20000846 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_20090101

Cc: John Dorney (cover memo only)
Coleen Sullins (cover memo only)
Dennis Ramsey (cover memo only)
John Dorney (cover memo only)
Jennifer Frye, WSRO, (cover memo only)
Larry Coble (cover memo only)
c4f-?n?ne?
TO 4;ck,2 W6- 6660
PIEDMONT
AIRPORT AUTHH
ORITY®
Edword A• "Ted- Johnson
Executive Director
Post Office Box 35445 • Greensboro, North Carolina
27425
Greensboro [phone] • Hi
454-3213
Vnston-Salem (336) 721 gh .0088 • Fax [phone] • ted@gsooirorg
Owner and Operator of the Piedmont Triad International Airport j
Willard C. McCartney, Ph.D.
Chief
Technical Environmental Services
¦
Michael Baker Jr., Inc.
770 Lynnhaven Parkway
Suite 240
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
[phone] - Main Office
[phone] - Fax
[phone] - Direct
[e-mail]
RICHARD B. DARLING
Principal Environmental scientist
lpr; -v` ary cow f:^l?a,? J-,kc e 19°1,9
LAWGIBB
GRC)
1-i IP
LAW Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc.
3301 Atlantic Avenue • Raleigh, NC 27604
919-876-0416 • Fax: [phone] Direct: 919-831.8003
E-Mail: [e-mail] • Web Site: www.lawgibb.com
de,
n Kevin J. Baker, P.E.
Project Manager
?J Aviation Services
?G'tt?1lC_ Pe- ICA?
R8, L;-,V'1 IIe
PIEDMONT
TRIAD
AIRPORT AUTHORITY•
Mickie L. Elmore
Director of Development
Post Office Box 35445 • Greensboro, North Carolina 27425
Greensboro [phone] • High Point [phone]
Winston-Salem 1336)72 1_0088 • Fax [phone] • [e-mail]
owner and Operator of the Piedmont Triad International Airport
Gerald R. McCrain. Ph,l) c;h:P
O? s President
crJfJ'ul?G?
11 llaynes Street
suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
919.82S.3433 Telephone
T1Ce 919.828.3518 Fax
[e-mail]
ECOSC1e
gh Pbint Enterprise
Published Daily, Saturday and Suzy Mornings
1009, HIGH POINT, N.C. 27261
- L JOHNSON
Staff Writer
r
NE [phone] FAX [phone]
TOLL FREE [phone] Email:Pjohnson@h
pe.com
0 ker
?P'151 ?
Baker and Associates
A Unit of Michael Baker Corporation
202 CentrePort Drive, Suite 110
Greensboro, North Carolina 27409
[phone]
FAX [phone]
e-mail kjbaker®mbakercorp.com

Gr-e aO`f
5 61

S4euE -ZdD(%t (u x S-
FORM FM-6 (9/98)
Department of Environment and Natural Resources ?e'2
TRAVEL AUTHORIZATION
ACTION REQUESTED
? OUT-OF-STATE TRAVEL
? REIMBURSEMENT AUTHORIZATION
FOR NON-STATE EMPLOYEE
? CONFIRMATION OF VERBAL APPROVAL
V IN-STATE EXCESS
? PREDETERMINED MEAL
DATE SUBMITTED
03 v?.o ``--
X OTHER SF 0 ?U ?J 1(i
TRAVELERS: C; YIV i
aroly, -GFeg Thorpe - 65re?igt!j
TRAVEL TO: ACCOUNTING INFORMATION:
Greensboro NC
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION: SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES tI
MAXIMUM REGISTRATION/TUITION

$ `r7
&
PER DAY $ N/A er
REQUESTING DIVISION OR PIROGRAMi:
Division Director or Section Chief
Division of Water Quality SI TURE DATE
Water Quality Section
Environmental Sciences Branch
Wetlands/401 Unit
Raleigh Liu I l- 6u-rr,,ell i5 6- Ly &L::3 '3J2Jh
DUTY STATION:
TOTAL ESTI AT DITURE DATES OF TRAVEL:
??? April 3, 2001 April 3, 2001
PERIOD BEGINNING PERIOD ENDING
PURPOSE AND EXPLANA O)l?Y REMARKS
A Public Hearing is to be held on April 3, 2001, at the Greensboro Coliseum, (Special Events Center, West Wing B), 1921 West Lee St.,
Greensboro, North Cartgna, by tRee 401/Wetlands Unit. This is in response to an application from the Piedmo6t Triad Airport Authority
and Federal Express (Fe dEx) for an individual Certification for proposed impacts to 14,937 linear feet of jurisdictional perennial and
intermittent streams and 23.39 ages of wetlands. to construct a new runway (5U23R), new overnight express air cargo sorting and
distribution facility, and associated development. This is a controversial project, with organized opposition by residents of the Triad area.
It is necessary to hold this hearing in a large, secure facility in order to accommodate up to 500 anticipated attendees in a safe manner.
The fee of $1,456 includes rental of the facility, use of audio equipment, setup and breakdown of 500 seats and tables, and two police
officers throughout the evening. No DWQ staff-related expenses will be incurred, as we will return to Raleigh following the hearing. I
A copy of the Public Hearing Notice is attached. r
Central Office: John Dorney, John Hennessy, Beth Barnes, Bob Zarzecki, Steve Kroegerttp ?o r?
J/
O
List of other staff members malking trip- /7?
(THIS SECTION FOR MANAGEMENT USE ONLY)
APPROVED AS REQUESTED
Approval is contingent upon availability of funds and subject to limitations imposed by G.S. 138.6.
? APPROVED AS REVISED
? DENIED
COMMENTS OR REPLY s'y?t r
wl}: 4 s; ^nC?1

RENTAL APPROVED; PAID DIRECT BY DENR
AU HORIZE PPROVING OFFI AL DA
Y21"
DISTRIBUTION:
White-Division/File
v v
Yellow-Fiscal Management/Disbursing

Pink-Employee Action Copy
1. G'
Request for Exception to Travel .
Division: DWQ Amount Requested: $1576
Funding Source: 1690-6904_
Type of Funding: Appropriationl?
Purpose of Travel Requirement
This request is to allow for the rental of meeting space for a public hearing in
the Greensboro Coliseum.
Analysis of Need:
The proposed Fed EX Hub in Greensboro has been a controversial issue. In
order for the facility to be constructed, it is necessary for a wetland area to be
filled, requiring a 401 Water Quality Certification. A hearing was started earlier
but due to controversy the meeting was closed without hearing comments.
We are anticipating a large crowd and feel the additional space provided by a
section of the Coliseum will be necessary.
The cost breakout is as follows.
Rental- $1,300
Set-up and security-$156
Insurance* 120
$1576
* Liability insurance is required by the Coliseum. We attempted to use a letter
from stating that we would waive our immunity that is normally accepted by
this type of facility, but the Coliseum would not accept it. The insurance policy
will cover us for up ti $1,000,000 in liability.
Signed:
Division Director???--?-
Approved ? Disapproved Secretary
OF W A T?9 Michael F. Easley
\O? QG Governor
Cq r William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PUBLIC HEARING Kerr T. Stevens
FEDEX/PIEDMONT TRIAD AIRPORT AUTHORITY Division of Water Quality
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
?OA
NV M
Customer Service
1 800 623-7748
PUBLIC NOTICE is hereby given that Federal Express (FEDEX) and the PIEDMONT TRIAD
AIRPORT AUTHORITY have applied to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality for a
Water Quality Certification pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act and Water
Quality Commission rules in 15A NCAC 2B .0101, 15A NCAC 2B .0231 and 15A NCAC 2H
.0500.
The activity for this Certification is sought to impact 14,937 linear feet of jurisdictional perennial
and intermittent streams and 23.39 acres of wetlands to construct a new runway (5L/23R), new
overnight express air cargo sorting and distribution facility, and associated development at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Guilford County. Compensatory mitigation for these
impacts is proposed to restore wetland and stream impacts in excess of a 1:1 ratio.
The public is hereby notified that that the Division of Water Quality will hold a public hearing on
Tuesday, April 3, 2001 starting at 7 p.m. at the Greensboro Coliseum (Special Events Center,
West Wing B), 1921 West Lee St., Greensboro, North Carolina.
The public is invited to comment in writing on the above-mentioned application as well as during
the Public Hearing. Speaking times will likely be limited to 3 minutes maximum per speaker,
with the final time limit to be determined on the day of the hearing depending upon the number of
speaking slots requested. Those wanting to speak, need to register at the hearing and speaking
sequence will be in order of registration. Written comments may be forwarded at any time before
or after the hearing provided they are received by the Division no later than May 2, 2001.
Comments received in response to the previously scheduled hearing on January 29, 2001, will be
included in the record for this hearing. Comments should be sent to the N.C. Division of Water
Quality, 401/Wetlands Unit, 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1650, Attn: Cyndi
Karoly (919-733-1721, FAX: [phone]). The physical address of the 401/Wetlands Unit is
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC, 27604-2260.
Copies of the 401 application, the Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Mitigation Plan are
on file at the DWQ Regional Office at 585 Waughtown St., Winston-Salem, North Carolina
(Winston-Salem Regional Office phone [phone], FAX [phone]) as well as the
Raleigh location listed above during normal business hours (8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) and may be
inspected by the public. Copies of all public comments received are available for review at the
Raleigh location only. File materials may not be removed from any DWQ office, as copy
machines are available.
Kerr T. Stevens
Director
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Date: February 23, 2001
Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 [phone]
I 15A NCAC 01C.0402 is proposed for amendment as follows:
2
3 15A NCAC 01C.0402 LIMITATION ON ACTIONS DURING NCEPA PROCESS
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
is
19
20
21
22
(a) While work on an environmental document is in progress, no agency shall undertake in the interim any
action which might limit the choice among alternatives or otherwise prejudice the ultimate decision on the
issue. A permit approval or other action to approve land disturbing activity or construction of part of the
proiect or action other than those actions necessary for gathering information needed to prepare the
environmental document limits the choice among alternatives and shall not be approved until the final
environmental document for the action is published in the Bulletin and adopted by the agency through the
procedures established by the Department of Administration's Rules for administering NCEPA and this
Subchapter of the Department's rules.
(b) If an agency is considering a proposed action for which an environmental document is to be or is being
prepared, the agency shall promptly notify the initiating party that the agency cannot take final action until
the environmental documentation is completed and available for use as a decision
making tool. The notification shall be consistent with the statutory and regulatory requirements of the
agency and may be in the form of a notification that the application is incomplete.
(c) When an agency decides that a proposed activity, for which state actions are pending or have been
taken, requires environmental documentation then the agency should promptly notify all action agencies of
the decision. When statutory and regulatory requirements prevent an agency from suspending action, the
agency shall deny any action for which it determines an environmental document is necessary but not yet
available as a decision
making tool.
23
24 History Note:
25
26
27
28
Authority G.S. 113A-2; 113A-4; 113A-6; 113A-7; 143B-10;
Eff. August 1, 1959;
Transferredfrom T15-01D.0.102 Eff. November 1, 1959;
Temporary Amendment Eff. August 1, 2000;
Amended Eff April 1, 2001.
,..
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Rc 'wd: Piedmont Triad Airport]
Subject: Re: [Fwd: Piedmont Triad Airport]
Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2001 11:42:35 -0500
From: Jim Mulligan <[e-mail]>
To: Cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>
Dear Cyndi--Thanks. I talked with Glen Dunn yesterday and then again this morning.
He said his interest was in getting direction on topics and hearing format so he
could properly advise his client and the consultants in preparing their
presentations. I advised that while a half an hour would be a good target, it would
to some extent depend on the volume of public comment that we were to receive. He
was also curious re how I would deal with questions form the public, especially
those not directly on water issues. I said that I would ask that questions be
directed to me and that I would refer them to staff or the applicant's
representatives as I saw fit--that is, I may restate or limit the scope of the
question when referred. This is often necessary to cut the response time down and
to prevent the question's answer from becoming a platform for "selling" a particular
point of view not relevant to the original query. It is also possible that the
question will be acknowledged only, with the answer to appear in the hearing
record. He was concerned over inquiries that were directed towards issues raised in
the EIS, but that were not directly WQ in nature. I assured him that water issues
were the principle target, but that sometimes the water impacts came from secondary
activities related to the project that were essentially in another medium--air as a
conduit to the water for dust and other pollutants that then become water issues or
enhancing uncontrolled urban/suburban sprawl where stormwater contributed pollutants
become(or already are) surface water problems. Thus some air issues might be
relevant. Noise, on the other hand, was not an issue that had a water related
link. He seemed ok with the info I provided. Jim Mulligan
Cyndi Karoly wrote:
> fyi. FEDEX has hired an additional consultant, Jerry McCrain, to
> oversee mitigation/water quality issues. He is going to meet with me
> and John this Friday to review the file. I've explained your role to
> him. He will probably be calling you later in the week. I asked him to
> hold off until Thursday or Friday so you'd have time to at least skim
> the pile of info you just got.
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Subject: Re: Piedmont Triad Airport
> Date: Tue, 09 Jan 2001 07:44:20 -0500
> From: John Dorney <[e-mail]>
> To: Jerry Mccrain <[e-mail]>
> CC: Cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>
> References: <11569FD34BDDD41186EE00609451F9EE2451@ESC1>
> good questions but too long to do via email. cyndi karoly (nee bell) is
> contact/coordinator for the project. you may want to come in and talk to us or
> just do the phone thing.
> p.s.you are welcome. i told them that you had the(ir) prerequisites (a PhD) and
> you knew what we had "inflicted" on GTP so you could help keep the process
> up-front.
> Jerry Mccrain wrote:
> > John,
> > Happy New Year! I hope 2001 will be better (and healthier) for you than
> > 2000.
> > I want to thank you for the referral to the Piedmont Triad Airport folks.
I of 2 01/10/01 12:13 PM
Re:,i,Fwd: Piedmont Triad Airport]
> > They are apparently interested in retaining me to assist on a wetland/water
> > quality evaluation as part of the 401 hearing.
> > Can you tell me what DWQ thinks about this project? is it a dog or is it
> > great?
> > Are there outstanding issues that may be troubling? If so, what.
> > I don't see any concrete mitigation. Is this a problem for DWQ and for
> > issuance of the 401?
> > Is DWQ concerned about what is being offered/done to protect water quality?
> > Any issues you would like me to address with the Authority? Any "red flags"
> > you see?
> > Thanks. Jerry.
2 of 2 01/10/01 12:13 PM
[Fwd: Fed-ex info]
Subject: [Fwd: Fed-ex info]
Date: Tue, 09 Jan 200109:21:28 -0500
From: Cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail], [e-mail]
Jim, fyi. Jen, thanks for reminding me. Jim, Ron is still working on
this project in his WRC job.
Subject: Fed-ex info
Date: Mon, 08 Jan 2001 14:43:18 -0500
From: Jennifer Frye <[e-mail]>
Organization: NC DENR Water Quality
To: "cyndi.karoly" <[e-mail]>
Hey Cyndi,
Just received my copy of the info. which you sent to Jim. I wanted to
mention, in case it is important, that Ron Linville also had worked on
this project - I noticed that you had mentioned in the letter the past
and current DWQ staff lucky enough to be involved with this project.
Talk to you soon,
Jen
Jennifer Serafin Frye
Division of Water Quality
NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Winston-Salem Regional Office
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
Voice: 336-771-4608 ext. 275 Fax: [phone]
1 of 1 01/09/01 10:54 AM
Re: Fex Ex 401 Field Work
Subject: Re: Fex Ex 401 Field Work
Date: Thu, 04 Jan 2001 10:49:02 -0500
From: Cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>
To: Jim Mulligan <[e-mail]>
That's cool. I'll be around next week.
Glenn Dunn just called to lobby for his proposed 1/2 hour of presentation
time at the hearing. I told him it will be up to you as to how much time
can be fit in, and that may be a decision you can't make until you can guage
the crowd. I told him to be prepared to have a Plan A and Plan B timewise.
I also told him they need to discuss any details in advace with you with
respect to posters or other presentation materials they might want to put in
the room. He says they'll be glad to work around your schedule for the
field trip. They're actually going to hire another consultant to oversee
the existing one (LAW Engineering) to make sure "things run smoothly" on the
mitigation planning. At least it shows they're taking the mitigation issues
seriously. I also explained to him that we don't need too many Chambers of
Commerce grandstanding about the financial importance of this project, that
instead they'd need to stick to the issues of water quality, wetlands,
streams and mitigation.
He may follow up by calling you. Sorry.
Jim Mulligan wrote:
> Dear Cyndi--I have not forgotten that I would like to schedule some
> field trips to site and mitigation areas re Fed Ex 401. I would like to
> wait until Monday to try to propose dates as I have a couple of other
> things to move first. Jim Mulligan
I of 1 01/04/01 10:26 AM
DEC-20-2000 W D 04;34 PM
4/v4S-61 o11Sr!!'v -I i.?
and NaLLIMI S0Uru-,2S
Division of'Nate Cualit;i
,lanes 5. Hum, r., Govemcr
Bill iman, SS Vatary
i{;rr T. Stevens Diractcr
FAX NO.
r 7
jai
D E N R
Division of Water Quality
Environmentcl*Sc:ences Branch & Wet[lcn/vds/x.01 Unit
Lcc.,tion, ? nJl K-%...y 1JI C-Cl? I?CLaCa
Raleigh, ?N.C. 27607
Meiling Address: 1x:21 iylcii Seriic Cantltar
Rbcmic?:. V.C. 276c, 0
FAX: (c 1 c) 733 "'Vc50
P. 01
FAX TQ:; ?Vi-vI ???_1 I r - G;i I FAX NUMBER:
FROM.,
PHONE:
NO. OF PAGE INCLUDING THIS Ss-I) ;i:
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DEC-20-2000 W ID 04;34 PM FAX NO.
12/iB/00 it; 9 FAX [phone] POYNER 86 SPRIII L LLP

ppY F-R 5PRUILLL.L.R
XMItHroffuW
MEMORAND?'
To: Bin Cooke
From; M. Glenn Dunn
Dais; December 8, 2000
Re: Piedmont Triad Airport AutlMity, Federal PAT
FI
Environmental Matter
P. 02
10002
am Udding yM an ASenda for the Soctiaa Ol Public Hearing revised to include
cbrum } is $rom our meeting. Pleas oYm DoIney to Pete g? ?va1 Ware we get taosfar
t M ot- _As who were prosm t Bud t
into p
1. LabMkuedn This will be done by UE heaI ng officer. `,? ray
The DEM baulug 0MCer will open the h stetiAg the pwrp w of the hearing, and ?W'
osuRU , eslrang those who wad to speak to signu p (if y have not a?dy done so before the
h The hearing officer usually explains that the se is to take cdm=u?ts so than ?
can b taken into emidawinn by DM m malan8 the § a{}1 ficatian decision
p W0 is not to debate issues or resolve disagre meats. I, moy a time limit in the rake of five
(5) uses vrill be imposed as oommcnts. The ' g officer will thuut b3noduce the
ject The above introduction my
apps »s (FT[A) rives who will describe tl?e pro
chi somewhat if the USACbE decides to formal;) ]?:?:?e this a § 40 hearing, but I suspect
1

that ey will simply lave someone present td hstcia. L
U. hllAcri&MBof Praiect
This w9I be done by representatives of the PT
WIAU C% but given the Inge scope ofthe Fojeat, I tend
Shaul I request it in advance. The description sbould b
In L s r the pr1ojmt. We ran best present the ploject
then. EIS and other procedures employed to deto
wet quality and the measurss proposed to mitigate
ap will accomplish this objective.
0 "7
1. Typically, vie would ^?gp -15, 20 ?1 V
think we t,?,y m?Wt?>as. If so, we
objective sad must avoid appearing
thoroughly describing the Project, and
pine potential impacts on wetlmds and
hose impacts. I believe the following
A. aseribe the Gentsls the Fro'
Speaker(s) Ted Johnson. We'WM not
anyone from PedEx present.
Time - 3-4 minutes
3600 Awwwh "K NC 27512 • P.o. ft 10M5, RaWh, NO ?M5•00W • 018,70.6400 Td r 9i9.788,1075 F-
DEC-20-200JWD 04;35PH FAX N0. P. 03
12/18/00 1A% 919 783 1075 POYNER & SPRUI{{Li LLP IQ1009
• Fadcw Exprm's need to locate IACIIJ
Why pM was chosen, briefly seer
]?M bast meets 11 criteriis;
. WojcMd economic benefits, suc
i'ittins ;"to economic plops for PT, k;
• Ncod for buHaing site, parallel `w
why,
pM, s long plan a1r=dY
improvement;
C;gvsistC with FAA's
regarding locally mpported pr'°J
AS.?tria
Describe the 5 maj or
Speaker - Bakes & Associatcs
Time - 4-5 minutes
ldeutify most rcasvnablc alfitmati e9;
r 5 woff-site and owsite fives foz discussion gurposel;
eP
amierally 811 have envirvmnent& pacts;
Why pofesrcd alternative(s) are 'table and Q*=S no riot.
C. I*At%a rgeeta of the Pr+aiia
Speaker(s) - Yaw Blionccring and l
will nwow to wetlands and water q
divide thi$ rep as long as it dots not
Time - 9-10 winutcs

0
iu xesion;
that Feax made det '+dw *'Lt
} 7
yy l ??
y shed in two of ern¢loymcnt a (?
and relocation of roods - exPlain
included much of }his type of
National Trensportn Policy
& Associates. At this ?nd m ? can
related impacts. jLow a
switching speakers too frequently.
categories;
SUMMMim the type of impacts arc caadde"d in the § 401 (and ?
404) process;
Describe vmPacts by category:
- Water qu1ity (fts should get pkdrl lat &#Mt r? J ? ?
U
4
2
DEC-20-2000 WID 04:35 PM
18/8/00 11: 9 FAX [phone]
FAX NO. P. 04
POYNER & sPRVz LLP IdJ OOd
- Wetlands, Separate out sums other wetlands,
- Fish and wildlife;
- Flood plain m3m9ement;
- Water supply;
s it - LSW Fm#nccring and/or 040 expert
4
Time - 9-10 miautes
Wetlands creation, enhaz e d prescrUtion (acreage ? location);
i?
. u'
Stv=water runoff controls;
o . Buffers;
. Limits on total impervious SwMe
b8e m t For this sVow need rho appropaiato PwPle present to
III. u .. should be went aad I
ans'W questions. In adjiition to the above speakers, o viat> Y? nererho is intimataly familiar
also s ggest that Bill Gooks and I be present. We may
with a EIS process, although I don't think tho co nta and rveponm should be allowed to
l?at subject since it is not the topic of this h ' g. I bolieve the people listed abovc cats
fora
te answer mgardiz? e);IS process, but we may want to have
be in sition to provide ad$4ua
sole from (keiner pze=t '
We need to be slue tbat supporters know Of tiie eating and will bo prepared to comment
on =4c and Cpl°?nt benefits sad an a&qc icy of mmmres to avoid and mitigate
eat that they vi as positive. Thane people should bave
on , and other aspects of the pioj will be rbinity to submit them for
vurltt its to submi the h no w the time ' it before the hearing, but no one should
34 aft the bming•
expS t to speak more them five { ;
r??
While we should be prepm'ed to answer questi , tba bowing offiear generalll? will not
wer advasarial or overlY JUdOnletit2l
all azguumant or CfOSS-060r?. or Biped ti79 to
q `=s.
?k so tbcra is no way to /mow how
The beaft officer will try to allow everyoT
hearing officer may encourage
long ft win last. Xf the list of Speaker's g, the
heazm rte the same comments-
sp to consolidate Comm" or defer to others ?
N. Clo 9st g This will be done by the he officer.
1
r
3
DEC-20-2000
12/18/00 11!

D 04 ; 36 PM FAX NO. P. 05
i FAX [phone] POYAR & SPRUI LLP 0003
beariug ofew will amoun+ce that the lecord?
hag that written comments will be accepted duri
gCpapin remainda of the decision mAin$ pto .
is a tentative Aida Y welcome
we VN v4th those who VM& to speak in 9UPP°rt, WC
end to s lmiI written WMn=ts. Ghee wo have s hewi7
to plan pragentation in more detail, and a subsequent
l
in remain Open for 30 days after the
that tiw. Helshe may also bsieflY
the hearing will be e10scd.
uDnents lam all wb o rMCw IL Vhen
rind advise it is best to sPe& b"y
sc dined, we should have a meWA$
u-
c to do a Mu
i
,0.1 tivIEW 4
.10
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i1
i?
FEDEX/PTIA Public Hearing
Subject: FEDEX/PTIA Public Hearing
Date: Thu, 14 Dec 2000 16:19:49 -0500
From: Cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail],
[e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail],
[e-mail], [e-mail],
[e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail]
We have a date, time and place for the FEDEX/PTIA Public Hearing. It
will be at the Guilford County Agricultural Center at 3309 Burlington
Road in Greensboro on Monday, January 29, 2000 from 7:00 p.m. until
10:00ish.
As soon as I can catch up with Hearing Officer Jim Mulligan to confirm
details, I'll contact the applicant, work on the Public Notice to
newspapers, generate maps, and so on. I expect to have all the
time-sensitive details completed during the week of 12/18. In the
meantime, please mark this 1/29/01 date on your calendar. This will not
be a joint hearing with the Corps as they have elected not to hold a
hearing, although the Corps will be in attendance at our hearing.
We all owe Jennifer Frye our thanks for suggesting a no-charge location
for the hearing. I was hitting numerous dead ends with places under
construction, charging fees we can't afford, or simply not responding to
my calls. Thanks for saving us all a lot of time Jen. Also thanks
Ernie for providing the current media info.
1 of 1 12/18/00 11:19 AM
Fed Ex 401
Subject: Fed Ex 401
Date: Mon, 04 Dec 2000 17:55:56 -0500
From: Coleen Sullins <[e-mail]>
To: Jim Mulligan <[e-mail]>
CC: Dennis Ramsey <[e-mail]>,
Cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>, John Dorney <[e-mail]>
Jim - we need a hearing officer for the Fed Ex expansion of the runway
at Greensboro. Since the issues on this one are very similar to the
GTP, we thought you would be a good candidate for hearing officer. The
issues are the wetland and stream impact associated with runway
extension, location in a water supply watershed and of course noise (not
a water quality issue). I'll ask Cyndi and John to get with you on
details. Tommy has concurred on you as the hearing officer. Thanks
Coleen
1 of 1 12/05/00 8:23 AM

-------- --- ----- -----

iu_---
'?'
_. ._?:I
file:///Untitled
1 of 2
Dear Cyndi--Thanks for all the leg work on this. I am somewhat uneasy about the nature and status of
the project from the brief overview and the field trips last week. The bottom-land hardwood swamp
forest and associated stream that is to be impacted is indeed somewhat remarkable in that it still exists in
a location so generally urban/suburban. It is no wonder the sponsers are having a tough time finding
mitigation sites. A new proposal regarding the construction methods on the taxiway nearest the FedEx
building complex seems to be in order before a claim of minimization of impacts could be made
successfully. Moving from the runway, they plan to bridge an existing road, but fill and culvert the
stream and wetlands. This would tend to isolate the segment upstream from the rest of the
wetland/stream complex downstream. The sponsers noted in our meeting last Thursday that they
considered, but dismissed the option of constructing a bridge as being too costly. Since the bridge would
have to be quite wide to meet FAA safety requirements it would appear somewhat as a tunnel
anyway(likely precluding normal vegetation growth), but some attempt should be made to significantly
increase the likelihood of biological interconnection of the segments that will remain. The mitigation
sites that we were shown seem isolated and unlikely to serve as the areas proposed for impact now do.
All have the limitation that they now serve as portions of urban "pocket parks". This current and future
use plus their small size and lack of interconnection would seem to constrain their use in ways now
present in , along and adjacent to the areas proposed for impacts due to the project. I say size is an issue
without actually having run the numbers, but we saw nothing approaching 15,000 linear feet of stream in
the proposed mitigation areas, quality and effectiveness of project aside. This is the source of my
malaise--probably not equal in a one for one trade and not enough even if judged equal. And we have to
go to public hearing with this in seven days! ! There would be little hope at all were it not that the
sponsers have hired some of the best in the business( from comments on their reputations from staff).
Do we have a responsibility to convey our concerns to the sponsers? Jim Mulligan

The Raleigh crew should plan to leave Raleigh at lpm on Jan 29. Plan on
1 1/2 hours to get there if traffic's bad. We'll need about 2 1/2 hours
to set up the room. We'll have time for an early quick dinner (longer
if we make good time), then need to be back at the site by 6pm at the
latest. You can count on helping to set up and break down 250 chairs,

a few tables, and other odd tasks before and after the hearing. During
the hearing, we'll need help with sign-in and assisting attendees or the
Hearing Officer and me in processing speakers and paperwork.
I wish I could predict how many people will show up, but I can't. This
is a huge project (15,000 linear feet of stream impacts, 24+ acres of
Cyndi Karoly wrote:
The FEDEX Public Hearing is on for Monday, January 29, 2001 at 7pm
the Guilford County Agriculture Center (just east of Greensboro, near
I-40). The following Central Office staff members have volunteered to
help with the hearing, pending any last-minute conflicts on their
schedules: Bob Zarzecki, Beth Barnes, Steve Kroeger and Shannon
Stewart. Dorney may also be able to attend due to schedule changes. I
have signed out the Tahoe for the helpers' use on January 29. I will b
driving the wagon separately, as I will be spending the night in case
our Hearing Officer Jim Mulligan needs to do any additional field
reviews on January 30. The helpers do not need to spend the night,
although you should expect to be driving back to Raleigh very late in
the evening. Jennifer Frye and Larry Coble from the Winston Regional
Office will also be at the hearing.
;i6;/ C 01,M-1 3/01 4:35 PM
file:///Untitled
wetlands, in a part of the state where such resources are rare and
mitigation is especially problematic). There is vocal, organized
opposition to this project in the form of the Piedmont Quality of Life
Coalition, and they have lawyers and press attention. When Jim and I
were in Greensboro last week, FEDEX was front-page news and on the local
TV stations, but there was no mention of our hearing. What is very
weird is that we (DWQ) have not personally heard from any of the
opponents, and the Corps only got one complaint letter. This is despite
our efforts to publicize the hearing with Public Notices in 3 papers,
mass-mailings, and a listserve notice, and our PIO will put out a press
release on Tuesday Jan 23. We should count on a full house anyway,
along with a late (i.e. I Ipm) hearing. Or it may turn out quiet. Two
more big articles hit the paper on 1-20-01. And in a truly surreal turn
of events, Country Music Legend and 5-time Grammy Award Winning
Guitarist Doc Watson will be performing in a FEDEX protest concert at
Guilford College on Sunday, the day before our hearing.
I will pass out a map to the hearing site for those of you who will be
driving from Raleigh. I really appreciate your help. This is going to
be an interesting one. If you have any questions, or need to bow out of
volunteering, please see me. Thanks.
2 of2 01/22/014:35 PM
file:///Untitled
Dear Cyndi--Thanks for all the leg work on this. I am somewhat uneasy about the nature and status of
the project from the brief overview and the field trips last week. The bottom-land hardwood swamp
forest and associated stream that is to be impacted is indeed somewhat remarkable in that it still exists in
a location so generally urban/suburban. It is no wonder the sponsers are having a tough time finding
mitigation sites. A new proposal regarding the construction methods on the taxiway nearest the FedEx
building complex seems to be in order before a claim of minimization of impacts could be made
successfully. Moving from the runway, they plan to bridge an existing road, but fill and culvert the
stream and wetlands. This would tend to isolate the segment upstream from the rest of the
wetland/stream complex downstream. The sponsers noted in our meeting last Thursday that they
considered, but dismissed the option of constructing a bridge as being too costly. Since the bridge would
have to be quite wide to meet FAA safety requirements it would appear somewhat as a tunnel
anyway(likely precluding normal vegetation growth), but some attempt should be made to significantly
increase the likelihood of biological interconnection of the segments that will remain. The mitigation
sites that we were shown seem isolated and unlikely to serve as the areas proposed for impact now do.
All have the limitation that they now serve as portions of urban "pocket parks". This current and future
use plus their small size and lack of interconnection would seem to constrain their use in ways now
present in, along and adjacent to the areas proposed for impacts due to the project. I say size is anissue
without actually having run the numbers, but we saw nothing approaching 15,000 linear feet of stream in
the proposed mitigation areas, quality and effectiveness of project aside. This is the source of my
malaise--probably not equal in a one for one trade and not enough even if judged equal. And we have to
go to public hearing with this in seven days! ! There would be little hope at all were it not that the
sponsers have hired some of the best in the business( from comments on their reputations from staff).
Do we have a responsibility to convey our concerns to the sponsers? Jim Mulligan
Cyndi Karoly wrote:
The FEDEX Public Hearing is on for Monday, January 29, 2001 at 7pm at
the Guilford County Agriculture Center (just east of Greensboro, near
I-40). The following Central Office staff members have volunteered to
help with the hearing, pending any last-minute conflicts on their
schedules: Bob Zarzecki, Beth Barnes, Steve Kroeger and Shannon
Stewart. Dorney may also be able to attend due to schedule changes. I
have signed out the Tahoe for the helpers' use on January 29. I will be
driving the wagon separately, as I will be spending the night in case
our Hearing Officer Jim Mulligan needs to do any additional field
reviews on January 30. The helpers do not need to spend the night,
although you should expect to be driving back to Raleigh very late in
the evening. Jennifer Frye and Larry Coble from the Winston Regional
Office will also be at the hearing.
The Raleigh crew should plan to leave Raleigh at lpm on Jan 29. Plan on
1 1/2 hours to get there if traffic's bad. We'll need about 2 1/2 hours
to set up the room. We'll have time for an early quick dinner (longer
if we make good time), then need to be back at the site by 6pm at the
latest. You can count on helping to set up and break down 250 chairs,
a few tables, and other odd tasks before and after the hearing. During
the hearing, we'll need help with sign-in and assisting attendees or the
Hearing Officer and me in processing speakers and paperwork.
I wish I could predict how many people will show up, but I can't. This
is a huge project (15,000 linear feet of stream impacts, 24+ acres of
1 of 2 01/22/014:41 PM
file:///Untitled
wetlands, in a part of the state where such resources are rare and
mitigation is especially problematic). There is vocal, organized
opposition to this project in the form of the Piedmont Quality of Life
Coalition, and they have lawyers and press attention. When Jim and I
were in Greensboro last week, FEDEX was front-page news and on the local
TV stations, but there was no mention of our hearing. What is very
weird is that we (DWQ) have not personally heard from any of the
opponents, and the Corps only got one complaint letter. This is despite
our efforts to publicize the hearing with Public Notices in 3 papers,
mass-mailings, and a listserve notice, and our PIO will put out a press
release on Tuesday Jan 23. We should count on a full house anyway,
along with a late (i.e. l lpm) hearing. Or it may turn out quiet. Two
more big articles hit the paper on 1-20-01. And in a truly surreal turn
of events, Country Music Legend and 5-time Grammy Award Winning
Guitarist Doc Watson will be performing in a FEDEX protest concert at
Guilford College on Sunday, the day before our hearing.
I will pass out a map to the hearing site for those of you who will be
driving from Raleigh. I really appreciate your help. This is going to
be an interesting one. If you have any questions, or need to bow out of
volunteering, please see me. Thanks.
2 of 2 01/22/01 4:41 PM
MAY-2-2001 01:51P FROM:WEST ROCK C OF C 1 336 548 4466 TO:19197336893 P:1"1
K.CC
Ma&TOn+Mayo4n • sla"O. la
May 2, 2001
Mr. Greg. Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water. Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference; Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certif cation
Proposed FedEx.Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
Western Rockingham Chamber of Commerce, located in Madison, 'NC, is submitting this letter as
public comment that we are in full support of FedEx Distribution Hub proposed to be constructed
at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina. The Federal Express
project is extremely important to the future growth and diversification of the Piedmont Triad
region. Rockingham County and in particular the Madison, Mayodan,. Stoneville side has
experienced large job losses. due to the decline of the textile and tobacco industry.
Based on testimony at the Water Quality Public Hearing in March 2001, there will stream and
wetland impacts based on the proposed site plan. Existing state and federal regulations, allow for
stream and wetland impacts under regulated guidelines. Those regulations are addressed as part of
the 494/401 permitting process.
The Piedmont Triad. Airport Authority (PTAA) testified. at the Water Quality Public Hearing in
.March 2001that it was prepared to meet the conditions required by the Corps of Engineers and NC
Department of Water Quality in order to receive a 404/401 permit. The PTAA has submitted
appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans,
erosion control. planns, etc.), to begin the. permitting .process.
It is our opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401. Water
Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed. We would also ask that the NCDWQ
move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
spieccttfuully,,
onald R. Joyce
Director
Wesferm Rockingham Chamber of Commerce
112 West Murphy Street, Madison, NC 27025 336-548-6248 • Fax: [phone]
MAY- 2-01 WED 3;:1 PM CHAMBER FAX KO. 336 349 3495 F. 1
REIDSVILLE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE P O. BOX 1020 REIDSVILLE, NC 27323-1020
[phone] FAX[phone] E-Mail: reidcofcovnet.net .
April 30, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
clo Ms. Cyadi Karoly
NC Division of 'W'ater Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedFx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
We are submitting this letter as public comment that we are in full support of 1'edEx Distribution
Hub proposed to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North
Carolina. The Federal Express project is extremely importault to the future growtb aild
diversification of the Piedmont Triad region. Our county has experienced large job losses daze to
the decline of the textile and tobacco industry.
The Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA,) testified at the Water Quality Public Hearing in
March 2001that it was prepared to meet the conditions required by the Corps of Rnsineers alid
NC Department of Water Quality in order to receive a 4041401 permit. The PTAA has submitted
appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans; strearn/wetland witigation plans.
erosion control plans, etc.) to begin the permitting process.
We ask that the ETC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) issue the 401 Water Quality
Certification allowing the project to proceed. We 'Would also ask that the NCDWQ move
quickly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Respectfully,
&"'? ?
Brenda Durham.
President

fa
512 Audubon Dr.
Greensboro, NC 27410
April 19, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Div. of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Re: Federal Express Hub
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
First, thank you for a well run meeting at the Greensboro Coliseum earlier this month.
I oppose the FedX hub project as I feel the environmental concerns (both certain and
probable) far outweigh the benefits (assuming there are any really).
Water is a precious requirement especially for us in this area. Even when the Randleman
Dam project is completed, we will still not be "water rich". Given the initial natural upset
caused by the project and potential for continual environmental damage by planes and
trucks, I am against this project and feel the water quality certification should not be
issued.
Respectfully yours,
/2
Fred Ashworth

April 18, 2001
,'PR 2 7 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I support the proposed addition of a FedEx distribution hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in
Greensboro, North Carolina. It is my understanding that streams and wetlands will be impacted
based on the proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations that are
designed to help minimize the impacts of development to streams and wetlands. As part of the
process of obtaining 401/404 water quality certification, certain conditions must be met. If the
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets the associated conditions by submitting
appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans,
erosion control plans, etc.), it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ)
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed. It should be
noted that this project is extremely important to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region.
During the past decade, local job losses in textiles and tobacco have had a devastating impact on
our region. In the interest of the local economy, it is crucial that the NCDWQ move swiftly in
issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
Michael T. Brame
812 Pinoak Road
Greensboro, NC 27455
Nigh PO NT
Good
*C..d
Rods proMrotiyg Bm6m
HIGH POINT
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
P R272001
April 17, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
C/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
We are submitting this letter as public comment that we are in full support of the
proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the
proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations that allow for stream
and wetland impacts as long as certain conditions are met and those conditions are
addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport
Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation
(stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is our opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should
issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed.
It should be noted that this project is extremely important to the continued success of area
businesses and to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the
job losses in textiles and tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region.
We would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality
Certification for the project.
Sincerely, /
J y Mendenhall, President
1101 NORTH MAIN ST. • P.O. Box 5025 -HIGH POINT, N.C. 27262-5025 • [phone] • FAx [phone] • www.highpointchambenorg
April 12, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed FedEx
distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in
Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the proposed
site plan. There are existing State and Federal regulations that allow for stream and wetland
impacts as long as certain conditions are met, and those conditions are addressed as part of the
404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets those
conditions by submitting the appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans,
stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans, etc.), then it is my opinion that the NC
Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for
allowing the project to proceed.
It should be noted that this project is extremely important to the continued success of my
business and to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in
textiles and tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
Brian E. Maas
5408 Pigeon Cove Road
Greensboro, NC 27410
AN/
CAPITAL ASSOCIATES
230 North Elm Street • Suite 1250 • Greensboro, NC 27401 •336/333-2288 • 336/ 333-9808 (Fax) • www.casso.com
April 16, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
N.C. Division of Water quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Re: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed
FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
2 7 2'J
There are existing state and federal regulations that allow for stream and wetland impacts
as long as certain conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the
404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets
those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation, then it is my opinion that the
N.C. Department of Water quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401 Water Quality
Certification for allowing the project to proceed.
It should be noted that this project is extremely important to the continued success of the
future growth of the Piedmont Triad region.
Sincerely,
CAPITAL ASSOCIATES
/Z?? 4. 4414X?
Paula G. Edwards
Regional Manager
4
Springfield Place The Crescent The Summit
700 Spring Forest Road 1100 Crescent Green 4101 Lake Boone Trail
Raleigh, NC 27609 Cary, NC 27511 Raleigh, NC 27607
919/981-5951 919/233-9901 919/783-0981
919/981-5906 (Far,) 919/233-9905 (Fax) 9191783-5531 (Fax)
Renaissance Plaza
230 North Elm Street
Greensboro, NC 27401
3361333-2288
336/333-9808 (Fax)
IR-L-e?s
----------- T
SURVEYING
Regional Land Surveyors, Inc.
P.O. Box 35341 Greensboro, NC 27425 [phone]
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
Jf`rl' 2 7 2001
[phone] Fox
April 18, 2001
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed FedEx
distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in
Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the proposed
site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations that allow for stream and wetland
impacts as long as certain conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the
404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets those
conditions by submitting appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans,
stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans, etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC
Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for
allowing the project to proceed.
It should be noted that this project is extremely important to the continued success of my
business and to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in
textiles and tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
Gale M. Brown
3968 Lewiston Road
Summerfield, NC 27358
r1r
co?
G
3609 Wildflower Drive
Greensboro, NC 27410 ,n ..
April 19, 2001
Mr. Dempsey Benton, Chief Deputy Secretary
N. C. Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
1601 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
Dear Mr. Benton:
Please find enclosed petitions, signed by 153 residents of the Well-Spring
Retirement Community, opposed to the construction of the proposed FedEx hub
at the Piedmont Triad International Airport for reasons cited in the petition.
Sincerely,

Fernand Schlaeppi, rman
Well-Spring Residents Committee Opposed to the FedEx Hub
Enclosure

To whom it may concern:
PETITION
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is'/z mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
Print Name
Date

f 51.
C li a4 G?{ i .5- zl"Lncun

M4(1414?t?r
4W///'r;0M 5. Cross

6_.c ev r C Pass

f 2 Y Yl Gf N c? S C' A L ?r e y??ri
O f/2S? O ?

.3 211 v/

?a .316 - 0 1

? ? >4 9fio!
?Z '0?
?/LMJ
To whom it may concern: PE FUION
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is % mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the iMpact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature

G? P

Print Name
Date

AP ri S e_ >9 r1 3-a8-o1
&T-5i J ` 3 - I ?' I -
Nancy R. Hudson 3/29/01
_:(?.?rc ,mil f '?_? ? C ?' / F• (? ,?j v? .
P14 (LIP -it P v(2 ej? v---z2 /a/
row
I3c 41va%c= L . ?q,? T E2 3 9 a?
FAZZ-Al _4_&ZJT? 4q/ '? 0,0 1
lu)
1'EAITION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is'/2 mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
Print Name Date

G?
--f
1?4
eel
?:3;3? ZAj
0/
/47

zoo ?
PETITION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is % mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
Print Name
Date
l
r

Oet+%,
`r
A

,1U46\j 3-a9?o?ao?
-?7

f
o&_)_ 7Z fe id-A
QUO

z 0
oh
ril -A '/V
Pty, VI'FION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is 112 mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature Print Name Date
/I/? 3.1

? Q G

RR i l-L 3i a

J p A n M. %l ??v
.e- r 3 9-d1
14Z&

3-30-01
dw/? , W,
f
PETITION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and theFedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is'/ mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
Print Name
Mar(
Date
3 h f k/

1- 2 F,

_gAolo
-T-
HELL-Fl ?NR aJ...lO/
r ?r v, of
v c+? t ct ?S a D f
a 3 3? o?

au 6
PETITION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the-Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is 112 mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
Print Name
Date

ad?711 a- (?. - ?'U'kv _" - -
L(0)_6MA f1156 of

- f
? Z12)

r. l?
To whom it may concern: PET FION
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is '/z mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
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PETITION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
cut Istruction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
Internalirnial Airport Well-Spring is'/;, mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life
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To whom it may concem: PETITION
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is'/ mile from the DNL 65dB'noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature

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PETI'T'ION
To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Weil-Spring is % mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
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To whom it may concem: PETITION
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
co(Islruction of the proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is'/ mile from the DNL 65d8 noise contour, and we
expert that the inipacl of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life
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Date

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To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
cunstruction of (tie proposed parallel runway and the FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Well-Spring is•'/2 mile from the DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature
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Print Name Date
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Greensboro NC C 27410-8800
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To whom it may concern:
We the undersigned residents of the Well-Spring Retirement Community oppose
construction of the proposed parallel runway and the.FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
Inter riatiorial Airport. Well-Spring is % mile from the:DNL 65dB noise contour, and we
expect that the impact of noise and pollution will be detrimental to our health and quality
of life.
Signature

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Mr. ;& Mrs. Edward L. Getchell, Jr,
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j§1(m wen-Spring ur, V 4&a-
6reensboro, NC 27410 .
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%`.PR 2 7 2001
Re: DWQ/Review for FedEx's hub proposal for Wetlands
certification/401 application
Animal agriculture may now be the largest industry in N.C.
The environmental issues associated with it have changed
the face of NC. The industry grew before we fully realized
its' environmental ramifications. Would you allow it to
happen the same way all over again? Probably not.
You have the opportunity to prevent an environmental
disaster before it happens because you have been appraised
of all the environmental ramifications surrounding the
proposed industrial development, and you can verify them
by reviewing existing information at other established hubs.
Guilford County is the third largest in population in the
state. In every other area of the United States where an air
hub was located in similarly populated area thousands of
homes were condemned and destroyed due to
environmental causes.
Will you allow FedEx to come into our neighborhood and
condemn and take our homes, damage our families,
potentially create learning disabilities with our children,
pollute our air and water, and take an entire section of our
region and cause no one to want to live there? There will
be no restrictions on when and where planes take off and
land, and the size of the airplanes.
V.
FedEx may or may not create a significant number of jobs;
it depends on whose experts are quoted. But even if they
don't create those jobs, we will continue to subsidize their
property taxes and continue to deal with the noise, air
pollution, and water pollution problems now and for
evermore. Once FedEx is here, we are stuck with them for
ever.
I know that this is a "water quality permit review" and
noise is not your concern, but as a representative of
environmental quality in North Carolina we beseech you to
be involved.
I am seriously concerned about Groundwater Discharge.
Construction on the land that is being built over to
accommodate the FedEx hub will create a condition that
will eliminate in our watershed, in an average year, over 57
million gallons of Groundwater Discharge that contributes
to maintain dry weather stream flow. This, within a few
miles of the water supply of two major cities can not
practically be mitigated and I ask you not to allow it to
happen. Hold this development to standards and conditions
that will protect our floodplains, our buffers, and out wet
lands. FedEx is not a public agency, but a private company;
and as such should be held to a higher standard.
You must not let the men, women; and children of Guilford
County be sacrificed for the purpose of allowing a private
company to add a few more dollars to their profits.
Your job is to protect our environment no matter how
powerful the group advocating environmental lottery, no
matter how much money they spend, no matter how many
hired experts they pay to rationalize the dangers.
It has to be clear to you that hired experts will say anything
to further their clients best interest. The experts for FedEx
stated at the hearing that we should not be concerned about
the harmful substances such as de-icer, fuel residue; etc.
that come off the airplane in flight because they will be
dispersed. That is a lot of baloney. They have to go
somewhere, and that somewhere is the air, ground, and
water that make up the headwaters of our drinking supply.
If this project is approved, it will basically turn the
headwaters area for the water supply for Greensboro and
High Point into a petroleum waste area with no opportunity
for natural attenuation.
We are asking you to put people and environment over
power and money. Do not allow an entire region to be
destroyed as a result of the many environmental risks
associated with the FedEx hub. Do not look back ten years
from now and say I could have prevented that disaster in
what was once one of the best places in the country to live.
Please, please protect us. Thank you.
J
Respectfully submitted,
David S. Evans
5102 Laurinda Drive
Greensboro, NC 27410
336 282 5170

rM
Post Office Box 3427
Greensboro, N.C. 27402
[phone]
April 18, 2001
Guilford County 2 7 200
11
ADVISORY BOARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Cindi Karoly
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
Reference: Request for Extension of Public Comment Period for 401 Permit Application
Proposed Runway 5L/23R, Proposed New Air Cargo Sorting
and Distribution Facility and Associated Development
Piedmont Triad International Airport
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Ms. Karoly:
The Guilford County Advisory Board for Environmental Quality (ABED) is in the process of
reviewing the 401 Permit Application for the proposed runway 5L/23R, proposed new air cargo
sorting and distribution facility and associated development at Piedmont Triad International
Airport(PTIA). The ABEQ is a 21-member board appointed by the Board of County
Commissioners to assist in carrying out the County's responsibilities to protect the safety, health,
and welfare of the public. The only information we have to date concerning storm water
management was provided to the ABEQ in April 2000 in the form of a presentation by Mr.
Mickey Elmore of the PTIA and Kevin Baker of Baker Engineering. The stormwater
management plan as presented to the ABEQ was a conceptual plan that did not include any
detailed description mitigation measures.
We feel thafthe stormwater management plan is an integral part of the 401 Permit application
review process and should be reviewed concurrently with the 401 Permit application. Much of
the down stream impact associated with this proposed project is related to stormwater run off
generated by the large concentration of impervious surfaces and disturbed areas.
We request that the 30-day public comment period be extended to allow sufficient time for
ABEQ to receive and review a complete stormwater management plan. As an official board of
Guilford County we feel we should be allowed an extension due to the relevance of this issue to
the public health and environmental quality of this county. We appreciate your consideration of
this matter. If you have any questions please contact me at [phone] or [e-mail].
Sincerely,
Advisory Board for Environmental Quality
g ? w-S
Joseph P. Best, P.G.
Chairman
Cc: Board of County Commissioners

modified with multi-stage inlets to store floodwater, reducing post-development peaks to
pre-development.)
Extended wet detention wetlands can be both upstream and downstream of each stream
crossing. For upstream wetlands, some grading of the reservoir bottom is advised to give
the greatest area at a three foot depth. Downsteam wetlands should be constructed off-
line, thus will require separate piping to direct the flow to them. Because of the
waterfowl problem, permanent water levels should not exceed 3 feet. At this depth and
planted to emergent vegetation, like cattails, the open water should be eliminated, thus
making them unattractive to Canada geese.
With this approach, flood peaks can be reduced to pre-development (for the 25 year
storm), and the majority of the pollutants can be captured on site.
Richard L. hillips, P. E.
Member, ABE Q

Post Office Box 3427
Greensboro, N.C.27402
[phone]
Guilford County
ADVISORY BOARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ADDITIONAL STATEMENT
Piedmont Triad International Airport
March 30, 2001
This is to provide additional comments by the Guilford County Advisory Board for
Environmental Quality on the proposed FedEx project..
In the Stormwater Management Plan presented April 6, 2000, a table is shown with
NCDENR TSS removal:
Wet Pond 85%
Dry Pond 50%
Grassed Swale 35%
Pocket Wetland 35%
Extended Detention Wetland 85%
These were said to be additive in combination. In other words, if a grassed swale is used
above a dry pond, the combination was said to be 50 + 35 = 85% removal. We have
serious doubts about this.
The removal rates are excessive. Grassed swales are able to remove only a small fraction
of the sediment (the sand particles), in our opinion 10 % or less.. The experience in
Guilford County with watershed protection has shown dry ponds to be almost completely
ineffective in trapping sediments, usually again only the coarser material. The trapping
efficiency depends upon the release rate, but our experience would place this in the 20-
40% range. Thus, the combination of grassed swales and dry ponds if used together
would be less than 50 %, closer to 40%. And, after all grading, paving, and building are
completed, there will be very few soil particles (TSS) coming from this project.
The pollutants of most concern are nutrients, oil and grease, rubber, heavy metals,
pesticides and deicing agents, many in the soluble state. A dry pond will do very little to
remove these.
Wet detention ponds are the ideal mechanism to provide flood control and remove
pollutants, and are required by Guilford County regulations. However, if used here they
would attract waterfowl, thus this is not a viable option. It appears to us the only option
available is a combined flood control structure with extended wet detention wetlands.
(All culverts receiving flow from the impervious and disturbed areas can easily be
.w ' V
In our review of the information available to us, we find nothing to indicate that our concerns have been
addressed, particularly in the Brush Creek Watershed with 325 acres of impervious surfaces added (over
90% of the total.) We find a lengthy discussion of on-site mitigation along Horsepen Creek, but mostly
silence as to mitigation measures in the Brush Creek watershed. It is our strong belief that structural
measures for flood control and pollution abatement are absolutely necessary, must be incorporated into the
grading plan, and must be resolved before the 401 and 404 permits are granted. It is apparent that the
overall plan has omitted these critical measures.
We can only conclude that the Airport Authority is either unwilling or unable to properly address these
issues, thus have failed to meet the standards in 15A NCAC 02B.0231, particularly (1) and (3). For the
above reasons, we at our Board believe the plan is seriously deficient in these two major aspects and as
such the 401 permit should be denied.
? c
J seph Best, P. G.
Chairman, ABEQ
chard L. Phillips, P. E. /
Member, ABEQ
g ?
Guilford County
420 ADVISORY BOARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
POSITION STATEMENT
Post Office Box 3427 Piedmont Triad International Airport
Greensboro, N.C. 27402 March 30, 2001
[phone]
The Guilford County Board for Environmental Quality (ABEQ) advises the Guilford County
Commissioners on environmental matters. It is composed of citizens appointed by the Commissioners who
represent the public and provide professional expertise. Members include lawyers, professional engineers,
landscape architects, geologists, developers, and various scientists. This is the position of the Board on
water issues (water quantity and quality) involved with the FedEx project. We are mindful of the other
very serious issues of noise and air pollution, which we will address in the future.
There are five deleterious water issues associated with this development, which we previously stated in our
first position statement of May 12, 1999. These are: (i p
• Groundwater discharge that contributes to maintenance of dry weather flow will be eliminated
by the addition of 350 acres of impervious surfaces. This is estimated at million gallons of water
per average year, based on the Reedy Fork gage. Groundwater discharge surfaces as base flow in the
streams, providing needed water during the dry months to the Greensboro water supply reservoirs.
• Erosion and sedimentation from over 800 acres of disturbed land
• Damage to existing wetlands and streams
• Increased flooding from the impervious surfaces, particularly 325 acres in the Brush Creek Watershed
Overland runoff will increase from approximately 5 inches per year (measured presently at a nearby
USGS gage) to over 27 inches. Peak flows will increase about five times, causing serious downstream
flooding, particularly on Brush Creek.
• Increased discharge of pollutants from impervious surfaces, like oil, grease, heavy metals, rubber,
nutrients, pesticides, deicing agents, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids.
It has been the opinion of our Board that the groundwater discharge issue cannot be mitigated. Simply
stated, once the soil is paved over, there is no chance for infiltration and all precipitation runs off. Thus
there is no downward flow of water to the regolith-fractured rock aquifer system that stores groundwater
and functions as a conduit to route groundwater to discharge areas, that is, the streams.
As to erosion and sedimentation, North Carolina has a fairly strong law on this. This will be satisfactory if
the law is adhered to and if the State will enforce it rigorously. However, with the best plan and strict
enforcement, it is difficult to capture all the sediment, particularly the fine-grained material, perhaps
capturing something over half of it.
Damage to existing wetlands and streams seems to be adequately covered by the 401 Application.
On the flooding and pollutant discharge issues, our Board is convinced these can be mitigated. We have
tried to work with the Airport Authority on these, with some sixteen contacts--meetings, calls, and letters--
since the first meeting with Mr. Ted Johnson, February 9, 1999. From the beginning, Mr. Johnson assured
us that all our concerns would be addressed, and that they would be met in the overall Stormwater
Management Plan. At our request, this Plan was presented to our Board on April 7, 2000. Before this
meeting, we had asked on two occasions for specific details as to methods for reducing flood peaks and
removing pollutants. The plan presented was only a conceptual plan, generic in nature, and lacked the
specifics we had requested.
MAY 01 101 01:10PM P•5/7
MAY-01-21001 13:56 FROM: TU:123 P.O0m
Mr. Greg ThOrpe
April 30, 2001
Page 3
T understand that the plan submitted by the Airport Autltotity seeks to mitigate the
wetlands diminution by creating wetlands in Alarnance Cauuty and elsewhere Aow is this
mitigation at all'? Hoer can Such mitigation in Alamancc County acid otber distant
vaPlaces c on of 4t
Greensboro in protecting the integrity of its precious water supply tbxoug P
wetlands"? Obviously, sueb so-called mitigation elsewhere is Do mitigation at all for the
problcins; this construction will cause in Greensboro and Guilford County,
The destruction of ground water by impervious surfaces, together with the dest,iuction.
of wetland acreage, will be camulative and devastating, aad o rnot be nlitigAted_ The
proposed FedEx construction on Brusb Creek will Barry vast tons of s diiment dow linen the creek of
into Lakes Higgins, l;randt and Townsend, parucuWly Eligg rst in . All
those lakos are the water supply for Greensboro- Entire portions of Lake Riga ins will be
filled, and the lake corrupted by oils, deicers, rubber from, tires, heavy metals, rubber
nutrients, pesdeidcs and total suspended solids and total dissolved solids. 'T'his will be erosi.an
and sedimomation from over 800 acres of disturbed Iand, and over-land runoff will increase
five imhes per year to over 27 inches. Peak flows will thus increase ztbout five times. How
can anyono contend that tlxis flooding will not be a major and ;serious problem. ?
The Airport Authority has presented nothing as to how flood pis and erosion,
sedimentation and pollutants will or can be remedied. Does PTIA expect to be permitted to
pollute and diminish. Greensboro's water supply on the basis of vague promises and
undocumented plans? Any Water Quality Certification of a plan totally lacking in specifics,
which incidentally have 'beea requested by the Guilford County Boarci for lrnvirontnental
Quality for, over a year, would be arbitrary, and a clear. violation of the due process clauses of
both the Forth Carolina and Federal COAStizutions.
Rcsp)ectfully submitted,
?42-r
David M. Clark ?
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05/01/01 TUE 16:00 FAX ?I001
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"Water is valuable and we're encouraging people to save more," he said. "A higher rate will force larger users
to use less water."
The impairment of our current water supply.
Question: Aren't all but one of the water sources in this watershed area listed on the 303[d]
impaired list?
Question: Has Reedy been tested lately to see if it should be on the list?
Question: Being that they are impaired and TMDL's are exceeded how can we justify the further
pollution/destruction of these water sources?
Question: Isn't it the mission of the DWQ to "maintain and improve" the water quality of the
state?
Question: Does the EIS, 401, 405 or any other application involved with the project mention
the 303(d) status of the streams in the area?
Question: How can DWQ provide a variance for anything that will further add to the EPA and
state documented impaired water quality in the streams AND groundwater reserves?
Isn't it true: THE WATER IS ALREADY IMPACTED ENOUGH TO GET ALL OF
THE STREAMS FROM THE HEADWATERS OF THE DEEP (at the Airport where
FedEx wants to destroy a wetland) TO COLTRANE MILL IN RANDOLPH COUNTY
PUT ON A LIST OF IMPAIRED WATERS.
Question: Do you really want us to accept that by destroying the ability of the land to recharge
T ./ y
From FedEx, dated April 3, 1998
to Hudnall Christopher
from Tony DiGirolamo
"We must be assured that the line items indicated on Exhibit A attached to this correspondence will be funded
by PTAA or other sources, and not FedEx, even if the estimate is exceeded. Also please confirm the Site
Grading and Drainage line item includes the Stormwater Management Basin to be developed by the PTAA
North of the proposed Hub Site. Although deicing fluids do not currently require detention at GSO, we are
also looking for assurance that similar glycol detention facilities will be developed off the Hub site by PTAA
if required.
ICE-MELTING LEAVES STATE COLD:
During the past two weeks, workers
at Raleigh-Durham International Airport dumped 60 tons of urea pellets on
frozen runways to melt ice -- and created a water pollution risk from the
nitrogen-rich compound. For years, airports have de-iced runways with urea, a
compound of ammonia and carbon most commonly found in urine and fertilizer.
It is legal, cheap, easier on asphalt and concrete than salt, and effective
in cutting through ice. But many airports have switched to more expensive and
environmentally safer chemicals because of the pollution threat. The use of
urea at RDU has gotten the attention of state environmental officials (James
Shiffer and Vicki Hyman, NEWS & OBSERVER, 2/2). By spreading 60 tons of urea,
the airport put about 55,200 pounds of nitrogen on the ground -- equal to
what Cary's wastewater plant pumps into Crabtree Creek each year, according
to the state Division of Water Quality. State environmental officials plan to
meet with airport officials to discuss a way of reducing the runoff and
improving pollution monitoring. The state also plans to monitor the Neuse
River basin for lower oxygen levels and other problems. Official concern
about pollution washing off RDU's runways began when an airline passenger
watched crews de-icing his plane's wings and wondered where the chemical
went. The passenger was Environment and Natural Resources Secretary Bill
Holman, who was flying to Atlanta with Gov. Jim Hunt last month to study
growth problems.
RDU Airport Applies Nitrogen Fertilizer To Runways - An Environmental Concern
During the recent snow and ice storms, the RDU airport applied 60 tons of
urea or 55,200 pounds of nitrogen on the runways and some of the other
payments on the airport property (as reported by the News and Observer on
2/2/2000). We have concerns regarding the environmental damage such a spike
of nitrogen loading will have on the lakes and stream in Umstead State Park
and also the downstream Neuse River.
The Neuse River is seriously polluted by runoff from various sources
containing nitrogen nutrients. Due to the high nitrogen pollutant levels in
the Neuse, the NC General Assembly enacted the NC Clean Water Act requiring
an overall thirty percent reduction in nitrogen delivery to the Neuse River.
This will require active participation by all land owners and dischargers.
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Considering the airport is in the Crabtree Creek watershed, there is little
doubt that much of the nitrogen applied to the airport runways and other
pavement will find its way to the Neuse River. The sediment pond(s) that
temporarily hold some of the runoff from the airport property provide little
treatment of nitrogen fertilizer since most of the nitrogen will leave the
site in the dissolved phase with the water flow. Much of the runoff from the
airport runways flows into the streams and lakes in Umstead State Park and
into Crabtree Creek.
It is certainly understood that airport operations and safety are prime
considerations. However, there are other means that can be used for de-icing
the runways. It has been reported that several nearby airports have chosen to
use acetate-based de-icers in place of the urea. The higher cost has been
given by the RDU airport staff as the reason for not making use of the
acetate-based de-icers. It seems the much higher cost is the damage to the
environment and society. The situation is even more severe because the
application of fertilizer was applied as a spike/shock to the water
environment. For example, the drinking water supply in Greensboro and High
Point following the recent snow/ice storms has been degraded due to the use
of fertilizers as de-icers (News and Observer, 2/7/00).
55,200 pounds of nitrogen would be equivalent of about 15,000,000 gallons of
hog waste that has already undergone treatment by lagoons
We also have a concern regarding the effects of the glycol-based de-icing
solution for de-icing the flight surfaces of aircraft before take-off.
Ethylene glycol is known to be an environmental hazard. Chronic toxic effects
may include shortened life span, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and
changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after
first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. Ethylene glycol has been demonstrated
to have a moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
The Deicing Dilemma: Balancing Safety and Environmental Impact
Background
Overview of Deicing/Anti-Icing Practices
Environmental Impacts
Environmental Impacts of Deicing Activities
Approximately 75 - 80 percent of the deicing fluid applied to an aircraft is
deposited on the pavement around the deicing areas, either though overspray
or drippage. The majority of this material makes its way into the stormwater
system serving the apron. The remaining 15-20 percent of the ADF applied to
an aircraft is lost to drippage and sloughing during taxiing and take-off.
This material is dispersed and deposited on the airfield, with some portion
eventually reaching the airfield stormwater system.
The principal concern regarding the environmental impacts of deicing
activities relates to oxygen consumed during the decomposition of deicing
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materials, principally glycol and urea, contained in runoff. Oxygen
consumption occurs when bacteria decompose organic materials (including
deicing chemicals) and use oxygen in the process. This phenomena can deplete
all dissolved oxygen from the water if the rate of decomposition is very
high. The potential for oxygen consumption is expressed as biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) exerted over some standard period of time, typically 5 days
(i.e., BOD5). Biochemical oxygen demand may be further differentiated
according to whether it is carbonaceous (i.e., CBOD) or nitrogenous (i.e.
NBOD). The specific issues and impacts of these materials are discussed below.
Glycols
The CBOD5 associated with ethylene and propylene glycols are both relatively
high. The table below summarizes literature data on the biodegradability of
glycols and aircraft deicing materials. The CBOD5 of propylene glycol has
been reported as approaching 1,000,000 mg/1. However, laboratory testing
conducted for ARCO Chemical Company showed CBOD5 concentrations of only
316,000 mg/1 for propylene glycol ADF. The reason for the discrepancy between
the two is unclear, but may be a reflection of ADF being less than 100 per
cent glycol, or confusion between 5-day and ultimate BOD. In much of the
older literature on deicers, biodegradability was expressed in terms of
theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) based on the chemical composition of the
deicers, or chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests. Five-day CBOD would then be
calculated from ThOD or COD using literature information on percent
degradation at 5 days. To further confuse the issue, CBOD values are
sometimes expressed at various temperatures.
Summary of Reported Biodegradability of
Various Aircraft Deicing Materials
Material CBOD5 (mg/1) CBODU (mg/1)
Propylene Glycol (pure) 1,000,000 --
Ethylene Glycol (pure) 400,000 - 800,000 1,290,000 - 1,340,000
Type I ADF - EG based 807,000 - 860,000 1,240,000 - 1,550,000
Type II ADF - EG based 370,000 770,000
Type I ADF - PG based 316,000 1,410,000
Urea and Ammonia
When urea breaks down, ammonia is released. Ammonia is an environmental
concern because of two factors: 1) its contribution to oxygen demand (NBOD),
and 2) its potential toxicity to aquatic life. The NBOD associated with
ammonia is approximately 4.5 times the ammonia concentration present.
Stormwater ammonia concentrations in the 5 -200 mg/l range are possible at
airports that use large quantities of urea for pavement deicing. The
equivalent NBOD range of ammonia concentrations of this magnitude is approx.
22 - 900 mg/l. One of the few published studies on the environmental issues
associated with urea was conducted by Transport Canada. In this report, it
was concluded that it is impractical to mitigate the impacts of urea use, and
alternative pavement deicing materials should be sought. This conclusion and
strategy has been accepted by both regulatory agencies as well as the airport
community.
? F
Conclusion
The effective management of the impacts of deicing activities on stormwater
is complicated because of several key factors:
The safety of aircraft, crews, and passengers cannot be compromised.
Only a limited range of FAA-approved and SAE-certified materials are
available.
Many deicing materials have extraordinarily high BODs associated with them,
so even small levels of runoff contamination may be environmentally
significant.
Biological treatment in conventional stormwater ponds is severely hampered by
low ambient temperatures during the periods of highest deicing activity.
Comment: State Representative Jim Wayne from Kentucky, stated on Jan 18, 2001, that the water
treatment plant serving the metropolitan area was shut down for several days due to a
toxic contamination of deicers into their water supply system!
Impacts of Deicing Fluids on Elijahs and Gunpowder Creeks
Boone County, Kentucky
List of Contributors
David Leist, Report Preparation and Data Analysis
Scott Hankla, GIS Mapping
Data Collection Conducted By:
Florence Regional Office:
Kevin Flowers
Gretchen Bartley
Bob Beebe
Todd Giles
Eric Ratcliff
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
Water quality in Elijahs and Gunpowder creeks in Boone County,
Kentucky, has been severely impacted by deicing fluids from the
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. The headwaters of
both Elijahs Creek and Gunpowder Creek are located on airport property
(Figure 1). In 1992, the Kentucky Division of Water (KDOW) began
documenting this problem in Elijahs Creek. In 1993, the KDOW conducted a
stream study and issued the report AElijahs Creek Drainage Biological and
Water Quality Investigation.@ This study found that Elijahs Creek, which
drains the northern portion of the airport, had been severely degraded by
intermittent discharges of ethylene glycol from the airport. Ethylene
glycol, the main component of deicing fluids, creates a high biochemical
oxygen demand and provides a high carbon source of food, which fuels
extensive growths of Sphaerotilus bacteria. Sphaerotilus was found to

cover the entire stream channel at two locations, crowding out indigenous
forms of aquatic life. Decomposing Sphaerotilus caused the substrate of
the channel to be anoxic. These nuisance conditions are in violation of
Kentucky water quality regulations.
The KDOW cited the airport for polluting Elijahs Creek; and, in
addition to paying a fine, the airport began to take remedial measures.
Specific deicing pads were constructed for deicing fluids to drain into
holding tanks. Fluids would then be pumped to the regional wastewater
treatment plant, mixed with normal domestic wastewater, treated, and
discharged to the Ohio River. Despite these efforts, water quality
problems in Elijahs Creek persisted. In 1995, as a result of significant
airport expansion, similar water quality problems began to be found in
Gunpowder Creek, at the southern end of the airport.
Various meetings, enforcement actions, and additional sample
collections were conducted during these years. The airport proposed
several additional remedial measures and intensified monitoring efforts.
The local media also became interested in this issue, and during these
years several articles were published to keep the public informed of these
problems. In 1996, the KDOW listed both streams as high priority in
Kentucky--s 303(d) list of waters not meeting designated uses. This listing
requires the state to establish a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for
deicing fluids and to implement solutions for these problems.
Two categories of deicing protection are necessary: aircraft and
runway. There are two main types of aircraft deicing fluids, which are
made up ethylene glycol or propylene glycol solutions. Type I deicing
fluid is a thin liquid that is applied to an airplane immediately prior to
departure from a hangar or gate. Type II fluid is a thicker material that
clings to aircraft surfaces to prevent further icing. It is used during
taxiing and takeoff. Much of the Type I fluid runs off the airplane
immediately at the point of application. Type II fluid sloughs off the
airplane during takeoff and is deposited along runways as planes depart.
Both types mix with stormwater runoff and snowmelt and often flow into the
airport=s storm drains and then into the nearest waterway. Deicing fluids
also are spread along runways and taxiways to prevent ice formation on
these surfaces. Typically this is a mixture of ethylene glycol and urea.
Again these materials can reach local waterways.
These chemicals and mixtures create a variety of environmental
problems. The 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of ethylene glycol
ranges from 400,000 to 800,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and propylene
glycol can exceed 1,000,000 mg/L. The aircraft deicing fluid volume
required to deice a typical large passenger jet has a BOD5 equivalent to
the daily domestic wastewater generated by 5000 people (6). In addition
to the high oxygen demand of these chemicals, they also fuel the growth of
Sphaerotilus bacteria. Sphaerotilus grows rapidly in waters with a high
carbon content and low dissolved oxygen. It was common in streams
receiving paper mill waste, sugar refining waste, brewery waste, and
municipal sewage in the days prior to environmental laws that required
treatment of these wastes. Sphaerotilus grows in long streamers attached
to the sides and bottom of a stream. It smothers normal bottom dwelling
A
organisms and can overwhelm an entire stream habitat. Dead and decaying
Sphaerotilus consume all oxygen in a stream bed and give off hydrogen
sulfide, creating objectionable odors. Urea deicers break down and
release ammonia, which is toxic to aquatic species and adds to the oxygen
demand problems of the glycol compounds.
Problems caused by deicing fluids are documented at numerous
airports. In 1995, a federal magistrate ruled in favor of citizens suing
the Dayton, Ohio International Airport to stop allowing deicing fluids to
reach Mill Creek, a stream draining the airport. Streams surrounding
Chicago=s O=Hare International Airport and Newcastle International Airport
in the United Kingdom have had water quality problems because of runoff of
deicing fluids. This clearly is a worldwide problem.
It is interesting to note that in July 1994, BOD5 was 360 mg/L at station 5 and
300 mg/L on June 10, 1996. It is not known if this represents some sort
of leakage of deicing fluids from storage areas, decay of Sphaerotilus
bacteria, or other problem. It would appear from these measurements that
deicing operations can affect water quality in these streams even during
summer periods when actual deicing is not occurring. Nuisance growths of
Sphaerotilus have been observed at all these sites, which is a violation
of Kentucky water quality regulation 401 KAR 5:031, Section 2(1)(e). BOD5
concentrations ranged from 1 to 5 mg/L at station 6, which is the control
site for the Elijahs Creek basin. It seems obvious that deicing fluids
are having a severe impact on Elijahs Creek.
The use of deicing fluids is an essential component of airline
safety in areas subject to freezing conditions. Yet the use of these
chemicals has caused environmental degradation in surface waters near
airports that use them. Research is underway worldwide to find effective
alternatives to these chemicals, to reduce the volumes needed for safe
operation, and to prevent environmental impacts through various collection
and treatment scenarios.
Beginning in 1992, the Kentucky Division of Water began documenting
water quality problems caused by runoff of deicing fluids in Elijahs
Creek, draining the northern portion of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky
International Airport. Various actions were begun by the KDOW as a result
of these problems, including increased monitoring of stream quality,
meetings with airport officials, and enforcement actions. Remedial
measures were implemented by the airport, but water quality problems
persisted and also became evident in Gunpowder Creek, at the southern end
of the airport, as a result of airport expansion. In 1996, both streams
were listed in Kentucky--s 303(d) list of impaired waters and ranked as high
priority for establishing Total Maximum Daily Loads for the pollutants of
concern.
North Carolina
In 1993 and 1994, more than 53 million Americans drank water that did not
meet Safe Drinking Water Act standards. In The Drink is the first analysis of

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Act compliance database to document these
violations of tap water health standards on a community-by-community basis.
Widespread failure to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act is a symptom of
increasing problems with drinking water quality in the United States.
Drinking water plants are old and out of date, and water supplies are
increasingly at risk from chemical and biological contamination. North
Carolina is not immune from these problems; many cities and towns -- both
large and small -- experienced violations or exceedances of EPA standards in
the last year. These included violations of Maximum Contaminant Levels,
(EPA's enforceable standards for chemical and biological contaminants),
exceedances of the Lead Action Level, and violations of the Surface Water
Treatment Rule (which requires water systems to adequately filter and
disinfect water to prevent disease outbreaks).
The most common contaminant of state water supplies was Coliform. North
Carolina utilities such as Fort Bragg and Hendersonville were affected by
exceedances of the Lead Action Level, meaning that health threatening levels
of lead were present in the water in many homes. Residents served by the Fort
Bragg and Thomasville water systems drank water that contained chemicals or
radioactivity above health-based standards, and water systems like Charlotte
and Asheville were affected by violations of microbial contaminant standards
such as Total Coliform.
As this report goes to press, Congress is poised to weaken the baseline
public health protections provided by the Act. These changes would weaken
standard-setting provisions, curtail water safety monitoring, diminish the
public's right to know about drinking water problems, and reduce protections
for small and medium sized communities.
The Three Rs
Reduce, Recover and Recycle
by Karl Bremer
Glycol-based aircraft and runway deicer in the effluent (runoff) from airports long has been
identified as a source of pollution when discharged into waterways and sewage treatment plants
in concentrations too high to allow for gradual breakdown without negative consequences. When
bacteria decompose organic materials, such as glycol deicer in the effluent, oxygen is
consumed, raising the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of a stream, river or other body of water.
As the concentration of deicer in runoff increases, the BOD can be raised to levels that choke off
the ability of other aquatic life forms to survive.
De-leers that roll off the airplanes after they are away from the airport grounds
Dayton International
n M •
The airport was sued under the federal Clean Water Act in 1994 for pollution
problems related to runoff from the airport in a nearby stream and purchased four homes
downstream through a consent decree agreement. The airport is under a court order to reduce
contaminants in runoff, and strict limits have been placed on its NPDES permit. "Other
homeowners are watching to see how we do," says Smith. "We're under a lot of scrutiny."
At the heart of Dayton's program is an aircraft deicing system consisting of four deicing
pads-one on either side of cargo tenant Emery Worldwide's hub facility and one on either side of
the main terminal. A drainage system collects the runoff from the pads and holds it temporarily
in adjacent lagoons. The runoff is later pumped into one of three, three-million-gallon holding
lagoons on the airport. The lagoons are built in the fashion of landfills with an impervious bottom
of synthetic fabric and clay, and each has its own leak detection system.
"It's a massive system," says Allen Winchester, supervisor of airport operations at Dayton. "It's
got a lot of monitoring, a lot of valving, and a lot of training goes into it by department staff and
the airlines."
The system was designed chiefly by CH2M Hill and was built over a three-year span. Total cost
was about $25 million, and annual operating costs are about $400,000.
"Glycol dripping off aircraft once it leaves the deicing pads is our biggest challenge." says Smith.
"We're also battling some minor escapes from the system from drag-out and overspray that we
want to try to eliminate.... At Emery Worldwide, they have a lot of loading equipment going in and
out from the ramp areas, and on occasion you're inevitably going to get some equipment that will
drag a deicing puddle outside of the containment area."
Denver International
"When the planes are deiced on the remote pad and they taxi to the end of the runway, some of
the glycol that's supposed to be sticking to the airplane drips off. Also there's some wind-blown
glycol that's escaping and some blown off the pads by jet blast."
According to Leahy, "Twenty to 25 percent of the glycol that gets sprayed on the aircraft staff
the aircraft. The rest literally runs off the aircraft onto the ground. It gets diluted and then we'll
capture about 50 percent of what's left. The remainder gets blown off by engines, the wind, and
some of that runoff gets into the sanitary sewer."
Richard Darling's assumption that the De-icer dissipates is false!!!
To capture some of the errant glycol, Carter says, "we've recently gone into some of our clean-
water sewer lines and put in interception systems. Whenever glycol leaks into the lines, we
intercept it. That still is not 100 percent what we want. We don't want any detectable amount of
glycol leaving the airport. We have a study going on now that's going to look at the entire
industrial areas of the airport ...I think we're going to have to have some sort of treatment system
downstream from the industrial area and run the water through a treatment plant."
0 .
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND
NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL,
INC. (40 W. 20TH St., New York, NY 10011),
AIRPORT ENVIRONMENTAL COALITION
(P.O. Box 322, Linthicum, MD 21090) (Anne
Arundel County), )
HUMANE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES
(21001 St., N.W., Washington, DC 20037),
and )
US CITIZENS AVIATION WATCH )
(P.O. Box 1702, Arlington Heights, IL 60006), )
Plaintiffs,
VS. 1 Civil Action No.
THEODORE MATHISON, in his official capacity
as Executive Director of the Maryland Aviation )
Administration (Third Floor, Terminal Building, )
BWI Airport, MD 21240-0766), )
Defendant.
COMPLAINT
1. This is a citizens' enforcement action brought to abate the discharge of toxic and
environmentally harmful pollutants from the Baltimore Washington International
Airport ("BWI" or "the Airport") and to enforce the public's right to know about such
discharges. Plaintiffs, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. ("NRDC"), the
Airport Environmental Coalition, the Humane Society of the United States, and US
Citizens Aviation Watch (collectively, "Plaintiffs") are suing defendant Theodore
Mathison in his official capacity as Executive Director of the Maryland Aviation
Administration ("Defendant") for violations of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C.
1251-1387 ("CWA"), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601-9675 ("CERCLA"), and the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. 11001-11050 ("EPCRA").

STATEMENT OF THE CASE
2. BWI has been and continues to be in violation of National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System ("NPDES") permit 93-DP-2546 issued to the Maryland Aviation
Administration ("MAA") and CWA Sections 301 and 402, 33 U.S.C. 1311 and
1342, among other provisions, because of its inadequate stormwater pollution
prevention plan and glycol tracking system and discharge of polluted stormwater and
other effluent into waters of the State of Maryland, the Chesapeake Bay and the
Atlantic Ocean. The unlawful and excessive discharges of stormwater pollution by
BWI have introduced and continue to introduce noxious pollutants into these waters
and have injured and continue to injure plaintiffs.
3. BWI also has been and continues to be in violation of CERCLA Section 103(a),
42 U.S.C. 9603(a), and EPCRA Section 304(a), (b) and (c), 42 U.S.C. 11004(a), (b)
and (c), for failing to submit the required right-to-know reports of releases of
hazardous substances to the National Response Center, state emergency planning
commissions, and local emergency planning committees.
4. By this action, Plaintiffs seek (i) a declaration that Defendant has violated and
continues to violate the CWA, CERCLA, and EPCRA; (ii) an order compelling
Defendant to suspend the unlawful and excessive discharges by complying with the
specific terms of its NPDES permit; (iii) an order compelling Defendant to comply
with the reporting requirements under CERCLA and EPCRA; and (iv) the costs and
disbursements, including attorneys' and experts' fees, of bringing this action.
16. Members of all of the above-named Plaintiffs use, enjoy and benefit from the
waters into which BWI unlawfully discharges stormwater pollution. In particular,
Plaintiffs' members do, or did until the waters became too contaminated but continue
to desire to, reside, walk, and recreate near and boat on, fish and wade or swim in,
and otherwise value waters adversely affected by pollutants from BWI Airport. The
quality of these waters directly affects the health, recreational, aesthetic, scientific,
environmental and economic interests of Plaintiffs' members. The interests of
Plaintiffs' members have been, are being, and will be adversely affected by
Defendant's discharge of stormwater pollution into water in violation of the specific
requirements of the NPDES permit.
18. Defendant Theodore Mathison is the Executive Director of MAA, an agency of
the State of Maryland. MAA owns, maintains and operates BWI. Upon information
and belief, Mathison is responsible for all aspects of BWFs operations including its
compliance with its NPDES permit and all applicable environmental laws.
FACTS COMMON TO ALL CAUSES OF ACTION
19. Removing ice from aircraft is a part of airport operations in winter months. BWI
and the airlines using the Airport control ice through the use of chemicals, including
ethylene glycol mixtures and propylene glycol mixtures, both with additives. As a
general matter, chemical deicers are applied as a hot liquid mixture of compound and
water under pressure using a nozzle mounted on a vehicle. The pressure of the liquid
hitting the surface of the aircraft mechanically removes snow and ice, which is also
x. ?0 w
melted by the heat of the solution. The antifreeze property of the compound further
removes snow and ice. Most deicer solution falls off airplanes, and the remainder
prevents exposed portions of the airplane from getting re-covered by ice prior to
take-off. Runway deicing may also involve liquid deicing solution.
Glycols
20. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
ethylene glycol "causes eye irritation, central nervous system depression, and kidney
and liver damage" in lab tests. OSHA states that, in humans, exposure to ethylene
glycol by either ingestion or inhalation causes eye and upper respiratory tract
irritation and headaches. Ingestion of ethylene glycol causes kidney damage and can
be fatal, even in small amounts.
21. Glycols, both ethylene and propylene, exert a high biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) when released into surface waters. BOD is the measure of the amount of
dissolved oxygen needed to break down (or oxidize) a substance. A high BOD means
that large amounts of dissolved oxygen in water must be used up to oxidize the
substance, thereby reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen available for fish and
other aquatic organisms to breathe. For this reason, fish kills have been associated
with discharges of deicing chemicals. Other environment impacts associated with
deicing chemicals include odors, foam and contaminated surface water and
groundwater.
22. Deicing solutions used at BWI Airport also contain additives including
anti-corrosive agents and surfactants. Upon information and belief, many of these
additives, or their breakdown products, are toxic to humans and wildlife and
otherwise harmful to the environment. Upon information and belief, at least several
of these additives are hazardous substances within the meaning of CERCLA and
EPCRA.
23. Deicing solution, including ethylene glycol, may be discharged to the
environment in harmful amounts if not properly controlled. Because deicing solutions
pose serious health and environmental risks, various environmental laws control their
use.
24. Runoff from BWI Airport drains into three creeks: Sawmill Creek, Stony Run,
and Cabin Branch. These creeks all flow into the Patapsco River, whose waters run
into the Chesapeake Bay and ultimately the Atlantic Ocean. All of these waters are
navigable waters of the United States.
31. The SWPPP also assumes that 20% of the glycol mixture applied would stay on
the plane as it left the deicing pad. This amount would either evaporate or come off
the plane during the time it taxies and takes off.
32. These assumptions were false. First, the 15R pad recovered far less than 95% of
the glycol applied on planes that used the pad. The actual collection rate at the 15R
pad was very low; the 15R pad collected 1.15% (891 gallons) of the glycol applied
r. ,r. w
on planes that used the pad from 1994 to 1995, 44.7% from 1995 to 1996 and 54.5%
from 1996 to 1997.
Persistent Foam From The Discharge Of Deicing Chemicals
49. The Permit provides, "There shall be no discharge of floating solids or persistent
foam in other than trace amounts. Persistent foam is foam that does not dissipate
within one half-hour of point of discharge."
50. On March 1, 1997, March 2, 1997, March 3, 1997, and March 19, 1997,
persistent foam was discharged and was observed for long periods of time (well over
30 minutes) at both the culvert under Aviation Boulevard and at the former Hollins
Ferry Road culvert along Muddy Bridge Branch during deicing events. The latter
point is approximately 0.9 miles from the discharge. The foam on March 1, 1997 and
March 19, 1997 extended a considerable distance downstream.
56. The Permit further provides that MAA "shall take all reasonable steps to
minimize or prevent any adverse impact to waters of the State or to human health
resulting from noncompliance with any effluent limitation specified in this permit."
58. On numerous occasions, pollutants were discharged from BWI causing violations
of state water quality standards in violation of the Permit.
59. Very high concentrations of glycol compounds are discharged from the airport.
These discharges are sufficient to harm aquatic and terrestrial life (including
companion animals), cause discoloration, change chemical characteristics in the
surface waters, produce taste and odor, and create a nuisance. These discharges thus
violate effluent limitations or conditions of the Permit.
60. The DMR filed by MAA for monitoring point 703 for the first quarter of 1997
shows average BOD of 28,150 milligrams per liter (mg/1) and a maximum of 90,000
mg/l. Average total glycol concentration for this period was 6,430 mg/l, with a
maximum of 11,629 mg/l. Monitoring at outfa11007 for the same period shows
average BOD of 4,100 mg/l, maximum BOD of 9,000 mg/1, average total glycol of
3,011 mg/l, and maximum total glycol of 5,710 mg/l. The DMR for monitoring point
703 covering the last quarter of 1995 shows average total glycol of 5,673 mg/l and
maximum total glycol of 9,310 mg/l. The first quarter 1996 DMR for monitoring
point 703 reports average total glycol of 4,612 mg/1 and maximum total glycol of
10,900 mg/l. These discharges constitute separate and repeated violations of water
quality prohibitions and thus of the conditions of the Permit.
61. Toxicity studies conducted by Maryland Environmental Service (MES) on behalf
of MAA also show significant toxicity for samples collected on February 14, 1997 at
outfall 007 and monitoring points 306 and 703. For example, the sample collected at
outfall 007 was toxic to 50% of a population of daphnids even when diluted to 39%
of the original concentration. At monitoring points 703, the sample was equally toxic
even when diluted to 15% of the original concentration. Thus, even when diluted
over six times, the discharge was still highly toxic to aquatic life. During storm or
snowmelt events, the water in the stream is almost entirely made up of stormwater
discharges from BWI Airport.

The Current and Future quality of our drinking water
Question: If this area is allowed to obtain the variance, how do we block other requests that will
further jeopoardize the health and welfare of an entire region [not just the county] who
depend on this drinking supply?
Question: Why do they want to destroy the only creek in either Greensboro or High Point (with
the exception of the West Fork of the Deep - Oak Hollow Lake - only because it has not
been tested) that is not on the state Endangered Waters List?
Question: Shouldn't we have Reedy Fork designated an "Outstanding Resource Water"?
Conclusion
Again I thank you for considering all of the above comments and questions. They represent only a small por-
tion of the articles and data that I have recently collected. As a "lay" person, I'm sure I have misused some of
the terms and for that I apologize, however, I'm sure I see the picture very clearly. We have little water. What
we do have is not quality water. What we may get from Randelman Dam will be very expensive and its pota-
bility is in question, being that a sewage treatment plant lies adjacent to it, that there are underground haz-
aradous chemicals and that algae has already been stated as a problem. Our streams, and water supplies will
be further degraded much like an endangered species. All this so that a private company can come in here,
and at no expense to them, use and destroy our resources. The one resource that every living being needs;
fresh clean water.
Please do not issue a variance for the destruction of our wetlands.
Very truly yours,
Laura E. Pollak
2703 Turner Grove Drive South
Greensboro, NC 27455
336.286.0801 • [e-mail]
cc:RALEIGH REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US Army Corps of Engineers
John Thomas
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
85/01/01 10:02 ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 4 919 715 5637 NO.091 D01
Economic Development Commission
Tourism Development Avtiority
J
?;- ?,-- 1
4•Tr/
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY
North Czrolina's Noah Star
April 30, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly •
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
We are submitting this letter as public comment that we°are in full support Of FedEx Distribution
Hub proposed to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North
Carolina, The Federal Express project is extremely important to tyre future growth and
diversification of•the Piedmont Triad region. Our county has experienced large job losses due to
the decline of the textile and tobacco industry.
Based on testimony at the Water 'Quality Public Hearing in March 2001, there will stream and
wetland impacts based on the proposed site plan. Existing state and federal regulations, allow
for stream and wetland impacts under regulated guidelines. Those regulations are addressed as
part of the 404/401 permitting process.
The Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) testified at the Water' Quality Public Hearing in
March 2001.tbat it was prepared to meet the co»ditions required by the Corps of Engineers and
NC Department of Water Quality in order to receive a 4041401 permit. The PTAA has submitted
appropriate .documentation (st'ormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans,
erosion control plans, etc.) to begin the permitting process,,
It is our opinion that the NC Department pf Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401
Water Quality Certification for allowing the 'project to proceed. We would also ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water. Quality Certification for the project.
Respectfully,
Donald L. Moss, Jr.
Director
P.O. Box 205
i - r Weitwortt-, NC 27375
Phcne; 33f-3A2- 138
r1X 336-34Z-tit03
rcc C tCk)vvwvi.co.rr•?ckngh?irn.uc.u5
f
Location Analysis & Negotiations
Economic Development Assessment
Industrial Real Estate Brokerage
DevelopmentMvisors, Inc. t
April 23, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, NC
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed FedEx Mid
Atlantic Hub that is proposed to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro,
North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the proposed site plan.
There are existing state and federal regulations, that allow for stream and wetland impacts as long as
certain conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If
the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by submitting appropriate
documentation (stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401
Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed. This project should not be treated any
different than other projects requiring such approvals even if opposition of surrounding residents requests
such differentiation.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to the future growth of
the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in textiles and tobacco, which have had a
devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water
Quality Certification for the project. The positive impact of this project will be statewide.
Sincerely,
T. Richard Beard, Jr.
Residence Address: 605 Rockford Road
Greensboro, NC 27408
302 N. Highway St., Suite 100
Madison, NC 27025
Phone: [phone]
fax:[phone]
[e-mail]
UnitedHealtheare
A UnitedHealth Group Company
Frank R. Mascia President CEO
UnitedHealthcare of North Carolina
P0. Box 26303 Greensboro NC 27438-6303
2307 West Cone Boulevard ;Greensboro NC 27408
Tel [phone] Fax [phone]
April 23, 2001

Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed
FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the
proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations, that allow for stream
and wetland impacts as long as certain conditions are met and those conditions are
addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport
Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation
(stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should
issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed.. - - - -
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to the
future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in textiles and
tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Very truly yours,
Frank Mascia
UnitedHealthcare of North Carolina, Inc. and UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company
Manning A. Connors
619 Scott Avenue
Greensboro, N.C. 27403
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401 /Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of
the proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
This project is vital to the continued success of local business and to the future
growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in textiles
and tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask
that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification
for the project.
Sincerely,
M& 0 C4?
Manning A. Connors
TiMCO
ANAVIATfoN SALES COMPANY
Sohn Affeitranger
President
April 24, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Re: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub, Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed
FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the
proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations that allow for
stream and wetland impacts as long as certain conditions are met, and those conditions
are addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport
Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation
(stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control
plans, etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ)
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to
the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in
textiles and tobacco which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask
that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the
project.
S' cerely,
ohn Affeltra
]A:ch
623 Radar Road Phone: [phone]
Greensboro, NC 27410 Fax: [phone]
3106 Collier Dr.
Greensboro, NC 27403-1931
April 23, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water O_ualit_v
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of
the proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated
based on the proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal
regulations, that allow for stream and wetland impacts as lona, as certain
conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the 404/401
permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets
those'conditions by submitting appropriate documentation (stormwater
management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ)
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to
proceed.
This project is extremely important to- the continued success of local
business and to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly
with the job losses in textiles and tobacco, which have had a devastating
impact on. our region. I would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the
401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
ack Almon
r,
4
April 23, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support
of
the proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at
the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated
based on the proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal
regulations, that allow for stream and wetland impacts as long as
certain
conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the
404/401
permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets
those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation (stormwater
management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control
plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality
(NCDWQ)
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the
project to
proceed.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local
business and to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region,
particularly
with the job losses in textiles and tobacco, which have had a
devastating
impact on our region. I would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing
the
401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
J cEachern
Guilford College
April 23, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of
the proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated
based on the proposed site plan. There exist state and federal regulations that allow for
stream and wetland impacts as long as certain conditions are met and those conditions are
addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport
Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation
(storm water management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ)
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to
proceed.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to the
future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in textiles and
tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
-------------
Sincerely,
Marcia F. Williams
1103 Amity Drive
Greensboro, NC 27406
Paul G. Gilmer, Sr.
President
Royal Realty & Dev Corp of GSO
2025-C Martin Luther King Jr Dr
Greensboro, NC 27406
April 23, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, NC
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
R
I am submitting this letter of public comment in support of the FedEx distribution
hub being located at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, NC.
I believe that the NC Department of Water Quality should issue the 401 Water
Certification allowing the project to proceed as long as the Airport Authority
complies with the permitting process which observes state and federal regulations
allowing for stream and wetland impacts. The FedEx project will have a
significant impact on economy of our region. It is very much needed in light or
our decline of good paying jobs. Please give this matter your serious attention.
Sincerely
??
D'J'
Paul G. Gilmer, Sr.
Royal Realty
2025-C Martin Luther King Jr Dr
Greensboro, NC 27406
6101 O'Briant Court
Greensboro, NC 27410
April 22, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
Care of Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NMC 27699-1650
Dear Mr. Thorpe,
I currently live at 6101 O'Briant Court. My home is next to the sixth fairway of the Cardinal Country
Club. Approximately forty yards away, Brush Creek exists. Yes, the creek does overflow, flooding portions of
the golf course and low residential lots as it did during the storms last summer.
My concerns about water are connected to the removal of wetlands, which assist in preventing
problems with Brush Creek. Concrete and asphalt will not protect the creek from surges of water as do open
spaces and wetlands. Wetlands created in Burlington will not help solve this problem, even in theory. Please
study an earlier Army Corp of Engineers report as to the watershed area.
I also have the question of quality of water that comes from runways carrying chemicals and other
contaminants. What programs will protect the water and provide for testing of the water table and water in the
creek for pollution? What penalties will be imposed when it does occur?
At the meeting I attended at the coliseum, I heard many "maybes" and "possibilities" and "yes, we will
fix that" from the FedEx supporters. I doubt that they will place these answers on paper with figures showing
money for continuous water testing and funding for cleanup and payment of penalties.
A good example of tactics used is the statement that the new runway has been on the books for years.
Yes, a small runway was on the books, not one that is nine thousand feet long.
In making your decision, which will directly affect the quality of life of every person living in
northwest Guilford County, I ask you to work with facts, not promises, theory or fiction. Once the project
begins, it will only get bigger and become a giant octopus engulfing the area. At the same time, all the promises
will be soon forgotten and area residents will be left with a nightmare they cannot rectify. - - - - - - - , - - - - -
Sin rely, /
R dall Schultz

,it1 UnitedHealthcare
,III A UnitedHealth Group Company
Meg Sternberg
Vice President Corporate Affairs & Government Programs
UnitedHealthcare of North Carolina
2307 Wes; Cone Boulevard Greensboro NC 27408
Tel [phone] Fax [phone]
April 23, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed
FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated based on the
proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations, that allow for stream
and wetland impacts as long as certain conditions are met and those conditions are
addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport
Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation
(stormwater management plans, stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should
issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to the
future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in textiles and
tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
Meg le'mberg
L- tedHealthcare of North Carolina, Inc. and UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company
SCHELL BnAY AYGOCg ABEL & LIVTNGSTON P.L.L.C.
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW
SUITE 1500 RENAISSANCE PLAZA
230 NORTH ELM STREET
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27401
BRAXTON SCHELL
DORIS R. BRAY
WILLIAM P. AYCOCK I I
MICHAEL R. ABEL
PAUL H. LIVINGSTON, JR.
THOMAS C. WATKINS
BARBARA R. CHRISTY
JOHN A. McLENDON, JR.
GREGORY M. CHABON
MELANIE S. TUTTLE
JENNIFER LJ. KOENIG
GARLAND V. GIBBES
STACEY A. BRADY
GAVIN J. REARDON
April 23, 2001
MAILING ADDRESS
P.O. BOX 21847
GREENSBORO, N.C. 27420
TELEPHONE
[phone]
TELECOPIER
[phone]
WRITER'S DIRECT DIAL NUMBER
[phone]
WRITER'S E-MAIL ADDRESS
[e-mail]
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401 /Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed Federal Express Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letterto you to state that I am in full support of the proposed Federal Express
distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in
Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that the proposed site plan anticipates certain streams and wetlands to be
impacted. There are existing state and federal regulations that allow for such impacts as long as certain
conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting process. If the
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets those , conditions by submitting appropriate
documentation. (stormy;pater management plans, strcamhvctlard mitigation plans, er:,sior? cufft,oi pla;;s,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401
Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed.
------------
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to the future
growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in the textile and tobacco industries,
which have had and will continue to have a significant adverse impact on our region. As a resident of
Guilford County, I would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality
Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
7?Greg?r5'habon ??...
Greensboro, North Carolina
95148 1.DOC
SGHELL BRAY AYCOGS ABEL & LIVINGSTON P.L.L.C.
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW
SUITE 1500 RENAISSANCE PLAZA r_
230 NORTH ELM STREET
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27401
BRAXTON SCHELL
DORIS R. BRAY
WILLIAM P. AYCOCK II
MICHAEL R. ABEL
PAUL H. LIVINGSTON, JR.
THOMAS C. WATKINS
BARBARA R. CHRISTY
JOHN A. McLENDON. JR.
GREGORY M. CHABON
MELANIE S. TUTTLE
JENNIFER L.J. KOENIG
GARLAND V. GIBBES
STACEY A. BRADY
GAVIN J. REARDON
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401 /Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
MAILING ADDRESS
P.O. BOX 21847
GREENSBORO, N.C. 27420
TELEPHONE
April 23, 2001 [phone]
TELECOPIER
[phone]
WRITER'S DIRECT DIAL NUMBER
[phone]
WRITER'S E-MAIL ADDRESS
[e-mail]
Re: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the proposed
FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad International
Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetiand impacts are anticipated based on the
proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal regulations that allow for stream and
wetland impacts aslong as certain conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part
of the 404/401 permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets
those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans,
stream/wetland mitigation plans, erosion control plans, etc.), then it is my opinion that the NC
Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for
allowing the project to proceed.

Mr. Greg Thorpe
April 23, 2001
Page 2
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and to the
future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly with the job losses in textiles and
tobacco, which have had a devastating impact on our region. I would ask that the NCDWQ move
swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Very truly yours,
Aland V. Gibb
GVG/bm
05/01/01 10:06 ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 3 919 715 5637
COMMITTEE OF
CITIZENS ECONOMIC OCVELOPMENT, INC.
April 30, 2001
Mr. Greg Thorpe
c/o Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Centex
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
'Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina +
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
NO. 092 901
We are submitting this letter as public comment that we are in full support of FedEx Distribution
Hub proposed to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad Intemational Airport in Greensboro, North
Carolina. The Federal Express project is extremely - important to the future growth and
diversification of the Piedmont Triad region. Our county has experienced large job losses due to
the decline of the textile and tobacco industzy.
Based on testimony at the Water Quality Public Hearing in March 2001, there will stream and
wetland impacts based on the proposed site plait. Existing state and federal regulations, allow
for stream and wetland impacts under regulated guidelines. Those regulations are addressed as
part of the 404/401 permitting process.
The Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) testified at the Water Quality Public Hearing in
_March 2001that it was prepared to meet the conditions required by the Corps of Engineers and
NC Dopartment of Water Quality in order to receive a404/401 permit.- The PTAA has submitted
appropriate documentation (stormwater management plans, stream/wetiand mitigation plans,
erosion control plans, etc.) to begin the permitting process.
CITIZENS ECONOMIC OEVELOPIIdENT. INC. ¦ P.O. BOX 205, WENTWORTH, NC 27375 • 336.342-8138 • FAX [phone]
05/01/01 10:07 ROCKINGHAM COUNTY + 919 715 5637 NO.093 D01
it is our opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) should issue the 401
Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to proceed. We would also ask that the
NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Respectfully,
,._ / YLo S S
Donald L. Moss, Jr.
Executive Dircctor
li
SMITH HELMS MULLISS & MOORE, L.L.P.
Attorneys at Law
300 North Greene Street, Suite 1400
Greensboro, North Carolina 27401
Post Office Box 21927 (27420)
[phone] (MAIN]
ROBERT D. KIDWELL
[phone] [DIRECT]
[phone] [DIRECT FAX]
rob kidwefl shrnrr corn
April 23, 2001
iv1r. Greg Thorpe
c/o ibis. Cyndi Karoly
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
401/Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
Reference: Public Comments for 401 Water Quality Certification
Proposed FedEx Hub
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Thorpe:
I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of the
proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
I understand that, based on the proposed site plan for the proposed FedEx
distribution hub, the North Carolina Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) anticipates
that our region's streams and wetland will be impacted. As you kno-,v, state and federal
regulations exist which allow stream and wetland areas to be impacted as long as certain
conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the 404/401 permitting
process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets those conditions by
submitting appropriate documentation, including stormwater management plans,
stream/wetland mitigation plans and erosion control plans, I strongly believe that the
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing this important project to
proceed.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local business and
to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region. Our region has recently suffered from
the job losses in the textiles and tobacco industries, which have had a devastating impact

ATLANTA CHARLOTTE 6 R E E N S 0 0 R 0 RA LEI6N WILMINGTON
Mr. Greg Thorpe
April 23, 2001
Page 2
on our region. I would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the 401 Water
Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely yours,
SMITH HELMS MULLISS & MOORE, L.L.P.
a'?4T)
Robert D. Kidwell
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I am submitting this letter as public comment that I am in full support of
the proposed FedEx distribution hub that is planned to be constructed at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
It is my understanding that streams and wetland impacts are anticipated
based on the proposed site plan. There are existing state and federal
regulations, that allow for stream and wetland impacts as long as certain
conditions are met and those conditions are addressed as part of the 404/401
permitting process. If the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA) meets
those conditions by submitting appropriate documentation (stormwater
management plans, stream/wetiand mitigation plans, erosion control plans,
etc.) then it is my opinion that the NC Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ)
should issue the 401 Water Quality Certification for allowing the project to
proceed.
This project is extremely important to the continued success of local
business and to the future growth of the Piedmont Triad region, particularly
with the job losses in textiles and tobacco, which have had a devastating
impact on our region. I would ask that the NCDWQ move swiftly in issuing the
401 Water Quality Certification for the project.
Sincerely,
[List your Warn and address]
r?
33? ?7y 6y?s
SA?
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Page 2 of 2
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4/23/01
L? l: la l1
MAY ^ 2 2001
TO: Mr. Greg Thorpe, Care of Ms. Cyndi Karoly - NC Division of Water Quality,,
401 /Wetlands Unit, 2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
FROM: Edward C. (Ed) Harrison, MEM - 58 Newton Drive, Durham, NC 27707-9744
(Telephone: [phone])
DATE: May 2, 2001
SUBJECT: Comments on Section 401 Water Quality Certification applied for by FedEx
and Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA), to impact jurisdictional perennial streams,
intermittent streams and wetlands in Guilford County, NC.
These comments are on behalf of the Piedmont Quality of Life Coalition (PQLC),
composed of citizen volunteers primarily in Guilford County.
Each section of these comments contains requests for conditions to the Water Quality
Certification. All are marked by double asterisks before and after the request.
I would be happy to discuss any of these requests with DWQ staff.
Attachments for materials referenced in the text are listed at the beginning of sections,
and at the end of these comments.
I would like to express considerable gratitude for the assistance of DWQ to me in
investigating this project, and considerable confidence in the agency's ability to manage
the Certification process to a conclusion which protects the waters and wetlands of the
State. Members of PQLC have also conveyed their gratitude for the fair and even-
handed conduct of the April 3, 2001 public hearing.
I am an environmental manager with a quarter century of academic and professional
experience in evaluating the impacts of public and private projects on the natural
resources of North Carolina.
(1) DECISION ON THE CERTIFICATION
I have made PQLC aware that almost all Section 401 applications have been approved in
the history of the program. I have also made them aware that PTAA has.now had a
watershed protection ordinance approved by the NC Environmental Management
Commission, with future approval sought from the EMC for a Major Variance for that
ordinance.
**On behalf of PQLC, I request that the administrative decision on the Water Quality
Certification be delayed until such time as the EMC has made a final decision on the
Major Variance sought by PTAA.**
(2) THE MITIGATION PLAN
ATTACHMENT: Comments on [subject project's] Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan.
Memo to John Thomas, USACE, from Danielle Pender, Piedmont Region Coordinator,
Habitat Conservation Program, NC Wildlife Resources Commission. 27 April 2001.
(a) Overall position of PQLC
As members have already expressed in their comments, the organization's position is
that no amount of mitigation of any kind will successfully replace the water quality uses
and values of the streams and wetlands proposed for destruction by this project.
I would note that the comments of the NC Wildlife Resources Commission submitted last
week to the Corps of Engineers share this view to some degree: " We are ......
concerned that much of the proposed mitigation sites are not of equal "quality" to the
proposed impact sites. " (Danielle Pender, NCWRC to John Thomas, USACE, April 27,
2001).
(b) Need for documentation
**Full justification of preservation in the Brush Creek watershed should be required**.
At this time, the preservation site seems to be used only as a reference site.
The cover letter for the Mitigation Plan submitted by Law Engineering for PTAA/FedEx
on 3/15/01 asserts that it addresses comments from regulators during a meeting on
3/14/01, as follows:
"Preservation areas must be justified in terms of 'demonstrable threat' to survival of
existing functions and values in the absence of specific preservation.
"Text describing development pressure to Brush Creek as supported by recent litigation
and Benaja Swamp as supported by WRC (Ron Linville, pers. comm.) and field
observations is included."
I can locate no mention whatsoever in the several pages on Brush Creek regarding any
"recent litigation" or any text at all on development pressures. It would appear that
the sole source of most such pressures on Brush Creek and its watershed is the PTAA
itself, via ancillary industries already locating in the basin, and via this project and the
many additional businesses which are touted by proponents as a benefit.
The section on Benaja Swamp does contain much analysis of development pressure. Any
statements from Mr. Linville are not attributed in that section, and he is not shown as a
source in'the "References" section, unlike several others with whom Law Engineering
staff claim to have personal communication.
**On behalf of PQLC, I request that full documentation be provided, as DWQ has asked
the applicant.**
(c) Need for full delineation of mitigation sites
**Final delineation of streams and wetlands should be required (and confirmed in the
field) before the mitigation plan is approved as part of the 401 application.** It is
difficult, if not impossible, for all involved parties to evaluate the adequacy of restoration
or preservation sites unless such information is complete.
(3) MITIGATION BEYOND THAT FOR WATERS AND WETLANDS
ATTACHMENT: "Water Supply Watershed Management and Protection Rules of the
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority" as submitted to NC EMC, April 2001. Page 1
("Jurisdiction") and Page 9 ("Buffers Requirements").
**The PTAA should be required to preserve stream buffers within the WS-III watershed
as compensatory mitigation for those eliminated by the project when the jurisdictional
streams are removed.**
On behalf of PLQC, I would ask for this condition in order to achieve true compensatory
mitigation for the extraordinary impact proposed on waters only a short distance
upstream from Greensboro's water supply reservoirs.
This request is directly tied to the Major Variance to be requested by PTAA as a follow-
up specifically due to the significant amount of buffer "encroachment" -- in our view,
destruction -- proposed by this, project in its section 401 application.
The EMC-adopted ordinance submitted by PTAA states, in Section 7, "Buffer
Requirements", (at (ii) that "public projects such as road crossings, runways, taxiways,
bridges, approach zones, light lanes, instrument approaches and other airport
facilities...." are exempt from all buffer requirements.
We"are requesting that buffers lost be treated in the manner described for wetlands in
2H .0506 (h) (8): "Unavoidable losses of wetlands adjacent to waters classified as WS-
III shall be replaced within the water supply watershed when practical."
The above rule does not specify a ratio. A reasonable ratio in this case would be at least
1:1. We believe that the buffer width should be *at least* equivalent for that required
for the High-Density Development option, which is used by the PTAA ordinance. As
stated in the PTAA ordinance, the distance would be 100 feet on either side of perennial
streams.
Because the it is unclear how much of the 13, 917 linear feet of streams proposed to be
eliminated by this project is distance along perennial streams, we cannot request a
specific acreage. The amount of acreage to be mitigated would be this linear footage of
perennial stream, times 200 feet. Example: at a 1:1 ratio, 5000 feet times 200 feet
would equal some 23 acres of mitigation. Considering that well over 300 acres of the
Brush Creek basin are proposed to be paved over for this project, we see this as
necessary mitigation.
**Again, we request that this mitigation occur in Guilford County's WS-III watersheds
above the existing public water supply reservoirs. **
(4) WATER QUALITY CONTROLS for de-icing and other polluting activities
ATTACHMENTS : (1) "Impacts of Deicing Fluids on Elijahs and Gunpowder Creeks, Boone
County, Kentucky." Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection, Division of
Water, 199-. Title page and Introduction. (2) Memo exchange on Airport Pollution
Impacts, between Frederick Fisher (a scientist with the US Air Force) and a consultant,
and the USEPA Non Point Info list. There are many other sources documenting the
threat of airport runways to water quality.
**A full-fledged "treatment train" must be implemented to control the impacts of
pollutants from runway de-icing and hazardous materials storage on this Water Supply
Watershed.**
Materials submitted by members of the PQLC serve to document that activities on
airport runways generate pollutants of concern.
Airport pollution impacts appear to have been the primary cause for the Kentucky water
bodies' appearance on the state's 303(d) list as submitted to USEPA.
Fisher's memo contends that " [t]he major focus of the aircraft sector [in terms of
water pollutants] is on deicing fluids." He mentions "ethylene or propylene glycol" and
"urea" as likely fluids in such use.
The need for runoff control of all uses associated with this project is especially critical
because it could be the dominant land use in the main stem of Brush Creek, a major
feeder, stream to Greensboro's public water supply.
**On behalf of PQLC, I request that FedEx/PTAA be required to construct, as a condition
for receiving any Water Quality Certification, a stormwater treatment system of
approximately this design.** My.thinking on this has been significantly aided by technical
staff of the local government stormwater programs in Cary, Chapel.Hill and Durham. All
say that DWQ stormwater specialists should make the final call on the exact BMPs, but
that this general design is the minimum needed.
(a) for runway de-icing:
As cited by F. Fisher, "deicing pads where runoff can be diverted for treatment and/or
recycling"as appropriate" -- this area should contain a vessel to collect the glycols or
urea;
Next, bioretention facilities: These would need to be easily maintained, with clean-out
area underneath to remove grit and materials of similar texture;
Next, constructed wetlands: These would be for "polishing" runoff at the end of the
cycle, before it enters what would remain of Brush Creek below the project, and above
Lake Brandt. As already specified by DWQ these would need to be off-line facilities.
(b) for hazardous materials storage:
first, double-walled tanks; second, tank containment structures; third, a collection
system parallel to the deicing pad facility; fourth, bioretention facilities; fifth,
constructed wetlands.
To deal with both general categories of pollutants, this approach would necessitate a
significant number of facilities. A handful of detention facilities will not suffice. We
particularly advocate a large number of constructed wetlands.
Note: It may be that PTAA has proposed to construct a system approaching this in
effectiveness. Nothing visible in any materials submitted so far seems to do so. I have
been depending in part on Dr. Dick Phillips (NC A&T) of the Guilford County Advisory
Board on Environmental Quality for some analysis of stormwater management options.
As he notes in his comments on behalf of that Board, PTAA consultants declined to
release any recent stormwater planning materials.
(5) CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
ATTACHMENTS: (1) Comments to FAA on FedEx DEIS. Memo to Donna M. Meyer,
USDOT/FAA, from Heinz J. Mueller, Chief, Office of Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Accountability Division, USEPA-Region 4, June 19, 2000. Page 13,
Cumulative Impacts.
(2) Comments on [subject project's] Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan. Memo to
John Thomas, USACE, from Danielle Pender, Piedmont Region Coordinator, Habitat
Conservation Program, NC Wildlife Resources Commission. 27 April 2001.
(3) "Smart Growth/Cumulative and Secondary Impacts." Memorandum to DENR Division
Directors from Secretary Bill Holman, January 5, 2001. In entirety.
(4) NC Environment and Natural Resources Laws. Section 143-215.1 (Control of
sources of water pollution; permits required): language at (b)(2) regarding "cumulative
effects."
**On behalf of PQLC, I request that DWQ deal with the cumulative impacts of this
project on downstream waters and wetlands.**
Environmental documentation for this project so far. (the DEIS, specifically) has
contained no meaningful exploration of cumulative impacts whatsoever. The USEPA
position appears to be that the DEIS failed to provide such information. In fact, the EPA
asks, if there are no planned developments in the area needing examination, "why then is
the airport being expanded?"
Another agency viewpoint is taken by Danielle Pender of the NC WRC: "We are
concerned that mitigation efforts will not adequately compensate for direct, secondary,
and cumulative impacts to the local watershed. "
We contend that DWQ should take whatever action it can to enforce 02H .0506 (b)(4):
"that existing uses are not removed or degraded by a discharge to surface waters by an
activity which" ..." does not result in cumulative impacts, based upon past or reasonably
anticipated futur impacts, that cause or will cause a violation of downstream water
quality standards."
In our view, this project does not appear to comply with this at present. We believe that,
based on upon contentions of the applicant in other contexts, there would be large
amounts of development induced by this project, with significant impacts to this WS-III
watershed. We do not see adequate mitigation measures proposed for those impacts. In
this, we are agreeing with the official position of the NC WRC.
Please note that I am including former Secretary Holman's memorandum on cumulative
and secondary impacts in the record for this project at his request. The statutory basis
for his memo is in the General Statutes for Water and Air Resources, which text is
attached.
It is my understanding from DWQ that most action on this issue would be up to the
Army Corps of Engineers. Since their Section 404 permit is directly linked to the Federal
environmental review process under NEPA, 1 can understand this viewpoint.
**On behalf of PQLC, I request that DWQ emphasize to the USACE the necessity of
evaluating and mitigating for the cumulative impacts of this proposal in their own review
process. **
ATTACHMENTS -- REFERENCE MATERIALS by section:
(2) The Mitigation Plan:
Comments on [subject project's] Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan. Memo to John
Thomas, USACE, from Danielle Pender, Piedmont Region Coordinator, Habitat
Conservation Program, NC Wildlife Resources Commission. 27 April 2001.
(3) Mitigation Beyond That For Water and Wetlands
"Water Supply Watershed Management and Protection Rules of the Piedmont Triad
Airport Authority" as submitted to NC EMC, April 2001. Page 1 ("Jurisdiction") and Page
9 ("Buffers Requirements").
(4) Water Quality Controls
"Impacts of Deicing Fluids on Elijahs and Gunpowder Creeks, Boone County, Kentucky."
Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection, Division of Water, 199-. Title page
and Introduction.
Memo exchange on Airport Pollution Impacts, between Frederick Fisher (a scientist with
the US Air Force) and a consultant, and the USEPA Non Point Info list.
(5) Cumulative Impacts:
Comments to FAA on FedEx DEIS from Heinz J. Mueller, Chief, Office of Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Accountability Division, USEPA-Region 4, June 19, 2000.
Page 13, Cumulative Impacts.
Pender to Thomas (see above).
"Smart Growth/Cumulative and Secondary Impacts." Memorandum to DENR Division
Directors from Secretary Bill Holman, January 5, 2001. In entirety.
NC Environment and Natural Resources Laws. Section 143-215.1 (Control of sources of
water pollution; permits required): language at (b)(2) regarding "cumulative effects."
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mr. John Thomas, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory- Field Office
FROM: Danielle R. Pender, Piedmont Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: 27 April 2001
SUBJECT: Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan for Construction of Proposed Runway
5L/23R, Proposed New Overnight Express Air Cargo Sorting and Distribution
Facility, and Associated Developments, Piedmont Triad International Airport,
Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina, Action ID No. 200021655
Biologists with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission have reviewed the
subject document. On-site investigations of the project area were conducted on 4 May 2000 and
of select proposed mitigation areas on 13 September 2000 and 11 April 2001. Our comments are
provided in accordance with provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et seq.)
and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
Federal Express (FedEx), an overnight express air cargo operator, has selected the Piedmont
Triad International Airport (PTIA) as the site for its proposed new hub. The Piedmont Triad
Airport Authority (PTAA) is proposing to construct a 9,000-foot parallel Transport Category
runway, an air cargo sorting and distribution facility, roadway improvements, and navigational aids
for the new runway. The FedEx facility and associated developments at PTIA are proposed to
impact 23.77 acres of wetland and 13,917 linear feet (If) of stream channel. The PTAA has
proposed a mitigation plan that incorporates on- and off-site mitigation totally 286.4 acres of
wetlands, comprised of restoration, creation, and preservation, and 41,895 If of stream channel,
comprised of restoration, enhancement, and preservation.
On-site mitigation is proposed as approximately 4,9601f of restoration of Horsepen Creek,
which traverses the Longview Golf Course, and approximately 11.0 acres of wetland creation and
9.0 acres of wetland restoration along Horsepen Creek and adjacent golf course. The
concentrations of highest rated wetlands on-site are the bottomland hardwood and headwater - - - -
forest associated with Brush Creek, which is also where the majority of impacts will occur. On-
site mitigation associated with the Brush Creek site is proposed as 3,960 If of stream preservation
and 5001f of stream restoration and 52.3 acres of wetland preservation, 5.3 acres of wetland
creation, and 7.1 acres of wetland restoration. Off-site mitigation is proposed as 0.5 acres of
wetland creation and 1,3501f of stream restoration along Staley Creek in North Park, Burlington;
0.5 acres of wetland creation and 2,1941f of stream restoration at Willowbrook Park, Burlington;
0.7 acres of wetland creation, 3,4051f of stream restoration, and 1,3301f of stream enhancement at +
Little Alamance Creek in City Park, Burlington; 900 If of stream restoration along Staley Creek in

Page 2
27 April 2001
Piedmont Triad Airport Mitigation Plan
Action ID No. 200021655
Robinson Park, Burlington, in Alamance County; 9201f of stream restoration at South Buffalo
Creek in Greensboro, Guilford County; and 200 acres of wetland preservation and 21,000 if of
stream preservation at Benaja Swamp in Rockingham County.
The applicants have disseminated a thorough and commendable mitigation plan. It appears
as though the applicants made a strong effort to locate mitigation locations within the local area.
Although this attempt was unsuccessful, off-site mitigation sites are within the same 8-digit North
Carolina Hydrologic Unit. However, we are concerned that mitigation efforts will not adequately
compensate for direct, secondary, and cumulative impacts to the local watershed. We are
additionally concerned that much of the proposed mitigation sites are not of equal "quality" to the
proposed impact sites. We are especially concerned that many of the stream mitigation sites have
sections that flow through culverts that will not be removed, particularly South Buffalo Creek and
its tributary. There is a long section of a tributary that flows through buried culverts, and both the
tributary and the main channel flow through a culvert situated well above the streambed, resulting
in an outlet drop. This has resulted in an excessively shallow stream. Nonetheless, we appreciate
the hard work put into the plan and are very pleased with the mitigation proposal for preservation
at Benaja Swamp and with the application of forested buffers to the mitigation areas.
We have the following additional comments on this Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan.
1. Page 2 (second bullet) of the letter from Law Engineering to Mr. John Thomas and Ms.
Cyndi Karoly states that "The site (South Buffalo Creek) will not be included as part of
the Mitigation Plan". This is a confusing statement, since South Buffalo Creek is presented
as part of the Plan.
2. Confusing terminology is used in regards to buffer widths. At times the applicant uses the
following terms when referring to buffer widths.
• a particular distance from each bank
• a particular corridor width
• a particular corridor width from each bank
3. There are 99.12 acres of Brush Creek jurisdiction on PTAA-property. -Impacts are
proposed for 24.61 acres and preservation is proposed for 52.3 acres. The applicant
indicates that 22.21 acres will not be impacted by the project. We would like clarification
as to why the 22.21 acres were not included in,the preservation and if there are foreseeable
impacts to this area in the future.
4. The document states that "Willowbrook Creek drains the Burlington area where water
quality problems have been associated with urban runoff and storm sewers". At our
September 2000 site visit we noticed numerous pipes along the banks that discharge storm

Page 3
27 April 2001
Piedmont Triad Airport Mitigation Plan
Action ID No. 200021655
water directly into the stream. If this drainage system remains for this creek, we suspect
that restoration efforts will be short lived. We suggest that the pipes be removed and
stormwater routed through grassed swales or other bioretention means prior to entering the
stream as part of the restoration project. This suggestion applies to other mitigation sites
if similar conditions exist.
5. We feel that the quality of the restoration and enhancement efforts at the South Buffalo
Creek site is of limited value if the stream is not restored to a natural channel. Restoring
the stream's dimension, pattern, and profile to that of a natural and stable channel is
preferred. Such activities should include ensuring aquatic organism passage throughout the
ecosystem.
6. We are pleased with the proposed preservation of Benaja Swamp and with the proposed
150-foot buffers around the wetland and streams. However we request that these buffers
be carried to the next 10-foot elevation above the buffer zone to provide adequate
protection of this important resource. ,The applicants have indicated that they may
purchase the entire Benaja Swamp tract, with the option to sell unprotected uplands. This
area not only provides water quality protection and important habitat for aquatic life, but
also provides important habitat for wildlife species such as turkeys, deer, beaver, otter, and
other small birds and animals. Large contiguous areas with high quality stream, wetland,
and upland habitat are rapidly disappearing from Guilford and Rockingham Counties.
Therefore, we encourage the applicants to preserve the entire tract, including the upland
area, to adequately protect fish and wildlife habitat.
7. If mitigation areas have not been delineated, particularly Benaja Swamp, we request that
acreage be delineated and surveyed and buffer areas mapped prior to issuance of the
404/401 permit. Additionally, ownership of preserved areas should be specified prior to
permit issuance.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. If we can provide
further assistance, please contact our office at [phone].
cc: John Dorney, DWQ
Kathy Matthews, USEPA
Howard Hall, USFWS
Richard Darling, Law Engineering
E-mail: Steve Hall, NHP
Ron Linville, Shari Bryant, NCWRC
• r
WATER SUPPLY WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION RULES
OF THE
PIEDMONT TRIAD AIRPORT AUTHORITY
Section 1. General Provisions
A. Statutory Authority. These Rules are adopted by the Pied-
mont Triad Airport Authority (the "Authority") in compliance
with Chapter 143, Article 21 of the General Statutes of
North Carolina and N.C.G.S. 143-214.5. The Authority has
the statutory power to adopt these Rules under Sec. 3, Sec-
tion (d) (5) of its enabling legislation (Chapter 98 of the
Public Local Laws of North Carolina, and Chapter 1078 of the
1979 Session Laws of North Carolina (2d Session 1980), as
amended).
B. Jurisdiction. The territory subject to these Rules is the
Piedmont Triad International Airport in Guilford County,
N.C., as it now exists and as it expands in the future. A
portion of the Airport lies within the watershed of the City
of Greensboro, including both the Brush Creek, Greensboro
Watershed and the Horsepen Creek, Greensboro Watershed, as
shown on the Watershed Map attached hereto as Exhibit A.
This portion of the Airport is classified as a Class WS-III
Watershed Area under the Rules of the North Carolina Envi-
ronmental Management Commission. The remainder of the Air-
port lies within the Deep River, High Point Watershed, as
shown on Exhibit A. This latter portion of the Airport is
classified as a Class WS-IV Watershed Area by the North
Carolina Environmental Management Commission and is subject
to the special watershed protection rules for the Randleman
Lake Water Supply Watershed set forth in 15A NCAC 2B.0248
et sea. (the "Randleman Lake Rules"). No part of the Air-
port is within a Watershed Critical Area.
C. Elections of the Authority. Subject to the provisions
set forth hereinafter, the Authority makes the following
elections:- - -- ----- - -
1. The Authority elects to apply the standards for Class
WS-III Watershed Areas to the entire Airport, including
the portion thereof within the Deep River, High Point
Watershed. However, the Authority elects to apply the
Randleman Lake riparian area (buffer) Rules (15A NCAC
2B.0250) solely to the portion of the Airport that lies
such purpose, the Watershed Administrator must also grant final
approval of such runoff control structures before such structures
shall be deemed to have been completed.
D. Overall Limit on Total Built Upon Percentage. In no event
shall the Total Built Upon Percentage at the Airport exceed
50%.
Section 7. Buffer Requirements
A Buffer shall be maintained along all Perennial Waters
throughout the Airport, other than Wet Detention Ponds outside
the banks of existing streams. The Buffer shall have a minimum
width of 100 feet measured landward from the normal pool eleva-
tion of impoundments or from the bank of each side of such
streams. No New Development Project shall be allowed in the
Buffer except for the following types of development where no
practical alternative exists: (i) structures such as flag poles,
signs and security lights which result in only de minimus in-
creases in impervious area, and (ii) public projects such as road
crossings, runways, taxiways, bridges, approach zones, light
lanes, instrument approaches and other airport facilities that
are not leased to any tenant. These activities shall minimize
Built Upon Area, direct run-off away from the surface waters and
maximize the utilization of storm water Best Management Prac-
tices. When public projects encroach into the Buffer, then to
the extent that it is practicable to do so consistent with the
Authority's approved Airport Layout Plan, the encroachment shall
be minimized and the stream crossing shall be as perpendicular
as possible to the direction of the stream. Desirable artificial
stream bank or shoreline stabilization is permitted.
Section 8. Additional Protection of Riparian Areas
In Deep River Watershed
A. Deep River Zone 1.
1. Subject to the requirements set forth in the other
Sections of these Rules,-the following activities and -- --
practices are allowed in Deep River Zone 1:
a. Natural regeneration of forest vegetation.and
planting vegetation to enhance the riparian area
if disturbance is minimized, provided that any
- 9 -
Impacts of Deicing Fluids on Elijahs and Gunpowder Creeks
Boone County, Kentucky
KENTUCKY DEPART141ENT FOR EN111RONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER
Frankfort, Kentucky
This report has been approved for release:
Jack A. Wilson, Director
Division of Water
Date
Introduction
Water quality in Elijahs and Gunpowder creeks in Boone County,
Kentucky, has been severely impacted by deicina_ fluids from the
Cincinnati /Northern Kentucky International Airport. The headwaters of
both Elijahs Creek and Gunpowder Creek are located on airport property
(Figure 1). In 1992, the Kentucky Division of Water (KDOW) began
documenting this problem in Elijahs Creek. In 1993, the KDOW conducted a
stream study and issued the report "Elijahs Creek Drainage Biological and
Water Quality Investigation." This study found that Elijahs Creek, which
drains the northern portion of the airport, had been severely degraded by
intermittent discharges of ethylene glycol from the airport. Ethylene
glycol, the main component of deicing fluids, creates a high biochemical
oxygen demand and provides a high carbon source of food, which fuels
extensive growths of Sphaerotilus bacteria. Sphaerotilus was found to
cover the entire stream channel at two locations, crowding out indigenous
forms of aquatic life. Decomposing Sphaerotilus caused the substrate of
the channel to be anoxic. These nuisance conditions are in violation of
Kentucky water quality regulations.
The KDOW cited the airport for polluting Elijahs Creek; and, in
addition to paying a fine, the airport began to take remedial measures.
Specific deicing pads were constructed for deicing fluids to drain into
holding tanks. Fluids would then be pumped to the regional wastewater
treatment plant, mixed with normal domestic wastewater, treated, and
discharged to the Ohio River. Despite these efforts, water quality
problems in Elijahs Creek persisted. In 1995, as a result of significant
airport expansion, similar water quality problems began to be found in
Gunpowder Creek, at the southern end of the airport.
Various meetings, enforcement actions, and additional sample
collections were conducted during these years. The airport proposed
several additional remedial measures and intensified monitoring efforts.
The local media also became interested in this issue, and during these
years several articles were published to keep the public informed of these
problems. In 1996, the KDOW listed both streams as high priority in
Kentucky's 303(d) list of waters not meeting designated uses. This listing
requires the state to establish a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for
deicing fluids and to implement solutions for these problems. This report
is intended to satisfy these requirements.
MEMO EXCHANGE ON AIRPORT POLLUTION IMPACTS
Frederick Fisher, United States Air Force, AND Melissa DeSantis, Public Outreach Specialist, Tetra
Tech, Inc.; Frederick Fisher AND USEPA Non Point Source Info List
Date: Thu, 9 Nov 2000 12:30:36 -0700
From: Fisher Frederick M GS-12 49 CES/CEVN <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail],
Subject: RE: Airport Runoff
Message-ID: <799ODDE76FAFD41 1 B235009027ADOAB3053000@hmn-
ms202ex4.holloman.af.mil>
Hi Melissa:
Runoff from airports is regulated as a point source under the storm water NPDES program.
Aircraft deicing is Sector S of the permit which was published, along with a lengthy fact sheet, in
the Sep 29, 1995 Federal Register on pages 50803-51319. The permit is so long because it
covers a number of industrial activities. The main area of interest is the Sector S fact sheet which
is found on pages 50998-51004. It has some good basic information on what pollutants are to be
expected from airports (it also refers to an FAA study which is likely to provide more detailed
information). If you can download or otherwise obtain an electronic copy, you can search for
"deic" which will lead you to other relevant sections. The federal permit is about to be renewed
and there is some new Federal Register pages but I don't think they will add too much new
information.
Note that specific regulatory requirements vary somewhat between different states. However,
the following is likely to be true for most states:
The major focus of the aircraft sector is on deicing fluids. If the airport in question uses more
than 100,000 gallons of glycol-based fluids or 100 tons urea annually, the federal permit requires
the airport to sample stormwater runoff. You should be able to obtain the sample results to see
what sort of problems may exist now -just compare the results to the benchmarks in the permit.
The federal permit requires the airport to develop a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP)
and implement best management practices to control runoff of deicing fluids. The SWPPP should
describe the types of contaminants expected in their runoff and the best management practices
(BMPs = procedures, structures, etc.) used to reduce or eliminate the contaminants. The SWPPP
should be available for inspection by the public.
Fred M. Fisher, Ph.D.
49 CES/CEVN
550 Tabosa Ave
Holloman AFB, NM 88330-8458
505 572-3931 (DSN 572-3931)
FAX: [phone] (DSN 572-5080)
----Original Message--
From: Melissa DeSantis [SMTP:[e-mail]}
Sent: Wednesday, November 08, 2000 2:27 PM
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: Airport Runoff
I'm looking for information on the impacts of stormwater runoff from =
airport runways, etc. What are the contaminants of concern? What kinds =
of bmps are used at airports to address contaminants in runoff? Is =
airport runoff a big problem?
Thanks!
Melissa DeSantis
Public Outreach Specialist
Tetra Tech, Inc.
10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340
Fairfax, VA 22030
703-385-6000, ext. 185
Date: Fri, 7 Jan 2000 10:53:17 -0700
From: Fisher Fred Civ 49CES/CEV <[e-mail]>
To: Multiple recipients of list <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: De-icers - First on jets, now on cars
Message-iD: <C30DB672577BD31IBOA9009027ADOAB3B6E4C8@HMN-MS202EX1>
Aircraft are most often deiced using ethylene or propylene glycol, one or the other of which is
usually the primary ingrediant in the antifreeze used in automotive engines. Most windshield
deicers I am familiar with are methanol based, although something else may be used in Minnesota
and other northern areas.
Aircraft deicing is regulated as a point source under the NPDES Storm Water Multi-Sector General
Permit for Industrial Activities (Sector S). Airports and other similar facilities (Air Force Bases)
must develop plans to capture runoff or, in our case in the southwest, eliminate unnecessary use.
The emphasis seems to have shifted to controlling runoff, which is generally easier to do from
airports and other airfields, than it would be from public roads. For example, airfields can
construct deicing pads where runoff can be diverted for treatment and/or recycling as
appropriate.
Fred M. Fisher -
49 CES/CEVN, Holloman AFB, NM
DSN 572-3931, fax [phone]
COMM [phone], fax [phone]
mailto:[e-mail]
13
® Cumulative Impacts - We appreciate that at least two projects were referenced regarding
cumulative impacts (pg. 5-210). These were the completed FAA Categorical Exclusion (CE)
regarding Runway 14 Safety Area and the Western Greensboro Urban Loop highway project.
Although descriptive, these summaries did not provide environmental impact information that
may be cumulative to the proposed action such as noise, water quality and wetland impacts. The
FEIS should discuss. Page 5-210 also states that "[c]oordination with the cities of Greensboro,
high Point, and Winston-Salem as well as Guilford County indicate that there are no other known
major planned developments in the PTIA area that need to be considered on a cumulative basis."
However, it seems unrealistic that no substantive projects are planned within the foreseeable
future for the greater Greensboro area (why then is the airport being expanded?). The FEIS
should revisit this and further discuss potential federal or non-federal projects and their specific
impacts (particularly those impacts similar to the proposed action) within a 10-15 year horizon.
j. MJ Le,_?, U &A7

MEMORANDUM
TO: DENR Division Directors
FROM: Bill Holman
RE: Smart Growth/Cumulative and Secondary Impacts
DATE: January 5, 2001
Increasingly, DENR staff must consider the secondary and cumulative
effects of proposed projects in issuing permits and in reviewing
environmental documents under the North Carolina Environmental Policy
Act and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Some of the
statutes governing our permitting programs, such as the Coastal Area
Management Act, direct the Department to consider those indirect impacts
in making a permit decision. Many secondary and cumulative effects have
to do with increased growth and development that may result from the
project under review - whether it is a proposed wastewater treatment
plant, a highway or a major industrial facility. As DENR programs have
been directed to address cumulative and secondary impacts in decision-
making, the State has also begun to focus more attention generally on
smart growth and sustainability. Protecting, maintaining, and restoring
North Carolina's high quality of life is essential to both North Carolina's
environmental and economic health.
To assist both DENR staff and project planners. DENR has summarized in
this document some of the goals of the Department with respect to use of
open space, regionalization and other planning tools. These principles also
reflect the mitigation measures most often recommended by our natural
resource agencies as necessary to protect fish and wildlife habitat and rare.
threatened and endangered species. Many of these recommendations are
consistent with the draft recommendations of the Legislative Commission
To Address Smart Growth, Growth Management And Development
Issues. To the extent allowed under existing statutes and rules, i encourage
DENR staff to consider these guiding principles and resource conservation
recommendations when reviewing and commenting on environmental
documents. Following these principles is a resource list identifying other
materials that provide useful guidelines for planning.
C.
DENR WORKING PRINCIPLES TO ENCOURAGE SMART GROWTH, TO
AVOID, MINIMIZE AND MITIGATE DIRECT, SECONDARY AND
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS, AND TO PROTECT AIR, WATER AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
Open Space
• DENR supports the statutory goal of preserving one million acres of open space over
the next ten years as provided in, GS 113A-240.
• DENR supports expanding and connecting the system of state parks, state forests,
state gamelands, state trails. state natural areas, local parks, local trails. local
greenways, national parks. national seashores, national forests. and national wildlife
refuges.
• DENR encourages local governments and project planners to maintain connected
wildlife corridors linking existing parks, refuges and buffers and make protection of
rare, threatened and endangered species a consideration in acquisition of open space.
• DENR supports private stewardship and conservation of farmland and forestland.
• DENR encourages the maintenance of at least 20% of the land in new residential and
commercial developments as open space consistent with the Division of Community
Assistance guidelines for redevelopment of areas affected by Hurricane Floyd.
(Under Resources, see Subdivision Design Standards for State Crisis Housing
Infrastructure Funds.)
• DENR supports local acquisition of conservation easements for greenways in
conjunction with acquisition of easements for sewer lines along streams.
Brownfields
DENR supports remediation and redevelopment of previously contaminated sites (or
"brown fields") in urban areas to encourage compact development in cities and towns
and to discourage sprawl.
Floodplains, buffers and wetlands
• DENR supports state and local policies to discourage inappropriate industrial.
commercial, and residential development in 100-year floodplains. Facilities that use
or store hazardous materials and wastes should not be located in the 100-year
floodplain. See the Flood Hazard Prevention Act of 2000. GS 143-215.51.
Filling in floodplains should be mitigated to prevent increased risk of flooding.
DENR supports protection and restoration of forested riparian buffers on all - - - - - - -
intermittent and perennial streams. DENR recommends the 50-foot buffer rules
adopted by the Environmental Management Commission in the Neuse and Tar-
Pamlico River Basins as a model for buffets designed to protect and restore water
quality. Destruction of riparian buffers should be mitigated.
• DENR supports conservation and restoration of wetlands in order to protect and
restore water quality, to provide wildlife habitat. and to store flood waters.
Destruction of wetlands should be mitigated.
2
Water Supply Infrastructure
DENR supports local, regional and state policies to prevent and reduce contamination
of surface and underground drinking water supplies.
DENR discourages inappropriate industrial, commercial, and residential development
in water supply watersheds and in wellhead protection areas.
DENR encourages the incorporation of water reuse (or industrial and other non-
drinking water purposes) into the development of ne%v water supply infrastructure
projects.
Regionalism
• DENR supports consolidation and regionalization of public services such as drinking
water treatment. distribution, and conservation; wastewater collection, treatment and
reuse: stormwater collection and treatment; and reduction. reuse, recycling and
disposal of solid waste.
• DENR supports integration of transportation, air quality, and land use planning at the
regional level.
• DENR supports local and regional open space planning; the Yadkin/Peedee Lake plan
is an example of that kind of regional planning for open space and recreational use.
• DENR supports giving priority for funding to planning and infrastructure projects
designed to address regional needs.
Public Access
• DENR supports public access to public beaches, waters, parks, forests, gamelands,
and trails.
Transportation
• DENR supports transportation projects and plans that reduce air pollution and vehicle
miles traveled. Planning for public transit and the incorporation of sidewalks and
bicycle lanes into street and highway projects offer other ways to reduce pollution
and make our transportation system more efficient. DENR also supports
incorporation of access controls into the planning of new highway projects as another
approach that is consistent with smart growth principles.
• DENR encourages subdivision design that limits use of cul de sacs and encourages
use of connector streets. DENR supports the Department of Transportation's - - - - -
Traditional Neighborhood Development Guidelines adopted in August, 2000.
• DENR encourages mixed use development to decrease vehicle miles traveled.
Land Use Planning
• DENR encourages the use of local land use plans and watershed plans to guide
development away from important natural resources, critical habitat, and hazard
areas.

• DENR recommends development of local land use plans that are consistent with the
Environmental Management Commission's river basin plans.
• DENR supports in-fill development to make the best use of existing infrastructure.
• DENR supports clustering of new development to avoid unnecessary fragmentation
of open space and wildlife habitat.
• DENR supports a dedicated source of funding for wastewater. drinking water,
stormwater and other infrastructure projects. DENR also supports linking the state
funding of infrastructure projects to development of and compliance with local land
use plans.
Smart Growth Resources
Land Use Planning
Subdivision Design Standards for State Crisis Housing Infrastructure Funds
(from: http://wvti,%v.nccommerce.com/recovery/programs/sub.asp)
City Subdivisions:
Minimum:
Subdivisions must be located in or near an existing community. and must be served
by public water and sewer. Streets must provide interconnections within the
subdivision. connect to a public street and meet NCDOT or municipal standards. Cul
de sacs serve fewer than 16 lots. Subdivisions must provide open space which
protects sensitive portions of the site and provides areas for common use or natural
features. The open space may be deeded to the public if feasible, owned and
managed by a home owners' association or preserved by perpetual easement.
Clustering of lots is encouraged to provide open space. Undisturbed buffers of 30 feet
must be maintained on perennial streams.
Preferred:
Preference shall be given to infrastructure projects that meet the following higher
desi<_*n standards:
subdivisions with greater than 5 acres shall dedicate a minimum of
_ 20% of the gross land area in the subdivision as open space;
undisturbed buffers of 50 feet are maintained on perennial and
intermittent streams except as required by the construction of utilities
and roads:
water and waste water lines extend less than 2500 feet from existing .
lines:
subdivision provides an interconnecting pattern of streets with
constructed connection to adjoining properties;
4
cul de sacs serve fewer than 8 lots:
sidewalks four feet wide are provided on one side of all streets
except for cul de sacs.
Rural Subdivisions:
For subdivisions located in areas which are designated to remain rural and are not
located in municipal planning jurisdictions, planned sewer service areas and
municipal growth boundaries, the following rural subdivision criteria shall apply.
Streets shall be public and constructed to NCDOT standards, provide interconnectivity
and connection to developable adjoining properties. Cul de sacs shall serve fewer
than 16 lots. Public water shall serve all lots. Fifty foot undisturbed buffers shall be
maintained along perennial streams except as required by the construction of utilities
and roads.
Open Space and Public Access
• Draft recommendations of the Farmland and Open Space Work Group of the
Legislative Commission To Address Smart Growth. Growth Management And
Development Issues.
Brownfiields
• Draft recommendations of the Community and Downtown Vitality Work Group of
the Legislative Commission To Address Smart Growth, Growth Management And
Development Issues.
Transportation
• Draft recommendations of the Transportation Work Group of the Legislative
Commission To Address Smart Growth, Growth Management And Development
Issues.
• Department of Transportation Traditional Neighborhood Development Guidelines
adopted in August, 2000. Guidelines can be accessed at:
littp://www.doh.dot.state.ne.us/operations/tnd.12df .
5
MAL RESOURCES LAWS STATE DEPARTMENTS, ETC. §143-215.1
nmission shall review
tine whether the rule:
he agency by the Gen-
Effect of Amendments. - The 1989
amendment, effective May 30, 1989,
added subsection (d).
Legal Periodicals. - For survey of
1979 administrative law, see 58 N.C.L.
Rev. 1185 (1980).
the administrative
d to it by statute or to
.tion of a program or
,opted. (1989, c. 447, s.
CASE NOTES
Stated in Biddix v. Henredon Furn.
Indus., Inc., 76 N.C. App. 30, 331 S.E.2d
717 (1985).
§ 143-215.1. Control of sources of water pollution;
tion. The act was ratified
!9.
limitations.
:ted to develop, adopt,
imitations and waste
ines necessary to pro-
effluent standards or
wide, without limita-
mt practices for any
s, management prac-
ombinations of toxic
ources; and pretreat-
disposal system sub-
anagement practices.
eveloped and adopted
pon the effluents dis-
im outlets and point
limit the waste loads
essary to maintain or
id radiological integ-
tices developed and
etices necessary to be
ution of pollutants to
tations and manage-
i by the same consld-
ne, in federal law for
g the Federal Water
he General Assembly
d management prac-
7ictive than the most
and limitations and
!ction (c) of this ses-
sion may adopt rules
perated pursuant to
icorporate standards
comprehensive than
s. 1; 1971, c. 1167, s.
c. 583, s. 1; 1979, c.
c. 168, s. 48.)
permits required.
(a) Activities for Which Permits Required. - No person shall do
any of the following things or carry out any of the following activi-
ties until or unless such person shall have applied for and shall
have received from the Commission a permit therefor and shall
have complied with such conditions, if any, as are prescribed by
such permit:
(1) Make any outlets into the waters of the State;
.(2) Construct or operate any sewer system, treatment works,
or disposal system within the State;
(3) Alter, extend, or change the construction or method of oper-
ation of any sewer system, treatment works, or disposal
system within the State;
(4) Increase the quantity of waste discharged through any out-
let or processed in any treatment works or disposal system
to any extent which would result in any violation of the
effluent standards or limitations established for any point
source or which would adversely affect the condition of the
receiving waters to the extent of violating any of the stan-
dards applicable to such water;
(5) Change the nature of the waste discharged through any
disposal system in any way which would exceed the efflu-
ent standards or limitations established for any point
source or which would adversely affect the condition of the
receiving waters in relation to any of the standards appli-
cable to such waters;
(6) Cause or permit any waste, directly or indirectly, to be
discharged to or in any manner intermixed with the waters
of the State in violation of the water quality standards
applicable to the assigned classifications or in violation of
any effluent standards or limitations established for any
- - point source, unless allowed as a condition of any permit,
special order or other appropriate instrument issued or en-
tered into by the Commission under the provisions of this
Article;
(7) Cause or permit any wastes for which pretreatment is re-
quired by pretreatment standards to be discharged, di-
rectly or indirectly, from a pretreatment facility to any
disposal system or to alter, extend or change the construc-
tion or method of operation or increase the quantity or
change the nature of the waste discharged from or pro-
cessed in such facility;
(8) Enter into a contract for the construction and installation
of any outlet, sewer system, treatment works, pretreat-
381
§143-215.1 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAWS STATE DEPARTME.N
ment facility or disposal system or for the alteration or shall be s
extension of any such facilities;
(9) Dispose of sludge resulting from the operation of a treat-
dies apph
(4) The Comr
ment works, including the removal of in-place sewage
sludge from one location and its deposit at another loca- a. To gran
C

tion, consistent with the requirement of the Resource Con- omn

servation and Recovery Act and regulations promulgated poses
b. To req,
pursuant thereto; that t:
(10) Cause or permit any pollutant to enter into a defined man- r.
ration
aged area of the State's waters for the maintenance or 1
1s f

production of harvestable freshwater, estuarine
or marine
,. .
.
.
,
plants or animals. f
In the event that both effluent standards or limitations and clan- o
2. Haz-
sifications and water quality standards are applicable to any point da
source or sources and to the waters to which they discharge, the ->! u E
more stringent among the standards established by the Commis- wl-
sion shall be applicable and controlling.
ha

In connection with the above, no such permit shall be granted for .
erz
the disposal of waste in waters classified as sources of public water pn
supply where the head of the agency which administers the public
c. T
water supply program pursuant to Article 10 of Chapter 130A of a yss°'v
the General Statutes, after review of the plans and specifications d. To desi,:
for the proposed disposal facility, determines and advises the Com- which z
mission that such disposal is sufficiently close to the intake works ing:
or proposed intake works of a public water supply as to have an 1. The
adverse effect on the public health. 2. How
In any case where the Commission denies a permit, it shall state ' 3. The
in writing the reason for such denial and shall also state the Com- 4. The
mission's estimate of the changes in the applicant's proposed activi- ual
ties or plans which will be required in order that the applicant may e. To desi
:
obtain a permit. g
which:
(b) Commission's Power as to Permits. - 1. Perfo
(1) The Commission shall act on all permits so as to prevent, so and
far as reasonably possible, considering relevant standards 2. Indiv
b
under State and federal laws, any significant increase in (
1) The Commis:
pollution of the waters of the State from any new or en- backwash facilities c
larged sources. No permit shall be denied and no condition (1) Application z
shall be attached to the permit, except when the Commis- (2) Reporting re
(3
sion finds such denial or such conditions necessary to effec- `. ) Monitoring r
tuate the purposes of this Article. (4) Requirement_
(2) The Commission shall also act on all permits so as to pre- par tment rep
f
vent violation of water quality standards due to the cumu- ,_. acility.
(c) A
licati
f
i lative effects of permit decisions. Cumulative effects are
_ fr pp
ons
o:
charging to the S
r
impacts attributable to the collective effects of a number of
projects and include the effects of additional projects simi-
F
t
th
d
i
i
;-
a u
(1) All ap licatio
p
alts for outlE
ar
o
e requeste
perm
t
n areas available for develop-
ment in the vicinity. All permit decisions shall require and disposal
the Stat
h
that the practicable waste treatment and disposal alterna- e s
<
prescribe th
tive with the least adverse impact on the environment be
a e
shall be fil
r
utilized.
(3) General permits may be issued under rules adopted pursu- e
advance of th
discharge of
ant to Chapter 150B of the General Statutes. Such rules h mite expires
a
may provide that minor activities may occur under a gen- * ?... ,
on a permit F
eral permit issued in accordance with conditions set out in

such rules. All persons covered under general permits 7 mission may
siders necessa
382
6, -?
Arnold King
AK Commercial Realty, Inc.
Post Office Box 1822, Kernersville, N.C. 27285
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
February 26, 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1621
Re: FedEx, Piedmont Triad International Airport
Dear Ms. Karoly,
This letter is to voice my strong support for the proposed FedEx hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. While there will be substantial public financial support necessary for
this project, all cost-benefit analyses that I have studied would suggest overwhelmingly that
the benefits far outweigh the costs. FedEx will have a positive impact for the entire
Piedmont Triad region at a time when we desperately need better quality jobs to replace the
thousands of lost tobacco and textile jobs. FedEx will prove to be the catalyst that attracts
more high-tech jobs to our region. This has been proven true in all.other areas that are home
to a FedEx hub.
The Piedmont Triad region desperately needs FedEx.
Sincerely,
Arnold G. King
CT
CLARK BLOSS & MCIVER, PLLC
Attorneys at Law
Suite 600
David M. Clark 125 South Elm Street
John F. Bloss* Greensboro, North Carolina 27401
Robert G. McIver
Jonathan Wall- February 22, 2001
James E. Tanner, III
* Also Admitted in VA
f Also Admitted in DC
Ms. Susan Massengale
Division of Water Quality
State of North Carolina
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Dear Ms. Massengale:
•dii ?i c

Mailing Address:
P.O. Box 1349
Greensboro, NC 27402-1349
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]
Thanks for talking with me on February 1 and yesterday concerning the proposed
FedEx project in Guilford County and other matters. And thanks for advising me that the time
for public comment on the FedEx project at Piedmont Triad International Airport will be
extended past February 28 until at least the date of a new hearing on that matter which has not
yet been scheduled.
As we discussed, I would hope that the comment period would extend past the new
hearing date so as to allow the issues to be sharpened at any such hearing, thereby making any
further comments more direct to the issues.
Thank you for your kindness and cooperation.
- - - " David-M. Clark-
mtb .
cc: Ms. Cindy Karoly
I'll
Yours very truly,
alAiai
LESLIE G. FRYE
SAMUEL M. BOOTH
TERESA L. HIER
February 27, 2001
FRYE AND BOOTH
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW
1171 WEST FOURTH STREET
WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA 27101
N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
RE: Application for Water Quality Certification
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority/Fed Ex
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Ms. Karoly:
6i
TELEPHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]

I am advised that the Airport Authority and Federal Express have made applications for
Water Quality Certification in connection with the proposed additions to be made to the Triad
Airport and the construction of the Federal Express facilities.
I strongly support the location of the Federal Express new Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Triad
Airport. The Triad has lost basic employers in the tobacco and textile industries over the last decade
and it appears further losses will occur.
I am advised Federal Express will make an initial investment of $300 million in establishing
the new Hub and will employ 750 employees which will be expanded to 1500 employees when the
facility becomes fully operational. I understand one-third of these jobs will be full-time with an
average annual salary of $34,000, and that part- time employees will be eligible for the same job
benefits as the full-time employees.
- - - Dr. Donald Jud, University of North Carolina economist, predicts a $2.4 billion impact on
the area over a ten year period of operation and such an impact will be an unprecedented economic
boost for the Triad and the State.
We need this facility and I request the applications be approved.
Very truly yours,

Samuel M. Booth
CqN(-->I
SHUGART ENTERPRISES LLC
3015 Maplewood Ave., Suite 201- Winston-Salem, NC 27103 [phone]
February 27, 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1621
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
RE: Application for Water Quality Certification
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority/Fed Ex
Greensboro, North Carolina
Dear Ms. Karoly:
„ i w?l

I am advised that the Airport Authority and Federal Express have made applications for
Water Quality Certification in connection with the proposed additions to be made to the Triad
Airport and the construction of the Federal Express facilities.
I strongly support the location of the Federal Express new Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Triad
Airport. The Triad has lost basic employers in the tobacco and textile industries over the last
decade and it appears further losses will occur.
C_ T
I am advised Federal Express will make an initial investment of $300 million in
establishing the new Hub and will employ 750 employees which will be expanded to 1500
employees when the facility becomes fully operational. I understand one-third of these
- - - - - - -jobs will be-full-time with an -average annual salary of $34,000,-and that part-time employees ----
will be eligible for the same job benefits as the full-time employees.
Dr. Donald Jud, University of North Carolina economist, predicts a $2.4 billion
impact on the area over a ten year period of operation and such an impact will be an
unprecedented economic boost for the Triad and the State.
We need this facility and I request the applications be approved.
Very trul yo s,
Grover Shugart, Jr.
6ydt5i
VP BUILDINGS
VARCO-PRUDEN
February 28, 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn.: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly,
VP Buildings, Inc.
1140 W. Mountain St.
Kernersville, NC 27284
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
i
I am writing to show my company's support for the FedEx Hub at the Piedmont Triad
Airport.
As I am sure you are aware, the new hub would make an initial investment of
approximately $300 million in its new Mid-Atlantic Hub in the Triad area. Additionally,
FedEx plans to hire about 750 workers and increase that number by 1500 by the time it is
fully operational.
The Triad area has lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade and my
company alone has laid off 46 employees since the first of this year. This is
approximately one third of our plant employees. It is sad to see them searching for a good
job and there are not enough good paying jobs available.
The Triad area would greatly benefit by the infusion of several hundred good paying jobs
such as would be offered through the FedEx Hub.
Please consider the benefits that the new Hub would bring and the greatly needed
economic benefit that it would provide to our area when making your decision for Water
Quality Certification.
e
Yours truly,
B yd Grier
Human Resources Manager
CTCP
Tj-iEORR-GROV-P

Febr.uars: '' 2001
\.C_ Di-%L;an of W=- Quality
NoL Dischaime Bs-c?a
?tII; C«a? Karo4-
16-- 1 Mail ??r?ZCC Cz:
Raleigh- NC 276 - 621
To'.khom It. Matt Cmti--=
I az=; wri-t ng to ey r nv suppor o -ahe Fe-,-!Ex hub. It is m-v fi bzlief that the
nii• -Cion oa the ht` have a po-:-e e-on??ic benefit L. The Try
We have lc?-t thous=?s of tobacco aid temille jobs over, the pa.- cede. It is imper?ve
tbac the Triad tale-- advantage of opckatumides as we shift to a te---hnolo---% -based
ecotsomv. . The Few hub is ape eat evade and the ntnnbers are conrelling.
Tnit: BBHy. Fetes pi = to hire 750 wence s- mcrea_c=g its vve6 force to 1-500 people I-y
the rime it-s ope1 ? U CG ----%-nomi_sz Dr. Donald Jud predicts a positive 52.4
bilITSDn itr act over ---n -- ears. It would trialybe exceptions for our e:.owmv and , sN ould
belr comr,=;es r: that the Try is pry-uze m its re`ruitrner?t efa=_
Ple2se do not let the Nice of the vorml minority tm-dennine ve NkU bye a treinendoLas
woomic beu, ro:? cow;.-_
Sincerely
G. Cam. III
M,-miaoinv Directs -
LG?III??

Febru.---v 2' 2001
Ms. Cyndi IS=-?i i?v
Iv C Division of Water QF -
N on-Dischar--e Branch
1621 tiaiil S? -ic: Cep
Raleigh NC = -7699-162-1
Dear `is. _
I would like to empress import of the F--iE-x hub to be lo...:ae d in t?oe Pies Triad. T'
new rrid c posiz_ i F---` -x ,? 1z-,?-e hugh impact on t?e city of llli? Point, the
Piedmcmt Try and the e ofNord"a C---ohna- Their inves-tme:- in ou= Sze w? creme up
1_500 lobs arm a. predicred anmciO ate- of over 52-4 billion_ As you _--V wea realize, even
portion of this. affect wEil nmke a s ? ? enhancement for all of us.
Our business: has grows -.Er= a supply- of the cond-gsous Umned Sates to Car ad?- Soanh erica
and Europe- OM a less.^T s:. -- the bemefat of this location will be our eppora=iEv to better -e
our customer al over in-'a woel
I thank you fbr your c --lotion andi acceptance of my lamer n suppcn7z of tux Fix hub-
Sincerely, _
`?'tlliaa J. Di_sier
President - Seas Cow Di--ision
--. - = CX 7107 . -= S-.
3333 SILAS CREEK PARKWAY
WINSTON-SALEM, NC 27103
336 / 718.5000
www.novanthealth.org
February 12, 2001
NC Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Atten: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
6T cor-,k-l
NOVANT EALTH

'FEB 2 3 21?Ol
I understand that FedEx and the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority have applied to your division
to obtain a required water quality certification. This certification is necessary in order for
construction to proceed on the Mid-Atlantic Hub, and I am writing to encourage your division to
grant this certification.
The Mid-Atlantic hub's impact on the Triad's water quality will be minimal. I have confidence
that the project will be engineered and executed in such a way that it will be compatible within its
socioeconomic, cultural and natural environment. The team of professionals working on the hub
project is made up of competent individuals renown and well respected within their fields. They
will undoubtedly follow the state's guidelines, recommendations and regulations regarding the
hub's interaction with our water resources.
While the hub's impact on our water quality will be minimal, its economic ramifications will be
felt all across the Triad region. As our region's traditional job base of tobacco and textiles
continues to erode, FedEx will be the crucial catalyst that preserves our economic integrity.
FedEx will:
• Make an initial investment of $300 million in the hub project;
• Hire 750 workers initially, increasing to 1,500 by the time the hub is fully operational;
• Provide a generous compensation package and benefits to both part-time and full-time
employees; and
• Have a predicted impact of $2.4 billion over its first 10 years of operation, according to
UNCG economist Dr. Donald Jud.
Therefore, there is no doubt that the project will be environmentally safe and an economic
winner. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Paul Wiles
President and CEO
Novant Health, Inc.
Larry R. Brown, Mayor
TOWN OF KERNERSVILLE G l( c0/
Rand E. McCaslinjown Manager
- 134 East Mountain Street
P.O. Drawer 728 Telephone [phone]
Kernersville, NC 27285-0728 Fax [phone]
February 15, 2001 ;. —..
s FEB 2 32001
It cE Ai' $''ni)1.•?
N. C. Division of Water Quality

February 16, 2001
To: N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Coft-
'? r Is lJ ..:.?7 - ;
FEB 2 3 2001
This is a letter of support proposed FedEx hub locating adjacent to the Piedmont Triad
Airport in Greensboro, NC. I wish to emphasize the following points of interest:
- FedEx plans to hire about 750 workers initially, increasing to 1500 by the time
the hub is fully operational
- One third of these jobs will be full-time with an average salary of $34000. Part
time jobs carry the same generous benefits aasfull-time jobs.
- All projections predict the project to be a unprecedented economic boost for our
area.
- The triad has lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade and
we must generate new jobs for our citizens. FexEx will help fill that need.
Help the citizens of the Triad support the FedEx location in our area.
Sincerely,
way--
N C Division of Water Quality February 19, 2001
Non Discharge Branch
Attention Cyndi Karoly 'FEB 2 2?0?
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Gentlemen:
Since 1967 I have worked in the Town of Kemersville as the Owner and Manager of the
H & R Block income tax preparation office. I'have seen the dollars generated in our
Town when a new business comes to the area. Roadway Express and Pilot Freight
Carriers in the late 1960's. Varco Pruden, Deere-Hitachi, Grass America in the 1980's
and 1990's.
I have seen the dollars disappear when US Air transferred it's hub to Charlotte.
I have seen the decline in the textile industry through the closing of Adams Millis.
I have seen the decline in the number of farmers who are working the land. And
most recently, the closing of Guilford Mills will impact a large number of workers
in the Kemersville area.
I have lived all of my life just six miles from the end of the runway of the Piedmont
Triad Airport. The outer-marker Charlie is on our Family Farm. Of course, the
planes are noisy. But then, so are trucks. Of course, there is pollution from the
burning fuel. But then, so is the plume of black smoke trailing from the
Duke Power plant at Belews Creek.
FedEx will be a good corporate citizen and we must provide jobs for our people.
The world is becoming a smaller place as we explore both the internet and the air
space. Air transportation to deliver pharmaceuticals, flowers and food will generate
jobs in a variety of fields.
I support FedEx and welcome them to Kemersville, the Heart of the Piedmont Triad.
Sincerely,
Barbara J Bull
cc: Kemersville Chamber

6?7 copy
M c KI N N EY PLEASE ADDRESS REPLY TO:
DRILLING 1024 EAST MOUNTAIN STREET
KERNERSVILLE, NC 27284
COMPANY P.O. Box 1000 N
S, TEXAS 75963
9 TELEPHONE
992-23DO
3
) 5 0--1000
4 X # (3 6) 992
FA
2429
February 16, 2001
N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1621
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
Subject: FedEx Hub Triad
To Whom It May Concern:
This writing is in strong support for the locating of the Federal Express Hub in the
Triad of North Carolina and we ask your support in this matter.
The Triad has lost thousands of jobs in tobacco and textiles in the recent past
years and the FedEx Hub would restore 750, with plans of 1500, jobs with good salaries
and benefits for our working people.
According to the plans we have seen, FedEx will make an initial investment of
approximately $300 million and as per Dr. Donald Jud, an economist at UNCG, predicts
an impact of $106.6 million per year which would amount to $2.4billion over 10 years of
operation. Our area needs this economic boost.
FedEx would abide by the rules and regulations and would make us proud. We
will be happy to have FedEx as neighbors.
Again, we solicit your support in this matter.
Sincerely,
McKinney Drilling Company
Ronnie W. Sisk
District Manager
ATLANTA, GA. MEMPHIS, TENN. WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. LOUISVILLE, KY. PITTSBURGH, PA.
PHILADELPHIA, PA. WASHINGTON, D.C. CLEVELAND, OHIO BUFFALO, N.Y. CHARLESTON, W.VA.
y
February 16, 2001 =
To: N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
This is a letter of support proposed FedEx hub locating adjacent to the Piedmont Triad
Airport in Greensboro, NC. I wish to emphasize the following points of interest:
- FedEx plans to hire about 750 workers initially, increasing to 1500 by the time
the hub is fully.operational
- One third of these jobs will be full-time with an average salary of $34000. Part
time jobs carry the same generous benefits aasfull-time jobs.
- All projections predict the project to be a unprecedented economic boost for our
area.
- The triad has lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade and
we must generate new jobs for our citizens. FexEx will help fill that need.
Help the citizens of the Triad support the FedEx location in our area.
Sincerely,
T. Gilbert Pearson Audubon Society
CHAPTER OF NATIONALAUDtIBC?N EpCIE
i L" U c If .
POST OFFICE BOX I?GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27409
Q!
FEB 1620
February 14, 2001
Cyndi Karoli
North Carolina division of Water Quality
Nondischarge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoli:

The Board of the T. Gilbert Pearson Audubon Society wishes to express its concerns
about the degradation of water quality which will arise from locating the FedEx hub at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport. Part of the headwaters of the City of
Greensboro's reservoir system originate in the area around the airport. Construction
of a third runway and a building for FedEx will destroy 23 acres of wetlands and about
three miles of stream. Wetlands are natural, effective filtration systems which clean
water on its way to a stream, river, or lake. In this case, these wetlands filter waters
entering Lakes Higgins and Brandt, two of Greensboro's three drinking water
.reservoirs. We are aware that mitigation will occur for these 23 acres. However, we
also are aware that mitigation may be proposed in a place far away, even in a different
watershed or river basin. Our position is that mitigation must occur within the Reedy
Fork watershed to protect the Greensboro watershed and prevent harm from the
increased polluted runoff from the airport.
Furthermore, since man-made mitigation systems are not as effective as natural
systems that have been around for many years, we feel that the mitigation ratio must
be much higher than 1:1. Experience has demonstrated that man-made mitigation
systems take years to work properly so a ratio as high as 5:1 may be needed.
Lastly, we are concerned about future industrial warehousing and other businesses
that will locate near the FedEx facility. We strongly urge planning now for such an
event by strengthening watershed ordinances. These ordinances must be
strengthened before new construction and associated problems occur.
Thank you for your attention to these concerns.
Sincerely,
Sue Cole, President
T. Gilbert Pearson Audubon Society
AMERICANS COMMITTED TO CONSERVATION
2-13-01
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
Dear Ms. Karoly
4
u. FEB 1 6 2001

Please support the FedEx hub that is being proposed for the Triad. As a local business
owner as well as resident, I feel the positive aspects of the FedEx hub far outweigh the
negatives. We must find a way to fuel growth and lay a foundation for our future
economy.
The local investment of $300 million will benefit everyone in the Triad. Initially, it will
bring 750 jobs to this area increasing to 1,500 jobs once fully operational. Not only will
this help these 750 to 1500 people but it will help every other worker in this area by
increasing the demand for labor. In turn, this puts pressure on wages and will raise wages
for all the other local workers. Our children will certainly benefit from this huge influx
of good jobs and increasing wages.
The positive impact also goes way beyond the visible benefits. Several professors have
predicted the economic benefit over 10 years to be in the neighborhood of $2.5 billion.
This means the thousands of tobacco and textile jobs lost over the last decade and the
thousands that will be lost tomorrow will be replaced. FedEx and the other businesses
that will follow FedEx here will help fill those needs.
We simply can not allow an opportunity like this one pass us by. We can't afford to shut
out growth and continue to lose our young workers. Our young people are moving to
Charlotte, Raleigh, and other cities because we can't offer the same opportunities. We
are loosing too many jobs and the wages aren't as good as in these cities. We must fuel
growth and make the Triad an area that can hold on to our young people.
Otherwise, we run the risk of every other city and town that is losing it's core jobs.
Those risks include depressed wages and rising unemployment which in turn fuel crime,
lower home values, etc. We must fuel growth and lay the foundation for tomorrow's
economy because our old economy businesses are deteriorating. Whichever way we
choose will have a snowball effect. Either we will fuel growth with the FedEx hub and
the many'spin off businesses, or we will continue to fall behind. At some point we'll be
too far behind and we can't let that happen.
I hope you take these considerations into account when you weigh the positives and
negatives. The Triad is at a turning point and we can go either forward or fall back. The
Triad's young people and the whole community need you to make the right decision and
lay the foundation for a brighter future. Thanks for your time.

rAi7voAfM
TRIAD MACK SALES & SERVICE, INC.
NC Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
February 14, 2001
Dear Mrs. Karoly,
F, "Y
J ti FEB 1 6 2001
a
WETLkZS_ GROUP
WATER HfilLiTY S;C l0?
I want to express my full support for the expansion of Piedmont Triad Airport for the proposed Fed Ex
hub. This project would provide a tremendous economic benefit to the entire Triad area. Economists
familiar with the project and with this area have predicted that the hub would have positive economic
impact in the hundreds of millions of dollars per year. It would be a terrible shame if the concerns of
small but vocal groups are allowed to undermine the interests of the public. We simply cannot afford to
overlook the blatantly obvious positives that this project would bring to the region.
Sincerely,
???e.iuv?nd 4 e?.
James E. Bland Jr.
Director of Operations
8808 Midway West Road P.O. Box 446 2870 Nathan Street
Raleigh, NC 27613-4609 Kernersville, NC 27285-0446 Newton, NC 28658-9586
[phone] [phone] [phone]
February 13, 2001
RE: FedEx Hub
To Whom It May Concern:
We would like to express our support for the construction of the FedEx hub. Why should we turn down an
opportunity for economic growth of North Carolina? With the recent decline in the tobacco industry, North
Carolina would deeply benefit from what FedEx would bring to the Triad. The new hub will generate jobs
and money for our state. A well-respected company wants to make a $300 million dollar investment, why
should we turn it down?
Sincerely,
Jurney Construction Company Inc.

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February `11, 2001:.
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
Non-Discharge Branch
NC Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
I am writing this letter in opposition to the proposed FED-EX hub in Greensboro, NC
because of our dependency on three small local lakes for drinking water.
As you may know, Greensboro's primary source of water is from stream-fed Lakes
Higgins, Brandt and Townsend. Unfortunately, we do not have a large Over flowing
through our community, so we have no alternative but to be very protective of our
existing scarce resources captured in these three basins. Since Lake Higgins feeds
directly into Lake Brandt, contamination occurring in this lake obviously threatens the
water quality of both lakes.
The proposed FED-EX facility will have an enormous long-term impact on the health
and well being of my community, and I feel threatened by its hugeness. I expect that
the proponents of this hub will argue that they will somehow "ensure" that potential
contamination problems will be eliminated, but please do not allow their rhetoric affect
your common sense and good judgement.
I strongly urge you to deny the issuance of Permit 401 to the Airport Authority due to
water quality concerns caused by excessive runoff of contaminants and residues
associated with this massive project.
iam H. Edwards -
5100 Millstaff Drive
Oak Ridge, NC 27310
Is c

N.C. Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
108 Bridlewood Avenue
High Point, NC. 27265
EB 13 2Nbruary 8, 2001
Re: IMPACT OF FEDEX/PIEDMONT TRIAD AIRPORT AUTHORITY PLANS:
Sirs:
We write this letter out of a deep concern for the impact of FEDEXIPTIA's plan to build a third runway
upon the natural wetland areas and upon High Point City Lake and its tributaries which will be adversely
affected by such a move. We attended the scheduled hearing but it was quickly and unreasonably halted.
The destruction of the wetlands involved to build a runway will be extremely damaging as it will destroy
that areas ability to recycle nutrients, purify water, and provide breeding grounds for the natural habitation
of plant and animal life.
We recognize that the authority has indicated it will replace these wetlands on a better than 1 to 1 ration,
but We cannot believe that destruction of these wetlands, in their natural setting, will ever be replaced by
the authority or anyone else.
We are also concerned about the water which citizens of High Point, and, in dry times, citizens of
Greensboro drink, water which comes from High Point City Lake and its tributaries. This water will suffer
pollution from the additional flights (heavy laden large planes) issuing pollutants which fall into those
tributaries and, consequently, make their way into the lake, and from there onto our tables.
We encourage you to look not only at the initial damage to our wetlands and water supply, but to look
seriously at what this will mean to the health of our area citizens in the years to come and refuse to support
this destruction of our natural resources.
We would also call your attention to an article which appeared in the Thursday, February 1 issue of the
High Point Enterprise, (High Point, NC), entitled "Environmentalist say N. C. has some of the dirtiest air."
What is in the air eventually finds its way into our water supply. It would seem to me we already have a
serious health problem. The destruction of natural wetlands to accommodate greater air and water
pollution is to invite increased illness and lack of productivity on the part of the current population of
Southwest Greensboro and North High Point, specifically, as well as all whose water comes from High
Point City Lake. We sincerely ask that you not support this proposal.
Wig cere Concern,
Q uren
Ann M. Juren
Region news
environmentalists say N.C.
has some of the dirtiest air
CHARLOTTE (AP) - North Car-
olina had the seventh-highest num-
ber of days with unhealthy air in the
country last year, according to two
environmental groups.
Levels of ozone, the main ingre-
dient in smog, exceeded the N.C.
ozone standard somewhere in the
state on 35 days in 2000, said the
N.C. Public Interest Research
Group and the Clean Air Network.
"Smog is causing a public health
crisis, triggering 240,000 asthma at-
tacks across the state," said N.C.
PIRG advocate Elizabeth Ouzts.
As expected, several of the state's
urban counties had the highest smog
levels. Wake, Mecklenburg and
Forsyth counties combined for al-
most 40 percent of the above-stan-
dard readings.
Ozone is formed when nitrogen
oxide from vehicle exhaust and
coal-fired power plants is warmed
by the sun. It then combines with
other pollutants to make smog.
California had by far the most
smoggy days, with 126. The other
top states included Texas, Georgia,
Tennessee, Louisiana, Florida, Al-
abama and Arizona.
By another standard, which is
based on each day's highest eight
hours of ozone levels, North Caroli-
na ranked third-highest in the coun-
try. The state's readings exceeded
that standard 267 times last year, ac-
cording to the groups.
VV
ha Cabin Consultin
.............n-to-Earth Approach to yip Complex Problems
February 7, 2001
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
1 3 ????
Non-Discharge Branch FEB
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly,
I am writing-to you to express my concerns about disturbing or destroying the precious
watershed land in Greensboro, North Carolina to build a third runway for the proposed
Fedex hub.
I moved to Greensboro in August of 1997. I quickly learned that three lakes just north of
the city supply all of our water. These lakes are replenished primarily by rainfalL The
following summer (1998), we experienced a prolonged drought. By August, our lakes
were half M. The city began reporting each day how many days of water we had left.
At one point, we had about 5 weeks of water left for the entire city. Had we not received
ram, we would have faced an evacuation. City planners were actually drafting a plan for
evacuating the city and this plan was being.printed in the daily newspaper. Fortunately,
nature cooperated and we received sufficient rains in September to avert a disaster.
In the three years since, we have experienced tremendous growth in this city with no
alternative water sources to supplement our scarce supply. Another dry summer could
put us in the same position or worse. In spite of all of this, the city is petitioning your
organization to allow them to destroy 23 acres of watershed land around the airport. This
would also necessitate destroying several streams, which feed our lakes. I am writing to
implore you and your agency to give this situation considerable thought. There are many
citizens in this city who are very concerned about the quality and quantity of our water
supply. Given our precarious situation, I don't believe that we should be tampering with
anything that could negatively impact this supply.
an.,
Therefore, please count this letter among those that are strongly AGAINST destroying
this land to build a third runway. This city has had three years to address this water
shortage and has still not made any significant progress in spite of rampant new
development. Thank you for reading this letter and please give careful thought to it's
content.
S' *.o
AAd

Honest As sment Four Heathrow Court
Straightforward Feedback .. Greensboro, North Carolina 27410
336.545.7721 phone [phone] fax
Collaborative Solutions [e-mail]

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January 30, 2001

NC Division of Water Quality FEB 72001
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
Aon Risk Services
Please grant FedEx and the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority the required Water Quality
Certification. This certification is vital for the FedEx hub and the FedEx hub is vital for our
community because of the following reasons:
• FedEx will make an additional investment of $300,000,000 in the Triad.
• FedEx plans to hire about 750 workers initially, increasing to 1500 by the time the hub is
fully operational.
• One-third of these jobs will be full-time with an average salary of $34,000. Part-time jobs
carry the same generous benefits as full-time jobs.
• UNCG economist Dr. Donald Jud predicts a 2.4 billion dollar impact over 10 years of
operation or $106.6 million dollars per year. If we realize even half the economic benefit
that Jud predicts, the project will still mean an unprecedented economic boost for our area.
• The Triad has lost thousands of tobacco and textiles jobs over the past decade, and we must
generate new jobs for our citizens. The FedEx hub will help fill that need.
Our area needs to grow in order for us to improve the lifestyle of everyone in our community.
The FedEx hub will help us grow and it will improve the lifestyle of many in our community.
Thank you very much for your consideration. Please call me if
You have any questions.
Sincerely yours,
Robert P. Whaling, Jr., JD, C
Managing Director
Cc: Kelly Bright
RPW/pt
Aon Rick Services
1100 Reynolds Blvd. (27105) • P.O. Box 88 (27102-0088) • Winston-Salem, North Carolina
tel: [phone] • fax: [phone]
DaraIMK
Providing Information and BusinesFEB 5 20ni

February 1, 2001
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Subject: Proposed FedEx Hub at the Pizdmcnt Triad Airport
Dear Ms. Karoly:
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on this important subject. My remarks are offered
from my perspective as the CEO of a small business in Forsyth County and in my capacity as
President of the Winston-Salem Merchants Association, a trade organization representing 1,500
retail and professional members mostly in Forsyth County.
Corporate buyouts and the legal assault on the tobacco industry have taken a toll on Forsyth
County. Job losses have slowed our growth rate. According to census bureau estimates the
population growth rate for the county has been significantly lower over the last decade than the
rate experienced by other metropolitan areas in the state. In 1999 Forsyth County's population
grew 0.4% compared to nearly 3% for Wake and Mecklanberg counties.
Our slower growth rate is also reflected in retail sales. Since 1993 our annual increase has
averaged 5.8% compared to 13.3% and 11.3% for Wake and Mecklanberg counties respectively.
In 1999 Forsyth County retail sales actually declined while Wake and Mecklanberg continued
showing healthy increases. Bottom line, we need the Federal Express jobs to attract and keep
people and enable commerce.
Not only will the FedEx Hub provide hundreds of new good paying jobs but the ripple effect is
expected to be significant. UNC-G Economist Dr. Donald Jud predicts a $2.4 billion impact on
our area economy over a 10-year period. Firms that depend on overnight shipping will find it
advantageous to relocate facilities to this region thereby creating additional jobs. This is
precisely what happened when FedEx opened its Hubs in Fort Worth and Indianapolis. More
jobs with FedEx and other firms mean more people and more customers for Winston-Salem
merchants.
As a small businessman I will also see benefits from the new jobs to be created. There is clearly
a direct correlation between the health of the local economy and the ability of my firm to sell its
services.
DataMax Corporation Operating Divisions: Interstate Credit Collections
Travel Solutions • Member Services Division
PO Box 3136 • Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27102 • [phone]
http://www.datamax.com

Ms. Karoly
February 1, 2001
Page 2
Our region has lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the last decade. The FedEx Hub
will provide a sorely needed catalyst of economic grov.7th.
Thank you very much for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Thomas J. Blair
President & CEO, DataMax Corporation
President, Winston-Salem Merchants Association
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3617 Cherry Hill Drive
Greensboro, North Carolina 27410
Telephone: [phone]
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QUALITY OIL COMPANY
POST OFFICE BOX 9736
WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA
27102
J. KIRK GLENN, JR.
January 29, 2001
Fig ti 7ov
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly,
I support the FedEx Hub at the Piedmont Triad Airport. FedEx
will initially invest $300 million and hire 750 employees. Our region
desperately needs the jobs and investment, as job and wage growth has
not compared favorably to the rest of North Carolina.
The Regional Technology Strategies, Inc. economic impact
study validates the beneficial effect FedEx will have on the Triad. We
have documentation of underemployment as our traditional well-
paying manufacturing industries continue to reduce employment. The
stimulus for economic development will assist in attracting businesses
that have bypassed the Triad in the past.
I request the N.C. Division of Water Quality issue the required
Water Quality Certification.
Sincerely,
J. Kirk Glenn, Jr.
JKGjr/bf
Shelco, Inc.
GENERAL CONTRACTORS
January 29, 2001
FEB 12001

N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
I would like you to know that Shelco, Inc. and our employees unanimously support the
initiative of the planned FedEx hub at the PTI Airport.
The initial investment of $300 million and 750 jobs is badly needed in this area that has
lost thousands of textile and tobacco jobs during most recent times. The job pay and
benefits for these full time workers and many part-time employees is very attractive. The
overall projected financial impact of $2.4 billion is a vital need for this economy.
Please convey our interest as you proceed with certification.
Yours truly,
SHELCO, IN
Charles J. Palmer, III
Vice President
Marketing & Business Development
CJP:jmf
P.O. Box 25747 Winston-Salem, NC 27114-5747 [phone]/Fax [phone]' :i
? ? Charlotte, NC ? ? Raleigh, NC ? ? Greenville,SC
`.'q 1VT)I
WOMBLE Pr
CARLYLE
SANDRIDGE
& RICE
A PROFESSIONAL LIMITED
LIABILITY COMPANY
200 West Second Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Mailing Address:
Post Office Drawer 84
Winston-Salem, NC 27102
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Web site: www.wcsr.com
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
January 29, 2001
Murray C. Greason, Jr.
Direct Dial: [phone]
Direct Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
1 JAN 3 12001
Re: Federal Express Hub at Piedmont Triad International Airport
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter is intended to support and vote for the FedEx Hub. It is my
understanding that no material water quality problems will be created by the construction and
operation of the FedEx Hub. There are, of course, many benefits which will flow to the
Winston-Salem, Greensboro, High Point area as the FedEx Hub is completed and begins to
operate at PTI and I am sure you will receive many communications about dollars invested, jobs
created and a billion dollar economic impact.
Rather than repeat what I know you will hear many times, I choose to highlight a
benefit which may be less than obvious - the creation of a substantial number of part-time jobs
which will pay well and carry the same generous benefits as a full-time FedEx job. I have been
substantially involved as a volunteer with Wake Forest University for many years and one of our
constant struggles is an attempt to make it possible for "middle class" boys and girls to attend
Wake Forest. It is obvious to me that over the years the availability of hundreds of good
part-time jobs at FedEx should make it possible for hundreds of deserving people to make ends
meet while obtaining a first rate education at Wake Forest (or at Salem College, Winston-Salem
State or the North Carolina School of the Arts for that matter).
Thank you very much for taking this letter of support into account.
Cordially,
Jr.
MCGJr:bps
WINSTON #953922 v 1
ATLANTA / GR-EENVILLE, SC / CHARLOTTE / WINSTON-SALEM / RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK / RALEIGH / WASHINGTON. DC
Cy po e
Clayton B. Smith
1105 Maplewood Avenue
High Point, North Carolina 27265
[phone]
January 28, 2001
Mr. Jim Mulligan
c/o Cyndi Karoly, N. C. Division of Water Quality
Water Quality Laboratory
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699

JAN ? 0 20Q

RE: Water Certification for FedEx Cargo Hub, Piedmont Intl. Airport.
Dear Sir:
The Federal Express air cargo hub project at the Piedmont Triad International
Airport offers the Triad community a valuable opportunity to improve the
management and conservation of its water and wetland resources. It will bring
the technical and financial resources needed to a project which, because of its
large scope, will have a meaningful benefit It offers a net gain for our
community's water resources.
Contrast that to the random often undercapitalized patchwork development of
retail and residential developments.
The Federal Express air cargo hub project has my support.
Sincerely,
Dear Ms. Karoly:
I will be brief in my reasons for supporting the proposed Fed Ex hub at PTIA.
Environmental: (1) Fed Ex will have less than one half the number of flights Continental
Airlines had when their hub was located here. During that time there were
no neighborhood complaints or environmental concerns raised.
(2) Fed Ex will have less than one third of the truck traffic of the U. S.
Postal Service at Wendover Avenue. - -
Economic Development:
(1) Fed Ex will employ over. 1500 full time and part-time workers at or
above the state's average salary plus all workers get very generous
benefits. I am employed full-time now but will, also apply for a part-time
position at Fed Ex for night and/or weekends so I can take advantage of
those benefits.
(2) Every county in the Piedmont Triad will benefit directly or indirectly
from this project. It is already occurring. Companies have located here
and hired workers in anticipation of Fed Ex.
Fed Ex and to a greater extent, the companies that will locate in the region, due to Fed Ex, hold
the key to continued prosperity for the Piedmont Triad region and North Carolina. " I want my
children to return to the Triad after college to work and raise my grandchildren.
Please consider the economic impact of this location and help us secure this project.
Respectfully,
A. WA S,
C.
Crai M.' Goodson
Director of Client Services
120 Club Oaks Court • Winston-Salem, NC 27104 [phone] • Fax [phone]
Charlotte [phone] Greensboro [phone]
ri
- - - WINSTON-SALEM BUStNES.S- INC.
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JAN 3 0 2ool
January 29, 2001
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
I am writing in support of the proposed FedEx Hub at the Piedmont Triad International
Airport. As president of the economic development agency for Winston-Salem and Forsyth
County, I can not think of a project that will be more important to the long-term future of our
region.
The Piedmont Triad area has suffered numerous lay offs and closings in our traditional
industries, furniture, textiles and tobacco. The jobs that have been lost are high wage and good
benefit jobs. FedEx and the companies that follow will help to replace those lost jobs.
Thank you for your support of this important economic development project. The location of
this new company at the Piedmont Triad International Airport will benefit North Carolinian's
for years to come.
Sincerely,

Robert E. Leak, Jr.
President
6oi West Fourth Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
336.723.8955 800.220.WSSI fax:336.761.io6g http://www.winstonsalem.com
c1flC4
FRANK L. BLUM CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
PO BOX 4153 - 271 15-4153 • 830 25TH STREET N.E. - 27105
WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone] -
January 26, 2001
N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 7699-1621
Attn: Ms. Cyndi Karoly
Dear Ms. Karoly:
JAP,!
I am writing in support of the proposed FedEx hub at the Triad Airport in Greensboro.
The economy of our region continues to shift from our traditional base of tobacco and textiles
and this hub is vital to the future economic vitality of our region.
Please do not let a few people stand in the way of progress that will bring replacement jobs to
our entire region.
Yours truly,
FRANK L. BLUM CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
e s Hancock
GGB • SALEM GROUP
Central Carolina Bank
?a?
January 26, 2001
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
JAN 2 9 2001
The purpose of this letter is to express my support of the proposed FedEx Hub at the
Piedmont Triad Airport Authority located in Greensboro, North Carolina. Please find
listed below some of the reasons this is important to myself and to the long-term success
of our business.
• FedEx will make an initial investment of $300 million in its new Mid-Atlantic
Hub in the Triad.
• FedEx plans to hire about 750 workers initially, increasing to 1,500 by the
time the hub is fully operational.
• One third of these jobs will be full time with an average salary of $34,000.
Part-time jobs carry the same generous benefits as full time jobs.
• UNCG economist Dr. Donald Jud predicts a $2.4 billion impact over 10 years
of operation, or $106.6 million per year. If we realize even half the economic
impact that Jud predicts, the project will still mean an unprecedented
economic boost for our area.
• The Triad has lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade,
and we must generate new jobs for our citizens. FedEx will help fill that need.
I appreciate the opportunity to voice my opinion on this issue.
2140 Country Club Road • P.O. Box 5376 • Winston-Salem, NC 27113 • 336/777-1400
THE COMPASS GROUP, LLC
Real Estate Development
January 22, 2001
N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 276999-1621
Re: Fed Ex Water Quality Certification
Dear Ms. Karoly:

JAN 2 9 200
I have recently relocated to Winston-Salem, NC to work for a regional real estate development
firm. My sole reason for being here is to prepare our firm to develop business parks in the
Piedmont Triad region for the ancillary businesses that are and will be locating in this area
because of Fed Ex.
We anticipate capital investments of more than one half billion dollars in our business parks
alone over the next five to seven years. It will also result in thousands of new jobs in the area.
If Fed Ex doesn't win the regulatory approvals necessary for it to locate here, I predict it will
result in a quick and protracted recessionary period for the Piedmont Triad.
The hopes and dreams of a vibrant Piedmont Triad region rest in the regulatory hands.
Sincerely,
OMPAS?UP C
r
Tim Leadbetter
Managing Partner
120 Club Oaks Court • Winston-Salem, NC 27104 • [phone] • FAX [phone]
JAN 2 9 200!
NC Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
To Whom It May Concern:
As Chairman of Graham & Boles Properties, a residential real estate company, I
am writing to encourage the NC Division of Water Quality to issue the necessary
certification for the proposed Federal Express hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport.
In the last eleven years, our area of the state has lost thousands of jobs in the
tobacco, textile, and furniture Industries. It is, therefore, essential that we make
every effort to recruit new industries to the Piedmont Triad area. It is, also, my
understanding that Federal Express is a fine corporate citizen at their other
locations plus being a highly respected employer. We are privileged to have a
company of this caliber interested in opening a new hub in our area. We believe
that it is essential for North Carolina, the Piedmont Triad area as well as Guilford
and Forsyth Counties make every effort to insure that Federal Express be
approved to build their new hub at the Piedmont International Triad Airport.
Thank you for your consideration in this matter.
Sincerely,
Emma Graham, Chairman
Graham & Boles Properties
2626 Club Park Road
Winston-Salem, NC 27104
January 26, 2001
JAN 2 92001 _ •
WINSTON-SALEM
P.O. Box 3099
100 North Main Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27150
336.732.5473
_ fax 336.732.E--
772
January 24,-2001 -
NC Division, of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch ;
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Zaieigh?, NC 27599-1621 -
Dear Ms. Karoly: - ,
I am writing in support of the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority's application for a Water Quality
Certification pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act.
The mitigation of any potential impacts to. wetlands and streams will more than adequately
address such impacts. Moreover, the importance of the project to the Triad, and to Winston-
Salem specifically, cannot be understated.
The initial investment of $300 million and downstream impact of $2;4 billion over ten (10) Years
will mean an unprecedented and needed economic boost for our area. _
Your positive consideration of the AirportAuthority's application will be greatly appreciated.
Si cerely, v
Allen Joine
President
AJ:bd.
WINSTON-SALEM REGIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS°R, INC. 121
_ EMAL HOI
REALTOR® OPPORT-TY
-? n vg i
MEMBER NORTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS 195 EXECUTIVE PARK BOULEVARD [phone]
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA 27103 FAX [phone]
January 23, 2001
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly,
In 1998, the Board of Directors of the Winston-Salem Regional Association of REALTORS,
representing the interests of 1,800 REALTORS@ and Home Builders in Forsyth, Davie,
Davidson and Stokes Counties, adopted a position in support of the location of the proposed
Federal Express Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport. We believe the
location of this facility in the Triad would revitalize the economy of our area, which has suffered
the loss of many tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade. Though this facility would hire
approximately 750 employees initially, over time employment at this facility is expected to reach
1,500 employees. Additionally, other spin-off industries would be attracted to the region,
providing even more jobs.
Federal Express has an excellent reputation and is consistently ranked one of the nation's top
employers. The company has a track record of hiring and promoting minorities, paying
competitive salaries.. and providing full benefits to both full- and part-time workers. Many of the
new jobs generated by the location of the Federal Express Hub in the Triad would be well-paying
full-time jobs. The location of this facility is important to the economy of the Triad and of the
region. We urge you to consider this as you deliberate regarding the costs and benefits of this
proposed project.
Sincerely,
Robert Sanders
Association President (1998-1999)
_____-__ .??...? ?. ?.....?? nn?nl-nT?i •. ..?. /1 r--f•.IT n1E •?n 1?.? ¦.111 TIP11 r 1 InTl.l n, nr-n?P???
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Water Resources Features Alternative Feature
Water Supply Waterzneda Area of Disturbance
WS-Ill NSW ? Phase 1
WS-IV
Phase 2
Groundwater Recharge/Discharge
Hydrologic Units (Sub-Basins) General Features
? Generalized Study Area
i Upper Haw River Sub-Basin(03-06-01)
Reedy Fork Sub-Basin(03-06-02) A/ Streams N
East and West Fork Deep River Sub-Basin(03-06-08) O Lakes
Drainage Sub-Basin Boundary Within Study Area Roads
.'...**Watershed Critical Area 0 5000 F",
-? Flow Direction Sat :?•?

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"Ill/(?
GAy Cheney, 6209 Bards lane, Brown Summit
Members of the Airport Authority and Water Quality Board:
I speak to you not as a scientist nor engineer but as an artist and
deep ecologist which means that I am one of many who sense the
deep connection we have with the Earth and all other beings who
inhabit it. I have a great sense of responsibility for protecting the
Earth, the air and the waters of the Earth, this area in particular.
Many of us consider it especially presumptuous, indeed arrogant, of
humans to feel that they have a right and the ability to harness the
sea, redirect the rivers and recreate creeks and watersheds, in
essence to replace God.
When I lived in Florida 20 years ago, the Army Corps of Engineers
decided to build a bridge spanning the distance between 2 islands in
the Florida Keyes. The locals laughed uproariously knowing that it
was ridiculous, that one can't predict let alone control, the behavior of
the sea. The Engineers went ahead anyway and built the bridge and
two years later, one end of it was a half a mile in on one island while
the other end dangled precariously out over the water, the locals
waiting for its complete collapse.
Here in North Carolina, Emerald Isle, a few weeks after the
devastation of Hurricane Floyd, 300 beachfront homeowners spent
$500 - $1000 apiece having bulldozers push sand from the ocean
back up in front of their homes, making artificial dunes. Having lived
on the shore all my life, I laughed once again at the idea that this
would control the ocean, keep it from harming the houses unwisely
built right on the edge of the sea. After the first north easter of the
winter, the sand was right back down in the ocean where it had been
before the bulldozing. Because the ocean does as it likes with its
sand and its dunes, as well as with the houses built on its edges.
Several years ago, after the Mississippi flooded its banks and many
homes were destroyed, property carried away, the people met to
talk about rebuilding and what they would do to contain the river, to
keep it from flooding its banks once again. And they were serious!
Others wisely decided to rebuild back away from its power and
potential presence in their living rooms.
So now here we are in Greensboro, proposing to redesign the
creeks and watershed which serve the reservoirs which provide water
for the people of Guilford County. It is said that we've already built
Brassfield and the UNCG School of Music on creeks so why not.

The Eastgate shopping center in Chapel Hill was also built on a
creek. A huge parking lot paved over the waters, and many
restaurants, stores and other buildings were constructed. But
waters are not so easily stamped out nor diverted. Every year there
is a major flood in that shopping center, water a foot deep closing
down businesses and causing extensive and expensive damage.
The FoodLion and other stores have been forced to move out. My
friend the artist, had ten paintings stored in the Summerhill Gallery
destroyed by water. So what's the real cost of doing this? Can you
really predict and promise that it will do no harm to the waters, to the
people of Guilford County?
And deep in our hearts, do we really think it's moral and ethical to
redesign God's creation, rerpute,the Lord's work? In our most
imagined.powerful moments, ''inre even believe that one day we'll be
able to make it rain, keep the hurricanes and tornados from
happening, and short circuit the earthquakes and volcanoes before
they erupt. Who are we kidding? The word "dominion" in its original
meaning is a synonym for "caretaking". Having "dominion over the
earth" doesn't mean that we can take it, destroy it, use it for our own
greedy purposes, but that we all are caretakers of it: That we take
care of the oceans, the rivers, the brooks, the water sheds. We don't
destroy or reroute them.
I can only ask that those who want to do this develop respect for the
Earth and all of us who inhabit it. You can't really believe that the
rest of us don't care about oceans and rivers, about brooks and
creeks, and all the critters whose lives depend on them, including our
own.
Finally, I ask the Water Quality Board if you really believe it is morally
and ethically correct to put these waters and these lives at risk?
Surely your job must be to protect both. I ask you not to allow this
travesty to occur in Guilford County, to its waters, to its people.
Thank you.
?e? G cl ?? NPl/'"7
J
Good evening;
My name is Wayne Quigley, and I live in High Point.
One thing about this whole FedEx project that never quite set right
with me was why did they want to spend millions of dollars to build a
third runway to accommodate FedEx when the existing runways are
only operating at around 28% of their capacity, and there are almost
zero flights on them during the same time frame that FedEx would be
needing them for their flights. I believe I have found the answer.
On January 16th, FedEx announced they were purchasing ten of the
new Airbus A-3 80 aircraft, configured for freight usage. According to
the news release in the High Point Enterprise, these planes would not be
delivered until 2008, or three years after the scheduled opening of the
new runway and hub.
According to the Airbus web site, these planes require an 11,000
foot runway to take off and land. The proposed runway is only 9,000
feet long. At first I dismissed the plane as ever coming here due to the
difference in runway size, but then I took another look at the maps for
the airport, and the proposed runway. If you examine the maps, you
will see for yourselves that expanding the existing runways to
accommodate these planes would be difficult, but expanding the
proposed runway once it has been built could more easily be done.
Now, as to the question why they would want to do it this way, I
believe the answer is simple: The board members at PTIA would have
an easier time of pushing a twenty-two percent expansion of a 9,000
foot runway after it has been built than they would have of getting
approval of an 11,000 foot runway to begin with.
Now, why would they want to fly the plane out of here? Simple:
money. On the US to Paris trip depicted in the picture I handed out,
flying from Greensboro to Paris vice Memphis to Paris would result in a
decrease of about 10% in distance and cost to FedEx. What company
wouldn't want to cut it's costs by ten percent or more?
I believe this is the true reason they want to build a third runway. I
ask you to look at this project not as a 9,000 foot long runway being the
final length, but look at it with the idea that the runway will be one day
expanded to 11,000 or more feet long. Further, I ask that if you do give
this project the ok to go ahead, that you put a permanent freeze on
expanding the runway past the planned 9,000 feet.
Also consider that this airplane requires a longer take off and
approach distance, which will push the noise contours out much further
than the estimated 5 to six miles the airport authority would have us
believe.
In addition, using the information contained in the pictures, when
FedEx reaches it's proposed 63 flights a night, you will see that it will
take up to 416 trucks* each and every night going into and out of this
area. I believe the increase in truck traffic should also be considered in
the water quality study.
*63 flights x 33 containers per flight = 2079 containers.
2079 containers divided by 5 containers per truck = 415.8 trucks per night. This figure could go
up if you consider that the Airbus A380 holds 66 containers.
If you figure the movements of the trucks on a 24 hour clock, you see that one truck will have to
enter or leave the facility each 13/4 minutes (figure a round trip for each truck). Since these
trucks will be running mainly between 10:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m., that will be an average of one
truck every thirty seconds. Welcome to Piedmont International Truck Stop.
Wayne Quigley
PO Box 1165
High Point, NC 27261
www.BoycottFedEx.com
wcCtc)
f
Near
Our Products/A380-100F Specifications
http://airbus.com/products/A380-100F_specif. asp
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Technical details
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SPAN 79.8 m / 261ft loin
LENGTH 73 m 239ft 6in
HEIGHT 24.1 m / 79ft tin
UPPER DECK 17 corner cut pallets ( 96x125x82 )
MAIN DECK 28 M1 pallets ( 96x125x96 )
LOWER DECK 36 LD3s or 12 pallets ( 96x125x64 )+2
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MTOW 583 t / 1,285,000 Ibs
MLW 427 t / 941,000 Ibs
MZFW 399 t / 879,000 Ibs
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MAX PAYLOAD 150 t / 331,000 Ibs
FUEL CAPACITY 325 000 1/ 85,900 USGal
ENGINE THRUST (sist) 333 kN / 75,000 Ibs
Take-Off Field Length* <11,000 ft ( 3,350 m )
Max Range Cruise MO.85, flexibility to MO.87 / MO.88
VMO / MMO 340 kts / MO.89
Initial Cruise Altitude FL330
Time & Distance to ICA 30 min & 200 NM
Max Altitude Capability FL430
Approach Speed <150 kts CAS
*MTOW, sea level, ISA+15
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I of 1 01/28/200103:51 PM
Gerald H. Long *LA - JAN '2 6 2001
Chairman REYNOLDS, -
GARDEN SHOWCASE" -
January 25, 2001 -
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attention: Cyndi Karoly' .
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly: ,
I am most supportive of the FedEx hub program at the Piedmont International Airport.
Several years ago, I retired as Chairman and CEO of R. J. Reynolds. At that time, we employed about 17,000
workers. Now, the figure is about 6,250.
Additionally, during that time, our Triad area has lost about 7,000 jobs in textiles, furniture; and distribution. In
recent months; we have also lost over 500 jobs in the finance category. We are working diligently to re-invent
ourselves and successfully build a new community.
We need the FedEx hub to aid in propelling ourselves into a new modern high-tech future for our workers and
families.
The FedEx hub will be an immensely important segment of a successful future. r
Some additional key points:
• FedEx plans to hire about 750 workers initially, increasing to 1,500 by the time the hub is fully operational.
• FedEx will make an initial investment of $300-million in its new Mid-Atlantic Hub in the Triad.
• Economist Dr. Donald Jud predicts, a $2.4 billion impact over 10 years of operation, or $106.6 million per
year.
• One third of these jobs will be full time with-an average salary of $34,000. Part-time jobs carry the same
generous benefits as full-time jobs.
Many thanks .for your support. -
Cordially,
G. H. Long jff GHL:bp
cc: Gayle Anderson An Award Winning
Bob.Leak
WPLACE
Garden Center
www.larcynolds.com
4400 Styers Ferry Road ? Winston-Salem, NC 27104 ? [phone] ? Fax [phone]
WACHOVIA GORPORATION
WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA 27150
L. M. BAKER, JR.
CHAIRMAN AND
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
January 24, 2001
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
I am writing in support of the application of the Piedmont Triad Airport
Authority for a Water Quality Certification pursuant to Section 401 of the
Federal Clean Water Act. I understand that proposed mediation actions
will more than offset any impacts to wetlands and streams.
The proposed FedEx Hub will have a significant positive impact on the
Triad and on Winston-Salem specifically. Our community has lost
thousands of tobacco, trucking and electronics jobs over the past decade
and our employment growth continues to lag behind the state average.
The FedEx Hub will make an initial investment of $300 million, but more
importantly, we feel that there will be an additional $2.4 billion of
investment over the next ten years. Winston-Salem is working hard to
address the loss of jobs we have experienced and the FedEx Hub will be a
significant factor to help us be successful.
-- =-
_ _
Your positive consideration of the Airport Authority's application is
greatly appreciated.
Sincerely,
Idle
L.M. Baker, Jr.
Cc: Allen Joines
TIMCO
JAN, ,2A66S Ca?. MW A
Sohn Affeltranger
President
January 25, 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attention: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Re: FedEx Hub
Dear Ms. Karoly:
As President of Triad International Maintenance Corporation (TIMCO), I feel a special
and personal responsibility to go on record in support of the FedEx Hub for both the North
Carolina Triad Area, as well as the more than 4000 TIMCO Team Members.
Of all the corporations that stand to benefit from the arrival of FedEx and their
new hub, it is TIMCO that will undoubtedly be positioned to provide minor and major
maintenance and overhaul services on FedEx aircraft. Currently, TIMCO provides major
aircraft maintenance for such carriers as Airborne Express, America West Airlines, Delta
Airlines, United Airlines and United Parcel Service, to name a few. The TIMCO Team
depends greatly on customers that require nose-to-tail aircraft maintenance on a
contract basis. To that regard, FedEx outsources all of their major maintenance needs
under that auspicious. We believe that TIMCO's aircraft maintenance services which
presently exist at the Triad International Airport will go hand in hand with the
operational and maintenance support requirements of FedEx.
Recently, TIMCO leased the Greensboro, North Carolina, facility which was
vacated by USAirways. We feel this serves as further testimony to our commitment to
the region in terms of business development and jobs. Part of our decision to do so
was based on the potential of FedEx having a major presence at this airport. We
believe that'it is very important to demonstrate to FedEx that enough capacity exists to
support their operations.
For TIMCO and its Team Members, there is no doubt that the value of the FedEx
Hub is substantial; and we believe that this is the type of business that not only
sustains the growth and prosperity for our corporation, but for the region in general.
623 Radar Road Phone: [phone]
Greensboro, NC 27410 Fax: [phone]
N.C. Division of Water Quality
January 25, 2001
Page 2
Following are just a few of the many benefits of having FedEx become a part of
our Triad Community:
¦ FedEx will make an initial investment of $300 million in its new Mid-Atlantic
Hub in the Triad.
¦ FedEx plans to hire approximately 750 employees initially, increasing to 1,500
by the time the hub is fully operational.
• One-third of these jobs will be full time with an average salary of $34,000.
Part time jobs carry many of the same generous benefits as full time jobs.
¦ UNCG economist Dr. Donald Jud predicts a $2.4 billion impact over 10 years
of operation, or $106.6 million per year. If we realize even half of the
economic impact that Dr. Jud predicts, the project will still mean an
unprecedented economic boost for our area.
¦ The Triad lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade,
and we must generate new jobs for our citizens. FedEx will help fill that
need.
Ms. Karoly, I thank you for your time and consideration in this matter and I will
make myself available for any further discussion relative to this effort. I look forward to
seeing FedEx at Triad International Airport.
r
JA: ch
rfruly yours,
ES JAN 2 5 2001
AND FINISHING CO • A 'VVa&G&` COMPANY
WP
600 NORTHWEST BLVD. • P.O. POX 102 • WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. 27/02-0202 • PHONE [phone]
E. Randolph Snyder
President
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
N C Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
January 22, 2001
I would like to express my support of the FedEx hub to be located in the Piedmont Triad. This new
mid-Atlantic position for FedEx will have huge impact on the city of Winston-Salem, the Piedmont
Triad and the state of North Carolina. Their investment in our state will create up to 1,500 jobs and
a predicted financial effect of over $2.4 billion. As you may well realize, even a portion of this effect
will make a significant enhancement for all of us.
Our business has grown from a supply of the contiguous United States to Canada, South America
and Europe. The proximity of this facility will enable us to serve our customers all over the world.
I thank you for your consideration and acceptance of my letter in support of the FedEx hub.
Sincerely,

ERS:mm
NORTH CAROLINA
SCHOOL OF THE ARTS
January 22, 2001
JAN 2 5 2001

N. C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Main Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
Le me offer you this letter in my support for the FedEx hub in the Piedmont Triad area. I am
aware that the impact on our community will require us to consider some of the liabilities that
such a hub will create, but overall, its benefit to the region and state far outweighs any issues we
will need to face.
The investment that FedEx and affiliated businesses will have to the region and state will be
profound. New workers will be added who increase the tax base of the state and will ultimately
create an unprecedented boom to our economy. It is my expectation that the North Carolina
School of the Arts will also benefit. FedEx is well-known for its support of the community and
through donations, in-kind service and employee participation, the School will prosper.
Please consider the immediate and long-term benefit it will offer our community as you review
the issues that arise. I am hopeful that you will see, as I do, that the assets FedEx brings in the
creation of a hub in the Triad will ultimately benefit the citizens of the region and state for many
years.
Sinc el ,
Wade H Ubgoo
Chanceloffice of the Chancellor
(33(3) 770-3200 FAX (336) 77(}3375
1533 S. Main Strcet (27127), P.O. Box 12189, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27117-2189
An equal opportunity constituent of the Uniuersity of North Carolina

KILPATRICK STOCKTON LLP
JAN 2 5 2001

Attorneys at Law
1001 West Fourth Street
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101-2400
Telephone: [phone]
Facsimile: 336.607.7500
Web site: www.kilstock.com
January 23, 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
Attn: Cyndi Karoly
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
GEORGE L. LITTLE, JR.
E-mail: [e-mail]
Direct Dial: 336.607.7325
I write in support of the location of the Mid-Atlantic FedEx Hub at the Piedmont
Triad International Airport. I understand that you have under consideration the application
of FedEx and the Piedmont Triad Airport Authority for a required water quality certification.
In my considered judgment, you should grant the request and issue the certification.
As I understand your guidelines, you consider economic impacts and total costs and
benefits. All of those that I am aware of weigh heavily in favor of the application of FedEx
and the Airport Authority. For instance:
¦ FedEx will make an initial investment of $300 million in this part of North Carolina.
¦ FedEx will hire initially approximately 750 workers, with plans to double that work
force by the time the hub is fully operational.
¦ Approximately one third of these new jobs will be full time with an average salary of
$34,000.
¦ Part-time jobs carry the same generous benefits as full time jobs.
¦ FedEx is known internationally as a quality company and quality employer and will
provide tremendous economic benefit, which we can all leverage in this part of North
Carolina.
¦ Respected economists predict that the economic benefit to this area will approach
$2.4 billion over 10 years.
Atlanta • Augusta • Brussels • Charlotte • London • Miami • Raleigh • Stockholm • Washington • Winston-Salem
KI LPATRICK STOCKTON UP
N.C. Division of Water Quality
January 23, 2001
Page 2
This project is sorely needed in this area at this time because of the thousands of tobacco
and textile jobs we have lost over the past decade.
FedEx will provide a much needed catalyst to this area's efforts to recruit and grow high
paying, "new economy" jobs as we move forward in the 21St century.
Last, but not least, this FedEx Hub will have a tremendously positive impact upon our
firm's business and our firm's ability to remain a viable contributor to the economic
health of the Piedmont Triad Region of North Carolina.
Thank you for your consideration of these matters.
Sincerely,
1
Geor e L. Little, Jr.
GLL:Iah
9170:99997-095912
WINLIB01:868943.1
JM242001
IAN ES
COMPANIES, INC. • A ?ADC?J COMPANY cN
600 NORTHWEST BLVD. • P.O. SOX Z02 • WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. 27102-0202 ?HONE 336-7ZS-1391
Ralph H. Womble
President
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
N C Division of Water Quality
Non-Discharge Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Ms. Karoly:
January 19, 2001
I would like to express my support of the FedEx hub to be located in the Piedmont Triad. This
new mid-Atlantic position for FedEx will have huge impact on the city of Winston-Salem, the
Piedmont Triad and the state of North Carolina. Their investment in our state will create up to
1,500 jobs and a predicted financial affect of over $2.4 billion. As you may well realize, even
a portion of this affect will make a significant enhancement for all of us.
Our business has grown from a supply of the contiguous United States to Canada, South America
and Europe. On a lessor scale, the benefit of this location will be our opportunity to better serve
our customers all over the world.
I thank you for your consideration and acceptance of my letter in support of the Fed X hub.
RHW:mm
Very sincerely,

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DSM D. S. MILLER, INC.
-r r Precision Machining
W°
1131 FOUST AVENUE, P.O. BOX 1067
HIGH POINT, N.C. 27261
. Telephone [phone]
September 26, 2000 Fax [phone]
Mr. John Dorney
NC Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney,
This letter is being sent to urge your fair and reasonable consideration in reviewing the
proposed expansion of the Piedmont Triad International Airport (PTIA) for the upcoming
Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub for issuance of Section 401 Water Quality Certification. PTIA
understands that the expansion will impact wetlands; however, there is full confidence
that the Airport will try to balance its operations with its impact upon wetlands and water
quality. This confidence has been borne out by PTIA submitting a new alternative in
the fall of 1999 that would avoid more than 20 acres of prime wetlands (Alternative Wl-
Al). Our region desires good water quality and water resources.
However, the Piedmont Triad is not growing at nearly the same pace as the
Raleigh/Durham and Charlotte regions in North Carolina. Part of the reason is the
continued loss of jobs in our traditional tobacco, textiles, and apparel industries. Guilford
County alone has lost 8,000 textile jobs in the last decade. Furniture manufacturing may
join this list in the future as some companies are beginning to move operations out of the
country.
Many of the replacement jobs for the loss in textiles and tobacco have been in the service
and retail sectors, which do not pay as high a wage nor offer benefit packages in many
instances. As a result, many people in the Piedmont Triad remain underemployed.
More than ten percent of the population of Guilford County has no form of health
insurance.
The proposed Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub has been a godsend in offsetting the loss of good-
paying manufacturing jobs. Three different economic analyses all indicate that the
overall economic impact of the Fed Ex hub will be between $.8 billion and $1.6 billion
during its first 10 years of operation. The total number of full-time and part-time jobs to
be created by the hub and its spillover effect are estimated between 1,300 and 2,500 jobs
with an average yearly payroll of between $23 and $36 million-again during its first 10
years of operation. Fed Ex will serve as a catalyst for high-paying and high-tech jobs to
replace the loss of traditional jobs.

Most critics of the hub live near the airport in residential developments that have also
detrimentally impacted wetlands and water quality. While these residential
developments are important to their inhabitants, these developments do not offer the job
creation potential and the ability for many citizens in the Piedmont Triad to improve their
lives through increased incomes and health benefits.
Again, it is hoped that the Division of Wetlands unit of the Division of Water Quality at
NCDENR will consider the tremendous economic benefits of the proposed Fed Ex Mid-
Atlantic hub at PTIA. There should be a fair, reasonable and expeditious means of
allowing this development while minimizing its impact on wetlands and water quality.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Azi •Z&.J
David S. Miller
ERNERSVILLE
K CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
136 East Mountain Street • Kernersville, NC 27284
Telephone [phone]
September 28, 2000 W
Mr. John Dorney
N.C. Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney:
On behalf of the 400 members of the Kernersville Chamber of Commerce, I am
writing you to endorse the proposed FedEx project to be located at the PTI Airport.
The proximity of Kernersville to the airport location would be a true economic
boost to our town. In an area that needs better paying jobs, the hub would provide
local residents the opportunity to acquire a better paying job with better benefits
and a professional growth track for employment.
In addition, the history of other locations for FedEx hubs reports significant
increases in new business. Our strategic location again would provide local residents
greater opportunities for employment if additional growth companies would locate
near the hub. With traditional industries of tobacco, textiles and apparel laying of
workers, this boost is certainly needed to sustain the local economy.
Please seriously consider the FedEx proposal as a tremendous asset the thirteen
counties in the Piedmont Triad area. This one project would give Piedmont North
Carolina area a better opportunity at keeping pace economically.
Sincerely,
Martha V. Vance
Executive Director
1
WAKE FOREST
SCHOOL Of MEDICINE
/ THE BOWMAN GRAY CAMPUS
Jay Moskowitz, Ph.D.
Senior Associate Dean
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27 699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney:
September 25, 2000

qr "' .
---?--
This is to enthusiastically support the establishment of a Federal Express hub at the Piedmont
Triad International Airport. (PTIA)
As the head of research of one of the nation's leading academic medical centers, I witness daily
the value of high technological advancement in medicine. The pace of this advancement will be
facilitated greatly in this region by the development of a Federal Express hub. High technology
businesses will locate, and be established, within the Triad region of western North Carolina
helping further the commercialization of scientific knowledge and drive the economy forward.
These businesses will not only provide an impetus for the commercialization of new life saving
products but they will boost the economy of a region that has lost over seven thousand jobs in an
economy that, until recently, concentrated on tobacco, textiles, and apparel.
Job growth in the Triad is not keeping pace with the rest of the state or region. Most triad growth
rate is in "low wage service positions." High technology jobs in science and medicine will help
change this. The new technology economy that will result from a partnership of Federal Express,
the Medical Center, and many new high technology businesses will create, as has happened in
Indianapolis and Fort Worth, a significant increase in business development, more full time jobs
and gains in the regional economy.
Thank you, for considering the positive effects of a new runway at Piedmont Triad International
Airport.
Sincerely,
Jay Mosk itz
JM/tp
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1023 [phone] / fax [phone] [e-mail]

F7-z 17
NORTH CAROLINA'S INDUSTRIAL CENTER (r
RANDOLPH COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION n?
September 27, 2000
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources .l
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney:
I am writing today to express my strong support for the location of the proposed
FedEx Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport. 1 am the economic
developer for Randolph County, located immediately south of the Greensboro
area. A growing county of 124,000, Randolph County is a manufacturing based
economy of mostly small industrial companies.
Our economy is in transition from one largely dependent on textile and furniture
to a more diversified manufacturing economy producing value added export
products and services. A key factor in making such a successful transition is an
enhanced transportation network. Access to interstate highways, rail, air and
mail carrier services is essential for our growth and a competitive advantage for
our existing industries.
Randolph County has lost 1800 manufacturing jobs within the last year with the
closure of ten manufacturing operations. Each job loss affects a family and a
community. FedEx will benefit Randolph County residents directly in terms of job
creation, job retention, and help to position our county and area for future growth.
FedEx will benefit Randolph County employers directly through enhanced
delivery capability particularly for time sensitive goods offering cost and customer
service advantages. Without FedEx, our area will not have all the tools necessary
to attract and retain jobs and investment.
Both FedEx and the airport have stated their commitment to protection of the
environment. Issues related to noise, wetlands, storm water and air quality have
all been addressed. North Carolina's natural environment will benefit from the
good corporate citizenship that FedEx will bring to both natural and economic
environment. When the two go hand in hand, North Carolina citizens and
919 South Cox Street - Post Office Box 2001 - Asheboro, NC 27204-2001
[phone] - FAX [phone]
taxpayers benefit. I support an expedited review of the required wetlands
permits.
Approval of the FedEx Hub and related infrastructure sends a positive message
to the business community that Randolph County and the Piedmont Triad is a
good place to locate and grow a business. The FedEx project is critical to the
long-term economic success of Randolph County and this region. Please move
to speedy approval of this project. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Bonnie R. Renfro
President
SAMET CORPORATION
General Contractor ¦ Real Estate Services

Attention: Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Re: Fedex Project, Piedmont Triad International Airport
Dear Sir:

September 27, 2000
I would like to express my sincere interest in this project. I have been supporting the Triad Region's
economic development for many years and feel this is the most important development opportunity that we
have ever had. It is especially important in light of what has been happening to our traditional
manufacturing jobs, tobacco, textiles, & furniture. Last year Greensboro lost over 2,500 jobs. Even more
have been lost this year. Fedex will not only supply new jobs to the area, but they will act as a catalyst to
many other companies to move here or to expand here to utilize the services of Fedex.
Fedex is a "gem" of a company having been recognized nation wide for there contribution to the
community in which they operate. The part time jobs and their "tuition reimbursement" plan is a wonderful
benefit to young people trying to educate themselves. There are many more reason why we need Fedex and
the jobs they will create, but just know that there is a great deal of support for this company and their
planned Mid Atlantic Hub.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Norman Samet
Chairman & CEO
Building Our Clients' Vision
309 Gallimore Dairy Rd. P.O. Box 8050 Greensboro [phone]
Suite 102 Greensboro, NC 27419 Fcrx [phone]
Greensboro, NC 27409 www.s=etcorp.com
Archdale k
?) Trinity Chamber of Commerce = "Growing with Excellence"

Executive Committee
3
President
'
Fred Meredith A MDtt
M
Meredith Transport, Inc. L, ?L.r" a7
President-Elect
Duane Church September 27, 2000 { = -
j Vr` T i- ;!We POUT
Time Warner Cable .. WATER €?ti..°..
Vice President Attention: Mr. John Dorney
Darrell Frye
Harriss & Covington Hosiery
North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resource
Division of Water Quality
2nd Vice President
Dremis Meier 1621 Mail Service Center
Randolph County Schools
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621 {?.?
Secretary
Cynthia Alexander
McEiven Lumber Co., Inc. Dear Mr. Dorney:
Treasurer
Betsy Lowder I believe that the location of a FedEx hub at the Piedmont Trial International
U W -Greater High Point
Airport will bring great economic opportunity to the Triad. I know that Fed Ex
Past President
Jim Kelley
is a reliable, reputable company, which will provide good paying jobs and
Duke Power/Duke Energy benefits. In regard to the concern about the already tight labor market, I know
Board or Directors that jobs draw people into an area. Having worked in the furniture industry I
JetrClaypool have seen an influx of out-of-state workers follow the job market.
Sealy, Inc.
Steve Foley I believe the location of Fed Ex in Greensboro will send a positive pro-growth
First Bank message to the rest of the business world, and indicate that we are open to
Worth Halley
Randolph County Schools reputable, community partners that bring sensible, controlled growth. This is
Kathy Jarrell exactly what FedEx will bring. With FAA oversight and public scrutiny, I am
Central Carolina Bank confident that FedEx will limit its environmental impact as needed. I understand
Steve Lambeth from preliminary studies, that there will be only a small number of additional
Acme Sample/ASB Graphics
homes affected by the noise cone. I certainly am sensitive to this concern;
Mike Liner however, reason leads one to assume that neighbors of an airport are aware of
Pioneer Family Restaurant
the potential issues when buying property.
Carol Lockhart
North State Telephone Co.
Janice Myers I assure you that my Board of Directors are in favor of the FedEx hub locating at
Myers & Associates, CPA's Piedmont Triad International Airport. Although we are located 45 minutes
John Ogburn III away, we realize and value the potential economic opportunity it will bring to
City ofArchdalt
the Triad.
Kenneth Orr
Furniture Illustrators. Inc.
Tommy Rice
Ralph's France Works
Regards,
Susan Riddi
New Gorden Nursery
Mike Sink
Guil-Rand Pet Inn & Grooming
Beverly M. Nelson, Executive Director
Scott Wagoner Archdale-Trinity Chamber of Commerce
Archdale Friends Meeting
Kay Wall
Bryant lilectric Ca., Inc.
Executive Director
Beverly Nelson
P.O. Box 4634 Archdale, North Carolina 27263 - [phone] - Fax: [phone] - www.archdaletrinitychambercom
WINSTON-SALEM
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
September 25, 2000
C^
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Dear Mr. John:
a Ii +?
J. 2000
- WATWEF fi iDl?'AGRQ?iPn . ?
?.. ..j?1?Jey[L li
On behalf of the 2,000 members of the Greater Winston-Salem Chamber of
Commerce, I am writing to inform you of our total support for the FedEx hub at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
This is the largest economic development project in the history of the State of
North Carolina. The draft EIS report states that the hub will have a $7.5 billion
economic impact on our Triad economy by 2019 and will create more than
16,000 jobs.
The Triad has lost thousands of tobacco and textile jobs over the past decade,
and we must generate new jobs for our citizens. Even part-time FedEx jobs have
benefits, something needed by thousands of North Carolina workers.
Our Chamber and its members stand firmly in support of the FedEx hub and
believe the minimal impact on the environment is acceptable for the vast
economic benefits that will come.
Since-rely,

e N. Anderson
ident & CEO
www.winstonsalem.com
Post Office Box 1408 • Winston-Salem, NC 27102 • 336- 728-9200 • 336-721-2209 fax
Gerald H. Long WLA 2 9 2000
Chairman REYNOLDS,
?. 1
'
GARDEN SHOWCASE® 1VF?tf,s?C1`G+'??`
September 26, 2000
' f Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlandsf401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center"
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-162-1
Dear Mr. Dorney:
I am most supportive of the FedEx hub program at the-Piedmont International Airport.
Several years ago, I retired as Chairman and CEO of R. J. Reynolds. At that time, we
employed about -17,000. workers. Now, the figure is about 6,800. f ; 4
Additionally, during. that time, our Triad area has lost about 7,000 jobs in textiles,
furniture, and distribution. In recent months, we have' also lost over .500 jobs in the
finance category. We are working diligently to re-invent ourselves and successfully build
a new community.
We need the FedEx hub to aid in propelling- ourselves into a new modern, high-tech
futirre• for our workers and families: `
The FedEx hub will be an immensely important segment of a successfuL future.
Many thanks for your support. -
_ Cordially,
G. H. Long '
GHL:bp
c: rDon Kirkman
Gayle Anderson.
An Award. Winning
. O w f C A? IpO/f?M?
.XIYT..L -
` - Garden Center
+ www.lareynolds.com
4400 Styers'Ferry Road ? Winston-Salem, NC 27104 ? [phone] ? Fax [phone] '

J. Walter McDowell
Executive Vice President
Wachovia Corporation
100 North Main Street
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
September 29, 2000
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
?TACHOV?1
Dear Mr. Thomas:
I am writing as a Winston-Salem native, a Wachovia Corporation employee and the Chairman of the Greater
Winston-Salem Chamber of Commerce. The proposed Federal Express Hub at the Piedmont Triad International
Airport is absolutely critical in strengthening and revitalizing Winston-Salem, Forsyth County and the Piedmont
Triad Region of North Carolina.
Forsyth and Guilford Counties are two of the slowest growing urban counties in North Carolina. This is due in part
to re restructuring in tobacco, textiles and furniture. The current economic situation in the Triad is captured in a
study by Regional Technology Strategies, commissioned by the Z. Smith Reynolds and Joseph Bryan Foundations.
This study describes in great detail the vulnerable economy in the Triad and the economic impact of the Federal
Express Hub. Specifically, RTS suggests that the 10-year impact of Federal Express on the Triad will be more that
$1.7 billion.
The members of the Greater Winston-Salem Chamber of Commerce are challenged by the slow rates of growth in
population and jobs. The rippling effect of the Federal Express Hub will give these 2,000 businesses an opportunity
to operate more successfully going forward than in the past.
As a Wachovia employee, I would welcome Federal Express as they are a responsible corporate citizen, regularly
investing in the communities they serve.
As a Winston-Salem native, I believe Federal Express will be one of the solutions to our 18-34 year old dilemma.
This age group is declining rapidly in Forsyth and Guilford Counties. Our sons and daughters are leaving the Triad
and moving to other regions with more exciting job opportunities. Federal Express is the first step in reversing this
trend.
Mr. Dorney, thank you for considering these issues.
Sincerely,
J. Walter McDowell
hairin
L?
ALAMANCE COUNTY AREA
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
9 -
tv
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N. C. 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney,
26 September 2000

We of the Alamance County Area Chamber of Commerce would again like to voice our
wholehearted support for the FedEx proposed location in the Greensboro area. This will
add tremendously to the quality of life in all areas of influence.
The benefits for this location are -many and diverse. They will have positive impacts in
terms of jobs, investment, and tax revenues. In the labor market, the move will create a
large number of high paying job -opperities that will Zefinkelyattract additional
businesses and industries, and drastically increase the labor force in other new and
expanding companies. The overall investments-and resulting tax revenues willenable the
city and county governments to increase vital services in areas of education, recreation,
and the cultural He of this vital -area. -of the Piedmont.
Finally, the jobs created will replace lost personnel of existing industries experiencing
financial difficulties from foreign influence and the tobacco -controversy. This -)'Hove will
have a direct and positive impact on all areas of growth and influence.
The positives are many, and -the negatives are Jew. With the-coming of PEdEx, it will
mark a new era in labor management relationship, attract new businesses and industries,
and set the example for the quality of life weall desire.
Respectfully,
So ilburn
President
SW/js
610 South Lexington Avenue
Burlington, North Carolina 27215
[phone]
FAX [phone]
email: [e-mail]
GREENSBORO
Greensboro Area Chamber of Commerce
September 26, 2000
Mr. John Dorney
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands / 401 Unit
NC Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney:

The Greensboro Area Chamber of Commerce strongly supports the FedEx Mid-Atlantic Hub
proposed for Piedmont Triad International Airport.
• The Federal Aviation Administration's draft study of the hub predicts that FedEx will bring
more than 16,000 new jobs to the Triad over a 16-year period. It will be a real catalyst for
economic development. We must bring in new industries and create new jobs to replace the
jobs that are being lost each day in textiles, tobacco, and manufacturing.
• The positive economic effects will be significant for our area. The FAA report predicts a $7.5
billion economic impact over 20 years.
• The draft study does not raise any serious concerns about lowering the quality of life in our area
if the hub is built.
Our Board of Directors believes that FedEx will be a much needed boon to our community. We
urge your favorable consideration.
Sinc ,
J. David Jameson
President
P.O. Box 3246 • Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-3246 - [phone] - Fax [phone] TRLAD
`{CCU?

CASWELL C©
Office of the County Manager
September 27, 2000 C
Attention: Mr. John Dorney k
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Thomas,
I am writing to support the proposed FedEx hub project at the Piedmont Triad International
Airport. As I understand it, wetland permits for the proposed changes to the facility are being
evaluated. This project is of great importance to our regional economy.
Although Caswell County is 33 miles from the airport (the Town of Yanceyville is 50 miles from
the airport), we will be directly affected by operation of the FedEx hub in two ways:
1. Over 65% of the workforce in Caswell County commutes out of the county to work.
Many of these workers are employees in the Greensboro area. Our commuters will
benefit from the 750 - 1,500 jobs to be created by FedEx as well as the opportunities
created by businesses that are attracted to area as the hub is established.
2. The draft EIS Report estimates that the hub will generate more than 16,000 jobs by 2019.
Some of these jobs will be with businesses that choose to locate along US 29 in Caswell
County. We have completed plans for a 171-acre industrial park in this area. The park
will be targeted to major manufacturing and big box distribution. A major consideration
for business managers considering locating in this new park is whether the FedEx hub
will be in operation.
Consideration of the FedEx project is a regional decision. It will greatly affect all of the people
in the Piedmont Triad. Over 7,000 jobs have been lost in the region's traditional industries of
textiles, furniture and tobacco. We are experiencing additional losses in our county related to
tobacco. In response, we are doing everything we can to capitalize on the positive economic
development that is taking place in the more urban areas around us. Development related to
FedEx will have a greater impact upon our rural county than anything we have experienced in
the past decade.
As you proceed with your evaluation, we ask that you keep in mind the positive impacts that this
project will have on the counties that surround the proposed FedEx hub.
Sincerely,
udd
County Manager
144 Court Square . P.O. Box 98 . Yanceyville, NC 27379
Phone [phone] . Fax [phone]

J.V. MORGAN (1918-82)
W. DAN HERRING
JAMES F. MORGAN
JAMES M. GREEN, JR.
DAVID K. ROSENBLUTT
JAMES E. GILL, JR.
THOMAS W. SMOTHERS
TODD J. COMBS
OF COUNSEL:
JOHN HAWORTH
JOHN C. RIGGS
September 27, 2000
Mr. John Domey
NC Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 21699-1621
Dear Mr. Domey:
9 ? ,? r7
?v
(-"ur
FACSIMILE
[phone]
This letter is being sent to urge your consideration in reviewing the proposed
expansion of the Piedmont Triad International Airport (PTIA) for the upcoming Fed Ex
N lid-Atlantic hub for issuance of Section 401 Water Quality Certification. PTIA
derstands that the expansion will impact wetlands; however, there is full confidence
that the Airport will try to balance its operations with its impact upon wetlands and
water quality. This confidence has been borne out by PTIA submitting a new alternative
in the fall of 1999 that would avoid more than 20 acres of prime wetlands (Alternative
Wl-A1. Our region desires good water quality and water resources.
However, the Piedmont Triad is not growing at nearly the same pace as the
Raleigh/Durham and Charlotte regions in North Carolina. Part of the reason is the
continued loss of jobs in our traditional tobacco, textiles, and apparel industries.
Guilford County alone has lost 8,000 textile jobs in the last decade. Furniture
manufacturing may join this list in the future as some companies are beginning to move
operations out of the country .
Many of the replacement jobs for the loss in textiles and tobacco have been in the
service and retail sectors, which do not pay as high a wage nor offer benefit packages in
many instances. As a result, many people in the Piedmont Triad remain underemployed.
More than ten percent of the population of Guilford County has no form of health
insurance.
LAW OFFICES
MORGAN, HERRING, MORGAN, GREEN, ROSENBLUTT & GILL, L.L.P.
1801 WESTCHESTER DRIVE, SUITE 200
P.O. BOX 2756
HIGH POINT, NORTH CAROLINA 27261
[phone]
Mr. John Domey
NC Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
September 27, 2000
Page 2
The proposed Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub will help tremendously in offsetting the
loss of good-paying manufacturing jobs. Three different economic analyses all indicate
that the overall economic impact of the Fed Ex hub will be between $.8 billion and $1.6
million during its first 10 years of operation. The total number of full-time and
part-time jobs to be created by the hub and its spillover effect are estimated between
1,300 and;2,500 jobs with an average yearly payroll of between $23 and $36 million-
-again during its first 10 years of operation. Fed Ex will serve as a catalyst for high-paying
and high-tech jobs to replace the loss of traditional jobs.
It is hoped that the Division of Wetlands unit of the Division of Water Quality
at NCDENR will consider the tremendous economic benefits of the proposed Fed Ex
Mid-Atlantic hub at PTIA. There should be a fair, reasonable and expeditious means of
allowing this development while minimizing its impact on wetlands and water quality.
Thank you for your consideration.
With best personal regards, I remain
Yours very truly,
James F. i organ
JFM:ebs
Pigh PONT
HIGH POINT
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
C..dJ9C...d
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September 21, 2000 ? g
0-2 9 2a
Mr. John Dorney (T F -
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources VT?:?-":
Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N. C. 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney:
I am writing this letter on behalf of the High Point Chamber of Commerce in support of
the FedEx project proposed to be developed in our area. There is no question that the
Piedmont Triad region of North Carolina is looking forward to the arrival of this project
and the economic development that will result.
Our Chamber is officially on record as supporting this endeavor and my comments are on
behalf of our Board of Directors. As representatives of the business community in High
Point, the members of our Board realize the benefits to be derived from the completion of
the FedEx Hub at our regional airport.
With the loss of some of our traditional employment opportunities over the past months,
it is extremely important to the well being of our community that we develop new jobs
for our people. The arrival of the FedEx Hub will not only provide replacement jobs on
site, but will encourage other economic activity as well. We know that many other
employers will come to the area once the Hub is in place.
We feel extremely fortunate that our area has been selected for a FedEx hub and want to
be sure that you and others in positions of authority are aware of our support for this
project. We urge your positive consideration of this effort and look forward with great
anticipation to having FedEx in the Piedmont Triad area of North Carolina.
Sincerely,
-Judy Mendenhall, President
1101 NORTH MAIN ST. • P.O. Box 5025 • HIGH POINT, N.C. 27262-5025 •.[phone] • FAx [phone] • www.highpointcharnber.org
Economic Development Corporation
September 26, 2000
Mr. John Dorney
NC Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center r
Raleigh, N IC 27699-1621 ?-Al
Dear Mr. Domey.
1

Enclosed is a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors of the High Point Economic
Development Corporation in June 1998 indicating support for state tax incentives for the
proposed Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport (PTIA).
Our support of the project remains overwhelmingly strong for the hub. The resolution states
many positive aspects of Fed Ex at that time: creating needed jobs both at the hub and in the
Piedmont Triad region, and demonstrating what an excellent corporate citizen Fed Ex will be to
region.
Since 1998, two additional independent economic analyses regarding the hub have been
conducted. All three analyses indicate that the overall economic impact of the Fed Ex hub will be
between $.8 billion and $1.6 billion during its first 10 years of operation. The total number of
ull-time and part-time jobs to be created by the hub and its spillover effect are eaimatz.d bev.veen
1,300 and 2,500 jobs with an average yearly payroll of between $23 and $36 millior;--again
during its first 10 of operation. Fed Ex will serve as a catalyst for high-paying and hick-tech jobs
to replace Lie loss of traditional jobs in the tobacco, textiles, apparel and finnit-ure industries.
It is our hope that the Division of Wetlands unit of the Division of Water Quality at the N.C.
Department of the Environment and Natural Resources wili consider the tremendous economic
benefits of the proposed Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub at PTIA. There should be a fair, reasonable
and expeditious means of allowing this development while minimizing its impact on wetlands
and water quality.
Thank you for your prompt review and fair consideration in issuing the Section 401 :eater
Quality Certificate;.
Sincerely,
k4"_1#AWM
Robert McInnis
Chairman
Enclosure
P.O. Box 230 ? High Point, NC 27261 ? [phone] ? FAX [phone] ? TDD# [phone]
Economic Development Corporation
RESOLUTION

IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED STATE TAX AMENDMENTS TO LOCATE THE
FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, Governor Hunt has indicated his support for proposed legislation authorizing an
additional $62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of
$142.3 million for which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on
175 acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an
average salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between
$9.00 and $10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is
completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in
the next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business also estimates that the total regional economic
impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160 million per year with a cumulative
impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune, Mother
Jones and the National Minority Business Council for creating a good work environment for its
employees; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-a-School program in Memphis, Tennessee, by
developing "hush kits" to make planes quieter and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996;
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the High Point Economic Development
Corporation overwhelmingly encourages the North Carolina General Assembly to approve the
proposed tax amendment legislation to enable Federal Express to site its Mid-Atlantic Hub at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted 9 ray of June, 1998.
Nido Qu ea!"Skairman
Kevin Johnson, P esident
P.O. Box 230 ? High Point, NC 27261 ? [phone] ? FAX [phone] ? TDD# [phone]

September 22, 2000
Wake Forest University Baptist
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear John:
,wp? r
Richard H. Dean, M.D.
Director, Wake Forest University Baptist
Medical Center & Senior Vice President
for Health Affairs of Wake Forest University
I am writing in support of the FedEx project at the Piedmont Triad International Airport, which
serves Forsyth County, the home of the Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center. I urge
you to issue the appropriate wetland permits which will allow construction of the new runway to
begin.
Since the decline of the tobacco and textile industries in our community, the Medical Center has
become the largest employer in Forsyth County, with over 11,000 personnel. We have taken a
leadership role in helping the community establish a technology-based economy to replace the,
old manufacturing base. This past spring the Board of Trustees of Wake Forest University
approved a $67 million initiative, which will greatly upgrade the research mission at the Medical
School and, we expect, lead to entrepreneurial spinoffs from faculty research. There are already
several such spinoff companies located in the new research park in downtown Winston-Salem,
where we have invested in the Piedmont Triad Community Research Center, which houses our
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology.
These new companies will not be able to thrive without access to the kinds of services that
FedEx provides, and without the increasing availability of flights at the airport that the FedEx
project is likely to generate.
I know you appreciate the necessity of generating job growth in the Triad, which lags behind the
economic boom in other large urban areas in the State. The FedEx project will result in jobs not
only at the airport but throughout the region. It is of vital importance to the health of our
community.
Thank you for your attention.
With best regards,
/12
Richard H. Dean, M.D.
Wake Forest University School of Medicine at the Bozvman Gray Campus
The North Carolina Baptist Hospitals, Incorporated
Medical Center Boulevard • Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1003
[phone] 9 Fax [phone] • E-mail: [e-mail]
Penny Whiteheart
3409 Dogwood Dr. 'Greensboro, NC 27403
September 24, 2000

1, ? ? SEP 2 8 2000
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment & Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney:

I am writing to express my support of the Section 404 Permit Application by the Piedmont Triad
International Airport, required for the construction of the FedEx MidAtlantic Hub here in the Piedmont
Triad.
I have been active in economic development in Greensboro and the Piedmont Triad for 13 years, and
have seen many changes to our local economy during that time. The industries that have sustained our
region for the last 100 years are no longer growth industries, and our local economic base is not
growing as quickly as that of the State of North Carolina. During the last 18 months, Guilford County
has seen more than 3,000 jobs eliminated due to layoffs and business closings. These are disturbing
trends for our future.
The FedEx sorting facility at Piedmont Triad International Airport will provide 1,500 good jobs to our
citizens, and is expected to attract additional companies to the region. FedEx itself is an excellent
corporation to have here in the region, and its presence will contribute, I am sure, to the local civic
leadership, arts community, and general quality of life here.
I urge you to consider the economic importance of this new facility as you review the Section 404
permit.
Sinc ely, , ?'I I d -1 1
Penny Whiteheart
c ?
PIED I ¦©NTTR1AD Alamance Caswell Davidson Davie Forsyth Guilford Montgomery Randolpb Rockingham Stokes Surry Yadkin
PARTNERSHIP
September 26, 2000
Mr. John Thomas
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
Mr. John Domey
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
RE: Piedmont Triad International Airport Wetland Permits
Gentlemen:

' ` - 2 8 2000
}f..'J i n, u nnn
j •J is U LUub
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I previously corresponded with each of you in support of the section 404 and 401
permits for the new parallel runway at Piedmont Triad International Airport. In my prior
correspondence I emphasized the importance of the Federal Express to the entire
Piedmont Triad region and beyond. I failed to include, however, the resolutions of
support that have been adopted by local governments and other organizations throughout
the region.
Enclosed are copies of some of the supporting resolutions and letters of local
governments and other organizations throughout the 12-county Piedmont Triad region.
Many other organizations have also gone on record in support of this project, which is
critical to the economic future of the region. Collectively, these resolutions reflect the
support of hundreds of thousands of residents and thousands of businesses in the
Piedmont Triad.
The economy of the Piedmont Triad region has relied on manufacturing jobs in
the textile and apparel, furniture and tobacco industries for over 100 years. Those jobs
are being lost in alarming numbers. Within the last several months Guilford Mills,
Burlington Industries and Galey and Lord, all of which are headquartered in Greensboro,
have announced over 3,000 layoffs, most of which are in Guilford County. Over 22,000
job losses from layoffs and closings have been announced in the region since 1996.
7614 Business Park Drive, Greensboro, NC 21409, PH [phone], [phone], MX [phone]
Mr. John Thomas
Mr. John Dorney
September 26, 2000
Page Two
The job growth in the Piedmont Triad region in recent years has largely come
from jobs in the low-wage service sector. According to the Employment Security
Commission, the five fastest growing occupations in the Piedmont Triad from 1992-2000
were retail salespersons, janitors and cleaners, cashiers, waiters and waitresses, and
general office clerks.
Federal Express represents the best hope to provide economic opportunities to the
residents of this region and beyond. The benefits of this project are enormous in terms of
jobs, investment and state and local tax revenues. Again, I ask your support for the
pending wetland applications for this project.
Thank you for your consideration, and please call if you have questions.
Sincerely,

Donald A. Kirkman
President and CEO
Resolution #68
RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF . THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-
ATLANTIC HUB AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3 million in
state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package $142.3 million for which Federal Express
and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square foot facility on 175 acres
reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average salary of
$34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and $10.00 per hour)
whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro estimates
that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Trial Region in the next decade
generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160 million
per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Magazine for creating
a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in which they are
located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by installing "hush kits" to
make plane quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate Community Service Award by the Points
of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Mayor and Council of the Village of Tobaccoville
strongly encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Trial International Airport.
Adopted this 3rd day of Septemper,1998.
ATTEST:
A&,, J - ?w
Robin S. Key, Village Clerk
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KING CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS M[ID-
ATLANTIC HUB AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for which
Federal Express and other companies may qualify; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the Piedmont
Triad International Airport; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and $10.00 per
hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed; and
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the next
decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million; and
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160
million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Magazine
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the commitment to the
by installing "hush kits" to make planes quieter; and be receiving a Excellence in Corporate Community
Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996.
communities in which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis,
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the King Chamber of Commerce strongly
encourage the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its-Mid-Atlantic
Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopter; VA,tl?j?? day of October, 1998.
?,
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G Merritt, sident
Tennessee;
Anyce D@naldson, Executive Director
VV/LGI IJJV 1J. JL JI VJV V'1LV( LMIM MLVVJI GR1-i f'M\7C U4
i t
IN SUPPORT OF TAX AMENDMENT LEGISLATION TO ATTRACT
FEDERAL EXPRESS TO PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, Federal Express, subject to agreements on incentive Investments to
be made by public governing bodies, Intends to locate its mid-Atlantic hub at
Piedmont Triad International Airport with an initial local Investment of $230
million to $300 million, and
WHEREAS, Federal Express Is recognized as one of the finest corporate citizens
in the world, having created an excellent and caring working environment for its
employees and a highly regarded community relations program in the cities
where It operates, and
WHEREAS, Federal Express expects to hire 225 full-time employees and 525 part-
time employees at highly competitive salaries and wages, with ail employees
receiving outstanding benefits packages, and
WHEREAS, Federal Express employment and investments are expected to grow
dramatically in future years, returning public incentive investments on an
estimated $1841 ratio over twenty years, and
WHEREAS, in airport hub-cities, experience has shown that Federal Express will
attract a host of other fast-growing businesses and industries that rely on rapid
air delivery of their products, and
WHEREAS, the attraction of other businesses and industries will not be limited to
the metropolitan centers, but all Piedmont Triad counties will have excellent
opportunities to attract new businesses and industries, helping to replace job
losses and diversify our declining traditional industrial base;
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Surry County Economic Development
Partnership strongly encourages the North Carolina General Assembly to
approve proposed tax amendment legislation that will persuade Federal Express
to locate its mid-Atlantic hub at Piedmont Triad International Airport.
ADOPTED this 19"' day of June, 1998.
Attested:. Michael Stanley, Secretary
Al-W -?o
Signed:
Gary Laws, rman
-SIM (XXNW ECONOMIC DiM, 0PMLNT PARTNERSHIP, INC.
RU. BOX 12Az DO13.SON, NC 27017 910.386.4781 FAX 91Q•,W)•4267
Resolution #467
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB
AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing
$62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3
million for which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility
on 175 acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300
million at the Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an
average salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of
between $9.00 and $10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the
operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at
Greensboro estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont
Triad Region in the next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65
million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will
average $160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of
operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune
Magazine for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A School program in Memphis, Tennessee;
by installing "hush kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in
Corporate Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and,
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Town of Rural Hall Board of
Councilmen strongly encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the
Federal Express site for its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the le day of September, 1998.
ATTEST:
a
Frank L. James
Town Manager/Clerk
V ?
a
Larry T. Williams
Mayor
RESOLUTION NUMBER 45-98
RESOLUTION BY THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN
OF THE TOWN OF KERNERSVILLE
IN SUPPORT
OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT
THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3 million in
state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million-square-foot facility on 175 acres
reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at at average salary
of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and
$10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is
completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad
Region in the next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65
million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160
million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Magazine for
creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in which they
are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by
installing "hush kits" to make planes quiter, and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Board of Aldermen of the Town of Kernersville
encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the first day of September, 1998..
Larry . Brown, Mayor
Attest:
Diane S. Cook, CIVIC, Town Clerk
WCC
Madison - Mayodan - Stontrilk
August 12, 1998
Mr. Tommy Roberts, Project Manager
Federal Aviation Administration, Atlanta Airport District Office
1701 Columbia Avenue, Suite 2-260
College Park, GA 30337-2746
Dear Mr. Roberts:
Wile- L1'7
Attached you will find a resolution passed May 28, 1998, by the Western Rockingham
Chamber of Commerce in support of the proposed location of the Federal Express hub at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina. Even though the
area WRCC represents is located in western Rockingham County, some 25 miles north of
the proposed facility, the chamber board feels that there can be positive economic impact
for this community as a result of the Federal Express expansion program. WRCC
considers this area a vital part of the Piedmont Triad Community.
Knowi S Federal Express attracts business growth and provides excellent job
opportunities, WRCC desires to be in a position to promote western Rockingham County
and in particular the communities of Madison, Mayodan, and Stoneville. WRCC
aggressively promotes economic progress and improved living conditions for residents.
For obvious reasons not every business with Federal Express interests will locate in
Guilford County and with Highway 220 passing through this area,`a known north-south
artery slated to become I-73, western Rockingham County is a natural.
We thank you in advance and request your support of this Piedmont Triad project and
hopefully the results of your study will be favorable. If you have further questions
regarding this matter, please feel free to call.
ncerely,
Donald R Joyce
Executive Director
Attachment:
'Western Rochin'ghain Chamber of Commerce
112 West Murphy Street, Madison, NC 27025 -336-548-624S - Fax: [phone]
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB
AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing
$62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3
million for which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility
on 175 acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300
million at the Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an
average salary of 34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of
between $9.00 and $10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the
operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at
Greensboro estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont
Triad Region in the next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65
million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will
average $160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of
operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune
Magazine for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off
policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities
in which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-Schooi program in Memphis,
Tennessee; by installing "hush kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an
Excellence in Corporate Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in
1996: and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the City of Mebane strongly
encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for
its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 7t` day of September, 1998
ATTEST: lenElaine J. Flicks, City Clerk
City of Eden
RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF
INCENTIVES FOR FEDERAL EXPRESS
WHEREAS Federal Express has announced its intention to locate its major suutlicust hill)
at the Piedmont Triad International Airport; and
WHEREAS the location of this hub in our area will create mote than 1,500 jobs with full
time positions averaging $34,000 a year and part-time positions paying more than $S per
hour with full benefits, and
WHEREAS the fact that this facility is located in our region will suppurt all inJustries for
whom timely delivery is a critical factor in the success of their operations. and
WHEREAS the location of such a hub will attract new businesses to tike entire Picdkttont
Triad area, and
WHEREAS the incentive package under consideration will be more than offset by the
investments to be made by Federal Express in locating this hub at our airport. and they
should be considered important investments in the future of our area ;Inc! indeed tilt; entire
state,
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that (lie City of Eclat welcomes tike location of
a new southeastern hub for Federal Express to the I'ledmont Triad Internaiional Airport
and requests the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina approvo the ineetttivc
package offered by the North Carolina Department of Commcre:c in chit: order.
ATTE T:
i Scott, City clerk
CITY OF c
l
13Y.
Philip Price, Mayor
308 East Stadium Drive • Eden, NC 27288-3523 • [phone] Cax [phone]
Tint E,,c?F?itF?onY AkwAYs MA ret=ina
Ys prnntell nn rrol, Ind )%trot
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED STATE TAX AMENDMENTS TO LOCATE THE FEDERAL
EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, Governor Hunt has indicated his support for proposed legislation authorizing an additional
& 62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175 acres
reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipated initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average salary of
$34.000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and $10.00 per hour)
whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro estimates
that 3100 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the next decade
generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business also estimates that the total regional economic impact of the
Federal Express facility will average $160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after
ten years of operation; .
%V HEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune, Mother Jones and
intional Minority Business Council for creating a good work environment for its employees; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in which they are
located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee, by developing "hush kits" to
make planes quieter and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate Community Service Award by the
Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Rockingham County Board of Commissioners
strongly encourages the North Carolina General Assembly to approve the proposed tax amendment
legislation to enable Federal Express to site its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International
Airport.
Adopted this the 6`s day of July, 1998
e,arenceE,. Tucker, Chairman Date
' RockinghaM :County Board of Commissioners
c 2d2aM. 6J
Robertson, Clerk Date
Rockingham County Board of Commissioners
Archdal Trinity
Chamber of Commerce
Growing With Excellence
P.O. Box 4q34
Archdale, rth Carolina 27263
[phone] FAX[phone]
Federal Aviation Administration
Resolution Concerning Environmental Impact Study for
Third Runway Construction at
Piedmont Triad International Airport for the
Federal Express Mid-Atlantic Hub
WHEREAS, the Mid-Atlantic hub will generate 750 to 800 jobs initially and 1,500 jobs by the
year 2008; and
WHEREAS, businesses already located in the Triad will be able to extend their produc n time
into the evening because they will be located near a FedEx hub that will guarant e
overnight shipping; and
WHEREAS, a study by UNC Greensboro economics professor Donald Judd projects th4tthe hub will
have a $2.4 billion impact on the Triad within the first 10 years of its operation; d
WHEREAS, the improvements to the Piedmont Triad International Airport will benefit
airport tenants and Triad region as a whole for many years to come; and
WHEREAS, in Indianapolis, 60 companies either expanded or relocated to be near the b, and
in Fort Worth more than 10,000 additional jobs and $3.6 billion in new investor t were
created by companies that expanded or relocated to be near the hub; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express was recently commended by the Governor of Tennessee f r hiring
200 people off the welfare roles in the last two years and had an exemplary reco d of
retaining 62 percent of those employees; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express was recently named to the top 15 companies in the nation
hiring, retaining and promoting minorities by Forlune magazine;
NOW, THEREFORE, The Archdale-Trinity Chamber of Commerce supports the
of a third runway at Piedmont Triad International Airport, and does hereby
1. That the Federal Aviation Administration, in the execution of an Enviro ental
Impact Study, look favorably upon the construction of a third runway at Piedmont
Triad International Airport, for the purpose of the location of the Fede Express
Mid-Atlantic Hub.
Resolved this the eleventh day of August, 1998.
Reb Shel , President
Archdale-Trim
Chamber of Co erce
PIEDMCW
TZ"
new o.ar..
tconomic Development Commission
Tourism Development Authority
I ROCKINGHAM COUNTY
North rarolina's North Scar
RESOLUTION
1N SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS XID-ATLANTIC HUB AT
THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a. total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify.
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad Irttemational Airport.
WHEREAS, Federal Ezpress anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage-rate of between $9.00 and
$10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when tf e:olieration is,con - leted;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will.be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHERAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160
million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation,
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by'Fortune Magazine
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to.the communities in which
they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee, by
developing "hush kits" to make planes quieter and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Rockingham County Economic
Development Commission strongly encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve
the Federal Express for its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 11`s day of August, 1998
County Economic Development commission.
R0. Gur 205
Wentworth. NC 27375
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
rcedcColwww.co.roCkinghclm.nc.us
Z0a IT0'ON 6tt7LZ8990% E- )UNnoo WUHJNIADOd 6b:OT 86/LT/80
Western Roc idngham
Chamber of Commerce
I I - - - _?/
resolution In orb Of Federal E?anr+es?
Whereas, Federal Express has announced its intentions to locate its major southeast
hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport; and
Whereas, the location of this hub in our area will create more than 1,500 jobs with full
time positions averaging $34,000.00 a year and part-time positions paying more than
$8.00 per hour including full benefits; and
Whereas, this facility being located in the Piedmont Triad Region of North Carolina will
support all industries for whom timely delivery is a critical factor in the success of their
operations; and
Whereas, the location of such a hub will attract new businesses to the entire Piedmont
Triad area; and
Whereas, the incentive package Luider consideration will be more than offset by the
investments to be made by Federal Express in locating this hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport, and they should be considered important investments to the
future of our area and indeed the entire state; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Western Rockingham Chamber of
Commerce, located in Rockingham County and serving the towns of Madison, Mayodan,
and Stoneville, North Carolina welcomes the location of a ne"' southeastern hub for
Federal Express to the Piedmont Triad International Airport and requesta the General
Assembly of the State of North Carolina approve the incentive package offered by the
North Carolina Department of Commerce in due order.
Passed and signed this 28th day of May, 1998.

Nat Futch, President
.?°F
THE CITY OF LEXINGTON
NORTH yo , , ?T CAROLINA
CAR°~
"GROWING WITH THE PIEDMONT"
OFFICE OF THE
MAYOR
August 13, 1998
Mr. Tommy Roberts, Project Manager
FAA, Atlanta Airport District Office
1701 Columbia Avenue, Suite 2-260
College Park, GA 30337-2746
Dear Mr. Roberts:
eject: Environmental Impact Statement Public Hearing, Proposed Federal Express
Facility, Piedmont Triad Airport. August 17,1998
I firmly support the proposed Federal Express Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport. Based on the positive impacts of the capital investment, the number of jobs
that will be created and cumulative regional economic impact estimated at $2.4 billion after ten
years of operation, the project offers our region a very attractive and unique opportunity for
continued growth and development. The benefits of this project will favorably impact the City of
Lexington and help us in our local economic development efforts.
The North Carolina General Assembly has passed the authorizing legislation for a total tax
incentive package of $142.3 million for which Federal Express and other companies may qualify.
We think that Federal Express brings a quality operation to the Triad. The Company has
demonstrated a strong commitment to the communities in which they have located.
For the above reasons, I strongly encourage the Federal Administration to approve the Federal
Express site for its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Sincerely yours,
Richard L. Thomas
Mayor
File: c/wpd/FedExHub
22 WEST CENTER STREET - LEXINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 27292 - PH. 336-248-3910 - FAX [phone]
STOKES COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
August 17, 1998
Mr. Tommy Roberts, Project Manager
Federal Aviation Administration
Atlanta Airport District Office COPY
1701 Columbia Avenue, Suite 2-260
tl? u
College Park, Georgia 30337-2746
RE: Parallel Runway, Piedmont Triad International Airport
Mr. Roberts
In April 1998, FedEx announced its decision to build its fifth national hub at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport. The FedEx Mid-Atlantic hub will play a key role
in moving express packages between the Northeast and the Southeast regions of the
United States.
This is an unparalleled opportunity for the 12 county Piedmont Triad.
Federal Express selected the Piedmont Triad International Airport for its Mid-
Atlantic hub based upon several factors. Of principal consideration was access to superb
highways. The FedEx project proposes an excellent return on the investment all of North
Carolina has made in that infrastructure.
Crucial to FedEx's operations is the construction of a parallel runway. The
proposed parallel runway would provide the most reliable method for guaranteeing
uninterrupted operation allowing aircraft to continue landing and take off should one
runway become disabled. The parallel runway appears to provide the most effective way
to minimize taxi times because of simultaneous landings and takeoffs. Without a parallel
runway the launch of each FedEx aircraft would take 5 to 6 minutes longer - for a total of
one hour and a half of delays each day.
Once operations are underway, the FedEx hub can be anticipated to produce
strong linkage effects in the Piedmont Triad counties, such as Stokes, and will create an
atmosphere that will be very supportive of new and existing industry investment. We
firmly lend our support to the parallel runway due to the positive impact it would have for
FedEx, additional airport tenants, and the economic potential it would create.
Sincerely,
Ron Morgan, Director
POST OFFICE BOX 1150
KING, NORTH CAROLINA 27021
336.983-8468 ti FAX [phone]
stokes n ols.net
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT
THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and
$10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average
$160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Maw
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by
installing "hush kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the ToWW OF M 61LEAD strongly
encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 14 r#4 day of 1998.
M0
a
Resolution #98-238
TOWN OF ELON COLLEGE
SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT
THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9 and $10
per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160
million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after 10 years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Magazine
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in which
they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennesee; by installing
"hush kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate Community
Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Elon College Board of Aldermen strongly
encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted, this the 8th day of September, 1998. •
Beth Schmidt, Mayor
AT T:j
Sabrina M. Oliver, CMC, Town Clerk
Eden Chamber of Commerce
RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF
INCENTIVES FOR FEDERAL EXPRESS
WHEREAS.. Federal Express has announced its intention to locate. its. major southeast hub
at the Piedmont Triad International Airport; and
WHEREAS the location of this hub in our area will create more than 1,500 jobs with full
time positions averaging $34,000 a year and part-time positions paying more than $8 per
hour with full benefits; and
WHEREAS the fact that this facility is located in our region will support all industries for
whom timely delivery is a critical factor in the success of their operations; and
WHEREAS the location of such a hub will attract new businesses to the entire Piedmont
Triad area; and
WHEREAS the incentive package under consideration will be more than offset by the
investments to be made by Federal Express in locating the hub at our airport, and they
should be considered important investments in the future of our area and indeed the entire
state;
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Eden Chamber of Commerce
welcomes the-location of anew southeastern hub for Federal Express to the Piedmont
Triad International Airport and requests the General Assembly of the State of North
Carolina approve the incentive package offered by the North Carolina Department of
Commerce in due order.
Adopted this 16th day of June, 1998.
B 0?,U(Ui?d
Brant Barnwell
Chairman of the Board
Eden Chamber of Commerce
678 South Van Buren Road • Eden, North Carolina 27288 • 910-623-3336
RESOLUTION WELCOMING FEDERAL EXPRESS
WHEREAS, Federal Express has announced its intentions to locate its major
southeast hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport; and
WHEREAS, the location of this hub in our area will create more than 1,500 jobs
with full time positions averaging $34,000.00 a year and part-time positions paying
more than $8.00 per hour including full benefits; and
WHEREAS, this facility being located in the Piedmont Triad Region of North
Carolina will support many industries and is a critical factor in the success of their
operations; and
WHEREAS, the location of such a hub will attract new businesses to the entire
Piedmont Triad area; and
WHEREAS, the investments to be made by Federal Express in locating this hub at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport, will be important investments to the future
of our area and indeed the entire state;
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Mayor and Town Council of
the Town of Mayodan welcomes the location of a new southeastern hub for Federal
Express to the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 10th day of August, 1998.
ATTEST:
y . Bullins, Mayor
?,J. A '- g- I - , A a -.a-,A g
My 'ce S. Moore, Town Clerk

RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT
THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad international Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and
$10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average
$160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Magazine
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by
installing "hush kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service A xard by the Porn*,s of T.,ight Foundation An 1996 and
.7 L
Town of Denton
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Board of Commissioners strongly
encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 17tbday ofAu us 1998.
RESOLUTION 98039 OF THE LEWISVILLE TOWN COUNCIL
RELATING TO SUPPORT OF ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR FEDERAL EXPRESS
WHEREAS, Federal Express has made the decision to locate its' Mid-Atlantic hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport; and
WHEREAS, their location in the Piedmont Triad Area is dependant upon the approval of an economic
development incentive package negotiated by the North Carolina Department of Commerce; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express is the premier overnight shipping and delivery company in the world; and
WHEREAS, previous Federal Express hubs have attracted thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in
additional revenue from expansion and recruitment of other industries who desire to be in close proximity,
and
WHEREAS, Federal Express will employee approximately 1,500 workers in full-time and part-time
positions providing competitive salaries and excellent benefits; and
WHEREAS, each previous Federal Express hub has elevated the ranking of airports in which they were
located into the top 30 cargo facilities in the world; and
WHEREAS, :his location to the Piedmont Triad will affect a 60-mile radius of the airport and thus produce
a higher tax base and quality jobs in the local area;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT THE LEWISVILLE TOWN COUNCIL supports
the passage of the economic incentive package for Federal Express by the North Carolina General Assembly,
and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED THAT THE LEWISVILLE TOWN COUNCIL appreciates the, efforts
of Governor Hunt, the North Carolina General Assembly, and the Department of Commerce in striving to
improve the standard of living and quality of life for those living in the Piedmont Triad Area; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED THAT THE LEWISVILLE TOWN COUNCIL directs that a copy of
this resolution be forwarded to the Governor's Office, members of the North Carolina General Assembly,
and the Secretary of Commerce.
Adopted this the 9th day of July, 1998 by the LewisviIle Town Councfl.
ATTEST
Karen Vestal, Town Clerk IL ?°???? M Robert G. Stebbins, Mayor
RESOLUTION OF SUPPORT
Resolution Number 96 - R - !
WHEREAS, FedEx has made the decision to locate its' Mid-Atlantic hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport; and
WHEREAS, Their location in the Piedmont Triad Area is dependent upon the approval of an
economic development incentive package negotiated by the North Carolina Department of
Commerce Executive Committee; and
WHEREAS, Previous FedEx hubs have attracted thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in
additional revenue from expansion and recruitment of other industries who desire to be in close
proximity; and
WHEREAS, FedEx will employee approximately 1,500 persons in full- and part-time positions
providing competitive salaries and excellent benefits; and
WHEREAS, Each previous FedEx hub has elevated the airports in which they were located into the
top 30 cargo facilities in the world, and
WHEREAS, This location to the Piedmont Triad will affect a 60-mile radius of the airport and thus
produce a higher tax base and quality jobs in all five Northwest Piedmont Counties.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, That the Village of Clemmons supports the passage of
the economic incentive package for FedEx by the North Carolina General Assembly.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That the Board of Delegates appreciates the efforts of Governor
Hunt, the North Carolina General Assembly and the Department of Commerce in striving to improve
the standard of living and quality of life for those living in the Piedmont Triad Area, and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution be forwarded this to the North
Carolina Office of the Governor, members of the North Carolina General Assembly, the North
Carolina Secretary of Commerce, Region 1 member governments, and all other individuals who have
authority to or interest in this matter.
This 22nd day of June, 1998.
William C. McGee, Jr., Mayor
Attest:
s VP
Su a V. Prince, Clerk
?_'F
J?
?Knrt4 Qlarnlirttt C?EYt$rrzl ss$mlrlg
':;Senafe Clllrzmbrer
1tatz IEZe Iatifxe puilain
2Rttlei.S4 27681-ZOUS
SENATOR JIM PHILLIPS, SR. COMMITTEES:
23RD DISTRICT
APPROPRIATIONS
OFFICE ADDRESS: 628 LEGISLATIVE OFFICE BUILDING HUMAN RESOURCES
RALEIGH, N.C. 27601-2808 AGRICULTURE/ENVIRONMENT/NATURAL RESOURCES
TELEPHONE: [phone] August 19, 1998 CHILDREN AND HUMAN RESOURCES
(919) 733-31 13 FAX FINANCE
HOME ADDRESS: 400 WESTERN BOULEVARD RULES
LEXINGTON, N.C. 27295
Mr. Tommy Roberts, Project manager
Federal Aviation Administration,
Atlanta Airport District Office
1701 Columbia Avenue, Suite 2-260
College Park, Georgia 30337-2746
Dear Mr. Roberts:
I sincerely regret that I was unable to attend the Monday, August 17, 1998 public
hearing in Greensboro, North Carolina. The North Carolina Senate remains in session
and that business had to prevail.
Mr. Roberts, I was a strong supporter and continue to be of the opportunities
made available by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1998. I supported this legislation
because it makes opportunities like The Fed Ex Project possible.
In the North Carolina Senate I represent part of the neighboring County of
Davidson. I am convinced that this project will create other new businesses, jobs and
opportunities for the citizens that I represent.
I would hope that you and your staff would recognize the many positives in this
project and make a favorable determination on the Environmental Impact Study. Thank
you for allowing me to express my support.
Sincerely,
Sim hi ps, Sr.
Senator

#, r
CITY OF KING
RESOLUTION NO. 18-98
IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT THE
PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for which
Federal Express and other companies may qualify; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the Piedmont
Triad International Airport; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and $10.00 per
hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed; and
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the next
decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million; and
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160
million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Magazine
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in which
they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by installing "hush
kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate Community Service Award by
the Points of Light Foundation in 1996.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the King City Council strongly encourages the
Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 8.. day.,-;of SEPTEMBER
w
V
` N'0 RTH e
-
t
A*EST:
111O 11t
J
lene 11 Massie - City Clerk
1998.
N f% 0
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED STATE TAX AMENDMENTS TO LOCATE THE
FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, Governor Hunt has indicated his support for proposed legislation authorizing an
additional $62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of
$142.3 million for which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage of between $9.00 and $10.00
per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million, some of which could
be in Davie County;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business also estimates that the total regional economic impact
of the Federal Express facility will average $160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4
billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune, Mother
Jones and the National Minority Business Council for creating a good work environment for its
employees; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong corrunitment to the communities in which
they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee, by developing
"hush kits" to make planes quieter and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate Conununity
Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996: and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Davie County Board of Commissioners
strongly encourages the North Carolina General Assembly to approve the proposed tax amendment
legislation to enable Federal Express to site its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport.
Adopted this the 15th day of June, 1998.
_7L
Brenda Hunter, Clerk
r'seph A. ong, Chairman

RESOLUTION
In Support of the Proposed Federal Express Mid-Atlantic Hub
at the Piedmont Triad International Airport
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed
legislation authorizing $62.3 million in state tax exemptions or
credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million
square-foot facility on 175 acres reflecting an initial capital
investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-
time employees (at an average salary of $34,000 per year) and 525
part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and $10.00
per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation
is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North
Carolina at Greensboro estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent
jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the next
decade generating a total annual household income of over $65
million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal
Express facility will average $160 million per year with a
cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized
nationally by Fortune Magazine for creating a good work
environment for its employees, and a no lay-off policy;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to
the communities in which they are located by initiating an Adopt-
A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by installing "hush kits"
to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in
Corporate Community Service Award by the Points of Light
Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Town Council of
Yanceyville strongly encourages the Federal Aviation
Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
r !I 1'?
Adopted this the 6th day of October, 1998.
(SEAL)
Curtis E. avis, Mayor
Town of Yanceyville
ATTEST:
C.
Steve Smith
Town Clerk
(TOWN SEAL)
I •i F
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED STATE TAX AMENDMENTS TO LOCATE THE
FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT THE PIEDMONT TRIAD
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, Governor Hunt has indicated his support for proposed legislation authorizing an
additional $62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of
$142.3 million for which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and
$10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business also estimates that the total regional economic
impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160 million per year with a cumulative
impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune, Mother
Jones and the National Minority Business Council for creating a good work environment for its
employees; and
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee, by
developing "hush kits" to make planes quieter and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Piedmont Triad Partnership strongly
encourages the North Carolina General Assembly to approve the proposed tax amendment
legislation to enable Federal Express to site its Mid-Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad
International Airport.
Adopted this the 10"' day of June, 1998.
Darrell Frye, Chairm Ke y oore, Pre ' ent
y,, to-
RESOLUTION
IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB AT
THE PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, the North Carolina General Assembly has passed legislation authorizing $62.3
million in state tax exemptions or credits for a total tax incentive package of $142.3 million for
which Federal Express and other companies may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on 175
acres reflecting an initial capital investment of between $230 million and $300 million at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring 225 full-time employees (at an average
salary of $34,000 per year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between $9.00 and
$10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected to double when the operation is completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be created in the Piedmont Triad Region in the
next decade generating a total annual household income of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the total regional economic impact of the Federal Express facility will average
$160 million per year with a cumulative impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recognized nationally by Fortune Maw
for creating a good work environment for its employees; and a no lay-off policy.
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong commitment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-A-School program in Memphis, Tennessee; by
installing "hush kits" to make planes quieter; and by receiving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Foundation in 1996; and
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Graham City Council strongly
encourages the Federal Aviation Administration to approve the Federal Express site for its Mid-
Atlantic Hub at the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
Adopted this the 1st day of Sept-1998. .
I L. h a* C 1 C (` Ite
A ma Victor E. Euliss
i
High oint Economic Development Corporation
P.O. Bose 230 ? High Point, NC 27261
[phone] ? [phone]
FAX
To. Mr, John Dorney
NCDENR
Division arWater Quality
Wetiands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Ralei , NC 27699-16Z1
Fax: [phone]
CC:
Nk*er of pages including cover sheet
3
REMA MSl ? Urgmt ? For your review Reply ASAP ? Please Comment
i
9/26/00
+m: HYEDC
Steve Smotherman
Economic Development Corporation
September 26, 2004
Mr. John Dorney
NC Dept of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Dear Mr. Dorney,

Enclosed is a resolution adopted by the Board of Director of the High Point Economic
Development Corporation in June 1998 indicating suppor? for state tax incentives for the
proposed Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub at the Piedmont Triad international Airport (PM)'
Our support of the project remains overwhelmingly stroa4 for the ?• The resolution states
many positive aspects of Fed Ex at that time: creating n. ' ed jabs both at the hub and in the
Piedmont Triad region, and demonstrating'wbat an excell t corporate citizen Fed Ex will be to
region.
Since 1998, two additional independent economic analys regarding the hub have been
conducted. All three analyses indicate that the overall ec notnic impact of the fed Ex hub will be
between S.8 billion and $1.6 billion during its first 10 yea? of operation. The total number of
full-time and part-time jobs to be created by the hub and 'I's spillover effect are estimated between
1,300 and 2,500 jobs with an average yearly payroll of between $23 and $36 million-again
during its first 10 of operation. Fed Ex will serve as a =cyst for higb-paying and high-tech jobs
to replace the loss of traditional jobs in the tobacco, textil?s, apparel and furniture industries.
It is our hope that the Division of Wetlands unit of the Di?rision of Water Quality at the N.C.
Department of the Environment and Natural Resources 11 consider the tremendous economic
benefits of the proposed Fed Ex Mid-Atlantic hub at There should be a fair, reasonable
and expeditious means of allowing this development whi minimizing its impact on wetlands
and water quality.
Thank you for your prompt review and fair
Quality Certificate.
issuing the Section 401 Water
Sincerely,
Aki-V 7?dAoq
Robert McInnis
Chairman
Enclosure
P .O. Box 230 ? High Point, NC 272614 [phone] 0 F1„' [phone] ? TDD# [phone]
Economic Dev

IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED STATE TAX AI#NDMENTS TO LOCATE THE
FEDERAL EXPRESS MID-ATLANTIC HUB T THE PIEDMONT TRIAD
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
WHEREAS, Governor Hunt has indicated his support for proposed legislation authorizing an
additional $62.3 million in state tax exemptions or credits t-es a total tax incentive package of
3142.3 million for which Federal Express and othep may qualify;
WHEREAS, Federal Express is expected to construct a one-million square-foot facility on
175 acres reflecting an initial capital investment of betwcou,oLJJ million and $300 million at
the Piedmont Triad International Airport;
WHEREAS, Federal Express anticipates initially hiring x,25 full-time employees (at an
average salary of $34,000 pcr year) and 525 part-time employees (at a wage rate of between
$9.00 and $10.00 per hour) whose numbers are expected m double when the operation is
completed;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business at the Unive ity of North Carolina at Greensboro
estimates that 3,200 full-time equivalent jobs will be crest in the Piedmont Triad Region in
the next decade generating a total annual household inco of over $65 million;
WHEREAS, the Bryan School of Business also estimat that the total regional economic
impact of the Federal Express facility will average $160 mkuion per year with a cumulative
impact of $2.4 billion after ten years of operation;
WHEREAS, Federal Express has been consistently recogmized nationally by Fortune, MQthe2
j= and the National Minority Business Council for Brea g a good work environment for its
employees; and M
WHEREAS, Federal Express has demonstrated strong c".tment to the communities in
which they are located by initiating an Adopt-a-School pr ram in Memphis, Tennessee, by
developing "hush kits' to make planes quieter and by rece ving an Excellence in Corporate
Community Service Award by the Points of Light Founda d on in 1996;
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the
Corporation overwhelmingly encourages the North Carol
proposed tax amendment legislation to enable Federal Ex
the Piedmont Triad International Airport.
ter; ?- -
7Adop ay of June, 1998.
Nido Qu f''8hauman Ke'
gh Point Economic Development
General Assembly to approve the
is to site its Mid-Atlantic Hub at
7ohnson,
P.O. Box 230 ? High Point, NC 27261 # [phone] 0 F4 [phone] ? TDD# [phone]
PIEDMONT TRIAD Alamance Caswell Davidson Davie Forsyth Guilford Montgomery Randolph Rockingham Stokes Surry Yadkin
PARTNERSHIP -
September 25, 2000

Mr. John Dorney S C-X
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Unit
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
RE: Piedmont Triad International Airport 401 Water Quality Certification
Dear Mr. Dorney:
I write this letter to support the issuance of the 401 water quality certification necessary
for the construction of a parallel runway and Federal Express improvements at the
Piedmont Triad International Airport. As a regional airport, PTIA plays an important part
in the economic vitality of the Piedmont Triad's twelve county region.
Since the early 1970s, the airport authority's long range planning has included the future
construction of a parallel runway. The decision by Federal Express to locate a regional
sorting facility at PTIA provides the needed impetus to begin the runway construction
process. The Piedmont Triad International Airport is a vital link to the region's
emergence as a manufacturing-transportation-distribution cluster.
The Federal Express Hub can be a significant catalyst to provide economic growth in
advanced manufacturing and distribution. Its potential economic impact to the
surrounding rural counties of Caswell, Davie, Montgomery, Rockingham, Stokes, Surry
and Yadkin counties is significant due to the major interstate highways that center around
the airport and spread throughout the region. A comprehensive transportation-distribution
system now has the potential to be established.
As a member of the Mocksville Town Board and citizen of the Piedmont Triad region, I
respectfully request that the State of North Carolina, through your Division, support this
project through the issuance of the 401 water quality certification necessary for
construction of the proposed runway and FedEx improvements. Thank you for your
consideration.
Sincerely
H. Lee Rollins
Vice President Marketing
7614 Business Park Drive, Greensboro, NC 27409, PH [phone], [phone], P4X [phone]
P1E1 I 0 TRIA Alamance Caswell Davidson Davie Forsyth Guilford,ifontgomeryRandolph Rockingham Stokes Surry Yadkin
PARTNERSHIP
September 23, 2000
Mr. John Dorney
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality Gam'
Wetlands/401 Unit 1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
RE: Piedmont Triad International Airport 401 Water Quality Certification
Dear John:
In February I moved from Carteret County to Winston-Salem to assume the
position of President and CEO of the Piedmont Triad Partnership, a regional economic
development organization representing 12 counties and approximately 1.4 million
residents. The region contains a variety of urban, semi-urban and rural counties, some of
which are very economically distressed. I have had an opportunity over the last seven
months to understand the importance of the Piedmont Triad International Airport (PTIA)
to the economy of this entire region. I have also been very involved in the effort to
recruit the new Federal Express mid-Atlantic sorting facility to PTIA.
I have reviewed the draft EIS and the information publicly available on wetland
and water quality impacts from the proposed new parallel runway. I have also reviewed
the two studies (in addition to the FAA analysis) that have looked at the economic
impacts of the FedEx project. I have enclosed a copy of an excellent study undertaken by
Regional Technology Strategies of Chapel Hill that was funded by the Z. Smith Reynolds
Foundation and the Joseph M. Bryan Foundation. This study describes the need for the
new FedEx hub in the Piedmont Triad region and the potential economic benefits from
the project.
There is no question in my mind that the FedEx facility and related runway are
critical to the economic future of this region. The well-paying manufacturing jobs that
have supported hundreds of thousands of families in this region are being lost, and the
jobs that are being created are disproportionately in the low-wage service sector. Over
the last eight years the occupations that have experienced the largest number of job
increases are retail salespersons, janitors and cleaners, cashiers, waiters and waitresses,
and general office clerks. As the RTS study indicates, the FedEx hub offers the potential
for thousands of new high-wage technology jobs, as well as many jobs in assembly and
distribution that will offer decent employment opportunities for those person dislocated
by the layoffs occurring in the textile, apparel, furniture and cigarette industries.
Rusiness Park Drive, Greensboro, NC 27409, PH [phone], [phone], MX [phone]

Mr. John Dorney
September 23, 2000
Page Two
I strongly believe that the parallel runway is essential to optimize the benefits of
PTIA to this region, now and in the future. The new runway is an explicit condition of
Federal Express choosing to locate their new mid-Atlantic hub in the Piedmont Triad
region. The wetland and water quality impacts of this project are minimal and are far
outweighed by the economic benefits from the FedEx hub, and more importantly, the
other companies that will likely follow FedEx to the Piedmont Triad region.
I respectfully request that the State of North Carolina, through your Division,
support this project through the issuance of the 401 water quality certification necessary
for construction of the proposed runway and FedEx improvements. Thank you for your
consideration, and please contact me if you have any questions or need any additional
information on the economic impacts of this project.
Sincerely,

Donald A.. Kirkman
President and CEO
PIEDMONT TRIAD
PARTMERSHIP
Irk= Donald A. Kirkman, CED
President and CEO
7614 Business Park Drive, Greensboro, NC 27409
Email: [e-mail] Home Page: piedmonttriadnc.com
336-668-4556 • 800-669-4556 • Fax [phone]

;Federal

Express in, the
Piedmont Triad
? Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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' R E G I O N A L
TECHNOLOGY
t STRATEGIES, INC.

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Federal Express in the
Piedmont Triad
Economic Impacts and Opportunities
A report by
Regional Technology Strategies
for the
Joseph M. Bryan Foundation of Greater
Greensboro, Inc.
and the
Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation
November 16,1999
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Regional Technology Strategies, Inc.
205 Lloyd Street, Suite 210 67 Leonard Street, Suite 1
Carrboro, NC 27510 Belmont, MA 02478
[phone] [phone]

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Preface
r-r his report was prepared by Regional Technology Strategies, Inc. based on
research and analysis undertaken over eight months from March through
October 1999. The work was commissioned by the Joseph M. Bryan Foun-
dation of Greater Greensboro, Inc. and the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation of
Winston-Salem. Its purpose is to examine the proposed establishment by Fed-
eral Express of a regional air shipment facility at the Piedmont Triad Airport and
to determine the economic impacts and opportunities arising from the project.
The foundations asked us to look objectively at the challenges and possibilities
and report our findings directly to citizens of the region.
RTS is a tax-exempt non-profit organization [501(c) (3)j incorporated in 1991.
RTS is headquartered in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and one of is principals is
based in Belmont, Massachusetts. The mission of RTS is to improve the standard
of living in the United States through assisting with responsible regional eco-
nomic development and strengthening the social foundations that shape eco-
nomic change. RTS promotes development strategies that both help people ac-
quire the skills, behaviors and values for high wage employment and help busi-
nesses compete successfully in high value markets where returns to investors,
employees and communities are the greatest.
Brian Bosworth, one of the RTS principals, managed this project. J. Trent
Williams, a second RTS principal, and Eric Foreman, Associate, made huge con-
tributions to the research and analysis.
Partnering with RTS on the project was a team of researchers from the Cen-
ter for Urban and Regional Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. Dr. Edward Feser directed the UNC effort while Henry Renski, a doctoral
student at UNC, acted as project manager. Richard DeBose provided support
assembling data.
This has been a complex study calling for analysis and interpretation of an
enormous amount of information. We thank the dozens of individuals who as-
listed us.
Regional Technology Strategies, Inc.
November 16,1999

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ii Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities I

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I Contents
I Overview of Report and Summary of Findings .......................................1
Organization of the Report .................................................................................. 2
Our Ten Most Important Findings ..................................................................... 3
1. A Quick Primer on the FedEx Hub in the Piedmont Triad ............... 7
The FedEx System .................................................................................................. 7
The Mid-Atlantic Hub ........................ ...............................................................
Advantages of Proximity to Hub Operations ................................................. . 9
11
2. The Piedmont Triad Region: Conditions, Trends and Prospects ... 13
The Demographic Picture .................................................................................. 14
Population ........................................................................................................ 14
Income .............................................................................................................. 15
The Economic Base .............................................................................................. 16
The Manufacturing Core ...............................::.............................................. 17
The Private Sector, Non-manufacturing Base ...........................................
Economic Restructuring and Transition: Future Prospects ......................... 22
25
Manufacturing Trends ...................................................................................
Non-manufacturing Trends .......................................................................... 26
28
Economic Issues in Summary ............................................................................ 30
Trends in Land Use and Infrastructure ........................................................... 31
The Evolving Spatial Structure .................................................................... 32
Transportation Infrastructure ....................................................................... 34
Air Quality ....................................................................................................... 38
Water ................................................................................................................. 41
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities iii

3. The Economic Impact of the FedEx Hub ............................................ 43
Methodology ........................................................................................................ 45
Direct Impacts and Model Assumptions ......................................................... 45
Construction .................................................................................................... 46
Operations ....................................................................................................... 48
Impact Estimation ................................................................................................ 51
Findings in Detail ................................................................................................. 53
Why Our Results Differ from GACC's ............................................................ 56
Comparable Results ....................................................................................... 57
Differences in Information and Assumptions ........................................... 60
In Summary .......................................................................................................... 62
4. Downstream Economic Impacts and Opportunities ........................ 65
Emerging Trends .................................................................................................. 65
Transportation Inter-Dependencies ................................................................. 70
A Manufacturing-Transportation-Distribution Cluster ................................ 72
Economic Impacts of Downstream Investments ........................................... 75
5. Economic Impacts of Downstream Investments .............................. 77
Strategic Directions .............................................................................................. 79
Notes .............................................................................................................. 81
Appendix: Economic Trends by Detailed Sector .................................. 85
iv Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
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Overview of Report and
Summary of Findings
Purpose of the Report: In April 1998, Federal Express announced that it
would establish a major air hub and package sorting facility at the Pied-
mont Triad Airport. Regional Technology Strategies, Inc. has been asked
by the Joseph M. Bryant Foundation of Greater Greensboro, Inc. and the Z. Smith
Reynolds Foundation to determine the long range economic impacts and oppor-
tunities for the region that might be stimulated by the new FedEx hub. This is
our report.

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Two important caveats are in order. First, we have not attempted a formal
cost benefit analysis. Our report focuses on the immediate economic impacts of
the FedEx investment and the longer-term economic opportunities that will arise
from downstream investments by companies seeking to capitalize on the devel-
opment of a national priority air shipping center. The Federal Aviation Authority
has commissioned an Environmental Impact Study that will assess new demands
on public services as well as measure a wide range of impacts of the planned
FedEx facility on the regional environment.
Second, it must be acknowledged up front that this report deals with prob-
abilities and possibilities, not certainties. FedEx is a very good company, well
regarded for its long-term strategic planning capabilities. But change in trans-
portation and distribution industries will be as rapid as in any sector of the global
economy. The rapid growth of Internet-facilitated commerce, changes in infor-
mation technologies, shifting corporate strategies surrounding the management
of supply chains and inventories, and continued innovations in logistics tech-
nologies and management mean that the planned FedEx hub cannot be viewed
as a static operation. Moreover, the companies we believe most likely to be at-
tracted to and grow in the Piedmont Triad as the new distribution hub develops
are themselves subject to rapid changes in production technology and in global
demand conditions. On the other hand, the trends of change in these industries
would be generally favorable to a thoughtfully planned and well executed strat-
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

egy of optimizing the FedEx investment through the development of a major
regional distribution hub in the Piedmont Triad.
Therefore, this fluid environment does not diminish what we see as pros-
pects for enormous economic change and opportunity for citizens in the Pied-
mont Triad. The impacts might be less than we forecast in some areas, but the
opportunities might be even greater in other areas. The critical thing is that the
region must develop an aggressive, proactive, and flexible economic develop-
ment strategy that can seize new opportunities as they emerge and extract eco-
nomic advantage from a constantly shifting environment.
Organization of the Report
This report is divided into five chapters, preceded by this Overview and Sum-
mary. Chapter One reviews the FedEx project itself. It summarizes what we
have learned from officials at FedEx about their investment plans and opera-
tional forecasts for the Piedmont Triad hub. It discusses how this hub will be
different than other FedEx hubs and it describes the characteristics of this new
hub that could give economic advantage to firms clustering near it.
Chapter Two presents the general regional demographic and economic
framework from which to view and assess the immediate and downstream im-
pacts of the FedEx hub location. It discusses the significance of the industrial
shift underway in the Triad and characterizes land use related trends that have a
direct and important bearing on the region's economic efficiency and quality of life.
Chapter Three turns to the central question of the economic impacts of the
new FedEx investment on the regional economy. It estimates the impacts from
construction and operations on regional economic output, personal income, and
jobs. It explains differences between our estimates and others made previously.
Chapter Four considers the wider economic impact of firms likely to be at-
tracted to the Piedmont as the transportation and distribution cluster emerges
and it provides a basis for understanding economic impacts of these "downstream
investments."
A brief final Chapter Five summarized our important findings and identi-
fies what we see as the most important strategic issues facing the region as it
seeks to optimize the opportunities before it.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
1

Our Ten Most Important Findings
i
A challenge to RTS in this project has been to condense an enormous amount of
quantitative and qualitative data into a readable and informative report. Our
priority has been to present the information, but we have not hesitated to inter-
pret it as well. Still, we are concerned that our most important findings could get
lost in the details. Therefore, we offer the following set of ten key points in an
effort to focus attention on what we see as the most important findings from our
work.
1. We estimate that the total ten-year economic impact of the FedEx facility
on the Piedmont Triad will be about $1.67 billion. This is about 30 percent
less than previous estimates prepared for the Greensboro Area Chamber
i of Commerce. We regard this difference as important but not dramatic,
given that we had access to more complete and more recent data and
had the time to dig deeper. Compare this also with the fact that annual
wages and salaries paid out just by private sector employers in the Triad
amounts to about $18.8 billion.
2. The potential economic impact of the "downstream investment"from com-
panies attracted to the emergence of an advanced technolbgy transporta-
tion and distribution cluster in the Triad dwarfs the immediate economic
j impact of the FedEx project itself. The FedEx investment is the critical
first step - the catalyst. But the big story is what happens after.
h
ere
3. FedEx has been an important stimulus to growth in the other regions w
it has located a hub. Indianapolis, Memphis, and Alliance, Texas each
have attracted a considerable volume of economic activity and jobs that
can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of FedEx hubs in those
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regions. But the important lesson to learn from other FedEx hub loca-
tions is how transportation inter-dependencies among similar and
complementary businesses have been leveraged by well-developed trans-
portation and logistics infrastructure to create powerful magnets that
attract and spawn high technology, high value, and high wage transpor-
- tation sensitive businesses. That is the prize for the Piedmont Triad.
h
b
h
ipment
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4. In the short run, the establishment by FedEx of a priority air s
in the Triad will advantage chiefly other businesses that need to distribute
j packages into East Coast locations. However, the attractiveness of the
other hubs for transportation-sensitive companies is not simply due to
direct advantages businesses can gain from proximity. Instead, it de-
rives from the combination of diversity in shipping options (both by mode
and carrier), good accessibility and proximity to growing markets, the
clustering of shipping and logistics activity and related specialized ex-
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

3
pertise, and very careful attention to transportation and environmental
infrastructure. That is the challenge for the Piedmont Triad.
5. The Piedmont Triad needs this new development. The regional economy
is not doing well and, in the absence of new stimulus to growth, it looks
as though things could get worse.
Job growth is not keeping pace with the rest of North Carolina and
wage growth is falling back In 1989, the Triad's average wage was
103 percent of the North Carolina average. By 1998, it had fallen to
99 percent of the state average (North Carolina is not a high wage
state) and it is well behind the Triangle and the Carolinas regions.
• Steady declines in earnings from the historic manufacturing base
(textiles and apparels, furniture, and tobacco) are not being offset
by gains in other value producing sectors.
• Most private sector job growth is in low wage services; a lot of that
in non-wealth producing retail.
• The advanced technology-based manufacturing and services that
are driving growth in other vibrant metro regions of North Caro-
lina and the nation have not emerged in the Triad.
• In recent years, strong economic growth has generated replacement
jobs for workers laid off in the tobacco, furniture, and textiles and
apparel industries. However, a slowing of growth nationally could
quickly change that scenario, making the development of a new
competitive base for the region imperative.
6. These economic changes have diverse impacts throughout the 12 counties
that make up the Piedmont Triad. Some are- hit especially hard by the
declines in tobacco. For others counties, the steady erosion of jobs in
textiles and apparels is the hardest problem. But, the bottom line is that
all parts of the region are in this together. All are suffering the negative
effects of slow growth and eroding industrial base.
Z Most FedEx customers use other shippers as well. Present trends in ship-
ping demand indicate that FedEx and similar shipping companies will
seek to optimize and expand lower cost surface delivery capabilities. That
means the hub operations are likely to become increasingly multi-modal
with expansion of two-day, truck delivery. Over time, FedEx may well
use the Triad facility as a hub for surface shipping in addition to priority
air, but, even if it does not, the needs of FedEx customers will drive the
emergence of other transport alternatives in the Triad.
4
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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8. Trends in electronic commerce will make speed and flexibility of produc-
tion, transportation and distribution even more important. This will com-
bine with tighter linkages between customers and suppliers to create more
economic advantage for companies locating new major transportation
hubs. These trends are especially important to companies producing
advanced technology, high value-added goods and services where car-
rying large inventory is enormously costly.
9. There is nothing automatic about the emergence of this advanced technol-
ogy transportation and distribution cluster in the Triad. The FedEx project
makes it possible, but, in and of itself, it is no guaranty of economic pros-
perity. Land use constraints - traffic and transportation infrastructure,
air quality, and water availability - will be important challenges if the
opportunities posed by FedEx are to be realized (although virtually any
kind of economic change will impact these same land use issues). On
the other hand, in optimizing the transportation and distribution advan-
tages of the region, leaders in the Triad have the opportunity to deal
more effectively with environmental and growth management issues that
plague much of the rest of North Carolina. The advanced technology,
high value-adding companies likely be attracted to a transportation and
distribution cluster in the Triad are the very companies most likely to be
influenced positively by smart growth strategies that avoid congestion,
prevent sprawl, and protect the environment.
10. Economic development led by an advanced technology transportation and
distribution cluster in the Triad puts a special premium on something that
government and business leaders throughout the Triad historically have
not been good at- regional cooperation. This is not a development strat-
egy where the traditional "every community for itself" approach will
work for any. Now is the time to start building effective mechanism of
ambitious inter-jurisdictional cooperation.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
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Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities I

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CHAPTER ONE
A Quick Primer on the FedEx Hub
in the Piedmont Triad
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n order to understand the economic opportunities that may result from the
FedEx hub in the Piedmont Triad, it is important to have a clear view of how
FedEx currently views the hub as fitting into its national and international
operations. A brief review of company's structure of national hubs, regional hubs,
and regional sorting "sub-hubs" facilities will facilitate this view.
It is important that the reader understand two things at the outset. First,
this is our interpretation of FedEx plans and the role of the Triad within those
plans. It is based on discussions with FedEx officials, conversations with experts
on transportation and shipping issues, and published reports from newspapers
and periodicals. Second, we have become impressed with how quickly and sig-
nificantly national and international economic trends can generate change in the
shipping and logistics industry. We think those trends inevitably will affect FedEx
plans for the Triad hub in ways that are not clear now, even to FedEx. This ap-
plies to other sections of this report as well.
The FedEx System

P-?

The head and heart of FedEx are in Memphis. They are almost certain to stay
there. FedEx officials expect that, in addition to serving as its headquarters, Mem-
phis will continue to serve as the main national and international operations hub
for FedEx, exemplifying the hub and spoke concept that is at the core of the FedEx
system. However, because the Memphis hub is relatively old and its physical
layout is sub-optimal, it is near or at capacity and would be very difficult to expand.
Memphis is now very near to its maximum piece count capacity (number of
packages that can be sorted in a given time period) of 145,000 pieces per hour. It
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 7

would be very difficult to significantly add to the current Memphis flight total of
140 flights per day (that is, 140 arrivals and 140 departures).
Indianapolis is seen as FedEx's second national hub. Its essential purpose
is to relieve pressure on the Memphis facility, playing a very similar national hub
role. But, the Indy facility has only gradually evolved to that role. FedEx bought
the site in Indianapolis from Purolator Courier when Purolator left the shipping
business in the mid-1980s. The hub became operational for FedEx in 1987 with
about 200 employees. At that time, the company had no plan of national or re-
gional hubs in the sophisticated form that exists today. FedEx simply needed
another location to handle overflow from Memphis. The transition from a
Purolator facility to a FedEx facility was relatively seamless, so there was little of
the fanfare that has greeted more recent announcements about the new facilities
in Texas and North Carolina. There was no major initial investment subsidy or
incentives package for FedEx from state or local officials.
It was not until the early 1990s that the full need and opportunity for emer-
gence of the Indianapolis hub as a virtual "clone" of the Memphis hub became
apparent. Since in the mid-1990s, FedEx operations at Indianapolis have expanded
very quickly. That expansion has been facilitated by strong support from state
and local government officials, usually in the form of support for infrastructure
improvements.
Indianapolis now has a piece count capacity of 80,000 pieces per hour, and
work is already underway on an expansion of facilities that will permit the piece
count capacity to grow to about 135,000 (very close to the capacity of Memphis).
The expansion will take place over the next three to five years.
There are now 3,500 FedEx employees in Indianapolis. It currently has about
83 percent of the domestic connectivity of Memphis. That is, flights to or from
Indianapolis are connected to 83 percent of the airports that are connected to
Memphis. The percentage may creep slightly higher over the next few years, but
the Indianapolis hub is not designed to have precisely the same domestic con-
nectivity as Memphis, nor will it have much at all of the international connec-
tions of Memphis.
In fact, a good deal of the current and projected growth at the Indianapolis
facility is being driven by the rapid expansion of FedEx surface (truck) delivery
for its two day package service. Indianapolis's advantageous location and the
well developed highway system are supporting that growth, but it is being fu-
eled primarily by the market - rapidly growing demand for two day as opposed
to overnight delivery - and by FedEx needs to optimize lower cost surface de-
livery options.
FedEx also operates a number of sub-hubs serving as local/regional sort fa-
cilities. They are located in major metro areas where there is very heavy local/
8 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

regional package traffic, specifically Los Angeles, Chicago, Oakland and New-
ark. All packages sorted at the sub-hub facilities originate and stay in sub-hub
region. They are not designed as throughout hubs like Memphis and Indianapolis.
In contrast, 98 percent of Memphis packages and 95 percent of Indianapolis pack-
ages neither originate nor are destined for their respective regions.
In the past, all packages intended for shipment out of the region where
they originate would have gone to Memphis or Indianapolis where would be
sorted overnight and sent on to the city of destination. But in 1997, after a three
year planning and construction period, FedEx opened a new kind of hub at Alli-
ance Airport in north Fort Worth. The Alliance hub is designed for throughput
operations, not regional sorting. At the same time, it is not designed to serve as a
national hub. Rather, it is intended as a regional operations center, a hub for
package distribution into Southwest and West Coast regions.
The Mid Atlantic Hub
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The Piedmont Triad regional hub, like the Alliance hub, is conceived to handle
packages from and to high growth areas within a regional corridor, in this case
the Southeast. A very large percentage of FedEx's domestic package growth has
been in the Southwest and Southeast. Alliance and Piedmont Triad will support
FedEx's growth in those expanding markets, relieving pressure from Indianapo-
lis and Memphis. Of course, the Triad hub will not open for another five years
and, even when it does, it will function initially at only about one-third of what
FedEx projects will be final optimal capacity.
The sort facilities at the Piedmont Triad regional hub will be developed in
what is described as part one of three part modular plan with the first module
opening in 2005 with a piece count capacity of 24,000 pieces per hour. FedEx
estimates that actual freight traffic will be about 86,000 pieces daily for the first
few years. The next two modules, each having a similar capacity, would come on
line over several following years as market conditions dictate.
There is, of course, no certainty that those additional modules will be de-
veloped. FedEx has made no commitment to public officials in North Carolina
that its operations will exceed the work associated with the first module. How-
ever, it is developing the facility such that the operations could be doubled with
five years of opening and then eventually tripled. FedEx currently estimates
that when that facility opens in 2005, it will be supported by 225 full-time em-
ployees and 525 part-time employees. As additional sort modules come on line,
most new employment would be of part-time workers directly involved in the
night sort operations.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 9

As noted above, the head and heart of FedEx are in Memphis. The vast
share of the company's high wage headquarters and management employment
will stay there. Over time, a few such jobs may migrate to Indianapolis. But, it is
unlikely that the Piedmont Triad will see a large number of high wage manage-
ment jobs when the new hub opens at the airport in the Piedmont Triad. Most of
the management positions based in the Triad (probably less than 50) will be ex-
perienced personnel imported from other FedEx locations. First consideration
will be given to people at Indianapolis and Memphis for whom the Piedmont
Triad job would be a promotion. (Apparently, there is already a waiting list.)
There will be a few non-managerial, technical positions associated with mainte-
nance of sort machinery that are likely to be hired locally.
The night workers will all be local hires. They will usually work 20 to 25
hours per week, generally arriving just before midnight and leaving around 4:30
a.m. after the final plane is unloaded and reloaded. They will be relatively good
part-time jobs. In Indianapolis, for example, the night sorters start at $10 per
hour, but the average wage is $13 per hour. All FedEx employees receive the
same benefit package, including health care (and the Indianapolis employees, by
way of example, can buy dependent care for their whole family for $72 per month).
FedEx also provides education and training incentives for its employees.
According to those familiar with FedEx personnel characteristics, night sort-
ers seem to fall into four categories:
• the "'job hoppers" who take a second, night job for a short time for
a very specific reason (i.e., to get some quick savings or pay off a
debt);
• those who need long-term second income and look for a part-time
night job such as FedEx offers;
• those who are looking for a career-oriented full-time job and see
the sorter position as a way to get their foot in the door at FedEx;
and,
• self-employed people (often farmers, but sometimes people trying
to start their own business), or the spouses of self-employed people,
who are looking primarily for health care and other benefits, and
secondarily for a little extra income.
As described elsewhere in this report, FedEx is moving rapidly to develop
its electronic commerce and advanced logistics capability. It has made huge in-
vestments in information technology over the past several years. Over the next
several years it will certainly expand its technical workforce. However, most of
those new technical positions are likely to stay in Memphis or be located at rela-
tively new technical facilities in Colorado.
10 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
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Because of the long lead times for the distribution hubs, it is difficult to
predict how exact these growth estimates will prove. The Alliance Texas facility
did not grow as rapidly as FedEx had originally projected. That was due chiefly
to the growth of surface delivery over the past three years throughout all FedEx
operations, including very recently at the Alliance facility. Throughout the FedEx
system, surface transportation has grown sharply in the past few years. From
the point of view of FedEx, the shift in reliance toward surface transport (which
is far cheaper than air transport) has been generally good news in that it suggests
greater efficiency from existing investment in sort facility and personnel. How-
ever, it is also one illustration of how future rapid changes in market conditions
and business strategies are bound to have important impacts on FedEx facilities
in the Triad.
Advantages of Proximity to Hub Operations
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As suggested above, the new FedEx facility at Piedmont Triad will be similar to
the Alliance hub in that it will serve a regional function, facilitating the move-
ment of packages north and south along the East Coast. For example, a package
going from New York City to Miami will go through and be sorted at the Pied-
mont Triad hub. But a package going from New York City to St. Louis will still go
through Memphis for the national sort. In fact, a package from the Piedmont
Triad area that is destined for St. Louis would route through the national hub
facility in Memphis or Indianapolis.
That means that a distributor seeking to move packages quickly from east
to west across the country would not necessarily gain a big advantage from relo-
cating nearby the Piedmont Triad hub. However, a FedEx customer seeking to
move packages quickly north and south along the East Coast certainly could find
economic advantage in a Piedmont Triad location. The precise nature of that
advantage warrants a closer look
The only significant benefit to a FedEx customer of a location near one of
the hubs is time. In FedEx parlance, this is expressed as "cut-off time," which
refers to the time of day that a package must be in the hands of FedEx to assure
overnight delivery. A company, or any individual for that matter, using a FedEx
drop box must get the package in a drop box by, say, 5:30 or 6:30 p.m. in order for
the pick-up truck to retrieve it, deliver it to the local airport and get it on the
plane going to the appropriate hub. A company near the airport is slightly closer
to the air shipping point, so merchandise can leave its warehouse or shipping
docks later with reduced travel time and still make the overnight airport cut-off
time to get on the plane to the sorting hub. But for most shippers that is only a
very small difference and a very small advantage. Similarly, being close to the
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 11

airport provides only a very short time advantage when it comes to receipt of
shipments
The more significant advantage (and keep in mind that it is still a very nar-
row window of time) involves proximity to the hub where the shipper's package
actually will be sorted. In Indianapolis, for instance, there are two cut-off times.
One is the Memphis serve cut-off, the time by which the shipper must get the pack-
age to FedEx to get on the plane that leaves for Memphis in order that the pack-
age get sorted there that night and sent on to the destination city. The other is
the Indy serve cut-off for those packages that will be sorted right there in Indy.
Similarly, a FedEx customer in the Piedmont Triad will have two cut-off
times. The first, earlier one will be the Memphis serve cut-off (or Indy serve cut-
off). In this case, a customer in the Triad will have no real advantage over a
customer in any other East Coast city. But the second, later time will be the Pied-
mont Triad serve cut-off for a package that will be sorted locally. In this case, a Triad
location will have an advantage of some hours (four to six, probably) over a loca-
tion in some other city along the East Coast.
This demonstrates that a location close to the Piedmont Triad hub will be
significant for a customer whose shipments are very time sensitive and who is
shipping into the corridor which will be served by the Piedmont Triad hub. If
the customer is shipping into a national market, there would be advantage only
to that portion of the shipments that is east coast focused.
We will return in Chapter Four to a more extensive discussion of what kinds
of firms are likely to find economic advantage in proximity to the Triad FedEx
hub. That discussion will be more informed if we first examine the current status
and trends of change in the economy, demography, and land use of the Pied-
mont region.
12 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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CHAPTER TWO
The Piedmont Triad Region
Conditions, Trends and Prospects
Like most of North Carolina's major regions, the Piedmont Triad faces two
challenges on the eve of the 2151 century. First, it must cultivate new
sources of higher value, higher technology employment and income as
its traditional industries downsize in the face of international competition. Sec-
ond, it must manage that industrial transition in a way that strictly limits sprawl-
ing, low density forms of development, reduces dependence on the automobile,
and provides scope for reversing upward trends in traffic congestion, air pollu-
tion, and per capita water and waste generation. The implications of the FedEx
facility, both in terms of the economic opportunity it represents and the land use
pressures it will bring, can be fully appreciated only in the context of the twin
challenge of industrial transition and "smart" growth.
This chapter provides an analysis of demographic, economic, and land use
trends in the Triad region. It does so with three objectives in mind. First, we
want to present a general regional demographic and economic framework from
which to view and assess the immediate and downstream impacts of the FedEx
hub location. Second, we want to demonstrate the significance of the industrial
shift underway in the Triad. At present, displaced workers from traditional in-
dustries like tobacco, textiles, and furniture are finding work in other relatively
low value, low wage industries. To remain competitive (as well as build wealth),
the region must develop sources of higher value, technology-intensive employ-
ment. Third, we aim to characterize land use related trends that have a direct
and important bearing on the region's economic efficiency and quality of life.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 13

The Demographic Picture
Population
In 1998,1.37 million people, or slightly less than one in five North Carolinians,
called the twelve-county Piedmont Triad home.' Between 1970 and 1990, the
region's population increased by an annual average 1.20 percent, compared to
1.45 percent for the state as a whole and 1.03 percent nationwide. Since 1990, the
'gap between state and Triad population growth rates has widened; North
Carolina's population expanded at an annual average 1.48 percent between 1990
and 1998, compared to 1.12 percent in the Triad. U.S. population growth slowed
in the 1990s to 0.93 percent annually. In general, the long-term population trend
in the Triad has been one of below-average expansion relative to the state and
above-average growth relative to the U.S. The Triad's share of statewide popula-
tion fell modestly from 19 percent in 1990 to 18 percent in 1998.
The fact that other regions (most especially, the Triangle and the Carolinas
regions) are growing more quickly could mean that the Triad is losing popula-
tion to those areas, or that it is not retaining its youth. However, it appears that is
not the case. Of the population growth experienced from 1990 to 1997, 64 per-
cent was due to in-migration - a figure almost identical to the state average of
63 percent but considerably less than the corresponding 13-county Research
Triangle's 72 percent.
Figure 1
Share of Regional Population Growth by County, 1990-98
(Individual county growth rates shown in parentheses)
Surry County to k" County
(8.3X)_ (16.8•bj +G
raingham C"..11 C.
County (I (7.4x)
(4.4X)
kkt County
This grouping of counties contains:
48% of post 1990 growth
31% of post 1990 growth
® 12% of post 1990 growth
? 90/6 of post 1990 growth
County Source: U.S. Census.
(2.8X)
14 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
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While population growth has been relatively steady, it has not been evenly
distributed geographically. Certain counties, including Stokes, Davie, Randolph
and Yadkin have increased at a faster rate than others (Figure 1). Stokes' popula-
tion, for instance, has increased by 80 percent since 1970 and 16 percent (about
1.8 percent annually) since 1990. Meanwhile, several smaller counties (e.g., Mont-
gomery, Rockingham and Caswell) are growing at rates below state averages.
The populations of Guilford and Forsyth are also increasing at rates slightly be-
low the state average-
The relative shifts in population occurring in the region are clearer when
one compares each county's share of population in 1990 with its regional popu-
lation growth over the 1990-98 period. Other things equal, we might predict that
a county with 10 percent of regional population in 1990 would gain 10 percent of
the region's new residents between 1990 and 1998. In fact, Stokes, Yadkin, Davie,
Davidson, Randolph, Guilford, and Alamance all gained larger shares of recent
regional 1990-98 growth than their initial 1990 population share (Figure 2). In
other words, relative population expansion in the Triad during the 1990s has been
strongest in a ring around Winston-Salem and Forsyth County.
Income

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Per capita income in the Triad exceeds North Carolina and Southeast U.S. aver-
ages, though it continues to lag the U.S. average slightly. In 1997, per capita in-
Figure 2
County Population Trends, 1990-98, Triad
Yadkin
S u rry
Stokes
Rockingham
Randolph
Montgomery
Guilford
Forsyth
Davie
Davidson
Caswell
Alamance
40%
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities is
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
come in the Triad was $24,547, compared to North Carolina's $23,168 and the
Southeast's $22,751. The U.S. average in 1997 was $25,288, about 3 percent higher
than the Triad' S.3
The long-term trend is toward convergence of the Triad and U.S. levels of
per capita income. However, Figure 3 indicates that the trend has been cyclical,
with the region nearly matching the U.S. average in 1988 and 1995. The gap
between the U.S. and the Triad widened slightly between 1995 and 1997, per-
haps as a result of the recent considerable industrial restructuring in the Pied-
mont region as the tobacco and textiles industries decline.
The Economic Base
According to the NC Employment Security Commission, in 1998, 35,620 private
sector enterprises in the Piedmont Triad employed nearly 694,000 workers and
paid out $18.8 billion in wages and salaries. While the region's economy has
expanded in the aggregate over the last decade, employment and wage growth
has lagged state averages. Total employment in the Triad grew by. 18.8 percent
between 1989 and 1998, compared to 25.1 percent statewide. Total regional wage
and salary payments increased by 65.0 percent compared to 80.9 percent in North
Carolina as a whole.
Perhaps most importantly, growth in average wages statewide significantly
outpaced growth in the Triad over the last decade: 44.7 to 38.9 percent. In 1989,
the Triad's average wage was 103 percent of the North Carolina average. By
1998, it had fallen to 99 percent of the state average.
Figure 3
Ratio of Regional to U.S. Per Capita Income
1.10
1.05
1 M
0.95
0.90
0.85- „?_---•'-
0.80
0.75 - Source: BEA.
0.70
o^i o°p+ co 0°0+ co
Triad
North Carolina
Southeast
co al M (n
M M M o°'+ M
16 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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Most of those trends - below average employment growth, an eroding
relative wage - can be traced to the process of industrial restructuring under-
way in the region as several core manufacturing industries decline and are re-
placed by a diverse array of manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. A
critical issue is whether the newer sources of employment will maintain or even
increase incomes.
The Manufacturing Core
The Piedmont Triad is one of the South's premier manufacturing regions. With
28 percent of its non-farm workforce engaged in manufacturing trades (in 1998),
the region is among the most manufacturing-reliant in the country. That num-
ber is significantly above average for both North Carolina (at 22 percent in 1998)
and the U.S. as a whole (at about 18 percent in 1996, latest year available). The
Triad manufacturing sector traditionally has been concentrated heavily in tex-
tiles and apparel, furniture, and tobacco products. While many other sectors of
the economy are growing, those three industries are not and they still constitute
most of the region's manufacturing base (52 percent of manufacturing workers
in 1998).
The textile, furniture and tobacco industries in the Triad form manufactur-
ing clusters, or localized agglomerations of firms in a particular industry. The
three industries have each been associated with the Piedmont Triad for more
than a century. Although relatively old industries, they still account for more
than half of the region's total manufacturing jobs (Figure 4). Firms in industrial
clusters such as the Triad's achieve a series of interdependent relationships that
are able to yield a certain commercial synergy - a competitive advantage. To
fully understand the current - and projected future - mechanics of these clus-
Figure 4
1998 Manufacturing Employment, Piedmont Triad
Tobacco 9,374
Other
Manufacturing
95,491
odiies 57,255
10,571
Furniture
26,534
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 17
Source: NC Employmert Security Commission

ters, it is important to look at them individually in terms of employment, growth
and value-added.
Over 2,800 manufacturing enterprises do businesses in the Triad, employ-
ing over 199,000 workers and paying out $6.1 billion in wages and salaries (31
percent of total wage and salary payments in the region). The manufacturing
sector's average wage (at $30,660 in 1998) is 113 percent of the all sector regional
average. The manufacturing workforce is currently shrinking at a rate of 0.7
percent per year. But this masks more dramatic changes occurring inside the
manufacturing economy where there is a very rapid shift in the present indus-
trial mix from the three core sectors to a diverse array of smaller and emerging
industries.
Textiles and Apparel: Combined, the textiles and apparel industries (402
enterprises employing 57,255 workers in 1998) account for 29 percent of the
regions manufacturing employment, and 8 percent of private sector jobs.
The textiles industry is most of this. It is comprised mainly of manmade
fabric and knitting mills. Hosiery production alone accounts for nearly 19,000
Triad jobs. Other smaller textile sectors industries are cotton fabric mills, non-
wool textile finishing, and yarn and thread mills.
Nationally, employment in textiles is declining mainly because of increased
automation and more intense foreign competition. Between 1989 and 1996, about
13 percent of U.S. textile industry jobs were eliminated.' The industry is in de-
cline in the Piedmont Triad as well, but at a much slower rate - about 4 percent
over the same period. Triad losses have been particularly heaving in broadwoven
fabric mills and knitting mills. In the midst of this general decline, some textile
sectors actually have added a significant number of workers in the last decade,
including yarn and thread mills and carpets and rugs.
Employment in the Triad's apparel industry declined by 20 percent between
1989 and 1996, a rate roughly equal to job losses in the sector at the national level.
(Between 1989 and 1998, employment in the sector fell by one-third.) Every ap-
parel sub-sector in the Triad has declined in the last decade except miscellaneous
textile products, which has added an average of 90 employees annually since
1989.
The decline in textiles and apparel has been particularly significant for
smaller Triad counties, though in absolute terms most of the losses have been
concentrated in the region's urban centers. Figure 5 compares the regional dis-
tribution of job losses (left map) with relative declines by county (right map) 5
Though Guilford county bore the highest share of textiles and apparel job loss in
the region over the period, the county was somewhat buffered by its larger em-
ployment base. On the other hand, textiles and apparel job losses in Montgom-
ery county were less than 2.5 percent of the regions total loss but more than 10
18 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

percent of that county's total private employment base. Other large, relative
declines in textiles and apparel occurred in Rockingham, Surry and Davie counties.
Furniture: The Triad furniture manufacturing industry (288 enterprises,
26,534 employees in 1998) is structured much the opposite from the textile indus-
try. There is a heavy concentration of final goods assembly and only limited
activity in the broader supply chain. Of the furniture manufactured in the re-
gion, most is wood or upholstered household furniture. SIC 251, household fur-
niture, accounts for about 23,000 furniture manufacturing jobs among its approxi-
mately 235 establishments.
' Between 1989 and 1998, Triad employment in the household furniture in-
dustry (SIC 251) declined by 2,300 or 9 percent (1 percent annually). That ap-
pears to be in line with national trends, comparable data for the U.S. are available
only to 1996. As a whole, employment in the U.S. furniture manufacturing in-
dustry fell by about 0.6 percent annually between 1989 and 1996. However, the
better performing national furniture sectors (e.g., non-wood or non-household)
are not well-represented in the Triad 6
Tobacco Products: Although comprised of only a handful of firms, the to-
bacco manufacturing industry accounted for about 9,400 jobs in the region in
1998. The sector's employment is presently half what it was at the start of the
decade.
Most area employment in this sector stems from to the headquarters of
Lorillard in Greensboro and RJ Reynolds in Winston-Salem, the latter the Triad's
single largest employer.
Figure 5
Change in Textiles and Apparel Employment, 1989-98
(SIC's 221, 222, 225, 234, 235)

n

County share of total Triad
textiles and apparel decline
RUFMI ..I sroKEs
i
YADKMJ
=1 no anploymetn or no dedine
< 2.5%
M3 23%-5%
5%-73%
>73%

Source: 1989 & 1998 North Carolina ES-202 files.
Q 0%ofprivateemployment
C= 0%-23%
Q 23%-5%
5%- 10%
> 10%
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 19

Textile, apparel job losses as a share
of total county private sector employment
Tobacco manufacturing is the nation's fastest declining manufacturing in-
dustry, laying off workers at a nearly 4 percent annual rate between 1989 and
1996. It is declining even faster in the Triad where tobacco manufacturers have
reduced employment at an annual rate of about 5.2 percent. The losses have
been primarily concentrated in Forsyth, Guilford and Rockingham counties.
The dramatic drop in regional tobacco processing employment in just 10
years indicates the perilous nature of employment in the tobacco industry. In-
creased automation, a declining demand for tobacco products, as well as exog-
enous forces such as the recent national tobacco settlement point to further de-
creases in tobacco employment, particularly in blue-collar jobs. In the 1990s po-
sitions eliminated were largely production-level jobs, while the proportion of
white-collar to blue-collar jobs increased.
This composition is also the cause of very high average wages for the Triad's
tobacco companies. In fact, Tobacco products (SIC 21) generates the highest aver-
age wage of any manufacturing industry, at $68,500 per year. However, this num-
ber represents a much higher proportion of headquarters office staff than do
similar wage figures from other manufacturing industries.
With the tobacco industry continuing to endure a series of volatile changes,
the trend of decreasing employment will presumably continue. In just the last
two years, RJ Reynolds laid off an additional 500 employees due to restructuring
and streamlining at its Triad facilities. Future layoffs will have progressively pen-
etrating impacts on the region, as future employment cuts will more likely affect
higher-wage jobs.
Other Manufacturing: Not all manufacturing sectors in the Triad have shed
jobs in the last decade. Moreover, some of the growth industries pay very good
wages. Among the largest job generators are chemicals and allied products (over
2,600 net new jobs between 1989 and 1998), fabricated metals (2,000 net new jobs
over the period) and transportation equipment (1,500 net new jobs). Some char-
acteristics and key firms among the higher wage growth sectors:
Transportation equipment (SIC 37):
• High Point's Thomas Built Buses and Volvo Trucks' headquarters
and engineering center;
• SIC 37 pays an average wage of nearly $35,000 in the Triad, 113
percent of manufacturing sector average in 1998; and,
• 4.2 percent annual job growth since 1989.
Industrial machinery and equipment (SIC 35):
• Gilbarco, Inc., a gasoline pump manufacturer and one of the region's
largest employers;
20 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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• some 8,800 workers in the industry as a whole in 1998, though the
sector is under-represented compared to national averages;
• wage is 121 percent of the manufacturing sector average; and,
• very slow employment growth (about 0.5 percent annual since
1989).
Chemicals and allied products (SIC 28):
• Key firms include Novartis (agricultural chemicals), Proctor &
Gamble (toothpaste), and Stockhausen (industrial chemicals);
• industry average wage is 141 percent of manufacturing average in
the region; and,
• 5.7 percent annual employment growth in the industry since 1989.
Electronics and electrical equipment (SIC 36):
• with nearly 15,000 workers in 1998, it has become the third largest
employer in the Triad;
• key employers include Lucent Technologies and AMP Inc.;
• some evidence that higher value-added segments of the industry
are growing while lower value-added sectors are in decline (the
two largest electronics assembly plants in the region closed in the
last two years);
• average wage is 121 percent of manufacturing average in the Triad;
and,
• sector annual job growth very slow, however - about 0.5 percent
since 1989.
A number of lower-wage manufacturing sectors are also expanding, including:
Fabricated metals (SIC 34):
• 8,500 workers in 1998;
• annual employment growth 3.5 percent; and,
• wage 98 percent of manufacturing average.
Printing and publishing (SIC 27);
• 9,600 workers in 1998;
• 1.4 percent annual employment growth 1989-98; and,
• wage 91 percent of manufacturing average;
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 21

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics (SIC 30):
7,000 workers in 1998;
- 2.5 percent annual employment growth 1989-98; and,
wage 87 percent of manufacturing average in the region.
Miscellaneous manufacturing (SIC 39);
- 2,600 workers in 1998;
8 percent annual employment growth 1989-98; and,
- wage 87 percent of manufacturing average.
The Private Sector, Non-Manufacturing Base
While manufacturing employment has declined at 0.7 percent per year, the Triad's
private non-manufacturing sector has expanded by 3.6 percent annually. Non-
manufacturing (excluding government) is made up of 32,800 enterprises, 495,000
workers, and $12.7 billion in wage payments. The private non-manufacturing
wage (at $25,700) is 95 percent of the all sector Triad average.
The non-manufacturing component of the Piedmont Triad's economy con-
tains many sectors of significant employment, especially in services. Health ser-
vices, education services, and business services combined represent 151,000 jobs
in the region in 1998, or 31 percent of all private non-manufacturing employ-
ment.
Between 1989 and 1998, the services industry generated nearly 62,000 new
jobs (4.7 percent annual growth); the retail sector generated another 23,300 jobs
(2.6 percent annual growth). Compared to the U.S. and North Carolina, retail
job expansion constitutes a greater share of overall non-manufacturing job growth
in the Triad (though we can only compare to national trends for the 1989 to 1996
period). Figure 6 illustrates the relative dependence of the Triad on the low wage
retail sector for job growth.
Health services: Health services accounts for the largest share of private,
non-manufacturing employment, providing 57,000 jobs in 1998. Hospitals (with
large employers like Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and the Moses
Cone Health System) represent the largest share of health activity, followed by
doctors' offices. However, for an area the Triad's size, the volume of health-re-
lated economic activity is not exceptional. In fact, it is below national averages.
In all major doctor- or hospital-related sectors, location quotients for the Triad
were less than 1.0 in 1996 (latest year available), indicating health-related sectors
are under-represented in the regional economy.
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The Triad health sector has grown substantially in recent years, adding nearly
19,000 workers between 1989 and 1998, a 5.5 percent annual growth rate. All
major health fields saw significant increases, particularly health practitioners'
offices and hospitals. Care facilities are also expanding rapidly (e.g., convales-
cent or personal care establishments). The strong growth should not be inter-
preted to mean that the Triad's health industry is expanding at an unusually
rapid pace. Instead, employment in the health industry is growth rapidly na-
tionwide; the Triad appears to be just keeping pace with increased demands for
healthcare 7
Health is on the whole a high wage industry, paying about 113 percent of
the all sector average (though just 99 percent of the manufacturing average).
However, the wage picture is quite complicated because there exist vast differ-
ences in wage payments among the different sectors, with some paying very
well while others not. Those sectors demanding skilled medical and auxiliary
staff pay above regional averages, while many fields (particularly care facilities)
that utilize part-time and low skilled workers to assist in custodial care pay be-
low regional averages.
Trucking and Warehousing: In 1998, over 16,000 people were employed by
nearly 800 enterprises in warehousing and long- or medium-distance trucking
Figure 6
Share of Total Private Sector job Growth, 1989-96
1 ¦ Retail o Services
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 23
Source: NC Employment Security Commission (ES-202 files) and enhanced U.S. ES-202
data from Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc.

Pie&nontTrial NaWtCardina United States
operations in the Piedmont Triad. Favorable geography is partially at work here,
with the region being at the confluence of two major interstates, with a third
being built. Indeed, nearly all of the enterprises in the trucking sector are located
in counties with the best highway access, i.e., Guilford, Forsyth, Surry, and
Davidson counties. Many of the Triad's freight haulers have been in the region
for decades, while some of the largest originated in the region. Employment in
the trucking and warehousing sector combined has expanded by about 1.5 per-
cent annually since 1989.
Many national haulers also have truck terminals or service centers in the
Triad, such as Roadway Express, Overnite Transportation, and MGM Transport.
The region's SIC 4213 (non-local trucking) employment location quotient was 1.7
in 1996, indicating an above-average concentration of trucking activity.
Air Transportation: The industry with perhaps the most direct link to Fed-
eral Express is that of air transportation, which encompasses air carriers them-
selves, along with airports and all ancillary services. The Piedmont Triad Inter-
national Airport, the airlines that serve the region (with US Airways the largest
employer), and their service functions employed over 10,100 in 1998. Expansion
of the Piedmont Triad International Airport, the aircraft maintenance company
TIMCO, and various passenger airline operations, has increased employment in
the air transportation industry 8 percent each year since 1989.
Financial Services: With BB & T and Wachovia Corporations headquarters
in Winston-Salem, the Triad has considerable employment in certain financial
sectors, particularly banking. About 13,600 worked in commercial banks and credit
unions (SIC 60) in the region in 1998. That figure is not appreciably higher, in
relative terms, than national averages. In fact, when combined with other de-
pository institutions, the Triad is below the national average for employment in
commercial banks, credit unions, and other depository financial institutions.
Overall, the finance, insurance and real estate industry (SICs 60-67) employed
35,800 in 1998, while employment is increasing at a 3.6 percent annual rate.
Employment in banking is declining nationwide - falling from 2.2 million
in 1989 to 1.9 million by 1996 - due to continued mergers and downsizing ef-
forts. The Triad has actually benefited from the trend toward consolidation, as
mergers and acquisitions increased employment in the area. With the rapid pace
of banking mergers now winding down throughout the industry, however, it is
unlikely that the share of banking employment in the Triad will increase sub-
stantially over in the coming years
Insurance (SICs 63-64) is another major financial sector employer, with over
12,000 workers in 1998 spread among the region's life, health, and casualty insur-
ance carriers and brokers. Jefferson Pilot Financial's headquarters in Greensboro
is among the key insurance firms in the region. Similar to Wachovia in banking,
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Jefferson Pilot's business has been growing over the past decade through a series
of acquisitions, greatly benefiting Greensboro by strengthening the company's
competitive position. Again, informed industry officials confirm that insurance
firms may have reached employment plateaus where growth will subside to
maintenance levels.
Educational Services: The educational services sector, including public and
private schools, colleges, universities, and community colleges, employed about
45,900 in the Triad in 1998 (with employment increasing by 2.4 percent annually
since 1989). With employment in higher education (SIC 822) over 15,500 in 1998,
the Triad registered an employment location quotient of 2.9 in the sector in 1996,
indicating that it is specialized in higher education relative to national averages.
SIC 822 employment has increased by 3.7 percent annually since 1989.
Business Services: Business services is a large and varied sector in the Triad
comprised of over 2,400 enterprises and 48,000 workers in 1998. Include compa-
nies ranging from temporary employment agencies and security services, build-
ing maintenance companies and computing and software firms. Of all business
services sub-industries, only advertising and building services appear to consti-
tute specializations in the Triad. One particularly important industry, computer
and data processing services (SIC 737), employed only 4,100 in 1998 (a location
quotient of 0.37 based on 1996 data, the latest year available). Computer and
data processing is one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. and a key
wealth generator. In the Triad, employment in SIC 737 is growing by about 1.7
percent annually, an anemic rate compared to a nearly 10 annual percent growth
at the national level (and 18 percent! in North Carolina).
Economic Restructuring and Transition: Future Prospects
The Piedmont Triad has experienced generally steady, if slow to moderate, eco-
nomic growth for the past 30 years, due chiefly to the strong presence of major
manufacturing concentrations and to the generally strong economic performance
of North Carolina. But there are manifest weaknesses in the regional economy's
fundamental structure, and there is growing reason for deep concern about fu-
ture vitality. The Triad continues to rely on a few traditional industries that are in
steep decline, both nationally and regionally. It seems certain that earnings gen-
erated by the regions three dominant manufacturing industries - textiles/ap-
parels, furniture, and tobacco - will decline, perhaps very sharply. Other seg-
ments of the regional economy are not growing fast enough to compensate for
these weak sectors. As a result, the Piedmont Triad trails the state in job growth
and in earnings growth, and those gaps may be widening rather than closing.8
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 25
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Manufacturing Trends
A reliance on manufacturing is not necessarily bad. Indeed, for the nation as a
whole, manufacturing is a generally high wage and high wealth-creating sector
and many American industries are strengthening their competitive position vis-
a-vis other nations. Unfortunately, the reverse is true in the Triad.
Textiles/apparels accounted for about 39 percent of all 1996 manufacturing
employment in the Triad and 31 percent of manufacturing payroll. Furniture
provided another 14 percent of manufacturing jobs and about 10 percent of manu-
facturing payroll.
The discrepancy in both these industries between share of jobs and share
of payroll is illuminating. It underscores that these are low wage industries, both
paying well below the average wage for the region's manufacturing sector. Al-
though these industries are no't high wage nationally, Triad wages are signifi-
cantly lower than the national average, especially in the furniture industry.
Still, even at these relatively low wage levels, the sheer size of employment
in these two sectors makes them huge contributors to wealth creation in the Triad.
That makes the prospects of decline over the next several years especially trou-
bling.
Textiles/apparel and furniture face intense competitive pressures brought
about by changing technology and the globalization of markets for their prod-
ucts. In the face of those pressures, producers are sharply reducing their
workforces nationally. Over the next several years, these national trends could
play out in the Triad with harsh consequences.
Industry concentration, as found in the Triad, can be a two-edged sword.
Massive regional concentrations of employment and earnings may actually cush-
ion for a time the regional impact of global economic changes in these heavily
concentrated sectors. In textiles/apparel and furniture, the rate of job loss in the
Triad was less than the rate of job loss in these industries for the nation as a whole.
Economic advantages of agglomeration, such as lower transaction costs and more
specialization among local companies, may have given Triad producers a tempo-
rary edge over those in regions without a less dense concentration of activity.
Moreover, the relatively low Triad wage rates in these two industries may have
helped to keep regional companies competitive against very low wage foreign
imports. But as national trends play out, the eventual impacts on the region of
the inexorable decline of these traditional industries will be huge, due simply to
the sheer number of jobs involved.
A somewhat different situation prevails in the third traditional industry -
tobacco products - but future prospects are every bit as dismaying. While the
smallest of the three traditional groups in terms of employment, tobacco is a high
wage sector in the Piedmont. As a result, it has been an extraordinary contribu-
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for to the regions earnings, generating a payroll of about $535 million in 1998.
Because a large share of the region's jobs in this sector are executive and admin-
istrative, the average annual wages in the tobacco industry as of 1998 was $57,000.
This is about 2.5 times the average wage in furniture and twice the average in
textiles/apparel.
In the tobacco industry, the recent and future employment picture is even
more bleak than in other traditional industries. The rate of job loss in the Triad
between 1989 and 1996 (40 percent) far exceeded that for the nation as a whole
(27 percent). Jobs are concentrated in just two very large establishments, so the
impact of the industry downturn nationally was very significant in the region.
Further retrenchment in the industry will have even more adverse economic
impacts on the Triad. Job and wage trends suggest that most recent job cuts have
been made at the lowest wage levels and that the high-salary jobs have been
protected. That certainly cushioned the economic impact of these job cuts on the
rest of the regional economy. But it seems unlikely that that can continue; fur-
ther job reductions will almost certainly have a more proportionate impact on
earnings.
If the tobacco industry were to lose 25 percent of its remaining jobs over the
next few years (as some informed observers have suggested), and if these were
across-the-board cuts, the lost annual earnings would be close to $134 million.
The ripple impact of such a loss-throughout the regional economy would be mas-
sive. Over 9,300 people were employed in the cigarette manufacturing industry
in the Triad in 1998. If 25 percent of those, or 2,286 jobs, were lost that would
reduce the region's total annual output by over $2.5 billion. If indirect and in-
duced impacts are added to that, annual lost impact would amount to over $3.6
billion. Of course, few of these people would remain unemployed. The labor
market is tight today, even in the Triad. But most of those employed elsewhere
would receive much lower wages and total earnings in the region would be con-
siderably lower.
As traditional sectors decline, other industries are emerging as larger em-
ployers in the region's economy. Indications are that virtually all workers dis-
placed from traditional manufacturing jobs are finding work elsewhere within
the regional economy. However, much of the job growth is occurring in the low
wage retail sector. The business services sector is not growing at nearly the same
pace as the rest of the state or the nation, and higher-wage service industries are
growing barely at all in the Triad. Outside the retail sector, recent job growth has
been in lower-wage industries such as nursing care facilities, home health ser-
vices and personnel supply services (temp firms), which are not "traded indus-
tries" that create new wealth by importing dollars from outside the region.
There has been modest job growth in some higher-wage private sector firms,
including transportation equipment, transportation services, and finance and
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 27
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insurance. Employment in commercial banking has expanded as the region ben-
efited from consolidation among depository institutions. However, informed
observers of the financial industry in the Triad report that the period of growth
in banking and insurance is over; some even predict slight retrenchment in fu-
ture years.
As we have discussed above, the Triad has seen modest job growth among
certain smaller high-growth and high-wage manufacturing industries that until
recently did not have particularly high employment representation. These in-
clude electronics, chemical products, rubber and plastics, transportation equip-
ment, and fabricated metals. Of these, the electronics and electrical equipment
major industry group may be the most significant. Its share of manufacturing
employment crept past tobacco processing into third position in terms of em-
ployment behind the textiles/apparel and furniture industries. Additionally, this
is a relatively high wage sector.
On the other hand, the relative concentration of electronics manufacturing
in the region is not particularly high. The sector did not grow rapidly or signifi-
cantly in the Triad compared to other regions of North Carolina or other parts of
the nation. Indeed, it may be that the comparatively high average wage can be
attributed to just a few of the establishments in the region. Regardless, nothing
suggests that the firms in this group have yet found any special competitive ad-
vantage in the Triad. Generally, the same is true of other smaller manufacturing
industries. There are no apparent synergies such as shared markets or technolo-
gies that could generate rapid interconnected growth and the emergence of vital
new industry clusters to replace those declining in the traditional sectors.
This analysis cannot account for external factors that may have positive
impacts on the regional economy. For example, the recent growth of auto manu-
facturing in the Southeast (with Saturn in Tennessee, Mercedes-Benz in Alabama,
and BMW in South Carolina) may present a major new market opportunity for
transportation-related intermediate goods manufacturers in the Triad. Further,
the knitted goods and textile producers and the furniture manufacturers may be
able to retain certain niche advantages even as the industries decline overall.
Non-manufacturing Trends
As we note above, most new jobs created in the Triad between 1989 and 1996
were in the retail and services sector. That is not surprising, considering that the
same trend holds true for the state and nation as well, but the relative shares of
retail and service growth in overall growth differ. Considerably less of retail/
services growth in the Triad has come from services in comparison to either North
Carolina or the U.S. The relative lack of business activity especially in certain
28 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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Table 1
Triad Employment, Percent of Wages and Location Quotients
Advanced Technology Sectors
' SIC INDUSTRY

1

high growth sectors (such as computer and data processing services described
above) contributes to this effect.
The high rates of growth for healthcare and business services are partially
masked by those sectors' heavy reliance on part-time and/or low wage help. In
almost all the 4-digit SIC industry sectors in business services, health services
and personal services in which regional employment is over 1,000 wages are less
than the regional average - in many cases dramatically less, such as building
maintenance services, child day care services, and help supply services which compute
to 33 percent, 37 percent and 38 percent of the regional average, respectively.
Thus, much of the growth indicated in the service sector is in jobs more akin to
retail employment - meaning lower skill, lower wage, and part-time.
In the period covered by our analysis, there has been little growth in the
technology key sectors that have become such critical drivers in the national
economy (see Table 1). Over the past twenty years, and especially in the past ten,
the group of advanced technology industries in Table 1 have nearly doubled their
share of industry output in the United States. They now amount to about 11
percent of total gross output. They stimulate regional economies through their
purchase of goods and services from the non-high tech sector of the economy.
They pay their employees well above the average and these employees pump
1989 Location 1989 Pct 1996 Location 1996 Pct
Emp. Quotient of Wages Emp Quotient of wages
283 Drugs 297 0.017 0.08 s <1.0 s
357 Computer & Office Equipment s <1.0 0.13 s <1.0 0.13
366 Communications Equipment 3,144 1.74 1.89 4,604 2.61 1.74
367 Electronic components & access. 687 0.17 0.11 460 0.11 0.08
372 Aircraft and parts 16 0.01 0.01
381 Search and navigation equipment s >1.0 0.52 1,147 0.58 0.43
382 Measuring & controlling devices 513 0.26 0.11 259 0.12 0.06
384 Medical instruments & supplies 1,564 0.88 0.34 1,179 0.76 0.25
481 Telephone communication 4,153 0.69 1.33 3,621 0.64 1.24
737 Computer & data process. svcs. 3,049 0.37 0.73 3,541 0.74 0.58
781 Motion picture prod. & svcs. 52 0.03 0.01 52 0.06 0.01
871 Engineering & mgmt. svcs. 1,647 0.3 0.38 1,701 0.34 0.44
873 Research and testing services 1,046 0.27 0.18 765 0.22 0.17
TOTAL 17,757 0.47 5.82 18,352 0.43 5.31
Source: NC ESC (ES-202 files) and Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. (enhanced U.S. ES-202 files). s indicates data
suppressed to preserve confidentiality of companies in dataset.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad : Economic Impacts and Opportunities 29
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more money into the regional economy. Unfortunately, those trends are not char-
acteristic of the Piedmont.
Economic Issues in Summary
On balance, there is little reason for optimism about the regional economy. It
should concern leaders in the Triad that there seem to be limited prospects for
high wage, high skill growth in the regional economy as traditional manufactur-
ing industries continue to decline. In the U.S. economy as a whole, recent job
growth and earnings increases have come from knowledge-based industries that
are underrepresented in the Triad. Those knowledge-based industries will not
take root in the Triad unless they can anticipate dramatic changes in the educa-
tion and skill attainment of the region's population.
The following provides a short summary of the core issues facing the Triad
economy:
• Textiles, furniture and tobacco still produce significant numbers of
jobs in the region, but all three industries are declining in terms of
employment.
• Market pressure faced by those sectors (e.g., automation and for-
eign competition) means that the downward employment trend
will likely continue.
• The dependence of the regional economy on the high-wage tobacco
products sector is particularly precarious due to declining product
demand and continuing legal threats.
• Although declining, the textiles/apparel and furniture industries
are key manufacturing clusters, which serve to make the region
and its industries more competitive. Currently, these sectors are
healthier in the Triad than they are elsewhere in the country.
• While the bulk of textiles/apparel decline is occurring in the region's
urban centers, peripheral counties have faced the heaviest declines
in relative terms. The need to develop higher-value replacement
sources of employment and income is particularly intense for the
rural counties of the Piedmont Triad.
• Growth in manufacturing is occurring in sectors that are relatively
small in the Triad, such as chemicals and metalworking, and will
likely account for most of the region's manufacturing growth in
upcoming years.
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• Unfortunately, the general shift in industrial mix in the manufac-
turing sector is not increasing the average manufacturing wage. In
fact, there is evidence it is eroding it. The average annual 1998 wage
among industries that declined between 1989 and 1998 was $31,348,
compared to $31,196 among industries that grew over the same
period. It appears that relatively low-wage, low-skill traditional
industries are giving way to other relatively low-wage, low-skill
manufacturing sectors.
• Recent growth in one key non-manufacturing sector - financial
services - has been driven largely the expansion of a handful of
major employers. Those firms may have reached employment pla-
teaus such that the growth may begin to subside.
• Other growing non-manufacturing sectors, such as health and busi-
ness services, are made up of industries of widely varying degrees
of value-added. While many jobs in health and business services
highly skilled and pay good wages, others are part-time and low
wage.
The Triad has few important specializations in the services indus-
try. Employment in banking, insurance, health and business ser-
vices are at or below what one would expect for a region of the
Triad's size.
Trends in Land Use and Infrastructure
While the Triad economy appears to be under-performing relative to state and
national averages in terms of employment growth, particularly in technology-
intensive sectors, the region's population continues to expand (if at slightly slower
rates than North Carolina as a whole). That expansion, along with a perpetua-
tion of low density development patterns and reliance on the automobile for
personal transportation and the truck for the shipment of goods, has brought
with it considerable regional land use challenges. Those challenges, however,
are common to most other metropolitan regions in the Southeast, and, indeed,
the U.S. This section summarizes the changing spatial structure of the region as
well as transportation, air quality, and water conditions.
On the whole, given planned infrastructure expansions, the Triad's trans-
portation, air quality, and water situation is relatively positive in the sense that
there are few immediate constraints to additional development. That is partly a
result of the slower growth the region has faced. However, it is unclear that land
use planning is poised to prevent a gradual worsening of regional land use con-
ditions as the region continues to grow. A lack of regional cooperation, particu-
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 31

laxly on land use and infrastructure questions, represents a serious danger to the
maintenance and improvement of the Triad's quality of life as well as efficiency
and attractiveness as a business location.
A significant increase in regional employment and population growth rates,
perhaps spurred by the location of the FedEx hub, could alter the regional land
use picture significantly. The development of FedEx hub facilities, in Indianapo-
lis and Memphis particularly, have generated significant downstream impacts in
the broader metropolitan areas both in economic and land use terms. Hub facili-
ties can mean economic growth in advanced manufacturing and warehousing
and distribution, much of it in industries that pay good wages and impose lim-
ited direct impacts on the environment. Indeed, many of the same characteris-
tics that attracted FedEx to the Piedmont Triad (location relative to major mar-
kets, highway accessibility, etc.), make the region a good location for shipping
and logistics companies generally.
However, the development of a warehousing and logistics industry as well
attraction of the types of companies that depend on flexible, rapid shipping op-
tions, can also mean the consumption of open space through development of
greenfield sites that can accommodate large, single-story facilities, increased truck
traffic between plants and the hub itself, and associated congestion and air pollu-
tion (both from increased trucking and the additional population using the road-
ways). Although the environmental impact statement may find that the direct
land use/environmental/traffic impacts of the FedEx facility will be relatively small,
the downstream activity-which the EIS will not address-will likely pose a sig-
nificant challenge. It is essential that proactive local and regional planning ef-
forts are made to shape such hub-related, downstream economic activity.
The Evolving Spatial Structure
Although the latest population estimates for detailed areal units (e.g., block
groups) are from the 1990 Census, anecdotal evidence suggests that the Triad's
major communities have experienced the same trend toward decentralization
and low density development as many other U.S. cities in the 1990s. Much of the
new residential growth in the Triad is occurring on the outskirts of Winston-Sa-
lem, Greensboro and High Point, along with some spillover into neighboring
Randolph and Davidson counties. At the same time, population appears to be
largely unchanged or declining in the centers of Greensboro, Winston-Salem and
High Point. According to Greensboro's Building Inspections and Permits depart-
ment, 62 percent of the 6,520 single-family units authorized for construction be-
tween 1996 and 1998 were designated for Greensboro's unincorporated areas.
Consequently, the highest level of development pressure, at least in Guilford, is
occurring in areas of limited of planning controls.
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While many people still live in the hearts of the region's major cities, our
analysis of employment growth by zip code and estimated population by block
group indicate the highest rates of employment and population growth are in
suburban and "greenfield" locations. That trend is likely to continue into the
near future in the absence of stricter land-use controls to contain sprawling de-
velopment. City centers remain vital employment centers, although many new
employment areas are cropping up along major travel corridors. The area along
the I-40 corridor between Winston-Salem and Greensboro is quickly developing.
In time, traveling between Winston-Salem and Greensboro may seem like one
seamless, albeit low-density, urban system. The triangular area formed between
Interstates 40, 85 and 73, southwest of Greensboro through High Point may also
draw future employment growth, especially considering the impending comple-
tion of interstate 74 connecting interstates 40, 85, and 73.
It is unclear whether current planning efforts will alter existing develop-
ment trends in a significant way. Guilford County is an example of a mismatch
between the scope of well-intentioned early planning efforts and the more re-
cent pressures caused by unexpectedly high growth rates. The county's compre-
hensive plan was approved in 1986, with the expectation that it would be useful
for directing growth for the subsequent twenty years. The original plan includes
a mandate for pursuing small area plans for the unincorporated areas through-
out the county. Those "small area plans," along with the zoning plans for
Burlington and Greensboro, provide a comprehensive picture of how county
growth pressures were to be directed in areas along or near the I-40 corridor.
However, since the1986 plan was approved, annual growth in Guilford has oc-
curred at rates as high as 40 percent.
Forsyth and Guilford counties have recently completed two separate docu-
ments that outline the manner in which the city-county governments seek to
direct future regional growth patterns. The City of Greensboro has developed
its Forecast 2015 and Forsyth's City-County Planning Board has developed a its
Vision 2020 planning document. Those documents are not zoning ordinances,
but are rather designed to "inform" the manner in which zoning ordinances and
other growth controls in the counties are crafted. While the resultant land use
schemes are the result of a community wide visioning exercise and are not firm
guides, they do provide some indication of how the planning community will
attempt to guide future land development pressures.
In their vision statements, the counties acknowledge that they are faced
with the challenge of combating the inefficiencies associated with uncontrolled
low density development patterns (or sprawl). Sprawl manifests itself as low
density commercial strip development along major transportation routes and as
low density residential development diffused around the extra-territorial juris-
dictions of incorporated areas.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 33

Both plans share common prescriptions for addressing sprawling land de-
velopment. The plans designate special geographic areas to accommodate dif-
ferent categories of clustered development. Those areas include town centers,
neo-traditional clustered developments, high density major activity areas, and
the identification of future development areas. Town center development is pre-
scribed as containing mixed retail, office, and light industrial use, and high-den-
sity residential development. The centers are located in each of the smaller in-
corporated communities in both Forsyth and Guilford Counties. Major activity
centers are designed to increase activity in areas with large existing infrastruc-
ture investments and to relieve the land development pressures placed on rural
areas. Future development areas are usually rural areas with little in situs infra-
structure investment, but because of proximity to other public investments (ex-
isting infrastructure, major thoroughfares, etc) are good candidates for indus-
trial and other forms of new development.
At the regional level, cooperation in either economic development or land
use concerns is extremely limited. While regional agencies such as the Piedmont
Triad Partnership have attempted to encourage cooperation between municipali-
ties, particularly on infrastructure questions, little of a substantive nature at the
time of this writing has yet been accomplished. The need to design coordinated,
regional solutions to land use and environmental questions is one of the Triad's
most significant challenges.
Transportation Infrastructure
With the attraction of FedEx and the possibility for further evolution of the re-
gional economy as a shipping and distribution center, the future economic and
social vitality of the region will rest even more heavily on maintaining a vital
transportation network The kinds of enterprises attracted by the FedEx hub will
require an efficient surface transportation network in order to realize the advan-
tages proximity to the hub offers.
But the development of the transportation system must also satisfy the pref-
erences and needs of the region's residents. Transportation has large bearing on
the regions quality of life which itself is an important factor for attracting high
wage, advanced technology firms. Suffice to say the regional transportation sys-
tem is directly tied to almost every aspect of the regional development: land-use
and development patterns, air and water quality, downtown revitalization, and
business competitiveness.
Although many modes of travel comprise the region's transportation sys-
tem, our discussion concentrates primarily on motorized vehicle travel, and how
it impacts the region's highways. It is not our purpose to analyze the direct traf-
fic impacts of the FedEx site. Those questions will be addressed by the environ-
34 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
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mental impact analysis that is currently underway. Instead, we describe the cur-
rent state of regional highway travel and identify potential issues and problems
facing the region.
Historical Trends: Vehicle travel in the Triad has grown considerably in the
recent past. According to estimates from the North Carolina Department of Natu-
ral Resources, total daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the Triad increased by
25 percent from 1990 to 1997, compared to population growth of only 9 percent.
Figure 7 graphs the trend in daily VMT over the ten-year period 1987 to 1997.
The average annual growth rate of daily VMT is approximately 4 percent over
the period, although more recent years experienced a faster rate of growth com-
pared to the earlier years.
Figure 8 illustrates recent VMT growth by county. The urban core counties
of Guilford and Forsyth account for the majority of regional VMT, followed by
Alamance, Randolph and Davidson. The fastest rates of VMT growth occurred
in Yadkin (66 percent), Surry (56 percent), Davidson (52 percent) and Montgom-
ery counties (52 percent), although for the smallest counties that is a function of
small VMT in the base period.
Current Highway System: How congested are Triad roads at the present
time? The Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point highway network defined by
NC Department of Transportation is mapped in Figure 9. Highways are distin-
guished by average daily vehicle volume to capacity (v/c) ratios, an estimate of
vehicle congestion. The widths of the roadway indicate relative daily vehicle
volumes v
The light gray color indicates highways with volume to capacity (v/c) ratios
below 0.8. Such highways are characterized by free to stable flow with good
Figure 7
Regional Growth in Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1987-97
40,000
-o
30,000
v
20,000

10,000
L
0
Average Annual Growth Rate - 4%
Percent Increase (1987 -1997) - 42%
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Source: NC DENK Division of Air Quality.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 35
maneuverability and light, if any, congestion.10 The blue links indicate v/c ratios
between 0.8 and 1.2.11 Under such conditions vehicle travel is dense, maneuver-
ability is impaired, and travelers may experience travel delays. These are areas
to watch for possible future traffic congestion as the region grows and vehicle
travel increases. The red links are highways with v/c ratios above 1.2, indicating
highways that are prone to congestion and where stop and go travel conditions
are common.12
In the Triad, congested conditions are typically found on highways that
providing access between central cities and outlying regions. Those highways
typically serve commuting and business related travel, that, during the peak hours
of travel, can push volumes over capacity. Urban highways may also be more
constrained by the built environment than their rural counterparts, thus making
expansion projects (such as widening) a less feasible alternative for dealing with
congestion problems. Several of the major routes near the airport are also under
constraint pressures. Section of I-40 south of the airport, NC 68 west of the air-
port, and US 220 east of the airport and several others have sections that are
threatened by capacity limitations.
Highway Capacity Enhancements: A number of highway improvements are
underway in the Triad that promise to relieve congestion (see Appendix Table 4).
Among the major projects expecting completion in the near future are the Greens-
boro and Winston-Salem beltways, Interstate I-74, and Interstate-73. Those
Figure 8
Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled by County, 1987 and 1997
YADKIN
SURRY
STOKES
ROCKINGHAM
RANDOLPH
MONTGOMERY
GUILFORD
FORSYTH
DAVIE.
DAVIDSON
CASWELL
ALAMANCE
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000
Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled
Source: NC DENR, Division of Air Quality
36 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities
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projects are likely to provide new travel routes that relieve traffic pressure on
nearby highways.
However, it is possible that improvements will be smaller than expected or
short-lived. Capacity limitations tend to partially regulate vehicle transporta-
tion. To avoid congestion, travelers use alternate travel modes and travel routes,
and moderate or avoid travel behavior during peak hours - resulting in a latent
demand for travel. When highway capacity expands, that latent demand shifts
onto the highways, and many urban areas find that the new roads are soon con-
gested at pre-construction levels. As a result, many urban areas are experiment-
ing with alternatives to highway construction for dealing with traffic congestion.
They include expanding mass transit, encouraging employers to allow flex-time
and alternative work strategies (e.g., telecommuting), and constructing High
Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes.
In the long term, new highways also affect business and residential loca-
tion decisions and land development patterns. New development shifts travel
patterns and places new demand pressures on the transportation network. For
example, the construction of the Greensboro Loop may help to relief some of the
Figure 9
1994 Volume to Capacity Estimates,
Winston-Salem/Greensboro/High Point
s
14c 4
I
r
-Airpoirit
-Downtown
Greensboro
i
Downtown -
Winston-Salem
N
Source: NCDOT Planning Division
Travel Demand Model
n1llV nil 1
z `h Point a / -I
1 i a
dal Piedmont Triad Regional Travel Model
1994 Daily Traffic on 1994 Street System
may. ?- 'L
volume/capacity (v/c)< 0.80
0.80 < v/c < 1.2D
v/c > 1.20
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 37
traffic burden on I-40/1-85 south of Greensboro, as east-west travelers are allowed
to bypass sections of 1-40. The new highways will also improve access to the land
along the loop road, and making those areas attractive for development. The
opening of the new loop may accelerate the on-going process of decentralization
in the region. As travel patterns change to reflect new, more dispersed, residen-
tial and business locations, traffic problems can evolve from a downtown corri-
dor problem into a region-wide problem. Furthermore, decentralization of ac-
tivity nodes makes mass transit and other alternatives to automobile travel less
feasible, and more costly.
Air Quality
Air quality is closely associated with a region's perceived livability. There are
many reasons why poor air quality can make a region an unattractive place to
live and do business. Poor air quality damages crops and plants, deteriorates
materials and buildings, discolors the air (smog), and causes serious health prob-
lems. Bad air can stifle economic growth, particularly in technology knowledge-
intensive sectors that rely heavily on knowledge workers. The latter tend to be
much more sensitive to amenity and quality of life issues. Furthermore, federal
laws require that a region with poor air quality impose restrictive air pollution
controls on local industry and drivers.
The Clean Air Act establishes National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for several airborne pollutants. Current air quality standards are pre-
scribed by (1990) amendments to the Clean Air Act and a series of administrative
rules developed by the EPA and state environmental agencies. Regions not meet-
ing the minimum standards are subject to more stringent permit requirements
for new and expanding industry and for transportation emissions controls, and
must demonstrate conformity in transportation planning to ensure that future
transportation projects do not interfere with attainment of standards. There are
several different classes of non-attainment depending upon the severity of the
air quality violation, with increasingly stringent air pollution control requirements.
Control requirements are often costly for individuals and businesses and may
retard economic growth, in addition to the undesirability of locating in a region
with unhealthy air.
Pollutants are often identified by the source of their emissions to facilitate
targeted emissions control strategies. The most common source categories are
area, highway mobile, non-highway mobile, point and bio-genic sources. Area
sources include agricultural pesticide application, residential open burning, con-
sumer/commercial solvent, architectural coatings, and cutback asphalt paving.
Highway mobile sources include cars, trucks and similar highway passenger or
freight hauling vehicles. Non-highway mobile sources include lawnmowers, trac-
38 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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tors, and other types of fuel combusting vehicles not oriented for highway travel.
Point sources include industrial sources and utilities. Bio-genic sources are natu-
ral sources, such as plants and animals, identifiable because the do not result
from directed human activity.
Air pollutants of particular concern in the Triad region are ground level
ozone (03), particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide (CO). The Triad re-
gion has historically been in attainment of other pollutants of these pollutants
identified by the Clean Air Act and as is expected to continue to be in attainment
in the future.
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Carbon monoxide is a respiratory irritant that in-
terferes with the body's ability to absorb oxygen, straining the cardiovascular,
respiratory and nervous systems. It is formed during the incomplete combus-
tion of fossil fuels, its primary source being highway and non-highway motor
vehicles. Incomplete combustion is most common during the winter months
when fuel combustion and pollution control equipment are less efficient. Dur-
ing the winter months vehicles emit larger amounts of CO due to cold starts and
longer warm-up periods.
Highway mobile CO emissions are highest in Forsyth and Guilford coun-
ties followed by Davidson, Alamance, Randolph and Surry counties. That is to
be expected considering that these counties also top the region in terms of ve-
hicle miles traveled. Forsyth county violated CO standards during the 1988-1989
period, and was designated non-attainment. That triggered a number of manda-
tory pollution abatement requirements, most notably the institution of an oxy-
genated fuels program. Since 1990, Forsyth has been in compliance with the
standards and was re-designated as a CO maintenance area in 1995. If it remains
in compliance, the region will regain its attainment status.
Particulate Matter (PM): Particulate matter includes airborne dust and other
fine matter that is small enough to bypass the respiratory system's natural de-
fenses. In sufficient doses, PM can aggravate asthma and coughing, make breath-
ing difficult, contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, cause lung dam-
age, and weaken the immune system. There are numerous sources for particu-
late matter, some man-made and some natural. Of man-made sources, the most
common are automobiles, followed by power plants and other industries. Cur-
rent standards for airborne particulate matter are under 10 micrometers in size
(PM10). The Piedmont Triad region has never been in violation of the air quality
standards for PM10, nor is it expected to in the near future even under the 1998
revised PM10 standards.
Recently, the EPA designated a new classification of particulate matter that
specifically delineates an even smaller class of airborne particulate matter, PM2.5
(particulate matter that is under 2.5 micrometers in size.) The standards them-
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 39
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selves are currently held up in litigation, and it is still unknown whether the new
PM2.5 standards will be enforced in the near future. Meanwhile, the state of
North Carolina is process of setting up and testing new monitoring stations for
PM2.5. The region still has several years of data collection before the attainment
status of the region is known.
Ozone (03): Ozone is the most commonly recognizable air quality problem
in the Triad region. Daily reports of the anticipated 03 levels have become a
common feature of local weather reports in the Triad and other areas of North
Carolina during the summer months. Ozone is not emitted directly, but rather
forms from the reaction of several precursors in the sunlight, typically when out-
door temperatures are high. Therefore, 03 is primarily a health concern during
the summer, late spring, and early fall months. The most common precursors to
ozone formation are reactive organic gases (ROG's), also known as volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxide (NOx).
The Piedmont Triad was classified as a moderate non-attainment area for
03 between the years of 1987 and 1989. After demonstrating three years of 03
attainment from 1990 through 1992, the region was reclassified as a maintenance
area for 03 under the EPA standards. That means that the Triad is no longer in
violation of air quality standards for 03.
In 1998, the EPA changed the statutorv requirements for 03 attainment from
a 1-hour standard to an 8-hour standard to reflect recent evidence on the health
effects of 03 at different levels of exposure. The new standards are currently in
litigation, and their final fate is as yet unknown. Despite the litigation, the state
of North Carolina has adopted its own ozone standards to coincide with the new
8-hour EPA standards. 03 levels must be measured and analyzed for three years
(1997-1999) under the new standards before the attainment status of the region
can be determined.
Preliminary data indicates that certain areas in the Triad are failing to meet
the new standards for 03. Therefore, it is expected that the Triad will be in des-
ignated non-attainment when monitoring is complete. The state must also rec-
ommend the boundaries of the non-attainment areas under the new EPA stan-
dards. Thus far three alternative designations for the Triad have been proposed.
The first alternative designates only the urban areas of the ten Winston-Salem
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) counties (Yadkin, Rockingham, Alamance,
Davie, Davidson, Randolph, Guilford, Forsyth, Stokes, and Caswell). The sec-
ond recommends non-attainment status for the three counties with violating
monitors (Guilford, Forsyth and Davidson) and the urban portions in the remain-
ing MSA counties. The third alternative, the one recommended by the EPA, in-
cludes all of the counties of the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) that include
violations of the standards. Under the third alternative, all of the ten county
Winston-Salem/Greensboro MSA would be designated non-attainment. The state
40 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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has yet to make its final recommendation, but it is ultimately up to the EPA to
decide if it accepts the states' recommendation.
Water
Winston-Salem and surrounding communities have an ample supply of water
from the Yadkin River. This is in marked contrast to Greensboro, which has had
significant problems meeting demand. Unlike other cities in the region, Greens-
boro depends on receiving water from a water basin that is very limited in size.
The Reedy Fork Creek drainage basin supplies Greensboro's water supply lakes.
The basin is 130 square miles in size, and is located in a rural area in northern
Guilford County. Only a portion of the basin is located above the town's dam,
and water below the dam escapes capture. Consequently, the effective size of
the town's watershed is only 105 miles. Drinking water is supplied by three
lakes - Lake Higgins, Lake Brant, and Lake Townsend. Those lakes are also
small -1500, 785, and 280 acres in size, respectively.
There is a dear mismatch between Greensboro's growth and its limited water
supply. The city has been very vulnerable to changes in rainfall levels, as was
made clear in its 1998 water crisis, which, at its peak, left only 85 days of water in
its lakes. Greensboro has occasionally denied companies with large water de-
mands from locating in the area. Even with the conservation efforts that begin in
1991 in place, daily demand is approximately 46 million gallons of water per day
(mgd). While the capacity of the city's two water treatment plants together are
54 mgd, the safe yield for its lakes was reported to be only 36 million gallons per
day in 1992. The city also has tanks that store an additional 15.5 million, and has
made arrangements to purchase water from other communities in times of crisis.
In 1996, Greensboro finalized arrangements to purchase water from Winston-
Salem and High Point in times of crisis.
The Environmental Protection Agency's recent approval of the Randleman
Reservoir project has cleared the way for a required review by the Army Corps
of Engineers. Current projections indicate the reservoir will help Greensboro,
High Point, and other Triad communities meet water demands for the next thirty
years. The reservoir may be in operation as early as 2002.
A Regional View: Until recently, the problem meeting demand for water
was one that each town faced independently. Recently, the state recognized that
municipal water supply systems are interdependent, and that shortages in one
municipality's systems can have consequences for surrounding communities.
Communities commonly underestimate the magnitude of future water demand
and, consequently, often find themselves unprepared to manage the high levels
of demand induced by unexpected growth. In addition, cities tend to base plans
for providing water supply during shortfalls on water transfer agreements with
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 41

surrounding communities. Problems can arise if surrounding cities have also
underestimated their own capacity to supply water.
Every five years, municipalities are required to submit a state water supply
plan (SWSP) to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The
plans report the amount of water available from each municipality's treatment
facility in million gallons per day (mgd), average daily demand in mgd and the
estimated size of the current population being served, estimates of future de-
mand, and plans for developing additional capacity. The state uses the informa-
tion to flag areas with demand levels that are more than 80 percent of the "safe
yield" provided by local water bodies. Safe yield is a measure the minimum
amount of water available from a water body, given historical patterns of rainfall.
We used data from the most recently available water supply plans (1992)
along with 1998 data from the larger Triad municipal water authorities to create a
summary view of water usage in the region. Aggregating data from supply plans
to the regional level provides a means of examining the region's general long-
term disposition with respect to accommodating new water demand. We only
examine towns that demand over 2 million gallons per day. We use 1992 self
reported average daily demand and self reported maximum supply capacity as a
starting point. We also assume all agreements to supply water to other towns are
fully met, that there is a directly proportional relationship between population
size and demand, that city population growth rates follow county rates, and that
all planned facilities come on line by 2005.
Based on 1992 water supply plans, 82 percent of the aggregate capacity of
the regions water systems was used to service the region's aggregate daily de-
mand for water in that year. Some 89 percent of the regions capacity to produce
water was being used in 1998, and 76 percent of all capacity will be in use if new
projects (including Randleman Reservoir) come on line by 2005. Because the
region's water supply system is not actually interconnected, this measure serves
only as a crude device for anticipating constraints on the magnitude of new growth
that could be allocated "somewhere" in the region. It does suggest that while
individual communities may face few water constraints into the foreseeable fu-
ture, from a regional perspective, ensuring an adequate water supply will con-
tinue to be an important issue.
42 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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CHAPTER THREE
The Economic Impact
of the FedEx Hub
Construction and operations expenditures related to the FedEx hub will
affect the Piedmont Triad economy in two principal ways. First, each
dollar spent will generate additional dollars through successive rounds
of spending (termed multiplier or ripple effects). Second, based on the experi-
ence of other hub locations (e.g., Indianapolis, Memphis, Alliance), the presence
of the FedEx hub facility is very likely to attract wholly new enterprises to the
region. This chapter quantifies the first type of impact: total gross output, in-
come, and employment impacts generated by the hub's construction and opera-
tion, given the Triad's current industrial and commercial makeup. The next chap-
ter discusses the likely scope of downstream economic activity related to FedEx's
operations in the Triad.
At the time of this writing, some $310 million is expected to be spent build-
ing the sorting facility itself and acquiring equipment required for day to day
operations. An additional $200 million will be spent on site improvements and
the upgrading of airport facilities. On average, FedEx will spend $37.2 million
per year operating the hub, according to company officials, a review of two prior
economic impact studies, and North Carolina Department of Commerce projec-
tions.
Our estimate of the total ten-year economic impact of the facility on the
Piedmont Triad falls in the range of $1.63 to $1.71 billion (1998 dollars, see Table
2). Our average of two plausible impact scenarios is $1.67 billion. Construction-
related activity will inject approximately $867 million into the regional economy
over three years, while total operations impacts are estimated at $803 million,
over ten years. The construction phase of the project will create between 10,200
and 14,825 temporary full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs; the hub's operation will
create an average of just under 1,300 FTE positions over ten years.
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 43
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Table 2
Summary of Impacts, FedEx Mid-Atlantic Hub
Direct Indirect Induced Total
Output Impacts (in millions of 1998 dollars)
Construction (low) 375.5 352.1 95.3 822.8
Construction (high) 398.4 402.8 109.8 911.0
Construction (high-low average) 386.9 377.4 102.5 866.9
Operations 385.8 336 81.4 803.2
Total (low) 761.3 688.1 176.7 1,626.0
Total (high) 784.2 738.8 191.2 1,714.2
Total 772.7 713.4 183.9 1,670.1
Employment Impacts (in full-time equivalent jobs)
Construction (low) 5,392 3,983 1,362 10,737
Construction (high) 8,529 4,727 1,569 14,825
Construction (high-low average) 6,961 4,355 1,466 12,781
Operations 8,436 3,359 1,163 12,958
Total 15,397 7,713 2,629 25,739
Annual Average, Operations 844 336 116 1,296
Source: IMPLAN economic modeling software, author's estimates.
The reader is cautioned that given the highly fluid nature of the shipping
and logistics industry, the ultimate nature and/or scale of the hub may differ from
the present scenario. In addition, it will likely continue to change as Internet
commerce, advanced technology industries, and evolving management strate-
gies alter the way goods and services are produced and delivered to consumers.
Our analysis indicates that the transportation, communications and public
utilities (TCPU), construction, manufacturing, and services sectors will garner 80
percent of the impacts, as the facility is presently designed. A majority of the
projected jobs fall into the following occupational categories: operators, fabrica-
tors and laborers; precision production, craft and repair occupations; adminis-
trative support occupations; and service occupations.
Our estimate of $1.6-1.7 billion in total impacts is about 30 percent lower
than that reported in an April 1998 study commissioned by the Greensboro Area
Chamber of Commerce (GACC). The difference between our results and the
GAAC's is primarily due to differences in estimated projected annual operations
spending by FedEx at the Mid-Atlantic Hub. The GACC effectively estimates
expenditures at the hub at around $73 million per year. Based on a review of NC
Department of Commerce information, data supplied by FedEx, and other sources,
44 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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we anticipate hub expenditures will be closer to $39 million per year. Below we
compare the results of the two studies in detail. It is important to note that our
result is based on considerably more information than was available at the time
of the GACC study, which was conducted with limited resources and in a very
short period of time.
Methodology
The addition of a new commercial or industrial enterprise, such as the FedEx
Mid-Atlantic hub, expands a region's economic base by exporting goods and ser-
vices outside the region and stimulates internal economic activity by hiring local
workers and purchasing supplies and equipment from regional vendors. Work-
ers and vendors make purchases from other regional businesses, which, in turn,
make local purchases, and so on, until all of the original spending has "leaked"
from the region.
Economic impacts generated by the FedEx facility are of three types: direct,
indirect, and induced. Direct impacts are the total change in regional final de-
mand (or change in volume of goods and services delivered to final users) result-
ing from the construction and operation of the hub. Indirect impacts are the
summation of total regional inter-industry purchases (purchases and sales among
regional businesses) stimulated by hub construction and non-labor operations
expenditures. Induced impacts are the summation of local inter-industry pur-
chases originating with payments to FedEx employees.
We use multipliers generated by RAPLAN Pro economic modeling software
(a product of Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc.) to calculate indirect and induced
impacts in the twelve county Piedmont Triad. The study time horizon includes a
construction period, which has already begun with the preparation of the Envi-
ronmental Impact Study, and ten full years of operations (beginning in 2005, upon
the completion of the facility).
Direct Impacts and Model Assumptions
To determine direct impacts, we collected data on all projected and known spend-
ing involved in the construction and annual operation of the hub, determined
what share of purchases and hiring will be made locally, and assigned expendi-
tures to IMPLAN-based industry sectors. Expenditures originating from local
sources and paid to other local entities are transfer payments and are not in-
cluded in direct impacts (e.g., some construction spending constitutes transac-
tions between non-local entities and thus generates no local impacts).
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 45

Construction
The development of the hub requires the expansion and improvement of airport
facilities as well as the construction of the sorting and shipping facility itself.
According to The Piedmont Triad Airport Authority (PTAA), approximately $200
million will be spent to clear the site, build an additional runway and associated
taxiways, install navigational equipment and lighting (NAVAIDS), acquire land
for a flight protection zone, reconstruct and upgrade roadways, and construct a
new maintenance building. Table 3 reports expenditures in major categories;
note that the figure represents a summation of much finer spending categories
identified with information supplied by the PTAA and NC Department of Com-
merce. Funds will derive from a mix of sources: PTAA, state government, and
the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
To constitute a change in regional final demand, construction expenditures
must originate outside the region and be used to purchase goods and services
from local vendors. Improvements financed by PTAA (about $16.7 million in
Table 3
Construction Expenditures and Direct Impact Estimates
Non- Labor (local) Local Non-Labor Direct Impacts
Expenditure Category Total Transfer High Low High Low High Low Avg.
Airport Upgrades
Site Prep 17.1 16.2 7.2 4.2 8.8 11.8 16.0 16.0 16.0
Runway 63.6 60.2 24.9 13.6 29.7 40.4 54.7 54.0 54.4
Taxiways 26.3 24.9 10.3 5.6 12.3 16.8 22.7 22.4 22.6
NAVAI DS 10.3 9.8 1.8 0.7 1.3 1.5 3.0 2.2 2.6
Land Acquisition 35.7 33.8 33.8 27.0 0.0 0.0 33.8 27.0 30.4
Maintenance Building 2.5 2.4 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4
Old Oak Ridge Road Construction 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NCDOT (Roadways, Bridges, Tunnels) 36.1 36.1 16.2 9.0 19.9 27.1 36.1 36.1 36.1
Miscellaneous 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Subtotal 200.0 183.4 95.3 60.7 73.3 99.4 168.7 160.1 164.4
Sorting Facility and Equipment
Sorting equip. & installation 80.0 80.0 16.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 8.0 12.0
Building 161.0 161.0 60.4 40.3 90.6 108.7 150.9 148.9 149.9
Site Improvements 69.0 69.0 28.9 19.3 30.4 38.1 59.3 57.4 58.4
Ground Support Equipment, misc. 25.0 25.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 1.3
Colonial Pipeline Extension 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0
Subtotal 336.0 336.0 108.3 67.9 121.6 147.6 229.7 215.3 222.5
TOTAL 536.0 519.4 203.6 128.6 194.9 247.0 398.4 375.4 386.9
Source: NC Department of Commerce, Piedmont Triad Airport Authority and consultants, industry experts, and
others (see text).
46 Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities

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total, spread among several categories in Table 3) are transfer payments between
local entities. The third column of Table 3 reports the volume of spending that
does not constitute intra-regional transfers.
Given estimates of non-transfer airport upgrade expenditures by detailed
category, we must determine specific goods and services purchased under each
category as well as payments to labor. We have done this in two steps. First, we
estimate the share of expenditures in each category that are made within the
region. Information on local versus non-local expenditures was derived via in-
terviews with FedEx and NC Department of Commerce officials. For example, a
share ($10.3 million) of the $200 million in airport upgrades includes FAA-funded
acquisition of NAVAIDS equipment from non-local vendors. Because those trans-
actions occur directly between the FAA and its national vendors, the money does
not enter the region and therefore does not alter regional final demand.
Second, of local expenditures, we determined the share that represents pay-
ments to labor and purchases from regional industries. A complete "bill-of-goods"
estimation of construction impacts would require itemized budgetary informa-
tion on every construction spending category. Since we lack that information,
we first use industry sources and judgement to estimate the share of spending
by category that constitutes labor payments. Also, because our estimates of labor
costs are uncertain, we developed two labor cost share scenarios (labeled high
and low in Table 3). The remainder of expenditures under both scenarios are
assigned to specific industry sectors based on underlying production functions
contained in IMPLAN. In total, we estimate that between $160 and $169 million
(or an average of $164 million) of the $200 million in airport upgrade expendi-
tures is new local spending.
The Federal Aviation Administration is expected to finance 90 percent of
airport upgrade costs with state government and PTAA each providing a 5 per-
cent FAA match and paying for road construction and miscellaneous improve-
ments not eligible for FAA funding. The NC Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) will provide $36.1 million for road improvements. Note that we as-
sume state funds would not have been spent in the Triad if not for the FedEx
project.
On top of airport upgrades, an additional $336 million will be spent con-
structing the building itself, acquiring equipment, and providing fuel service to
the site (labeled facility and equipment expenditures in Table 3).13 As part of an
incentives package negotiated with the state, FedEx is exempted from adhering
to low-bid contracting requirements, thus ensuring that the company will be able
to purchase specialized computer and sorting equipment from its own out-of-
state vendors. (We do estimate that a small share of such expenditures will be
used to hire local labor for installation.) FedEx will spend roughly $25 million to
purchase ground support equipment from non-local suppliers and a nearby pri-
Federal Express in the Piedmont Triad: Economic Impacts and Opportunities 47
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