19960975 Ver 1_Complete File_20020401

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Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Acting Director
Division of Water Quality
April 1, 2002
Tracy Rush
Jay Carter and Associates, Inc.
P. O. Box 891
Southern Pines, NC 28388
Dear Ms. Rush;
Re: DWQ review of 2000 and 2001 Annual Wetland monitoring reports
Columbus County Airport
Columbus County
DWQ # 96-0975
DWQ staff have reviewed the above mentioned reports dated January 31, 2002 (received
January 29, 202). These reports are sufficient to meet the mitigation requirements of the 401 Water
Quality Certification with the following additions. Please address these points in a subsequent
submittal so we can approve these reports:
1. The flashboard risers must eventually be replaced with permanent water control measures.
Please present a schedule to accomplish this.
2. An engineer must certify the stability of the new dam especially given its past problems.
Please provide this written certification.
3. A map of sampling locations must be provided with }'our response and all subsequent
reporting, and
4. Please address the goal of mitigation (in terms of wetland type and functions) in your
response and all subsequent reporting.
I can be reached at 919-733-9646 if you have any questions.
cc: File Copy
Central Files
DWQ Wilmington Regional Office
ITC Wetlands Restoration Program
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Nr_DENq
N. C. Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1,350 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
[phone] (phone), 919-733-6893 (fax), (http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
Sincerely,

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DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, INC. 2 9 2002
Environmental Consultants
06 P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388
(9 0) 95-104 • F x [phone]
'Letter of Transmittal C16;
To John Dorney, Supervisor
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
WE ARE SENDING YOU
Date: 28 Jan. 2002 Job # 9212
Attn: John Dorne
Re: DW Project # 960975

Attached X Reports
Copy of letter Plans
Prints Photos
Maps
Data
COPIES DATE # P s DESCRIPTION
2 1-31-02 39 2000 Annual Report, Columbus County Airport
Wetland Mitigation Plan Implementation, Columbus County, NC
DWQ Project # 960975

2 1-31-02 39 2001 Annual Report, Columbus County Airport
Wetland Mitigation Plan Implementation, Columbus County, NC
DWQ Project # 960975

THESE ARE TRANSMITTED
For approval
X_ For your use
_ As requested
For review and comment
REMARKS:
Approved as noted
Approved as submitted
Returned for corrections
For your information
COPY TO: John Whitehurst - Columbus County SIGNED:
Andy Lamm - Hobbs, Upchurch &
Associates, Inc.
If enclosures are not noted, please contact us immediately
Endangered Species Surveys • Environmental Assessments • Land Management 9 Wetlands Mapping and Permitting
? r
A - ' 2 9 2002
17 2000 ANNUAL REPORT

COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975)
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 31 January 2002
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
"f . , I ,
2000 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport proposes to restore wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project 4960975),
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
2000.
Mitigation and monitoring activities at the airport in 2000 consisted of water control,
groundwater monitoring and monitoring of vegetation plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration clear
zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during.construction of a runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red
maple (Ater rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous

Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.

vegetation including sweet gum, swamp blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda),
waxmyrtle, inkberry, blueberries (Vacinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifloia), broom-
sedge (Andropogon virginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area
appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils
on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy loams. Both series are hydric
soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed (Mikania
scandens) and joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
slender spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus).
Dominant shrub species include inkberry and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
2000 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
Two 10-inch boards were installed in the water control structure on 13 September 2000 to
hold water within the mitigation area. Water was not passing through the structure at this time.
On 28 November 2000, the water level had risen to the top of the second board and some water
was running in between the boards (Figure 3). Two additional boards were installed at this time
(Figure 3).
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Figure 3. Water control structure with 2 boards installed (top) and the addition of 2 more boards
(bottom) at Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
A . , I
2000 MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
The 9 monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells are located in
the reference wetland, 5 wells are located in the mitigation area and 1 well was installed in an
adjacent upland (Figure 2). The electronic monitoring wells are programmed to record water
levels every 12 hours and are downloaded every 3-4 months.
Water elevations and rainfall amounts for the period 1 January 2000 through 31
December 2000 are displayed graphically in Appendices A-C. The goal is to create wetland
hydrology within the mitigation area (82, 83, and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology
are met when the areas are inundated or saturated to within 12 inches of the surface for at least
12.5% of the growing season (30 consecutive days in most years). The growing season for
Columbus County runs from mid-March to mid-November (240 days). In addition, groundwater
in the mitigation area must be within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the
hydrograph for both areas have a similar shape.
The 78 and 79 foot wells in the reference area met the wetland hydrology criteria
(Appendices A.1 and A.2). The 78 foot well had standing water throughout most of the year.
The 79 foot well had standing water periodically throughout the year and had water within 12
inches of the surface most of the year. The 80 foot well in the reference area did not meet
wetland hydrology criteria during the year (Appendix A.3). The water level rose to within one
foot of the surface, but did not remain there for more than a day or two.
The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water until the beginning of May (Appendix B.1). The water
level then dropped several feet over the next month (probably due to spring vegetation growth)
and then fluctuated the rest of the year. In the mitigation area, the 83 foot (west) and 84 foot
(west) well sites had standing water until the beginning of May also and met the wetland
hydrology criteria (Appendices B.2 and B.4 respectively). The 83 foot (east) well had water
within 1 foot of the surface until 4 April 2000 when the well battery failed and data was not
recorded until a new battery was installed on 12 June 2000 (Appendix B.3).
t ' A '
The 84 foot (east) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface for a period of 8 or 9
days on several occasions (Appendix B.5), but did not meet the wetland hydrology criteria of 30
consecutive days.
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
year. The water level at this location was within 1 foot of the surface only several days during
the growing season (Appendix C.1).
Average rainfall for Columbus County is approximately 49 inches (USDA 1990).
Rainfall amounts recorded in Whiteville (State Climate Office of North Carolina) totaled 52.22
inches for the year. Rainfall amounts for the year 2000 in southeastern North Carolina can be
considered normal.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried on 13 and 14 September 2000. Two plots
are located in the reference wetland, 5 plots (one at each monitoring well) are located in the
restoration area and 1 plot is located in an adjacent upland area (Figure 2). The vegetation plots
measure 10 meters by 10 meters and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of
the reference area. There are 2 wells within one of the vegetation plots in the reference area
because of the sharp change in elevation in this area. The vegetation in each plot was
characterized by species, prevalence and percent cover (see Appendix D-F for complete species
lists).
Plot R-1 in the reference area was dominated by possum-haw viburnum, woolly panic
grass (Panicum scabriusculum), plume grass, hairy seedbox and Virginia chain-fern (Table 1)..
Plot R-2 was dominated by slender spikegrass, broomsedge (Andropogon glomeratus) and
inkberry (Table 1) with trace amounts of a variety of herbs, grasses and low shrubs (Appendix
D). All of the dominant species located within the reference area are wetland indicator species.
Plot #1 in the mitigation area, located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by black
willow. Other dominant tall shrub species included red maple, tag alder, swamp blackgum,
elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and possum-haw viburnum. Groundcover was dominated by
joe-pye-weed, marsh dewflower (Murdannia keisak), swamp smartweed (Polygonum
hydropiperioides), netted chain-fern and Virginia chain-fern (Table 2). All of the dominant
species located in Plot #1 are wetland indicator species.
Ar I .
Table 1. Dominant vegetation* in the Reference Monitoring Plots, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
78 feet 79.5 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot R-1
% Cover Plot R-2
% Cover
Andropo on glomeratus bushy bluestem FACW+ -- 10-25%
Chasmanthium laxum slender spikegrass FACW- -- 25-50%
Erianthus iganteus plume grass FACW 10-25% --
Ilex glabra inkberry FACW -- 5-10%
Ludwigia pilosa hairy seedbox OBL 10-25% --
Panicum scabriusculum woolly panic grass OBL 25-50% --
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum FACW+ 50-75% --
Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain-fern OBL 5-10% --
* See Appendix D for a complete species list.

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Water level data was downloaded from the 9 monitoring wells every 3-4 months
throughout the year and boards were installed in the water control structure. Four of the six
(66%) monitoring wells within the mitigation area have hydrographs similar to the reference area
and meet the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 8 vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried and species cover and presence data
was collected at each. The reference area and mitigation area are both dominated by hydrophytic
species.
REFERENCES
United States Department of Agriculture. 1990. Soil survey of Columbus County, North
Carolina. 138 pp.

APPENDIX A:
REFERENCE AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
AND RAINFALL DATA

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APPENDIX D:
VEGETATION PLOTS R-1 and R-2
WETLAND REFERENCE AREA

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-1 ELEVATION: 78 feet 9/13/00 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Aroma arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Carex laucescens southern waxy sedge x OBL
C erus stri osus straw-colored flatsed e x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass 10-25% FACW
Eu atorium fistulosum 'oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt-leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Ludwi is landulosa c linddc-fruit seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox 10-25% OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
Mania scandens - climbing hem weed x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass 25-50% OBL
Pas alum dilatatum dallis rass x FAC+
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb x OBL
Rh nchos ora corniculata short-bristle beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora macrostach a tall beakrush x OBL
Salix ni ra black willow x OBL
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 50-75% FACW+
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern 5-10% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%
v i ,
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 9/13100 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple X FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber X FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem 10-25% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber X FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane X FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster X FAC
Calama rostis cinnoides Nuttall's small-reed grass X OBL
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge X OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass 25-50% FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush X FACW
C rills racemiflora titi X FACW
E/eocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush X FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass X FACW
Eu atorium album white thorough-wort X ---
Eu atorium frstulosum 'oe- a-weed X FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort X FACW
Eu atorium recurvans coastal-plain thorough-wort X FACW-
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort X FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod X FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine X FAC
Helianthus an ustifolius swam sunflower X FAC+
Ilex coriacea sweet allber X FACW
Ilex labra inkber 5-10% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um X FAC+
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed X OBL
-
L onia fi ustrina maleber X FACW
L onia lucida fetterbush X FACW
M rica hetero h Ila evergreen bayberry X FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um X OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern X FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern X OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass X FAC
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass X OBL
Panicum verrucosum warty panic grass X FACW
Pol ala lutea oran e milkwort X FACW+
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern X FACU
Quercus ni ra water oak X FAC
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beauty X FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac X NI
Rh nchos ora ce halantha clustered beakrush X OBL
Rubus s blackber X ---
Table Continued on next page
*See next page
,*A 1 rf,
Continued from previous page:
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 9/13/00 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Scleria s p. nutrush x ---
Scutellaria inte rifolia hyssop skullcap x FAC
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Solida o ru osa wrinkled goldenrod x FAC
Solida o stricta willow-leaf goldenrod x OBL
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Violas . violet x ---
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%

APPENDIX E:
VEGETATION PLOTS #1, #2, #3, #5 and #6
WETLAND MITIGATION AREA

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 1 ELEVATION: 82 feet 9/13100 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 10-25% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 10-25% FACW+
Aster dumosus bush aster x FAC
Boehmeria c lindrica false nettle x FACW+
Cinna arundinacea wood-reed x FAM
C rills racemiflora titi x FACW
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum ioe- a-weed 5-10% FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Lonicera japonica - Japanese hone suckle x FAC-
Ludwi is landulosa c lindic-fruit seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus - Virginia bu leweed x OBL
Mikania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
Murdannia keisak marsh dewtlower 10-25% OBL
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um 5-10% OBL
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed 5-10% OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow 50-75% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
-
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 10-25% FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern 10-25% OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern 10-25% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 2 ELEVATION: 83 feet 9/13/00 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 5-10% FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 10-25% FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium leucole is white-bract thorough-wort x FACW+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrew's cross x ---
H ericum stans St. Peter's wort x FACW-
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 10-25% FACW
Ilex labra inkber 50-75% FACW
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar x FAC
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seed ox x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beau x FACW+
Rhus co allina win ed sumac x NI
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rh nchos ora microce hala ca itate beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
-
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry 5-10% FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Otis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
X r. caroliniana Carolina yellow-eyed grass x FACW+
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL= Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%
s.. ? I ", W
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 3 ELEVATION: 84 feet 9/13/00 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem x FACW+
Aroma arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster x FAC
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Eu atodum rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex labra inkber 50-75% FACW
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe x FACW
Li uidambar s raciflua sweet um x FAC+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar x FAC
L co odium alo ecuroides fox-tail clubmoss x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
-
Panicum s panic grass x ---
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x FAC
Pol ala lutea orange milkwort x FACW+
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beau x FACW+
Rhexia etiolata ciliate meadow-beau x FACW+
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackber x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Solida o ru osa wrinkled goldenrod x FAC
Sphagnum s p. Sphagnum moss x ---
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%
,*t •1 , J 1k
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 5 ELEVATION: 83 feet 9/14/00 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 25-50% FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber 10-25% FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rills racemiflora titi x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum 'oe- a weed x FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x OBL
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Liriodendron tuli ifera - tulip poplar x FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fefterbush x FACW
Mania scandens climbing hem weed 5-10% FACW+
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um 5-10% OBL
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
Panicum scabdusculum wool) panic grass x OBL
Panicum verrucosum warty panic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pluchea odorata camphor-weed x FACW
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb 5-10% OBL
Rh nchos ors racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry 10-25% ---
Salix ni ra black willow 25-50% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
S ha num s p. sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
T ha latifolia cat-tails x OBL
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 10-25% FACW+
Woodwardia areolata Netted chain-fern 10-25% OBL
Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain-fern 50-75% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 6 ELEVATION: 84 feet 9/14100 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 10-25% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 10-25% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber 5-10% FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Baccharis halimifolia eastern false-willow x FAC
Berchemia scandens su le'ack x FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Carex s no fruits sedge x ---
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 10-25% FACW
C villa racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Eleocharis tuberosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus l anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum 'oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium erfoliatum common boneset x FACW+
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Fra aria vir inica Virginia strawberry x FAC-
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex codacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Li uidambars raciflua sweet um x FAC+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar 10-25% FAC
-
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
Mania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
Murdannia keisak marsh dewflower x OBL
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass 10-25% FAC
Panicum sco arium hairy panic grass x FACW
Panicum verrucosum warty panic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pol ovum h dro iperoides swam smartweed x OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb x OBL
Rh nchos ora ce halanta clustered beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia l aued-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia reenbrier x FAC
Sphagnum s - sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Woodwardia areolata Netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern 5-10% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%

APPENDIX F:
UPLAND VEGETATION PLOT #4

Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet. Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry with lesser amounts of red maple, sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea),
titi, fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) (Table 2). Plot
#5 was dominated by 8-10 foot tall red maple and black willow trees with patches of shrubs
including red chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia), sweet pepperbush, blackberry (Rubus sp.),
elderberry and possum-haw viburnum. Groundcover was dominated by climbing hempweed,
tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum), netted chain-fern and Virginia chain-fern (Table 2). All of
the dominant species located in Plots #2 and #5 are wetland indicator species.
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry
and titi with scattered fetterbush (Table 2). The herbaceous layer was generally sparse
(Appendix E). Plot #6 had an 8-10 foot tall overstory of tag alder, tulip poplar and red maple.
Dominant shrub species included red chokeberry, sweet pepperbush and titi (Table 2). The
herbaceous layer was generally sparse under the trees and shrubs and included cypress
witchgrass (Panicum dichotomum) and Virginia chain-fern. All of the dominant species located
in Plots #3 and #6 are wetland indicator species.
Plot #4, the uplands plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant tree species
within the plot included blackgum and southern red oak (Quercus falcata) with scattered
sweetgum and water oak (Quercus nigra) (Table 3). The dense shrub layer consisted of sweet
pepperbush, sweet gallberry, leucothoe (Leucothoe racemosa) and fetterbush. Bracken fern was
the dominant groundcover and yellow jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens) was the dominant
vine species.
Soil samples were taken near the center of each vegetation monitoring plot (Table 4).
Both reference area soil samples had saturated hydric soil. In the mitigation area, Plots #1, #5
and #6 all had saturated hydric soils. Plots #2 and #3 had dry crumbly dark soil. The upland
vegetation Plot (#4) had sandy dry soil.
SUMMARY
The mitigation project will be considered successful when wetlands hydrology has been
enhanced or restored on sufficient areas to mitigate for the lost water quality values. The
hydrology success criteria will be when the groundwater within the mitigation area is within one inch of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a similar
shape.
Table 3. Dominant vegetation* in the Upland Monitoring Plot, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
85 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot #4
% Cover
Clethra alnifolia sweet pe erbush FACW 10-25%
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine FAC 5-10%
Ilex coriacea sweet gallberry FACW 5-10%
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe FACW 5-10%
Liquidambar styraci ua sweetgum FAC+ 5-10%
Lyonia lucida fetterbush FACW 10-25%
Nyssa sylvatica black gum FAC 10-25%
Pteridium aqualinum bracken fern FACU 5-10%
Quercus alcata southern red oak FACU- 10-25%
Quercus nigra water oak FAC 5-10%
* See Appendix F for a complete species list.

Table 4. Soil sample information for 2000, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North
Carolina.
PLOT DEPTH VALUE/CHROMA COMMENTS
Reference Plot #1 0-6" l OYR 3/3 1" of standing water
6-12" 1OYR 6/1 mucky silt
Reference Plot #2 0-10" 7.5YR 2/0 sandy silt, saturated at 8"
10-12" 1OYR 3/2 oxidized root channels
Plot #1 0-8" 1OYR 3/2 saturated, greasy, organic muck
Plot #2 0-12" 7.5YR 2/0 black, dry, crumbly
Plot#3 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 dry crumbly, sandy silt
w/ 7.5YR 4/6 mottles
6-10" 2.5 YR 5/4 silty sand
Plot #5 0-12" 10YR 3/2 water in hole at 3-4" and rising
Plot #6 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 black saturated silty loam
6-12" 1OYR 4/1 gray saturated sand
Plot #4 (upland) 0-8" 1 OYR 2/1 silty sand, dry, crumbly
4r - LAA
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 4 ELEVATION: 85 feet 9/13/00 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
melanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 10-25% FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi x FACW
Dios ros vir na persimmon x FAC
Ele hanto us nudatus smooth elephant-foot x FAC
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine 5-10% FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 5-10% FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe 5-10% FACW
Li uidambars raciflua sweet um 5-10% FAC+
L onia lucida etterbush 10-25% FACW
Moss moss x ---
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa s Ivatica black um 10-25% FAC
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x FAC
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern 5-10% FACU
Quercus falcata southern red oak 10-25% FACU-
Quercus ni ra water oak 5-10% FAC
Rhus co allina win ed sumac x NI
Sassafras albidum sassafras x FACU
Smilax lauca catbrier x FAC
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans - poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium staminlum deerber x FACU
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape X FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present but less than 5%
a , „ d 2 9 2002
2001 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975)
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 31 January 2002
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
<t •In
2001 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport proposes to restore wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975),
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
2001.
Mitigation and monitoring activities at the airport in 2001 consisted of water control,
groundwater monitoring and monitoring of vegetation plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration clear
zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during construction of a runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red
maple (Acer rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous

Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
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vegetation including sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), waxmyrtle,
inkberry, blueberries (Vacinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifloia), broom-sedge
(Andropogon virginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area
appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils
on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Griffon fine sandy loams. Both series are hydric
soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed (Mikania
scandens) and joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
slender spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus).
Dominant shrub species include inkberry and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
2001 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
A dam breach next to the water control structure occurred sometime between late
November and early April (Figure 3). The breach was repaired in April and 2 boards were
installed in the water control structure in late May (Figure 3). The water level remained low
(below the 2 boards) throughout the summer and fall with no water passing through the water
control structure.

Figure 3. Dam breach adjacent to water control structure (top) and the repaired dam (bottom) at
Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
,r

2001 MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
The 9 monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells are located in
the reference wetland, 5 wells are located in the mitigation area and 1 well was installed in an
adjacent upland (Figure 2). The electronic monitoring wells are programmed to record water
levels every 12 hours and are downloaded every 3-4 months.
Water elevations for the period 1 January 2001 through 31 December 2001 are displayed
graphically in Appendices A-C. The goal is to create wetland hydrology within the mitigation
area (82, 83, and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology are met when the areas are
inundated or saturated to within 12 inches of the surface for at least 12.5% of the growing season
(30 consecutive days in most years). The growing season for Columbus County runs from mid-
March to mid-November (240 days). In addition, groundwater in the mitigation area must be
within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a
similar shape.
The 78 and 79 foot wells in the reference area met the wetland hydrology criteria. The 78
foot well had standing water throughout most of the year (appendix A.1). The 79 foot well had
standing water periodically throughout the year and had water within 12 inches of the surface
most of the year (Appendix A.2). The 80 foot well in the reference area did not meet wetland
hydrology criteria during the year. The water level rose to within 1 foot of the surface, but did
not remain there for more than a day or two (Appendix A.3).
The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water until the beginning of May. The water level then
dropped several feet over the next month (probably due to spring vegetation growth) and then
fluctuated until mid-September when rainfall amounts decreased significantly (Appendix B.1).
In the mitigation area, the 83 foot (west) and 84 foot (west) well sites had standing water until
the beginning of May also and so met the wetland hydrology criteria (Appendix B.2 and B.4
respectively). The 84 foot (west) well failed sometime after 6 September, but it can be assumed
that the water level dropped abruptly in mid-Septemebr due to low rainfall amounts . The 83 foot
(east) well failed sometime between January and April 2001 the failure was not discovered until
the data was analyzed after the April visit. A new well was installed on 22 May 2001. The
,i .0
water level rose to within 1 foot of the surface numerous times during the growing season, but
did not remain there for 30 consecutive days (Appendix B.3).
The 84 foot (left) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface for a period of 2 or 3
days on several occasions (Appendix B.5), but did not meet the wetland hydrology criteria of 30
consecutive days.
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
year. The water level at this location was within 1 foot of the surface only several days during
the growing season (Appendix C.1).
Average rainfall for Columbus County is approximately 49 inches (USDA 1990).
Rainfall amounts recorded in Whiteville (State Climate Office of North Carolina) totaled 34.11
inches for the year, well below normal.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried on 6 September 2001. Two plots are
located in the reference wetland, 5 plots (one at each monitoring well) are located in the
restoration area and 1 plot is located in an adjacent upland area. The vegetation plots measure 10
meters by 10 meters and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of the
reference area. There are 2 wells within one of the vegetation plots in the reference area because
of the sharp change in elevation in this area. The vegetation in each plot was characterized by
species, prevalence and percent cover (see Appendices D-F for complete lists).
Plot R-1 in the reference area was dominated by possum-haw viburnum, woolly panic
grass (Panicum scabriusculum), hairy seedbox, plume grass and Virginia chain-fern (Table 1).
Plot R-2 was dominated by slender spikegrass, bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus),
inkberry and slender fragrant goldenrod (Euthamia minor) (Table 1), with trace amounts of a
variety of herbs, grasses and low shrubs (Appendix D). All of the dominant species located
within the reference area are wetland indicator species.
Plot #1 in the mitigation area, located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by black
willow and red maple. Other dominant tall shrub species include tag alder, possum-haw
viburnum and elderberry (Sambucus canadensis). Groundcover was dominated by netted chain-
fern and Virginia chain-fern (Table 2). Percent cover of red maple increased and marsh
Table 1. Dominant vegetation* in the Reference Monitoring Plots, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
78 feet 79.5 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot R-1
% Cover Plot R-2
% Cover
Andropogon glomeratus bushy bluestem FACW+ -- 10-25%
Chasmanthium laxum slender spikegrass FACW- -- 25-50%
Erianthus giganteus plume grass FACW 10-25% --
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod FAC -- 5-10%
Ilex glabra inkberry FACW -- 5-10%
Ludwigia pilosa hairy seedbox OBL 10-25% --
Panicum scabriusculum woolly panic grass OBL 25-50% --
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum FACW+ 50-75% --
Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain-fern OBL 10-25% --
* See Appendix D for a complete species list.
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dewflower (Murdannia keisak) decreased in 2001. All of the dominant species located in Plot #1
are hydrophytic species.
Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet. Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry with lesser amounts of red maple, sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea),
titi, fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) (Table 2). Red
maple became more prevalent in 2001. Plot #5 was dominated by 10-15 foot tall red maple and
black willow trees with patches of shrubs including red chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia), sweet
pepperbush, elderberry, blackberry (Rubus sp.) and possum-haw viburnum. Groundcover was
dominated by netted chain-fern and Virginia chain-fern (Table 2). Percent cover of netted chain
fern and red chokeberry decreased in 2001. All of the dominant species located in Plots #2 and
#5 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry
and titi with scattered fetterbush (Table 2). The herbaceous layer was generally sparse
(Appendix E). Plot #6 had a 10-15 foot tall overstory of tag alder, tulip poplar and red maple.
Dominant shrub species included sweet pepperbush, titi and blackberry (Table 2). The
herbaceous layer was generally sparse under the trees and shrubs and was dominated by cypress
witchgrass (Panicum dichotomum). Red maple increased in prevalence in 2001. All of the
dominant species located in Plots #3 and #6 are hydrophytic species.
Plot #4, the uplands plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant tree species
within the plot included blackgum and southern red oak (Quercus falcata) (Table 3). The dense
shrub layer consisted of sweet pepperbush, fetterbush and water oak (Quercus nigra) saplings.
Bracken fern was the dominant groundcover and yellow jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens)
was the dominant vine species.
Soil samples were taken near the center of each vegetation monitoring plot (Table 4).
Both reference area soil samples had saturated hydric soil. In the mitigation area, Plots #1, #2,
#5 and #6 all had saturated hydric soils. Plot #3 was not saturated, but had oxidized root
channels in the upper 12 inches. The upland vegetation plot (#4) had sandy dry soil.
SUMMARY
The mitigation project will be considered successful when wetlands hydrology has been
enhanced or restored on sufficient areas to mitigate for the lost water quality values. The
< 14 "1
Table 3. Dominant vegetation* in the Upland Monitoring Plot, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
85 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot #4
% Cover
Clethra alni olia sweet pepperbush FACW 5-10%
Gelsemium sempervirens yellow jessamine FAC 5-10%
Lyonia lucida fetterbush FACW 5-10%
Nyssa sylvatica blackgum FAC 25-50%
Pteridium aqualinum bracken fern FACU 5-10%
Quercus alcata southern red oak FAC+ 10-25%
Quercus ni ra water oak FAC 5-10%
* See Appendix F for a complete species list.
IV . 11
Table 4. Soil sample information for 2001, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North
Carolina.
PLOT DEPTH VALUE/CHROMA COMMENTS

Reference Plot #1 0-8" l OYR 3/2 1" of standing water, gleyed,
oxidized root channels
8-12" 1OYR 5/2 mucky silt
Reference Plot #2 0-6" l OYR 2/1 sandy silt, saturated
6-12" 10YR 5/3 oxidized root channels,
organic streaking
Plot #1 0-12" 1OYR 3/2 saturated, greasy, organic muck,
gleyed
Plot #2 0-8" 1OYR 2/1
8-12" 10YR 3/2 saturated, gleyed, organic streaking,
sandy muck
Plot#3 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 organic
6-8" 10YR 4/3
8-12" 1OYR 5/6 oxidized root channels, sandy
Plot #5 0-8" 10YR 3/2 saturated to surface
8-12" 10YR 4/1 sandy
Plot #6 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 saturated to surface, organic
6-12" 10YR 511 silty sand
Plot #4 (upland) 0-8" 7.5YRYR 2/0 silty sand, dry, crumbly
(salt&pepper)
.* , j
hydrology success criteria will be when the groundwater within the mitigation area is within one inch of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a similar
shape.
Water level data was downloaded from the 9 monitoring wells every 3-4 months
throughout the year. Two wells failed and were replaced during the year. The dam was
breached sometime in the winter 2001, but was repaired in April and 2 boards were installed in
the water control structure in May. Three of the six (50%) monitoring wells within the
mitigation area have hydrographs similar to the reference area and meet the wetland hydrology
criteria. This is less than in 2000 and the decrease can be partially attributed to the lower than
normal rainfall amounts during 2000.
The 8 vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried and species cover and presence data
were collected at each. There have been several changes in the vegetative composition in all
monitoring plots. There has been a general increase in shrub and tree species coverage and a
general decrease in herbaceous species coverage. The reference area and mitigation area are
both dominated by hydrophytic species.

REFERENCES
United States Department of Agriculture. 1990. Soil survey of Columbus County, North
Carolina. 138 pp.
,tt 'J
APPENDIX A:
REFERENCE AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
AND RAINFALL DATA

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APPENDIX B:
MITIGATION AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
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APPENDIX C:
UPLAND AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
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APPENDIX D:
VEGETATION PLOTS R-1 and R-2
WETLAND REFERENCE AREA

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-1 ELEVATION: 78 feet 9/6/01 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Carex laucescens southern waxy sedge x OBL
C erus stri osus straw-colored flatsed e x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus lume rass 10-25% FACW
Eu atorium tistulosum 'oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Galium obtusum blunt-leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Ludwi is landulosa c lindric-fruit seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox 10-25% OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
-
Mania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
-
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
Panicum scabriusculum wool/ panic grass 25-50% OBL
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Pol ovum h dro i erioides swam smartweed x OBL
Rh nchos ora comiculata short-bristle beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora macrostach a tall beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow x OBL
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solida o frstulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 50-75% FACW+
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern 10-25% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
f IN
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 916101 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple X FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber X FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem 10-25% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber X FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane X FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster X FAC
Calama rostis cinnoides Nuttall's small-reed grass X OBL
Carex laucescens southern waxy sedge x OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass 25-50% FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush X FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi X FACW
Eleochads tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush X FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass X FACW
Eu atorium album white thorough-wort X ---
Eu atorium flstulosum 'oe- a-weed X FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort X FACW
Eu atorium recurvans coastal-plain thorough-wort X FACW-
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod 5-10% FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine X FAC
-
Helianthus an ustifolius swam sunflower X FAC+
Hexast lis arifolia wild ginger X FAC-
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex labra inkber 5-10% FACW
Li uidambars raciflua sweet um X FAC+
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed X OBL
L onia li ustrina maleber X FACW
L onia lucida fetterbush X FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry X FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um X OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern X FACW+
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass X FAC
Panicum scabriusculum - woolly panic grass X OBL
Panicum verrucosum warty panic grass X FACW
Pinus s pine X ---
Pol ala lutea orange milkwort X FACW+
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Quercus ni ra water oak X FAC
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beau X FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac X NI
-
Rh nchos ora ce halantha clustered beakrush X OBL
Rubus s blackber x ---
Table Continued on next page
*See next page
A 1 ?
• f
Continued from previous page:
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 9/6/01 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Scleria s p. nutrush x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
-
Solida o ru osa wrinkled goldenrod x FAC
Solida o stricta willow-leaf goldenrod x OBL
Sphagnum s p. s ha num moss x ---
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Violas . violet x ---
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
X ris s yellow-eyed-grass X ---
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FAC W = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover

APPENDIX E:
VEGETATION PLOTS #1, #2, #3, #5 and #6
WETLAND MITIGATION AREA
a 46 1 r ,
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 1 ELEVATION: 82 feet 9/6/01 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 25-50% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 10-25% FACW+
Boehmeria c lindrica false nettle x FACW+
Cinna arundinacea wood-reed x FAM
C erus virens green flatsed e x FACW
C rills racemiflora titi x FACW
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium fistulosum 'oe- a-weed x FAC+
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
ltea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle x FAC-
Ludwi is landulosa c lindic-fruit seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
Mania scandens - climbing hem weed x FACW+
Murdannia keisak marsh dewflower x OBL
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper x FAC
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pol onum sa lttatum tearthumb x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x --
Salix ni ra black willow 50-75% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 5-10% FACW+
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern 10-25% OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern 10-25% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
.6 '' .`
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 2 ELEVATION: 83 feet 9/6101 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 10-25%% FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 10-25% FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium leucole is white-bract thorough-wort x FACW+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 10-25% FACW
Ilex labra inkber 50-75% FACW
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Liriodendron tull ifera tulip poplar x FAC
L onia Iucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beau x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s p. s ha num moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
_
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry 5-10% FACW
Viburnum nudum ossum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
X ris caroliniana Carolina Yellow-eyed grass x FACW+
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 3 ELEVATION: 84 feet 9/6/01 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem x FACW+
Aristida vir ata wand-like three-awn grass x FACW-
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster x FAC
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rills racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Eu atodum rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
H ericum s p. St. John's-wort x ---
Ilex coriacea sweet allber X FACW
Ilex labra inkber 50-75% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um . X FAC+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar x FAC
L co odium alo ecuroides fox-tail clubmoss x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
Panicum s panic grass x ---
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x FAC
Pol ala lutea Oran e milkwort x FACW+
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beau x FACW+
Rhexia etiolata ciliate meadow-beau x FACW+
Rh nchos ora inex ansa noddin beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solids o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
S ha num s p. s ha num moss x ---
S m locos tinctoria horse sugar x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL= Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 5 ELEVATION: 83 feet 9/6101 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red ma le 25-50% FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber 5-10% FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi x FACW
Erechtites hieracilfolia fireweed x FAC-
Eu atodum fistulosum ioe- a weed x FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
H ericum h ericoides St. John's-wort x ---
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x OBL
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Liriodendron tuli ifera - tulip poplar x FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
Ludwi 'a ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
-
L onia lucida fefterbush x FACW
Mikania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
Panicum verrucosum warty panic rass x FACW
Persea borbonla red bay x FACW
Pol ovum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb x OBL
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry 10-25% ---
Salix ni ra black willow 25-50% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s p. s ha num moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum ossum-haw viburnum 10-25% FACW+
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern 10-25% OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern 50-75% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 6 ELEVATION: 84 feet 9/6/01 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 25-50% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 10-25% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Bacchads halimifolia eastern false-willow x FAC
Berchemia scandens su le'ack x FACW
Carex s no fruits sedge x ---
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Eleocharis tuberosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum 'oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex /abra inkber x FACW
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Li uidambars raciflua sweet um x FAC+
Lirlodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar 10-25% FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fefterbush x FACW
Mania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
Murdannia keisak marsh dewflower x OBL
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass 10-25% FAC
Panicum sco arium hairy panic grass x FACW
Panicum verrucosum warty panic grass x FACW
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper x FAC
Persea borbonla red bay x FACW
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pol gonum sa ittatum tearthumb x OBL
Pterldium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rh nchos ora ce halanta clustered beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia reenbrier x FAC
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison i x FAC
-
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL=Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover

APPENDIX F:
UPLAND VEGETATION PLOT #4

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 4 ELEVATION: 85 feet 9/6/01 Wetland*
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
cer rubrum red maple x FAC
melanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem x FACW+
ronia arbutifolia red chokeberry x FACW
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi x FACW
Dios ros vir iniana persimmon x FAC
Ele hanto us nudatus smooth elephant-foot x FAC
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorough-wort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorough-wort x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine 5-10% FAC
H pericum s p. St. John's-wort x --
11ex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe x FACW
Li uidambar s raciflua sweet um x FAC+
L onia li ustrina maleber x FACW
L onia lucida etterbush 5-10% FACW
Moss moss x ---
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa s lvatica black um 25-50% FAC
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum dichotomum - cypress witch grass x FAC
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x FAC
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern 5-10% FACU
Quercus falcata southern red oak 10-25% FACU-
Quercus nigra water oak 5-10% FAC
Rhexia mariana Ma land meadow-beau x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
Sassafras albidum sassafras x FACU
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans - poison i x FAC
Vaccinium staminium deerber x FACU
Vaccinium tenellum ale-leaf blueberry x FACU-
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL= Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover