20090901 Ver 1_Restoration Plan_20090820

RESTORATION PLAN
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
FRENCH BROAD RIVER BASIN CATALOGING UNIT 06010105
Prepared for:
?U G `.'.0 2G0'J
OEN?l9STG? Qo'AL
The Cliffs at High Carolina
3598 Highway 11
Travelers Rest, SC 29690
Prepared by:
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
And
0 1 ?fr e. e
NKM
Wolf Creek Engineering, PLLC
30 Ben Lippen School Road, Suite 203
Asheville, North Carolina
828-505-2186
April 3, 2009
RESTORATION PLAN
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
v
Wolf Creek Engineering, pllc
30 Ben Lippen School Road, Suite 203 homes
Asheville, North Carolina r
828-505-2186
S. Grant Ginn, P.E.
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE RESTORATION PLAN
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Restoration Systems, LLC proposes to restore, enhance, and preserve reaches of Shoal Creek,
Crab Creek, and four (4) of their tributaries at a site located in southwestern Henderson
County. A portion of the Shoal Falls Farm Restoration Site (the Site) is under contract to The
Cliffs at High Carolina (the Cliffs) to provide compensatory mitigation for stream and
wetland impacts as described elsewhere in the Cliffs' 401/404 permit application. The Site
has the potential to provide a total of 5,704 Stream Mitigation Units (SMUs) and 0.66
Wetland Mitigation Units (WMUs).
General Site Conditions
The Shoal Falls Farm Restoration Site encompasses approximately 24.2 acres of
predominantly agricultural and forested land located less than one mile east of the
Henderson/Transylvania County line and approximately eight miles southwest of the Town of
Hendersonville. The Site is located within the French Broad River Basin (Cataloguing Unit
06010105). The Site includes approximately 4,873 linear feet of degraded channels proposed
for restoration and enhancement, approximately 3,375 linear feet of stable channels
designated as preservation, approximately 0.84 acres of degraded wetlands, and 11.3 acres of
impacted riparian buffers. Crab Creek is classified as trout waters and brook trout have been
identified on the upper reaches of Shoal Creek.
Historic land use at the Site has consisted primarily of agriculture and livestock grazing.
Streams within the Site were historically accessible to livestock, resulting in local
disturbances to stream banks and wetland soil surfaces. Additional land use practices,
including the maintenance and removal of riparian vegetation, and relocating, dredging, and
straightening of on-site streams have contributed to the degraded water quality and unstable
channel characteristics.
Restoration Concept
Restoration and enhancement practices proposed for this project have been designed with the
intent to minimize unnecessary disturbance to adjacent land and to protect mature riparian
vegetation where it exists. Professional judgment has been used to determine which channel
reaches could potentially benefit most from preservation or enhancement over full restoration.
Where restoration was determined to be warranted, consideration was given to which reaches
could best be served by maintaining as much of the existing channel pattern as possible.
Proposed Crab Creek is designed as a Type C4 stream. This channel configuration provides
stable and natural form in the terraced, gently sloping alluvial valley (Valley Type VIII) in
which the existing stream is found. Proposed Shoal Creek and Wyatt Branch are designed as
Type B4 and Type B4c streams. These channel configurations provide the most stable and
natural form for these slightly entrenched channels flowing through moderately sloped
colluvial valleys (Valley Type II). The proposed channel dimensions, patterns, and profiles
are based on hydraulic relationships and morphologic dimensionless ratios of the reference
reaches.
The installation of brush, rock, and wood structures will be utilized throughout the restored
reaches of the Site. Brush toe structures will be installed along the channel toes to provide
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SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE RESTORATION PLAN
roughness and bank stability on outer meander bends. Rock cross vanes will be used for
grade control to prevent headcut formation. Log vanes with rootwads will be installed in
meander bends to direct the flow away from the outside of the bend and provide toe and bank
protection. On-site material including brush, boulders, logs, and bed material will be used to
the maximum extent possible and in-stream structures will be designed to improve trout
habitat.
Proposed wetland restoration areas were previously impacted by agricultural grading
activities that have buried the hydric soils and diminished the hydroperiod. Soils that have
been compacted due to historic agricultural activities will be scarified, overburden material
will be excavated, and surface drainage features will be backfilled to provide improved
groundwater retention. Areas where jurisdictional wetlands presently occur will be enhanced
by the planting of appropriate woody and herbaceous plantings. Each wetland restoration and
enhancement area will be planted with species appropriate to the ecoregion and will promote
the functionality of the wetlands as integral parts of the riparian corridor.
Restoration Activities
Specific restoration, enhancement, and preservation activities will include the following:
• Restore approximately 4,967 linear feet of stream through Priority 1 and 2 restoration
strategies (4,967 SMUs at a ratio of 1:1),
• Enhance approximately 375 linear feet of stream (250 SMUs at a ratio of 1.5:1),
• Preserve approximately 2,434 linear feet of stream (487 SMUs at a ratio of 5:1),
• Restore approximately 0.49 acres of wetlands (0.49 WMUs at a ratio of 1:1),
• Enhance approximately 0.35 acres of wetlands (0.17 WMUs at a ratio of 2:1),
• Preserve approximately 0.03 acres of wetlands (0.006 WMUs at a ratio of 5:1),
• Restore approximately 11.3 acres of riparian buffers, and
• Preserve approximately 8.3 acres of riparian buffers.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................i
1.0 SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION ...............................................................1
1.1 DIRECTIONS TO SITE ......................................................................................................1
1.2 USGS HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODE AND NCDWQ RIVER BASIN DESIGNATION ...............1
2.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION ......................................................................1
2.1 DRAINAGE AREAS .........................................................................................................1
2.2 SURFACE WATER CLASSIFICATION / WATER QUALITY .................................................2
2.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND SOILS .........................................................................2
2.4 HISTORIC LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS .......................................................2
2.5 PLANT COMMUNITIES .....................................................................................................2
2.6 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ....................................................................3
2.61 Summary of Listed Species ................................................................................. 3
2.62 Summary of Anticipated Effects .......................................................................... 4
2.7 CULTURAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................4
2.8 POTENTIAL CONSTRAINTS .............................................................................................5
3.0 SITE STREAMS ..............................................................................................................5
3.1 CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION ............................................................5
3.2 FISH SURVEY .................................................................................................................6
3.3 DISCHARGE AND BANKFULL VERIFICATION ..................................................................6
3.4 CHANNEL STABILITY ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................6
4.0 REFERENCE STREAMS ...............................................................................................7
4.1 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION ................................................................................7
4.2 CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION ............................................................7
4.3 DISCHARGE AND BANKFULL VERIFICATION ..................................................................8
4.4 CHANNEL STABILITY ASSESSMENT ............................................................................... 8
4.5 VEGETATION .................................................................................................................8
5.0 SITE WETLANDS ...........................................................................................................8
5.1 JURISDICTIONAL WETLANDS .........................................................................................8
5.2 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION ........................................................................... 9
5.3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................10
5.4 PLANT COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION ...................................................................10
6.0 SITE RESTORATION PLAN ......................................................................................10
6.1 RESTORATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES .............................
6.2 PROPOSED CHANNEL DESIGN AND CLASSIFICATION ..........
6.2.1 Proposed Crab Creek ...................................................
62.2 Proposed Shoal Creek ..................................................
62.3 Proposed Wyatt Branch ................................................
6.3 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS ......................................
6.4 HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS .......................................................
6.5 PROPOSED WETLAND RESTORATION ..................................
6.6 NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITY RESTORATION ...................
661 On-Site Invasive Species Management
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.................................12
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15
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7.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................15
7.1 STREAMS AND WETLANDS ..........................................................................................15
7.2 VEGETATION ...............................................................................................................16
7.3 SCHEDULE / REPORTING ..............................................................................................16
8.0 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................17
TABLES
Table I. Restoration Structure and Objectives
Table II. Drainage Areas
Table III. Valley Slopes
Table IV. Mapped Soils
Table V. Land Use of Watershed
Table VI. Morphologic Table
Table VII. Sediment Transport Analysis
Table VIII. Wetland Impacts
Table IX. Designated Vegetative Communities
FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2. Watershed Map
Figure 3. Soil Survey Map
Figure 4. Existing Hydrologic Features Map
Figure 5. Proposed Hydrologic Features Map
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Site Photographs
Appendix B. Existing Site Stream Data
Appendix C. NCDWQ Stream Forms
Appendix D. Reference Reach Photographs
Appendix E. Reference Reach Data
Appendix F. Design Calculations
Appendix G. Biological Surveys
Appendix H. Existing Wetland Data
Appendix I. Design Sheets
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1.0 SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION
1.1 Directions to Site
The Shoal Falls Farm Restoration Site (the Site) is located in southwest Henderson County,
approximately eight (8) miles south of the town of Hendersonville (see Figure 1). To reach
the Site from Asheville, take I-26 east approximately twelve (12) miles to the Asheville
Regional Airport exit (Exit 40). Turn right onto Airport Road and proceed approximately 4.8
miles to Haywood Road and turn left. After approximately 0.4 miles, turn right onto Banner
Farm Road and follow for approximately 3.6 miles. At the intersection with US-64 turn right
and proceed approximately 7.4 miles to Crab Creek Road. Turn left onto Crab Creek Road
and follow for approximately 4.5 miles to Shoal Falls Road. The first bridge on Shoal Falls
Road is the westernmost end of the site located at a latitude/longitude of 35.235994° N and
82.597417° W.
1.2 USGS Hydrologic Unit Code and NCDWQ River Basin Designation
The Site is located in the French Broad River Basin, United States Geological Survey (USGS)
14-digit Hydrologic Unit 06010105010080, within the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) sub basin 04-03-02. This is not a Targeted Local Watershed; however, it is
within a Priority Subbasin (NCWRP 2001). Site tributaries are not listed on the NCDWQ
draft 2004 or 2006 303(d) lists (NCDWQ 2004, 2006a). Shoal Creek drains to Crab Creek
approximately 600 feet downstream of the project. Crab Creek flows into the Little River
approximately 2.4 miles downstream which in turn drains into the French Broad River
another 2.5 miles downstream. Shoal Creek and Crab Creek have been assigned the Stream
Index Numbers 6-38-23-4 and 6-38-23 by DWQ, respectively. Site tributaries drain to the
section of the French Broad River that has been assigned the Stream Index Number 6-(27).
2.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION
The Site is located in the Blue Ridge hydrophysiographic region of North Carolina (see
Figure 2). The Site watershed is characteristic of the Mountain region with moderate rainfall
and steep valley walls. Annual precipitation within Henderson County averages 56.6 inches
and elevations within the Site range from 2400 ft. on upper slopes above Shoal Creek Falls to
2120 ft. at the site outfall (NGVD). The Site encompasses approximately 8,250 linear feet of
streams including Crab Creek, Shoal Creek and five tributaries named for the purposes of
this project as Wyatt Branch, Pace Branch, Little Pace Branch, Hubbard Branch, and
Sky Valley Branch.
2.1 Drainage Areas
The drainage area of Crab Creek is 6.19 mil (3,962 ac) at the upstream end of the Site and
6.40 mil (4,096 ac) at the downstream end. At its confluence with Crab Creek, the drainage
area of Wyatt Branch is 0.067 mil (43 ac). The drainage area of Shoal Creek at the upstream
end of the project is 2.27 mil (1,453 ac) and 2.34 mil (1501 ac) at the downstream end of the
Site. At their respective confluences with Shoal Creek, the drainage areas of the tributaries
are: Hubbard Branch, 0.047 mil (30 ac); and Pace Branch, 0.04 mil (25 ac). See Table II for a
complete listing of the drainage areas.
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2.2 Surface Water Classification / Water Quality
According to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(NCDENR), Division of Water Quality (DWQ) website, Crab Creek has been assigned a Best
Usage Classification of C, Tr, and HQW. Shoal Creek has been assigned a Best Usage
Classification of C. The section of the French Broad River that Site tributaries drain to has
been assigned the Best Usage Classification of B, and is Fully Supporting its intended uses
(NCDWQ 2001b, NCDWQ 2005). Class B waters are suitable for primary recreation
activities and all other Class C uses. Class C waters are suitable for aquatic life propagation
and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. The designation Tr
(Trout Waters) includes areas protected for natural trout propagation and survival of stocked
trout. The designation HQW (High Quality Waters) includes areas possessing special
qualities including excellent water quality, Native or special Native Trout Waters, Critical
Habitat areas, or WS-1 and WS-11 water supplies.
2.3 Physiography, Geology, and Soils
The Site is located in the Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains ecoregion of North
Carolina. Regional physiography is characterized by gently rounded to steep slopes and
narrow valleys with high gradient, clear streams over bedrock and boulder substrate. The
underlying geology consists of primarily metamorphic rocks composed of gneiss and schist
covered by mostly acidic, loamy soils. The valleys associated with Shoal Creek are
moderately sloped colluvial valleys (Valley Type II) with cross-slopes ranging from 1% to
85% and longitudinal slopes typically ranging from 0.8% to 3.8%. The Crab Creek valley is a
gently sloping, broad alluvial valley (Valley Type VIII) with cross-slopes ranging from 1% to
4% and longitudinal slopes ranging from 0.3% to 0.4%. See Table III for a listing of the
valley slopes within the Site.
The Site lies in the low mountains of North Carolina, just east of the Little River, in rolling
topography underlain by metamorphic gneisses and schists. The side slopes and steep
escarpments in the area are well drained, moderately permeable, and generally have brown,
sandy-loamy sub-soils (Evard, Ashe, Tusquitee Soil Series). The alluvial soils along the
stream systems in the area are generally underlain by yellowish-brown, loamy sub-soils
belonging to the Codorus series. These moderately to somewhat poorly drained soils are
moderately permeable and are non-hydric.
2.4 Historic Land Use and Development Trends
The watershed upstream of the Site is characterized mainly by agricultural and forested land
(see Table V). Residential land use accounts for only a marginal percentage of the watershed.
Currently rural residential land use makes up approximately 3 percent of the watershed and
impervious area covers less than 1 percent of the total watershed. On-site land uses include
pastureland for beef cattle, hay production, and mature forest stands. Grazing livestock have
historically had access to most on-site stream reaches and the adjacent terraces. Although the
landowner has recently erected fencing adjacent to the stream in some portions of the Site, the
lack of deep-rooted vegetation and unstable channel characteristics appears to have
contributed to the degradation of stream banks.
2.5 Plant Communities
The Site is characterized by pastureland, forested slopes, and poorly developed/disturbed
riparian buffers. Pastureland is comprised of planted grassy species with various herbaceous
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invasive species interspersed throughout. Invasive species include clover (Trifolium sp.),
Queen Anne's-lace (Daucus carota), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), dandelion
(Taraxacum officinale), milkweed (Asclepias sp.), goldenrod (Solidago sp.), nightshade
(Solanum carolinense), and dock (Rumex sp.). Pastureland is heavily grazed and/or regularly
maintained, thereby reducing sapling establishment.
The margins of Crab Creek have recently been fenced to exclude livestock from the stream
banks. Riparian vegetation is predominantly characterized by herbaceous species due to the
recent establishment of livestock exclusionary barriers; however, a few hearty herbaceous and
shrub/sapling species are interspersed along the stream banks consisting of rose (Rosa sp.),
blackberry (Rubus sp.), joe-pyeweed (Eutrochium sp.), tag alder (Alnus serrulata), black
willow (Salix nigra), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and dogwood (Corpus florida).
Fallow fields and native forest occur in the upper reaches of Shoal Creek. Fallow fields
appear to have been utilized for grazing or hay production in the past, with cessation of
maintenance occurring approximately two (2) years prior to the site visit. The fields are
characterized by similar species associated with pastureland and riparian vegetation, with
more mature development.
Native forest vegetation occurs along the margins of Shoal Creek and its tributaries, and is
primarily characterized by riparian species such as tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera),
various elms (Ulmus spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and hemlock (Tsuga sp.) with a dense
understory of doghobble (Leucothoe fontanesiana), spice bush (Lindera benzoin), and
mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia).
2.6 Threatened and Endangered Species
A preliminary analysis of potential conflicts with federally listed threatened and endangered
species was performed for the areas that will be affected by restoration efforts.
2.6.1 Summary of Listed Species
There are eight (8) federally listed species with at least historical record of occurrence in
Henderson County as identified through the US Fish & Wildlife Service website. The listed
species as well as their designation are as follows: bog turtle, threatened - similarity of
appearance (T S/A); Appalachian elktoe, endangered (E); oyster mussel, endangered (E);
bunched arrowhead, endangered (E); mountain sweet pitcherplant, endangered (E); small-
whorled pogonia, threatened (T); swamp pink, threatened (T); and white irisette, endangered
(E)•
Note: The designation "T (S/A) " refers to a taxon which is threatened due to a similarity of
appearance with other rare species. In this instance, the listed bog turtle is designated T
(S/A) as a means of protecting the rare northern subspecies of bog turtle.
The preliminary analysis of potential conflicts with federally listed species concluded that two
species (Appalachian elktoe and oyster mussel) need further field assessment in order to
determine if restoration activities will have an impact on them.
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana): A small, subovate- to kidney-shaped
freshwater mussel that grows to approximately 3.1 inches in length, 1.4 inches in
height, and 1.0 inches in width. Juveniles are yellowish brown, but the periostracum
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(outer shell surface) is thicker and dark brown in adults. Individuals may be variably
marked with prominent to obscure greenish rays. Endemic to the upper Tennessee
River system in the mountains of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, a
new population has been found in the Little River near the Henderson-Transylvania
County Line (personal communication, Mark Cantrell, USFWS, July 11, 2001).
Suitable habitat is comprised of well-oxygenated riffle areas with sand and gravel
substrate among cobbles and boulders.
Oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis): A small, freshwater mussel reaching
approximately 2.1 inches in length. The shell is dull to sub-shiny and yellowish to
green with numerous dark green rays. This species is endemic to the Cumberland and
Tennessee River drainages in Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and North
Carolina. All known populations are small and vulnerable to disturbance. This
species is now considered to have been "formerly spotted" in the French Broad River
(LeGrand and Hall 2004). Suitable habitat is comprised of shallow flowing streams
over gravel and cobble substrate.
2.6.2 Summary of Anticipated Effects
Based on the scope of proposed work involved in implementing the restoration activities, land
disturbing activities will occur only in a narrow band (+/- 100 feet wide) along portions of
both riparian corridors. A review of the habitat requirements for each of the listed species
confirms that the project activities will not disturb habitats for the bog turtle, bunched
arrowhead, mountain sweet pitcherplant, small-whorled pogonia, swamp pink, or white
irisette. Best Management Practies (BMPs) for the protection of surface waters and HQW
guidelines (Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds) will be strictly enforced during
implementation of the project.
Appalachian elktoe and oyster mussel: As suitable habitat for these two species exists
within the proposed project area, a freshwater mussel survey was conducted by aquatic
biologists from The Catena Group on March 18, 2009. The results of this
investigation indicate that freshwater mussels are likely not present within the Site and
therefore restoration activities are "Not Likely to Adversely Affect" these species.
(See Appendix G, Biological Surveys for full report.)
2.7 Cultural Resources
Field visits were conducted on July 28, 2006 to ascertain the presence of structures or features
that may be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. One structure occurs within
the proposed easement; a log cabin with several associated out-structures. Based on
conversations with the landowner, the cabin and out-structures were constructed in the 1940s.
Implementation of this project is expected to be limited to pastureland and fallow fields. The
structure is contained within mature forest located at the base of Shoal Creek Falls in an area
outside of the conservation easement. This area is not proposed to be disturbed during the
project implementation. No other structures or features are present within the easement;
therefore, no impacts are anticipated to known structures that are eligible for inclusion on the
National Register of Historic Places.
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2.8 Potential Constraints
Three bridges and three culvert crossings bound the streams within the Site: (1) Crab Creek
by a bridge at the upstream and downstream ends, (2) Shoal Creek by a culvert crossing at the
upstream end and a bridge at the downstream end, (3) Wyatt Branch by a culvert at the
upstream end, and (4) Sky Valley Branch by a culvert at the upstream end. An existing
1940s-era dam and approximately 150-ft waterfall are located between the upper Shoal Creek
restoration reach and the lower preservation reach of Shoal Creek. Bedrock was identified in
several locations protruding from within the stream bed and banks along Shoal Creek. While
bedrock is not believed to be prolific throughout the site, field adjustments may be required
during construction to resolve any potential conflicts. Several ford crossings exist on Crab
Creek and Shoal Creek. These crossings will remain or be replaced to preserve access to
agricultural fields by the landowner. Hydraulic modeling is required to ensure there is no
hydrologic trespass upstream of Crab Creek or Shoal Creek due to project implementation.
Additionally, several select reaches of fencing that are located within the proposed
construction area will be removed. Buried utilities require identification which includes
specific location and marking by the construction contractor prior to commencement of
restoration activities.
The classification of Crab Creek as HQW and Trout Waters necessitate limiting construction
activities to comply with the trout moratorium. Although Shoal Creek does not carry the
trout waters classification, due to the presence of trout and especially brook trout in the upper
reaches, in-stream construction activities will not take place during the trout moratorium in
order to protect these populations.
3.0 SITE STREAMS
On-site streams have been characterized based on fluvial geomorphic principles (Rosgen
1996a). A topographic survey was conducted of the entire Site to provide information for the
development of construction plans and to provide sufficient detail to assess existing
geomorphic conditions throughout the Site.
3.1 Channel Morphology and Classification
Crab Creek has been realigned and dredged throughout the project reach, resulting in a
channel form that is incised with low sinuosity. The channel classifies as a Type E4/G4
stream under the Rosgen classification system throughout the majority of the on-site length
(Appendix B). The existing entrenchment and bank height ratios are approximately 9 and 1.4,
respectively, and the width-depth ratio is 6.6. The high bank-height ratios and low
width/depth ratios result in increasing the stress on the stream banks. The profile appears
vertically stable due to the low channel gradient, although the riffle-pool form is poorly
developed and often misaligned with the pattern, further contributing to near bank stress.
Movable bed material consists mainly of gravel with lesser constituents of cobble and sand
(See Appendix A, Site Photographs 1 - 9).
The reach of Shoal Creek upstream of the waterfall is classified as a Type G4 stream and has
an entrenchment ratio of approximately 1.8. The bank height and width-depth ratios are
approximately 2.0 and 12, respectively. The low width/depth ratio combined with the
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relatively steep channel slope of 0.01 ft/ft creates an unstable channel form displayed in the
multiple headcuts and eroding banks (See Appendix A, Site Photographs 13 - 17).
The portion of Shoal Creek designated for restoration downstream of the dam is classified as a
Type G4 stream and has an entrenchment ratio of approximately 1.6. The bank height and
width-depth ratios are approximately 1.6 and 11.3, respectively. The low width/depth ratio
combined with the relatively steep channel slope of 0.03 ft/ft creates an unstable channel form
displayed in the multiple head-cuts and eroding banks (See Appendix A, Site Photographs 22
-26).
Wyatt Branch was historically straightened and channelized to accommodate the construction
of a farm road that runs parallel to the existing channel. This Type G5 channel lacks any
pattern and has no buffer between the horse pasture and the drainage course. The channel is
generally stable, but provides very little habitat in its present state which constitutes little
more than a roadside ditch (See Appendix A, Site Photographs 10 - 12).
3.2 Fish Survey
Fish surveys were conducted at the Site on April 14, 2008 by The Catena Group. The survey
identified several populations of trout. Brook trout were found in the section of Shoal Creek
upstream of the falls with the highest concentration located in the wooded reach immediately
upstream of the falls and only sparse numbers in the more degraded reaches. Several rainbow
trout and one brown trout were identified in the lower reaches of Shoal Creek and in Crab
Creek. Most of these were found in the reach of Shoal Creek immediately downstream of the
fall and only infrequent accounts in the degraded reaches of these streams.
3.3 Discharge and Bankfull Verification
Identification of bankfull elevation on degraded reaches is subject to a significant amount of
interpretation since the features can often be difficult to distinguish and even misleading.
Verification of bankfull was accomplished by plotting the bankfull cross sectional area for
each reach against the regional curve data (see Appendix F). Also included in this plot are the
bankfull cross sectional areas for the reference reach. The graph indicates that the bankfull
elevation identified in the surveyed reaches is consistent with the regional curve data.
After verification of bankfull cross sectional area, bankfull discharge was calculated for each
surveyed reach using a single-section analysis. Manning's `n' was estimated from relative
roughness calculations of the bed material and from observation of the channel flow
conditions. Water surface slope was assumed to be consistent with the slope of the bed
profile. Discharges were then plotted against a graph of the regional curve data and bankfull
discharges from the reference reach. These data confirm that the calculated bankfull
discharges were consistent with the regional curve data.
3.4 Channel Stability Assessment
The existing channel stability was analyzed by evaluating existing width-depth ratios, bank
height ratios, and sediment transport. Width-depth ratios within the Site vary from
approximately 6 to 13 on reaches classified as Type G streams. The width-depth ratios for the
reference reach were from 14 to 16 for the Type B4 stream. The lower width-depth ratios
found within the Site on Type G reaches will result in a higher mean depth during bankfull
events and subsequent increased shear stress on the bed. Bank height ratios for stream
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reaches within the Site range from 1.4 to 2.0 with a typical value of 1.7. The bank height
ratios for the reference reach were typically 1.0 to 1.2. The higher ratios found within the Site
result in significantly increased shear stress during greater-than-bankfull flow events.
4.0 REFERENCE STREAMS
Reference reaches were sought to provide analogues for design of the proposed Type C4 and
Type B4 streams on the Site. Searches were conducted first upstream and downstream of the
Site and then into surrounding watersheds to find suitable references that contained
comparable slope, bed material, and valley type. Consideration was given to use of the
preservation reaches for the B4 reference reach. However, further investigation indicated that
these reaches were likely Type B3 streams with a considerably larger bed material and with
significant influence of bedrock on the channel form. Measurements were taken to assist in
calibration of the local geomorphic curves, but ultimately a suitable reference was located off-
site. The Type B4 reference is located on Cold Springs Creek, a tributary to the Pigeon River
in Haywood County.
Reference reach search efforts were not able to identify a suitable Type C4 reference. Type
C4 streams would typically be found in alluvial valleys which are less prevalent in the
mountain region than in other regions of the state and have been heavily impacted by
agricultural and development activities for centuries. Contacts were made to aditional
resources in the stream restoration industry including Natural Resource Conservation Service
(MRCS), North Carolina State University (NCSU), North Carolina Arboretum, and other
consultants in an effort to locate a suitable reference. All Type C steams in the mountains that
were offered as potential references were determined to be either low gradient Type B streams
(B4c) or high gradient Type C streams (C3b). Given the difficulty encountered in identifying
a suitable reference, a composite approach was pursued for development of appropriate design
parameters. In this approach upstream stable reaches are surveyed to calibrate bankfull cross
sectional area dimensions, while on-site evolutionary trends are studied to develop ratios
related to sinuosity, belt-width, and pool spacing. Additionally, typical ranges for
dimensionless ratios on Type C streams are used in conjunction with sediment transport
calculations to establish such elements as appropriate width/depth ratio, mean depth, and
maximum depth.
4.1 Watershed Characterization
The Cold Springs Creek reference reach is located in the Blue Ridge hydrophysiographic
region of North Carolina. The watershed is similar in many ways to the character of the Site
watershed including average annual rainfall, elevation changes, and valley type. The
reference watershed is rural and consists predominantly of forest stands with some grassy
fields although there are no livestock on the adjacent land. The drainage area for the Cold
Springs Creek reference is 2.77 mil.
4.2 Channel Morphology and Classification
The reference reach was selected to represent the probable configurations for the proposed
stream restoration. Detailed geomorphic survey and Level II Rosgen classification were
conducted on the reference reach (See Appendix E and Table VI).
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The Cold Springs reach is representative of a B4 channel in a moderately sloped valley with a
narrow, constrained floodplain. Bed material, channel slope, and valley form of this stream
are consistent with the Site and provide reasonable analogues for the potential channel forms
that can be expected at the Site. The Cold Springs reference reach has a D50 of 45mm, D84 of
130mm, channel slope of 0.024 ft/ft, width/depth ratio of 16, and a Type Il valley.
4.3 Discharge and Bankfull Verification
Bankfull was readily identified on the stream as it exhibited consistent indicators throughout
the reach. Verification of bankfull was accomplished by plotting the bankfull cross sectional
area against the regional curve data. The graph indicates that the bankfull identified in the
surveyed reach is consistent with the regional curve data.
After verification of bankfull cross sectional area, bankfull discharge was calculated for the
surveyed reach using a single-section analysis. Manning's `n' was estimated from relative
roughness calculations of the bed material and from observation of the channel flow
conditions. Water surface slope was assumed to be consistent with the slope of the bed
profile. Discharge was then plotted against a graph of the regional curve data. The graphing
of this data indicated that the calculated bankfull discharges were consistent with the regional
curve data.
4.4 Channel Stability Assessment
A detailed channel stability assessment was not performed for this reach since the bank and
bed stability was obvious from observation. Subsequent review of the surveyed dimensions
confirmed that width-depth ratios and bank height ratios were within the appropriate range for
stable, self maintaining streams. Additional observations included significant upstream and
downstream reconnaissance to identify any past, present, or future signs or sources of
degradation.
4.5 Vegetation
The plant community survey was performed at Cold Spring Creek on November 9, 2007.
This small stream plant community, common to the Appalachian Mountains, is located within
a mesic hardwood forest cove. The riparian plant community most closely resembles a
Montane Alluvial Forest as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). Canopy species
observed included American beech (Fagus grandifolia), black birch (Betula lenta), Eastern
hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), red oak (Quercus rubra), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and
tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). Subcanopy species included American holly (Ilex
opaca), iron wood (Carpinus caroliniana), and rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron
maximum). Herbaceous species included American alumroot (Heuchera americana), Aster
sp., Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), dog hobble (Leucothoe fontanesiana),
golden ragwort (Senecio aureus), lady fern (Athyrium asplenioides), sphagnum moss
(Sphagnum spp.), woodland stonecrop (Sedum ternatum), and Viola spp.
5.0 SITE WETLANDS
5.1 Jurisdictional Wetlands
Jurisdictional wetland limits were defined using criteria set forth in the Corps of Engineers
Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987). As stipulated in this
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manual, the presence of three clearly defined parameters (hydrophytic vegetation, hydric
soils, and evidence of wetland hydrology) are required for a wetland jurisdictional
determination.
Hydric soil limits were mapped in the field during September 2008. Extensive field surveys
confirm the presence of five (5) jurisdictional wetland areas within or adjacent to the
conservation easement of the project (Figure 4). Two of these jurisdictional wetlands,
Wetlands A and B, are degraded wetlands that are proposed for enhancement while another
three, Wetlands C, D, and E display natural, undisturbed characteristics and are proposed for
preservation. Areas R1 and R2 are non jurisdictional hydric soils proposed for restoration
which are adjacent to degraded wetlands A and B. Additionally, Area R3 is an area of non-
jurisdictional hydric soils which is proposed for restoration.
Wetland A is a low gradient alluvial fan that has formed where Hubbard Branch transitions
from a high gradient, gravel-bed channel to the moderately sloped alluvial floodplain of Shoal
Creek. Hydrology is supplied by shallow groundwater input from Hubbard Branch and
possibly by additional toe-of-slope seeps. Wetland impacts have occurred due to unrestricted
livestock access, the installation of a timber ford used for agricultural vehicle access, and
overburden/fill encroachment. These impacts have affected soil structure and decreased the
effect of the available groundwater. The wetlands are bordered by hydric soils that are non-
jurisdictional due to overburden and diminished hydroperiod.
Wetland B is a seep fed wetland that begins upslope from the Crab Creek floodplain and
continues down onto the terrace where toe-of-slope seeps provide additional hydrology. The
hydrology for the lower portions of this wetland was historically supplemented by overbank
flooding from Crab Creek, but as the stream has incised, this effect has become more limited.
Additional impacts were the result of unrestricted livestock access, overburden/backfill for
vehicular access, and ditching. Adjacent to jurisdictional wetlands, where hydrology is
diminished, areas of non jurisdictional hydric soils exist.
Proposed Wetland R3 historically supported a wetland with hydrology supplied by a toe-of-
slope seep and supplemented by Crab Creek overbank flooding. Impacts include livestock
access, partial filling for a vehicle path, grading, and ditching. Additionally, a perforated pipe
was installed to drain the wetland area into Crab Creek. The result of these impacts was a loss
of hydrology and ability to maintain functioning wetlands. Remnant hydric soils remain in
this area.
5.2 Hydrological Characterization
Due to channel incision and manipulation of channel/floodplain by land managers over the
years, overbank flooding regimes provide less frequent inundation of adjacent terraces.
However, hydrologic input from overbank flow would not have been a major source of
hydrology for these wetland areas. Seeps, either from up-slope regions or from the toe-of
slope are the primary source of hydrology for each of these wetland areas with the exception
of Wetland A which derives its primary source for shallow groundwater inputs from Hubbard
Branch.
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5.3 Soil Characteristics
Though none of the individual soil units shown on the Soil Survey of Henderson Coutny are
classified as hydric, the Codorus series is described as having inclusions of hydric Toxaway
soils. Historic and ongoing agricultural practices have impacted soils throughout the project
area. Soils within the wetland areas described above exhibit characteristics of hydric soils,
including low-chroma colors and redoxomorphic features, within the first 10 inches of the soil
profile.
5.4 Plant Community Characterization
The existing vegetation in the three wetland preservation areas (C, D and E) most closely
resemble the plant community found in Southern Appalachian Seepage Wetlands
(NatureServe, 2009) and are dominated by herbaceous species such as jewel weed (Impatiens
spp.) and moss (Sphagnum spp.). Woody vegetation is sparse in these areas.
Wetland areas A and B are proposed for enhancement and have a mix of predominantly
herbaceous and shrub species, such as rush (Juncus spp.), alder (Alnus serrulata) and
rhododendron that are common to Appalachian wetland systems. Tree species such as white
pine (Pinus strobus) and red maple (Acer rubrum) are also found in these areas.
The remaining wetland areas (R1, R2 and R3) have been heavily impacted by agricultural
practices and are currently dominated by pasture grasses such as fescue.
6.0 SITE RESTORATION PLAN
6.1 Restoration Goals and Objectives
The following goals are established to guide the restoration process for the project:
1.) Improve local water quality within the restored channel reaches as well as the
downstream watercourses through: (a) the reduction of current channel and off-site
sediment loads by restoring appropriately sized channels with stable beds and banks,
(b) the reduction of nutrient loads from adjacent agricultural fields with restored
riparian wetlands and a restored riparian buffer, and (c) the reduction of water
temperatures provided through shading of the channel by canopy species along with
the resultant increase in oxygen content.
2.) Improve local aquatic and terrestrial habitat and diversity within the restored channels
and their vicinity through: (a) the restoration of appropriate bed form to provide
habitat for fish, amphibian, and benthic species, (b) the restoration of riparian wetlands
along the stream corridor to provide additional landscape and habitat diversity, (c) the
restoration of a suitable riparian buffer corridor in order to provide both vertical and
horizontal structure and connectivity with adjacent upland areas, and (d) the
restoration of understory and canopy species in order to provide forage, cover, and
nesting for a variety of mammals, reptiles, and avian species.
3.) Preclude the construction of additional infrastructure and agricultural practices
including cattle grazing and the application of pesticides and fertilizer within the
riparian buffer area by providing a permanent conservation easement.
Through the proposed restoration activities, the following objectives will be accomplished:
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1.) Provide approximately 5,704 stream mitigation units (SMU's) through Priority I
and II restoration of approximately 4,967 linear feet of stream, enhancement of
approximately 375 linear feet of stream, and preservation of approximately 2,434
linear feet of stream.
2.) Restore natural stable channel morphology and proper sediment transport capacity.
3.) Create and/or improve bed form diversity and improve aquatic and benthic
macroinvertebrate habitat.
4.) Construct a floodplain (or local bankfull bench) that is accessible at the proposed
bankfull channel elevation.
5.) Improve channel and stream bank stabilization by integrating in-stream structures and
native bank vegetation.
6.) Provide approximately 0.66 wetland mitigation units (WMU's) through restoration
of approximately 0.49 acres of wetlands and enhancement of 0.35 acres of wetlands.
7.) Provide approximately 11.3 acres of riparian buffer restoration by establishing a
native forested and herbaceous riparian buffer plant community within a minimum
width of 30 feet from the edge of the restored channels. This new community will be
established in conjunction with the eradication of any existing exotic and/or
undesirable plant species.
8.) Improve water quality within the subject channels and the downstream receiving
waters.
6.2 Proposed Channel Design and Classification
Restoration and enhancement practices proposed for this project have been designed with the
intent to minimize unnecessary disturbance to adjacent land and to protect mature riparian
vegetation where it exists. Consideration was given to the potential functional lift provided
by restoration activities in comparison to the functional lift that could be realized through the
natural process of channel evolution. Included in this consideration was an attempt to
determine the disturbance and sedimentation that could occur as a result of this natural
process. In the absence of established methodology, best professional judgment has been
used to determine which channel reaches could potentially benefit most from preservation or
enhancement over full restoration. Where restoration was determined to be warranted,
consideration was given to which reaches could best be served by maintaining as much of the
existing channel pattern as possible. The proposed channel dimensions, patterns, and profiles
are based on hydraulic relationships and morphologic dimensionless ratios of the reference
reaches (See Table VI). The proposed typical sections and channel alignments are shown in
the design sheets (Appendix I).
The installation of brush, rock, and wood structures will be utilized throughout the restored
reaches of the Site. Brush toes will be installed along the channel toes to provide roughness
and bank stability to the outer meander bends. Rock cross vanes will be used for grade
control to prevent headcut formation. Log vanes with rootwads will be installed in meander
bends to direct the flow away from the outside of the bend and provide toe and bank
protection. On-site material including bed material, boulders, and logs will be used to the
maximum extent possible.
6.2.1 Proposed Crab Creek
The existing incised and unstable condition of Crab Creek provided justification for
consideration of full re-construction and restoration of the stream. Consideration was given to
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pursuing a passive approach and allowing the channel to evolve towards its preferred natural
state, however, on-site conditions dissuaded this approach. Observations of the existing
channel provide analogues of the natural evolutionary process that suggest that, due to the low
width/depth ratio and high bank stress, the stream will continue to migrate laterally. Lateral
migration will increase bank erosion and in turn sediment delivery into the stream,
compounding the tendency towards lateral migration further downstream. The process of
eroding banks and building a new lower floodplain will continue until a sufficient beltwidth
has been established to support a wider, stable Type C channel. As vegetation establishes on
the new floodplain, the channel will again narrow and form a stable Type E stream. The
prospects of this process, which will involve a considerable length of time with detrimental
volumes of sediment, along with an existing riparian zone of limited mature vegetation
provide justification for full restoration.
The proposed design concept for Crab Creek is Priority II restoration of a Type C4 channel.
Although the final stable disposition of Crab Creek may be a Type E channel, construction of
the Type C channel will provide for a more stable initial form and allow for a stable transition
to a narrower channel. The pattern will be constructed offline in some locations but will
reconnect with the existing channel where possible to make use of established vegetation for
increased stability. Crab Creek consists of a broad alluvial valley with a relatively low
gradient, allowing for the relocation of the channel where appropriate to position the channel
in the lower portion of the valley.
6.2.2 Proposed Shoal Creek
Shoal Creek is comprised of four (4) distinctive reaches based on existing stream stability and
terrain (See Figure 5). Reach 1, which is the most upstream section of Shoal Creek, flows
through an open field and is proposed for restoration. Reach 2 is a stable, forested reach
proposed for preservation. Reach 3 is the partially forested reach proposed for enhancement
due to minor vertical and lateral instabilities. Reach 4 is the most downstream reach and is
proposed for restoration.
Reach 1 is an unstable Type G4 stream with instabilities that are evidenced by the vertical
eroding banks, erratic channel pattern, and lack of riparian vegetation throughout most of the
reach. Priority I restoration of a Type B4c stream is proposed for this reach. This channel
configuration provides the appropriate morphological form to fit the gentle to moderately
sloping confined valley associated with this reach. The restored channel will be constructed
primarily offline in order to reposition the channel in the low point of the valley, but the
pattern is designed to take advantage of mature vegetation and stable banks where they exist.
Efforts will be made to save or use mature trees and vegetation on stable banks and bankfull
benches to provide shade and temperature regulation within the stream. Where suitable
vegetation exists along unstable banks, efforts will be made to transplant it onto the
constructed floodplain bench.
Reach 2 begins where Shoal Creek passes into a stable forested reach. Bedrock control and
mature riparian vegetation has maintained this area in near reference quality. Reach 2 is
proposed for preservation of a Type B3 stream.
Reach 3 begins where Shoal Creek passes into a somewhat impacted riparian buffer and
begins to display minor instabilities. This reach includes a mature riparian buffer on the right
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bank and a degraded buffer on the left bank. Several minor instances of bank erosion occur
and several migrating head-cuts have been arrested through bedrock and large boulder
control. Reach 3 is proposed for Level I enhancement of a Type B4 stream. Enhancement
activities will include the selective laying back of eroding banks, installation of in-stream
structures to stabilize the channel profile, replanting of a native riparian buffer, the removal of
exotic invasive species, and protection of existing mature vegetation.
Reach 4 begins at the upstream ford crossing, as Shoal Creek begins to exhibit evidence
significant instability. Stream banks on both sides display unstable, vertical eroding banks,
tendencies toward meander migration, and upstream migration of head-cuts. This stream
flows through an open, maintained field and completely lacks a riparian buffer. Reach 4 is
proposed for Priority II restoration of a Type B4 channel. This channel configuration
provides a stable and natural form suited to the moderately sloping colluvial valley associated
with this portion of Shoal Creek. Construction of the restored channel will primarily occur
online within the existing stream. The existing channel pattern and bed will utilized to the
maximum extent possible. The pattern will be adjusted to conform to the current trend by
slightly extending the meander bends to allow for proper pool form development. Head-cuts
will be stabilized with in-stream structures and select riffles will lengthened to restore
appropriate riffle/pool features.
6.2.3 Proposed Wyatt Branch
The existing channelized and straightened condition of Wyatt Branch provided justification
for consideration of re-construction and restoration of the stream. Wyatt Branch was
straightened and dredged during the construction of the farm road which it parallels. No
riparian buffer exists to filter the nutrient-rich stormwater inputs entering from the adjacent
horse pasture.
The proposed design concept for Wyatt Branch is Priority I restoration of a Type B4c
channel. The pattern will be constructed entirely offline through the abandoned terrace of
Crab Creek. The proposed bankfull profile is designed to follow the terrace profile, allowing
the channel to access the floodplain during greater-than-bankfull flows. A higher gradient,
armored transition reach will be constructed at the downstream end to tie the bed profile of
Wyatt Branch to Crab Creek.
6.3 Sediment Transport Analysis
The design sections were evaluated for their competency to transport the sediment supplied by
the watershed. Critical shear stress was calculated for each design section and related to
particle sizes expected to be mobilized. These predicted particle sizes were compared to the
caliber of the bed material found in the existing channels. The material composing the bed of
existing Crab Creek consists of particles with a D50 of 19 mm and a D84 of 33 mm. The
proposed channel was designed to mobilize particles in the 14 mm to 65 mm range and the
target critical shear stress was 0.31 lb/ft2. Sediment data from the existing reaches of Shoal
Creek resulted in a D50 of 24 mm and a D84 of 79 mm on Reach 1 and a D50 of 50 mm and a
D84 of 180 mm on Reach 4. The proposed channel was designed to mobilize the 68 mm
particles on Reach 1 and the 170 mm particles on reach 4 with the target critical shear stress
of 0.74 to 1.81 lb/ft2, respectively. Bed material in existing Wyatt Branch is composed of
primarily of sand and silt particles. Proposed Wyatt Branch was designed to mobilize
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particles in the 11 mm to 47 mm range and the target critical shear stress was 0.28 lb/ft 2 with
a range of 0.24 to 0.31 lb/ft2 (See Table VIII for complete sediment transport data).
6.4 Hydraulic Analysis
The proposed channel sections were evaluated for their ability to convey the bankfull flows
and the flood flows of the watershed by performing a hydraulic analysis. The analysis
consisted of first modeling the existing conditions with the HEC-RAS water surface profile
model. Cross sections were taken through the channel and the adjacent valley at
representative locations throughout the project reach. Existing hydraulic conditions were
evaluated and the model calibrated based on available site data. Proposed conditions were
analyzed by revising the existing sections based on the proposed channel geometry and by
revising the model to reflect proposed pattern conditions and anticipated future roughness
coefficients. Comparison of the existing and proposed HEC-RAS models provided assistance
in the analysis of the sediment transport, bankfull flow capacity, and confirmation that there
will be no hydraulic trespass onto adjacent properties.
6.5 Proposed Wetland Restoration
Three areas exist on-site which are proposed for wetland enhancement and/or restoration,
Wetland A and the adjacent Area R1, Wetland B and the adjacent Area R2, and Area R3.
These areas either currently support or historically supported jurisdictional wetlands but have
been sufficiently impacted as to have lost significant wetland functions. Additionally, there
are three jurisdictional wetlands, Wetlands C, D, and E which will be protected within the
conservation easement and are proposed for preservation.
Restoration activities proposed for Area R1 will consist of the removal of a timber ford and
overburden material followed by scarification of the soils. A low berm will be constructed at
the downstream end of the sloped floodplain to assist in surface water detention. Hubbard
Branch, which reforms at the outfall of the wetlands will be stabilized through installation of
boulder structure to prevent a head-cut from migrating into the wetlands. The replanting of
native wetland vegetation and the establishment of a buffer will complete activities for the
enhancement of Wetland A and restoration of the adjacent Area R1.
Area R2 is proposed for restoration through the removal of overburden material. The ditch
excavated to drain the area will be re-graded and plugged to retain hydrology. Areas of
hydric soils that have been exposed or that had been compacted by livestock will be scarified.
Enhancement activities for Wetland B and the adjacent Area R2 include the planting of
native, wetland vegetation.
Restoration activities for Area R3 will include the removal of the overburden material which
has compacted the underlain hydric soils. In addition, the drainage ditch will be plugged and
filled, and the drain pipes will be removed. The remaining hydric soils will be scarified and
native wetland vegetation will be planted.
6.6 Natural Plant Community Restoration
Buffer restoration activities will provide surface water storage, nutrient cycling, removal of
imported elements and compounds, and will create a variety and abundance of wildlife
habitat. Riparian vegetation will be restored within approximately 11.3 acres of the Site.
Planting vegetation on the stream banks is proposed to re-establish vegetation community
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patterns within the stream corridor, associated side slopes, and transition areas. Replanting
the floodplain and stream banks is expected to provide stream bank stability, cooler surface
waters through shading, filter pollutants from adjacent runoff, and provide habitat for area
wildlife. The vegetated stream buffer will extend a minimum of 30 feet on both sides of the
stream with the typical buffer being more than 50 feet.
Throughout the majority of the Site the target community will be a Montane Alluvial Forest
(Schafale and Weakley 1990). Bare root tree seedlings will be planted within specified areas
at a density of 681 stems per acre. To provide structural diversity, native shrubs will also be
incorporated in the buffers at a density of 681 stems per acre. Shrubs will be installed in
small groups of 2 to 3 individuals with random placement of groups to establish a more
natural appearance. Proposed wetland areas on the terrace and floodplain will be restored as
Low Elevation Seeps (Schafale and Weakley 1990). These wetland areas will be seeded and
planted with appropriate native, wetland tolerant species. This ecosystem will provide a food
source and habitat for various insect, amphibian, mammalian, and avian species, as well as a
natural filter for stormwater inputs. On the stream banks, live stakes and/or bare root stock
will be used along with native herbaceous seed mix. Live stakes and/or seedlings will be
placed at a density of 2 to 4 stakes per square yard. Species composition will mimic reference
forest measurements of undisturbed floodplains up or downstream of the Site and offsite
reference forests. See Table IX for the list of plant species according to planting zones.
6.6.1 On-Site Invasive Species Management
Prior to re-vegetation of the Site, non-native invasive species will be removed from the Site
within the conservation easement boundary. Invasive species management will continue
through the 5-year monitoring period. Management procedures will conform to the
recommendation in the Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual. Non-
native invasive species currently present on the Site include multiflora rose, blackberry, and
Chinese privet.
7.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The stream restoration monitoring will be in accordance with the EEP Site Specific Mitigation
Plan and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Stream Mitigation Guidelines.
Monitoring will consist of collection and analysis of stream stability and vegetation survival
data on an annual basis for at least five years. Monitoring will include measurement of
channel dimension and bed material, evaluation of photographs, vegetation sampling, and
monitoring of bankfull occurrences.
7.1 Streams and Wetlands
Data collected for monitoring will be evaluated to determine whether significant deviation
from the as-built condition has occurred and if the channel adjustments are trending toward
greater stability. Data collection will consist of detailed dimension and pattern measurements,
longitudinal profile, and bed material samples. Data evaluation will include calculation and
comparison of dimensionless ratios. Bed material should indicate a reduction in the
percentage of fine sediments and a particle distribution in the target range. Permanent photo
station will be established to provide a visual record of channel development.
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Continuous-recording hydrological monitoring stations (piezometers) will be installed at
target locations within wetland restoration zones. Data from these gauges will be retrieved
monthly.
7.2 Vegetation
Quantitative sampling plots for vegetation will be established in the riparian buffer restoration
areas. Vegetation plots will be inventoried following the first growing season after
installation. Permanent photo stations will be established for each sampling plot to provide a
visual record of vegetation development.
7.3 Schedule / Reporting
As-built plans will be submitted within 90 days following the completion of construction.
Monitoring will occur annually following the growing season for at least five consecutive
years. The monitoring period will also include the occurrence of at least two bankfull events.
A monitoring report will be prepared annually and will include tabulation of the collected
data, comparisons to previously collected data, and an evaluation of the stability and success
of the project. Each report will be submitted no later than December 31St of each monitoring
year.
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8.0 REFERENCES
Cowardin LM, Carter V, Golet FC, and LaRoe ET. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington D.C.
Division of Water Quality. 2005. Identification Methods for the Origins of Intermittent and
Perennial Streams. Version 3.1. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources.
Division of Water Quality, Planning Section, Classification and Standards Unit. July 2006.
NC Stream Classification Schedules. http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/bims/reports/rgortsWB.html
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Harmon, W.H. et al. 1999. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for North Carolina
Streams. AWRA Wildland Hydrology Symposium Proceedings. Edited by: D.S. Olsen and
J.P. Potyondy. AWRA Summer Symposium. Boxeman, MT.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. May 2006. Guide to Federally Listed Endangered
and Threatened Species of North Carolina. http://207.4.179.38/nhy/ North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Rosgen, D. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology.
Schafale MP and Weakley AS. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina: Third Approximation. North Carolina Department of Environmental Management,
Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program.
Southeast Regional Climate Center (SERCC). 2006. Historical Climate Summaries for North
Carolina. http://www.sercc.com/climateinfo/historicaUhistorical nc html
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service in Cooperation with
the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Soil Survey of Henderson County, Nort
h
Carolina. http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/
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RESTORATION PLAN
TABLES
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Table I. Restoration Structures and Objectives
Restoration Reach/Area Station
Range/Location Mitigation Type Priority
Approach Existing LF
or AC Designed
LF or AC Note
Crab Creek 100+00 - 123+43 Restoration II 2,239 2,2176
Wyatt Branch 200+00 - 204+87 Restoration 1 293 561
Shoal Creek - Reach 1 300+00 - 311+13 Restoration 1 1,130 1,152
Shoal Creek - Reach 2 400+00 - 405+63 Preservation N/A 324 324
Shoal Creek - Reach 3 405+63 - 410+65 Enhancement 1 375 375
Shoal Creek - Reach 4 410+65 - 416+99 Restoration II 929 929
Pace Branch 500+00 - 505+00 Preservation N/A 1,042 1,042
Little Pace Branch 600+00 - 602+30 Preservation N/A 327 327
Hubbard Branch 700+00 - 707+20 Preservation N/A 741 741
Hubbard Branch 500+00 - 500+49 Restoration 1 63 49
Wetland A Shoal Creek Enhancement N/A 0.299 0.299
Wetland B Crab Creek Enhancement N/A 0.048 0.048
Wetland C Shoal Creek Preservation N/A 0.010 0.010
Wetland D Shoal Creek Preservation N/A 0.008 0.008
Wetland E Little Pace Branch Preservation N/A 0.010 0.010
Wetland R1 Shoal Creek Restoration N/A 0.000 0.146
Wetland R2 Crab Creek Restoration N/A 0.000 0.112
Wetland R3 Crab Creek Restoration N/A 0.000 0.228
Table IL Drainage Areas
Stream Name Description Drainage Area (mil)
Crab Creek Midnight Rd bridge to Wyatt Branch 6.19
Crab Creek Wyatt Branch to Wetland B 6.29
Crab Creek Wetland B to Shoal Falls Rd. bridge 6.35
Wyatt Branch U/s end to Crab Creek 0.060
Shoal Creek U/s end to preservation 2.12
Shoal Creek Preservation to Pace Branch 2.26
Shoal Creek Pace Branch to D/s ford crossing 2.32
Shoal Creek D/s ford crossing to Shoal Falls Rd. bridge 2.36
Pace Branch U/s end to Little Pace 0.018
Pace Branch Little Pace to Lower Shoal Creek 0.035
Little Pace Branch U/s end to Pace 0.017
Hubbard Branch U/s end to Upper Shoal Creek 0.047

RCSI'URA7/ON SYSTEMS, INC. April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Table III. Valley Slopes
Stream Reach Valley Longitudinal Slope (%) Valley Cross Slope (°io)
Crab Creek 0.3 to 0.4 1 to 4
Wyatt Branch 0.8 to 1.0 2 to 15
Shoal Creek - Reach 1 0.9 1 to 60
Shoal Creek - Reach 2 3.8 5 to 35
Shoal Creek - Reach 3 2.5 4 to 85
Shoal Creek - Reach 4 2.0 to 3.2 2 to 3
Pace Branch 5.0 20 to 60
Little Pace Branch 5.0 20 to 60
Hubbard Branch 2.0 to 7.0 20 to 60

Table IV. Mapped Soils
Soil Name Map
Symbol Percent
Slope Drainage Class Hydric Class
Ashe AhG 2 to 95 Somewhat Excessively Drained Non-l-Iydric
Codorus Co 0 to 3 Moderate to Somewhat Poorly Drained Non-Hydric
Evard EwF 25 to 45 Well Drained Non-Hydric
Tusquitee TsC,TsE 7 to 25 Well Drained Non-Hydric

Table V. Land Use of Watershed
Land Use Acres Percent of Total Area
Agricultural 324 $
Forested 3,566 88
Residential 121 3
Roadway 41 1

Total 4,052 100.0
RESTORAT/ON SYSTEMS, INC. April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RE.STORAT/ON SITE RE.STOR; I T/ON PLAN
Table Via. Morphologic Table
Existing
Conditions Reference Reach Design
Stream Reach Crab Creek Composite Crab Creek
Stream Type E4/G4 C4 C4
Drainage Area (mi') 6.33 - 6.331
Bankfull Width (ft) 21 - 31.9
Mean Depth (ft) 3.2 - 2.13
Bankfull XSAREA (ft-) 66 - 67.9
Bankfull Discharge (cfs) 223 - 223
Bkf Mean Velocity (ft/s) 3.4 - 3.5
Width/Depth Ratio 6.6 14 - 28 15
Max. Riffle Depth (ft) 4.2 - 2.8
Riffle Depth Ratio 1.3 1.2- 1.5 1.31
Max. Pool Depth (ft) 4.6 - 4.2
Pool Depth Ratio 1.5 1.5-2.5 1.5
Flood Prone Width (ft) 200 - 200
Entrenchment Ratio 9.5 2.2- 10 6.3
Bank Height Ratio 1.4 1.0 1.0
Meander Length (ft) 200 - 300 - 273
Meander Length Ratio 9.5- 14 6- 8 8.5
Radius of Curvature (ft) 35 - 75 - 50 - 95
RcRatio 1.6-3.6 1.7-3.0 1.8-3.2
Belt Width (ft) 40 - 90 - 90
Meander Width Ratio 1.9-4.3 2-5 2.8
Sinuosity 1.07 1.2-2.0 1.4
Channel Slope (ft/ft) 0.0033 0.001 - 0.007 0.0025
Valley Slope (ft/ft) 0.0035 - 0.0035
Riffle Slope (ft/ft) 0.0104 0.001 -0.007 0.0025
Riffle Slope Ratio 3.6 1.0-2.0 1.0
Pool Slope (ft/ft) 0.0015 - 0.001
Pool Slope Ratio 0.5 0.0-0.1 0.4
Pool Width (ft) 19 - 31.9
Pool Width Ratio 0.9 0-9- 1.2 1.0
Pool Spacing (ft) 135 - 182 - 124- 173
Pool Spacing Ratio 6.4-8.6 4-7 3.9-5.4
D50 (MM) 19 - 19
D84 (mm) 33 - 33
KP31 UKA7/UN SES'/L'MS. /NC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE RESTORATION PLAN
Table VIb. Morphologic Table
Existing
Conditions Reference Reach Design
Stream Reach Shoal Creek
Reach 1 Cold Springs Creek Wyatt Branch Shoal Creek
Reach 1
Stream Type G4 B4 B4c B4c
Drainage Area (mi') 2.12 2.77 0.06 2.123
Bankfull Width (ft) 16.3 23.4 6.5 22.0
Mean Depth (ft) 1.4 1.48 .43 1.46
Bankfull XSAREA (ft-) 22.1 34.6 2.8 32.2
Bankfull Discharge (cfs) 97 210 12 178.3
Bkf Mean Velocity (ft/s) 4.3 6.1 4.3 5.5
Width/Depth Ratio 12 15.8 15 15
Max. Riffle Depth (ft) 1.7 2.2 0.57 1.92
Riffle Depth Ratio 1.3 1.5 1.33 1.32
Max. Pool Depth (ft) 2.3 2.3 0.9 2.9
Pool Depth Ratio 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5
Flood Prone Width (ft) 30 48 14 48
Entrenchment Ratio 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.2
Bank Height Ratio 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0
Meander Length (ft) 116 100 51 136-172
Meander Length Ratio 7.1 4.3 7.8 6.18-7.82
Radius of Curvature (ft) 25 - 41 44-103 10 - 20 35-65
Re Ratio 1.5-2.5 1.9-4.4 1.8-3.3 1.59-2.95
Belt Width (ft) 40 43 24 40-53
Meander Width Ratio 2.5 1.8 3.7 1.8-2.4
Sinuosity 1.1 1.1 1.137 1.05
Channel Slope (ft/ft) 0.0086 0.0238 0.008 0.0086
Valley Slope (ft/ft) 0.007 - 0.010 0.025 0.008 0.0086
Riffle Slope (ft/ft) 0.025 0.025 0.008 0.0086
Riffle Slope Ratio 2.9 1.1 1.0 1.0
Pool Slope (ft/ft) 0.0003 0.0025 0.001 0.001
Pool Slope Ratio 0.0 0.1 0.125 0.116
Pool Width (ft) 14.1 29.6 6.5 22
Pool Width Ratio 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.0
Pool Spacing (ft) 60 51-113 25 - 35 68-86
Pool Spacing Ratio 3.7 2.2-4.8 3.9-5.4 3.11-3.9
D50 (mm) 24 31 24
D84 (mm) 79 120 79
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, INC. April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Table VIc. Morphologic Table
Existing

Conditions
Reference Reach
Design

Stream Reach Shoal Creek
Reach 4
Cold Springs Creek Shoal Creek
Reach 3 Shoal Creek
Reach 4
Stream Type G4 B4 B4 B4
Drainage Area (mi') 2.32 2.77 2.262 2.321
Bankfull Width (ft) 19.6 23.4 22.5 22.7
Mean Depth (ft) 1.7 1.48 1.50 1.52
Bankfull XSAREA (ft) 33.9 34.6 33.78 34.4
Bankfull Discharge (cfs) 186 210 187.2 190.9
Bkf Mean Velocity (ft/s) 5.5 6.1 5.5 5.5
Width/Depth Ratio 11.3 15.8 15 15
Max. Riffle Depth (ft) 2.5 2.2 1.97 1.99
Riffle Depth Ratio 1.4 1.5 1.31 1.31
Max. Pool Depth (ft) 2.8 2.3 3.0 3.0
Pool Depth Ratio 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5
Flood Prone Width (ft) 32 48 38 39
Entrenchment Ratio 1.6 2.1 1.7 1.7
Bank Height Ratio 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0
Meander Length (ft) 200 100 104-140 106-142
Meander Length Ratio 10 4.3 4.6-6.25 4.67-6.26
Radius of Curvature (ft) 110 44-103 35-67 35-67
Rc Ratio 5.6 1.9-4.4 1.57-2.97 1.57-2.97
Belt Width (ft) 40 43 30-36 30-36
Meander Width Ratio 2 1.8 1.33-1.6 1.32-1.58
Sinuosity 1.01 1.1 1.02 1.02
Channel Slope (ft/ft) 0.023 0.0238 0.0317 0.0277
Valley Slope (ft/ft) 0.024 0.025 0.038 0.024
Riffle Slope (ft/ft) 0.031-0.054 0.025 0.032 0.025
Riffle Slope Ratio 1.3-2.3 1.1 1.0 1.0
Pool Slope (ft/ft) 0.011 0.0025 0.0032 0.0025
Pool Slope Ratio 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pool Width (ft) 21.2 29.6 22.5 22.7
Pool Width Ratio 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0
Pool Spacing (ft) 85 51-113 52-70 53-71
Pool Spacing Ratio 4.3 2.2-4.8 2.33-3.11 2.33-3.11
D50 (mm)
' 50 31 50 50
584 (MM) 180 120 180 180
RESTORATION SYSTEMS. INC. April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Table VII. Sediment Transport Analysis
Location
Wetted
Perimeter (ft)
Hydraulic
Radius (ft)
Channel Slope
(ft/ft)
Shear Stress
(lb/ft')
Predicted Particle
Range (mm)
Crab Creek 34.2 1.99 0.0025 0.31 14-65
Wyatt Branch 7 0.4 0.00944 0.024 11-47
Shoal Creek - Reach 1 23.6 1.36 0.00865 0.74 34-170
Shoal Creek - Reach 2 24 1.39 0.038 3.3 121-1079
Shoal Creek - Reach 3 24.2 1.4 0.0253 2.21 70-692
Shoal Creek - Reach 4 24.4 1.41 0.0206 1.81 85-553
Pace Branch 6 0.35 0.05 1.08 50-293
Little Pace Branch 4.6 0.26 0.05 0.8 37-193
Hubbard Branch 6.3 0.37 0.0697 1.6 74-475

Table VIII. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Label Wetland Area
(Ac) Area Inside Easement
(Ac) Area of Impact
(Ac) Impact Type
A 0.299 0.299
B 0.048 0.048
C 0.010 0.010
D 0.008 0.008
E 0.010 0.010

Total 0.375 0.375
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, INC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Table IX. Designed Vegetative Communities (by zone)
Streamside
Shrubs Herbs/Seed Mixture
Black Willow (Sala nigra) Ironweed (Vernonia noveboraeensis )
Tag Alder (Alnus serrulata) Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum )
Silky Willow (Salix sericea) Broomstraw (Andropogon virginicus )
Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deertongue (Panicum clandestinum )
Switcligrass (Panicum virgatuni )
Buffer
Trees Shrubs Herbs/Seed Mixture
Basswood (Tilia americana) Wild Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens) Ironweed (Vernonia noveboraeensis )
Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Spicebush (Lindera benzoin ) Indian grass (Sorghastrutn nutans )
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum ) Sweet-shrub (Calycanthus.floridus) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum )
Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Eastern Gama Grass (Tripsacum dactyloides )
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium /istulosum )
Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra )
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana )
Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina )
Smooth Serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis )
Common Silverbell (Halesia tetraptera )
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum )
Chestnut Oak (()acrcus prinus )
Wetland
Trees Shrubs Herbs/Seed Mixture
Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) Chokebetry (Aronia arbutiijblia) Virginia Wild Rye (Elvmus virginicus )
Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Fox Sedge (Carex vulpinoidea )
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis ) Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Smartweed (Polygonum pennsylvanicum )
Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipiyera) Mountain Doghobble (Leueothoe. fontanesiana) Bladder Sedge (Carex intumescens )
River Birch (Betula nigra) Soft Stein Rush (Juncus effusus )
Black Willow (Salix nigra) Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus )
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana) New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboraeensis )
Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Joe-Pye-Weed (Eupatoriadelphus maculatus )
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica )
RESTORATION SYSTEMS. INC. April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
FIGURES
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
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SCALE SITE VICINITY MAP
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SCALE WATERSHED MAP
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SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix A
Site Photographs
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009

Crab Creek, Bridge at U/s End Photo No. 1
Crab Creek facing D/s - existing STA 109+55 Photo No. 2

Crab Creek

Photo No. 4
Crab Creek facing U/s - existing STA 110+45 Photo No. 3
Crab Creek facing U/s - existing STA 111+90 Photo No. 5
Crab Creek facing U/s - existing STA 113+56 Photo No. 6

Photo No. 7
Crab Creek facing U/s - existing STA 115+95

Crab Creek facing U/s - existing STA 121+95 Photo No. 9
Wyatt Branch facing U/s Photo No. 10
Wyatt Branch facing D/s Photo No. 11
Wyatt Branch, U/s of Site Photo No. 12
Shoal Creek Reach 1, U/s End Photo No. 13
Shoal Creek Reach 1, Sta 301+00 facing D/s Photo No. 14
Shoal Creek Reach 1, Sta 301+00 facing D/s Photo No. 15
Shoal Creek Reach 1, Sta 309+00 facing U/s Photo No. 16
Shoal Creek Reach 1, Sta 310+00 facing D/s Photo No. 17
Dam, footbridge, and cabin - Shoal Creek Reach 2 Photo No. 18
Shoal Creek Reach 2, D/s of Dam Photo No. 19
Shoal Creek Reach 3 upper end Photo No. 20
Shoal Creek Reach 3, U/s of Pace Branch Photo No. 21
Shoal Creek Reach 4, D/s of upper ford Photo No. 22
Shoal Creek Reach 4, Sta 411+00 facing D/s Photo No. 23
Shoal Creek Reach 4, Sta 413+00 facing D/s Photo No. 24
Shoal Creek Reach 4, Sta 417+00 facing U/s Photo No. 25
Shoal Creek Reach 4, facing D/s at bridge Photo No. 26
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix B
Existing Site Stream Data
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009

Stream
Watershed -
Location =
p
Latitude =;
Longitude
County :
Date:
Observers: «
Channel Type:
Drainage Area (sq mi):
Notes
Dimension
typical min max
Size: x-area bankfull 66.0 65.0 67.1
width bankfull 20.9 20.9 21.7
mean depth 3.2 3.1 3.1
Ratios: Width/Depth Ratio 6.6 6.7 7.0
Entrenchment Ratio 9.6 9.2 9.6
Riffle Max Depth Ratio 1.3 1.3 1.5
Pool Area Ratio 1.0 --- ---
Pool Width Ratio 0.9 --- ---
Pool Max Depth Ratio 1.5 --- ---
Bank Height Ratio 1.4
Run Area Ratio -- --- ---
Run Width Ratio --- --- ---
Run Max Depth Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Area Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Width Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Max Depth Ratio --- ---
Hydraulics: ri gi pool run
discharge rate, Q (cfs) 223.0 223.0 223.0
velocity (ft/sec) 3.4 3.3 ---
shear stress @ max depth (Ibs/ft sq) 0.66 0.72 --
shear stress (Ibs/ft sq) 0.41 0.45 ---
shear velocity (ft/sec) 0.46 0.48 --
unit stream power (Ibs/ft/sec) 1.664 1.664 1.66
relative roughness 29.5 33.5 ---
friction factor u/u* 7.4 6.8 -
threshold grain size @ max depth (mm) 41.4 45.8 ---
threshold rain size mm 24 27
Pattern
typical min max
Sinuosity 1.1
Meander Width Ratio 3.3 1.9 3.8
Amplitude Ratio 1.7 1.0 1.9
Meander Length Ratio 11.3 10.7 11.9
Straight Length Ratio 2.7 -- ---
Radius Ratio 4.3 33 9.1
are angle (degrees)I I 78.0 28.0 810
Profile
typical min max
channel slope (%) 0.330 --- ---
measured valley slope (%) 0.340 --- ---
valley slope 0.357
Riffle Slope Ratio 3.2 --- ---
Pool Slope Ratio 0.5 --- ---
Run Slope Ratio 1.6 --- ---
Glide Slope Ratio 0.2 --- --
Pool Spacing Ratio 7.9 7.9 8.7
Riffle Crab Creek
c
O
m
N
W
-20 -10 0
10 20 30 40
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
50 60 70
height of instrument
omit distance FS
Riffle
Crab Creek
Little River
'In"
95.99 dimensions
95.21 65.0 x-section area 3.1 d mean
94.97 20.9 width 24.8 wet P
92.87 4.2 d max 2.6 h yd radi
92.33 5.1 bank ht 6.7 w/d ratic
91.4 200.0 W flood prone area 9.6 ent ratio
90.97 3.4 velocity ft/sec
91.03 218.9 discharge rate, Q (cfs
91.02 0.41 shear stress Ibs/ft sc
91.11 0.46 shear velocity ft/sec
91.37 1.631 unit stream power IbE
91.95 0.11 Froude number
93.45 7.3 friction factor u/u"
94.36
95.18 24.6 threshold rain size n
check from channel material
33 measured D84 mm
29.1 relative rou hness 11.2 fric. factor
0.028 Mannin 's n from channel material
Riffle Crab Creek
105
103
101
_ 99
97
c
cc
°- 95
A2 93
w
91
89
87
85
0 10 20 30
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Crab Creek
ht of instrument
of
94.15
93.93
79
89.35
91.27
91.9
92.7
40
50
cnan
slope
.,n,.
60
dimensions
671 x-section area 3.1 d mean
21.7 width 25.2 wet P
4.6 d max 2.7 h yd radi
6.1 bank ht 7.0 w/d ratio
200.0 W flood prone area 9.2 ent ratio
hydraulics
3.4 velocity ft/sec
227.9 discharge rate, Q cfs
0.41 shear stress Ibs/ft s
0.46 shear velocity ft/sec
1
.638
unit stream power Ibs/ft/sec
0.12 Froude number
7.3
L friction factor u/u"
24.9 threshold rain size mm
check from channel material
33 measured D84 mm
28.9 relative roughness 11.2 fric. factor
0.028 Mannin 's n from channel material
Pool Crab Creek
E
0
.>
a?
w
-20
- -- -443 _
_ -

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
HOOT
Crab Creek
Little River
t
description: 1, M
height of instrument (ft)::
omit distance FS FS FS channel
notes pt. (ft) (ft) elevation bankfull top of bank Slone (%1
94.69
0O.u x-section area 3.6
19.1 width 23.4
4.6 d max 2.9
5.9 bank ht

89.22
89.93
91.39
91.85
93.44
0.45 shear stress
0.48 shear velocit
27.5 threshold are
n

0
e
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e
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F J
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Stream. '.
Watershed:
Location: "
Latitude:
Longitude:
County:
Date: x +
Observers:
Channel Type:
Drainage Area (sq mi):
Notes:
Dimension
typical min max
Size: x-area bankfull 22.1 21.6 22.9
width bankfull 16.3 13.7 16.3
mean depth 1.4 ---
Ratios: Width/Depth Ratio 12.0 8.2 12.2
Entrenchment Ratio 1.8 1.8 2.2
Riffle Max Depth Ratio 1.3 1.3 1.8
Pool Area Ratio 1.0 --- -
Pool Width Ratio 0.9 ---
Pool Max Depth Rati 1.7 --- ---
Bank Height Ratio 2.0
Run Area Ratio -- --- ---
Run Width Ratio --- --- ---
Run Max Depth Ratio - -
Glide Area Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Width Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Max Depth Ratio --- ---
Hydraulics: riffle pool
discharge rate, Q (cfs) 87.0 87.0 87.0
velocity (ft/sec 3.9 4.0 --
shear stress @ max depth (Ibs/ft sq) 0.91 1.23 --
shear stress (Ibs/ft sq) 0.64 0.75 ---
shear velocity (ft/sec) 0.58 0.62 ---
unit stream power (Ibs/ft/sec) 2.864 2.864 2.86
relative roughness 5.3 5.9 --
friction factor u/u` 6.8 6.5 ---
threshold grain size @ max depth (mm) 60.6 109.3 ---
threshold rain size mm 41 48 ---
Paftern
typical min max J,
Sinuosity 1.4
Meander Width Ratio 2.5 --- ---
Amplitude Ratio 1.2 - --
Meander Length Ratio 7.1 -- -
Straight Length Ratio 1.2 1.2 1.8
Radius Ratio 2.0 1.5 2.5
arc angle (degrees)II 75.0 53.0 88.0
Profile
typical
min
max
channel slope (%) 0.860 --- ---
measured valley slope (%) 0.850 ---
valley slope 1.215
Riffle Slope Ratio 2.9 --- ---
Pool Slope Ratio 0.0 -- ---
Run Slope Ratio 1.2 1.0 3.4
Glide Slope Ratio 0.9 0.2 1.1
Pool Spacing Ratio 3.7 3.6 5.6
Station 10+15 Riffle Shoal Creek - Reach 1
2378.5
2378
2377.5
2377
0 2376.5
70-
2376
a?
w 2375.5
2375
2374.5
2374
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
section: '7 7 r
Riffle
Shoal Creek - Reach 1
description:
height of instrument (ft): r.
2377.19
2377.46
2377.42
2377.07
2376.6
2375.99
2375.89
2375.18
2374.71
2374.44
2374.43
2374.52
2374.39
2374.41
2374.38
2374.33
2374.66
2376.07
2376.74
2377.54
2377.92
2378.1
,.n„
dimensions
22.1 x-section area 1.4 d mean
16.3 width 17.9 wet P
1.7 d max 1.2 h yd radi
3.2 bank ht 12.0 w/d ratio
35.0 W flood prone area 2.2 ent ratio
3.8 velocity ft/sec
83.3 discharge rate, Q cfs
0.66 shear stress Ibs/ft s
0.58 shear velocity ft/sec
2.749 unit stream power Ibs/ft/sec
0.33 Froude number
6.5 friction factor uV
41.9 threshold rain size mm
check from channel material
79 measured D84 mm
5.3 relative roughness 6.9 fric. factor
0.039 Mannin 's n from channel material

Station 12+56 Riffle Shoal Creek - Reach 1
2376.5
2376
2375.5
2375
C 2374.5
> 2374
a?
w 2373.5
2373
2372.5
2372
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Creek - Reach 1
height of instrument (ft):'?'Y ;
omit distance FS FS FS W fpa channel Manning's
notes pt. (ft) (ft) elevation bankfull top of bank (ft) slope M "n"
I I
2375.8
2375.96
2375.84
2372.52
2372.47
2372.47
2372.65
2372.78
dimensions
21.6 x-section area 1.3 d mean
16.3 width 17.6 wet P
1.9 d max 1.2 h yd radi
3.4 bank ht 12.2 w/d ratio
30.0 W flood prone area 1.8 ent ratio
'ta ics
3.8 velocity ft/sec
81.4 discharge rate, Q cfs
0.66 shear stress Ibs/ft s
0.58 shear velocity ft/sec
2.684 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.33 Froude number
6.5 friction factor u/u`
41.6 threshold rain size mm
check from channel material
79 measured D84 mm
5.2 relative rou hness 6.9 fric. factor
0.039 Mannin 's n from channel material
Station 12+98 Riffle Shoal Creek - Reach 1
2377
2376
2375
c
2374
m
a?
U' 2373
2372
2371

0 10 20 30 40
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Shoal Creek - Reach 1
height of instrument (ft):
omit distance
I FS FS
notes pt. (ft) (ft) elevation bankfull
2375.42
2375.46
2372.45
2371.93
2371.53
2371.57
2371.41
2371.39
2371.46
2371.46
2373.77
2374.05
2374.67
2375.08
2375.42
2375.5
50 60
dimensions
22.9 x-section area 1.7 d mean
13.7 width 15.5 wet P
2.4 d max 1.5 h yd radi
4.2 bank ht 8.2 w/d ratio
25.0 W flood prone area 1.8 ent ratio
hydraulics
4.3 velocity ft/sec
97.4 discharge rate, Q cfs
0.79 shear stress Ibs/ft s
0.64 shear velocity ft/sec
3.822 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.34 Froude number
6.7 friction factor u/u*
51.2 threshold rain size mm
check from channel material
79 measured D84 mm
6.5 relative roughness 7.5 fric. factor
O M8 Mannin 's n from channel material

2377
2376
2375
c
•-° 2374
io
_m
U1 2373
2372
2371
Station 12+26 Pool Shoal Creek - Reach 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Shoal Creek - Reach 1
of instrument
(ft) elevation bankfull top of bank sl ope (%)
;: • 2376.25
2376.19 2374.16 2375.87
= 2376.07
2376.18 dimension s
2376.34 21.5 x-section area 1.5 d mean
2375.87 14.1 width 15.8 wet P
2374.96 2.3 d max 1.4 h yd radi
2374.14 4.0 bank ht
2373.46
2373.17
2372.81 hydraulics
2372.57
2371.92
2371.83 0.73 shear stress Ibs/ft s
2372.02 0.61 shear velocity ft/sec
2372.16
x 2372.8
2374.02
2374.68 46.9 threshold rain size mm
2375.1
d' 2375.64
2376.03
2376.39
2376.52

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Location: tLLL?LA_k__I-iL
Latitude:
Longitude:
County:
Date:
Observers:
Channel Type:
Drainage Area (sq mi):
Notes:
Dimensi on
typical min max
Size: x-area bankful l 33.9 33.9 39.8
width bankful l 19.6 19.4 21.5
mean depth 1.7 1.6 2.1
Ratios: Width/Depth Ratio 11.3 9.4 13.5
Entrenchment Ratio 1.6 1.5 5.0
Riffle Max Depth Ratio 1.4 1.2 1.6
Pool Area Ratio 1.1 1.0 1.1
Pool Width Ratio 1.1 0.7 1.1
Pool Max Depth Ratio 1.6 1.6 1.9
Bank Height Ratio 1.6
Run Area Ratio --- --- ---
Run Width Ratio --- --- ---
Run Max Depth Rati --- --- ---
Glide Area Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Width Ratio --- --- ---
Glide Max Depth Ratio --- ---
Hydraulic s: raffle h' -Pool run
discharge rate, Q (cfs) 186.0 186.0 186.0
velocity (ft/sec) 5.5 4.8 --
shear stress @ max depth (Ibs/ft sq) 3.59 4.02 ---
shear stress (Ibs/ft sq) 2.30 2.30 ---
shear velocity (ft/sec) 1.09 1.09 ---
unit stream power (Ibs/ft/sec) 13.620 13.620 13.62
relative roughness 2.9 3.1 ---
friction factor uV 5.0 4.4 ---
threshold grain size @ max depth (mm) 875.6 1092.1 ---
threshold rain size mm #N/A #N/A ---
Pattern
typical min max
Sinuosit ---
Meander Width Ratio --- ---
Amplitude Ratio --- -
Meander Length Ratio - --
Straight Length Ratio ---
Radius Ratio --- --- ---
arc angle (degrees)ll ---
Profile
typical min max
channel slope (%) 2.300 --- ---
measured valley slope (%) --- ---
valley slope --
Riffle Slope Ratio --- --- ---
Pool Slope Ratio --- -
Run Slope Ratio -- --- ---
Glide Slope Ratio
Pool S acin Ratio ---
--- ---
--- ---
___
Station 11+64.5 Riffle Shoal Creek Reach 4
2452
2451
2450
2449
c
2448
?a
w 2447
2446
2445
2444
0 10 20 30 40
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Shoal Creek Reach 4
heiqht of instrument
notes
2445.8
.23 1
2445.79
2445.82
2448
2448.71
50 60
anni
dimensions
39.8 x-section area 2.1 d mean
19.4 width 21.9 wet P
2.8 d max 1.8 h yd radi
3.6 bank ht 9.4 w/d ratio
100.0 W flood prone area 5.2 ent ratio
hydraulics
6.3 velocity ft/sec
252.5 discharge rate, Q cfs
2.61 shear stress Ibs/ft s
1.16 shear velocity ft/sec
18.717 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.61 Froude number
5.5 friction factor u/u'
4722.4 threshold rain size mm
check from channel material
180 measured D84 mm
3.5 relative roughness 5.9 fric. factor
0.049 Mannin 's n from channel material
Station 11+13.5 Pool Shoal Creek Reach 4
iR
c
0
.6
d
w
-20 -10 0
height of instrument
omit distance FS
notes ID (ft) (ft)
10 20 30 40
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Pool
Shoal Creek Reach 4
2151.42
2151.14
2150.62
2150.03
2149.27
2148.52
2146.39
2146.13
2145.53
2146.38
2148.1
2149.62
2150.31
2150.06
50 60 70
n
i2 2150.3
dimensions
32.3 x-section area 2.4 d mean
13.3 width 17.0 wet P
3.2 d max 1.9 h yd radi
5.0 bank ht
IL-- 11
2.73 shear stress
1.19 shear velocil
.
Station 14+52.3 Riffle Shoal Creek Reach 4
2141
2140
2139
c 2138
0
2137
w
2136
2135
2134
0 10 20 30 40
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Shoal Creek Reach 4
50 60 70
height of instrument (ft):
omit distance FS FS FS W fpa channel, I Manning's
notes W. (ft) (ft) PlPvatinn hankfi ill tnn of hank M c1- roi
2139.53
2139.45
2139.49
2139.36
2139.11
2138.89
2137.29
2136.44
2135.14
2134.97
2134.89
2134.99
2135.08
2135.31
2135.21
2135.17
2135.41
2135.28
2135.5
2135.97
2136.53
2137.41
2137.84
2138.57
2138.8
2138.57
2138.43
dimensions
33.9 x-section area 1.7 d mean
19.6 width 21.2 wet P
2.5 d max 1.6 h yd radi
4.6 bank ht 11.4 w/d ratio
32.0 W flood prone area 1.6 ent ratio
hydraulics
5.8 velocity (ft/sec)
196.9 discharge rate, Q cfs
2.29 shear stress Ibs/ft s
1.09 shear velocity ft/sec
14.391 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.61 Froude number
5.3 friction factor u/u"
0 threshold rain size mm
check rom channel material
180 measured D84 mm
2.9 relative roughness 5.5 fric. factor
0.052 Mannin 's n from channel material
Station 15+97 Riffle Shoal Creek Reach 4
2147
2146
iR 2145
C
°- 2144
m
_m
W 2143
2142
2141
0 10
20 30 40
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Shoal Creek Reach 4
50 60 70
height of instrument (ft):
omit distance FS FS FS W fpa channel Manning's
notes Dt. (ft) fft) alavatinn hanIefi II f- of k-L- /#\ 'I--- ioi , _
2146.16
2145.88
2145.47
2145.31
2144.96
2143.99
2141.74
2141.5
2141.47
2141.64
2141.43
2141.45
2141.44
2141.76
2142.78
2144.68
2145.08
2145.24
2144.98
2145.19
dimensions
34.0 x-section area 1.6 d mean
21.5 width 23.2 wet P
2.0 d max 1.5 h yd radi
3.8 bank ht
_ 13.5 w/d ratio
33.0 W flood rone area 1.5 ent ratio
check from channel material
180 measured D84 mm
2.7 relative roughness 5.3 fric. factor
0.053 Mannin 's n from channel material
Station 16+67 Pool Shoal Creek Reach 4
2146
2145
2144
2143
c
°- 2142
m
w 2141
2140
2139
2138
2143.24
2142.03
2141.69
2141.12
2140.75
dimensions
38.6 x-section area 1.8 d mean
21.2 width 23.6 wet P
2.8 d max 1.6 h yd radi
4.8 bank ht
IL- 11
2139.28 hydraulics _
2139.18
2139.32
2139.5 2.35 shear stress
2139.7 1.10 shear velocii
2139.82
2139.99
2140.16
2140.566 threshojdr
2141.04
2142.7
2143.2
2143.7
2143.9F
2144.3

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SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
Appendix C
NCDWQ Stream Forms
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
Crab Creek
NCDWO Stream Classification Form
Project Name: Shoal Falls River Basin: French Broad County: Henderson Evaluator: SGG
DWQ Project Number: Nearest Named Stream: Latitude: Signature:
Date: 3/24/09 USGSQUAD: Longitude: Location/Directions:
*PLEASE NOTE: lfevaluator and landowner agree that the feature is a man-made ditch, then use of this form is not necessary.
Also, if in the best professional judgement of the evaluator, the feature is a man-made ditch and not a modified natural stream-this
rating system should not be used*
Primary Field Indicators: (Circle One Number Per Line)
1. Geomor holo Absent Weak Moderate S
1) Is There A Riffle-Pool Sequence? 0 1 2 3
2) Is The USDA Texture In Streambed
5) Is There An Active (Or Relic)
9) Is A Continuous Bed & Bank Present? 0 T 2 V
(+NOTE: "Bed & Bank Caused By Ditching And WLTHOUT Sinuosity Then Score=O+1
10) I, A 2"d Order Or Greater Channel (As Indicated
On Tooo Map And/Or In Field) Present? Yen3 1 No=O
PRIMARY GEOMORPHOLOGY INDICATOR POINTS: 92
Secondary Field Indicators: (Circle One Number Per Line)
3) Does Topography Indicate A v
Natural Drainage Way? 0 5 l 1.55
SECONDARY GEOMORPHOLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 2.5 of
II. Hydrology Absent Weak Moderate Strome
1) Is This Year's (Or Last's) Leaflitter
4) Is Water In Channel And >48 Hrs. Since 0 .5 Y 1.
Last Known Rain? WOTE: 1 Ditch Indicated In 99 Above Skip This Step And #5 Below*)
5) Is There Water In Channel During Dry 0 .5 1 1.
Conditions Or In Growing Season)?
6) Are Hvdric Soils Present In Sides Of Channel (Or In Headcut)? _ Yes=1.5 No=0
SECONDARY HYDROLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 6.5
8) Are Welland Plants In Streambed? SAV Mostly OBL Mostly FACW Mostly FAC Mostly FACU Mostly UPL
(+ NOTE: If Total Absence OjAll Plants In Streambed 2 1 .75 .5 0 0
.As bated Above Skit) This Step UNLESS SA V PresenNl
Total Score 46
II. Hydrology Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is There A Groundwater
Flow/Discharge Present? 0 1 2 3
PRIMARY HYDROLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 3
Shoal Creek
NCDWQ Stream Classification Form
Project Name: Shoal Falls River Basin: French Broad County: Henderson Evaluator: SGG
DWQ Project Number: Nearest Named Stream: Latitude: Signature:
Date: 3/24/09 USGS QUAD: Longitude: Location/Directions:
*PLEASE NOTE: If evaluator and landowner agree that the feature is a man-made ditch, then use of this form is not necessary.
Also, if in the best professional judgement of the evaluator, the feature is a man-made ditch and not a modified natural stream-this
rating system should not be used*
Primary Field Indicators: (Circle One Number Per Line)
1. Geomor holo Absent Weak Moderate St
1) Is There A Riffle-Pool Sequence? 0 1 2 M3)
2) Is The USDA Texture In Streambed _
5) Is There An Active (Or Relic)
9) Is A Continuous Bed & Bank Present? 0 T 2 U
(*NOTE: I(Bed & Bank Caused By Ditching 4nd WITHOUT Sinuosity Then Score=0')
10) Is A 2°d Order Or Greater Channel (As Indicated //??
On Tono May And/Or In Field) Present? Yes?31 No=O
PRIMARY GEOMORPHOLOGY INDICATOR POINTS: 19
II. Hydroloey Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is There A Groundwater
Flow/Discharge Present? 0 1 2 n
PRIMARY HYDROLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 3
PRIMARY BIOLOGY INDICATOR POINTS.
Secondary Field Indicators: (Circle One Number Per Line)
3) Does Topography Indicate A
Natural Drainage Way? 0 5 1
SECONDARY GEOMORPHOLOGYINDICATOR POINTS. 4
II. Hvdroloev Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1) Is This Year's (Or Last's) Leaflitter _
4) Is Water In Channel And >48 Hrs. Since 0 .5 Y 1.
Last Known Rain? 'NOTE: I Ditch indicated In #9 Above Skip This Step And #5 Below*)
5) Is There Water In Channel During Dry 0 .5 1 1.
Conditions Or In Growing Season)?
6) Are Hydric Soils Present In Sides Of Channel (Or In Headcut)? Yes=1 No=O
SECONDARY HYDROLOGY INDICATOR POINTS: 6.5
8) Are Wetland Plants In Streambed? SAV Mostly OBL ostly FACW Mostly FAC Mostly FACU Mostly UPL
(*,VOTE: If Total Absence Of All Plants In Streambed 2 1 .75 .5 0 0
As Noted Above Skip This Step UNLESS SAV Present*)
Biology Indicator Points 5.5
Total Score 46
NCDWQ Stream Classification Form
Project Name: Shoal Falls River Basin: French Broad
DWQ Project Number: Nearest Named Stream:
Wyatt Branch
(Upstream of Site)
County: Henderson Evaluator: SGG
Latitude: Signature:
Date: 3/24/09 USGSQUAD: Longitude: Location/Directions:
*PLEASE NOTE: If evaluator and landowner agree that the feature is a man-made ditch, then use of this form is not necessary.
Also, if in the best pr»fessionai judgement of the evaluator, the feature is a man-made ditch and not a modified natural stream-this
rating system should not be used*
Primary Field Indicators: (Circle One Number Per Line)
I. Geomo holo Absent Weak Moderate St
1) Is There A Riffle-Pool Sequence? 0 1 2 3
2) Is The USDA Texture In Streambed
5) Is There An Active (Or Relic)
9) Is A Continuous Bed & Bank Present? 0 T 2 V
('NOTE: If Bed & Bank Caused By Ditchine And WITHOUT Sinuosity Then Score=0")
10) Is A 2 I Order Or Greater Channel (As Indicated /?
On Topo Map And/Or In Field) Present? Yes=3 Nat=O 1
PRIMARY GEOMORPHOLOGY INDICATOR POINTS: 16
Secondary Field Indicators: (Circle One Number Per Line)
3) Does Topography Indicate A /v
Natural Drainage Way? 0 5 1 p 51
SECONDARY GEOMORPHOLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 4 0
II. Hvdroloev Absent Weak Moderate Strone
1) Is This Year's (Or Last's) LeaElitter
4) Is Water In Channel And >48 Hrs. Since 0 7 1
1
Last Know Rain? (*NOTE: I Di h Indicated In #9 Above Ski T' Ste And #5 B l
5) Is There Water In Channel During Dry 0 .5 1 1.5
Conditions Or In Growin Season)?
6) Are Hvdric Soils Present In Sides Of Channel (Or In Headcut)? Yes=1.5 No=0
SECONDARY HYDROLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 4
Biology Indicator Points 2.25
Total Score 30
II. Hvdroloev Absent Weak Moderate Strone
1) Is There A Groundwater /?
Flow/Discharge Present? 0 ( t D 3
PRIMARY HYDROLOGY INDICATOR POINTS. 3 v
.., , -1 ...,..u,,., . m,uo w OUVauwcu: JAv mostly vtn, moss1FACW Mostly P'AC Mostly NACU Mostly UPL
(' NOTE: If Total Absence Of All Plants In Streambed 2 1t 751 .5 0 0
As Noted Above Skip This Step UNLESS SAV Present*).
b
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix D
Reference Reach Photographs
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, INC November 2007
Cold Springs Creek Cross Section 1 - Riffle
cold 5pnngs Creek Cross Section 2 - Pool
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, INC. November 2007
1-01a springs Ureek Cross Section 3 - Riffle
wiu apnngs t-reex Cross Section 4 - Pool
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix E
Reference Reach Data
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS. LLC April 2009
Stream: Cold Springs Creek
Watershed: Pigeon River
Location: Pisgah National Forest, Harmon Den, 1-40 Exit 7
Latitude: 35.76352
Longitude: 82.97678
State: North Carolina
County:
Date: Haywood
October 25, 2007
Observers: SGG & CME
Channel type: B4
Drainage area (sq.mi.): 2.77
notes: ---
Dimension bankfull channel
typical min max
floodplain: width flood prone area (ft) 48.0 43.0 52.0
low bank height (ft) 3.3 3.1 3.5
riffle-run: x-area bankfull (sq.ft.) 34.6 33.4 34.6
width bankfull (ft) 23.4 23.4 24.7
mean depth (ft) 1.48 1.3 1.5
max depth (ft) 2.2 1.8 2.2
hydraulic radius (ft) 1.3
pool: x-area pool (sq.ft.) 33.4 30.0 33.4
width pool (ft) 29.6 25.2 29.6
max depth pool (ft) 2.3 2.3 2.3
hydraulic radius (ft) 1.1
dimensionless ratios: , 4101
width depth ratio 15.8 15.8 18.4
entrenchment ratio 2.1 1.8 2.2
riffle max depth ratio 1.5 1.2 1.5
bank height ratio 1.5 1.4 1.6
pool area ratio 1.0 0.9 1.0
pool width ratio 1.3 1.1 1.3
pool max depth ratio 1.6 1.5 1.6
hydraulics: typical fYll fc
discharge rate (cfs) 210.0 202.1 218.6
_ _ - . channel slope %) _2.4
ri ffle-run min max pool
velocity (ft/s) 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.3
Froude number 0.94 0.94 0.95 1.12
shear stress (Ibs/sq.ft.) 1.947 1.920 2.043 1.647
shear velocity (ft/s) 1.002 0.995 1.027 0.922
stream power (lb/s) 314.5 302.7 327.4
unit stream power (lb/ft/s) 13.440 12.131 13.866
relative roughness 10.0 --- -
friction factor u/u' 6.1 5.9 6.2
threshold grain size (t'=0.06) (mm) 100.4 94.3 100.4
Shield's parameter 0 128
Pattern
typical
min
max
meander length (ft)
100.0
-
--
belt width (ft)
43.0
-
-
amplitude (ft)
-
radius (ft)
75.0
44.0
103.0
arc angle (degrees)
-
-
-
stream length (ft)
400.0
valley length ft
380.0
Sinuosity
1.1
Meander Length Ratio
4.3
-
-
Meander Width Ratio
1.8
-
-
Radius Ratio
3.2
1.9
44
Profile
typical
min
max
pool -pool spacing (ft)
87.0
51.0
113.0
riffle length (ft)
28.0
20.0
40.0
pool length (ft)
18.0
6.0
42.0
run length (ft)
9.7
5.0
14.0
glide length (ft)
10.7
5.0
20.0
channel slope (%)
2.38
riffle slope (%)
2.5
1.5
4.3
pool slope (%)
0.25
0.083
0.4
run slope (%)
5.1
1.4
8.1
glide slope 0)
0.81
0.2
2.3
measured valley slope (%)
-
valley slope from Sinuosity
2.5
Riffle Length Ratio
1.2
0.9
1.7
Pool Length Ratio
0.8
0.3
1.8
Run Length Ratio
0.4
0.2
0.6
Glide Length Ratio
0.5
0.2
0.9
Riffle Slope Ratio
1.1
0.6
1.8
Pool Slope Ratio
0.1
0
0.2
Run Slope Ratio
2.1
0.6
3.4
Glide Slope Ratio
0.3
0.1
1
Pool S acin Ratio
37
2.2
4.8
Channel Materials
Riffle
Point
BkF
Surface
Bar
Channel
D16 (mm)
5.2
---
30
3.3
D35 (mm)
22
---
71
15
D50 (mm)
45
---
79
31
D65 (mm)
75
87
62
D84 (mm)
130
---
99
120
-D95 mm)
190
110
170
mean (mm)
26.0
-
19.9
dispersion
5.8
6.6
skewness
-0.2
-0.2
Shape Factor
--
SilUClay
2%
% Sand
10%
-
100%
9%
• Gravel
48%
---
0%
53%
• Cobble
41%
--
0%
33%
% Boulder
0%
---
0%
0%
% Bedrock
1%
---
4%
% Clay Hardpan
---
% Detritus/Wood
-
% Artificial
---
Lar est Mobile (mm)
91
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2) Weighted Pebble Count
Feature Percent of Reach
Riffle 29 % Run 21 %
Riffle, Pool, Run, Glide IV I
- - - Pool 29 % Glide 21 %
Weighted pebble count by bed features
Material Size Range (mm) weighted
silt/clay 0 - 0.062 2.1
very fine sand 0.062 -0.125 0.0
fine sand 0.125 -0.25 0.5
medium sand 0.25 -0.5 3.8
coarse sand 0.5 - 1 3.2
very coarse sand 1 - 2 1.6
very fine gravel 2 -4 6.8
fine gravel 4 - 6 3.8
fine gravel 6 - 8 2.1
medium gravel 8 - 11 4.2
medium gravel 11 - 16 8.5
coarse gravel 16 - 22 5.4
coarse gravel 22 - 32 9.1
very coarse gravel 32 - 45 5.8
ve coarse ravel 45 - 64 9.0
small cobble 64 - 90 9.6
medium cobble 90 - 128 117
large cobble 128 - 180 9.0
very large cobble 180 -256 3.8
small boulder 256 - 362 0.0
small boulder 362 - 512 0.0
medium boulder 512 - 1024 0.0
large boulder 1024 - 2048 0.0
very large boulder 2048 -4096 0.0
total particle weighted count: 100
bedrock --------- 3.8
clay hardpan ------------ 0.0
detritus/wood ----------- 0.0
artificial -------- 0.0
total weighted count: 103.8
11 Note:
Riffle
Material
Size Range (mm)
Count
silt/clay 0 -0.062
2
very fine sand 0.062 - 0.125
fine sand 0.125 -0.25
medium sand 0.25 -0.5 1
coarse sand 0.5 - 1 1
very coarse sand 1 - 2 1
very fine gravel 2 -4 4
fine gravel 4 -6 2
fine gravel 6 - 8 3
medium gravel 8 - 11 3
medium gravel 11 - 16 3
coarse gravel 16 - 22 2
coarse gravel 22 - 32 4
very coarse gravel 32 - 45 2
very coarse ravel 45 - 64 2
small cobble 64 - 90 6
medium cobble 90 - 128 8
large cobble 128 - 180 8
very large cobble 180 - 256 3
small boulder 256 - 362
small boulder 362 - 512
medium boulder 512 - 1024
large boulder 1024 - 2048
ve large boulder 2048 -4096
total particle count:
bedrock ----------- --
clay hardpan ----------
detritus/wood ---------
artificial ------------
total count:
Note: 55
1

6
Weighted pebble count by bed features Cold Springs Creek
29% r ffie 29 % pool 21 % run 21 % glide
weighted percent - Riffle - Pool -+-Run -Glide -#ofparticles 1
100%
90%
80%
70%
L
u 60%
C
50%
v
U
d 40%
a
30%
20%
10%
0%
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Size (mm)
D16 3.3
D35 15
D50 31
D65 62
D84 120
D95 170
Riffle Cold Springs Creek
100%
90%
80%
70%
5
60%
d
w 50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
sand 9%
gravel 53%
cobble 33%
boulder 0%
particle size (mm)
Size Distribution
mean 19.9
dispersion 6.6
skewness -0.15
14%
12%
m
10%
m
v
8%
m
m
6"/ o
a
m
4%
m
N
2%
0%
u ro
4°/
-d-cumulative % -# of particles
sans
---{--------- ----------
_.?.
--------- TI
9
8
7
6 Do
c
5 M
4 a
m
3 y
2
1
0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
particle size (mm)
Size (mm) Size Distribution Type
D16 3.9 mean 23.4 silt/clay 4% bedrock 2%
D35 15 dispersion 7.0 sand 5%
D50 41 skewness -0.20 gravel 45%
D65 89 cobble 45%
D84 140 boulder 0%
D95 190
Pool
Material
Size Range (mm)
Count
silt/clay 0 - 0.062 1
very fine sand 0.062 -0.125
fine sand 0.125 -0.25 1
medium sand 0.25 -0.5 1
coarse sand 0.5 - 1 2
very coarse sand 1 -2 1
very fine gravel 2 -4 8
fine gravel 4 -6 1
fine gravel 6 -8 1
medium gravel 8 - 11 2
medium gravel 11 - 16 6
coarse gravel 16 - 22 2
coarse gravel 22 - 32 5
very coarse gravel 32 - 45 6
very coarse ravel 45 - 64 7
small cobble 64 - 90 4
medium cobble 90 - 128 6
large cobble 128 - 180 2
very large cobble 180 -256
small boulder 256 - 362
small boulder 362 - 512
medium boulder 512 - 1024
large boulder 1024 - 2048
very large boulder 2048 - 4096
total particle count:
bedrock ----------
clay hardpan ----------
detritus/wood ------------
artificial ------- 56
1

Note: total count: 57
Pool Cold Springs Creek
I
silt clay sand

gravel
_ -0--cumulaGve % -# of particles
cobbl boulder 9
)
100% -
90% 8
80%
7

70%
_
6
3
E
d 5

I
4

N
30%
I
1
ll

20% I
2
I I
10% 1 1
I
,
0% 0
0.01 0-1 1 10 100 1000 10000
particle size (mm)
Size (mm) Size Distribution Type
D16 2.6 mean 14.7 silt/clay 2% bedrock 2%
D35 12 dispersion 6.6 sand 9%
D50 26 skewness -0.20 gravel 67%
D65 43 cobble 21%
D84 83 boulder 0%
D95 120
Run Cold Springs Creek
100% silt/clay
sand
gravel -e-cumulative /o -# of particles
cobble boulder 7

-- - --- - --- --- 6
80% - - - ... -. . _... .- -?._
70%
5
3
5 60%
1
4
m
--

40% 3
4

30% 2
I I ?
10%
I
0% 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
particle size (mm)
Size (mm) Size Distribution Type
D16 12 mean 41.0 silt/clay 0% bedrock 7%
D35 26 dispersion 3.6 sand 7%
D50 56 skewness -0.13 gravel 43%
D65 86 cobble 43%
D84 140 boulder 0%
D95 180
Glide
Material Size Range (mm)
Count
silt/clay 0 -0.062 1
very fine sand 0.062 -0.125
fine sand 0.125 -0.25
medium sand 0.25 -0.5 4
coarse sand 0.5 - 1 1
very coarse sand 1 -2 1
very fine gravel 2 -4 1
fine gravel 4 - 6 4
fine gravel 6 - 8
medium gravel 8 - 11 1
medium gravel 11 - 16 3
coarse gravel 16 - 22 3
coarse gravel 22 - 32 4
very coarse gravel 32 - 45 2
very coarse ravel 45 - 64 4
small cobble 64 - 90 3
medium cobble 90 - 128 3
large cobble 128 - 180 1
very large cobble 180 -256 2
small boulder 256 - 362
small boulder 362 - 512
medium boulder 512 - 1024
large boulder 1024 - 2048
very large boulder 2048 - 4096
total particle count:
38
bedrock - --------- --- 2
clay hardpan - -------
detritus/wood - ---------
artificial -- -----------

Note: total count: 40
Glide Cold Springs Creek
t cumulative % -# of particles
-?
silt/clay sand ravel boulder
100% 4.5

90% 4
------ -------- -------------
80% j 3.5
r 70%

c
3 3

d 60%
2.5 ,
c
c
40% 2 c
a 30% 1.5 N
20% _ 1
10% 0.5

0% 0
0. 01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
particle size (mm)
Size (mm) Size Distribution Type
D16 1.1 mean 9.9 silt/clay 3% bedrock 5%
D35 11 dispersion 12.0 sand 15%
D50 22 skewness -0.25 gravel 55%
D65 43 cobble 23%
D84 89 boulder 0%
D95 180
III) Individual Pebble Count
11 Two individual samples may be entered below. Select sample type for each.
Riffle Surface Pebble Count, Cold Springs Creek

100% silt/clay sand gravel
-cumulative % -# of particles
cobble boulder 14
90%
---- --- ------ --------- 12
80%
C 70% 10

c

w
-
60%

8 C
c
m
50% ---- --- ------ -------

n
40% 6

?.

30%
4 m
20%
2
10%
0% 0
0. 01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
particle size (mm)
Size (mm) Size Distribution Type
D16 5.2 mean 26.0 silt/clay 1% bedrock 1%
D35 22 dispersion 5.8 sand 10%
D50 45 skewness -0.20 gravel 48%
D65 75 cobble 41%
D84 130 boulder 0%
D95 190
3) Bulk Sample Sieve Analysis
Two samples may be entered below. Select sample type for each.
Pont Bar
Sieve 8
Sieve Sieve Sample Retained Passing
Size Weight Weight on Sieve Sieve
mm
2 682 728 46 2% --- ---
4 739 779 40 2% 2% 2%
8 739 814 75 4% 2% 4%
16 811 983 172 9% 4% 8%
31.5 820 820 0 0% 9% 17%
63 706 2383 1677 83% 01% 17%
110 0 0% 83% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% o% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
tota l wt retaine d in sieves: 2010
Note- Pavement Largest Particles: 95 and 110 mm
Pant Bar._ 1
Sieve 8
Sieve Sieve Sample Retained Passing
Size Weight Weight on Sieve Sieve
mm )
2 682 1097 415 7% -- --
4 739 1346 607 10% 7% 7%
8 739 1520 781 13% 10% 17%
16 811 1835 1024 17% 13% 30%
31.5 820 2883 2063 34% 17% 47%
63 706 1807 1101 18% 34% 82%
90 0 0% 18% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
0 0% 0% 100%
total: 5991
Point Bar Cold Springs Creek
100%
90%
ao%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
-0-cumulative % -wt of particles passing sieve
f-------------- ---------------- f-
1
I 1
-------------- ________________ I
1 1
I I
I I
l ?

0.1 1 10 100 1000
particle size (mm)
0 Size (mm)
9 D16 30 D65 87 sand 100%
9 D35 71 D84 99
1 D50 79 D95 110
1
0
Point Bar Cold Springs Creek
-f-cumulative % -wt of particles passing sievel
1
1800
1600
1400
1200 f
1000 e
800
n
600 „
400
200
0
2500
2000
f
1500 m
1000
500
0
1 1 10 100 1000
particle size (mm)
Size (mm)
D16 7.4 D65 45
D35 19 D84 66
D50 33 D95 82
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix F
Design Calculations
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
Project: Shoal Falls Farm Restoration Site
Henderson County, NC
Project No: 1034-SHLF

Mountain Regional Curves (Rural)
Location Hec-Ras
Station D.A.
(mi) Areabkf
(ft) Wldthbkf
(ft) Depthbkf
(ft) Qbkf
(cfs)
Crab Creek Reach 1 Sta 100+00 to 123+43 6.285 75.44 37.61 1.96 406.90
Wyatt Branch Reach I Sta 200+00 to 204+32 0.061 3.18 6.77 0.47 12.01
Wyatt Branch Reach 2 Sta 204+32 to 205+49 0.063 3.25 6.85 0.47 12.31
Shoal Creek Reach 1 2.123 35.94 25.17 1.40 178.34
Shoal Creek Reach 2 2.225 37.11 25.61 1.42 184.82
Shoal Creek Reach 3 2.262 37.53 25.77 1.43 187.15
Shoal Creek Reach 4 2.321 38.19 26.01 1.44 190.85
Pace Branch 0.039 2.34 5.74 0.41 8.55
Lower Pace Branch 0.017 1.33 4.22 0.31 4.55
Hubbard Branch 0.047 2.66 6.15 0.43 9.85

Local Curves
Location Hec-Ras
Station D.A.
(mil) Areabkf
(ft) Widthbkf
(ft) Depthbkf
(ft) Qbkf
(cfs)
Crab Creek Reach 1 Sta 100+00 to 123+43 6.285 58.56
Wyatt Branch Reach I Sta 200+00 to 204+32 0.061 2.87
Wyatt Branch Reach 2 Sta 204+32 to 205+49 0.063 2.93
Shoal Creek Reach l 2.123 28.89
Shoal Creek Reach 2 2.225 29.78
Shoal Creek Reach 3 2.262 30.11
Shoal Creek Reach 4 2.262 30.11
Pace Branch 0.039 2.14
Lower Pace Branch 0.017 1.25
Hubbard Branch 0.047 2.42

USGS Re gression Equations (Mountain)
Location Hec-Ras
Station D.A.
(min) Q5
(cfs) Qio
(cfs) Q5o
(cfs) QIoO
cfs)
Crab Creek Reach I Sta 100+00 to 123+43 6.285 840 l 128 1934 2350
Wyatt Branch Reach I Sta 200+00 to 204+32 0.061 36 52 102 130
Wyatt Branch Reach 2 Sta 204+32 to 205+49 0.063 37 54 104 132
Shoal Creek Reach 1 2.123 403 550 971 1193
Shoal Creek Reach 2 2.225 416 567 1000 1228
Shoal Creek Reach 3 2.262 421 573 1011 1241
Shoal Creek Reach 4 2.321 428 583 1028 1261
Pace Branch 0.039 27 39 77 98
Lower Pace Branch 0.017 15 23 45 58
Hubbard Branch 0.047 31 44 86 110

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SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix G
Biological Surveys
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
Freshwater Mussel Survey Report
Shoal Falls Farm Mitigation Bank
Crab and Shoal Creeks
Henderson County, North Carolina
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, NC 27604
Prepared by:
Ble
TCONPOThe Catena Group, Inc.
410-B Millstone Drive
Hillsborough, NC 27278
March 26, 2009
Thomas E. Dickinson
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
2.0 SPECIES DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 1
2.1 Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Distribution and Habitat Requirements .................................................................. 3
2.3 Threats to Species ..................................................................................................... 3
3.0 SURVEY EFFORTS ................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Survey Methodology ................................................................................................. 6
4.0 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Reach 1 (Crab Creek): ............................................................................................. 6
4.2 Reach 2 (Shoal Creek): ............................................................................................ 8
5.0 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................ 8
6.0 LITERATURE CITED .............................................................................................. 9
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
i1
TCG Job #3233
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Restoration Systems proposes the establishment of a stream mitigation bank at the Shoal
Falls Farm Site, in southwestern Henderson County, North Carolina. The Site
encompasses approximately 24 acres that is used for livestock grazing, hay production,
and relatively undisturbed forest and falls within the Little River Subbasin of the French
Broad River Basin. Within the Site, approximately 7,465 linear feet of stream associated
with Crab Creek, Shoal Creek, and an unnamed tributary (UT) to Shoal Creek exhibit
mitigation potential. The goals of this stream restoration project are to improve water
quality, enhancing flood attenuation, and restore aquatic and riparian habitat.
During the design phase, it was determined that potentially suitable habitat for the
Federally Endangered Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana), a freshwater
mussel species known to occur downstream of the project area in the Little River, is
present on the Site. The Catena Group (TCG) was thus retained to conduct a mussel
survey.
2.0 SPECIES DESCRIPTION
A detailed description of characteristics and habitat requirements for the Appalachian
elktoe is provided below.
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) (I. Lea 1834)
p Status: Endangered
Family: Unionidae
Listed: September 3, 1993
flit _ y...?...
2.1 Characteristics
Isaac Lea (1834) described the Appalachian elktoe from the French Broad River system
in North Carolina. Its shell is thin but not fragile, oblong and somewhat kidney-shaped,
with a sharply rounded anterior margin and a broadly rounded posterior margin.
Parmalee and Bogan (1998) site a maximum length of 3.1 inches (80 mm). However,
individuals from the Little River (French Broad River Basin) in Transylvania County and
West Fork Pigeon River (French Broad River Basin) in Haywood County measured in
excess of 3.9 inches (100 mm) in length (personal observations). The periostracum
(outer shell) of the Appalachian elktoe varies in color from dark brown to yellowish-
brown in color. Rays may be prominent in some individuals, usually on the posterior
slope, and nearly obscure in other specimens. The nacre (inside shell surface) is a shiny
bluish white, changing to salmon color in the beak cavity portion of the shell. A detailed
description of the shell characteristics is contained in Clarke (1981). Ortmann (1921)
provides descriptions of the soft anatomy.
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
Until recently, little was known about the reproductive biology of the Appalachian elktoe.
However nearly all freshwater mussel species have similar reproductive strategies, which
involves a larval stage (glochidium) that becomes a temporary obligate parasite on a fish.
Many mussel species have specific fish hosts that must be present to complete their life
cycle. Based upon laboratory infestation experiments, Watters (1994) lists the banded
sculpin (Cottus carolinae) as the potential fish host for the Appalachian elktoe; however,
the ranges of these species rarely overlap. Keller documented transformation of
Appalachian elktoe glochidia on the mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in 1999 (USFWS
2002), and ongoing research at Tennessee Technical University (TTU) identified 10 fish
species with encysted Appalachian elktoe glochidia from the Little Tennessee River in
North Carolina (Jim Layzer, TTU Personal Communication; Table 1).
Table 1. Fish species collected from the Little Tennessee River (NC) that contained
encysted Alasmidonta raveneliana glochidia.
Common Name Scientific Name
Banded darter Etheostoma zonale
Wounded darter Etheostoma vulneratum
Greenfin darter Etheostoma chlorobranchium
Tangerine darter
Mottled sculpin
Black redhorse
Percina aurantiaca
Cottus bairdi
Moxostoma duquesnei
River redhorse Moxostoma carinatum
Sicklefin redhorse Moxostoma sp.
Northern hog sucker Hypentelium nigricans
Warpaint shiner Luxilus coccogenis
Additionally, nine species shown in Table 2 were shown to successfully transform
Appalachian elktoe glochidia in laboratory induced infestations (Jim Layzer, TTU,
personal communication. Based on over two years of monitoring of the Appalachian
elktoe population in the Little Tennessee River by the NCWRC, it is apparent that the
Appalachian elktoe is a bradytictic (long-term) breeder, with the females retaining
glochidia in their gills from late August to mid-June (Steve Fraley, NCWRC, personal
communication). Glochidia are released in mid-June attaching to either the gills, or fins
of a suitable fish host species, and encysting within 2-36 hours. Transformation time
(time until encystment) for the Appalachian elktoe occurs within 18-22 days, at a mean
temperature of 18° C (Jim Layzer, TTU, personal communication). Encystment time for
freshwater mussels is reduced at higher temperatures (Zale and Neves 1982). McMahon
and Bogan (2001) and Pennak (1989) should be consulted for a general overview of
freshwater mussel reproductive biology.
Table 2. Fish species collected from the Tuckasegee River (NC) on April 21, 2004, and used
for laboratory induced infestations.
Common Name Scientific Name Number
Gilt darter Percina evides 6
Banded darter Etheostoma zonale 8
Wounded darter * Etheostoma vulneratum 17
Greenfin darter * Etheostoma chlorobranchium 32
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
Common Name Scientific Name Number
Greenside darter * Etheostoma blennioides 3
Olive darter Percina squamata 1
Mottled sculpin * Cottus bairdi 19
Rock bass Ambloplites rupestris 1
River chub * Nocomis micropogon 20
Northern hogsucker * Hypentelium nigricans 3
Central stoneroller * Campostoma anomalum 6
Longnose dace * Rhinichthys cataractae 9
Rosyside dace * Clinostomus funduloides 1
Mirror shiner Notropis spectrunculus 3
Tennessee shiner Notropis leuciodus 2
Total 15 131
* Species that successfully transformed Alasmidonta raveneliana glochidia.
2.2 Distribution and Habitat Requirements
At the time of listing, two known populations of the Appalachian elktoe existed in North
Carolina: the Nolichucky River including its tributaries the Cane River and the North Toe
River, and the Little Tennessee River and its tributaries. The record in the Cane River
was represented by one specimen found just above the confluence with the North Toe
River (USFWS 1996). Since listing, the Appalachian elktoe has been found in additional
areas. These occurrences include extensions of the known ranges in the Nolichucky
River (North Toe River, South Toe River and Cane River) and Little Tennessee River
(Tuckasegee River and Cheoah River) as well as a rediscovery in the French Broad River
Basin (Pigeon River, Little River and Mills River). Many of these populations
discovered after listing are relatively small in size and range. The Appalachian elktoe has
been observed in gravelly substrates often mixed with cobble and boulders, in cracks of
bedrock, and in relatively silt-free, coarse sandy substrates (USFWS 1996).
2.3 Threats to Species
The decline of the Appalachian elktoe throughout its historic range has been attributed to
a variety of factors, including sedimentation, point and non-point source pollution, and
habitat modification (impoundments, channelization etc.). With the exception of the
Nolichucky River populations, the other populations are generally small in numbers and
restricted to short reaches of isolated streams. The low numbers of individuals and the
restricted range of many of the surviving populations make them extremely vulnerable to
extirpation from a single catastrophic event or activity. Catastrophic events may consist
of natural events such as flooding or drought, as well as human influenced events such as
toxic spills associated with highways or railroads.
In 1998, a toxic spill resulting from a tanker truck accident that was carrying Octocure
554 (a chemical liquid used in the rubber making process), killed several miles of mussel
populations in the Clinch River near Cedar Bluff, Virginia. The spill killed thousands of
fish and mussels, including three federally protected species. The Clinch River contains
one of the most diverse mussel faunas in the United States. The stretch of the river
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
affected by the spill was one of the few remaining areas that contained a reproducing
population of the Endangered tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina walkeri). The toxic
spill is believed to have eliminated this population (Richmond Times Dispatch 1998).
Biologists in Virginia feel that it could take more than 20 years before mussel populations
in this area recover, if they recover at all (Bristol Herald Courier 1998).
Siltation resulting from improper erosion control of various types of land usage,
including agricultural, forestry, and development, has been recognized as a major
contributing factor to degradation of mussel populations (USFWS 1996). Siltation has
been documented to be extremely detrimental to mussel populations by degrading
substrate and water quality, increasing potential exposure to other pollutants, and direct
smothering of mussels (Ellis 1936, Marking and Bills 1979). Sediment accumulations of
less than 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) have been shown to cause high mortality in most
mussel species (Ellis 1936). In Massachusetts, a bridge construction project decimated a
population of the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) because of
accelerated sedimentation and erosion (Smith 1981). The abrasive action of sediment on
mussel shells has been shown to cause erosion of the outer shell, which allows acids to
reach and corrode underlying layers (Harman 1974).
The impact of impoundments on freshwater mussels has been well-documented (USFWS
1992a, Neves 1993). Construction of dams transforms lotic habitats into lentic habitats,
which results in changes within aquatic community composition. These changes
associated with inundation adversely affect both adult and juvenile mussels as well as
fish community structure, which could eliminate possible fish hosts for glochidia (Fuller
1974). In addition the construction of dams often results in fragmentation of mussel
populations by effectively blocking upstream expansion and recruitment of mussel and
fish species. Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee River in northern Alabama, once the
richest site for naiads (mussels) in the world, is now at the bottom of Wilson Reservoir
and covered with 19 feet (5.8 meters) of muck (USFWS 1992b). The population of the
Appalachian elktoe in the Little Tennessee River is believed to have been reduced by the
Fontana Lake and Lake Emory impoundments (USFWS 1996).
In addition to modification of habitat, the construction of dams can indirectly impact
freshwater mussel species by posing a barrier to fish migration. The construction of the
Petitcodiac River Causeway in Canada in 1968, resulted in the extirpation of the dwarf
wedgemussel, because the causeway restricted the migration of the diadromous Inner Bay
of Fundy stock of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which serves as the fish host for the
dwarf wedgemussel in this region (Locke et al. 2003).
Sewage treatment effluent has been documented to significantly affect the diversity and
abundance of mussel fauna (Goudreau et al. 1988). Goudreau et al. (1988) found that
recovery of mussel populations might not occur for up to 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) below
points of chlorinated sewage effluent. Most of the water bodies where Appalachian elktoe
still exist have relatively few point source discharges within the watershed and are rated
as having good to excellent water quality (NCDENR 2003, USFWS 1996). A recent
example of the negative impact of sewage treatment effluent on freshwater mussels,
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
including the Appalachian elktoe, occurred on the Cane River of the Nolichucky River
Subbasin. In 2008, repeated toxic inputs of unknown origin into the Burnsville
Wastewater Treatment Plant resulted in failure of the plant's digesters and the subsequent
release of untreated effluent into the Cane River. Subsequent surveys in the river indicate
significant declines in range and numbers of the mussel fauna have occurred within the
river since the documented failure.
The introduction of exotic species such as the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) and
zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has also been shown to pose significant threats to
native freshwater mussels. The Asiatic clam is now established in most of the major river
systems in the United States (Fuller and Powell 1973), including the Nolichucky Basin,
where it is abundant in some areas (Tim Savidge, TCG personal observations). Concern
has been raised over competitive interactions for space, food, and oxygen between this
species and native mussels, possibly at the juvenile stages (Neves and Widlak 1987,
Alderman 1997). When the Appalachian elktoe was listed, it was speculated that due to
its restricted distribution, it "may not be able to withstand vigorous competition"
(USFWS 1996).
The zebra mussel, native to the Black, Caspian and Aral Seas, is an exotic freshwater
mussel that was introduced into the Great Lakes in the 1980s. Since its introduction, this
species has rapidly expanded its range into the surrounding river basins, including those
of the South Atlantic slope (O'Neill and MacNeill 1991). This species competes for food
resources and space with native mussels and is expected to contribute to the extinction of
at least 20 freshwater mussel species if it becomes established throughout most of the
eastern United States (USFWS 1996). The zebra mussel is not currently known from any
river supporting Appalachian elktoe populations.
Another exotic species that has the potential to adversely impact aquatic species,
including the Appalachian elktoe, is Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica). The plant is
considered to be an invasive species that can reproduce from its seed or from its long
stout rhizomes. It can tolerate a variety of conditions such as full shade, high
temperatures, high salinity, and drought. It can be spread by wind, water, and soil
movement to an area where it quickly forms dense thickets that excludes native
vegetation and greatly alters the natural ecosystem. This species has become established
in riparian habitats throughout western North Carolina. The species has a very shallow
root system, and because of this shallow root system, and its preclusion of other
vegetation, areas where this species has been established may be susceptible to erosion
during flood events. Several areas where dense mats had been established were severely
scoured during the flood events of 2004 discussed earlier. Although not measured, the
severity of scour in these areas appeared to be comparatively greater than in areas that
had established native vegetation (Marella Buncick, USFWS personal communication).
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
3.0 SURVEY EFFORTS
A freshwater mussel survey was conducted in two reaches on the Shoal Falls Farm Site;
in Crab Creek and in Shoal Creek, where potential habitat was noted during the
development of the site design. Figure 1 shows these highlighted survey reaches as
labeled.
3.1 Survey Methodology
All habitat types (runs, pools, root mats, slack water, etc.) within the survey reaches were
sampled. A two-person survey team was used, with the team moving upstream through
the survey reach. Visual surveys using bathyscopes (glass-bottom buckets) and tactile
methodology were employed where appropriate.
A hand-held Garmin e-trex vista GPS unit was used to record the starting and ending
points of each of the survey reaches. Each reach was segmented into survey lanes (from
each bank top to the channel center) to provide adequate coverage of the habitats present.
The speed at which team proceeded upstream depended on stream width, survey
conditions (depth, clarity, etc.), and habitat characteristics. A timed search was
employed in each survey reach. All surveys were conducted by Tom Dickinson and
Jonathan Hartsell on March 18, 2009.
4.0 RESULTS
Based on field observations and mussel survey results, it is unlikely that the Shoal Falls
Farm Site contains a mussel fauna, although potentially suitable habitat is present in Crab
Creek throughout the site and in Shoal Creek below the falls. Survey results for each site
are further described below.
4.1 Reach 1 (Crab Creek):
Within the surveyed reach, Crab Creek consisted of a shallow riffle, run, and pool habitat
sequence. The stream channel ranged from 3-6 meters wide with approximately 1 meter
high stream banks that exhibited some erosion and undercutting. In order of dominance,
substrate consisted of sand, gravel, silt, and cobble. A narrow shrub to moderately-wide
forested buffer was present to surrounding active pasture and rural residential land uses.
No bivalves were located during the 3.7 person-hours of survey time in Crab Creek. The
only mollusk found was the sprite elimia (Elimia proxima), an aquatic snail, which was
common with a patchy distribution, found primarily in gravel/cobble riffles.
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233

TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233 7
4.2 Reach 2 (Shoal Creek):
Surveys were conducted in Shoal Creek from its confluence with Crab Creek through the
level II enhancement reach to just below the dam and falls area. Due to these physical
and geological barriers, it was determined potential mussel habitat is not present
upstream from this point. Shoal Creek consisted of a very shallow riffle, run, and pool
habitat sequence. The stream channel ranged from 2-5 meters wide with approximately 1
meter high stream banks that exhibited some erosion and undercutting. In order of
dominance, substrate consisted of cobble, gravel, sand, and silt. A moderately wide
forested buffer was present on the lower portion of this reach and no buffer was present
on the upper portion to surrounding active pasture and rural residential land uses. No
bivalves were located during the 1.5 person-hours of survey time in Shoal Creek. The
only mollusk found was the sprite elimia, which was common with a patchy distribution,
found primarily in gravel/cobble riffles.
5.0 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS
The survey results indicate that freshwater mussels are likely not present within the Site.
Crab Creek and Shoal Creek below the falls provide potentially suitable habitat for the
Appalachian elktoe, but are of a smaller size than water bodies where the species is
typically found. It is important to note that a viable population of and designated critical
habitat for the Appalachian elktoe is present in the receiving water body of Crab Creek,
the Little River, approximately 2 miles downstream of the Site. A cursory habitat
evaluation of Crab Creek from below the Site downstream to the Little River revealed a
high level of channel degradation and sedimentation, which may inhibit colonization of
this reach and habitat within the Site. Planned restoration activities should improve water
quality of Crab and Shoal Creeks on the Site and downstream to Little River, which in
turn may be beneficial to the Appalachian elktoe and other mussel species populations in
the Little River. Considering the survey results and these factors, the restoration
activities planned for the Shoal Falls Farms Mitigation Bank are "Not Likely to
Adversely Affect" the Appalachian elktoe.
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233
6.0 LITERATURE CITED
Alderman, J.M. 1997. Monitoring the Swift Creek freshwater mussel community. Pages
98-107 in K.S. Cummings, A.C. Buchanan, C.A. Mayer, and T.J. Naimo, eds.
1997. Conservation and Management of Freshwater Mussels II: Initiatives for the
future. Proceedings of a UMRCC symposium, 16-18 October 1995, St. Louis,
Missouri. Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island Illinois.
293 pp.
Bristol Herald Courier, 1998. The Spill Kill. Friday September 4, 1998, Bristol Virginia.
Clarke, A. H. 1981. The tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae), Part 1: Pegias,
Alasmidonta, and Arcidens. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, (326), 101 pp.
Ellis, M.M. 1936. Erosion silt as a factor in aquatic environments. Ecology. 17:29-42.
Fuller, S.H. 1974. Clams and mussels (Molluska: Bivalva). Pp 215-273 in J.W. Hart and
S.H. Fuller, eds. Pollution Ecology of Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press,
New York City, NY.
Fuller, S.L.H. and C.E. Powell. 1973. Range extensions of Corbicula manilensis
(Philippi) in the Atlantic drainage of the United States. Natilus. 87(2):59.
Harman, W.N. 1974. The effects of reservoir construction and channelization on the
mollusks of the upper Delaware watershed. Bull. Am. Malac. Union 1973:12-14.
Lea, I. 1834. Observations on the naiads and descriptions of new species of that and other
families. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 5: 23-119, plates 1-
19.
Locke, A., J.M. Hanson, G.J. Klassen, S.M. Richardson, and C.I. Aube. 2003. The
Damming of the Petitcodiac River: Species, populations, and habitats lost.
Northeastern Naturalist: 10 (No. 1), pp. 39-54.
Marking, L.L., and T.D. Bills. 1979. Acute effects of silt and sand sedimentation on
freshwater mussels. Pp. 204-211 in J.L. Rasmussen, ed. Proc. of the UMRCC
symposium on the Upper Mississippi River bivalve mollusks. UMRCC. Rock
Island IL. 270 pp.
McMahon, R.F. and A.E. Bogan. 2001. Mollusca: Bivalva. Pp. 331-429. In: J.H. Thorpe
and A.P. Covich. Ecology and Classification of North American freshwater
invertebrates. 2nd edition. Academic Press.
NCDENR-BIMS. 2003. http://h2o.enr.state.nc.usibims
Neves, R.J. 1993. A state of the Unionids address. Pp. 1-10 in K.S. Cummings, A.C.
Buchanan, and L.M. Kooch, eds. Proc. of the UMRCC Symposium on the
Conservation and Management of Freshwater Mussels. UMRCC. Rock Island
IL. 189 pp.
Neves, R.J., and J.C. Widlak. 1987. Habitat ecology of juvenile freshwater mussels
(Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a headwater stream in Virginia. Amer. Malacol. Bull.
1(5):1-7.
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233 9
O'Neill, C.R., Jr., and D.B. MacNeill. 1991. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha):
an unwelcome North American invader. Sea Grant, Coastal Resources Fact Sheet.
New York Sea Grant Extension. 12 pp.
Ortmann, A. E. 1921. The anatomy of certain mussels from the Upper Tennessee. The
Nautilus 34(3):81-91.
Parmalee, P.W. and A.E. Bogan. 1998. Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee. University of
Tennessee Press, Knoxville.
Pennak, R.W. 1989. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States, Protozoa to Mollusca
Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 628 pp.
Richmond Times-Dispatch, 1998. Spill poses a danger to mussel/Tan riffleshell
eliminated from Clinch, professor says. Wednesday, September 2, 1998,
Richmond Virginia.
Smith, D. 1981. Selected freshwater invertebrates proposed for special concern status in
Massachussetts (Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda). MA Dept. of Env. Qual.
Engineering, Div. of Water Pollution Control. 26 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992a. Special report on the status of freshwater mussels.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992b. Endangered and Threatened species of the
southeast United States (The red book). Prepared by Ecological Services, Div. of
Endangered Species, Southeast Region. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 1,070 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana)
Recovery Plan. Atlanta, Georgia, 30 pp
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants:
Designation of Critical Habitat for the Appalachian Elktoe. CFR, Vol. 67, No.
188.
Watters, G.T. 1994. An annotated bibliography of the reproduction and propagation of
the Unionidae (Primarily of North America). Ohio Biological Survey
Miscellaneous Contributions(1): 158.
Zale, A.V. and R.J. Neves. 1982. Reproductive biology of four freshwater mussel species
(Mollusca: Unionidae) in Virginia. Freshwater Invertebrate Biology. 1: 17-28.
TCG Shoal Falls Farm Mussel Survey Report
TCG Job #3233 10
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix H
Wetland Data
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
Comments to be added to Shoal Falls Farm Miti!ation Plan:
Restoration Systems also proposes 3087 linear feet of streams for preservation. All of
these stream lengths will be preserved with 60 foot easements on each side, which will
add up to 8.5 acres of protected riparian buffers.
Approximately 0.42 acres of wetland restoration potential also exists on this site.
Vegetation and proper topography will be restored to wetlands that have been historically
filled or impacted for roads, cattle or other farming practices. Hydrology will be restored
to some of the riparian wetlands by reconnecting entrenched streams to their flood plains.
Wetland Area 1:
This area is located at the north end of an existing horse pasture along Shoal
Creek at the southern end of the property. There is currently a 0.3 acre existing and
functioning wetland at this location. Soil samples taken around the edges of the existing
wetland revealed that some of the original wetland was filled in at some point in time,
most likely to increase the useful area of a field or pasture.
The restoration potential at this location is for 0.10 acre. Plans for this area
include paning or sloping back the later added topsoil to reach the elevation of the
historically hydric soils. There is a horse crossing at the lower end of this wetland
consisting of several logs and an 8 inch culvert which will all be removed. Wetland
seeds and livestakes will be planted, and measures (fencing) will be installed to protect
the restored wetland from horse traffic and grazing.
Wetland Area 2:
This 0.21 acre of wetland restoration potential is located along Crab Creek
towards the north end of the property. This relic wetland most certainly used to be
connected to the now heavily entrenched Crab Creek and has become less active due to
infrequent foodplain access. The soil tests revealed another possible groundwater source
of hydrology at the top end of the wetland which could be restored by removing fill that
was added for a truck/tractor path. Another similar crossing is located at the other end of
the wetland adding to the disconnect from Crab Creek. This wetland is currently in an
actively used cow pasture, so fencing and revegetation with a seed mix and livestakes
will be important to the success of this restoration.
Wetland Area 3:
This area is located just upstream from Wetland Area 2. A spring in the hillside
just above the pasture already sustains a 0.09 ac. wetland and will provide a much more
significant and reliable source of hydrology to this wetland restoration. Floodplain
connections with crab creek will also be important. There is 0.08 acre of restoration
potential here. The same two truck/tractor paths that cross and fill Wetland Area 2 also
impact Area 3, one of which includes a 15' culvert, so the same regrading will be
executed. Similar to Area 2, fencing and revegetation with a seed mix and livestakes will
also be necessary.
Wetland Area 4:
A small creek drains under Crab Creek road and enters the northwest corner of the
Shoal Falls Farm property. As it spills out into a flat field, it turns into a narrow linear
wetland that has been ditched for farming purposes. It continues in this 2' wide ditch for
540' until it reaches crab creek.
Wetland Area 5:
Two small riparian wetlands totaling 0.028 acres sit on the river right of Shoal
Creek, approximately 150 meters below the small pond and dam. These two wetlands
will be preserved within the 60 buffer of the proposed Level II Enhancement. There is a
UT to Shoal Creek that enters Shoal Creek just below these two riparian wetlands. At the
top end of the north fork of this tributary is a 0.01 acre linear wetland which will be
preserved.
Shoal Falls Farm Mitigation Plan
Type Length Ratio Credit
Stream Preservation 3087 1:2.5 617
3087 617
Location Type Area Ratio Credit
Wetland Area 1 Restoration 0.10 1:1 0.10
Wetland Area 1 Preservation 0.30 1:2.5 0.12
Wetland Area 2 Restoration 0.21 1:1 0.21
Wetland Area 3 Restoration 0.08 1:1 0.08
Wetland Area 3 Preservation 0.09 1:2.5 0.036
Wetland Area 4 Restoration 0.025 1:1 0.025
Wetland Area 5 Preservation 0.01 1:2.5 0.004
Wetland Area 5 Preservation 0.028 NA 0
0.843 0.575
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Soil: Sampling Point: #5
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color (moist) % Color (moist) % Type' Loc2 Texture Remarks
0-10 lOYR3/3 100 C M Clay Lown
10-24 1OYR 4/I 80 2.5YR 3/6 20 C M/PL Clay Low
1

t1Mpe: CaConcerOation, D=Depletion, RM=Reduced Matrix, CS=Covered or Coated Sarni Grains. 2Locatiow PL=Pore Chung, WMatrix
Hvdric Soil Indicators: Reaion Code: vat-westem Mm AWAW west GP-c oat ways: Aga Gulf Coo" Plain; M-M st
Hiat+ssol A h h (All) Po vatue Below Surface S8 (A&G LRR S, T, U
Histic Foiriedw A2) (All Thin Dark Surface S9 (A&G LRR S T T1)

Black Flinic (A1 (All) Lorry Macky Mineral (F1) (WM except MLRA 1; A; GP, K A&G
LRR 0)
Hytirom SultV A4) (Ail) Loam Gafeyed Matrix 0) (All)
Stratified A5) A&G M. AW LRR C, GP LRR F' leted Matrix FT 1AIl)
ie Bodies (A6 (A&G LRR P, T, U Redox Bark Surface Fbl All
5 cm,13udr Mneral A7 (A&G LRR P. T, U Dark Surface ,F7 -All)
Muck Presence A8 (A&G LRR U) Lied. I)Wcssiomi 9j Ail
I cm Muck IA9 LRR D, F, G H P T: Problem C. 1,1.0 Vernal Pooh (F9) .Arid
2 cat h4uek Alt? M• Problem WM AW LRR B, UO LRR Sl Mad FIO (A&G LRR U)
DeWvftd Below: Dark Surface A11 All letedOchric Flt A&GMLRA151"
Thick Dark Surface Alt All hort-Manganese Masses FI2 (A&G L.RRI) P T Problem in M)
Cow Prairie Redox (A 16) (A&G MLRA 150A: Frobtam GP LRR
F, a, H: M Problem)

[Jmimc Surface (F 0 (A&G LRR P, T, U

Sand Muck • iv Vaal (,$I) (All -cePt A&G LRRs0&S only) High Pdtias Depressions (FI6)(GP MLRA 72, 73; Problem in
rest of LRR H)
2.,5 cm Muck Pear or Pent 82) GP LRR G, H) Deka Ochric t F 171 (A&G MLRA 1511
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat 53 (GP LRR Rcxtuced vertic (FI8I (A&G MLRA ISOA. ISQFI (AW GP, A&£f

Sandy Gleyed Mater S4) (All' Piedmont F"pi a3rSods (F14) tA&Cy- NR,RA 149A. Problem in
LRR P. S, r)

Sandra Radnx 65) (All) Anomalaos Bright Loamy Soils (F?0) (A&G MLRAi 149x4 1530,
153D: Problem in l4il.RA 153B1
Stripped Matrix (S6) (All) Red Parent Material MID (Problem in All but M)
Dark SurNze IS? (A&G LRR P, S T, U. Gil Problem in LRR f Other F lain in Remarks)
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Depth Onches); _
Type: Problematic Hydric Solt? Yes_X_ No
(indicators ofhydrophytic vegetation and wettand

h droto must be resent)
Remarks: Chroma I exists 12-24" below surface/ Apparent fill of wetland in the past.
Sail: Sampling Point: #7
Depth Matrix Redos Features
(inches) Color (moist) % Color (moist) ? % Tywt Loe Texture Remarks
0-18 10YR 5/4 80 10YR 7/4 1 20 C M t, Sandy depositional layers

. rY)M. 4?aNriw a;OLN Ir, c -uc( icuW1, rNM-`Ncuttc:Ct1 ntauuc, t103t.QVWe:a w l QaWU Qeru CsW113. Llt)C&UOn: i-,L-yore untng, m=mat1?t.
HVdrtr- Soil Mdicaters_ Reninn Crtelp' wU-IAI-ft n AMn dW-ArAW-t- M)J -? Ohio. ear ewe m.,:., - er„w.-
Histosol (AU (All) Pblvvalue Below Surface S&" (A&G LRR S, T, Ui
Hostic E pi tA_') f A it Thin Dark Surface (S9) i A&G LRR 5 T. I-T

Stack Hism 6A3) (All Loamy Mucky Mineral (FI )1 WM except MLRAt: A. Of, AJ, A&C,
LRR O)
Hvdroeen Sulfide i A;) ( All! Loamy Gleved Mattix (F?) tAll )
StratifiedLayers (AS)IIA&G._M.AWLRRC,GPLRR lewdMumc F3) All)
Organic Bodies (A6) (A&G LRR P, T. U Rednos Dark Surface -'F6) (Ali)
5 %in Murk. Mineral A7) i A&G I.RR P. T, Ut Depleted Dark Surface F7) (
. Muck Presenter (A8) (A&G LRR C) Redox Depressots (fib) Wit
1 cm Mack (A9) (1,RR D, F. G H. P, T, Pr(-bem C. I J, O) Veinal Pools (F9) (Arid
2 c in Muck WO) (M: Problem W NI, AW LRR B. AAG LRR S1 Mari F 10) 1 A&G LRR U)
Depleted Below Dark Snrfare f.A11) t.A11) Depleted Ochric (F11) 'A&G MLRA 151)
Tlbck Dark Surface 1 A12 All) horn-Mat ese Muses (F32 4A &U LRR (? P. 1, Problem in M,
Comr Prairie Rodox (A I b) (A&G %ILR.A I ;al.A; problem of LRR
F, G, H. M Problem

Umbric Surface (F 13 (A& G LRR P_ T, U)

SaadrMuck TvwraltSU(AllexxtA&GLRRs0&Sonly) High Maim Depressions (Fl6) (GP MLRA 7?. ? f jtp
rest of [,RR Hl
2:5 arts Mucky Peat or Peat (52) (GP LRR G. H) Delta Ochnc fFl7) iA&G MLRA 111)
3.om Mucky Peat or Peat ? S3) (GP LRR F) Reduced Verde (F 18 AYCG MLRA 150A. 150B) 0, W, Gip. A&G

Sandy Gleyeel Matrix (U Ail) Piedmont Fkx*lwn Soils f F 191(.A&G: MLRA 149A. Problem to
LRR P, S. T i

Redoxl55jIAIt1 Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils (F20) (A&G MUA t49.A, 153C-
153 D: Problem in MIRA f 538)
Sinii,ried Mamx (56) t Ali) Red Parrot Material (TF3) (Problem in All but M*i
Dark Surface <K,; {A&C, LRR P_ S, T. U: GP Problem in LRR G) Other (Explain in Remarks)
E Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Depth (inches):
T

I Problematic Hydric Soil:' Yes No
(indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetwad
hydrology must be resent.)
w'c.wacma. aunaay ucpu5iti na[ tayeriag. wiinin Iiaoa plain o2 spoal falls creek.
Soil: Sampling Point: #8
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Cdr (moist) % Color (mast) % Type' Loc2 Texture Remarks
1-10 10 YR 3/3 too C M Clay Loam
10-24 I OYR 411 80 25 Y'R 316 15 C M/PL Clay Lmn

tType: C=Concentration, [=Depletion, RM-Reduced Matrt)t, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Graft. 20cadw: PL=Posse Unku , MmMatAx.
Mvdric Sall Indicators: Realan Code: wwwestem Mtn; AW-Arid VY GP-Gr86tt Pi9ttts: A&G AH& Gulf cmtel' Piero M-M kkest
Histosot AI Alf Pat Below &.f. (S8) (A&G LRR S,.T; III
Histic bLie!ft A2 All Thin Dark Surface S9 A&G LRR T U

Black Hildc A?) (All) Loamy Mucky Mineral (F l) (W M except MLRA k A, GP. M. A&G
I.RR 0)
H Sulfide A4) (All Loamy Gloved Malrix (All
Str tt AS A&G M. AW IXR C,GP LRR n E)cvfeted Matrix fF3 ,AU
ok i HodlestAN (A&G L.RR P T _U Redox Dark Surface fF6 (AD
5 am Much Mineral, A7) A&G Lott P j, U) fk*W Dark Surface (F7 Ail!
Muck, Presence AS A&Gr LRR U) Reda. nS - Alt
I em Muck A91 LRR D, F G Il P. T Problem C t 10) 4 ernal Pools Arm
2 em Its (A1(1 M; Problem A-W LRR B A&G LRR S Mqt(FJO)(A&GLRRtF)
D*PWW Bek w Dark Surface (Al 1 All tered Ocluic l l (A&G MLRA 151'
Thick Dark Surface (.fit?' (AM Iron-Manganese Massa F1.. A&G LRR 0, P. T; Problem in M)
Coast Prairie Rem (A 16) (A& G MLRA I5OA; Problem UP U t R
F, G. K M Problem)

Umbric Surface if 13) i A&G.I.n P, U)

Sandv Mucky, Mineral SI) (Ali exc 4&G LM Q&S onfv ) high Plains Np eswons (FIG) (GP MLRA 72, 73, Problem ut
tent' LRR H1
?.S cm Muck Pear or Peet S« °GP LRR G H Delta Odme Fl7 (A&G MLRA 151
5 cra Mucky Peat or Peat S3 GP LRR F Redu"d Verde I M &G MLRA I50A I%B) AW, GP A&G)

San ed !Matrix (S41 Ali Piedmont Flood*n Soils (FI9) (A&G: MLRA 149A; Problem m
LRR P, S, F)

Sandy, Redo%(S5 (All) Anomalous Wight Loamy Soils (F20) (A&G MLRA 149A. 1530,
iDD; Problemi* MLRA 1538)
stripped Matrix (Sf+ (Alt) Red Parent Material TF2' (Problem in All but M
Dark Surface (571 (A& u LRR P S, T U; GP Problem in LRR G) r<)ider (Explain in Remarks
Restrictive gayer (if observedY
Depth (inches):
Type: Problematic 1=t}+dric Soil? Yes No
(Indicators of Iaydrophytit: vegetation and wetland
hydrology must be present.)
Remarks: CHroma I Soils 10-24" Below surface. Apparent fill.
0?=..T :wens Z :eaay puepaM Ie4aQ dew
-T T
0-
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? i
Area 2:
Soil; Sampling Point: #I
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color (moist) % Color (moist) % Type' Loc2 Texture Remarks
0-6 14YR 3/2 100 C* Loom
6-8 2.5 8/4 100 ' Sandy clay i oarq
8-16 1 0YR 5/2 85 10YR 4/6 15 Clay Loam

1Type: G ntratlon, CIs!?apleticn. RM=RtItHH W MaM, GS-COV W of (:caW UW Grains. 2LOCeWw. PL=Pore Unmg, mwmanw.
Kvdric Soil lndlcators: Reallon Code: wwwastem Utn: aw AAn wear GPI- rreat Pram: A&G U& Qnf Contal Plain: WM( vest
Hiseosol A1' (AJI" Pol"21w Belm Surtaee SS (A&G LRR S T. U)
Hidit Spipedou A2 (All Thin Dark Surface S5 (6&0 LRR S, T. L"i

Black Kobe (A-,) rAM Loamy Mucky Mineral (FI) (`tirM ex"Vi MLRA(: A, GP. M. AAG
LRR tai
Sulfi is (A4) (AIl Luamv Gleved Matrix F2 AI()
Stratified ta4trs (AS A&G M, AW LRR C GP LRR F) I leW Matrix F3 All
Organic Bodies A6) (A&G LRR P T. U Redox Dark Surfacc ( (All)
S an Mucky Ninerat 87 A&Cr LRR P T, U) leted Dark SutFsce F7 . A
Mick Presence (A$ A&GLRR Redox: ions FS Ali
I om muck A9 LRR D F, G P T Problem. C. L J O Vernal Pools K Arid
3 tan Muck Att} (M.Problem W AW LRR B A&G LRR S) Maui. Pt0 (A&G LRR.U
Depleftid Behnv Dark Steface AI I tAIi : eted Ochnc (F 11) (A&G MLRA 151)
Thick Dark Surface A12 AEI tM Massa (FM (W LRR 0P: T Problem in M
Coast Ptairie Ralim (A16) (A&G MLRA 150A; Problem GP LRR
F; G. It M P'robkm)
Ilmbric Surface F13) (,k&G LRR P T U)

uck Mineral (S 1) (AR exe Ak.G LRRs O&S only)
Sandy High PIOU Depressions in 61(GP MLRA 72,73; Pmbkm in
ran of LRR H)
23ono Mack Pau or Pcss (S2) GP LRR G_ H Doha Ochrie.(F17) (A&G MLRA 151
i an Muckv Peat or Pear (S3) `GP LRR F) Reduced Vatic F18A&G MLRA 150A, 1508 AW GP. ARG

Sandy edMatnxtS4) (All) Piedmow Fkxidplain UlstF19)(A&G: MI..RA 149A; Problem in
LRR P, S, T)

Saadv Red- (85 (All Anomalous Bright Loamy Sulks (t :0) (A&G MLRA 149A, 153C,
I SM, Problem in MLRA 1530)
'limped mix S6i (All) Red P. Mawral (M) (Problem in All bur M)
Dark Surface (S7) (A&G LRR P, S, T. U; GF Ptnbtem in LRR G) Odrer (Fx Lein in Remarks
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Depth (inches): Problematic Hydric Soil? Yes _X-No
(Indicators of bydrophytic vegetation and wetland
h drolo must be present.)
Remarks:
Soil: Sampling Point: ##2
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches} Color (moist) % Color (moist) % Type' Loco Texture Remarks
0-16 14YR 4/4 100 Clay loam
r

T type: LxQoncenvatlon, umuepletlon, (iM K6MCed Matrix, G5=Govered or Goated Sarxf Grains. 21-ocatlm PL=Pore lining, MwMatrix.
HVd& Sol! 1!!ldicattom: Region Code: wM-wesmm Mtn: AtatandWaat GP-Clear Rama- AA&AtI9 nLdf cam( nrmi,v ru: w
iistosnl Al (All) Poi ue Below 5 EkA S8' A&G LRR S, T. U)
Histio n AU That Dark Surface (S9 (A&G LRR S, T, U

BlackHatic (A-1) (All) Loamy Mucky Mureral (Fit (WV. except MLRA,1: A, GP, K A&G
LRR Q)
Hv Sulrstc A4 .(AU Loam Matrix F2 (All)
Slrmifced I:UM AS A&G A W LRR C, GP LRR fwd Matrix All
Onpok Bodice (A (A&G LRR P, T, U Re &% flask surli ee ft Alt)
3 an Mu*,v Mineral A (A&G L RR P, T U) Depleted [lark Surface `F 'Ally
Muck PteseW A8 (A&G LRR Redox loos FRi 'All
I cm Muck A . LRR EI F, G H, P, T. Problem C, L 10) Vemal Pools 69) Arid
2 au Much LAIO) 2& Problem WM. AW LRR B A&G LRR SI Marl FLO A&G LRR. U)
Depleted Below Dario Surface Al t) (All) Ochric (F11 (A&G MLRA 151 i
Thick Lark Srafam At2 Alf) kon-Mart Mawtes Ft2 A&G LRR q P, T, problem inn
Caw Praux Ro&,t (A16) (A&G MLRA t50A; Problem GP LRR
F. G. H, M Problem)

Urabne Surface (FIJI _.A&G LRR P, T. U}

Santly Mineral SI All ex A&G LRRsG&S only) High Phone Depmssitms (F16) (GF MLRA 72, 73; Problent in
test Of LO i-1)
2.5 cm .Nbck Pest or Pear S2 } GP LRR G H) D tha Ochric (F17 (A&G MLRA 15 t
S cm Muck Peat or Pea 63 (GP LAR Fl Reduced Vatic FIS A&G MLRA 150A [SOB) AW, GP, A&G)

Sandy Glayed Matrix 1S4A#E
_ Pwdmcm Flocx(plaw Surfs (F19) (A&G, MLRA t49X ProM m in
LRR P, S, T)

Sandy Rely (SS) Alt) Anomalous Brisk[ Loamy Soils (:F2U) (A&G MLRA 149A, tW3
153p; problem to MLRA t981
Stnopad Matrix (Sb -Aft? Red Parent Materret TT2) Problem in All but. M
Dark Surface S7). A&G LRR P S. T U: GP Aebiem in LRR G) Otba (Explain in Remarks
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Depth (inches): __ ___
T = Problematic Hydric Soil? Yes No X?
(Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland
hydrology must be present)
1%cluuilrX3.1
Soil: Sampling Point: #3
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color (moist) % Color (moist) % Type' Goc" Texture Remarks
{ -6 1 OYR 3,f2 100 ! Clay loam
10YR 5-2 85 1 OYR 416 150 RM M ' Clay, loam

1Type: G---COnClCfi UOn, iFrk7"Wn, KM*KeOUCea MaU17F. C,JzG(3Yt3rt?U w -.oattm "M v(aata. f,LQVOWt, F1.-rwa wtl-j, n-Mol-
ihrd.lw a-it {w?lIn 44nra• aAi tL-.n L owca- %AA. u? SA? AW_Arvi W-h r_D_r:raat Cit.- Akt'-A."P MJIF `naatAi PttAin' M-k&rhhN +
Hauosoi (Al) t Affi Fill value Below Surface f W t A&G tRR S.1. Vi
Histic Fpipedoin W) (All Thin Dark Surface (W) (A&-(j LRR S, V, U)

i

uckHwv? (A.' )(All) Loamy Mucky Mmeml i61 i , WM, exerpt MLRA f: A, , 41, A&G
I.RR 0)
Hvdr nSulfide (AA) 1V1) LoamN Gleyed.Matrix (FY) (All
SvanfedLa^ars A5)(A&G .AAW LRR C, GPLRRF vWAvrx £3) (AO
Or is Bodies (A6) (A&G LRR P, F, U Redax I7uk Surface (F6? Alti
5 cm Mucky hhaeral W') i-ktG LRR P, T, LT), lewd Link Surface (F71 ( Alp
Muck Presence AIIi (A&G LRR Ui RCdox Depre,,,skxts (FS) (All)
i cm, W" (A (LRR D, F. G IL P_ T. Problem C, f I.O Venal Pools (F9 fArid
2 em Muck (A10' (M; Problem WNC AW LRR B_ A&G iRR S) Mart tF101(Ad:G LIAR U
Depk%ed Below Dark Surface €.A I l ) (All) ed Cichnc tF l 1 i (A&(; LAURA 151
Thick Dark surface (Al2)(Aq) -Man eu hsss %(F13XA&GLRR0 P `;Probkmin
troo
Coast Pt-awe Redttx (A 16) (A&G A1LR \ I SQrt, Problem GP LRR-
F. G, H: M Problem) l

Gmhric Suttace (TI 3-p (.00W LRR P. T. I I )

Saadv MUky Mmersl (S1! (All ettc A&G LMQ&S ontvi Him Plains Depremicus ( F16) {GP MLRA '2.73. r^robim in
' rest of AR Hl
15 Cm Mwkv Peat or Peat 621!QP LRR G. H} Delta Ochric (F17) (A&G MLRA 15P
5 cm Mtxdcv Peat or Pcat (S31 (G? LRR Fl Rcxfuccd Venic (F t8)fA.?Ci bILRA tSGA, IS6I3y (AR`, GP, .4&L,i

Sandti Gl 'ed A4atnx (S4) (A1I) Piedmont M1 R,4' lA4-k;Prt*eru in
LRR P. S. F)

Sandv Rsclnx S 5,?) (All) Anomalous Bntrht Loamy Soih, (F2W i A&cj (riLRA 149A 15-,C,
153D; Pmhiem in S+iLXA tSp)
.
Stipped Matrix ( S6) f AI{ i Red Parent `viatc rial (T T) (Prabi= to All lieu
Dark Surface (Si) (A&G l_RR P, S T, U, GP Problem Lu LRR c i Other iEx iajn in Remarks
Restrictive Layer (if observed:
Depth (inches};
Type: j Problematic Hydric Soil? Yes-X- No
(Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wettand
hydrology trust be resent.
Remarks:
M-J :aleaS ?MMA\ £ :eaay puepaM Iie4aa dew

4 ?
0
z Q
O fo
Q cn
E '

(n 0
On
V

V =
? j L I
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-0 C:
C:

Z O

Z
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0-
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M 0) zj Q > O

i ?
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Area 3:
Area 3 (continued):
Soil: Sampling Point: #4
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color (moist) % Color (moist) % Type; LO& Texture Remarks
0-6 10YR 312 100 1 Clay loam
I OYR 5-2 85 10YR 4/6 150 R-M 1v1 Clay- loam

i

r r7}e?c. a.-vw wa+nrauen ?. v-a,esFr,euu, ?, n?v,-*?uU+ecx t iiC C; Esv?!'F vvarvu Ut l.UiikCGl Jdi7R UiE$Ifk?. d1,4G8E¢71? t'L=s -ore Lnling, Ni.
Hvdrtc Seit Indicator3_ Realinn r.MA" vtu-w&dtam pMe- AAALA,;H tl -f r.0-1-- ot,i- ear_ A110 HJSWsnl r.AI t ; Al ( Polti?alue Below Surface (S8);-A&G LRR S. T. U)

Hislic E + " (A2) (All , Thm Dark Surfecc (S9) (A&G LRR S. r, U)

Bktck Histi< iA3) tAlll Loamy Mucky Mineral t F I ) (Wht except MLR A ! ; .A. GP, M, A&G
LRR O!
Hvdroeen Sulfide (.A4) i Alli Loamv Gleved Marna f FY)"All l
Stratified LaNvn (AS) t AkG, M. AW LRR C. GP 1-RR FDepl eted Matnx (F31 iAll)
C)rtiantc &xies (AGI (A &G I AR P. 1, {: Redox Dark Surface lFol (Alli
5 etn Mucky Sf nerd (.'l7) (A&G LRR P j, Depleted Dark S nfdce tF?) (.411)
Muck Prewswe iA4)1A46 LRR U) Redox Depmssims fY8 [Al)
I cm Muck t A9) i LRR D, F. G H. P, T; Problem C,1, 3, 01 Veal Prom; (FT) Arid
2 cm 'Ruck t.A l O) 'M, Prnbkvl %Nf. A W [,RR B. AACs LRR S A9ad (F 14) ? t A&G LRR U
Depleted Below Dark Surface (A 11) {All) DtWeW Ochric (Fl l) (A&G MLRA 151)
Thick Lark Surface f:At'i LAi1? hon-N1 aztuanese Masscs (FI_KA&G f-RR 0, P, T, Problem mm)
Crast Prairie Redox (A I5) (AEG hi3_tvA ISQAE;;Prublelu t?Pl.RR
F. G, If, M Problem!

17mbric Stut'ace kF13) (A&(ILRR P_ T, i:)

Sandy 141eeky Mincr l (S I i iAll exce A&G LRRs O&S Ort1u} High Plains Depmssicos (Fib) iCP MLRA 72, '73, Problem io
rest of LRR H!
15 em Muck-, Peat or Peat (S2) (GP LRR G, H Deha(?uhrnc F I') t.A&C MLRA 151 ;

5 cm 'Aakv Peat of Peat (511 UP LRR F) (
Reduced Vetlic tF18) (A&G MLRA 150A, 15013) (Art', GP. A&G

Sandi Gl,: rod Matrix (S41 iAll I Prcdmonr F4xAplain Soils (F 19) (A&G MLRA 149A, ProbLl m in
LRR R S, T)

SmKI ttedox (Sj) I Nt) Anomalous Bright 1, amv Soils (F30) (.A&G Mi:R A t401 i ±C_
1931}, PrYN-m in LILRA t 53 B}
Stri " Mamx (Sri i r AIT) Red Parent Mataial t "CF?) f_Rmblem in All tart .M t
bark Surface t S7) (A&G LRR P, s. T, U, GP Probkn, to LRR; G? Otter (Fe lain in Remarks
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Depth (inches):
??'` = Probtematic Hydric Soil" Yes-X- NO
(Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland
hydrology must be resent.)

Soil. Sampling Point: 45
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color (moist) % Color (moist) % Type' to& Texture Remarks
0-16 10YR 414 too Clay loam

i

TType: CuConcenfttkin, E)-Oe etion, RWReduced Matrix, CS*Covered or Coated Sand GrWns. 2Locatlon: PL*Pom UnhV, M=Matrix
Hvdtic Soft httficaWm: Reston. Code: w,tw-w n Mtn. AW,Add West GP-Gnat Pions: A&G Att& Guff CasaW Ram:
Pistosol (Al) (AH' Pol vslue Below Surface (S8) (A&G LRR S, T, U)
13isttc P ' n A2)'(All :thin Dark Sw#stro 'Sq) A&C, LRR S T, If

Black Histic (A-3) (AM Loamy Mucky ktinaral (171) (W.M mwept MLRAI. A, GP, M, A&G
LRR O)
Hydrogen Sulfide A3) FAH G toMO a 2) (All)
SmNiftcd La A5) i A&G Af, AW LRR ' GP LRR F) D*ved Matrix (F
Otonk Hodges. (A6 i A&G LRR P T, U Radon Dark Surtame 0AD
S cm M!Aj M: wW A , A&G LRR P T i3 Dark Swfue F7 Alt
Muck Presence A8 A&G MR, U) ledox Depressions (ft) Alll
I cam buck Art LRR tT F G P. T, Problem C LT, O) Vernal Pools 'F9} Arid
a cm Muck At© M; Pmbiem) AW LRR B. A&G LRR S" Marl Flo) (AA G LIA
peoewd Below Dark Surface (Al l (An) Ocbric (fIIj (W ° MLRA,151)
Thick, Dark Surface fA t 2 t)
I Itwa-Alan A,f FIIIA&G LRR ©. P T: Problem in M)
CO" Prairie Redox (A 16"t (A
G Mt.RA 15GA; Problem GP LRR
F, G, F; M Problem)

tlmbric Surface F A&G LRR P, T. U

Sandy Muck Mineral Sl) (All e=qg A&G LRRs O&S anon lfr8h PlIalm Deoressiw (F16) (GP `II-RA 72, 71 Problem in
rest of LRR E3)
2.5 cm Muck Pent or Peat S2) (UP, LRR G HI Delta Ochnc (Fl7 A&G MIIA 1511
5 cm Mucky P or Pam S3 GP LRR . Reduced Vertic FIB A&G MLRA I IO 13" AW GP A&G -

Sandy GUyedMiarm 34 (All) Piedmont FlnadptamSoil$(FI9)(A&G MIA1049A;Problemin
LRR P, S, T)

I

Sandy Redox 3) "All Anomalous Bright Lawny Soils(F211)(A& MLKA 149A, 1530,
I53D; Problem m MLRA 153B)
Stripm? Matrix (S61(AR Red Part Malarial Problem in All butt M)
Dark Surface (S ; A&G LRR P 3 T U; GP Problem in LRR G Other (% lain in Rdmarks
Restrictive Layer (if observed):
Depth (inches):
T Problematic Hydric Soil? Yes NO X„?
(Indicators of hydrophytie vegetation and wetland
h dr must be present.)
Remarks:.

$6 goo
Wetland Area 4:
0.025 ac. existing wetland
1,231' existing channel
20' existing culvert
NORTH
I Map Detail I Area: 4 1 ?? L/SM I Scale: 1"=80' 1 1
Area 4:
Area 4 (continued):
SOOT=,.T :ale:)S ?L= S :eaay I1e4aa dew
j
4z ,.
i _

00
0

i
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
Appendix I
Design Sheets
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
SHOAL FALLS FARM RESTORATION SITE
RESTORATION PLAN
RESTORATION SYSTEMS, LLC April 2009
9 S S
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