20051216 Ver 4_2010-00378_reauthorization_20190531

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action ID. SAW -2010-00378 County: Yancey
GENERAL PERMIT (REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE) VERIFICATION
Permittee: East Yancey Water & Sewer District / Attn: Ms. Lynn Austin
Address: County Courthouse, Room 11
Burnsville, NC 28714
Telephone Number: 828-682-3971
Permittee: Town of Burnsville / Attn: Mr. Russell Fox, Councilman
Address: P.O. Box 97
Burnsville, NC 28714
Telephone Number: 828-682-2420
Location description: The proposed sewer line proiect and wastewater treatement plant is generally located along State
Roads 1307, 1186, and US 19E, in Shoal Creek, Little Crabtree Creek, Ayles Creek, and the South Toe River, near
Micaville, in Yancey County, NC.
Description of projects area and activity: This permit authorizes impacts to stream channels associated with installation
of the remaining sewer lines from a Dreviously issued authorization dated June 10. 2014. Temporary impacts
authorized total approximately 90 linear feet of stream channels (see attached table summary and plan sheets). All
other Dreviously authorized impacts have been comDleted and therefore not Dart of this hermit re -authorization. See
Special Conditions below:
1. In -stream work is prohibited from January 1 to April 15 to avoid impacts to Rainbow Trout spawning.
2. Tree clearing within the construction corridor is prohibited from June 1 to July 31 to avoid impacts during the maternity
roosting season of the federally threatened Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis).
3. In order to avoid potential adverse affects to the federally endangered mussell Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta
raveneliana) and its designated critical habitat, all conservation measures, reasonable and prudent measures, and terms and
conditions of the attached Biological Opinion dated May 28, 2014 are attached as special conditions of this permit and a copy
of the Biological Opinion is included for reference.
Applicable Law: ® Section 404 (Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1344)
❑ Section 10 (Rivers and Harbors Act, 33 USC 403)
Authorization: Regional General Permit Number or Nationwide Permit Number: 12
SEE ATTACHED RGP or NWP GENERAL, REGIONAL and SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Your work is authorized by the above referenced permit provided it is accomplished in strict accordance with the
attached conditions, above noted special conditions, and your submitted application and attached information/plans.
Any violation of the attached conditions or deviation from your submitted plans may subject the permittee to a stop
work order, a restoration order, a Class I administrative penalty, and/or appropriate legal action.
This verification will remain valid until the expiration date identified below unless the nationwide/regional authorization is
modified, suspended or revoked. If, prior to the expiration date identified below, the nationwide/regional permit authorization
is reissued and/or modified, this verification will remain valid until the expiration date identified below, provided it complies
with all requirements of the modified nationwide/regional permit. If the nationwide/regional permit authorization expires or is
suspended, revoked, or is modified, such that the activity would no longer comply with the terms and conditions of the
nationwide/regional permit, activities which have commenced (i.e., are under construction) or are under contract to commence
in reliance upon the nationwide/regional permit, will remain authorized provided the activity is completed within twelve months
of the date of the nationwide/regional permit's expiration, modification or revocation, unless discretionary authority has been
exercised on a case-by-case basis to modify, suspend or revoke the authorization.
Activities subject to Section 404 (as indicated above) may also require an individual Section 401 Water Quality Certification.
You should contact the NC Division of Water Resources (telephone [phone]) to determine Section 401 requirements.

For activities occurring within the twenty coastal counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area Management Act
(LAMA), prior to beginning work you must contact the N.C. Division of Coastal Management.
This Department of the Army verification does not relieve the permittee of the responsibility to obtain any other required
Federal, State or local approvals/permits.
If there are any questions regarding this verification, any of the conditions of the Permit, or the Corps of Engineers regulatory
program, please contact Amanda Jones at 828-271-7980, ext. 4225 or [e-mail].
FUEMMELER.AMAN Digitally signed by
DA.JONES.1242835 FUEMMELER.AMANDAJONE5.124
2835090
Corps Regulatory Official: 090 Date: 2019.05310820:14-04'00' Date: May 31, 2019
Amanda Jones
Expiration Date of Verification: March 18, 2022
CF: Withers Ravenel / Attn: Randy Hintz (via email)
USFWS, Asheville Field Office / Attn: Bryan Tompkins (via email)
NCDEQ / Attn: Andrew Moore (via email)

Action ID Number: SAW -2010-00378 County: Yancey
Permittee: East Yancey Water & Sewer District / Attn: Ms. Lynn Austin
Project Name: Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewer System Project Re -authorization
Date Verification Issued: May 31, 2019
Project Manager: Amanda Jones
Upon completion of the activity authorized by this permit and any mitigation required by the permit,
sign this certification and return it to the following address:
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Attn.: Amanda Jones
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Please note that your permitted activity is subject to a compliance inspection by a U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers representative. Failure to comply with any terms or conditions of this authorization may
result in the Corps suspending, modifying or revoking the authorization and/or issuing a Class I
administrative penalty, or initiating other appropriate legal action.
I hereby certify that the work authorized by the above referenced permit has been completed in
accordance with the terms and condition of the said permit, and required mitigation was completed in
accordance with the permit conditions.
Signature of Permittee Date

NT OF
W°� e� United States Department of the Interior
0
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
gkOM ea-�e° Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
May 28, 2014
Mr. Scott Jones
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Dear Mr. Jones:
Subject: Biological Opinion for the East Yancey Water and Sewer District's Proposed
Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewer System Project, East of Burnsville, Yancey
County, North Carolina, and Its Effects on the Federally Endangered Appalachian
Elktoe and Its Designated Critical Habitat (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Action
ID No. 2010-00378)
This document transmits the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service) Biological Opinion
(Opinion) based on our review of the Biological Assessment (BA) on the effects of the East
Yancey Water and Sewer District's proposed wastewater treatment plant (W WTP) and sewer
system project on the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and
its designated critical habitat in accordance with section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (Act)
of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) (Act).
This Opinion is based on information provided in the January 17, 2014, BA; other available
literature; personal communications with experts on the federally endangered Appalachian
elktoe; meetings; site visits; and other sources of information. A complete administrative record
of this consultation is on file at this office.
CONSULTATION HISTORY
February 11, 1997 — The Service received a copy of a letter from the Region D Council of
Governments (RDCG) requesting an environmental review for a Community Development
Block Grant (CDBG) Economic Development Grant for the proposed project.
March 26, 1997 - The Service sent a response letter to the RDCG with concerns about the
potential impacts of the project on the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe.

July 21, 1997 — The Service received a copy of a letter from McGill Associates (McGill) to the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce — Economic Development Administration (EDA) stating their
disagreement with the EDA's finding of significant environmental impact for the project.
August 8, 1997 — The Service received a letter from the EDA to the Town of Burnsville
supporting and justifying the Finding of Significant Environmental Impact associated with the
location of Burnsville's proposed W WTP on the South Toe River. The letter included numerous
concerns justifying the determination.
January 23, 1998 — The Service received a copy of a letter from the RDCG requesting an
environmental review for a CDBG Economic Development Grant for the proposed project. The
letter noted that the proposed location for the W WTP had changed and that the new site for the
W WTP and outfall would be located on the North Toe River, downstream of its confluence with
the South Toe River.
February 20, 1998 —The Service sent a response letter to the RDCG with concerns about the
potential impacts of the project on the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe and to streams
and wetlands within the project area.
June 3, 1999 — The Service received a letter from the RDCG requesting an environmental review
of an EDA grant for the Town of Burnsville to construct a W WTP and outfall on the North Toe
River.
July 1, 1999 — The Service sent a response letter to the RDCG stating our concerns for the
proposed project and requesting additional information about the project.
August 11, 2004 — The Service received a copy of the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources' (NCDENR) fact sheet for National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit development for a W WTP discharge into the South Toe
River.
September 10, 2004 — The Service sent a response letter to the NCDENR with comments based
on the information included in the fact sheet. The letter also included recommendations to
minimize the impacts of the project on the water quality of the South Toe River, the Appalachian
elktoe, and its designated critical habitat.
February 24, 2005 — The Service received a fax copy of the draft NPDES permit for discharge
into the South Toe River.
February 25, 2005 — The Service attended a meeting with the NCDENR and North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (NC WRC) to discuss the impacts of the project on water quality
and federally listed species, project alternative treatments, outfall location, and in -stream
monitoring. At that meeting the Service received a copy the alternatives cost analysis portion of
the Environmental Alternatives Analysis (EAA) developed by McGill for the proposed project.

July 2005 — The Service received a copy of the revised EAA and Nationwide Permit (NWP)
No. 12 application submitted by the EYWSD. The NWP No. 12 application was submitted for
the gravity sewer line portion of the project only. The application did not contain information on
the proposed impacts for the W WTP, outfall, or access road.
August 31, 2005 — The Service provided comments to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
based on a review of the EAA and the NWP No. 12 application. The letter included concerns
about the impacts of the project on the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe and requested an
analysis of the cumulative and indirect impacts of the project.
September 29, 2005 — The Service received a copy of a letter from McGill in response to the
concerns stated in the Service's letter of August 31, 2005.
October 27, 2005 — The Service sent a letter to the Corps stating our concerns with their
proposed determination that the project will have "no effect" on Appalachian elktoe. The letter
strongly disagreed with the Corps' proposed "no effect" determination, included
recommendations to minimize the impacts of the project, and requested that the Corps conduct
an analysis of the potential indirect and cumulative impacts of the project. The letter also
included a request for a meeting with all agencies involved in the review process (NCDENR,
Corps, and NCWRC).
November 10, 2005 — The Corps issued an NWP No. 12 to the EYWSD for the construction of
gravity sewer lines for 267 linear feet (10 of impacts associated with 16 stream crossings and a
"no effect" determination for the project for the impacts to the Appalachian elktoe.
June 21, 2006 — A mussel survey and dye study were conducted at the proposed outfall location
in the South Toe River. Two live Appalachian elktoe mussels were found in close proximity to
the outfall location during the survey.
February 2010 — The Service received a copy of a reapplication letter and NWP No. 12
application. The letter indicated that a reapplication was necessary because the NWP No. 12
issued in 2005 had expired. Two previously proposed stream crossings were removed and the
W WTP outfall was included in the impact total. The application did not include impacts
associated with the access road or sewer line to be constructed directly adjacent to the South Toe
River.
March 31, 2010 — Telephone conversation with the Corps requesting a site visit and meeting with
all parties to discuss the project. The Service also recommended that mussel surveys be
conducted at the proposed outfall location in the South Toe River.
April 27, 2010 — The Service provided a letter to the Corps that included comments on the NWP
No. 12 renewal application. The letter included a request to review alternatives to the proposed
W WTP and outfall location, recommendations to minimize potential impacts of the project, and
recommended a determination of "may affect, likely to adversely affect" for the Appalachian
elktoe for the "single and complete" project (gravity sewer lines, W WTP, and outfall).

June 25, 2010 —The Service received a letter from the Corps in response to the Service's
April 27, 2010, comment letter. The letter from the Corps indicated that the outfall structure in
the South Toe River would require a "may affect" determination; however, the determination on
the remainder of the project (gravity sewer line; indirect, secondary, and cumulative impacts)
would remain unchanged from the 2005 permit issuance. Informal consultation was requested to
"arrive at appropriate measures for protection of the species and the designated critical habitat."
June 30, 2010 — The Service received a copy of the draft renewal of the NPDES permit from
NCDENR.
July 27, 2010 — The Service provided comments based on the draft NPDES permit to NCDENR.
The letter included recommendations for in-stream monitoring, ammonia limits, and ultraviolet
light (UV) disinfectant treatment.
January 5, 2011 — E-mail correspondence between the Service and McGill regarding survey
parameters and recommendations for the survey to be conducted at the outfall location in the
South Toe River. -
January 19, 2012 — The Service received a phone call from a private citizen regarding
construction activity along the proposed gravity sewer line alignment (railroad bed) directly
adjacent to the South Toe River. The Service conducted a site visit that day and found a
construction group removing the railroad lines along the proposed alignment adjacent to the
South Toe River.
February 17, 2011 — Mussel survey conducted at the outfall location in the South Toe River.
March 7, 2011 — The Service received a copy of the mussel survey report. The survey resulted in
16 live Appalachian elktoe mussels found within the survey parameters for the outfall.
March 30, 2011 — E-mail received from Mr. Tom Augspurger (Service) that included
calculations for ammonia limits and monitoring requirements at the outfall site. The ammonia
limits for the effluent were calculated using actual pH and temperature data from the South Toe
River and were set as thresholds for the effluent that would be protective of the Appalachian
elktoe.
April 5, 2011 — The Service issued a letter to the Corps with recommendations for the outfall
construction, location, and discharge. The letter concluded informal consultation for the W WTP
and outfall portion of the project with a "not likely to adversely affect" recommendation.
April 21, 2011 — The Service received a copy of the NWP No. 12 issued by the Corps to the
EYWSD. The permit included the conditions that were included in the Service's April 5, 2011,
letter.
June 2, 2011— The Service received a copy of NCDENR's NPDES renewal permit for the South
Toe River W WTP.

April 12, 2012 — The Service received a phone call from a private citizen informing that trucks
were dumping gravel on the old railroad alignment adjacent to the South Toe River to construct a
road. The Service conducted a site visit to monitor construction activities and gather information
on the activities being conducted at the site. Project plans presented to the Corps and the Service
to date showed only a gravity sewer line being installed along the railroad alignment adjacent to
the South Toe River. However, during the site visit we became aware that an access road to the
W WTP was also proposed along the alignment.
April 25, 2012 — The Service conducted a site visit to inspect construction activities and
compliance with the NWP No. 12 and sediment- and erosion -control measures.
May 9, 2012 — Site visit conducted by the Service and McGill to discuss the proposed access
road and the three culvert stream crossings of unnamed tributaries to the South Toe River that
had been installed to construct the access road.
May 21, 2012 — The Service received a copy of a new NWP 12 application requesting an
amendment to include the replacement of the three additional culverts along the proposed access
road alignment. The plans included with the NWP No. 12 application also indicated that a pump
station was proposed for construction behind a local business located at the junction of
Highway 19 and Wyatt Town Road in Micaville. The pump station would make the main
W WTP influent line a force main instead of a gravity line as previously proposed.
June 4, 2012 — The Service received a copy of a letter from the Corps to the EYWSD rescinding
the previously issued permit due to the new information regarding the proposed access road,
force main, non -permitted impacts to streams and wetlands, and permit compliance issues. The
letter also informed the EYWSD that the Corps would reinitiate consultation with the Service as
a result of the additional impacts and new plans pertaining to project construction.
June 12, 2012 — The Service issued a comment letter based on the NWP No. 12 amendment
application. The letter included our concerns for the project's impacts on the Appalachian elktoe
and its designated critical habitat; requested a new alternatives analysis, including the new
information provided regarding the force main and access road; requested an updated alternative
cost analysis; expressed concerns with the access road location; and expressed concerns with the
loss of riparian buffer from construction of the access road. The letter also requested the
reinitiation of formal consultation based on the new information and requested an analysis (as
part of consultation) of the indirect, secondary, and cumulative impacts of the project.
June 18, 2012 — The Service attended a meeting with the Corps, McGill, and EYWSD to discuss
the consultation process, information needed to proceed with consultation, and concerns related
to the project.
July 20, 2012 — The Service and the Corps attended a meeting with McGill to discuss
alternatives to the proposed access road alignment.
August 17, 2012 — The Service attended a meeting with the Corps, and McGill to discuss the
information obtained at the July 20, 2012, meeting regarding alternative alignments for the

access road and measures that could be implemented to minimize the impacts associated with the
access road at the proposed location.
August 24, 2012 — The Service issued a letter in response to the information received at the
previous meetings. The letter included our recommendations for the relocation of the access
road and realignment of the force main outside of our recommended buffer widths along the
South Toe River. The letter also included a list of information that would be needed to complete
formal consultation if the applicant chose to keep the existing sewer line and access road
alignment along the South Toe River.
September 28, 2012 — The Service conducted a site visit to review construction activity.
Unauthorized/unpermitted impacts (from the section of gravity sewer line being installed) to
aquatic resources were found and reported to the Corps.
December 19, 2012 — The Service received a copy of the updated NWP No. 12 application
(indicating additional impacts along the access road and gravity sewer line alignment) and a draft
copy of the BA. The BA concluded that the project as proposed was "not likely to adversely
affect' the Appalachian elktoe or its designated critical habitat.
January 4, 2013 — The Service attended a meeting with the Corps to discuss the project.
Discussions about the inadequate information contained in the BA and additional impacts to
streams and wetlands that had not been permitted or included in previous NWP No. 12
applications. The Service also recommended to the Corps that consultation and review of the
project should go back to the very beginning due to new information and changes in project
plans.
January 8, 2013 — The Service conducted a site visit at the project site to observe construction
and inspect sediment- and erosion -control practices. Unauthorized/unpermitted impacts to a
wetland behind the Silver Bullet in Micaville were found and reported to the Corps.
January 11, 2013 — The Service issued an e-mail to the Corps with comments on the NWP
No. 12 application amendments and the BA. The e-mail informed the Corps of information that
would be needed in the BA but had been omitted from the December 2012 version. The e-mail
also questioned the impacts listed in the NWP No. 12 application and explained our concern that
not all aquatic impacts (stream and wetland crossings for sewer line installation) had been
included in the NWP No. 12 application.
January 15, 2013 — The Service conducted a site visit to inspect the work area and check for
permit compliance.
February 20, 2013 — The Service conducted a site visit to inspect the work area.
May 7, 2013 — The Service conducted a site visit after a recent flood event to inspect the work
area and ensure compliance with sediment basin maintenance. Several sections of sewer line
were found to have been washed into the South Toe River by the flood. This was reported to the
Corps the same day.

August 30, 2013 — The Service received a copy of the revised BA
September 17, 2013 — The Service provided an e-mail to the Corps that included comments on
the revised BA. Comments included a list of required information that was not in the BA and
discrepancies between the EAA and the BA and noted a lack of conservation measures in the
BA.
October 29, 2013 — The Service received a phone call from Congressman Mark Meadows' office
inquiring about the project and progress of the consultation.
October 30, 2013 — The Service provided an information packet via e-mail to Congressman
Meadows' office that included a timeline of events, copies of correspondences and Service
comment letters, meeting notes, and copies of past NWP No. 12 applications.
December 10, 2013 — The Service attended a meeting with McGill and Mr. Nathan Bennett
(Yancey County Manager) to discuss discrepancies in the BA, the purpose and need statement
for project, information needed to complete consultation, and conservation measures to offset
impacts of the project.
December 11, 2013 — The Service met at the project site with McGill and Mr. Bennett to review
and discuss problem areas along the access road and conservation measures that could be
included in the BA.
January 17, 2014 — The Service received a copy of the revised BA.
January 30, 2014 — The Service received a copy of a letter from the Corps indicating that the
recent edition of the BA is considered complete and requested that formal consultation be
initiated.
February 4, 2014 — The Service sent a letter to the Corps that acknowledged receipt of the Corps'
January 30, 2013, letter and accepted their request for the initiation of formal consultation.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION
As defined in the Service's section 7 regulations (50 CFR 402.02), "action" means "all activities
or programs of any kind authorized, funded, or carried out, in whole or in part, by federal
agencies in the United States or upon the high seas." The action area is defined as "all areas to
be affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and not merely the immediate area
involved in the action." In their BA, the EYWSD outlined the activities for the construction of a
public sewer system (to include a W WTP, pump station, and sewer line collection system) that
may affect the Appalachian elktoe and its designated critical habitat in the action area.

The EYWSD proposes to: (1) construct a new 125,000 -gallon -per -day (gpd) tertiary W WTP
with UV disinfectant; (2) construct an access road to the W WTP adjacent to the South Toe
River; (3) construct a main influent pump station; (4) install about 4,900 If of 8 -inch force sewer
main from the pump station to the W WTP; and (5) install about 22,000 If of 12 -inch gravity
sewer line and 12,000 If of 8 -inch gravity sewer line.1
The 125,000-gpd W WTP has been constructed on a 2.0 -acre section of an 8.25 -acre site owned
by Yancey County. The site is primarily forested. The site is directly adjacent to the South Toe
River, and an outfall will be constructed from the W WTP to mid -channel of the South Toe River.
The treated effluent will be discharged through a diffuser at the outfall location.
The access road to the W WTP has been constructed along the old railroad alignment that
parallels the South Toe River. The 2,000 -Foot -long access road is about 15 feet wide with an
additional 10 feet of width that will be removed upon completion of the project. About 50,000
square feet (25 feet wide by 2,000 feet long), or 1.15 acres, of land has been disturbed to
construct the access road. The distance of the road to the South Toe River ranges from 15 to
80 feet. Three existing culverts in unnamed tributaries to the South Toe River have been
replaced to construct the access road.
The pump station will be constructed near the intersection of Wyatt Town Road and
U.S. Highway 19 in Micaville. The pump station will receive wastewater from the gravity lines
and will pump the wastewater through about 4,900 If of 8 -inch ductile force main. All but about
500 If of the force main sewer lines have been installed. The force main sewer line alignment
runs northward from the pump station along the west shoulder of Wyatt Town Road and along
the proposed access road to the W WTP. A total of two stream crossings (one in an unnamed
tributary to Little Crabtree Creek and one in an unnamed tributary to the South Toe River) have
been identified along the force main route. The force main has been installed under the three
culverts that have been replaced along the access road to the W WTP.
The gravity sewer line collection system is composed of about 22,0001£ of 12 -inch lines located
generally parallel to Little Crabtree Creek from the proposed pump station site westward to the
Town of Burnsville. About 12,000 If of 8 -inch gravity interceptor generally parallels Ayles
Creek and Highway 80 southward from Micaville to the Hickory Springs Manufacturing facility.
Twenty six stream crossings (about 266 If of stream impacts) and two wetland crossings (about
0.13 acre of wetland impacts) will be necessary to complete the construction of the gravity
collection system. With the exception of 2,500 If, all of the gravity sewer line collection system
iConstruction of this project began in January 2012 after the Corps' issuance of an N WP No. 12 in April 2011. In
June 2012, the Corps rescinded the verification of the N WP No. 12 due to changes in project plans and
non -permitted impacts to aquatic resources, thereby suspending any activities permitted under the NwP No, 12
issued in 2011. However, construction had begun on a large portion of the project, including 14 sewer line stream
crossings, 1 sewer line wetland crossing, about 23,400 If of sewer collection lines (gravity and force main), the
access road, and the W WTP building. A number of the sewer line stream crossings that were installed were not
authorized in the N WP No. 12 previously issued by the Corps. Though the Corps suspended use of the NWP
No. 12, work on the project (outside of jurisdictional waters of the U.S.) continued to the present. Since that time,
construction on the W WTP has been completed, and a majority of the remaining gravity collection sewer lines have
been installed.

has been installed, and 10 of the 26 proposed gravity sewer line stream crossings have been
completed. The gravity sewer line system design consists of a 15 -foot -wide permanent easement
and an additional 10 -foot -wide temporary construction easement along all segments of the
proposed collection system. Super silt fence has been installed along the entire collection system
at the edge of the right-of-way between the construction area and any down -gradient waterways.
A. Action Area
The action area should be determined based on consideration of all direct and indirect effects of
the proposed action (50 CFR 402.2 and 402.14(h)(2)). The action area for this project is the
entire EYWSD service area, which is comprised of about 4,000 acres of land located south and
east of the Town of Burnsville. The action area also consists of the area from the intersection of
Wyatt Town Road and U.S. Highway 19 to the 8.25 -acre W WTP site, which includes a section
of Little Crabtree Creek from Micaville to its confluence with the South Toe River and the South
Toe River from its confluence with Little Crabtree Creek to about 2001f below the proposed
outfall of the W WTP. The action area generally includes the specific locations where
construction activities are planned to occur as well as the extent of potential sewer collection
system expansions into the EYWSD.
B. Conservation Measures
Conservation measures represent actions, pledged in the project description, that the action
agency will implement in order to minimize the effects of the proposed action and further the
recovery of the species under review. The EYWSD incorporated measures such as increased
erosion and sediment controls and stormwater management to avoid and/or minimize potential
impacts to the Appalachian elktoe into the design and implementation plans for the project.
The following conservation measures are proposed by the EYWSD to avoid and/or minimize
potential impacts to the Appalachian elktoe from construction activities. These measures have
been incorporated into the design and implementation plans for the W WTP and sewer collection
system project.
1. Erosion -control measures will exceed the standard Best Management Practices as
required by the North Carolina Division of Energy Mining and Land Resources
(NCDEMLR). A minimum 25 -foot setback from the top of the streambank will
be delineated and maintained along the entire project area.
2. All silt fencing used on the project will follow the "super silt fence" details as
described by NCDEMLR. Silt fencing will be maintained and used until all
construction has been completed and all disturbed areas have been revegetated
and stabilized.
3. Erosion -control devices shall be installed immediately following any clearing
operation and before any other work begins.

4. Seeding and mulching shall be performed on the areas disturbed by construction
within 24 hours following final grade establishment. A native seed mix will be
used for revegetation of cleared areas.
5. A special polymer injection system with silt bags will be used in areas where
trenches have to be dewatered and pumped down during the installation of sewer
pipelines.
6. All sedimentation- and erosion -control measures throughout the action area must
be cleaned of sediment buildup and maintained in order to ensure proper function
of the measures.
7. Boulders will be placed at the outfall area of the culvert located at the intersection
of Wyatt Town Road and the W WTP access mad. The culvert discharges flow
directly onto the streambank of the South Toe River. The boulders will be used to
create a splash pad and plunge pool to minimize the potential for erosion of the
streambank.
8. Stormwater at the W WTP site will be directed in a diverging pattern in order to
allow overland flow through the riparian buffer area prior to reaching the South
Toe River. A riprap settling area will be installed at the stormwater pipe
discharge located at the gated entrance to the W WTP site to allow any sediment
being transported from the site to be trapped and collected. Material will be
removed during maintenance activities. The inspection and maintenance schedule
will follow the guidelines as described in Appendix E --East Yancey Water and
Sewer District Wastewater Treatment Plant Access Road Operation and
Maintenance Plan --of the BA.
9. Any existing private septic systems that are identified as failing within reasonable
proximity to the proposed project will be required to connect to the public sewer
as a matter of public health and safety. No new permits will be issued for on-site
systems for any development within reasonable proximity to the proposed system.
10. A Service biologist will be informed of preconstruction meetings and field
inspections to cover permit conditions and discuss any questions the contractor
and/or EYWSD has regarding implementation of this project.
11. An additional mussel survey will be conducted (under the supervision of an
individual permitted by the Service or NCWRC to conduct surveys for live
Appalachian elktoe mussels) at the outfall location about 3 days prior to
construction of the outfall to ensure that no Appalachian elktoes occur within the
outfall and cofferdam footprint. If mussels are found within the construction area,
the location of the outfall pipe and cofferdam will be adjusted to avoid impacts to
any Appalachian elktoe mussels. A representative of the Service should be on site
during the preconstruction survey.
10

12. Any and all material used to construct the cofferdam during the outfall
construction shall be free and clean of debris and/or dust. The cofferdam shall be
no larger than 8 feet in width and will extend no further than halfway across the
river. All material must be removed from the river after construction is complete.
13. Disinfection of the wastewater at the W WTP will be achieved using a
UV disinfection process. The W WTP will also have a tertiary filtration system
implemented to assure adequate treatment from the UV disinfection process.
14. An effluent diffuser will be constructed on the outfall to aid in mixing and
promote dispersion of the effluent across the entire width of the river in order to
avoid areas of high effluent concentrations.
15. In-stream ammonia monitoring will occur year round, with seasonal monitoring
frequencies. In the summer (April 1 through October 31), sample frequency is
weekly; in the winter (November 1 through March 31), it is twice each month.
Samples, from about 25 feet upstream and downstream of the outfall, will be
taken at the same time (allowing time to move between sample locations).
16. The Corps and Service will be notified and consultation between the Corps and
the Service will be reinitiated immediately if ammonia levels from a single
in-stream monitoring event exceed 4.3 mg/L or if ammonia levels from two
consecutive in-stream monitoring events within a 30-day period exceed 0.3 mg/L.
17. The erosion-control plan will be in place prior to any ground disturbance. When
needed, combinations of erosion-control measures (such as silt bags in
combination with a stilling basin) will be used to ensure that the most protective
measures are being implemented.
18. A guardrail will be constructed along the main entrance of the W WTP access
road to mitigate for the possibility of vehicular accidents directly into the South
Toe River.
19. The Access Road Maintenance Plan submitted by the EYWSD will be strictly
adhered to. The plan (Appendix E in the BA) documents the level and frequency
of inspection along the access road, outlines the maintenance activities allowed
for the route, etc.
20. The use of deicers or chemicals on the access road during inclement weather is
prohibited.
21. Should a wastewater spill occur at the W WTP or within the collection system, the
EYWSD will strictly adhere to the Sanitary Overflow and Wastewater Spillage
Response Plan included in Appendix C in the BA. As stated in the plan, the
EYWSD will contact the Service immediately should a spill occur.
11

II. STATUS OF THE SPECIES AND ITS CRITICAL HABITAT
A. Species Description, Life History, and Critical Habitat Description
The Appalachian elktoe has a thin, kidney -shaped shell, reaching up to about 4.0 inches
in length. Juveniles generally have a yellowish -brown periostracum (outer shell
surface), while the periostracum of the adults is usually dark brown to greenish -black in
color. Although rays me prominent on some shells, particularly in the posterior portion
of the shell, many individuals have only obscure greenish rays. The shell nacre (inside
shell surface) is shiny, often white to bluish -white, changing to a salmon, pinkish, or
brownish color in the central and beak cavity portions of the shell; some specimens
may be marked with irregular brownish blotches.
The Appalachian elktoe has been reported from relatively shallow, medium-sized
creeks and rivers with cool, clean, well -oxygenated, moderate- to fast -flowing water.
The species is most often found in riffles, runs, and shallow -flowing pools with stable,
relatively silt -free, coarse sand and gravel substrate associated with cobble, boulders,
and/or bedrock (Gordon 1991; Service 1994, 1996, 2002). Stability of the substrate
appears to be critical to the Appalachian elktoe, and the species is seldom found in
stream reaches with accumulations of silt or shifting sand, gravel, or cobble (Service
2002). Individual specimens that have been encountered in these areas are believed to
have been scoured out of upstream areas during periods of heavy rain and have not
been found on subsequent surveys (Service 2002).
Like other freshwater mussels, the Appalachian elktoe feeds by filtering food particles
from the water column. The specific food habits of the species are unknown, but other
freshwater mussels have been documented to feed on detritus (decaying organic
matter), diatoms (various minute algae) and other algae and phytoplankton
(microscopic floating aquatic plants), and zooplankton (microscopic floating aquatic
animals). The reproductive cycle of the Appalachian elktoe is similar to that of other
native freshwater mussels. Males release sperm into the water column, and the sperm
are then taken in by the females through their siphons during feeding and respiration.
The females retain the fertilized eggs in their gills until the larvae (glochidia) fully
develop. The mussel glochidia are released into the water and, within a few days, must
attach to the appropriate species of fish, which they then parasitize for a short time
while they develop into juvenile mussels. They then detach from their fish host and
sink to the stream bottom where they continue to develop, provided they land in a
suitable substrate with the correct water conditions. The banded sculpin (Cottus
carolinae) was identified as a host species for glochidia of the Appalachian elktoe at
the time the elktoe was listed, and the mottled sculpin (C. bairdi) was identified as a
host species soon after the listing (Service 2002). Dr. Jim Layzer (Tennessee
Technological University, unpublished data) has recently identified eight additional
species of fish that successfully transformed glochidia of the Appalachian elktoe into
juveniles under laboratory condition. These eight species include the wounded darter
(Etheostoma vulneratum), greenfin darter (E. chlorohranchium), greenside darter
12

(E. blenniodes), river chub (Nocomis micropogon), northern hogsucker (Hypentilum
nigracans), central stoneroller (Campostoma ammialum), longnose dace (Rhinichthys
cataractae), and rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides). The life span and many
other aspects of the Appalachian elktoe's life history are currently unknown.
Critical habitat was designated for the Appalachian elktoe in 2002 (Service 2002). The
areas designated as critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe total 144.3 miles of
various segments of rivers in North Carolina and one river in Tennessee. Critical
habitat identifies specific areas that are essential to the conservation of a listed species
and that may require special management considerations or protection. Section 7(a)(2)
of the Act requires that each federal agency shall, in consultation with the Service,
ensure that any action authorized, funded, or carried out by such agency is not likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of an endangered or threatened species or result in
the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.
The following constituent elements are part of the critical habitat designation and are
essential to the conservation of the Appalachian elktoe:
1. Permanent, flowing, cool, clean water;
2. Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks;
3. Pool, riffle, and run sequences within the channel;
4. Stable sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder or bedrock substrates with no more than
low amounts of fine sediment;
5. Moderate to high stream gradient;
6. Periodic natural flooding; and
7. Fish hosts, with adequate living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
In the Nolichucky River basin, critical habitat is designated for the Appalachian elktoe
in the main stem of the Nolichucky River, Cane River, Toe River, South Toe River, and
North Toe River.
B. Status and Distribution
The Appalachian elktoe is known only from the mountain streams of western North
Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Although the complete historical range of the
Appalachian elktoe is unknown, available information suggests that the species once
lived in the majority of the rivers and larger creeks of the upper Tennessee River
system in North Carolina, with the possible exception of the Hiawassee and Watauga
River systems (the species has not been recorded from either of these river systems). In
13

Tennessee, the species is known only from its present range in the main stem of the
Nolichucky River.
Currently, the Appalachian elktoe has a fragmented, relict distribution. The species
survives in scattered pockets of suitable habitat in portions of the Little Tennessee
River system, Pigeon River system, Mills River, Cheoah River, and Little River in
North Carolina and the Nolichucky River system in North Carolina and Tennessee.
Nolichucky River system: In the Nolichucky River system, at the time of listing, the
Appalachian elktoe was known to be surviving in only a few scattered areas of suitable
habitat in the Nolichucky River in North Carolina downstream to the vicinity of the city
of Erwin, Tennessee, and the Toe River and lower Cane River in North Carolina
(Service 1994). Since listing, monitoring surveys conducted by the Service, NCWRC,
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), Tennessee Valley Authority,
and other researchers have also documented the species in the North Toe River
(McGrath 1996, 1999; Service 2002), South Toe River (John Fridell, Service, personal
observation, 1998, 2000; Steve Fraley, NCWRC, personal communication, 1999;
Service 2002), and further up the Cane River (Service 2002) in North Carolina. This
represents a significant increase in range and numbers within the Nolichucky River
system for this population. However, in September 2004, flooding associated with the
remnants of Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne resulted in streambank erosion and
stream -channel scour in several areas in the upper Nolichucky River system,
significantly reducing the species' numbers and distribution at several sites throughout
this river system (Fraley and Simmons 2004). Fraley and Simmons (2004) reported
decreases in numbers of the Appalachian elktoe at nearly all of the sites they surveyed.
They also reported that they failed to detect the Appalachian elktoe in the Cane and
South Toe Rivers at sites that represented the upstream limit of their distribution prior
to flooding; however, they noted that only a single individual had been found at each of
these sites during previous surveys and that these individuals may have been lost or
may have not been detected during the post -flood surveys. Also, in April 2008 The
Catena Group (Catena) reported an on-going fish kill in the Cane River below the
Burnsville W WTP (Tim Savidge, Catena, personal communication, 2008). Available
evidence indicates that the W WTP had been experiencing problems with their treatment
tank and had been discharging untreated wastewater into the river since at least March
2008 (Roy Davis, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, personal communication,
2008). Follow-up surveys by biologists with the Service, NCWRC, and Catena failed
to find any live mussels in the river for approximately 19 miles below the W WTP
discharge; only seven live Appalachian elktoes were found in the river near the
confluence of the Cane and Toe Rivers (Fraley, personal communication, 2008), and
two live Appalachian elktoes were recorded in the river immediately above the W WTP
discharge (Fridell, Service, personal observation, 2008).
Little Tennessee River population: The Little Tennessee River population occupies the
reach of the river between the dam at Lake Emory, below the city of Franklin, North
Carolina, and the backwaters of Fontana Reservoir, also in North Carolina (Service
1994, 1996, 2002; McGrath 1999). Up- and downstream expansion of this population
14

is prevented by these reservoirs. At the time of listing and until just recently, this had
been considered the healthiest population of the Appalachian elktoe in terms of overall
numbers, number of year classes represented, quality of habitat, etc. However, recent
surveys conducted by biologists with the NCWRC have documented a substantial
decline in the numbers of Appalachian elktoes at several sites scattered throughout the
occupied reach of the river (Fraley, personal communication, 2006). The cause(s) of
this decline is(are) presently unknown, but the decline appears to be continuing; several
weak/dying Appalachian elktoes were observed in the river during monitoring surveys
for the spotfin chub (Errmonax monachus) by the NCWRC; Conservation Fisheries,
Inc.; and the Service in the spring of 2008 (Fridell, personal observation, 2008). Also
in 2004, hundreds of Appalachian elktoes and other mussel species were found dead in
a short reach of the river immediately below the dam at Lake Emory (Mark Cantrell,
Service, personal communication, 2004). The cause of this kill is unknown, but a local
resident reported smelling a strong chlorine odor in the area the day before the kill was
discovered. A large portion (approximately 4,600 acres) of the land bordering the reach
of the Little Tennessee River that supports the Appalachian elktoe was purchased
through a cooperative effort by the Little Tennessee River Watershed Association,
NCWRC, North Carolina Clean Water Management Trust Fund, The Nature
Conservancy, Service, and other conservation organizations and has been turned over to
the NCWRC to manage. However, tributary headwaters and a long reach of the Little
Tennessee River above Lake Emory are almost entirely in private ownership.
Sedimentation from development and other land -disturbing activities, and possibly
other pollutants from wastewater and stormwater discharges, continue to adversely
affect the habitat and water quality in the protected reach of the river.
Tuckasegee River population: Prior to listing, surveys in the Tuckasegee River system
failed to detect the presence of the Appalachian elktoe; this population was first
discovered in 1996 (Cantrell, personal communication, 1996). This population occurs
in scattered areas of suitable habitat from below the town of Cullowhee, North
Carolina, downstream to Bryson City, North Carolina (Fridell, personal observation,
1996, 1997; McGrath 1998; Savidge, personal communication, 2001; Fraley 2002).
Upstream expansion of this population is restricted by cold -water discharges and
peaking operations from hydropower facilities in the headwaters of the Tuckasegee
River and by Bryson Dam on the Oconaluftee River, which presents a physical barrier a
short distance upriver from the confluence of the Oconaluftee River with the
Tuckasegee River (Fraley 2002). Recent surveys conducted by the Service and
NCWRC indicate this population has remained stable or increased in numbers since its
discovery. In addition, through a relicensing agreement with the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission and Duke Power, a small hydroelectric dam located on the
Tuckasegee River in the city limits of Dillsboro, North Carolina, was removed in 2010;
and monitoring indicates the species is beginning to reoccupy the approximately
0.9 -mile reach of the river formerly impounded by the dam.
Cheoah River population: A single live individual and one shell of the Appalachian
elktoe was discovered in the Cheoah River, North Carolina, below Santeetlah Dam in
2000 (Wendell Pennington, Pennington and Associates, Inc., personal communication,
15

2000). Subsequent surveys in 2002, 2003, and 2004 by biologists with the NCDOT,
NCWRC, U.S. Forest Service, the Service, and others recorded additional live
individuals from the river below Santeetlah Dam, but there were less than 20 in each
survey (Savidge, personal communication, 2002; Fridell, personal observation, 2002;
Cantrell, personal communication, 2005). Upstream expansion of this population is
blocked by Santeetlah Dam and downstream expansion by a series of impoundments on
the Little Tennessee River (including Calderwood Reservoir at the mouth of the
Cheoah River). Water from Sameetlah Reservoir is piped (bypassed) downstream to a
powerhouse located near the confluence of the Cheoah River with the Little Tennessee
River. Suitable Appalachian elktoe habitat in this bypassed reach of the Cheoah was
limited by the reducedtaltered flows and unsuitable substrate; in most areas of the
bypassed reach the substrate is comprised primarily of cobble, boulder, and bedrock,
substrates too large for the elktoe. As a result, this population appears to be very small
and restricted primarily to two short reaches of the river. However, through a recent
relicensing agreement, Tapoco Power Company has agreed to maintain minimum flows
from the dam that closely approximate flows in the river prior to construction of the
dam and to add coarse sand and gravel to the river channel below the dam to help
improve the quality of the substrate. In addition, the NCWRC and the Service are
working together to augment this population though it will likely be several years
before it can be determined how successful these measures will be in improving the
Appalachian elktoe population in the river.
Pigeon River system population: In the Pigeon River system in North Carolina, a small
population of the Appalachian elktoe occurs at scattered sites in a short reach of the
Pigeon River from Canton, North Carolina, upstream to the confluence of the West and
East Fork Pigeon Rivers, upstream a short distance in the East Fork Pigeon River,
upstream in the West Fork Pigeon River to approximately 3.2 kilometers (2.0 river
miles) downstream of the confluence of the Little East Fork River (Fridell, personal
observation, 1999; McGrath 1999; Service 2002; Fraley and Simmons 2006).
Additional monitoring of this population is needed to determine long-term population
trends.
Little River/French Broad River population: The Little River population was
discovered in 2000 (Fridell, personal observation, 2000) and is restricted to the reach of
the river below the powerhouse at Cascade Lake and a reach of the French Broad River
downstream of the mouth of the Little River (Fraley, personal communication, 2005).
Additional monitoring surveys are needed to determine long-term population trends,
but the limited work that has been conducted indicates that this population has
increased in size since it was first discovered.
Mills River population: The Mills River population was discovered in 2003 (Savidge,
personal communication, 2003). In the Mills River, the Appalachian elktoe occurs in a
short reach of the river from just above the Highway 280 Bridge to about 1.6 kilometers
(I river mile) below the bridge (Jeff Simmons, NCWRC, personal communication,
2004). This appears to be a small population, occurring only at scattered locations
within this river reach. One of the sites previously supporting the species was recently
16

disturbed by a trenched sewer line crossing of the river (the species was relocated from
this site prior to the construction). Several sites within the occupied reach were
destabilized by the floods of September 2004, requiring relocation of the species from
these general areas to allow for in -stream restoration activities necessary to repair the
storm damage. Additional monitoring is needed to determine the success of the
relocations and restoration work and the long-term population trends.
Extirpated site - Historically, the Appalachian elktoe has been recorded from Tulula
Creek (Tennessee River drainage), the main stem of the French Broad River at
Asheville, and the Swarmanoa River (French Broad River system) (Clarke 1981), but it
has apparently been eliminated (except from a small section of the main stem of the
French Broad River at the confluence of the Little River) from these streams (Service
1994, 1996). There is also a historical record of the Appalachian elktoe from the North
Fork Holston River in Tennessee (S. S. Haldeman collection); however, this record is
believed to represent a mislabeled locality (Gordon 1991). If the historical record for
the species in the North Fork Holston River is accurate, the species has apparently been
eliminated from this river as well.
Available information indicates that several factors have contributed to the decline and
loss of populations of the Appalachian elktoc and threaten the remaining populations.
These factors include pollutants in wastewater discharges (sewage treatment plants and
industrial discharges); habitat loss and alteration associated with impoundments,
channelization, and dredging operations; and the runoff of silt, fertilizers, pesticides,
and other pollutants from land -disturbing activities that were implemented without
adequate measures to control erosion and/or stormwater (Service 1994, 1996). Mussels
are known to be sensitive to numerous pollutants, including, but not limited to, a wide
variety of heavy metals, high concentrations of nutrients, ammonia, and chlorine—
pollutants commonly found in many domestic and industrial effluents (Havlik and
Marking 1987). In the early 1900s, Ortmann (1909) noted that the disappearance of
unionids (mussels) is the first and most reliable indicator of stream pollution. Keller
and Zam (199 1) concluded that mussels are more sensitive to metals than commonly
tested fish and aquatic insects. The life cycle of native mussels makes the reproductive
stages especially vulnerable to pesticides and other pollutants (Fuller 1974, Gardner
et al. 1976, Ingram 1957, Stein 1971). Effluent from sewage treatment facilities can be
a significant source of pollution that can severely affect the diversity and abundance of
aquatic mollusks. The toxicity of chlorinated sewage effluents to aquatic life is
well-documented (Bellanca and Bailey 1977, Brungs 1976, Goudreau et al. 1988, Tsai
1975), and mussel glochidia (larvae) rank among the most sensitive invertebrates in
their tolerance of the toxicants present in sewage effluents (Gaudreau et al. 1988).
Goudreau et al. (1988) found that the recovery of mussel populations may not occur for
up to 2 miles below the discharge points of chlorinated sewage effluent.
Land -clearing and -disturbance activities carried out without proper sedimentation and
stormwater control pose a significant threat to the Appalachian elktoe and other
freshwater mussels. Mussels are sedentary and are not able to move long distances to
more suitable areas in response to heavy silt loads. Natural sedimentation resulting
17

from seasonal storm events probably does not significantly affect mussels, but human
activities often create excessively heavy silt loads that can have severe effects on
mussels and other aquatic organisms. Siltation has been documented to adversely
affect native freshwater mussels, both directly and indirectly (Aldridge et at. 1987, Ellis
1936, Kat 1982, Marking and Bills 1979). Siltation degrades water and substrate
quality, limiting the available habitat for freshwater mussels (and their fish hosts),
thereby limiting their distribution and potential for the expansion and maintenance of
their populations; irritates and clogs the gills of filter -feeding mussels, resulting in
reduced feeding and respiration; smothers mussels if sufficient accumulation occurs;
and increases the potential exposure of the mussels to other pollutants. Ellis (1936)
found that less than I inch of sediment deposition caused high mortality in most mussel
species. Sediment accumulations that are less than lethal to adults may adversely affect
or prevent the recruitment of juvenile mussels into the population. Also, sediment
loading in rivers and streams during periods of high discharge is abrasive to mussel
shells. Erosion of the outer shell allows acids to reach and corrode underlying layers
that are composed primarily of calcium, which dissolves under acid conditions
(Harman 1974).
The effects of impoundments on mussels are also well-documented. For the most part,
lakes do not occur naturally in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee (most of
them are man-made); and the Appalachian elktoe, like the majority of our other native
mussels, fish, and other aquatic species in these areas, is adapted to stream conditions
(flowing, highly oxygenated water and coarse sand and gravel bottoms). Dams change
the habitat from flowing to still water. Water depth increases, flow decreases, and silt
accumulates on the bottom (Williams et al. 1992), altering the quality and stability of
the remaining stream reaches by affecting water flow regimes, velocities, temperature,
and chemistry. Cold water released from new the bottom of reservoirs lowers the water
temperature downstream, changing downstream reaches from warm- or cool -water
streams to cold -water streams, affecting their suitability for many native species that
historically inhabited these stream reaches (Miller et al. 1984, Layzer et al. 1993). The
effects of impoundments result in changes in fish communities (fish host species may
be eliminated) (Bricom 1991) and in mussel communities (species requiring clean
gravel and sand substrates are eliminated) (Bates 1962). In addition, dams result in the
fragmentation and isolation of populations of species and act as effective barriers to the
natural upstream and downstream expansion or recruitment of mussel and fish species.
The information available demonstrates that habitat deterioration resulting from
sedimentation and pollution from numerous point and nonpoint sources, when
combined with the effects of other factors (including habitat destruction, alteration, and
fragmentation resulting from impoundments, channelization projects, etc.), has played a
significant role in the decline of the Appalachian elktoe. We believe this is particularly
true of the extirpation of the Appalachian elktoe from the Swannanoa River, most of the
French Broad River, and long reaches of the Pigeon, upper Little River, and upper
Little Tennessee River systems. We believe these factors also have contributed to the
extirpation of the species from parts of the upper Tuckasegee River, Cheoah River, and
18

Tulula Creek, though the effects of impoundments are believed to have played an even
more significant role in the loss of the species in the upper reaches of these streams.
Immediate threats to the remaining populations of the Appalachian elktoe are
associated with sedimentation and other pollutants (i.e., fertilizers, pesticides, heavy
metals, oil, salts, organic wastes, etc.) from point and nonpoint sources, specifically
from wastewater treatment plants. Much of the Nolichucky River in North Carolina
contains heavy loads of sediment from past and on-going land -disturbing activities
within its watershed, and suitable habitat for the Appalachian elktoe appears to be
limited to scattered reaches in this river system. The species has not been found in the
Nolichucky River system in substrates with accumulations of silt and shifting sand; it is
restricted to scattered meas of stable, relatively clean, and gravelly substrates. The
same is true of the other surviving populations of the species.
III. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
Under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, when considering the "effects of the action" on federally listed
species, we we required to take into consideration the environmental baseline. The
environmental baseline includes past and ongoing natural factors and the past and present
impacts of all federal, state, or private actions and other activities in the action area (50 CFR
402.02), including federal actions in the area that have already undergone section 7 consultation,
and the impacts of state or private actions that are contemporaneous with the consultation in
process. The environmental baseline for this Opinion considers all projects approved prior to the
initiation of formal consultation.
Status of the Species Within the Action Area
Since the beginning of the North Carolina stream quality rating program, the South Toe River
has maintained an Excellent rating.2 The Appalachian elktoe occurs throughout the entire reach
of the South Toe River within the action area. This reach of the South Toe River is also
designated as critical habitat for Appalachian elktoe. The Appalachian elktoes that have been
found in this reach in recent surveys have all been healthy, with multiple age classes represented
in the population. A survey conducted in 2012 (2.55 man-hours) of a 100 -foot segment of
stream within the action area found 33 Appalachian elktoe mussels with lengths varying from
33.5 to 78 millimeters.
The survey (9 man-hours) conducted at the outfall location in 2011 yielded 16 live Appalachian
elktoe mussels, found within a 250 -foot reach of stream. Age distribution (size) of the mussels
was not recorded in detail because the mussels were not removed from the substrate.
rThe North Carolina Division of Water Resources conducts water -quality monitoring and assesses water -quality
trends throughout the state. One method used is the monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates within a stream. The
species richness and overall biomass, as well as the presence of various groups intolerant of water -quality
degradation, are reflections of water quality.
19

Factors Affecting the Species' Environment Within the Action Area
The North Carolina Division of Water Resources conducts water -quality monitoring and has
listed Little Crabtree Creek water quality as Fair. The primary causes for the Fair quality rating
for Little Crabtree Creek are the increased development in the watershed, which has increased
stonnwater runoff; contaminant input from urban stormwater runoff; and streambank
destabilization from a lack of adequate riparian buffers consisting of deep-rooted vegetation.
Urban and residential development has had impacts on the riparian buffers and aquatic habitat in
the action area. Because riparian areas have been cleared of trees and other woody vegetation,
recent high-water events have resulted in bank erosion and failure along Ayles Creek and Little
Crabtree Creek. Page 28 of the BA states the following:
Although no serious habitat or physical -chemical problems, independent of
exceptional drought, were prevalent throughout the entire (Nolichucky) basin,
lack of riparian vegetation was the most common deficiency shared by the
majority of streams sampled. No streams in this HUC are listed on the NC
impaired streams 303(d) list.
A major construction activity within a portion of the action area is the NCDOT's widening of
U.S. Highway 19. The project is on-going, and due to the large scale of disturbed land, it has the
potential to impact water quality within the action area. The project includes the construction of
a new bridge over the South Toe River, just upstream of the action area. Actions associated with
this project that may result in direct and indirect impacts to the Appalachian elktoe include the
installation of causeways for the construction of new structures and the demolition of an existing
structure, land clearing for access, potential toxic spills, removal of causeways after construction,
and demolition of the existing bridge structure at the South Toe River. Actions associated with
highway widening that may result in impacts to aquatic resources and the Appalachian elktoe
include the replacement or lengthening of culverts on tributaries and increases in impervious
surfaces and stomiwater runoff along the highway widening. All of these activities have the
potential to kill or injure mussels, either by crashing them; poisoning them with the release of
some toxic substance; or causing siltation, which may suffocate them and/or destroy suitable
habitat or their fish hosts. These actions may result in direct harm to individuals or negative
changes in currently suitable habitat. Formal consultation on this project between the Service
and NCDOT was concluded with the completion of a biological opinion in March 2008.
Amendments to that biological opinion were made in January 2009 and August 2013.
Another activity that has affected the baseline within the action area is the partial construction of
the EYWSD's proposed W WTP project. Construction of this project (including 13 sewer line
stream crossings, I sewer line wetland crossing, the W WTP building, the access road, and about
26,000 if of riparian buffer removal) was begun prior to the Corps' suspension of the verification
of the NWP No. 12 for the project. A number of the stream crossings and the wetland crossing
were not authorized/permitted in the NWP No. 12. Since the suspension of the NWP No. 12, no
work has been allowed or conducted in waters of the U.S. However, the EYWSD has continued
construction on the sewer collection lines, the W WTP building, and the access road.
Construction of the access road and the W WTP building has since been completed. All of these
activities had the potential to indirectly impact the water quality of streams in the action area by
20

increasing sedimentation in the streams and destabilizing streambanks. These actions may have
resulted in adverse effects to Appalachian elktoe or negative changes to currently suitable
habitat.
IV. EFFECTS OF THE ACTION
Under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, "effects of the action" refers to the direct and indirect effects of
an action on the species or critical habitat, together with the effects of other activities that are
interrelated or interdependent with that action. Indirect effects are those caused by the proposed
action that occur later in time but that are still reasonably certain to occur (50 CFR 402.02).
The federal agency is responsible for analyzing these effects. The effects of the proposed action
are added to the environmental baseline to determine the future baseline, which serves as the
basis for the determination in this Opinion. Should the effects of the federal action result in a
situation that wouldjeopardize the continued existence of the species, we may propose
reasonable and prudent alternatives that the federal agency can take to avoid a violation of
section 7(a)(2). Within the action area, the project will primarily impact (directly and indirectly)
Little Crabtree Creek, tributaries to Little Crabtree Creek (including Three Quarters Creek, Shoal
Creek, Allen Branch, George Fork Creek, Plum Branch, Bearwallow, Branch, and Cane Branch),
the South Toe River from its confluence with Little Crabtree Creek to about 200 If below the
proposed W WTP outfall location, and numerous unnamed tributaries to these streams. The
discussion that follows is our evaluation of the anticipated direct and indirect effects of the
EYWSD's proposed W WTP and sewer system project.
A. Factors to be Considered
Proximity of the Action — The highest potential for direct impacts to the Appalachian elkwe will
occur during the construction of the W WTP outfall and from the effluent that will be released
from the outfall when the W WTP becomes operational. As previously stated, 16 Appalachian
elktoes were found in the vicinity of the proposed outfall. Although measures to avoid and
minimize impacts to the South Toe River and the Appalachian elktoe are included in the project
plans, implementation of this project may result in unavoidable impacts to the Appalachian
elktoe and its habitat.
Nature of the Effect — The project will result in the loss of riparian buffer vegetation, which
could lead to increased stream temperatures and streambank destabilization. Sewer line stream
crossings will be trenched across the streams, which could discharge sediment into the streams
and create areas of streambank destabilization at the crossing sites. The proposed outfall
construction could release sediment and disturb substrate and habitat during installation. The
effluent release has the potential to introduce toxic contaminants into occupied critical habitat.
Disturbance Duratiom Frequency, and Intensit - Disturbance from the remaining construction of
the project will occur over a relatively short period of time. Riparian vegetation removal will be
conducted and stabilized through erosion -control measures and a combination of hardened work
pads, immediate seeding and mulching, or matting. However, the potential release of
contaminants and toxic compounds from the W WTP outfall has the potential to adversely affect
21

the water quality of the South Toe River for the life of the project and as long as the W WTP is
operational.
Critical Habitat - Impacts to critical habitat in the area will be from the construction of the
outfall, which will cause substrate disturbance and possible habitat loss. The effluent release into
the South Toe River will have the potential to alter water chemistry and introduce toxic
contaminants into critical habitat. Sewer line stream crossings of Little Crabtree Creek and its
tributaries have the potential for destabilizing streambanks and discharging sediment into critical
habitat.
B. Analyses of Effects of the Action
Potential Beneficial Effects —There are no potential beneficial effects related to this project.
Direct Effects — The highest potential for direct impacts to the Appalachian elktoe will occur
during the construction of the W WTP outfall and from the effluent that will be released from the
outfall when the W WTP becomes operational. Cofferdams will be placed into the river to
dewater the outfall construction area. The outfall pipe will be installed in the bed of the river to
about mid -channel. These activities have the potential to kill or injure mussels by crushing them
during outfall construction, or by poisoning them with the release of contaminants in the effluent
from the outfall. These actions may result in direct harm to individuals or negative changes in
currently suitable habitat.
Indirect Effects - Indirect effects are defined as those that are caused by the proposed action and
are later in time but are still reasonably certain to occur (50 CFR 402.02). Indirect effects to the
Appalachian elktoe may include increased sedimentation from streambank destabilization and
sediment discharge associated with the sewer line stream crossings, increased stormwater flows
and erosion from additional impervious surface associated with the construction of the access
road and the W WTP, and toxic spills from trucks hauling sludge from the W WTP,
CUMULATIVE EFFECTS
Cumulative Effects in the Action Area - Cumulative effects include the combined effects of any
future state, local, or private actions that are reasonably certain to occur within the action area
covered in this Opinion. Future federal actions that are unrelated to the proposed action are not
considered in this section because they require separate consultation pursuant to section 7 of the
Act. Because the Service is not aware of any future state, local, or private actions that are
reasonably certain to occur within the action area and which would not be subject to section 7
review, cumulative effects, as defined by the Act, will not occur and will not be addressed
further in this Opinion.
Cumulative Impacts of Incidental Take Anticipated by the Service in Previously Issued
Bioloeical Opinions — In reaching a decision as to whether the implementation of activities
outlined in the BA are likely or are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
Appalachian elktoe, we must factor into our analysis previous biological opinions issued
involving the species, especially those opinions where incidental take was presented as the area
22

of habitat disturbed. Formal consultations involving the Appalachian elktoe include the
following: (1) In 2005, Emergency Watershed Protection projects in the Mills River and the
Pigeon River; (2) In 2006, two bridge replacements on the Toe River in Mitchell and Yancey
Counties; (3) In 2008, U.S. 19 widening and bridge replacement over the Cane River; and (4) In
2010, a bridge replacement over the Pigeon River in Canton. All of these were non -jeopardy
opinions that assessed the amount of take to be "minimal."
CKU@[KRfhy (qU
After reviewing the current status of the Appalachian elktoe; the environmental baseline for the
action area; the effects of implementation of the proposed action; measures identified in the
EYWSD's BA to help minimize the potential impacts of the proposed project; previously issued
Service biological opinions; any potential interrelated and interdependent actions associated with
the proposed action; and any potential cumulative effects, it is the Service's biological opinion
that this project is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the Appalachian elktoe and
is not likely to result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE STATEMENT
Section 9 of the Act and federal regulations pursuant to section 4(d) of the Act prohibit the
taking of endangered and threatened species, respectively, without special exemption. Take is
defined as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or attempt to
engage in any such conduct. Harm is further defined by the Service to include significant habitat
modification or degradation that results in death or injury to listed species by significantly
impairing essential behavioral patterns, such as breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Harass is
defined by the Service as intentional or negligent actions that create the likelihood of injury to
listed species to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavior patterns that include,
but are not limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Incidental take is defined as take that is
incidental to, and not for the purpose of, the carrying out of an otherwise lawful activity. Under
the terms of section 7(b)(4) and section 7(o)(2), taking that is incidental to and not intended as
part of the agency action is not considered to be prohibited under the Act, provided that such
taking is in compliance with the terms and conditions of this incidental take statement. The
measures described below are nondiscretionary and must be undertaken by the Corps so that they
become binding conditions for the exemption in section 7(o)(2) to apply. The Corps has a
continuing duty to regulate the activity covered by this incidental take statement. If the Corps
(1) fails to assume and implement the terms and conditions or (2) fails to require the EYWSD to
adhere to the terms and conditions of the incidental take statement through enforceable terms that
are added to any permit or grant document, the protective coverage of section 7(o)(2) may lapse.
In order to monitor the impact of incidental take, the Corps or EYWSD must report the progress
of the action and its impact on the species to the Service as specified in the incidental take
statement (50 CFR §402.14(1)(3)).
Amount of Take Anticipated
We cannot consult under section 7 on the activities associated with the project (both permitted
and non -permitted) that have already been constructed as we are not authorized to provide `after
23

the fact' incidental take. Therefore, the completed construction of the access road, the W WTP
building, and a majority of the sewer line stream crossings cannot be included in the assessment
of the amount of take anticipated in this Opinion. These actions have become part of the
environmental baseline.
The Service anticipates that incidental take of the Appalachian elktoe from the remaining actions
will be unlikely with the strict implementation and enforcement of the conservation measures
included in this Opinion. If the aforementioned conservation measures are stringently followed,
the Service does not anticipate the remaining actions will result in any incidental take of the
Appalachian elktoe. Because take is not anticipated or authorized, a failure to implement any of
the conservation measures could result in non-compliance of this Opinion and constitute a
violation of section 9 of the Act. Further, though critical habitat within the project area
constitutes about 4 percent of the critical habitat in South Toe River basin, we do not believe the
activities described (with the implementation of all conservation measures) will result in the
destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat.
EFFECT OF THE TAKE
In this Opinion the Service has determined that this level of take is not likely to result in jeopardy
to the Appalachian elktoe or destruction or adverse modification of its critical habitat.
Reasonable and Prudent Measures
The Service believes the following reasonable and prudent measures are necessary and
appropriate to further minimize take of the Appalachian elktoe. These nondiscretionary
measures include, but are not limited to, the terms and conditions outlined in this Opinion.
1. The EYWSD will ensure that the contractor understands and follows the measures
listed in the "Conservation Measures," "Reasonable and Prudent Measures," and
"Terms and Conditions" sections of this Opinion.
2. The EYWSD will ensure that the project will not cause streambank
destabilization at locations where impacts to aquatic resources occur (sewer line
stream crossings, culvert installation, outfall construction).
3. The EYWSD will operate the W WTP and collection system in compliance with
the Clean Water Act.
4. Construction activities will be implemented consistent with measures developed to
protect the Appalachian elktoe.
5. Sediment- and erosion -control measures will be implemented to ensure that sediment
does not enter surface waters.
Em

Terms and Conditions
In order to be exempt from the prohibitions of section 9 of the Act, the EYWSD must comply
with the following terms and conditions, which implement the reasonable and prudent measures
described previously and outline required reporting and/or monitoring requirements. These
terms and conditions are nondiscretionary and apply to the remaining construction activities
associated with this project.
1. The EYWSD will ensure that the procedures listed in the "Conservation Measures,"
"Reasonable and Prudent Measures," and "Terms and Conditions" sections of this
Opinion are being implemented and that all project plans are being implemented in
a manner to ensure that the conditions of the Opinion are met.
2. The EYWSD will inform the Service about the construction date for the outfall. A
Service biologist will be present during the construction of the outfall (including the
installation and removal of any cofferdams) that will be installed in the South Toe
River in order to ensure that construction activities remain within the designated
construction boundaries.
Equipment should be kept out of the stream by operating equipment from the banks
in a fashion that minimizes disturbance to woody vegetation. The equipment
should be inspected daily and should be maintained in order to prevent the
contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or
other toxic materials. All fuels, lubricants, and other toxic materials should be
stored outside of the riparian management area of the stream, in a location where
materials can be contained. Equipment should be checked for leaks of hydraulic
fluids, cooling system liquids, and fuel and should be cleaned before fording any
stream. All fueling operations should be accomplished outside of the riparian
management area.
4. Streambanks should be monitored for destabilization at and within the area of the
newly constructed discharge pipe and at sewer line stream crossings. Monitoring
should be conducted after storm events that result in bank -full flow for a period of
2 years. If streambank destabilization occurs, the applicant will contact the Service
immediately and coordinate with the Corps and the Service regarding the repair
method and any related activities.
5. Monitor and photo -document the stream channel, 50 feet upstream to 150 feet
downstream of the outfall location for any stream -channel destabilization, such as
bed scour, head -cut, pipe exposure, etc. Additional monitoring will consist of
conducting a longitudinal profile of the reach specified above and a minimum of
three monumented cross sections. Cross sections should be set at the outfall
location, and at areas >50 feet above and below the outfall location. This
monitoring program should be conducted prior to construction of the outfall (for
baseline data) and 1, 3, and 7 years after construction. Data gathered from each
monitoring event will be compiled and provided to the Corps and the Service. If
25

stream channel destabilization occurs, the applicant will contact the Corps and the
Service immediately. Because the destabilization of the stream channel could
adversely modify occupied critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe, the
reinitiation of section 7 consultation will be required.
6. Erosion -control measures will remain in place until riparian vegetation is
reestablished at all construction areas. Where riparian areas are disturbed, they will
be revegetated and stabilized with native species within 48 hours. Native trees will
be replanted at the appropriate time of year.
7. Construction will be accomplished in a manner that prohibits wet concrete from
contacting water as it enters or flows in the river.
8. If a conservation measure is not or cannot be met, the Service should be contacted
immediately to discuss options and to help determine whether reinitiation of
consultation is necessary.
CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Section 7(a)(1) of the Act directs federal agencies to use their authorities to further the purposes
of the Act by carrying out conservation programs for the benefit of endangered and threatened
species. The following conservation recommendations are discretionary agency activities to
minimize or avoid adverse effects of a proposed action on listed species or critical habitat, to
help implement recovery plans, or to develop information:
1. Where opportunities exist, work with landowners, the general public, and other
agencies to promote education and the dissemination of information about
endangered mussels and their conservation.
2. Explore opportunities to locate areas with destabilized streambanks in the South
Toe River watershed and actively work to fund, restore, and protect any
destabilized areas.
3. Pursue opportunities to restore and conserve riparian buffers along the main stem
of the South Toe River and its tributaries, either individually or in concert with
other conservation organizations.
4. Explore opportunities to work with local and state water -quality officials in order
to minimize or eliminate sources of pollution, including wastewater and
stormwater discharges in the South Toe River watershed.
5. Pursue opportunities and funding to mitigate for impervious surface in the
watershed, and implement measures that reduce the adverse effects from
uncontrolled storm water runoff.
26

6. Consult with the Service on projects that affect aquatic habitat in the South Toe
River drainage, regardless of the funding source, to ensure compliance with all
provisions of the Act.
In order for the Service to be kept informed about actions that minimize or avoid adverse effects
or that benefit listed species or their habitats, we request notification of the implementation of
any conservation recommendations.
REINITIATION/CLOSING STATEMENT
This concludes formal consultation on the actions outlined in your BA. As provided in 50 CFR
402.16, the reinitiation of formal consultation is required where discretionary federal agency
involvement or control over the action has been retained (or is authorized by law) and if: (1) the
amount or extent of incidental take is exceeded, (2) new information reveals effects of the
agency action that may affect listed species or critical habitat in a manner or to an extent not
considered in this Opinion, (3) the agency action is subsequently modified in a manner that
causes an effect to the listed species or critical habitat not considered in this Opinion, or (4) a
new species is listed or critical habitat is designated that may be affected by the action. In
instances where the amount or extent of incidental take is exceeded, any operation causing such
take must cease, pending reinitiation.
Consultation should also be reinitiated if new biological information comes to light that
invalidates the assumptions made regarding the biology or distribution of the Appalachian elktoe
in the South Toe River in North Carolina.
If there are any questions, please contact Mr. Bryan Tompkins of our staff at 828/258-3939,
Ext. 240, or me, Ext. 223. We have assigned our log number 4-2-04-307 to this consultation;
please refer to this number in any future correspondence concerning this matter.
Sincerely,
Janet A. Mizzi
Field Supervisor
Electronic copy to:
Mr. Nathan Bennett, Yancey County Manager
Mr, Harry Buckner, McGill Associates
Regional Director, FWS, Atlanta, GA (ES, Attention: Mr. Jerry Ziewitz)
27

Literature Cited:
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suspended solids and turbulence on three species of freshwater mussels. Environmental
Pollution 1987:17-28.
Bates, J. M. 1962. The impacts of impoundment on the mussel fauna of Kentucky Reservoir,
Tennessee River. Am. Midl. Nat. 68:232-236.
Bellanca, M. A., and D. S. Bailey. 1977. Effects of chlorinated effluents on aquatic ecosystems
in the lower James River. Jour. of Water Pollution Control Federation 49(4):639-645.
Britain, J. 1991. Coastal plain fishes: Floodplain utilization and the effects of impoundments.
M.S. thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. 98 pp.
Brungs, W. A. 1976. Effects of wastewater and cooling water chlorination on aquatic life.
EPA -600/3-76-098. Nat. Tech. Info. Serv., Springfield, VA. 45 pp.
Clarke, A. H. 1981. The Tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae), Part 1: Pegias,
Alasmidonta, and Arcidens. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 326:1-101,
Ellis, M. M. 1936. Erosion silt as a factor in aquatic environments. Ecology. 17:29-42.
Fraley, S. J. 2002. Mussel surveys associated with Duke Power Nantahala Area projects in the
Little Tennessee and Hiwassee river systems. Prepared for Duke Power Engineering &
Services, Charlotte, NC. Tennessee Valley Authority, Resource Stewardship, Norris, TN.
37 pp.
Fraley, S. J., and J. W. Simmons. 2004. A Preliminary Report on Cooperative Mussel Surveys
in the Upper Nolichucky River Basin in Western North Carolina, 2002 and 2003, Draft
Report. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. Raleigh, NC. 3 pp.
------- 2006. An Assessment of Selected Rare Mussel Populations in Western North Carolina
Following Extraordinary Floods of September 2004. North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission. 40 pp.
Fuller, S. L. H. 1974. Clams and mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Pp. 215-273 in C. W. Hart, Jr.,
and S. L. H. Fuller (eds.), Pollution Ecology of freshwater invertebrates. Academic
Press, NY.
Gardner, J. A., W. R. Woodall, Jr., A. A. Staats, Jr., and J. F. Napoli. 1976. The invasion of the
Asiatic clam in the Altamaha River, Georgia. Nautilus 90(3):117-125.
Gordon, M. E. 1991. Species account for the Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana).
Unpublished report to The Nature Conservancy. 5 pp.
29

Goudreau, S. E., R. J. Neves, and R. J. Sheehan. 1988. Effects of sewage treatment effluents on
mollusks and fish of the Clinch River in Tazewell County, Virginia. Final Rep.,
U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 128 pp.
Harman, W. N. 1974. The effects of reservoir construction and channelization on the mollusks
of the upper Delaware watershed. Bull. Am. Malac. Union 1973:12-14.
Havlik, M. E., and L. L. Marking. 1987. Effects of contaminants on Naiad Mollusks
(Unionidae): A Review. U.S. Dept. of the Int., Fish and Wildl. Serv., Resource
Publ. 164. Washington, DC. 20 pp.
Ingram, W. M. 1957. Use and value of biological indicators of pollution: Freshwater clams and
snails. Pp. 94-135 in C.M. Tmzwell (ed.). Biological problems in water pollution.
USDHEW, PHS, R.A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center. Cincinnati, OH.
Kat, P. W. 1982. Effects of population density and substratum type on growth and migration of
Elliptic, complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Malacological Review 15(1-2):199-127.
Keller, A. E., and S. G. Zara. 1991. The acute toxicity of selected metals to the freshwater
mussel, Anodonra imbelecilis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:539-546.
Layzer, J. B., M. E. Gordon, and R. M. Anderson. 1993. Mussels: the forgotten fauna of
regulated rivers. A case study of the Caney Fork River. Regulated Rivers: Research and
Management 8:63-71.
Marking, L. L., and T. D. Bills. 1979. Acute effects of silt and sand sedimentation on
freshwater mussels. Pp. 204-211 in J. L. Rasmussen, ed. Proc. of the UMRCC
symposium on the Upper Mississippi River bivalve mollusks. UMRCC. Rock
Island, IL. 270 pp.
McGrath, C. 1996. Mountain Aquatic Survey. Pp. 22-26 in Annual Performance Report
Vol. V, July 1995 - June 1996, Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 185 pp.
-- --. 1998. Mountain Aquatic Survey. Pp. 12-16 in Annual Performance Report Vol. VII, July
1997 - June 1998, Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission. 184 pp.
------- 1999. Mountain Aquatic Survey. Pp. 28-36 in Annual Performance Report Vol. VIII,
July 1998 - June 1999, Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission. 225 pp.
Miller, A. C., L. Rhodes, and R. Tippit. 1984. Changes in the naiad fauna of the Cumberland
River below Lake Cumberland in central Kentucky. The Nautilus 98:107-110.
29

Ortmann, A. E. 1909. The destruction of the freshwater fauna in western Pennsylvania. Proc.
of the Amer. Phil. Sue. 48(1):90-110.
Stein, C. B. 1971. Naiad life cycles: their significance in the conservation of the fauna.
Pp. 19-25 in Jorgensen and Sharp (eds.). Proceedings of a Symposium on Rare and
Endangered Mollusks (Naiads) of the United States. U.S. Dept. of the Int., Fish and
Wildl. Serv. Bur. of Sport Fish. and Wildl.
Tsai, C. F. 1975. Effects of sewage treatment plant effluents on fish: a review of literature.
Chesapeake Res. Consort. Inc., Publ. No. 36. Center for Env. and Estuarine Studies.
Univ. of Maryland, Solomons, MD.
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Appalachian elktoe determined to be an endangered species. Federal Register
59(225):60324-60334.
------- 1996. Recovery plan for the Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) Lea.
Atlanta, GA. 31 pp.
--- --. 2002. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for
the Appalachian Elktoe. Federal Register 67(188):61016-61040.
Williams, J. D., S. L. H. Fuller, and R. Grace. 1992. Effects of impoundments on freshwater
mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the main channel of the Black Warrior and
Tombigbee Rivers in western Alabama. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural
History 13:1-10.
30

Table 5.1- Impacts to the South Toe River and Its Tributaries
Page 38 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Distance
Average
Length of
Length of
Stream
Plan Sheet
Station Number
Latitude
Longitude
Type of Impact*
from
Stream
Temporary
Permanent
Name**
Line Segment
Critical
Width
Impact
Impact
Habitat
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
Culvert
UT to South
C17
Sta. 16+58
N 35.916360
W 82.211313
replacement &
70 feet
3
30
10
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
extension
UT to South
C18
Sta. 23+56
N 35.915891
W 82.211990
Culvert
85 feet
3
20
0
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
replacement
Culvert
UT to South
C18
Sta. 31+22
N 35.915127
W 82.213347
replacement &
20 feet
2
27
7
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
extension
UT to South
C19
Sta. 36+00
N 35.913907
W 82.212901
Sub aqueous
50 feet
2
10
0
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
pipeline crossing
UT Little
C20
Sta. 54+50
N 35.910450
W 82.212693
Sub aqueous
0.35
2
10
6
Crabtree
(WWTP)
Force Main
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Little
C2
Sta 79+52
N 35908030
W 82
Sub aqueous
0.79
3
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
..219105
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C3
Sta. 87+40
N 35.908273
W 82.221303
Sub aqueous
0.97
20
10
0
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Sta. 87+55 to
Underground
01
N/A
(Collection)
Sta. 91+50
N 35.908831
W 82.221869
wetland pipeline
milles
N/A
960 Sq Ft
0
Line 1
crossing
UT Little
C4
Sta. 94+40
N 35.909084
W 82.223298
Culvert
1.11
2
18
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
replacement
miles
UT Little
C4
Sta. 98+25
N 35.909767
W 82.224285
Culvert Removal
1.19
2
18
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
miles
UT Little
C4
Sta. 106+25
N 35.910130
W 82.226880
Ditch Stabilization
1.40
2
120
36
Crabtree
Collection
Line l
miles
UT Little
C6
Sta. 122+25
N 35910316
W 82
Sub aqueous
1.67
2
10
0
Crabtree
Collection
Line 1
..231636
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Little
C6
Sta 127+46
N 35910959
W 82
Sub aqueous
1.77
2
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
..233282
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C9
Sta 174+77
N 35
W 82.246872
Sub aqueous
2.67
22
10
0
(Collection)
Line l
.915690
pipeline crossing
I miles
Page 38 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

M M M M r M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
Page 39 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Distance
Average
Length of
Length of
Stream
Plan Sheet
Station Number
Latitude
Longitude
Type of impact *
from
Stream
Temporary
Permanent
Name"
Line Segment
Critical
Width
Impact
Impact
Habitat
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
Shoal Creek
C10
Sta 179+47
N 35
W 82.248543
Sub aqueous
2.77
12
10
0
(Collect on)
Line 1
.915729
pipeline crossin
miles
Little Crabtree
C10
Sta. 183+72
N 35.915529
W 82.249806
Sub aqueous
2.84
20
f0
0
Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C10
Sta. 190+05
N 35.916180
W 82.250911
Sub aqueous
2.92
24
10
0
Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Little
Cl 1
Sta. 204+47
N 35918231
W 82255097
Sub aqueous
3.22
2
10
0
Crabtree
Collection
Line 1
..
i eline crossing
miles
UT Little
C12
Sta. 212+40
N 35918484
W 82
Sub aqueous
3.38
2
10
0
Crabtree
Collection
Line 1
..257718
pipeline crossin
miles
UT Little
C14
Sta. 237+83
N 35915144
W 82
Sub aqueous
3.85
2
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
..262973
--Pipeline crossing
miles
UT Little
C15
Sta. 258+32
N 35915105
W 82269209
Sub aqueous
4.25
2
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
..
i eline crossing
miles
UT Little
C16
Sta. 267+45
N 35.915976
W 82.272000
Sub aqueous
4.43
8
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C18
Sta. 10+48
N 35.907864
W 82.216586
Sub aqueous
0.64
21
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
Ayles
C19
Sta. 26+00
N 35.904283
W 82.214910
Sub aqueous
0.87
17
10
0
(Collection)
Line
pipeline crossin
miles
UT Ayles
C19
Sta. 33+75
N 35.902877
W 82.213537
Culvert
1.00
2
20
0
Collection
Line 2
replacement
miles
Ayles
C19
Sta. 35+85
N 35.902265
W 82.213570
Aerial pipeline
1.05
30
8
8
(Collection)
Line 2
crossing
miles
Ayles
C19
Sta. 37+15
N 35.901982
W 82.213567
Aerial pipeline
1.07
20
8
8
Collection
Line 2
crossing
miles
Ayles
C20
Sta. 41+00
N 35.900846
W 82.213831
Aerial pipeline
1.17
13
8
8
(Collection)
Line 2
crossing
miles
C21
Sta. 55+90 to
Underground
1.55
N/A
(Collection)
Sta. 60+74
N 35.897289
W 82.215618
wetland pipeline
miles
n/a
4840 Sq Ft
0
Line 2
crossing
UT Ayles
C21
Sta. 61+20
N 35.896797
W 82.215828
Sub aqueous
1.59
5
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
Page 39 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Page 40 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Distance
Average
Length of
Length of
Stream
Plan Sheet
Station Number
Latitude
Longitude
Type of Impact *
from
Stream
Temporary
Permanent
Name**
Line Segment
Critical
Width
Impact
Impact
Habitat
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
Ayles
C24
Sta. 95+60
N 35.888499
W 82.216667
Sub aqueous
2.18
21
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Ayles
C24
Sta. 101+50
N 35.886425
W 82.216820
Sub aqueous
2.35
6
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
Ayles
C25
Sta. 111+00
N 35.884118
W 82.217926
Sub aqueous
2.55
18
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
South Toe
C2 & C11
WWTP Outfall
N 35917508
W 82.207933
Effluent diffuser
0 feet
75
20
6
River
(WWTP)
Line
.
installation
Page 40 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

0%0%'m mEmm" ULE OF DRAWINGS
H U
G1 ... COVER SHEET C12.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 206+00 - STA. 220+00
G2 ... PROJECT LOCATION MAP, LEGEND AND NOTES
C13.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
G3 ... SHEET INDEX MAP PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 220+00 - STA. 233+00
C1A .. PROPOSED OUTFALL LINE PLAN AND PROFILE C14.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 233+00 - STA. 246+00
Cl ... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 59+13.12 - STA. 66+00 C15.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 246+00 - STA. 260+00
- C2 ... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 66+00 - STA. 80+00 C16.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 260+00 - STA. 274+00
C3A. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
vPLAN AND PROFILE STA. 80+00 - STA. 89+05 C17.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
�v PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 274+00 - STA. 286+35
c� C313.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 87+00 - STA. 87+57 C18.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 2
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 10+00 - STA. 24+00
o C4 ... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
N
i PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 94+00 - STA. 106+50 C19.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 2
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 24+00 -STA. 38+00
C5 ... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
O PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 106+50 - STA. 122+00 C20.. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 2
`j PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 38+00 - STA. 52+00
C6 . PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 122+00 - STA. 136+00 C21 .. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 2
0
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 52+00 - STA. 66+00
o C7 ... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
o PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 136+00 - STA. 150+00 D1 ... MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
C8... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1 D2 ... MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 150+00 -STA. 164+00
00 oa` D3 ... MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
C9 ... PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 164+00 -STA. 178+00 D4 ... MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
C10 .. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1 D5 ... MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 178+00 -STA. 192+00
� a
D6 ... MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
ani {�c
I � � �; k � C11. PROPOSED GRAVITY SANITARY SEWER LINE 1
b�YP1� PLAN AND PROFILE STA. 192+00 - STA. 206+00
c A S S D� A E2
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NCS ®LANNIN • FIN Al�TC
0 55 BROAD STREET AS EVILLE, NC 28801 PH. [phone] FIRI LICENSE # C-0459 JANUARY 2015
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Y.

GENERAL: ALL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES ARE TO BE PERFORMED IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH REQUIREMENTS OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES, LAND QUALITY
SECTION. THE FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE SHALL BE COMPLIED WITH FOR ALL WORK.
1. - PRIOR TO BEGINNING WORK ON THE PROJECT THE CONTRACTOR SHALL OBTAIN FROM THE OWNER A COPY OF THE
"EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL APPROVAL" FROM THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF LAND QUALITY, OR THE LOCAL AUTHORIZED PROGRAM. THE APPROVAL NOTICE
MUST BE AVAILABLE ON-SITE DURING ALL GRADING AND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES.
2. - INSTALL ALL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES AS REQUIRED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES, LAND QUALITY SECTION.
NOTE: ALL UTILITY INSTALLATION WITHIN 25' OF A RIVER OR STREAM BANK SHALL BE INSTALLED PER STREAM
PROTECTION DURING EXCAVATION DETAIL. SEEDING AND MULCHING SHALL BE COMPLETED DAILY IN AREAS
NOTED AS STREAM PROTECTION AREAS. SILT FENCE IN THESE AREAS SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED CLOSER THAN 5'
FROM CREEK BANK UNLESS FIELD CONDITIONS PREVENT SUFFICIENT CLEARANCE. ALL SILT FENCES SHALL BE
INSPECTED AND CLEANED AS NEEDED AFTER EACH RAIN.
3. - NO WORK SHALL BE PERFORMED IN STREAM FROM OCTOBER 15 TO APRIL 15 (TO ACCOMMODATE COE AND DWQ
RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING WORK IN TROUT WATERS.)
4. - CONTRACTOR IS TO PLACE PERMANENT STAKES MARKING CLEARLY THE 25' BUFFER FOR STREAMS WHERE SHOWN
ON THE PLANS AND THE MARKERS ARE TO BE VISIBLE AT ALL TIMES DURING CONSTRUCTION.
5. - OBTAIN CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE THROUGH ON-SITE INSPECTION BY A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES, LAND QUALITY
SECTION.
6. - CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE LIMITED TO 2000' OF CONTIGUOUS ROAD CORRIDOR UNTIL ALL CUTS, FILLS, AND DITCHES
ARE STABILIZED FOR THAT 2000' SECTION. UPON STABILIZATION OF THAT SECTION ANOTHER 2000' SECTION CAN
BE CONSTRUCTED AND STABILIZED.
7. - ALL STREAM CROSSINGS AND PERENNIAL STREAMS WILL BE ALIGNED WITH THE NATURAL STREAM PATTERNS ABOVE
AND BELOW THE PROPOSED ROAD. ARCH CULVERTS WILL BE USED AND FOOTERS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED IN
UNDISTURBED BANKS AWAY FROM THE STREAM FLOW.
8. - PROCEED WITH GRADING, CLEARING AND GRUBBING. NOTE: NO OFF SITE DISPOSAL OF MATERIAL IS ALLOWED
UNLESS THE DISPOSAL SITE HAS AN APPROVED EROSION CONTROL PLAN.
9. - SEED AND PLACE EROSION CONTROL MATTING ON ALL CUT AND FILL SLOPES THAT ARE NOT ROCK IMMEDIATELY
UPON COMPLETION OF SLOPE STABILIZATION.
10. - ALL TEMPORARY STREAM AND CREEK CROSSINGS FOR EQUIPMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE MADE USING
TEMPORARY BRIDGES. NO STREAM BANK OR STREAM BED DISTURBANCE SHALL BE ALLOWED FOR EQUIPMENT
CROSSINGS.
11. - SEED AND MULCH DENUDED AREA WITHIN 15 DAYS AFTER FINISHED GRADE ARE ESTABLISHED. SEED AND SOIL
AMENDMENTS SHALL BE PLACED ON A PREPARED SEEDBED AT THE FOLLOWING RATES PER ACRE, STRAW MULCH
SHALL BE TACKED WITH TACKING AGENT APPLIED BY HYDROSEEDER.
LIME 4,000 LBS
FERTILIZER (10-10-10) 1,000 LBS
KY -31 FESCUE (POA PRATENSIS) 100 LBS
STRAW MULCH 60-80 BALES
FOR SUMMER SEEDING ADD TO THE ABOVE:
GERMAN MILLET (SETARIA ITALICA) 40 LBS
SMALL -STEMMED SUDAN GRASS (SORGHUM BICOLOR) 50 LBS
FOR WINTER SEEDING ADD TO THE ABOVE:
RYE GRAIN (SECASE CEREALE) 120 LBS
IF HYDROSEEDING, WOOD CELLULOSE MAY BE USED IN ADDITION TO STRAW MULCH AT THE RATE OF 1,000 LBS
PER ACRE.
ALL SEEDING SHALL BE MAINTAINED, WATERED ETC.., UNTIL A PERMANENT VEGETATIVE GROUND COVER IS
ESTABLISHED OVER ALL DISTURBED AREAS.
FOR ALL SLOPES 2:1 OR STEEPER ADD TO THE ABOVE:
PURE LIVE SEED SWITCHGRASS 4 LBS
WEEPING LOVEGRASS (ERAGROSTIS CURVALA) 2 LBS
BROWNTOP MILLET OR PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM) 8 LBS
GRAIN SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH SSP. BICOLOR) 2 Les
ALL SLOPES 2:1 OR STEEPER SHALL BE COVERED BY EROSION CONTROL MATTING.
NATIVE SEEDING:
THE CORRECT SEEDBED pH IS 5.5 TO 6.5.
APPLY ZERO NITROGEN AT PLANTING.
INCORPORATE SOIL AMENDMENTS INTO TOPSOIL/ROOT ZONE BEFORE SEEDING.
FIRM SEEDBED BEFORE SEEDING (TRAVEL WITH DOZER CLEATS).
SEEDING DEPTH FOR ALL NATIVE SSP. EXCEPT E.GAMAGRASS (TRIPSACUM DACTYBIDES) NEED TO BE 1/4" - 1/2".
GREATER DEPTHS CAUSE HIGH SEED MORTALITY.
SPECIALIZED SEEDING IMPLEMENTS ARE REQUIRED. SEED MIXES AND RATES TO MATCH SEEDER USED. A NO -TILL,
DROP SEEDER OR BROADCASTER WITH PRECISION METERING TO CONTROL SMALL SEED FLOW AND PICKER WHEEL
AGITATORS TO HANDLE FLUFFY SEED ARE BEST SUITED FOR NATIVE SEED.
NATIVE PLANT SEEDING MIX FOR STREAM OR RIVERBANK STABILIZATION
SEEDING FOR STREAM OR RIVERBANK STABILIZATION SHALL BE A MIXTURE OF NATIVE GRASSES, PLANTS AND
TREES. NATIVE PLANT MIX SHALL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
GRASSES - BIG BLUESTEM (ANDROPOGAN GERARDII), INDIAN GRASS (SORGASTRUM NUTANS), LITTLE BLUESTEM
(SCHIZACHYRIUM SCOPARIUM), SWITCHGRASS (PANICUM VIRGATUM). 15 LBS/ACRE EACH
AUGUST THRU MAY - GREENRYE (SECALE CEREALE) 25 LBS/ACRE EACH
MAY 1 THRU AUGUST - MILLET (PENNISETUM GLLAUCUM) 25 LBS/ACRE EACH
TREES - ELDERBERRY (SAMBUEUS CANADENSIS)
0
o NATIVE PLANT MIX VARIATIONS SHALL BE APPROVED BY ENGINEER.
o NOTE: NO FERTILIZER SHALL BE USED WITHIN 10' OF TOP OF STREAM OR RIVER BANK.
0 12. - MAINTAIN SOIL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES UNTIL PERMANENT GROUND COVER IS ESTABLISHED.
I
0 13. - REMOVE SOIL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES AND STABILIZE THESE AREAS.
I
14. - REQUEST FINAL APPROVAL BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES,
DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES, LAND QUALITY SECTION.
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REVISION 1'TE - NOVEMBER 20, 2008
1. ALL CONSTRUCTION OUTSIDE RIGHTS -OF -MAY SHALL TAKE PLACE WITHIN THE PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY
ACCESS EASEMENTS SHOWN.
2. CONTRACTOR SHALL REPAIR ALL DISTURBED AREAS TO EQUAL OR BETTER CONDITION THAN THE ORIGINAL SITE,
OR AS NOTED.
3. LOCATIONS OF EXISTING UTILITIES AS SHOWN ARE APPROXIMATE ONLY. EXACT LOCATIONS ARE TO BE VERIFIED
IN THE FIELD BY THE CONTRACTOR. AT LEAST THREE DAYS PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION, CONTRACTOR MUST
NOTIFY EXISTING UTILITY OWNERS. CALL BEFORE YOU DIG. NORTH CAROLINA ONE CALL (1-800-632-4949).
4. ALL WORK NEAR AND AROUND WATERWAYS MUST CONFORM TO THE RULES OF THE STATE OF NORTH
CAROLINA.
5. CONTRACTOR MUST PROVIDE EROSION CONTROL DEVICES TO CONTROL RUNOFF FROM THE CONSTRUCTION SITE.
CONTRACTOR WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY FINES THAT MAY BE LEVIED DUE TO POLLUTION CREATED DURING
CONSTRUCTION.
6. CONTRACTOR SHALL FOLLOW ALL FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATIONS PERTAINING
TO CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS.
7. SEWER FORCE MAINS AND WATER LINES SHALL HAVE 3'-0" MINIMUM COVER UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN ON
THE DRAWINGS.
8. WATER AND SEWER LINES SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM 10' HORIZONTAL SEPARATION OR A MINIMUM 18" VERTICAL
SEPARATION WITH THE WATER OVER SEWER, OR BOTH WATER AND SEWER LINES SHALL BE DUCTILE IRON PIPE
10' EITHER SIDE OF THE CROSSING.
9. SEWER AND STORM SEWER LINES SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM 12" VERTICAL SEPARATION.
10. SEE PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
11. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, ALL BURIED PIPE SHALL BE INSTALLED WITH PUSH -ON JOINTS AND EXPOSED PIPING
SHALL BE FLANGED JOINT.
12. LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS FOR PROPOSED EASEMENTS BY OTHERS.
13. SITE TOPOGRAPHIC AND BOUNDARY SURVEY PROVIDED BY SURVEYOR NOTED ON PLANS.
14. CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTIFY THE PROPER LOCAL AUTHORITIES 24 HOURS PRIOR TO ANY ROAD BEING CLOSED
FOR CONSTRUCTION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOCAL NEWSPAPER, RADIO STATION, FIRE DEPARTMENT,
COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT, AMBULANCE, AND COUNTY EMERGENCY AGENCY. ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL SHALL
CONFORM TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.
15. CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTIFY THE ENGINEER AFTER EXISTING BURIED UTILITIES HAVE BEEN LOCATED AND 24
HOURS PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION.
16. LOCATIONS SHOWN FOR SANITARY SEWER SERVICES ARE ASSUMED. COORDINATE LOCATIONS OF ALL PROPOSED
SEWER SERVICE CONNECTIONS WITH PROPERTY OWNER PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION,
17. CONTRACTOR SHALL FIELD VERIFY ALL PROPOSED MANHOLE TOP ELEVATIONS AND EXISTING MANHOLE INVERTS
PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION AND NOTIFY ENGINEER OF ANY DISCREPANCIES. CONTRACTOR SHALL ADJUST ALL
PROPOSED SEWER STRUCTURES TO MATCH FINISHED PAVEMENT ELEVATIONS. COSTS OF RAISING STRUCTURES
SHALL BE CONSIDERED INCIDENTAL TO OTHER WORK ON THE PROJECT.
18. MANHOLES AND CASTINGS SHALL MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF OWNER AS WELL AS THE PROJECT
SPECIFICATIONS.
19. 4" SANITARY SEWER SERVICE LINES SHALL BE INSTALLED AT 2.0% MINIMUM SLOPE AND SHALL BE DUCTILE
IRON IN PAVED AREAS.
20. ALL FENCE DAMAGED DURING CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE REPLACED WITH LIKE MATERIALS IN A WORKMANLIKE
MANNER AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARD FENCE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AT THE CONTRACTOR'S
EXPENSE.
21. CONTRACTOR SHALL FIELD LOCATE ALL BURIED TELEPHONE LINE IN CONFLICT WITH THE PROPOSED UTILITY LINE.
WHERE NECESSARY, EXISTING BURIED TELEPHONE LINE SHALL BE TEMPORARILY MOVED DURING CONSTRUCTION
OF THE PROPOSED UTILITY LINE AND RE-LAID AT NO ADDITIONAL COST TO THE OWNER.
22. CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO EXISTING ROADS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND
SHALL REPAIR ROADS PER REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. NO
OPEN CUTS OF EXISTING ROADS SHALL BE ALLOWED EXCEPT WHERE INDICATED ON THE DRAWINGS OR WHERE
SPECIFIC PERMISSION IS GRANTED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. SAND OR A
SIMILAR MATERIAL APPROVED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SHALL BE PLACED
ON THE ROAD TO AID IN THE CLEAN UP AFTER CONSTRUCTION. A MINIMUM OF 2" OF SAND SHALL BE PLACED
ON THE ROAD PRIOR TO STOCKPILING SPOIL MATERIAL ON THE ROAD SURFACE TO FACILITATE CLEANUP.
23. CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REMOVAL OF ANY RAILROAD TRACK MATERIAL THAT INTERFERES WITH THE
INSTALLATION OF THE SEWER LINE, INCLUDING RAILS AND TIES. ALL RAILROAD RELATED MATERIAL REMOVAL
SHALL BE CONSIDERED INCIDENTAL TO THE SEWER LINE INSTALLATION. NO RAILS OR TIES SHALL BE REMOVED
FROM ANY AREA OUTSIDE THE PERMANENT EASEMENT.
LEGEND -EXISTING CONDITIONS
°TEL. PED.
TELEPHONE PEDESTAL
❑ELEC PED.
ELECTRIC PEDESTAL
SIGN
SIGN
❑CAN
UNDERGROUND CABLE TV SIGN
�UG FOC
UNDERGROUND FIBER OPTIC CABLE SIGN
AUG TEL
UNDERGROUND TELEPHONE CABLE SIGN
�UG GAS
UNDERGROUND GAS LINE SIGN
�LIG ELEC
UNDERGROUND ELECTRIC SIGN
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INTERSTATE HIGHWAY
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RIGHT-OF-WAY MONUMENT
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POSTAL DROP BOX
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WEBB MORGAN ASSOCIATES,
*** REGISTERED LAND SURVEYORS ***
96 CENTRAL AVENUE, ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, 28801
I NO. I DATE I BY
REVISION DESCRIPTION
CULVERT
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
--CTV
UNDERGROUND CABLE TV LINE
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
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UNDERGROUND FIBER OPTIC CABLE LINE
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
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APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF
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CRIMPED TOP IRON PIN FOUND
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CAST IRON PIPE
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CORRUGATED METAL PIPE
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CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT
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GALVANIZED IRON PIPE
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804135.7875_
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STA 265+35.11 + 70P EL: 2593.
/ / / — — /ii // /%i/% / / / \ \' ✓ \ / / / TOP EL: 2589.92' \ \ BOTTOM 6.25'
® ®• / / / // // / // // /. /� ®®= \ / ` / \ 083003144284000 1 I �j \
120 PVC IN I.E.:2583.97' BLACK, TYRONE D. & BARBARA E.
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120 PVC OUT I.E.:2583.82' V \ \
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BACKFILL MATERIAL BACKFILL MATERIAL III—III—III—III—III—III—III—III—i
COMPACTED IN 6" LIFTS —i' —i �— COMPACTED IN 6" LIFTS I I=I 11=1 I I=I 11=I 11=III=1 11=I 11=1 I I
III—III—III—III—II1=1I1=1I1=1I1=III — i-
1I—I I—I I I—I I I—I I I—I I_i—I I IE 1=1 \/� I I 1=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 I I—i I —III—I
\ \\ \ I I 1=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 I I \\ /�
� —III—III—III=III—III—III—III—III /
III—III—I 11=1 11=1 I I—I 11=1 11=1 11=1 \//
\ I i 1=1 i 1=i \ \ I 1=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 I I „ \ 3°-6„ s°—s"
III—III=III—III—III—II II / IIIEII_I-IIIAIII-11f-11=6=,1=1 //
III—III—III=III—III 12 MAX— \� \i
BACKFILL MATERIAL I I I=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 11=1 I— 6 MIN — \j` BACKFILL MATERIAL 11 IEI I IEI I IM I I IEI I IEI I I \/ --(—„ --—— N
DIRECTION OF RIVER FLOW
/ COMPACTED IN 3 LIFTS 111-1 I (—III ®� III—) I I=1 I=1 �2 9 x
COMPACTED IN 3" LIFTS — _ _ — _ _ — \� ® \\. -- CONCRETE PAD EXTENDS 1 N
\ \ 1=III—III—I —III=III=III / BEYOND BASE OF PIER (TYP)
I I=1 11=1 11=1 I \p� I I 1=1 I I
\ II—III—III ® II—III—III=1 \\, \ IIIAIII=III-III==IIIEIIIEIIIEiIi \\` 1/2 O.D.PIPE 1'_9" a,
I 1
3/4 DIA. BOLT I 1 2' CLR.
6„ I I � �°' CHAMFER ON ALL
UNDISTURBED ;® I �• EXPOSED EDGES (TYP)
UNDISTURBED i i I
EARTH EARTH —
9"
ROUT EXCAVATION 1/2" ` a (7)7 VERT.
STANDARD EXCAVATION .. °..
4" 1 2" + I „ °®
co ® ' #3 11ES ~
/ ° 12" O.C.
DUCTILE IRON GRAVITY SEWER 1
PIER STRAP AND ANCHORS
(SEE DETAIL) w
W
BACKFILL MATERIAL 10" I i i LONG SPAN DUCTILE TYP.
COMPACTED IN 6" LIFTS III—III—III—III—III—III—III—III—III
I I 1=I 11=1 11=1 11=I 11=! 11=1 11=1 11=1 IR®N PIPE I Q
'%' =III=III=III=IIIEI I III=III III \/; FOOTING
' III—I I I—I 11=1 11=1 I =1 I I I I I I I=II I // — — —
I I I; I I 1=1 I 1=1 = 12„ MAX= \\ _
CL PIPE AND PIER
SPRING LINE OF PIPE i 11=1 I I=I I=1 ®®�• 6 MIN = \/\ LA
CLASS I 689 MIN 1 2" 3"�
EMBEDMENT /
{
2" CL PIPE AND PIER; -z
UNDISTURBED
STRAP AND ANCHOR
EARTH �� � 1 ��
(SEE DETAIL) i
STANDARD EXCAVATIO 3„� BOLT DIA. + 1/16” " CHAMFER ON ALL LONG SPAN DUCTILE IRON PIPE,
EXPOSED EDGES (TYP)
PVC GRAVITY SEWER
DOWELS TO MATCH VERTICAL REINF. m a
cn
BACKFILL MATERIAL BACKFILL MATERIAL PROVIDE 3'3" LAP SPLICE °
_ _ _ _ ___ i. ° (7)7 VERT.
COMPACTED IN 6" LIFTS III=1 I I—III—III—'i I I—III—III—III—III COMPACTED IN 6 LIFTS - III=1 I I—III—III—III—III—I I 1=1 I I—III NOTES:
IIIMil I—I I—I I-1 I—I I 1=1 11=1 I I—! " III=1(1=III 1—I 1 I-111—! I I—I 1. ANCHOR BOLTS AND STRAPS SHALL BE STAINLESS STEEL. DIRECTION OF RIVER FLOW ` ° sn
l i IEI 11=I 11=1 11=I 11=1 I I 1=1 I I=1 I 11ES ® ,�
/ IEI I I=1 I 1=1 1= —I I —III =1 I=1� 1 — _ — — _ _ = 2. FOR PIPE 24" AND LARGER USE 1" DIA. BOLTS. m . Q �. a 12" O.C. �
\ I —I 11=1 I I—I 11=1 I I I I IEEE 11—I I—I \\ I I—I I—I i I—I 1 I—III 1 I I—III-1 I I
/// 111—III-1 I I—I I 1=1 I =1 I I I 1=1 I 1=1 1 3. HOLES TO BE DRILLED IN STRAP. STD. 90' ° ® #6 ®12" EACH WAY, y
\ 1 I—I I—I I—I — 12 MAx— \\� I i—III-1 I I—I — 12" MAX— 4. PROVIDE WASHERS UNDER STRAP SUCH THAT STRAP IS PULLED DO TIGHT. HOOK (TYP) ' ° ` ;° TOP AND BOTTOM
1=1 I 1=1 I 1=1 6" MIN _ // I i I-1 I IEI 11EI �" �dIN _ RIVER BED
SPRING LINE OF PLLj
IPE — _ ®p• _ _ — \/ SPRING LINE OF PIPE _ _ ®sP' — — ELEVATION °p : Q a� .. 3j" CLR.,
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EMBEDMENT ` // EMBEDMENT \ \�� I PIERS CLEAN ROCK OR CONCRETE SURFACE ° : ® Q
6'a DEPTH \\� 3j" CLR, N
\/ MODIFIED FOR THIS PROJECT CONCRETE PAD F PIER S 1' � � . Q.. ° Q Q e 9 B° �
INCREMENTS. /j BEYOND BASE OF PIER (TYP)
/� FOUNDATION STONE FOR m. a °
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UNDISTURBED //
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AS DIRECTED BY ENGINEER z // PERIMETER OF FOOTING AROUND
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SET DOWELS IN 3" DIA. X 282"
UNDISTURBED
EARTH PRE DRILLED HOLES IN ROCK.
EXTEND DOWELS 18" MIN. INTO UJI Z)
STANDARD EXCAVATION UNDERCUT EXCAVATION EPDXY
AND ANCHOR WITH
EPoxY cRouT SYSTEM �
IN T CONDITIONS IN UNSTABLE SOILS E
2'6" DEEP CONCRETE PAD TO BE CONSTRUCTED NOTE: ALL REBAR DIMENSIONS ARE O.C. 06 >_
PIPE IN WET OR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS o � OF 3000 PSI CONCRETE IF BED ROCK NOT FOUNDuj
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ALL PIPE TYPESPIPING---,,o 0
CENTERLINE OF INLET
(AS DIRECTED BY ENGINEER) Q NOT ALLOWED IN EITHER NOTES:
QUADRANT ADJOINING THE E TB®
MANHOLE OUTLET. �G®� s 6" MINIMUM 1. CONCRETE SHALL ATTAIN A COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 3000 PSI
NOTES: H WITHIN 26 DAYS AND SHALL BE AIR ENTRAINED.
1< CONSTRUCTION OF TRENCHES SHALL COMPLY WITH ALL FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 2. ALL CONCRETE SHALL BE READY MIX CONCRETE MANUFACTURED AND
�® cq DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ASTM
REGULATIONS WHICH HAVE JURISDICTION AT THE PROJECT SITE. IT IS THE CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY TO BE `( 11 + DESIGNATION C94.
FAMILIAR WITH THE APPLICABLE REGULATIONS AND FOLLOW THEM ACCORDINGLY. MANHOLE � ® 3. LONG SPAN PIPE SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED UNTIL CONCRETE HAS
STEPS
® �_ ACHIEVED FULL DESIGN STRENGTH.
2. FOR UNIT PRICE CONTRACTS ONLY, PAYMENT FOR ROCK EXCAVATION AND SELECT BACKFILL IN TRENCH `` 4. SEE STRAP/ANCHOR DETAILS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. J j I
SHALL BE FOR ACTUAL QUANTITIES AND SHALL NOT EXCEED THE WIDTH OF TRENCH SHOWN ON THIS DETAIL, L5. CONCRETE PIER AND PIER BASE SHALL BE PAID AT UNIT PRICE PER Lo
® FORMED CLASS "B" BID SCHEDULE. CONCRETE PAD UNDER PIERS (IF REQUIRED) SHALL BE ® 04 o N �
3• FOR UNIT PRICE CONTRACTS ONLY, PAYMENT FOR FOUNDATION STONE UNDERCUT SHALL BE FOR THE ° CONCRETE PAID AS MISCELLANEOUS CONCRETE UNIT PRICE PER BID SCHEDULE.
LENGTH OF THE TRENCH REQUIRING UNDERCUT X 6" DEPTH INCREMENTS TO THE DEPTH REQUIRED.
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4. CLASS I EMBEDMENT SHALL BE NCDOT STANDARD # 67 STONE OR APPROVED EQUAL. FOUNDATION STONE eo° ° o o Of
CONCRETE I IDETAIL71 o w w
SHALL BE NCDOT STANDARD # 57 OR # 67 STONE OR APPROVED EQUAL. ° °; ° SEWER o Ld ® Mm
® MANHOLE ®° '; PIPE SCALE: 1" = 2' w J z ®� ci o
STEPS 07 H Q (n ® (n Z o
SECTIONALPLANo®�®v®®
TYPICAL GRAVITY Z`5"') EWER TRENCONHING DETAILS 4 4 1 ' . I
41,
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REVISION DATE - NOVEMBER 3, 2008 a a
C � ®';�
STANDARD—\, -.4 'a .
MANHOLE
° a' W APPROX. 2' (TYP)
STAINLESS STEEL BOLT STEEL ENCASEMENT MASONRY SEAL -' Lu
AT END OF PIPE a'p , a & J TOP OF BANK
STEEL ENCASEMENT a fxu a
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® z - a
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MIN_,14, PIPE EMBEDMENT MATERIAL '�//�\/ �: �q �\/BELL AND SPIGOT JOINT Lu
BOLT—ON TYPE SKID 2" ;°< ;
W/ BITUMASTIC PAINT \�\\ \ \ _ \ \ \ \ \\\/
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OR STAINLESS STEEL
T ®° . D c ;° D " a �� CLASS "B" CONCRETE
LONG SPAN
CONCRETE PIER. cn
PPE JOINT DESIGN LA D LOCATION PER PLANS.
UNDISTURBED 6" MIN. 57
WASHED STONE NOTE: LONG SPAN PPE SHALL BE USED FOR UNSUPPORTED SPANS
GREATER THAN 20 SEE SPECIFICATIONS FOR LONG SPAN PIPE
CARRIER PIPE WEEP HOLES T� REQUIREMENTS. SHOP DRAWINGS FOR LONG SPAN PIPE SHALL BE
BOLT—ON TYPE SKID AT BOTTOM
(MIN. 2 PER JOINT, CARRIER PIPE NOTE: SUBMITTED AND APPROVED PRIOR TO INSTALLATION.
SPACED EVENLY) 1. DROP CONNECTION IS NOT PERMITTED FOR HIGH VELOCITY SEWER MAINS I \ /
MAINTAIN MINIMUM OF 8" OF CLEARANCE BETWEEN DROP CONNECTION TYPICAL ELEVATED CROSSING
NOTE: FOR PRESSURE CARRIER PIPES, IF SUITABLE UNDISTURBED EARTH IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR THRUST BLOCKS DUE AND MANHOLE STEPS.
TO EXCAVATION, CONTRACTOR SHALL ATTACH THREADED RODS AS SPECIFIED IN THRUST BLOCK DETAILS TO THE 2. BASE FOUNDATION TO CONSTRUCTED LEVEL WITH EXISTING MATERIAL OR REVISION DATE - NOVEMBER 3, 2008 SHEET
ENCASEMENT AND ROD FITTINGS DIRECTLY TO THE ENCASEMENT PIPE. ATTACHMENT OF THE RODS SHALL BE BY CONDITIONED WITH STONE AS REQUIRED BY SPECIFICATIONS
WELDING DIRECTLY TO THE ENCASEMENT PIPE OR BY WELDING EYE BOLTS TO THE ENCASEMENT FOR ATTACHMENT OF
THREADED RODS WITH NUTS. MINIMUM OF THREE RODS REQUIRED PER FITTING.
OUTSIDEENCASEMENT DETAIL
REVISION DATE - NOVEMBER 3, 2008 D2
REVISION DATE - NOVEMBER 3, 2008
NO. DATE BY REVISION DESORPTION

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2" MIN. COORDINATE DELIVERY TO THE OWNER.
EXISTING BASE COURSE 6 MIN. CABC COMPACTED XISTING BASE COURSE j REMOVE MANHOLE TOP TO
TO 1007. 'STD- PROCTOR 6" MIN. 3' BELOW FINISH GRADE.
" ",\\/\\/\\/\\II/ - REPLACE WITH COMPACTED
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SURFACE COURSE U z
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PAVEMENT
COURSE IN 2 LIFTS MIN.
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CLEAN OF DUST BEFORE TACK COAT IS APPLIED. _1_ - 1 3;
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2. EDGES TO BE TACKED WITH EMULSIFIED ASPHALT TACK CRS -1 OR CRS -11.\//\\// z w
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COMPACTED TO 100%
ASPHALT DRIVE REPAIR FULL DEPTH ///\�//\ %//�Q a a a a ' \\�\�
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UNDISTURBED EARTH
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6"-,3000 PSI CONCREIr--,,
FOR WIDTH SAWCUT EXISTING EDGE
TO MATCH EXISTING N x
TO PROVIDE NEAT --FILL MANHOLE WITH
CONCRETE SURFACE
STRAIGHT EDGE PRIOR TO PAVEMENT REPAIRS ON ROADS TO BE RESURFACED COMPACTED CABC
4
REPAIR
N
4":. ®EXISTING CONCRETE 6
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4 PLUG BOTH INVERTS
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NQIES: WITH CONCRETE
-EXISTING BASE COURSE 6" MIN. CABC COMPACTED EXISTING BASE COURSE 1. EDGE TO BE SAWED WITH A CONCRETE SAW TO A NEAT SQUARED EDGE. BROOMED CLEAN OF DUST
— ...I.....- I........... , , , -/I BEFORE TACK COAT IS APPLIED.
Y/ TO 100% STD. PROCTOR Z. N\,. N\,. 1( 6
X 2. EDGES TO BE TACKED WITH CRS -1 OR CRS -11.
3- LIFTS 3. THICKNESS OF B25.08 OR B25.0 BASE COURSE AND S9.513 OR S9.5C SURFACE COURSE SHALL MATCH
EXISTING CONDITIONS IF GREATER THAN SHOWN ON DETAILS.
4. CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR REPLACEMENT OF ANY PAVEMENT MARKINGS DISTURBED OR COVERED BY OVERLAY.
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TYPICAL PAVEMENT REPAIRS NCDOT ROADS ui
DRY/ <
NOT TO SCALE z
UNDISTURBED-�
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6" LIFTS OF SUITABLE SOIL
EARTH REVISION DATE - MAY, 2012
OR CABC AT OPTIMUM >
MOISTURE COMPACTED 95% cn 0
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ELEVATION VI UJ J= <
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DEMOLITION AND ABANDONMENT
CONCRETE DRIVE REPAIR REVISED FOR THIS PROJECT cn z
NOT TO SCALE >- >-
REVISION DATE NOVEMBER 3, 2008 U) UJ
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S' MAX. STANDARD STRENGTH FABRIC WITH WIRE FENCE 0
1 (MIN. 14 GUAGE 6-X6- WIRE) 5
1 -0 SEE TRENCH DETAIL V-0 6' MAX EXTRA STRENGTH FABRIC WITHOUT Lu C)
, FOR WIDTH WIRE FENCE cl) 06 >-
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THE TRENCH
SECIJOU YIEV PLUG PIPES WITH 3000 NEW OR EXISTING MANHOLE
GRAVEL DRIVE REPAIR WIRE PSI CONCRETE NEW PIPE
NOT TO SCALE FENCE--,. EXISTING PIPE TO
REVISION DATE NOVEMBER 3, 2008 FILTER BE ABANDONED
FABRIC
EXISTINGU)
—
STEELFLOW
GROUND FLOW
POST
1-- 4' MAX. 8' MAX. FOR STD. BACKFILL TRENCH
STRENGTH FABRIC AND COMPACT
ADDITIONAL HORIZONTAL BRACE THOROUGHLY
AT OPENING SAWCUT AND REMOVE w U)
.............
............ ...... . .. . ...
....... . .... .......... Z
............... .............. EXISTING PIPE A MINIMUM FILL EXISTING PIPE INVERT AND REBUILD
UPSLOPE OF 2' OUTSIDE MANHOLE WITH CONCRETE TO MATCH EXISTING
.... ........ ... ....... .... MANHOLE BENCH <
.......... AREA)
TUR
8 DISTURBED
........... MIN.
UJ
12"
18 MAX. TO -
24" SEWER LINE ABANDONED
MAX. LOW POINT uj o
K, ETES:
OUTSIDE ACTIVE MANHOLE 0
U)
1. FILTER BARRIERS SHALL BE INSPECTED
IMMEDIATELY AFTER EACH RAINFALL AND
5'x5'Xl'D RIP RAP SPLASH PAD.
LI TOP PAD LEVEL WITH EXISTING DAILY DURING PROLONGED RAINFALL. 2E
GROUND u REPAIR SHALL BE MADE AS NECESSARY. SEWER LINE ABANDO"NIVIENT
2. FABRIC SHALL BE REPLACED PROMPTLY REVISION DATE FEBRUARY 2014
NOTE ALL SILT FENCE NOTES APPLY TO SILT FENCE OUTLET SLOPE SLOPE LENGTH(FT) MAXIMUM AREA(SQFT) IF FOUND TO BE IN DISREPAIR.
3. SEDIMENT DEPOSITS SHALL BE REMOVED
SILT FENCE OUTLET <2% 100 10,000 AFTER EACH STORM EVENT AND WHEN
2 TO 5% 75 7,500 DEPOSITS REACH APPROXIMATELY 1/3
(MAY BE SUBSTITURED FOR RIP RAP CHECK DAM OUTLETS) 5 TO 107 50 5,000 HEIGHT OF BARRIER.
FEB. 2011 MODIFIED FOR THIS PROJECT 10 TO 207 25 2,500
>20% 15 1,500 4. REFERENCE NCDENR LAND QUALITY
I I SECTION DESIGN MANUAL: 6.62. SHEET
NOTE:
THE SILT FENCE OUTLET DETAIL IS AN ACCEPTABLE SUBSTITUTE
A
�L I
IN
X X X,
FOR RIP RAP CHECK DAM OUTLETS TO BE INSTALLED IN THE SILT
FENCE. NO ADDITIONAL OR SEPARATE COMPENSATION WILL BE MADE SEDIMENTATION/SILT FENCE
BASED ON THE CONTRACTOR'S SELECTION OF EITHER SYSTEM. REVISION DATE NOVEMBER 3,2008 11/l/11 RDH REVISED FOR CONFORMED PLAN SET D 3
-7
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DATE BY REVISION DESCRIPTION

9

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u
NOTES
1. THIS DETAIL SHALL BE USED IN LOCATIONS WHERE STOCKPILING OF
WASTE MATERIAL IS REQUIRED DUE TO TOPOGRAPHY RESTRICTIONS
WITHIN THE TEMPORARY AND CONSTRUCTION EASEMENTS.
2, SILT FENCE FOR THIS DETAIL SHALL UTILIZES PER SILT FENCE
DETAIL AND BE INSTALLED PRIOR TO STOCKPILING ANY MATERIAL.
3. ALL DISTURBED AREAS SHALL BE SEEDED IMMEDIATELY AFTER
REMOVAL OF MATERIAL OR CONSTRUCTION IS COMPLETE.
4. SILT FENCE SHALL BE MAINTAINED UNTIL VEGETATIVE COVER IS
ESTABLISHED.
DETAIL CREATED FOR THIS PROJECT - SEPTEMBER 2010
RilloVaml
Toll,
EXCAVATED CUT
SLOPE I_ 1_1/2"
IAL STAPLE
•Iffolr.
COMPACTED FILL
SLOPE
LOLlII®fOL 1
NOTES:
1, INSTALLATION OF MATTING SHALL CONFORM TO MANUFACTURER'S REQUIREMENTS.
2. SEE GRADING PLAN FOR LOCATIONS OF CUT AND FILL SLOPES.
3. MATTING SHALL BE: NORTH AMERICAN GREEN SC150, AMERICAN EXCELSIOR
EROSION CONTROL BLANKET, OR EQUAL, INSTALL ON ALL DISTURBED SLOPES
(CHOSEN PRODUCT MUST BE RATED FOR SLOPES 2:1 TO 1:1).
4> ALLOW 3" MIN. OVERLAP BETWEEN PARALLEL STRIPS.
5. BURY THE TOP END OF THE MAT IN A TRENCH 4" OR MORE IN DEPTH. TAMP THE
TRENCH FULL OF SOIL. SECURE WITH ROW OF STAPLES, 10" SPACING, 4" DOWN
FROM THE TRENCH. OVERLAP END OF TOP STRIP 4" AND STAPLE.
EXCAVATED MATERIAL PLACED
ON SIDE OF TRENCH AWAY
FROM STREAM
SUPER SILT FENCE
SHALL BE USED IN ALL AREAS
DESIGNATED AS TROUT BUFFER
STREAM
SEWER OR WATER PIPE
(SEE TRENCHING DETAIL)
NOIES
1. THIS DETAIL SHALL BE USED WHERE NOTED ON THE PLANS OR
ANYWHERE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE SEWER OR WATER LINE
AND STREAM IS LESS THAN 25 FEET.
2. SILT FENCE IN THESE AREAS SHALL BE INSTALLED PRIOR TO
BEGINNING EXCAVATION FOR THE PROPOSED LINE.
3. EXCAVATED MATERIAL SHALL BE PLACED ON SIDE OF TRENCH
AWAY FROM STREAM.
4. STREAM PROTECTION AREA SHALL BE SEEDED IMMEDIATELY
AFTER INSTALLATION OF PROPOSED LINE.
5. SILT FENCE SHALL BE MAINTAINED UNTIL VEGETATIVE COVER IS
ESTABLISHED.
e.. TWIN �° "� E �. 4 @ e I g 1 ...
REVISIOND'TE - NOVEMBER 3, 2008
10' TEMPORARY
EASEMENT
7.5' PERMANENT . 7.5' PERMANENT
EASEMENT EASEMENT
SUPER SILT FENCE PER
DETAIL INSTALLED AT
TOP OF BANK
CREEK BANK SHALL
NOT BE DISTURBED
� NOTE - DISTANCE
SEWER LINE INSTALLED FROM SEWER LINE TO
PER TRENCHING DETAIL// TOP OF BANK VARIES
Nolls
1. THIS DETAIL SHALL BE USED IN LOCATIONS WHERE THE
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TEMPORARY EASEMENT WILL NOT ALLOW THE
STREAM PROTECTION DURING EXCAVATION DETAIL TO BE UTILIZED.
2. SILT FENCE IN THESE AREAS SHALL UTILIZE SUPER SILT FENCE
OEI61L AND BE INSTALLED PRIOR TO BEGINNING EXCAVATION FOR
THE PROPOSED LINE.
3. EXCAVATED MATERIAL WILL HAVE TO BE REMOVED FROM WORK
AREA AND BROUGHT BACK FOR BACKFILLING. THIS MAY INVOLVE
REMOVAL TO A TEMPORARY STOCKPILE AREA AND RETURNED LATER
FOR BACKFILL OVER SEWER LINE. SOIL STOCKPILES SHALL BE
STORED PER EXCAVATED MATERIAL STQCKPIPE DETAIL.
4. ALL DISTURBED AREAS SHALL BE SEEDED IMMEDIATELY AFTER
INSTALLATION OF PROPOSED SEWER LINE.
5. SILT FENCE SHALL BE MAINTAINED UNTIL VEGETATIVE COVER IS
ESTABLISHED.
STREAM PROTECTION FOR RESTRICTEUE"
EASEMENT ACCESS AREAS
DETAIL CREATED FOR THIS PROJECT - SEPTEMBER 2010
vim; ;... � `• � � � �"°°
• ALL OTHER PERTINENTEROSION CONTROLDETAILS APPLY
2'-5" 12"
NOTES:
1. PREPARE SOIL BEFORE INSTALLING ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS (RECP'S), INCLUDING ANY
NECESSARY APPLICATION OF LIME, FERTILIZER, AND SEED.
2. BEGIN AT THE TOP OF THE SLOPE BY ANCHORING THE RECP'S IN A 6" DEEP X 6" WIDE TRENCH WITH
APPROXIMATELY 12" OF RECP'S EXTENDED BEYOND THE UP-SLOPE PORTION OF THE TRENCH.
ANCHOR THE RECP'S WITH A ROW OF STAPLES/STAKES APPROXIMATELY 12" APART IN THE BOTTOM
OF THE TRENCH. BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE TRENCH AFTER STAPLING. APPLY SEED TO
COMPACTED SOIL AND FOLD REMAINING 12" PORTION OF RECP'S BACK OVER SEED AND COMPACTED
SOIL. SECURE RECP'S OVER COMPACTED SOIL WITH A ROW OF STAPLES/STAKES SPACED
APPROXIMATELY 12" APART ACROSS THE WIDTH OF THE RECP'S,
3. ROLL THE RECP'S DOWN OR HORIZONTALLY ACROSS THE SLOPE. RECP'S WILL UNROLL WITH
APPROPRIATE SIDE AGAINST THE SOIL SURFACE. ALL RECP'S MUST BE SECURELY FASTENED TO SOIL
SURFACE BY PLACING AND SPACING STAPLES/STAKES IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS PER
MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATIONS.
4. THE EDGES OF PARALLEL RECP'S MUST BE STAPLED WITH APPROXIMATELY 2"-5" OVERLAP
DEPENDING ON RECP'S TYPE.
5. CONSECUTIVE RECP'S SPLICED DOWN THE SLOPE MUST BE PLACED END OVER END (SHINGLE STYLE)
WITH AN APPROXIMATE 3" OVERLAP. STAPLE THROUGH OVERLAPPED AREA, APPROXIMATELY 12"
APART ACROSS ENTIRE RECP'S WIDTH.
6. IN LOOSE SOIL CONDITIONS, THE USE OF STAPLE OR STAKE LENGTHS GREATER THAN 6" MAY BE
NECESSARY TO PROPERLY SECURE THE RECP'S.
STAPLE/ROLL INSTALLATION
REVISION DATE - NOVEMBER 3, 2008
STREAM
CHAIN-LINK
FENCE -�
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ALUMINUM OR
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POST
WIRE OR PLASTIC TIE (TYP.)
CHAIN-LINK
9
FENCE
yin
33" MIN. POST
FILTER FABRIC LAYERS OVERLAPPED
AND 2ND
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BY 6" AND FOLDED
LAYER FILTER
FABRIC
16" MIN.
1ST LAYER
FILTER FL®�
FILTER
FABRIC
FABRIC
BACKFILL TRENCH
AND COMPACT
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THOROUGHLY
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.
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UPSLOPE
(DISTURBED AREA)
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PAM STORAGE TANK
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12 MIN. �� � ��� 12" MIN.
PAM S❑LUTI❑N
SUPPLY LINE
ter;; v
GEOTEXTILE GEOTEX11LE y f c
FILTER FABRIC'
FILTER FABRIC N
r PAM S❑LUTI❑N
GEOTEXTILE FILTER BAG GEOTEXTILE FILTER BAG
' SIZED FOR PUMP DISCHARGE RATE INJECTION PUMP oc
" (MIN. 10'X15') B" MIN. SIZED FOR PUMP DISCHARGE RATE' „
N
��' J (MIN. 1®'X15') _ B MIN.
PAM S❑LUTI❑N co 0
a
SEWN -IN PIPE - SEWN -IN PIPE > INJECTI❑N TUBING
00
_ DISCHARGE SLEEVEC.,
DISCHARGE SLEEVE PUMP DISCHARGE 00
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❑SE
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NOTE: DEWATERING PUMP EXCAVATION r�
PUMP DISCHARGE
HOSE Y NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY REQUIRING
DEWATERING w
® ATTACHMENT P❑INT ATTACHMENT P❑INT CIO
6 #57 STONE PLA FOR PUMP DISCHARGE 6' #57 STONE alLAN FOR PUMP DISCHARGE PUMP INTAKE Q
HOSE
a
ATTACHMENT P❑INT ATTACHMENT P❑INT PAM STORAGE TANK INJECT PAM S❑LUTI❑N
SEWN -IN PIPE FOR PUMP DISCHARGE FOR PUMP DISCHARGE INT❑ PUMP INTAKE
GEOTEXTILE FILTER BAG SIZED GEOTEXTILE FILTER BAG SIZED SEWN -%N PIPE
FOR PUMP DISCHARGE DISCHARGE SLEEVE PUMP DISCHARGE FOR PUMP DISCHARGE DISCHARGE SLEEVE PUMP DISCHARGE 7 �°
(MIN. 10°X15') HOSE GEOTEXTILE PAM SOLUTION
ta
(MIN. 10 X15)
GEOTEXTILE p` a
FILTER FABRIC FILTER FABRIC INJECTI❑N PUMP mx ,
PUMP INTAKE
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HOSE
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\ ' / // // // // // / NOTE: DEWATERING PUMP
/j\/j\\\/\\\\\\\\j\\j /\\j\\j\\j\\j\\j\\ j\\ j\\ \ j\\ j\\ j\\ j\\ j\\ j\ NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY AM SOLUTION
INSTALL ON LESS �/\\\\\\\i\\\i\\\i�\\\\\� \���\�/�\�/�\�/��/�/ I JECTI❑N TUBING
6' #57 STONE THAN 5A SLOPE 6' #57 STONE INSTALL ON LESS
aECTION SECTION
UNDISTURBED EARTH THAN 5% SLOPE
NUES
NOTES: UNDISTURBED EARTH
1. FILTER BAG SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF NON -WOVEN FILTER 1. FILTER BAG SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF NON -WOVEN FILTER 6. POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAM) SHALL BE INJECTED BY MEANS OF AN
I-_ u
FABRIC WITH A MIN. a3 OZ/SQUARE YARD WEIGHT FABRIC WITH A MIN. B OZ/SQUARE YARD WEIGHT INJECTION PUMP DIRECTLY INTO THE INTAKE OF THE DEWATERING
2. FILTER BAG FABRIC SHALL HAVE A FLOW RATE OF BO GPM/S.F. 2. FILTER BAG FABRIC SHALL HAVE A FLOW RATE OF BO GPM/S.F. PUMP AT A RATE BETWEEN 1 TO 5 PARTS PER MILLION (PPM).
OR SIZED FOR PUMP DISCHARGE OR SIZED FOR PUMP DISCHARGE 7. THE TYPE AND DOSING RATE FOR THE PAM SHALL BE EXCAVATION
3. SILT BAG SHALL HAVE SLEEVE SEWN -IN SLEEVE FOR RECEIVING DETERMINED BY JAR TESTS CONDUCTED ON-SITE BY QUALIFIED REQUIRING
THE PUMP DISCHARGE AND PUMP HOSE SHALL BE SECURELY 3. SILT BAG SHALL HAVE SLEEVE SEWN -IN SLEEVE FOR RECEIVING PERSONNEL DEWATERING
ATTACHED TO SILT BAG THE PUMP DISCHARGE AND PUMP HOSE SHALL BE SECURELY cn 0
ATTACHED TO SILT BAG 6. CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING BOTH THE
PAM DOSING RATE AND THE STATUS OF THE FILTER BAG DURING
4. SILT BAG SHALL BE REPLACED WHEN HALF FULL OR PUMP
DISCHARGE RATE IS REDUCED ENOUGH TO CAUSE OVERFLOW. 4. SILT BAG SHALL BE REPLACED WHEN HALF FULL OR PUMP OPERATIONS WITHIN THE TROUT BUFFER. CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE ADDITIONAL BAGS AS REQUIRED. DISCHARGE RATE IS REDUCED ENOUGH TO CAUSE OVERFLOW.CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE ADDITIONAL BAGS AS REQUIRED. 9. ALTERNATE BIOPOLYMER INJECTION METHODS WHICH PROVIDE
5. BOTH FILTER BAG AND SILT WITHIN SHALL BE DISPOSED OF IN EQUAL OR SUPERIOR EFFECTIVENESS MAY BE PROPOSED BY THE
5. BOTH FILTER BAG AND SILT WITHIN SHALL BE DISPOSED OF IN CONTRACTOR AND APPROVED BY THE ENGINEER ONLY OF INJECT PAM S❑LUTI❑N
A PROPER MANNER AFTER MATERIAL INSIDE IS DRY, RESULTING A PROPER MANNER AFTER MATERIAL INSIDE IS DRY, RESULTING EFFECTIVENESS CAN BE DEMONSTRATED THROUGH ACTUAL FIELD INT❑ PUMP INTAKE
IN NO DISCHARGE TO THE STREAM IN NO DISCHARGE TO THE STREAM CONDITIONS.
DEWATERING" SILT BAG- DEWATERING SILT BAG WITHIN TROUT BUFFER AREAS- U) z
REVISION DATE - NOVEMBER, 2009 REVISION DATE - DECEMBER, 2010 >ow >_
uu
I�
DEWATERING PUMP SUPPLIED T
BY CONTRACTOR
THE CONTRACTOR Y SELECT EITHER DEWATERING
FITTINGS PER MANUFACTURER FOR
MAINTENANCE GEOTEXTILE SILT � TT AL R SEPARATE AGGSERDETAILS SYSTEM. HOWEVER, O A IAND ACCESS TO BIOPOLYMER SOCKS AND MANIFOLD C�
06
C SATI ILL E A E ASE THE
PUMP SUCTION LINE
®_--
CONTRACTOR'S SELECTION OF EITHER SYSTEM.
uj
GATE VALVE
SWING CHECK VALVE STONE BASE ON FILTER FABRIC MANIFOLD FOR BIOPLOYMER SOCKS. PER DEWATERING BAG DETAILS
LENGTH PER MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATION.
DRAIN VALVE
FITTINGS PER MANUFACTURER FOR MAINTENANCE
AND ACCESS TO BIOPOLYMER SOCKS AND MANIFOLD
I I
� J
I I
DEWATERING PUMP SUPPLIED p N < I I
BY CONTRACTOR GATE VALVE SWING CHECK VALVE GATE VALVES o O0' O
PUMP SUCTION LINE p Q~ y w w c
N
Z O m L>LI W
Z q 5-:
Qf Q
MANIFOLD FOR BIOPLOYMER SOCKS._ _
Z W J O®�� o
F- < in 0 (n Z O
p< U W< Li O
LENGTH PER MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATION. � ® cn o U ® U
DRAIN VALVE
STONE BASE ON FILTER FABRIC
PER DEWATERING BAG DETAILS
GEOTEXTILE SILT DEWATERING
BAGS PER DETAILS BLIND FLANGE FOR ACCESS
TO BIOPOLYMER SOCK ACCESS
GATE VALVE
WYE AND FITTINGS AS REQUIRED
NATES'
PVC PIPE uj
1• FILTER BAG SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF NON -WOVEN FILTER 6. BIOPOLYMER SOCK SYSTEM IS BASED ON STORMKLEAR PRODUCTS 0
FABRIC NTH A MIN. B OZ/SQUARE YARD WEIGHT OR APPROVED EQUAL. BIOPOLYMER SOCK
SWING CHECK
2. FILTER BAG FABRIC SHALL HAVE A FLOW RATE OF 60 GPM/S.F. 7• THE MANIFOLD SYSTEM FOR THE BIOPOLYMER SOCKS SHALL BE 15-30' VALVE
OR SIZED FOR PUMP DISCHARGE CONSTRUCTED BY THE CONTRACTOR PER MANUFACTURER
SPECIFICATIONS. FITTINGS AS
3. SILT BAG SHALL HAVE SLEEVE SEWN -IN SLEEVE FOR RECEIVING REQUIRED o
THE PUMP DISCHARGE AND PUMP HOSE SHALL BE SECURELY 6• ALL TESTING TO DETERMINE MANIFOLD LENGTH AND PRODUCT
ATTACHED TO SILT BAG USE SHALL BE CONDUCTED BY THE MANUFACTURER. L k --,D.
PER MANUFACTURER
4. SILT BAG SHALL BE REPLACED WHEN HALF FULL OR PUMP 9. CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE VARIES
INSTALLED SYSTEM AND ANY REPLACEMENT OF BIOPOLYMER FITTINGS AS
DISCHARGE RATE IS REDUCED ENOUGH TO CAUSE OVERFLOW. NOTE: MANIFOLD PIPE SIZE, SLOPE AND REQUIRED
CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE ADDITIONAL BAGS AS REQUIRED. SOCKS DURING CONSTRUCTION. LENGTH SHALL BE DETERMINED BY
5. BOTH FILTER BAG AND SILT WITHIN SHALL BE DISPOSED OF IN 6• CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING EXCESS
BIOPOLYMER SUPPIER AND/OR MANUFACTURER DRAIN VALVE
A PROPER MANNER AFTER MATERIAL INSIDE IS DRY, RESULTING POLYMER IN THE STREAM, STREAM QUALITY AT THE DISCHARGE BIOPOLYMER SOCK MANIFOLD DETAIL
IN NO DISCHARGE TO THE STREAM AND THE STATUS OF THE FILTER BAG DURING OPERATIONS. SHEET
DEWATERING SILT BAG WITHIN TROUT BUFFER AREAS-
.UTlLlZllN'GI
REVISION DATE - MAY, 2011 1 11 /1 /11 RDH REVISED FOR CONFORMED PLAN SET D6
NO. DATE BY REVISION DESCRIPTION