelve-month period. [15A NCAC 02H .0903(b)(34), .0908(b)(5) and .0905 and 40 CFR
403.8(f)(2)(viii)]
12. Record Keeping
The Permittee shall retain for a minimum of three years records of monitoring activities and results, along with
support information including general records, water quality records, and records of industrial impact on the
POTW and shall retain all other Pretreatment Program records as required by 15A NCAC 02H .0908(f). [15A
NCAC 02H .0908(f); 40 CFR 403.12(o)]
13. Pretreatment Prop- ram Resources
The Permittee shall maintain adequate funding and qualified personnel to accomplish the objectives of its approved
pretreatment program and retain a written description of those current levels of inspection. [15A NCAC 02H
.0906(b)(9) and (10) and .0905; 40 CFR 403.8(f)(3), 403.9(b)(3)]
14. Modification to Pretreatment Progyams
Modifications to the approved pretreatment program including but not limited to local limits modifications, POTW
monitoring of their Significant Industrial Users (SIUs), and Monitoring Plan modifications, shall be considered a
permit modification and shall be governed by 40 CFR 403.18, 15 NCAC 02H .0114 and 15A NCAC 02H .0907_
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DEQ/DWR
AMENDED FACT SHEET FOR NPDES PERMIT DEVELOPMENT
NPDES No. NC0004308
Faciliry Information
A licant(Facilit y Name: Badin Business Park LLC, (f erl Alcoa Inc.)/Alcoa Badin Works
Aeplicant Address: PO Box 576, Badin, NC 28009
Facility Address: NC Hwy 740 & NCSR 1719, Badin NC
Permitted Flow: N/A
Type of Waste: Stormwater, groundwater and fire protection water
Facility/Permit Status: Renewal/Inactive Industrial Site
Receiving Streams:
303(d) Listed?
HUC:
State Grid / USGS Quad:
SUMMARY
Miscellaneous
Badin Lake
UT Little Mountain
Creek
Yes
03040103/03040104
F18NE, F18NW Badin
& New London, NC
Stream �WS-IV B CA (Badin Lake)
Classification: WS-IV (UT Little
IMountain Creek E
Regional Office- Mooresvil
Permit Writer: Teresa Ro
Date: 3/31/2017
Alcoa Inc. submitted a permit renewal application on August 30, 2012 for the Badin Works facility. The
current permit expired on February 28, 2013. Additional information on the permit application was
received on June 14 and August 26, 2013. This is a wastewater and stormwater permit developed jointly
with the Stormwater Permitting Program, Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources (DEMLR).
The Badin Works facility was operated as an aluminum smelter facility (SIC codes 3334 and 3365) until
July 2007 when it ceased operations. The facility no longer has discharges of process wastewater or
ancillary wastewaters. Domestic wastewaters are discharged to the Town of Badin W WTP. Some of the
buildings at the site have been demolished. Alcoa plans to redevelop the property for future industrial
uses. At present there is an electronic recycling facility operating at the site that doesn't contribute any
wastewater or stormwater discharges. Although the industrial operations ceased at the site, previous
activities contribute to pollutants of concern in the stormwater and/or groundwater runoff. Stormwater
runoff and infiltrated groundwater drains from the site through 10 outfalls. In addition, occasional fire
protection water is discharged through some of the. outfalls. Table 1 presents a description of all the
outfalls.
The site includes two offsite closed landfills, the Alcoa Badin Landfill (SWMU # 2) and the Old Brick
Landfill, SWMU #3 (Outfall 019). Seepage from SWMU #2 used to be discharged through outfalI 021.
The seeps were connected to a pump station and rerouted to the Badin WWTP. Outfall 021 was
eliminated and closed. Seepage from SWMU #3 was previously discharged through Outfall 019. In 2007
SWMU #3 was covered with a compacted low permeable clay layer, a synthetic membrane liner and a
grass cover. A drainage system with toe -drains was installed over the liner to collect stormwater that
infiltrates through the grass cover. The stormwater that drains from the drainage system is collected in a
retention pond designed to infiltrate the collected water to the subsurface. Outfall 019 was retained for the
discharge of overflow from the retention pond.
Alcoa is currently conducting a Corrective Measures Study to address contaminated groundwater at the
site as required by the facility's RCRA permit. The Division of Waste Management is overseeing the
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 1 of 21

development of this study. At this time Alcoa has not yet identified measures to treat the contaminated
groundwater. Phase III of the study identified cyanide and fluoride as constituents of concern, in addition
trichloroethene (trichloroethylene; TCE) was detected in the groundwater at concentrations in excess of
the water quality standard along the northeast side of the plant site. The water quality standard for
trichloroethene is 2.5 µg/1, concentrations detected in the groundwater range from 19 to 86 µg/l. The area
where the trichloroethene was identified drains through outfalls 011 and 012. To evaluate if the
groundwater discharged from these outfalls is contaminated monitoring and limits for trichloroethene will
be included for outfalls 011 and 012.
RECEIVING STREAMS
Outfalls 002, 011, 012, 013, 020, and 019 discharge to Badin Lake, classified WS-IV, B, CA waters in the
Yadkin -Pee Dee River Basin, RUC 03040103. Badin Lake is listed in the 2012 303(d) list as impared for
fish consumption for PCB. Alcoa completed a PCB remediation project in Badin Lake in January 2013.
The project consisted of the installation of a cap over the contaminated sediment.
The Lake and Reservoirs Assessment for the Yadkin Pee Dee River Basin, March 2012, describes
conditions in Badin Lake. Badin Lake was sampled in 2011 for water quality parameters: DO, temp, pH,
total nitrogen, ammonia, total phosphorus and chlorophyll -a. DO was below the water quality standard in
September and pH was above the water quality standard in June.
Outfalls 004, 005, 017, and 018 discharge to a UT of Little Mountain Creek classified as WS-IV waters in
the Lake Tillery — Pee Dee River watershed, HUC 03040104. Little Mountain Creek is listed as impaired
for poor bioclassification.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 2 of 21

OUTFALLS DESCRIlyrION
Table 1. Outfalls Mscri31 tion
Outfall
ID Outfall Description
002 Prior to 2007
2007 After production
shutdown
Non -contact cooling waters, groundwater, stormwater
and fire protection water.
Stormwater, groundwater, fire protection water, and
non -contact cooling and make-up water.
If the discharge consisted of only stormwater the outfall
was designated as S02.
Receiving
Stream IWC
Badin Lake 100 %
(Yadkin River)
Latitude:
35024' 30"
Longitude:
800 6' 57"
2013 Application
Stormwater only
004
Prior to 2007
Non -contact waters, stormwater, groundwater, fire
_
UT to Little
protection water
Mountain Creek
2007 After production
Fire protection water, groundwater and stormwater
shutdown
runoff.
Latitude:
If the discharge consisted of only stormwater the outfall
35" 24' 13"
was designated as SO4.
Longitude:
800 7' 12"
2013 lication
Prior to 2007
Stormwater only
Non -contact cooling waters, compressor condensate,
UT to Little
005
groundwater, stormwater and fire protection water.
Mountain Creek
100%
Latitude:
After production shutdown Fire protection water, groundwater, stormwater runoff 350 24' 8"
(2007) and non -contact cooling water. If the discharge
consisted of only stormwater the outf al was designated Longitude:
as S05. 800 7' IT'
2013 Application Groundwater,'stormwater and fire protection water
Oil Prior to 2007 Overflow when outfall 012 exceeds diffuser capacity Badin Lake 100 %
(see 012 description) (Yadkin River)
After production
(2007)
2013 Application
012 Prior to 2007
(diffuser)
After production shutdown
(2007)
2013 Application
Latitude:
350 24' 42"
Overflow when outfall 012 exceeds diffuser capacity
(see 012 description). If the discharge consisted of only
Longitude:
stormwater the outfall was designated as S11.
800 6' 55"
012 overflow - Stormwater, groundwater and fire
protection water.
Non -contact cooling waters, compressor condensate,
Badin Lake
4%
steam condensate. Area included the Alcoa landfill.
(Yadkin River)
(chronic)
Latitude:
7%
Fire protection water, groundwater and stormwater
350 24' 42"
(acute)
runoff, non -contact cooling water condensate.
Stromwater from the former SWMU #22 area was
Longitude:
rerouted to this outfall in 2010. If the discharge
800 6' 55"
consisted of only stormwater the outfall was designated
as S 12.
Stormwater, groundwater and fire protection water.
NCOON308 Fact Sheet
Page 3 of 21

013 Prior to 2007
After production shutdown
(2007)
2013 Applic:
Prior to 2007
After production shutdown
(2007)
2013 Application
017 Past and current
019 Past and current
020 Past and current
Stormwater, spring water, and groundwater drainage Badin Lake
from an area that includes a former Alcoa landfill site (Yadkin River)
(SWMUs #1 & 22).
Latitude:
Stormwater, spring water and groundwater In order to
35024' 5T'
eliminate the potential for discharge of contaminants
from the SWMU #22 (Scrap Yard), Alcoa capped the
Lo
;Loud
Longitude:
e:
area and provided diversion structures to isolate the site
7'ngit
from any run-on flows. In 2010 the drainage channels
were lined, a barrier was installed in the roadway and
parking area, seal joints, and the stormwater flow from
the former SWMU #22 was rerouted to outfall 012. In
2011 Alcoa permanently removed and orphan line to
outfall 013 that was suspected of contributing fluoride to
the discharge.
Stormwater, spring water and groundwater
Groundwater seepage from Old Brick Landfill and
Badin Lake
stormwater
(Yadkin River)
In 2 007 a new lining cover was installed over the
Latitude:
landfill, a drainage system was installed over the landfill
350 24' 51"
cover. Stormwater draining from the grass surface and
the cover drainage system are collected in a retention
Longitude:
pond. The overflow from the pond is discharged through
800 6' 19"
outfa11019.
If the discharge consisted of only stormwater the outfall
was designatedasS19.
Pond overflow from the landfill cover drainage system
collection pond. (No contact with the landfill material)
Stormwater runoff
Stormwater runoff
Stormwater runoff
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 4 of 21
1100 %
100%
UT to Little 100%
Mountain Creek
Little Mountain 100%
Creek
Lake 1 100%

PERMIT LIMITS DEVELOPMENT:
Cyanide and fluoride are parameters of concern (POC) due to historical operations at the site. Applicable
freshwater chronic water quality standards are 5 µg/l for cyanide and 1.8 mg/1 for fluoride. The Division
has not adopted acute water quality standards for either of these POC. By federal regulations the Division
has to implement limits to protect for both acute and chronic impacts. Acute limits are determined using
the % Final Acute Value (FAV). In 2000 the Division calculated Y2 FAV for cyanide as 22 µg/1 for trout
waters and 46.6 4g/1 for non -trout waters. The Division proposes to use the non -trout value of 46.6 µg/l
as the acute value for cyanide. At the time the current fluoride water quality standard of 1.8 mg/l was
calculated, the Division also calculated a %z FAV of 7.8 mg/1 for trout waters and 23.9 mg/l for non -trout
waters. The Division proposes to use 24 mg/1 as the acute value for fluoride.
Table 2. Water Quality Criteria
POC % Final Acute Chronic
Values on -Trout Criteria
Cyanide 46.6 pgA 5 pgA
Fluoride 24 mg/l 1.8 m
The existing limit for cyanide of 434 µg/1 daily maximum at outfall 012 was derived using a'/a FAV of 31
µg/l which was the number calculated at that time using the most current data. Since the diffuser was
designed to achieve an initial dilution of 14:1 the dilution factor of 14 was applied to the % FAV to arrive
at the daily maximum limit.
The diffuser at outfall 012 extends 300 feet from shore at a depth of approximately 20 feet with one port
1.5 inch in diameter. The Division ran a CORMIX model in 1994 using these design parameters. The
diffuser provides rapid mixing within a short distance of the outfall. The initial dilution is 14:1 which was
used to determine acute limits. No chronic limits were established in the previous permit. As per 40 CFR
122.35 NPDES permits must have both monthly average limits and daily maximum limits. The Division
proposes to implement both daily max and monthly average limits using initial dilution of 14:1 to
determine acute limits and 26:1 to determine chronic limits.
Table 3. CORMIX Results
Distance from Dilution 1WC
outfall
0.7 ft 14:1 7 %
2.6 ft 26:1 3.8 %
Using the applicable dilution factors and i6 FAVs the proposed limits for outfall 012 are as follows:
Cyanide:
Daily maximum limit. use current limit of 434 µg/l
Monthly average limit = 5 x 26 = 130 µg/l
Fluoride:
Allowable daily maximum limit = 24 x 14 = 336 mg/l
Allowable monthly average limit =1.8 x 26 = 46.8 mg/1
Reasonable potential analysis evaluation for outfall 012 resulted in no reasonable potential to exceed
these limits therefore only monitoring will be required.
For remaining outfalls the proposed limits are based on the water quality standard and the''/z FAV without
the benefit of dilution.
Cyanide:
Daily maximum limit = 46.6 µg/l
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 5 of 21

Monthly average limit = 5 µg/l
Fluoride:
Daily maximum limit = 24 mg/1
Monthly average limit =1.8 mg/1
Total Residual Chlorine:
State water quality standard 17 µg/l
DATA REVIEW AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
DMR data from January 2009 to March 2014 were reviewed. The current permit identifies each outfall with
two outfall numbers depending on the type of discharge: 1) stormwater and groundwater combined with
non -contact water and fire protection water or 2) stormwater. Requirements were different if the discharge
was stormwater or groundwater/non-contactlstormwater. Outfalls denoted with S and the outfall number,
i.e. Outfall SO4, means that the discharge monitored was stormwater related.
Outfall 002 and Outfall 004:
Table 4. Outfall 002 DMR Data Summary
Parameter
Flow
Temperature
pH
TSS
Total Fluoride
TRC
Units
MGD
°C
SU
mg/1
mg/l
µg/1
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
6-9
30/60
Monitor
Monitor
Fr�ec uenc_y
Weekly
2 x month
2 x month
2 x month
Monthlv
Monthly
T'Q —
1.8m/1
17�t/7
Average
0.029668
17.9
7.3
6.7
2.7
62.5
Max
0.252
29.1
8.9
45
9.6
261
Min
0.000014
5.9
6.1
< 5
< 1
< 10
# samples
334
110
119
103
62
51
Table 5. Outfall SO4 DMR Data Summary
Total
Parameter
Flow
TSS
Aluminum
Units
MGD
mg/1
mgll
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Fregaenev
semi-annual
semi-annual
semi-annual
W-OS
Total
Cyanide
µ9/1
Monitor
semi-annual
Total Fluoride
mg/1
Monitor
semi-annual
5 lue 1.8
Average
0.053211
5.6
2.6
6
11.2
Max
0.448
8.5
5.5
10
17
Min
0.0008
< 5
0.68
< 5
6.2
# samples
44
7
10
9
8
Proposed changes Outfalls 002 and 004:
These outfalls no longer discharge groundwater, only stormwater is discharged. To maintain consistency with
NPDES stormwater permitting practices these two outfalls will be moved to the stormwater section with outfalls
017, 018 and 020.
Outfall 005:
Compliance: A Notice of Violation (NOV) was issued for an exceedance of the daily maximum limit for
pH in December 2012. The permit requires chronic toxicity at 90%. Three toxicity failures were reported
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 6 of 21

one in 2012 and two in 2013. 48 out of 51 samples for cyanide were above the water quality standard. 45
out of 50 samples were above the water quality standard for fluoride.
RPA was performed for fluoride and cyanide. Both parameters have reasonable potential to exceed the
water quality standards.
Table 6.Outfall 005 DMR Data Summa
Total
Total
Total
Parameter
Flow
TSS
Temp
pH
TRC
Aluminum
Cyanide
Fluoride
Units
MGD
mg/1
°C
SU
µg/1
mg/l
99/1
mg/l
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
30160
320C
6-9
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Frequenc ,,
Weekl,
- -
2/Month
2/Month
2/Month
Monthlv
Monthl\
Monthl;
Monthly
WQS
17 p&17
5 E&II
1.8 mgll
Average
0.074004
6.1
17.2
7.3
21
0.3
18
3.7
Max
0.774
40
25.5
10.1
87
2.9
140
26
Min
0.0005
< 5
9
6.4
< 10
< 0.2
< 5
1.4
# samples
451
114
138
154
56
67
76
67
Proposed changes:
1. Since this outfall no longer discharges non -contact cooling water, temperature monitoring and Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) limits were removed from the monitoring requirements.
2. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis the permit includes fluoride limits of 1.8 mg/1 monthly
average and 24 mg/1 daily maximum and cyanide limits of 5 µg/l monthly average and 46.6 µgll daily
maximum. The limits will be effective three years from the issuance date of the permit.
Outfall 011:
Compliance: NOVs were issued for one exceedance of the daily maximum pH limit in December 2012
and one exceedance of the daily maximum cyanide limit in February 2010. The permit requires annual
acute toxicity testing. The facility passed all the toxicity tests for this outfall. RPA was performed for
fluoride and cyanide. Both parameters have reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standards.
Table 7. Outfall 011 DMR Data Summa
Parameter
Units
Limit/Monitor
Average
Max
Min
Oil &
Flow
TSS
pH
Grease
MGD
1119/1
SU
mg/l
Monitor
Monitor
6-9
Monitor
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
0.070426
0.278
0.000144
# sam les 29
DM - Daily Maximum
Total
Total
Cyanide
Fluoride
µg/1
mg/1
46.6 (DM)
Monitor
5 ,ug11
1.8 m
47.9
7.2
5
18
2.1
180
9.8
6
170
10
<5
6.2
<5
<5
<1
19
25
18
24
23
Proposed Changes:
1. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis the permit includes fluoride limits of 1.8 mg/1 monthly
average and 24 mg/l daily maximum. The 46.6 µg/1 daily maximum cyanide limits will be maintained
in the permit. A new monthly average limit of 5 µg/l will be implemented for cyanide. The limits
will be effective three years from the effective date of the permit.
2. The draft permit includes quarterly monitoring for trichloroethene.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 7 of 21

Outfall 012•
Compliance: The permit requires chronic toxicity testing P/F at 16%. The facility passed all the tests for
this outfall. RPA was performed for fluoride and cyanide. RPA results indicate the need for a cyanide limit
but not for fluoride.
Table 8. Outfall 012 DMR Data
Oil &
Total
Total
Total
Parameter
Flow
TSS
Grease
pH
TRC
Aluminum
Cyanide
Fluoride
Units
MGD
mg/1
mg/1
SU
µg/1
mg/1
µg/1
mg/1
434 µg/l
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
30/60
30/60
6-9
Monitor
Monitor
(DM)
Monitor
Frequency
Weekl
2/Month
2/Month
2/Month
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Average
0.005624
6.1
Max
0.0563
26
Min
0.000001
< 5
# samples
438
116
DM - Daily Maximum
<5
9.5
< 4.6
114
7.3
8.2
6.4
146
17 u /1
S
1.8.8 m R/1
24
0.5
67
6.5
71
3.1
290
29
<10
<0.2
<5
<1
46
64
114
68
Proposed changes:
1. TSS and Oil and Grease limits in old permit due to cooling water condensate, since no longer present,
monitoring requirements for Oil and Grease were removed, TSS monitoring remains.
2. Limit for cyanide was recalculated based on dilution provided by the diffuser and current %2 FAV. (See
Permit Limit Development Section above.) The Daily Maximum limit for cyanide of 434 µg/l will be
retained from the previous permit. A cyanide monthly average limit of 130 µg/l will be implemented
with a schedule of compliance of 3 years.
3. The draft permit includes quarterly monitoring for trichloroethene.
Outfall 013:
Compliance: The weekly average limit for fluoride was exceeded five times resulting in three enforcement
cases and two NOVs during 2010-2011. In February 2011 Alcoa removed a line tributary to this outfall
suspected to contribute to elevated levels of fluoride. Since January 2011 values for fluoride have
significantly reduced with most values under the detection limit. The current permit requires acute toxicity
24 hr P/F at 90%. The facility passed all the toxicity tests for this outfall. RPA was performed for fluoride
and cyanide. Cyanide has reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standards.
Table 9. Outfall 013 DMR Data Summary
Total Total
Parameter Flow TSS pH Aluminum Cyanide Total Fluoride
Units MGD mg/1 SU mg/l µg/1 mg/1
Limit/Monitor Monitor 30/60 6-9 Monitor Monitor 1.8 mg/l
(WA)
Fr uencv Weekl. 2/Month 2/Month Monthly Monthly, Monthl �
W S _ _ 5 1,g/1 1.8 m II
Average 0.0243 5.3 7.6 0.3 9 1.4
Max 0.753 13 8.5 1 170 7.2
Min 0.000360 < 5 6.2 < 0.2 < 5 0.16
# samples 504_ 120 150 66 119 137
WA - Weekly Average
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 8 of 21

Proposed changes:
1. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis the permit includes cyanide limits of 5 µg/1 monthly
average and 46.6 µg/l daily maximum.
2. Modified WET test from pass/fail limit to acute monitoring quarterly test.
Outfall 019•
Compliance: There was one sampling event reported for each Outfall 019 and 19S. One sample for cyanide
was above the water quality standard, but less than the accepted lab detection level.
Table 10.Outfall 019 DMR Data Summary
Outfall019
Total
Total
Total
Parameter
Flow
TSS
pH
Aluminum
Cyanide
Fluoride
Units
MGD
mg/1
SU
mg/I
µg/1
mg/l
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
6 - 9 SU
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Frequency
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
_
W S
5,ug/1
1.8 m 17
1/22/2010
0.001440
9.0
6.1
3.0
5.9
< 1
# samples
1
1
1
1
1
1
Outfall S19
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Frequency
Semi-
Semi-
Semi-
Semi-
Semi-
Semi-
annually
annually
annually
annually
annuallyannua11
12/25/2009
0.034600
14.0
7.5
3.8
< 5
< 1
# sam les
1
1
1
1
1
1
Proposed changes:
1. Permit this outfall as stormwater overflow from
pond with
semi-annual monitoring.
Stormwater Outfalls 017, 018 and 020:
Outfall 017:
Table 11. Outfall 017 DMR Data Summan_-
Total
Total
Total
Parameter Flow COD TSS
Cyanide
Fluoride
Aluminum
Units MGD mg/I mg/1
µg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Limit/Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Frequency Annual Annual Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
WOS
5 agll
1.8 m /1
Average
0.0247
88
9.6
5.2
< 1
0.6
Max
0.038
210
14
5.8
< 1
0.99
Min
0.008
28
8
< 5
< 1
0.39
# samples
4
4
4
4
4
4
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 9of21

OutfaD 018:
Table 12. Outfall 018 DMR Data Su=aa -v
Parameter
Flow
COD
TSS
Cyanide
Fluoride
Aluminum
Units
MGD
mg/l
mg/l
µg/1
mg/l
mg/l
Limittmonitor
Monitor
Monitor Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
F nenc y
Annual
Annual
Annual Annual
Annual
Annual
was
5 pg17
1.8 m /1
Average
0.0247
88
9.6
5.2
< 1
0.6
Max
0.038
210
14
5.8
< 1
0.99
Min
0.008
28
8
< 5
< 1
0.39
# sams ales
4
4
4
4
4
4
Outfall 020•
Table 13.Outfall 020 DMR Data Summ.. .
Flow
COD
TSS
Total Total
Total
Parameter
Cyanide Fluoride
Aluminum
Units
MGD
mg/l
mg/l
µg/l mg/l
149/1
Limit/Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor Monitor
Monitor
Frequencv
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual Annual
Annual
WAS_
5 #g4 1.8 mg/1
Average
0.058
66
18.5
5.3 < 1
0.88
Max
0.09
110
54
6.5 < 1
2.7
Min
0.018
33
<5
<5 <1
<0.2
# samples
4
4
4
4 4
4
The requirements for stormwater outfalls were modified to be consistent with current stormwater permit
requirements and practices. Outfalls 002 and 004 will be reclassified as stormwater outfalls and grouped
under the same section as 017, 018 and 020.
SUMMARY OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
1. Updated stormwater permit conditions for consistency with current stormwater permitting
practices.
2. Outfalls 002 and 004 were included under the stormwater section.
3. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis monthly average and daily maximum limits for
cyanide and fluoride were added to outfall 005. A schedule of compliance of 3 years was
included for the new limits.
4. The limits for TSS and temperature and TRC monitoring were removed from the monitoring
requirements for outfall 005 since there is no discharge from cooling waters or condensates.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 10 of 21

5. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis monthly average and daily maximum limits for
fluoride and a monthly average limit for cyanide were added to outfall 011. A schedule of
compliance of 3 years was included for the new limits.
6. Oil and grease was removed from the monitoring requirements for outfall 011 since there is no
discharge from cooling or condensate waters.
7. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis monthly average limit for cyanide was added to
outfall 012. A schedule of compliance of 3 years was included for the new limits.
8. TSS and Oil and Grease limits and Total Residual Chlorine monitoring were eliminated from
outfall 012. Monitoring for TSS will remain a requirement for this outfall.
9. Added quarterly monitoring for trichloroethene for outfalls 011 and 012. Trichloroethene was
detected in the groundwater at concentrations greater than the water quality criteria.
10. As a result of a reasonable potential analysis monthly average and daily maximum limits for
cyanide were added to outfall 013. A schedule of compliance of 3 years was included for the new
limits.
11. Limits for TSS were removed from the requirements for outfall 013. Monitoring for TSS will
remain a requirement for this outfall.
12. Special condition C.(5) Reopener Clause was added requiring the permittee to notify the Division
of any changes in wastewater characteristics or operations.
13. Special condition C.(6) was added describing requirements for electronic reporting of DMRs.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 11 of 21

FACT SHEET AMMENDEMENT #1
Following the public noticed from January 27, 2015 the Division received numerous public comments
many of them requesting a public hearing on the draft permit. A public hearing was held on July 1, 2015
at the Stanly County Commissioners Commons Meeting Room in Albemarle. As a result of comments
submitted during the public hearing comment period the Department determined that the permit will, not
be finalized but a second draft will be issued for public notice and another round of public comments.
Chan es to draft permit.
The following modifications to the January draft permit were implemented based on public comments
received during public hearing process and on Division's staff recommendations included in the Hearing
Officer Report, issued on September 30, 2015:
1. Schedule of compliance — the schedule of compliance for outfalls 005, 011, 012 and 013 was
removed from the permit.
2. Instream Monitoring — to determine if pollutants are migrating to Little Mountain Creek instream
monitoring was added to the permit. Parameters to be monitored include pH, total cyanide, total
fluoride, total lead and total arsenic. See Special Condition A. (6).
3. Trichloroethene (TCE) — As per hearing officer recommendations limits for TCE were added for
outfalls 011 and 012. Limits are based on EPA human health criteria published in July 2015. The
federal criteria is 0.6 µg/1. The proposed limit for Outfall 011 is 0.6 µg/l since it discharges to
Badin Lake with no dilution. The proposed limit for outfall 012 is 15.6 µg/l which was calculated
based on the dilution factor of 26.
4. Priority pollutant analysis — to characterize the discharges and evaluate the presence of
contaminants in the groundwater/stormwater discharges a special condition was added to the
permit with requirements to submit a pollutant scan for outfalls 005, 011, 012 and 013 within a
year of permit effective date. See Special condition A. (7).
5. Added stormwater outfa11022 — during the site visit Division staff noticed there are two
stormwater outfalls draining stormwater from the cover of the landfill, one on the west of the
landfill which was previously denoted outfall 018 and one on the east of the landfill which was
not included in the permit. The permit includes an additional outfall identified as outfall 022 for
the east drainage channel. This outfall appears to discharge groundwater in addition to the
stormwater collected from the surface of the landfill. Monitoring requirements are included for
this outfall in condition A. (6).
6. Identifying non-stormwater outfalls -Condition B.(2)1(e) was modified and B.(2)1(f) was added
to include additional investigation and reporting if non-stormwater flow is detected at stormwater
outfalls.
SCHEDULE FOR PERMIT ISSUANCE:
Draft Permit to Public Notice: October 14, 2015
Permit Scheduled to Issue: December 7, 2015
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 12 of 21

FACT SHEET AMENDMENT #2
The Division of Water Resources (DWR) received comments on the revised draft permit public noticed
on October 14, 2015 form the Southern Environmental Law Center (SELC) on behalf of the Concerned
Citizens of West Badin Community and the Yadkin Riverkeeper, EPA Region 4, and Alcoa. No other
comments were submitted for this revised draft. Comments are summarized below followed by DWR's
response and proposed action in the final permit.
A. RESPONSE TO COMMENTS
I. SELC Comments
1. Waste Characterization. Broaden the scope of testing and waste characterization study to determine
extent of contamination from the Alcoa Badin landfill and the rest of the site.
Response: The Division of Waste Management (DWM) is the lead agency involved in the waste
characterization studies and remediation efforts focused on the Alcoa Badin landfill. The DWM has
completed a site investigation under the Superfund Section program focused on the Alcoa Badin landfill
to determine the extent of contamination. As a result of the recent site investigation, the DWM concluded
that the site qualifies for further evaluation as a candidate for EPA Superfund National Priorities List. It is
anticipated that the site will be addressed as a RCRA corrective action under the authority of the
Hazardous Waste Section. The DWR has participated with the DWM in collecting data for the site
investigation and will continue to collaborate and coordinate permitting efforts with the DWM.
The investigation results suggest that potentially contaminated groundwater was detected in the floodplain
adjacent to the landfill. Outfalls 018 and 022 are the two outfalls from the landfill. Outfall 018 was
classified in the permit as stormwater/groundwater outfall but outfall 022 was classified as stormwater
and grouped with the other stormwater outfalls in the permit. To further assess contribution from this
outfall the Division has implemented new monitoring requirements for both outfalls under the wastewater
outfalls section.
Monitoring on Little Mountain Creek was implemented with this permit to monitor water quality in the
stream. In addition, in the recently approved Water Quality Certification for the continued operation of
the hydroelectric dams DWR required monitoring of sediments from the Alcoa Badin Works Plant site to
the Narrows Dam for heavy metals, PCBs and PAHs.
2. Cyanide reporting. By treating the cyanide values with results of less than 10 µg/1 as zero, DWR fails
to protect water quality and human health. The quantitation limit of 10 µg/l allows for the limit to be
exceeded and the monthly average to be skewed if all values are reported as zero.
Response: The footnote for cyanide was modified to require the use of sufficiently sensitive approved
methods for all the analyses. The following footnote will replace the footnote in the drat permit:
"The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136 for the
analvsis of pollufanls. A method is "sq6riciendy sensitive " -when; (I) The method minimum level (ML) is
at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or pollutant
parameter,, or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under 40 CFR part
136 or required under 40 CFR chapter 1, subchapter Nor O for the measuredpollutant orpollutant
parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports the actual laboratory results
for each effluent sample tested "
3. PCB limits. The permit contains no limits for PCB.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 13 of 21

Response: The permit includes a requirement for priority pollutant analysis for all wastewater outfalls
that includes testing for PCBs, if PCBs are found to be present above water quality standards in the
monitored outfalls, DWR would implement limits accordingly. In addition, Alcoa will be monitoring lake
sediments for PCBs under the Water Quality Certification,
4. TCE limits. Limits for TCE at outfall 012 are based on an outdated water quality model, the model
should be updated.
Response: The permit will include a Special Condition to require an update of the mixing zone analysis
for outfall 012. Limits will be adjusted accordingly.
5. Cyanide and Fluoride limits for stormwater outfalls. Outfalls 002, 004, 017, 018, 020, and 022
should have limits for cyanide and fluoride.
Response: The requirements for the stormwater outfalls included in the permit are developed by DEMLR
following stormwater permitting guidance and regulations. Since these outfalls only discharge in response
to storm events, monitoring requirements and other permit conditions are different than outfalls permitted
following NPDES wastewater guidance. Stormwater monitoring requirements follow a tiered response to
address pollutants in the stormwater.
6. Priority Pollutant Scan. Require a priority pollutant scan at every outfall.
Response: Priority pollutant scans will be required for all the wastewater outfalls (005, 011, 012, 013,
018 and 022). At this time DWR is not adding priority pollutant scans to stormwater outfalls. In addition,
the permit includes a priority pollutant scan for one downstream station in Little Mountain Creek.
7. Anti -degradation. The draft permit conflicts with the Anti -degradation policy in Federal and North
Carolina law. Little Mountain Creek and Badin Lake should be protected for all designated uses.
Response: Antidegradation analysis is reserved for new and expanding discharges, while this permit
action is for a renewal. There are more limits imposed in this permit renewal compared to the previous
permit, therefore surface water quality should improve. Badin Lake and Little Mountain Creek are
classified water supply, in implementing limits the Division applies the water quality standards and
criteria for water supply and human health to protect existing uses. There is also no basis for statements
claiming that this permit is likely to increase pollutant loading to the waterbodies.
8. Civils Rights Act/Environmental Equity Initiative. The draft permit does not comply with Title VI
of the Civil Rights Act. If the state takes action such as issuing a permit that disparately impacts people of
color additional remedy is provided through federal law. The permit doesn't adequately set limits or
monitoring for toxic pollutants, it's likely to have adverse and disproportionate impact on the local
community on the basis of race. The public process does not comport with the North Carolina
Environmental Equity Initiative. There should be a demographic data analysis on the fact sheet and
additional public outreach regarding the community's knowledge of waste in the landfill adjacent to the
permitted outfalls.
Response: This facility began aluminum smelting operations in 1917, and the site location was based on
availability of nearby hydropower supplied by dams on the Yadkin River, The NPDES permit is based
on protection of surface water quality standards. The permit limits are designed to protect for human
health and water supply. The proposed new permit limits for cyanide will reduce potential human health
impacts. The removal of the compliance schedule will also expedite compliance with surface water
quality standards. The Division has provided public comment opportunities for proposed actions
pertaining to this site. A public notice of the public hearing was placed in a local newspaper, and a public
hearing was held on this draft permit to obtain input from local citizens. The hearing was well attended by
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 14 of 21

community groups and the nearby community residents. The community was given opportunities to
comment on this permit meeting the provisions of the law. DWM has also held public meetings in the
past to discuss RCRA activities at this site.
H. EPA Region 4 Comments
1. Cyanide. Investigate the use of other methods to analyze cyanide that have detection levels below the
water quality standard.
Response: DWR modified the footnote to require sufficiently sensitive approved method for the analysis
of cyanide and fluoride. The following footnote will replace the footnote in the drat permit:
"The permittee shall use sufficiently sensitive test procedures approved under 40 CFR part 136for the
analysis ofpollutants. A method is "sufficiently sensitive" when: (1) The method minimum level (ML) is
at or below the level of the effluent limit established in the permit for the measured pollutant or pollutant
parameter, or (2) the method has the lowest ML of the analytical methods approved under 40 CFR part
136 or required under 40 CFR chapter 1, subchapter N or O for the measured pollutant or pollutant
parameter. The Permittee shall report on its Discharge Monitoring Reports, the actual laboratory results
for each effluent sample tested. "
2. Continuous outfalls. Clarify if outfalls 005, Oil and 012 are continuous. If they are, according to 40
CFR 122.45(d)(1), outfall 011 and 012 should have both a monthly average and a daily maximum limit
for TCE. In the absence of acute criteria, a factor of 1.5 or 2 is often applied.
Response: Outfalls 005 and 012 are continuous. Outfall 011 is not continuous. The limits and sampling
requirements for outfall 011 were modified to reflect the non -continuous nature of the discharge. Samples
will be grab samples and the limits will be expressed as daily maximums.
Following EPA recommendations, the daily maximum limits for TCE for outfalls 011 and 012 will be
calculated based on a multiplication factor of 1.5.
3. Priority Pollutant Scan Outfall 019. Consider adding a priority pollutant scan at outfall 019.
Response: Outfall 019 discharge consists of stormwater overflow from the pond that collects runoff from
the cover of the closed old brick landfill. DWR retained the outfall in the permit although it is not covered
under stormwater regulations. This outfall doesn't discharge frequently and is not a concern for priority
pollutants. DWR will not add a priority pollutant scan at this time.
4. Priority Pollutant Scan Little Mountain Creek. Consider running a priority pollutant scan at
proposed monitoring locations in Little Mountain Creek.
Response: The Division agrees to require a priority pollutant scan for Little Mountain Creek. The
requirement was added to the instream monitoring requirements for Little Mountain Creek.
5. Reduction in monitoring frequency. Document rationale as to why the monitoring frequencies were
reduced at outfalls 005, 012, 013 and 018.
Response: DWR's policy on sampling for metals and toxicants is to implement monthly monitoring
when the toxicant requires a limit and quarterly when the toxicant does not require a limit. Quarterly
testing for 5 years provides sufficient data to preform reasonable potential at the time of permit renewal.
6. Mixing Zone analysis. Conduct an updated mixing study using background concentrations and up to
date mixing zone model. Collect water samples at the edge of the mixing zone.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 15 of 21

Response: A Special Condition was added to the permit to require a revision of the dilution model. The
instream monitoring requirements were modified to include Lake Badin at the edge of the mixing zone.
7. Reasonable potential analysis. RPA should include background concentrations.
Response: Under current procedures for RPA DWR doesn't use background data. The DWR ambient
monitoring program suspended monitoring for metals/toxicants several years ago to evaluate clean
sampling methods. DWR has minimal amount of data to use as background, a few data points for Little
Mountain Creek show cyanide and fluoride as less than detection in an upstream background location.
DWR has no data for Badin Lake to use in an RPA.
III. Alcoa Comments:
1. WET dilution outfall 012. Dilution for whole effluent toxicity test for Outfal1012 should match
dilution used to calculate the chronic limits (16% vs 3.8%).
Response: Until the dilution model is revised DWR agrees to use the chronic dilution of 26:1 (3.8 %
IWC). The WET test will be modified to'reflect an IWC of 3.8 %.
2. Cyanide limit outfall 012. Cyanide daily maximum limit for outfall 012 was not calculated using the
dilution from the diffuser but was retained from previous permit. The previous limit was established using
trout water criteria, should be non -trout water criteria.
Response: The limit of 434 µg/1 in the current permit was calculated in 1989 using the calculated %2 FAV
of 31 µg/l. The Division subsequently revised the acute criteria for cyanide and established a % FAV for
non -trout waters of 46.6 µg/l. DWR agrees to modify the acute daily limit using the dilution factor of
14:1 and the non -trout criteria of 46.6 µg/1 as it was also used for other outfalls. The applicable daily
maximum limit is 652 µg/l.
3. Schedule of Compliance. Reinstate schedule of compliance for cyanide and fluoride limits.
Response: Based on public concerns, the Department withdrew the compliance schedule for outfalls 005,
011, 012, and'013. Alcoa can employ other mechanisms for attaining compliance with new limits such as
a special order by consent (SOC). This is a more appropriate mechanisms than addressing the non
compliance with a schedule of compliance in the permit as the SOC is designed to address compliance
issues and track schedules and fines. Alcoa was aware that water quality standards were exceeded at most
outfalls for several years and has indicated that studies had been started some time ago to identify the
sources and develop an action plan. These efforts can be included in the special order.
4. Nstream monitoring. Reduce number of monitoring stations on Little Mountain Creek from five to
two.
Response: The instream monitoring locations were modified to coincide with stations monitored under
the CERCLA study. The three stream channels in the area below the landfill were added as monitoring
locations. Little Mountain Creek stations were reduced to three, one upstream of the landfill, one
downstream of the landfill but before the confluence with the tributary and one downstream below the
confluence with the tributary.
5. TCE. Delete TCE limits from outfalls 011 and 012, there is no data to show RP. Change permit
parameter to trichloroethylene. Use NC criteria vs federal criteria.
Response: DWR does not agree to remove the limits for TCE. The data indicated concentrations as high
as 86 µg/1 in groundwater. The Division agrees to modify the limit using the state water quality standard
of 2.5 µg/1 and to use the alternative name of trichloroethylene.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 16 of 21

6. Cyanide limit. Change total cyanide limits to free cyanide.
Response: North Carolina adopted a freshwater cyanide water quality standard of 5 µg/1 for protection of
aquatic life. The North Carolina water quality standard to protect for aquatic life is expressed as total
cyanide. EPA recently published updated human health criteria for cyanide for consumption of water and
for consumption of organisms. Human health criteria applicable for water supply waters is 4 µg/1.
Although the reference doses EPA used were for free cyanide, the criteria is expressed as total cyanide.
Since the NC water quality standard is expressed as total cyanide and the new EPA human health criteria
is also expressed as total cyanide, the limit in the permit is expressed as total cyanide.
7. WET test at outfall 011. Change whole effluent toxicity test for outfall 011 from quarterly to annual.
Response: DWR does not agree to change the test from quarterly to annual. The quarterly chronic test
for outfall 011 was implemented to be consistent with outfalls 005 and 013 since they are all classified as
discharges of groundwater and stormwater.
8.Outfall 001 Limits. Change limits and sample type for outfall 011 from chronic to acute since this
outfall is not continuous.
Response: DWR agrees to change the monitoring requirements for this outfall as it is not continuous.
Sampling type was modified to grab for all parameters. Limits were modified to acute limits as daily
maximumS.
9. Outfall 019. Delete outfall 019, the discharge is not related to industrial activities.
Response: The Division does not agree to delete outfall 01 9.There is limited discharge data for this
outfall. In addition, EPA suggested more monitoring. Although the monitoring suggested by EPA is not
been implemented now, once more data is collected during this permit cycle the Division will reconsider
removing the outfall.
10. Representative outfalls. Representative outfall for outfalls 018 and 022
Response: DEMLR does not agree to grant representative outfall status to outfalls 018 and 022 at this
time. As a result of the CERCLA site investigation Outfalls 018 and 022 will be reclassified to
groundwater/stormwater and new monitoring requirements applied
11. WET test frequency reduction. Reduce toxicity test frequency if performance criteria is
demonstrated.
Response: DWR dots not agree to the reduction in monitoring for toxicity testing_ Quarterly sampling is
the minimum. required frequency for the EPA approved test procedures.
12. Compliance schedule stormwater outfalls. Include a compliance schedule for stormwater outfalls
Response: DEMLR does not agree to a schedule of compliance. The Tiered approach in the stormwater
section is comparable to a built-in compliance schedule for stonnwater pollutants.
B. ADDITIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO PERMIT
DWM Investigation
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 17 of 21

The Division of Waste Management finalized the report for the Special Investigation (SI) of the Alcoa
Badin Landfill on June 14, 2016. The main focus of the investigation was to evaluate possible migration
of contaminants from the landfill seepage collection system to groundwater, adjacent wetlands, and/or
surface water.
Monitoring results revealed the presence of cyanide and fluoride in the stream channels on the floodplain
adjacent to the landfill seep collection systems. Fluoride was detected in Little Mountain. Creek samples at
levels below the water quality standards. Cyanide and fluoride were detected in the wetland and in one of
the drainage channels suggesting that groundwater could be migrating from the landfill into the wetland
area. The eastern channel where groundwater was observed is below outfall 022. Given the results of the
SI the Division will require additional monitoring for Outfalls 018 and 022 and applying effluent
monitoring requirements similar to the other non-stormwater outfalls. In addition, instream monitoring
requirements were added for the three stream channels below the landfill.
Proposed monitoring for Outfalls 018 and 022:
Parameter --i-Monthl
Monitoring uirement
Flow
M to '
Total Suspended
Solids
Quarterly Monitoring
Total Cvanide
Quarterly Monitoring
Total Fluoride
Quarterly Monitoring
H
MonthlX Monitorin
Quarterly Monitoring
Acute "o ci:V
H. Little Mountain Creek Monitoring
Alcoa recently completed the installation of a slurry wall and new leachate collection system at the base
of the landfill. This project is expected to reduce or eliminate the infiltration of groundwater towards the
wetlands area. In order to evaluate the effect of the project the instream sampling in Little Mountain
Creek will be implemented as a monitoring study under a special condition in the permit. Special
condition A. (8) was modified to include the requirements for the study. After one year of data is
collected the data will be revised and evaluated to determine further actions and modifications to the
sampling plan.
III. Revised RPA
1.Outfall 005 — The RPA was revised to include TRC data. The RPA shows that a limit is necessary for
outfall 005. There is no dilution for this outfall therefore the daily maximum limit of 17 µg/l applies.
2.Outfall 012 — The RPA was revised to include TRC. The data shows no reasonable potential to exceed
the TRC standard. The dilution provided by the diffuser ensures that the water quality standard is not
exceeded.
C. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED PERMIT MODIFICATIONS
Comments from SELC
1 Broaden scope of
testing/waste
characterization _
2 Cyanide reporting value of
10 µg/l allows for limit
exceedances and monthly
Permit Section Permit Action/Response
Part I No modifications are proposed.
A.1, A.2, A.3, Modified footnotes for outfalls 005, 011, 012 and 013 to
AA require the use of the most sensitive method
NCo004308 Fact Sheet
Page 18 of 21

average calculation is
skewed.
' 3 Add limits for PCB for all A.1, A.2, A.3, No modifications are proposed. PCB data will be collected
outfalls A.4, A.5 through the PPA.
4 1 Update Cormix model J C. (7) (new)
5 Add limits for cyanide and B.1
fluoride for stormwater
outfalls
6 I Add PPA sampling for all I A.1, A.2, A.3,
outfalls j A.4. A.5
7 Anti -degradation I NIA
8 Civil Rights Act/NC
Equity Initiative
Comments from EPA
1 Investigate cyanide
detection limit
2 Clarify if outfalls 005,
011, 012 are continuous or
episodic
3 I Add PPA to outfa11019
4 Consider a PPA for
instream locations in LMC
5 Document rationale R
monitoring frequency
reduction
6 Update mixing
study/collect samples in
Lake
Include background
concentrations in RPA
N/A
Added Special Condition C. (7). This conditions includes
requirements to revise the model within two years of permit
effective date. _
No modifications are proposed. The stormwater section of the
permit follows stormwater permitting guidance.
No modifications are proposed. The permit will maintain PPA
requirements for Outfalls 005, 011, 012, 013, 018 and 022,
PPA will not be added for stormwater outfalls.
No modifications are proposed. Antidegradation analysis is
reserved for new and expanding discharges. The permit has
more strin *ent limits than thepreviot!�it.
No modifications are proposed This facility has been located
in Badin since it began operations in 1917. Public notice was
published in area newspapers and a hearing was held on the
draft permit to collect public comments. Other public meetings
were held in the past to discuss activities at the site.
Permit Section I Permit Action/Res pone
A.1, A.2, A.3, Modified footnotes for outfalls 005, 011, 012 and 013 to
AA require the use of sufficiently sensitive methods.
A.1, A.2, A.3 Outfall 005 is continuous, no changes are necessary.
Outfall 011 is not continuous, limits will be modified to daily
maximums and sample type to grab. Added TCE daily limit of
3.7 µg/l.
Outfall 012 is continuous, Added TCE daily limit of 97.5 µg/l.
TCE daily maximum limits were calculated based on a
multiplication factor of 1.5 as recommended b EPA.
A.7 No modifications are proposed. Only outfalls that discharge
groundwater and stormwater will be required to perform PPA.
A.6 PPA was added for the downstream location for Little
Mountain Creek.
A.1, A.2, A.3, Monitoring frequency were reduced according to DWR policy
AA on metals sampling frequency. When a limit is required in the
permit as a result of RPA the parameter is monitored monthly.
When no limit is required quarterly monitoring is
C.(7) (new) Added Special Condition C. (7). This conditions includes
requirements to revise the model within two years of permit
effective date. Added instream monitoring requirements for
Lake Badin at the edge of the mixing zone.
RPA No modifications are proposed. Current RPA procedures
doesn't use background data, DWR does not have current
instream data for metals.
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 19 of 21

Comments
from Alcoa_
Modify outfa11012
Permit Section
C.3
Permit Action/Resl�onse
DWR agrees to modify the toxicity test concentration to 3.8%
1
dilution for toxicity test
to be consistent with the procedure used to calculate the limits
from 16 to 3.8%
Recalculate cyanide limit
A.3
for this outfall.
DWR agrees to modify the cyanide limit using a chronic
2
for outfall 012 using non
dilution of 26:1 and the non -trout cyanide criterion of 46.6
trout criteria and chronic
µg/l. The previous permit limit was calculated with an
dilution
outdated cyanide criterion. The daily maximum cyanide limit
Reinstate schedule of
A.1, A.2, A.3,
was modified to 652 pg2 1.
No modifications are proposed. Due to public concerns the
3
compliance
Reduce number of
A.4
A.8
Department withdrew the schedule of compliance.
The number of stations were not reduced but were modified,
4
monitoring stations in
new monitoring station were implemented in the channels
Little Mountain Creek
below the landfill.
5 Delete TCE limitsIA.
A.2, A.3
No modifications are proposed. The limits will remain in the
Perroit.
6 Change total cyanide.1,
A.2, A.3,
No modifications are proposed. The cyanide water quality
imits to free cyanide4
standard is expressed as total cyanide, therefore the permit has
to be expressed as total cyanide as well.
j7ReduccOutfall 011 testing
C.2
No modifications are proposed. Quarterly monitoring is the
equency for toxicity test
minimum approved monitoring frequency.
om quarterly to annual
8 Change outfall 011 chronic
A.2
As this is not a continuous discharge DWR agrees to
limits to acute
im ement acute limits as daily maximum limits.
9 Cte
ge outfall 011 sample
A.2
DWR modified the sampling type from composite to grab.
o grab
10 Delete outfall 019
A.5
No modifications are proposed at this time.
1 I Representative outfall
B.1
j No modifications are proposed at this time.
designation for outfalls
018 and 022
_
12 Reduce tox testing
A.1, A.2, A.3,
No modifications are proposed. Minimum sampling frequency
frequency based on
rformance
A.4
is quarterly.
_
13 Add compliance schedule
B.1
No modifications are proposed. The stormwater requirements
for stormwater
are designed to provide time for the facility to investigate and
develop management actions if pollutants are found to be
present in the stormwater outfalls.
_Additional Modifications
Permit Section
Rationale
1 Modify outfalls 018 and
A. 5, A.7
A Special Investigation by the DWM noted that groundwater
022 effluent monitoring
was entering the ditches that discharge from the landfill area.
requirements
i Special Study Little
A. 8
Instream sampling study to evaluate effect of slurry wall at
Mountain Creek
bottom of landfill.
3 Added TRC limit to outfall
A. 1
Reasonable potential to exceed the water quality standard.
005
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 20 of 21

NPDES DIVISION CONTACT
If you have questions regarding any of the above information or on the attached permit, please contact
Teresa Rodriguez at 919-807-6387.
1-1-10* _
NAME: DATE: 5/2/2017
NC0004308 Fact Sheet
Page 21 of 21

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REASONABLE POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
10
Cyanide
Date
Data
BDL=112DL
Results
1
1/6/2012
27.
27
Std Dev.
2
2/2/2012
22.
22
Mean
3
3/13/2012
21.
21
C.V.
4
4/10/2012
6.4
5
n
5
5/8/2012
9.
5
6
6/7/2012
14.
14
Mult Factor =
7
7/4/2012
7.8
5
Max. Value
8
9/6/2012
14.
14
Max. Pred Cw
9
10/2/2012
<
5.
5
10
1/8/2009
2.4
5
11
11/1312012
5.7
5
12
12/7/2012
11
11
13
2/7/2013
14
14
14
3/7/2013
33
33
15
4/2/2013
27
27
16
5/9/2013
23
23
17
6/4/2013
20
20
18
7/3/2013
27
27
19
7/23/2013
54
54
20
8/7/2013
49
49
21
8/6/2013
<
5
5
22
8/21 /2013
<
5
5
23
9/11/2013
17
17
24
9/11/2013
46
46
25
9/24/2013
<
5
5
26
10/8/2013
14
14
27
10/8/2013
14
14
28
10/29/2013
17
17
29
11/14/2013
8
5
30
11/14/2013
<
5
5
31
11 /26/2013
<
5
5
32
12/4/2013
9.7
5
33
1/7/2014
25
25
34
2/4/2014
27
27
35
3/6/2014
41
41
36
4/8/2014
35
35
37
5/6/2014
14
14
38
5/20/2014
15
15
39
6/4/2014
21
21
40
7/2/2014
9.1
5
41
8/20/2014
<
0.1
5
42
9/4/2014
12
12
43
10/9/2014
17
17
44
11 /4/2014
16
16
45
11/26/2014
<
5
5
46
47
48
49
UW'PASTE SP ECl
Valµps" then -COF
. Maximum data
points - 511
17.04
0.7598
45
1.09
54.0 ug/L
58.9 ug/L
11
Fluoride
Date
Data
BDL=1/2DL
Results
1
1/6/2012
2.3
2.3
Std Dev.
2
2/2/2012
2.8
2.8
Mean
3
3/13/2012
2.3
2.3
C.V.
4
4/10/2012
2.2
2.2
n
5
5/8/2012
2.4
2.4
6
6/7/2012
4.7
4.7
Mult Factor =
7
7/4/2012
26.
26
Max. Value
8
9/6/2012
15.
15
Max. Pred Cw
9
10/2/2012
5.6
5.6
10
11/13/2012
6.5
6.5
11
12/7/2012
7.1
7.1
12
2/7/2013
2.9
2.9
13
3/7/2013
2.8
2.8
14
4/2/2013
3
3
15
5/9/2013
3
3
16
6/4/2013
4.5
4.5
17
7/3/2013
3.9
3.9
18
7/23/2013
3.4
3.4
19
8/7/2013
3.7
3.7
20
9/11/2013
3.4
3.4
21
10/8/2013
4
4
22
11/14/2013
5.3
5.3
23
12/4/2013
3.8
3.8
24
1/7/2014
3.1
3.1
25
2/4/2014
3.4
3.4
26
3/6/2014
2.8
2.8
27
4/8/2014
3.1
3.1
28
5/8/2014
3.1
3.1
29
6/4/2014
2.8
2.8
30
7/2/2014
3.1
3.1
31
8/6/2014
3.2
3.2
32
8/20/2014
2.7
2.7
33
9/4/2014
4.1
4.1
34
9/17/2014
3.8
3.8
35
10/9/2014
2.7
2.7
36
11 /4/2014
3.6
3.6
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Use 'PASTE PECt
Values" than 'COP
. mavtm um data
:]Gluts = 58
4.5028
0.9541
36
1.21
26.0 mg/l
31.5 mg/l
I�
005, data
6/28/2019

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10
11
Um "PASTE SPECIAL
Cyanide
w.Wucs" theft "COPY'
mmim Cato
polntc = 58
Date
Data
BDL=1/2DL
Results
Date
1
88.
88
Std Dev.
t ." .
1
2
130.
130
Mean
58.78
2
3
110.
110
C.V.
0.9104
3
4
79.
79
n
51
4
5
120.
120
5
6
80.
80
Mult Factor =
1.05
6
7
36.
36
Max. Value
280.0 ug/L
7
8
30.
30
Max. Pred Cw
294.0 ug/L
8
9
150.
150
9
10
68.
68
10
11
31.
31
11
12
37.
37
12
13
38.
38
13 1/4/2013
14
45.
45
14
15
15.
15
15
16
21.
21
16
17 1/4/2013
41.
41
17
18
17.
17
18
19
12.
12
19
20
< 5.
5
20
21
14
14
21
22
5
5
22
23
41
41
23
24
30
30
24
25
89
89
25
26
45
45
26
27
41
41
27
28
52
52
28
29
37
37
29
30
72
72
30
31
68
68
31
32
54
54
32
33
51
51
33
34
48
48
34
35
41
41
35
36
36
36
36
37
44
44
37
38
37
37
38
39
40
40
39 11/4/2014
40
< 5
5
40
41
10
10
41
42
250
250
42
43
5.9
5
43
44
280
280
44
45
120
120
45
46
52
52
46
47
49
49
47
48
58
58
48
49
59
59
49
50
51
51
50
51 3/19/2014
61
61
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58
Fluoride
Data
BDL=1/2DL
Results
3.7
3.7
Std Dev.
7.9
7.9
Mean
2.7
2.7
C.V.
11.
11
n
22.
22
6.
6
Mult Factor =
14.
14
Max. Value
11.
11
Max. Pred Cw
9.7
9.7
7.
7
16.
16
29
29
7.6
7.6
11
11
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
7
7
5.4
5.4
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
2.3
2.3
5.5
5.5
16
16
25
25
6.1
6.1
3.3
3.3
7.3
7.3
2.4
2.4
5.2
5.2
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.9
3.4
3.4
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.7
15
15
11
11
36
36
37
37
22
22
V1sa 'PASTE SKC4
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points = i$
9.0309
10.2974
0.8770
39
1.16
37.0 mg)
42.9 mg)
012, data
1 6/28/2019

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REASONABLE POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
10
Cyanide
Date
Data
BDL=1/2DL
Results
1
1/10/2012
<
5.
5
Std Dev.
2
1/25/2012
<
5.
5
Mean
3
2/2/2012
<
5.
5
C.V.
4
2/21/2012
<
5.
5
n
5
3/8/2012
<
5.
5
6
3/27/2012
<
5.
5
Mult Factor =
7
4/10/2012
<
5.
5
Max. Value
8
4/27/2012
<
5.
5
Max. Pred Cw
9
5/8/2012
7.
5
10
5/24/2012
8.7
5
11
6/7/2012
6.4
5
12
6/28/2012
<
5.
5
13
7/4/2012
<
5.
5
14
7/18/2012
5.6
5
15
8/8/2012
<
5.
5
16
8/21 /2012
<
5.
5
17
9/6/2012
<
5.
5
18
9/19/2012
<
5.
5
19
10/2/2012
<
5.
5
20
10/19/2012
<
5
5
21
11/28/2012
<
5
5
22
12/7/2012
9.1
5
23
12/20/2012
<
5
5
24
1/4/2013
<
5
5
25
1 /29/2013
<
5
5
26
2/7/2013
<
5
5
27
2/20/2013
<
5
5
28
3/6/2013
<
5
5
29
3/26/2013
<
5
5
30
4/2/2013
<
5
5
31
4/17/2013
<
5
5
32
5/9/2013
<
5
5
33
5/21 /2013
<
5
5
34
6/4/2013
<
5
5
35
6/18/2013
<
5
5
36
7/3/2013
<
5
5
37
7/16/2013
<
5
5
38
7/23/2013
<
5
5
39
8/6/2013
<
5
5
40
8/21 /2013
46
46
41
9/11/2013
<
5
5
42
9/24/2013
14
14
43
10/8/2013
17
17
44
10/29/2013
<
5
5
45
11/14/2013
<
5
5
46
11 /26/2013
<
5
5
47
12/3/2013
<
5
5
48
12/17/2013
<
5
5
49
1/10/2014
<
5
5
50
1/22/2014
<
5
5
51
2/3/2014
<
5
5
52
2/18/2014
<
5
5
53
3/6/2014
<
5
5
54
3/19/2014
<
5
5
55
<
5
5
56
<
5
5
57
<
5
5
58
10/9/2014
20
20
We 'PASTE SPECIAL 11
Values' then ^COPY'
. IA"Imum data
oWnls = 58
6.33
0.9428
58
1.00
46.0 ug/L
46.0 ug/L
Fluoride
Date
Data
BDL=112DL
Results
1
1/10/2012
<
1.
0.5
Std Dev.
2
1/25/2012
<
1.
0.5
Mean
3
2/2/2012
<
1.
0.5
C.V.
4
2/21/2012
<
1.
0.5
n
5
3/8/2012
<
1.
0.5
6
3/27/2012
<
1.
0.5
Mult Factor =
7
4/10/2012
<
1.
0.5
Max. Value
8
4/27/2012
<
1.
0.5
Max. Pred Cw
9
5/8/2012
<
1.
0.5
10
5/24/2012
<
1.
0.5
11
6/7/2012
<
1.
0.5
12
6/28/2012
<
1.
0.5
13
7/4/2012
<
1.
0.5
14
7/18/2012
<
1.
0.5
15
8/8/2012
<
1.
0.5
16
8/21/2012
<
1.
0.5
17
9/6/2012
<
1.
0.5
18
9/19/2012
<
1.
0.5
19
10/2/2012
<
1.
0.5
20
10/19/2012
<
1
0.5
21
11/13/2012
<
1
0.5
22
11 /28/2012
<
1
0.5
23
12l7/2012
<
1
0.5
24
12/20/2012
<
1
0.5
25
1 /4/2013
<
1
0.5
26
1/29/2013
<
1
0.5
27
2/7/2013
<
1
0.5
28
2/20/2013
<
1
0.5
29
3/6/2013
<
1
0.5
30
3/26/2013
<
1
0.5
31
4/2/2013
<
1
0.5
32
4/17/2013
<
1
0.5
33
5/9/2013
<
1
0.5
34
5/21 /2013
<
1
0.5
35
6/4/2013
0.43
0.43
36
6/18/2013
0.38
0.38
37
7/3/2013
0.44
0.44
38
7/16/2013
0.36
0.36
39
7/23/2013
0.35
0.35
40
8/6/2013
0.24
0.24
41
8/21/2013
0.29
0.29
42
9/11/2013
0.24
0.24
43
9/24/2013
0.23
0.23
44
10/8/2013
0.2
0.2
45
10/29/2013
0.24
0.24
46
11/14/2013
0.16
0.16
47
11/26/2013
0.6
0.6
48
12/4/2013
0.19
0.19
49
12/17/2013
0.24
0.24
50
1/10/2014
0.28
0.28
51
1 /22/2014
0.22
0.22
52
2/3/2014
0.23
0.23
53
2/18/2014
0.31
0.31
54
3/6/2014
0.27
0.27
55
3/19/2014
0.36
0.36
56
0.21
0.21
57
0.19
0.19
58
11/18/2014
0.28
0.28
Use 'PASTE SPEC1
Values' then'COF
Maximum data
points = So
0.4128
0.2975
58
1.00
0.6 mg/l
0.6 mg/l
013, data
6/28/2019

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AT
W
NCDEENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Pat McCrory Donald R. van der Vaart
Governor Secretary
MEMORANDUM
To: S. Jay Zimmerman
From: Teresa Rodriguez
Through: Tom Belnick/ Jon Risgard/ Jeff Poupart
Date: March 17, 2015
Subject: Request for Public Hearing - NC0004308 - Alcoa Badin Works
The draft permit for the Alcoa Badin Works was public noticed on January 30, 2015. During the
30 day comment period we received a letter from Duke Environmental Law & Policy Clinic on
behalf of the Yadkin Riverkeeper requesting a public hearing. The main concerns expressed by
the group are as follows:
• The inclusion of a three year schedule of compliance for cyanide and fluoride limits
resulting in no enforcement for violations during the three years;
• the permit did not include limits for TCE, only monitoring;
• the draft permit does not meet antibacksliding provisions since it relaxed some
requirements from the previous permit;
• the effect of the discharge from outfall 005 into Little Mountain Creek which is impaired
for poor bioclassification.
After the 30 day comment period ended we received 23 emails requesting a public hearing.
This is a permit renewal for Alcoa's closed aluminum smelting plant in Badin. The draft permit
includes 10 outfalls. Four outfalls are considered wastewater outfalls due to the discharge of
contaminated stormwater and groundwater. The six remaining outfalls discharge stormwater.
Cyanide and fluoride limits were added to outfalls that presented reasonable potential to
exceed the water quality standards. A schedule of compliance of three years was included for
new limits. In addition the permit was updated to include current stormwater conditions and
removing the conditions pertaining to effluent guidelines based on production.
Please advise on the request for a public hearing.
1601 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1601
Phone: [phone] Internet: www.ncdenr.gov
An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Action Employer — Made in part by recycled paper

HEARING OFFICER REPORT
for
Renewal of NPDES Permit NCO004309
Alcoa- Badin Works
This report is presented to the Director of the North Carolina Division of Water Resources
INTRODUCTION
Based on public comment requesting a public hearing on the Draft NPDES Permit renewal for
Alcoa Badin Works in Stanly County, a subsequent public notice announcing a public
hearing/public comment was published on May 13, 2015 in the Stanly News and Press and on
May 23, 2015 in the Charlotte Observer.
A public hearing was held on July 1, 2015, at the Stanly County Commissioner's Commons
Meeting room in Albemarle, NC. Oral and written comments became part of the public record,
which was closed at the end of the hearing. W. Corey Basinger with the Division of Water
Resources' Winston-Salem Regional Office served as the Hearing Officer.
This Hearing Officer Report summarizes the major issues raised through the public hearing
process, as well as the Hearing Officer recommendations for the NPDES permit renewal. The
Director of the Division of Water Resources will take final action on these recommendations,
and a revised permit will then be re -noticed for public comment.
FACILITY BACKGROUND
Alcoa Badin Works is a closed aluminum smelting plant that was in operation between 1917 and
2007. The plant completed the shutdown in 2010 and operation and supporting equipment were
dismantled and removed from the site. Groundwater and stormwater are still discharged through
10 permitted outfalls to Badin Lake (classified WS-IV, B CA waters) and an unnamed tributary
to Little Mountain Creek (classified WS-IV waters) in the Yadkin River Basin. Little Mountain
Creek is listed on the 303(d) list of impaired waters for benthos and Badin Lake is impaired for
PCB. The following table shows the outfalls 1D# along with a description of wastewater sources
and receiving stream name.
Table 1.Outfalis Description
Outfall ID I Wastewater Sources Receiving Stream
002 Stormwater Badin Lake (Yadkin River)
004 Stormwater Unnamed Tributary (UT) to
Little Mountain Creek
005 Stormwater, groundwater and fire protection water UT to Little Mountain Creek
Outfall 012 overflow - Stormwater, groundwater and
O11 fire protection wafer. � Badin Lake (Yadkin River)

Outfall liD
Wastewater Sources
Receiving Stream
012
diffuser
Stormwater, groundwater and fire protection water.
Badin Lake (Yadkin River)
013
Stormwater, spring water, and groundwater drainage
from an area that includes a former Alcoa landfill site
SWMUs #I & 22 .
Badin Lake (Yadkin River)
017
Stormwater
UT to Little Mountain Creek
Little Mountain Creek
018
Stormwater T
019
Pond overflow from the landfill cover drainage system
collection pond. No contact with the landfill material
Badin Lake (Yadkin River)
020
Stormwater
Badin Lake (Yadkin River)
The site includes two closed landfills, the Alcoa-Badin Landfill (Solid Waste Management Unit
(SWMU) #2), and the old Brick Landfill (SWMU #3). The Division of Waste Management
(DWM) is involved in ongoing Corrective Measures Studies and CERCLA investigations to
address groundwater contamination. The main area of concern is the Alcoa Badin Landfill area,
just to the south of the plant site. Seepage from the landfill is collected in a seepage collection
system and pumped to the Badin WWTP. An investigation is ongoing to determine if seeps and
groundwater are migrating to Little Mountain Creek.
PUBLIC RECORD
The Division held a public hearing in Albemarle, NC on July 1, 2015. Approximately 81 people
attended the public hearing, of which 14 attendees provided oral comments. Attendees and
speakers included representatives from environmental interest groups and concerned citizens.
The Division also received 84 written comments.
Listed below is a summary of issues raised, Division staff response to those comments, and staff
recommendations on permit language based on the comment.
1) Compliance Schedule. The 3-year compliance schedule to comply with new cyanide and
fluoride limits is too long.
Response: Based on public concern, the Department has decided to withdraw the
compliance schedule for Outfalls 005, 011, 012, and 013.
2) Alcoa Badin Landfill (SWMU No. 2). More contaminant characterization is needed
around the Alcoa Badin Landfill
Response: The. Division of Waste Management (DWM) is the lead agency involved in
ongoing waste characterization studies and remediation efforts focused on the Alcoa
Badin landfill. Prior RCRA interim corrective actions have included installation of a
landfill cover system. The DWM is currently evaluating leachate, emergent groundwater,
surface water and sediment between the Alcoa Badin Landfill and Little Mountain Creek;
the data will be used to determine if there has been a release of hazardous constituents
2

attributable to the landfill at the interface between the landfill. and surface water pathway,
in order to evaluate the site's future disposition under CERCLA. The Division of Water
Resources (DWR) has complimentary studies to evaluate potential impacts to surface
waters. Based on public concern, DWR staff recommends that monthly instream
monitoring for pollutants of concern be added for various locations along Little
Mountain Creek to enable determination of whether surface water quality
standards are being violated.
3) TCE Limit. The permit should include effluent limits for trichloroethene (TCE) at
Outfalls 011 and 012:
Response: TCE was detected in groundwater at concentrations ranging from 19 to 86
ug/l, in areas draining towards Outfalls 011 and 012. TCE quarterly monitoring was
included in the draft permit. Based on public concern, DWR staff recommends that
the TCE monitoring -only requirement be changed to a permit limit with monthly
monitoring at Outfalls 011 and 012.
4) Wastewater Characterization. The permit should include analysis for other potential
contaminants such as arsenic, lead, PCBs, and PAHs.
Reseonse: Based on public concern, DWR staff recommends that a fall effluent
priority pollutant analysis be added to each wastewater outfall (005, 011, 012, 013)
with results submitted to the Division during the first year of the permit term.
5) Environmental Justice. The permit is likely to have an adverse and disproportionate
impact on the local community on the basis of race.
Response: This facility began aluminum smelting operations in 1917, and the site
location was based on availability of nearby hydropower supplied by dams on the Yadkin
River. The NPDES permit is based on protection of surface water quality standards. The
permit limits are designed to protect for human health and the environment. The
proposed new permit limits for cyanide will reduce potential human health impacts. The
removal of the compliance schedule will also expedite compliance with surface water
quality standards. A public notice of the public hearing was placed in a local newspaper,
and a public hearing was held on this draft permit to obtain input from local citizens. The
Division of Waste Management has also held public meetings in the past to discuss
RCRA activities at this site. DWR staff does not recommend changes to the permit
result from this comment.
6) Don't treat site as a Stormwater Permit. This permit should be treated as a
groundwater remediation discharge permit and not a stormwater permit. Some of the
Stormwater-Only outfalls are commingled with massively polluted groundwater, and
should be permitted as such.
Response: Based on the contaminated groundwater, this permit is indeed a wastewater
permit issued by DWR, and not a stormwater permit issued by DEMLR. The outfalls
with identified contaminated groundwater include effluent limitations, based on
protection of human health and aquatic life. There are also a few stormwater-only
outfalls that do not contain effluent limitations, but are based upon stormwater
3

benchmark values and best management practices. In both the 2008 permit as well as this
2015 draft permit, there is a requirement for the Permittee to evaluate the stormwater-
only outfalls for the presence of non-stormwater discharges, and re -certify annually that
the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated. Based on public concern, Division staff
recommends that the stormwater language in B(2)1(e) be updated to require
additional investigation and sampling if non-stormwater flow is detected in
stormwater outfalls.
7) Permit Not Protective and Less Stringent. The proposed permit is not sufficient to
protect water quality; and is less stringent than the previous 2008 permit.
Response: Division staff does not concur. The proposed permit is more stringent than
the previous 2008 permit. New cyanide limits have been added to Outfalls 005, 011, 012,
and 013. New fluoride limits have been added to Outfalls 005 and 011. These limits are
based on surface water quality standards for protection of human health and environment.
DWR staff does not recommend changes to the permit result from this comment.
8) Antidegradation. The draft permit conflicts with the antidegradation policy.
Response: Division staff does not concur. Antidegradation analysis is reserved for new
and expanding discharges, while this permit action is for a renewal. There are more
limits imposed in this permit renewal compared to the previous permit, so surface water
quality should improve. There is also no basis for statements claiming that this permit is
likely to increase pollutant loading to the waterbodies. DWR staff does not recommend
changes to the permit result from this comment.
9) Antibackslidin . The reductions in effluent limitations and monitoring requirements
violates the Clean Water Act anti -backsliding provisions.
Response: Division staff does not concur. The proposed permit includes more water
quality -based effluent limitations than the previous 2008 permit (refer to Response #7).
The only toxicant limit removed from the previous permit was fluoride at Outfall 013
based on lack of reasonable potential. The need for toxicant limits is based upon a
demonstration of reasonable potential, a statistical evaluation that is conducted during
every permit renewal utilizing the most recent effluent data for each outfall. The
reasonable potential analysis is conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 122.44 (d)(i).
Monitoring frequencies for these toxicants are in accordance with the Division's
"Monitoring Frequency for Toxic Substances" guidance dated July 15, 2010. The
monitoring frequencies (monthly or quarterly) will provide sufficient data to perform a
reasonable potential analysis at the next permit renewal. Outfalls identified as
"Stormwater-Only Outfalls" will be monitored semi-annually in accordance with
NCDEMLR stormwater permitting practices, and similar to the stormwater monitoring
requirements during the previous 2008 permit. DWR staff does not recommend
changes to the permit result from this comment.
10) Deng Permit. The DWR should deny Alcoa's NPDES permit, complete a waste
characterization study of the landfill before making further permitting decisions, and
4

f
instead institute an enforcement action to ensure that Alcoa takes necessary steps to
remediate its sources of pollution.
Response: Division staff disagrees. There is significant public concern about the Alcoa
Badin Landfill and its potential impacts to Little Mountain Creek. A revised NPDES
permit containing effluent limits for cyanide/fluoride with immediate compliance
required at Outfall 005 (which discharges to Little Mountain Creek) along with instream
monitoring requirements through Little Mountain Creek is a preferable option for surface
water protection. This information will be shared with DWM, which is the lead agency
for ongoing RCRA/CERCLA characterization and remediation activities at the landfill
sites. DWR staff does not recommend changes to the permit result from this
comment.
11) EPA Cyanide Loading Estimate. The Alcoa Badin Works discharged 16,309 pounds of
cyanide to Badin Lake/Little Mountain Creek in 2014, according to an EPA website.
Response: EPA has corrected their website, which contained an error in concentration
units. The website now states a discharge of 26 pounds of cyanide in 2014. DWR staff
does not recommend changes to the permit result from this comment.
12) Alcoa Badin Landfill/Outfall 005. The detections of cyanide at Outfall 005 indicate that
the Alcoa Badin landfill is contributing to violations of surface water quality standards in
Little Mountain Creek.
Response: Division staff concur that Outfall 005 is contributing cyanide to Little
Mountain Creek. However, according to the facility's drainage map it appears that
Outfall 005 does not receive drainage from the landfill. DWR stag' does not
recommend changes to the permit result from this comment.
5

HEARING OFFICER RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on review of the public record and written/oral comments received during the public hearing
process, I recommend to the Division Director that the Alcoa Badin Draft NPDES Permit
(NC0004308) be revised as follows:
1. The three (3) year compliance schedule should be withdrawn for Outfalls 005, 011, 012
and 013.
2. Monthly instream monitoring for pollutants of concern be added for locations along Little
Mountain Creek. These sampling locations should be consistent with current sampling
locations utilized by the Mooresville Regional Office while conducting an ongoing
sampling regimen to determine if and to what extent surface water quality standards are
being violated: The pollutants of concern should include at a minimum Arsenic, Fluoride
and Cyanide.
3. •Trichloroethene (TCE) monthly monitoring with permit limit should be added to Outfalls
011 and 012.
4. Stormwater language found in B.(2)1(e) be modified to require additional investigation and
sampling (for priority pollutant parameters) if non-stormwater flows/discharges are
detected in the stormwater outfalls.
5. US Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) should be requested to issue a jurisdictional
determination for all seeps/drainages from landfill to Little Mountain Creek.
6. Recommend that a full priority pollutant analysis be added to outfalls 005, 011, 012, and
013 with a report submitted to the Division the first year of permit.
7
W. Corey Basin er, hearing Officer
APPENDICES
"V op 1 ''
Date
A. Draft Permit and Fact Sheet
B. Announcement of the Draft Permit and Public Hearing
C. Hearing Registration Sheets
6

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Fluoride: An Overview of North Carolina's Standard Development -
',-Arch 2001
Introduction
North Carolina's current fluoride surface water quality standard of 1.8 mg/L was adopted in
19. This standard has been applied to several mine discharges in the Appalachian Mountains
especially along the North Toe River near Spruce Pine. Fluoride in the form of hydrofluoric acid
is used to separate feldspar from mica. Other actual and potential sources of fluoride pollution
include aluminum and phosphate fertilizer manufacturing and uranium processing.
Recently the origins of the fluoride standard have been questioned. This report reviews the
development and subsequent review of the fluoride standard, as well as provides additional
information on fluoride uses and background concentrations.
Chemistry & Occurrence in Surface Waters
The term fluoride properly refers to numerous natural and synthesized compounds that are
derived from hydrofluoric acid. This class of chemicals is commonly referred to as fluorides.
Some of these compounds, such as oxygen difluoride, are very reactive and highly toxic.
Fluoride salts, such as sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride, are much less reactive and much
less toxic.
Numerous different fluoride compounds exist naturally in the environment and have varying
chemical properties. However, the fluoride ion is the toxicologically active agent within this
group of compounds. Most literature on fluoride toxicity concerns sodium fluoride. Additional
toxicity literature is available on some other forms of fluoride, such as stannous fluoride.
Fluoride has a low bioaccumulative potential that is reflected in its relatively high
acute:chronic ratio(20). Bioaccumulation in carp has been reported to range from 9 to 32 L/kg
and in molluscs the rariges are from 11 to 85 L/kg. Bioaccumulation factors greater than 100
L/kg are considered to be of concern. Most fluoride enters the bones or skin where it is relatively
inaccessible and unavailable to the organism and to other organisms that may eat the organism.
Natural background levels of fluoride are low in North Carolina waters. Simmons and Heath'
studied water quality in undisturbed streams throughout the state to characterize background
concentrations of various elements. Fluoride concentrations ranged from <0.1 (detection level) to
0.5 mg/L with mean values ranging from <0.1 to 0.2 mg/L around the state. An "average"
background level of about 0.1 mg/L was indicated and no differences were apparent among
different regions of the state.
There is some data that indicates that hardness may have an impact on the toxicity of the
fluoride ion2; however it is insufficient to develop a hardness -based standard for fluoride. A
quick literature search in 2001 did not provide sufficient additional data to allow recalculation of
the standard based on use of EPA's standard aquatic life or hardness equation. The search found
nine research papers related to fluoride toxicity. Data from those papers has not been reviewed
for acceptability per EPA guidance. However, the reported LC50s and EC50s were at or slightly
lower than the ranges found by the Division in 1986.

Uses
In North Carolina, the freshwater fluoride standard has been applied to several mine
discharges in the mountains. These mines use hydrofluoric acid to separate feldspar from mica.
The impact of their discharges on fluoride concentrations, sediment and pH has been a concern.
Fluorides are also used in the microelectronics industry, aluminum and phosphate fertilizer
manufacturing and uranium processing.
Standard Development
The current standard of 1.8 mg/L was developed in 1977 using an acute:chronic ratio of 20
and a final acute values (FAV) of 36.1 mg/L. The FAV was modified to protect rainbow trout. In
1986, the Division reviewed the fluoride (F) standard.3
At that time, a total of 81 references on the freshwater toxicity of fluoride were located.
Acutely toxic levels (96-hr LC50's) at water hardness of 17 to 200 mg/l as CaCO3 ranged from
925 mg/L F (Gambusia affnis) to 20 mg/L F (brown trout fry).
Based on available data at that time, the final acute value would have been 15.6 mg/L F with
trout and 4729 in IL F without trout and the acute:chronic ratio would be between 4 to 2. The
resultant standards would have been between 3.9 and 7.8 mg/L F for trout waters and 12 and 24
mg/L F for non -trout waters. These values were considered to be approximations due to a lack of
acute data (three additional species were needed to meet EPA guide. lines
These findings were presented to EPA for their review. Based on the guidelines for deriving
water quality criteria, EPA indicated that in order to modify the standard five additional studies
(four acute and one chronic) were necessary. After taking into consideration EPA's response, the
Division decided to keep the 1.8 mg/L standard until more chronic (and selected acute) data
became available. Another review conducted by Shealy Environmental Services5 for Feldspar
Corporation, Indusmin, Inc., and Unimin Corporation made the same recommendation based on
the need for additional toxicity and environmental data.
Current Research
As noted in the Chemistry discussion, a quick literature search resulted in some additional
data. A study by Camargo and La Point (1995)6 presented 96 hr LC50S for five net -spinning
caddisflies. The data presented for the caddisflies would have resulted in two additional genus
mean FAVs of 24.8 and 38.3 mg/L. While there still appears to be insufficient data to recalculate
the fluoride standard per EPA guidance, these FAVs, if used to recalculate the standard, would
have resulted in an FAV of 14 mg/L. This value is close to the 15.6 mg/L used for the original
calculations.
This review should not be considered sufficient to determine if recalculation of the fluoride
standard is warranted. It is only intended to provide a more current perspective on the standard.

1 Simmons, CE and RC Heath. 1982. Water -quality characteristics of streams in forested and
rural areas of North Carolina. Geological Survey Water -Supply Paper 2185. USGS, Raleigh, NC.
2 Division of Environmental Management. 1986. North Carolina Water Quality Standards
Documentation: Toxicity of Fluoride to Freshwater Biota. Report No. 86-01.
3 Ibid.
4 EPA. 1985. Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the
Protection of Aquatic
5 Shealy Environmental Services, Inc. 1987. Toxicity of fluoride to selected freshwater
organisms with recommendations on fluoride water quality criteria for the state of North
Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina.
6 Camargo, JA and TW La Point. 1995. Fluoride toxicity to aquatic life: A proposal of safe
concentrations for five species of palearctic freshwater invertebrates. Arch. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol. 29(2):159-163.

Division of Water Quality
Planning Section
Date: 8/l/2007
To: Connie Brower
From: Nikki Remington
RE: Fluoride standard re -calculation
The current North Carolina surface water standard for the protection of aquatic life from Fluoride
toxicity is 1.8 mg/L. This standard was adopted by the state in 1979. The Fluoride standard was
recalculated in September of 2006 in order to account for new data sources that had become
available. The recalculated value for the Fluoride standard was determined to be 0.63 mg/L.
This value was never adopted as it was determined that additional data was needed to fulfill the
requirements set forth in the EPA's document "Guidelines for Deriving Numerical Water Quality
Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" (Stephan et al., 1985). After
reviewing the Fluoride data used in the 2006 calculation I determined another recalculation was
needed, as new sources of data on Fluoride toxicity were again available.
The 2006 Fluoride recalculation was based on data gathered from ECOTOX and three other
supplementary sources, including a NCDEM Report and two peer reviewed journal articles. All
of these sources were utilized in the current recalculation with some adjustments made to
account for changes in data availability and interpretation. Currently, ECOTOX has removed
some of the data used in the 2006 calculation from the database and new sources have also been
added. Data from 2006 that no longer appears on ECOTOX was not included in the new
recalculation. New ECOTOX sources were added to the calculation if they were deemed
appropriate. Data from the NCDEM report and journal articles was also used in the calculation
when applicable. Some species were removed from the 2006 data set (such as the Mayfly and
Midge, which both had data derived from toxicity tests that didn't meet the federal guidelines for
standards development) while other species were added (such as the caddisfly, Cheumatopsyche
pettiti, which was originally determined to be a European species but was found to actually have
populations throughout North America).
After making the adjustments to the 2006 data set that I thought would best fulfill the
requirements for aquatic life standards development as set forth in the federal guidelines, I
calculated the new Fluoride standard value to be 0.695 mg/L for the protection of freshwater
aquatic life. However, there is still a need for further data sources to fully comply with the data
requirements as they are stated in the federal guidelines. Specifically, acute -chronic ratios are
needed for three different families of aquatic organisms, including a fish, an invertebrate and
another family that has been shown to be acutely sensitive to Fluoride. Currently a default safety
factor of 0.05 has been used as a substitute for these needed ratios. Until these additional acute
and chronic studies have been conducted, it would appear to be reasonable for North Carolina to
maintain it's current Fluoride freshwater aquatic life standard of 1.8 mg/L (although it should be
noted that the current standard may be slightly underprotective of aquatic life based on the
existing data).

References Used for Current Recalculation of Fluoride Standard
Division of Environmental Management (DEM). 1986. North Carolina Water Quality Standards
Documentation: Toxicity of Fluoride to Freshwater Biota. Report No. 86-01.
Keller, A.E. and T. Augspurger. 2005. Toxicity of Fluoride to the Endangered Unionid Mussel,
Alasmidonta raveneliana and Surrogate Species. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 74:242-249.
Metcalfe -Smith et al. 2003. Toxicity of Aqueous and Sediment -Associated Fluoride to Freshwater
Organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22(1): 161-166.
Stephan, C.E., D.I. Mount, D.J. Hansen, J.H. Gentile, G.A. Chapman and W.A. Brungs. 1985. Guidelines
for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and
Their Uses. PB85-227049. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. ECOTOX User Guide: ECOTOXicology Database System.
Version 4.0. Available: http./www.epa.gov/ecotox/ [Accessed July 2007].
2

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