20051353 Ver 1_Complete File_20050718

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Jack Horton, County Manager
Haywood County
Courthouse
215 North Main Street
Waynesville, NC 28786
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
July 25, 2005
rte! ???
Subject Property: Crabtree Site - Pigeon River (HC - 103)
DWQ Project # 05-1353
Haywood County
AU G 2 - 2005
DENR - WATER QUALITY
V,'ETLAtdDS NO STOiN `' DATER BRANCH
Approval of 401 Water Quality Certification with Additional Conditions
Dear Mr. Horton:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed
below, to place fill within or otherwise impact 300 feet of streams for the purpose of
streambank stabilization at the subject properties, as described within your application
received by the N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ) on July 20, 2005. After reviewing
your application, we have decided that the impacts are covered by General Water
Quality Certification Number(s) 3367 (3367). The Certification (s) allows you to use
Nationwide Permit(s) 37 when issued by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). In
addition, you should obtain or otherwise comply with any other required federal, state or
local permits before you go ahead with your project including (but not limited to) Erosion
and Sediment Control, Non-discharge, and stormwater regulations. Also, this
approval to proceed with your proposed impacts or to conduct impacts to waters
as depicted in your application shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAMA
Permit.
This approval is for the purpose that you described in your application. If you change
your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application.
If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and
approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions. If total fills
for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre of wetland or 150 linear feet of
stream, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506
(h). This approval requires you to follow the conditions listed in the attached
certification and any additional conditions listed below.
The Additional Conditions of the Certification are:
401 Wetlands Certification Unit
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
1321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone] / Internet: http://h2o enr.state.nc.us/ncvvetlands
No" thCarolina
r1ratura!!J
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer- 50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper
Haywood County:
Page 2 of 6
July 25, 2005
1. Impacts Approved
The following impacts are hereby approved as long as all of the other specific
and general conditions of this Certification (or Isolated Wetland Permit) are met.
No other impacts are approved including incidental impacts:
Amount
Approved Units Plan Location or Reference
Stream 300 feet Pigeon River
2. Erosion & Sediment Control Practices
Erosion and sediment control practices must be in full compliance with all
specifications governing the proper design, installation and operation and
maintenance of such Best Management Practices in order to protect surface
waters standards:
a. The erosion and sediment control measures for the project must be
designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the most
recent version of the North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control Planning
and Design Manual.
b. The design, installation, operation, and maintenance of the sediment and
erosion control measures must be such that they equal, or exceed, the
requirements specified in the most recent version of the North Carolina
Sediment and Erosion Control Manual. The devices shall be maintained on
all construction sites, borrow sites, and waste pile (spoil) projects, including
contractor-owned or leased borrow pits associated with the project.
c. For borrow pit sites, the erosion and sediment control measures must be
designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the most
recent version of the North Carolina Surface Mining Manual.
d. The reclamation measures and implementation must comply with the
reclamation in accordance with the requirements of the Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act.
3. No Waste, Spoil, Solids, or Fill of Any Kind
No waste, spoil, solids, or fill of any kind shall occur in wetlands, waters, or riparian
areas beyond the footprint of the impacts depicted in the Pre-Construction
Notification. All construction activities, including the design, installation, operation,
and maintenance of sediment and erosion control Best Management Practices,
shall be performed so that no violations of state water quality standards, statutes,
or rules occur.
Haywood County:
Page 3 of G
July 25, 2005
4. No Sediment & Erosion Control Measures w/n Wetlands or Waters
Sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or waters
to the maximum extent practicable. If placement of sediment and erosion control
devices in wetlands and waters is unavoidable, they shall be removed and the
natural grade restored within six months of the date that the Division of Land
Resources has released the project.
5. Certificate of Completion
Upon completion of all work approved within the 401 Water Quality Certification
or applicable Buffer Rules, and any subsequent modifications, the applicant is
required to return the attached certificate of completion to the 401/Wetlands Unit,
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC,
27699-1650.
6. Construction in this creek and disturbance within a 25-foot trout buffer should be
avoided during the January 1 to April 15 rainbow trout spawning period to avoid
adverse effects of sediment on eggs and larvae. However, Wildlife Resources
Commission will not object to construction of Natural Resources Conservation
Service "urgent and compelling" sites during the spawning period provided these
projects are, to the extent appropriate and practical, constructed by: (1) using flow
diversion structures such as sand bags, (2) placing large-sized rock toes and filter
cloth backing for stabilization sites before backfilling, and (3) excavating new
channel alignments in dry areas. Construction at the other non-"urgent and
compelling" sites should not occur during the spawning period to minimize the
potential adverse effects of multiple construction activities on trout resources in this
creek.
7. Sediment and erosion control measures must be implemented prior to construction
and maintained on the sites to minimize sediment in downstream areas. Seeding for
a temporary cover of wheat, millet, or similar annual grain or permanent herbaceous
cover should occur on all bare soil within five (5) days of ground disturbing activities
to provide long-term erosion control. The projects should be accomplished in stages
instead of leaving large tracts exposed to further storm events. Erosion control
matting should be used in conjunction with appropriate seeding on disturbed soils in
steep slope and riparian areas. Matting should be secured in place with staples,
stakes, or, wherever possible, live stakes of native trees. Straw mulch and tall
fescue should not be used in riparian areas. In addition, because of an anticipated
difficulty in establishing ground cover during the winter, reseeding should be
conducted, as necessary, in the spring-time with a native annual and perennial seed
mix with a temporary nursery crop of wheat, millet or other grain.
Haywood County:
Page 4 of 6
July 25, 2005
8. Only clean, large, angular rock, large woody material, or other natural stream design
materials and techniques should be used for bank stabilization. Rock should not be
placed in the stream channel in a manner that constricts stream flow or that will
impede aquatic life movements during low flow conditions. Filter cloth should be
placed behind large rock that is used for bank stabilization. Properly designed rock
vanes should be constructed wherever appropriate on bank stabilization and
channel realignment stream reaches to improve channel stability and to improve
aquatic habitat. Root wads should be installed low enough in the bank so that a
significant portion (at least one-third) the root wad is inundated during normal flows.
9. The channel should be restored to a more stable condition. However, under no
circumstances should river rock, sand or other materials be dredged from the stream
channel under authorization of this permit except, if necessary, in the immediate
vicinity of the eroding banks for the explicit purpose of anchoring stabilizing or
flow/grade control structures or for reestablishing the natural and more stable stream
channel dimensions. Stream bed materials are unstable in flowing-water situations
and are unsuitable for bank stabilization. In stream dredging has catastrophic effects
on aquatic life and disturbance of the natural form of the stream channel can cause
downstream erosion problems. The natural dimension, pattern, and profile of the
stream upstream and downstream of the permitted area should not be modified by
widening the stream channel or changing its depth.
10. Stabilization measures should only be applied on or near existing erosion sites,
leaving other stable stream bank areas in a natural condition. Grading and
backfilling should be minimized and tree and shrub growth should be retained where
possible to ensure long term availability of stream bank cover for aquatic life and
wildlife. Backfill materials should be obtained from upland sites except in cases
where excess stream bed materials are available. Berms should not be permitted
because they block the floodplain, constrict and accelerate flood flows, and often fail
and sometimes impede drainage during large flood events.
11. Repairs to eroded banks should be conducted in a dry work area where possible.
Sandbags or other clean diversion structures should be used where possible to
minimize excavation in flowing water. Channel realignments should be constructed
by excavating the new channel from downstream to upstream before connecting it to
the old channel.
12. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank whenever possible. All
mechanized equipment operated near surface waters should be inspected and
maintained regularly to prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels,
lubricants, hydraulic fluids or other toxic materials. Equipment used in stream
channel must be clean, new or low hour equipment.
13. Disturbed stream banks and a 25-foot vegetated zone, or the widest width that is
practical under the site conditions, should be restored where possible along the
construction sites to natural riparian conditions with native trees and shrubs (e.g.,
silky dogwood, rhododendron, dog hobble, red maple, silky willow, tag alder, black
willow, sycamore) to provide long-term bank stability and stream shading. Note,
silky dogwood, silky willow and black willow can be planted as live stakes collected
during the dormant growing season. Cuttings should be randomly planted on four
(4) foot centers from the waters edge to the top of the bank. Trees should be planted
on ten (10) to twelve (12) foot centers. Stream banks in these areas should also be
Haywood County:
Page 5 of 6
July 25, 2005
seeded with a native annual and perennial seed mix with a temporary nursery crop
of wheat, millet or other grain.
14. If pasture along the stream is to be used for grazing, a fence must be constructed
outside of the riparian zone and the stream to prevent livestock from entering these
areas.
15. Diffuse Flow

All constructed stormwater conveyance outlets shall be directed and maintained
as diffuse flow at non-erosive velocities through the protected riparian zones
such that it will not re-concentrate before discharging into a stream. If this is not
possible, it may be necessary to provide stormwater facilities that are considered
to remove nitrogen. This may require additional approval from this Office.
16. Riparian Zone Replanting
Replanting of vegetation within disturbed areas located within 25 feet of the
streambank associated with any land disturbing activity, repair, replacement
and/or maintenance must be done in a manner consistant with the Guidelines
for Riparian Buffer Restoration immediately following construction. (Please
see attached.)
45. Deed Notifications
Deed notifications or similar mechanisms shall be placed on all retained
jurisdictional wetlands, waters and protective woody riparian zones in order to
assure compliance for future wetland, water and buffer impact. These
mechanisms shall be put in place prior to impacting any wetlands, waters and/or
buffers approved for impact under this Certification Approval and Authorization
Certificate. A sample deed notification can be downloaded from the
401/Wetlands Unit web site at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. The text of
the sample deed notification may be modified as appropriate to suit to this
project.
17. Turbidity Standard
The turbidity standard of 10 NTUs (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) shall not be
exceeded as described in 15 A NCAC 2B. .0200. Appropriate sediment and
erosion control practices must be used to meet this standard.
18. No Sediment and Erosion Control Measures in Wetlands
Sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or waters
to the maximum extent practicable. If placement of sediment and erosion control
devices in wetlands and waters is unavoidable, they shall be removed and the
natural grade restored within six months of the date that the Division of Land
Resources or locally delegated program has released the project.
Haywood County:
Page 6 of 6
July 25, 2005
Violations of any condition herein set forth may result in revocation of this Certification
and may result in criminal and/or civil penalties. The authorization to proceed with your
proposed impacts or to conduct impacts to waters as depicted in your application and
as authorized by this Certification, shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAMA
Permit.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this Certification (associated with the
approved wetland or stream impacts), you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You
must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing,
send a written petition, which conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General
Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,
N.C. 27699-6714. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you
ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of
the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone Cyndi Karoly in the
Central Office in Raleigh at 919-733-9721 or Mr. Kevin Barnett in the DWQ Asheville
Regional Office at 828-296-4657.
Sincerely,
%6c`??L1 C &"?t CZ//
Alan 1N. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
AW K/khb
Enclosures: GC 3367
Certificate of Completion
Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration
cc: Ken Futreal, Southwestern NC R & D Council
367 Dellwood Road
Building E, Suite 3
Waynesville, NC 28786
USACE Asheville Regulatory Field Office
DWQ 401 Unit - Central Office
DLR Asheville Regional Office
File Copy
Central Files
Filename: 05-1352. EWP.CrabtreeSite-PigeonRiver.Approval
Oc?OF VIA
T X90
G
r
\1ichael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
July 25, 2005
e
Jack Horton, County Manager
Haywood County
Courthouse
215 North Main Street
DWQ Project # 05-1353
Haywood County
Waynesville, NC 28786 n L5 (? @ LI0 t1n/7f? D
5 LI 1J l_5
D
Subject Property: Crabtree Site - Pigeon River (HC -103)
SFP 2 6 2005
DEUR • WATER QUALITY
Approval of 401 Water Quality Certification with Additional t'ir rfffdrt 'AYATERBRANCH
Dear Mr. Horton:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed
below, to place fill within or otherwise impact 300 feet of streams for the purpose of
streambank stabilization at the subject properties, as described within your application
received by the N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ) on July 20, 2005. After reviewing
your application, we have decided that the impacts are covered by General Water
Quality Certification Number(s) 3367 (3367). The Certification (s) allows you to use
Nationwide Permit(s) 37 when issued by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). In
addition, you should obtain or otherwise comply with any other required federal, state or
local permits before you go ahead with your project including (but not limited to) Erosion
and Sediment Control, Non-discharge, and stormwater regulations. Also, this
approval to proceed with your proposed impacts or to conduct impacts to waters
as depicted in your application shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAMA
Permit.
This approval is for the purpose that you described in your application. If you change
your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application.
If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and
approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions. If total fills
for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre of wetland or 150 linear feet of
stream, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506
(h). This approval requires you to follow the conditions listed in the attached
certification and any additional conditions listed below.
The Additional Conditions of the Certification are:
401 Wetlands Certification Unit
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone] / Internet http://h2o.enr,state.nc.uslncwetlands
One
N Carolina
?1afura!!if
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer- 50% Recyded110% Post Consumer Paper
Haywood County:
Page 2 of 6
July 25,,2005
1. Impacts Approved
The following impacts are hereby approved as long as all of the other specific
and general conditions of this Certification (or Isolated Wetland Permit) are met.
No other impacts are approved including incidental impacts:
Amount
Approved Units Plan Location or Reference
Stream 300 feet Pigeon River
2. Erosion & Sediment Control Practices
Erosion and sediment control practices must be in full compliance with all
specifications governing the proper design, installation and operation and
maintenance of such Best Management Practices in order to protect surface
waters standards:
a. The erosion and sediment control measures for the project must be
designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the most
recent version of the North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control Planning
and Design Manual.
b. The design, installation, operation, and maintenance of the sediment and
erosion control measures must be such that they equal, or exceed, the
requirements specified in the most recent version of the North Carolina
Sediment and Erosion Control Manual. The devices shall be maintained on
all construction sites, borrow sites, and waste pile (spoil) projects, including
contractor-owned or leased borrow pits associated with the project.
c. For borrow pit sites, the erosion and sediment control measures must be
designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the most
recent version of the North Carolina Surface Mining Manual.
d. The reclamation measures and implementation must comply with the
reclamation in accordance with the requirements of the Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act.
3. No Waste, Spoil, Solids, or Fill of Any Kind
No waste, spoil, solids, or fill of any kind shall occur in wetlands, waters, or riparian
areas beyond the footprint of the impacts depicted in the Pre-Construction
Notification. All construction activities, including the design, installation, operation,
and maintenance of sediment and erosion control Best Management Practices,
shall be performed so that no violations of state water quality standards, statutes,
or rules occur.
Haywood County:
Page 3 of 6
July 25, 2005
4. No Sediment & Erosion Control Measures w/n Wetlands or Waters
Sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or waters
to the maximum extent practicable. Itplacement of sediment and erosion control
devices in wetlands and waters is unavoidable, they shall be removed and the
natural grade restored within six months of the date that the Division of Land
Resources has released the project.
5. Certificate of Completion
Upon completion of all work approved within the 401 Water Quality Certification
or applicable Buffer Rules, and any subsequent modifications, the applicant is
required to return the attached certificate of completion to the 401/Wetlands Unit,
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC,
27699-1650.
6. Construction in this creek and disturbance within a 25-foot trout buffer should be
avoided during the January 1 to April 15 rainbow trout spawning period to avoid
adverse effects of sediment on eggs and larvae. However, Wildlife Resources
Commission will not object to construction of Natural Resources Conservation
Service "urgent and compelling" sites during the spawning period provided these
projects are, to the extent appropriate and practical, constructed by: (1) using flow
diversion structures such as sand bags, (2) placing large-sized rock toes and filter
cloth backing for stabilization sites before backfilling, and (3) excavating new
channel alignments in dry areas. Construction at the other non-"urgent and
compelling" sites should not occur during the spawning period to minimize the
potential adverse effects of multiple construction activities on trout resources in this
creek.
7. Sediment and erosion control measures must be implemented prior to construction
and maintained on the sites to minimize sediment in downstream areas. Seeding for
a temporary cover of wheat, millet, or similar annual grain or permanent herbaceous
cover should occur on all bare soil within five (5) days of ground disturbing activities
to provide long-term erosion control. The projects should be accomplished in stages
instead of leaving large tracts exposed to further storm events. Erosion control
matting should be used in conjunction with appropriate seeding on disturbed soils in
steep slope and riparian areas. Matting should be secured in place with staples,
stakes, or, wherever possible, live stakes of native trees. Straw mulch and tall
fescue should not be used in riparian areas. In addition, because of an anticipated
difficulty in establishing ground cover during the winter, reseeding should be
conducted, as necessary, in the spring-time with a native annual and perennial seed
mix with a temporary nursery crop of wheat, millet or other grain.
Haywood County:
Page 4 of 6
July 25, 2005
8. Only clean, large, angular rock, large woody material, or other natural stream design
materials and techniques should be used for bank stabilization. Rock should not be
placed in the stream channel in a manner that constricts stream flow or that will
impede aquatic life movements during lbw flow conditions. Filter cloth should be
placed behind large rock that is used for bank stabilization. Properly designed rock
vanes should be constructed wherever appropriate on bank stabilization and
channel realignment stream reaches to improve channel stability and to improve
aquatic habitat. Root wads should be installed low enough in the bank so that a
significant portion (at least one-third) the root wad is inundated during normal flows.
9. The channel should be restored to a more stable condition. However, under no
circumstances should river rock, sand or other materials be dredged from the stream
channel under authorization of this permit except, if necessary, in the immediate
vicinity of the eroding banks for the explicit purpose of anchoring stabilizing or
flow/grade control structures or for reestablishing the natural and more stable stream
channel dimensions. Stream bed materials are unstable in flowing-water situations
and are unsuitable for bank stabilization. In stream dredging has catastrophic effects
on aquatic life and disturbance of the natural form of the stream channel can cause
downstream erosion problems. The natural dimension, pattern, and profile of the
stream upstream and downstream of the permitted area should not be modified by
widening the stream channel or changing its depth.
10. Stabilization measures should only be applied on or near existing erosion sites,
leaving other stable stream bank areas in a natural condition. Grading and
backfilling should be minimized and tree and shrub growth should be retained where
possible to ensure long term availability of stream bank cover for aquatic life and
wildlife. Backfill materials should be obtained from upland sites except in cases
where excess stream bed materials are available. Berms should not be permitted
because they block the floodplain, constrict and accelerate flood flows, and often fail
and sometimes impede drainage during large flood events.
11. Repairs to eroded banks should be conducted in a dry work area where possible.
Sandbags or other clean diversion structures should be used where possible to
minimize excavation in flowing water. Channel realignments should ,be constructed
by excavating the new channel from downstream to upstream before connecting it to
the old channel.
12. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank whenever possible. All
mechanized equipment operated near surface waters should be inspected and
maintained regularly to prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels,
lubricants, hydraulic fluids or other toxic materials. Equipment used in stream
channel must be clean, new or low hour equipment.
13. Disturbed stream banks and a 25-foot vegetated zone, or the widest width that is
practical under the site conditions, should be restored where possible along the
construction sites to natural riparian conditions with native trees and shrubs (e.g.,
silky dogwood, rhododendron, dog hobble, red maple, silky willow, tag alder, black
willow, sycamore) to provide long-term bank stability and stream shading. Note,
silky dogwood, silky willow and black willow can be planted as live stakes collected
during the dormant growing season. Cuttings should be randomly planted on four
(4) foot centers from the waters edge to the top of the bank. Trees should be planted
on ten (10) to twelve (12) foot centers. Stream banks in these areas should also be
Haywood County:
Page 5 of 6
July 25, 2005
seeded with a native annual and perennial seed mix with a temporary nursery crop
of wheat, millet or other grain.
14.If pasture along the stream is to be used for grazing, a fence must be constructed
outside of the riparian zone and the stream to prevent livestock from entering these
areas.
15. Diffuse Flow
e
All constructed stormwater conveyance outlets shall be directed and maintained
as diffuse flow at non-erosive velocities through the protected riparian zones
such that it will not re-concentrate before discharging into a stream. If this is not
possible, it may be necessary to provide stormwater facilities that are considered
to remove nitrogen. This may require additional approval from this Office.
16. Riparian Zone Replanting
Replanting of vegetation within disturbed areas located within 25 feet of the
streambank associated with any land disturbing activity, repair, replacement
and/or maintenance must be done in a manner consistant with the Guidelines
for Riparian Buffer Restoration immediately following construction. (Please
see attached.)
45. Deed Notifications
Deed notifications or similar mechanisms shall be placed on all retained
jurisdictional wetlands, waters and protective woody riparian zones in order to
assure compliance for future wetland, water and buffer impact. These
mechanisms shall be put in place prior to impacting any wetlands, waters and/or
buffers approved for impact under this Certification Approval and Authorization
Certificate. A sample deed notification can be downloaded from the
401/Wetlands Unit web site at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetiands. The text of
the sample deed notification may be modified as appropriate to suit to this
project.
17. Turbidity Standard
The turbidity standard of 10 NTUs (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) shall not be
exceeded as described in 15 A NCAC 2B. .0200. Appropriate sediment and
erosion control practices must be used to meet this standard.
18. No Sediment and Erosion Control Measures in Wetlands
Sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or waters
to the maximum extent practicable. If placement of sediment and erosion control
devices in wetlands and waters is unavoidable, they shall be removed and the
natural grade restored within six months of the date that the Division of Land
Resources or locally delegated program has released the project.
Haywood County:
Page 6 of 6
July 25, 2005
Violations of any condition herein set forth may result in revocation of this Certification
and may result in criminal and/or civil penalties. The authorization to proceed with your
proposed impacts or to conduct impacts to waters as depicted in your application and
as authorized by this Certification, shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAMA
Permit.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this Certification (associated with the
approved wetland or stream impacts), you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You
must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing,
send a written petition, which conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General
Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,
N'.C.27699-6714. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you
ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of
the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone Cyndi Karoly in the
Central Office in Raleigh at 919-733-9721 or Mr. Kevin Barnett in the DWQ Asheville
Regional Office at 828-296-4657.
Sincerely,
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
AW Klkhb
Enclosures: GC 3367
Certificate of Completion
Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration
cc: Ken Futreal, Southwestern NC R & D Council
367 Dellwood Road
Building E, Suite 3
Waynesville, NC 28786
USACE Asheville Regulatory Field Office
DWQ 401 Unit - Central Office
DLR Asheville Regional Office
File Copy
Central Files
Filename: 05-1352.EWP.CrabtreeSite-PigeonRiver.Approval

Detalist Ir ?d ? 1 -"" 1 lb
Project Number: 20051353 Version: I Status: 'Issued LastAcllon Desc: Project issued
'Project Name: !Haywood County EWP HC-103 Crabtree Site •Project Type: (Stream Restoration/ Creation
Project Desc: EWP
*Owner: Horion,Jack Details
'Received From: (Applicant COE ID: 'Primary County: ?Haywo0d
DOTTIP: `AdminRegion: [Asheville
Received Dt: 0 712 012 0 0 5 W Reviewer: f kevin.bamatt
Issued Dt: 07125!2005
'Secondary County
Statutory DC 09!10/2005
CAMA NEPAISEPAReceived Dt:'
DCM Office: I SW Plan Received Dt
COE Office: Neville Regulatory Fleld Of g SW Plan Approved Dt Public Notice Published Dt:
Last Updated By: rob.ridings SW Plan Location: Public Notice Received Dt:
Last Updated On 0712112005 Sewage Disposal: I P.N. Comment Period Ends Dt
i
<Back I, I Close
i

u

Triage Check List
Date: 07/21/05 Project Name: Haywood County EWP - HC-103
Crabtree Site
DWQ #:05-1353
County: Haywood
Kevin Barnett, Asheville Regional Office
To:
60-day Processing Time: 7/20/05 to 9/18/05
From: Cyndi Karoly Telephone: [phone]
The file attached is being forwarded to you for your evaluation.
Please call if you need assistance.
? Stream length impacted
? Stream determination
Wetland determination and distance to blue-line surface waters on USFW topo maps
? Minimization/avoidance issues
? Buffer Rules (Neuse, Tar-Pamlico, Catawba, Randleman)
? Pond fill
Mitigation Ratios
? Ditching
? Are the stream and or wetland mitigation sites available and viable?
? Check drawings for accuracy
? Is the application consistent with pre-application meetings?
? Cumulative impact concern
Comments: As per our discussion regarding revision of the triage and delegation processes,
please review the attached file. Note that you are the first reviewer, so this file will need to be
reviewed for administrative as well as technical details. If you elect to place this project on hold,
please ask the applicant to provide your requested information to both the Central Office in
Raleigh as well as the Asheville Regional Office. As we discussed, this is an experimental, interim
procedure as we slowly transition to electronic applications. Please apprise me of any
complications you encounter, whether related to workload, processing times, or lack of a "second
reviewer" as the triage process in Central had previously provided. Also, if you think of ways to
improve this process, especially so that we can plan for the electronic applications, let me know.
Thanks!
Office Use Only: Form Version October 2001
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" rather than
leaving the space blank.
I. Processing JDT3@9?VP=5
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project® Section 404 Permit JUL 2 0 2005
? Section 10 Permit
401 Water Quality Certification t)ENft; a41r-; *QUALITY
F rt ?l
? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules `?-
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwide 37
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (see section VIII - Mitigation), check here: ?
H. Applicant Information
Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Haywood County - Jack Horton, County Manager
Mailing Address: County Courthouse
215 N. Main Street
Waynesville, North Carolina 28786
Telephone Number: 828-452-6625 Fax Number: 828-452-6715
E-mail Address: iliorton(i?haywoodnc net
2. Agent Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter must be
attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: Ken Futreal
Company Affiliation: Southwestern NC RC&D Council
Mailing Address: 367 Dellwood Road
Biflldin2 E, Suite 3
Waynesville, N.C. 28786
Telephone Number: 828-400-3279 Fax Number: 828-452-7031
E-mail Address: kfutreal a yahoo.com
Page 5 of 12
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name ofproject:Haywood County Emerpency Watershed Protection Program (HC-103)
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): 8629527084-Crabtree site
Owner & Address: Kathv & Steven Ross 188 Ridj!edale Road, Clyde, NC 28721
4. Location
County: Haywood Nearest Town: Clyde
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): Turn north onto Crabtree
Road (S.R. 209) from 1-40. Follow Crabtree Road for approximately 1.7 miles before
tttrnin2 left onto Ridtedale Road (S.R. 1358) and travel approximately 0.9 miles. The
site is located to the south off Ridl!edale Road on a property access road and is
approximately 280 feet upstream from where an unnamed tributary enters the Pigeon
River.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long):
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Describe the existing land use or condition of the site at the time of this application:
Land use is a,-ricultural.
7. Property size (acres): 40.91 Acres
8. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Pigeon River
9. River Basin: French Broad
Page 6 of 12
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(es/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***
n/a

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at http://\?Nvw.fem3.t,,ov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.)
List the total acreage (estimated) of existing wetlands on the property: n/a
Total area of wetland impact proposed: n/a
2. Stream Impacts, including all intermittent and perennial streams
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please secif )
1 Fill and
excavation 300' Pigeon River 115'-130' Perennial

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
Page 8 of 12
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.uszs.eov. Several internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www•.topoione.com,
w-%vw.mapquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 300 If
3. Open Water Impacts, including Lakes, Ponds, Estuaries, Sounds, Atlantic Ocean and any
other Water of the U.S.
Open Water Impact
Site Number

(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact

(acres) N
(if Name
applicable) body Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)
n/a

" List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. impacts include, out are not nmited to: tui, excavuuuu, ulcu5m6,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
if construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
The stream bank on the south side needs to be repaired and restored to avoid continued
sedimentation and future destruction of property. RestorinV_ the channel to the pre-storm
conditions and stabilizing the stream banks will provide the appropriate protection afainst
future high water storm events. Access for this repair work is via a property access road
from Ridt?edale Road When at all possible, equipment will be kept out of the stream
Page 9 of 12
channel and stream crossings will be minimized. Temporary and permanent herbaceous
vep,etation shall be planted on all bare soils within 15 davs of Around disturbing activities.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic enviromnent are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http//h2o enr.state.nc.iis/ncwetlands/strmL,idc.litml.
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP) with the NCWRP's written agreement. Check the box indicating that
you would like to pay into the NCWRP. Please note that payment into the NCWRP must be
reviewed and approved before it can be used to satisfy mitigation requirements. Applicants
will be notified early in the review process by the 401/Wetlands Unit if payment into the
NCWRP is available as an option. For additional information regarding the application
process for the NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at hup:/%h2o en r. state.nc.usAvip/index.htm. If
use of the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide
the following information:
Page 10 of 12
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Only)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public funds or the use of public (federal/state/local)
land?
Yes ® No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ? No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (DWQ Only)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ? No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(square feet) Multiplier Required
Mitigation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
Page 1 I of 12
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
XI.
XII
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 213.0242 or .0260.
Stormwater (DWQ Only)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
Sewage Disposal (DWQ Only)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (DWQ Only)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
Due to Federal reuulations relZardinll the use of EWP, funding construction of all EWP
work must be under construction by September of 2005.

Applican ent's gnature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12

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401/404 PERMITTING PACKAGE
HC-103
CRABTREE SITE
HAYWOOD COUNTY EWP
HAYWOOD COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
McGill
ASSOCIATES
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
ASHEVILLE,NORTH CAROLINA

STREAM REPAIRS & BANK STABILIZATION PLAN FOR
Crabtree Site
Haywood County, North Carolina
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Prepared for
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In conjunction with:
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA.
Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
1. PROJECT PURPOSE & DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this project is to stabilize and/or repair eroded and unstable stream banks
along the Pigeon River that were impacted by flood flows from Hurricanes Frances and
Ivan in September of 2004. The severely eroded stream banks consist of exposed soil on
moderate to steep slopes, which, if transported during another high flow event, could
block downstream culverts and bridges as well as cause increased erosion and
sedimentation in vulnerable High Quality waters. As desired by the landowner(s) and
charged to us by Haywood County, NC, the proposed design is intended to reconstruct
the damaged bank(s) as "close as possible" to the original pre-disturbance conditions.
This site is not within a designated Critical Habitat for the Appalachian Elktoe Mussel
(Alasmidonta raveneliana) (AE) zone. However, the continued sedimentation occurring
from this damaged site is an ongoing impact to the downstream waters and its careful,
quick repair is critical to protecting stream resources.
The work described in this Strearn Repair and Bank Stabilization Plan (Repair Plan) is
urgent and compelling work under the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS)
Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) program to protect existing property and
structures. NRCS is the funding agency and Haywood County / Haywood Soil and
r Water Conservation District (SWCD) is the sponsor and responsible party for the project.
Work on the site consists of repair and stabilization effort only, and is not considered
natural channel restoration or enhancement work. However, some methods and
approaches utilized in the proposed repairs are routinely applied in natural channel design
efforts due to their ability to protect channel banks from shear stresses and the resultant
erosion.
All work in or near surface waters will be fully supervised by trained personnel from both
McGill Associates and Soil & Environmental Consultants (S&EC). This site is just one
of seventeen (17) similarly damaged sites selected for repair within Haywood County as
part of Haywood County bid invitations HC-102, HC-103, and HC-104. Each of the sites
is considered independent of one another (non-contiguous) due to the physical separation
typically in excess of several thousand feet between sites.
2. SITE DESCRIPTION
Site #9 - Crabtree Site - Pigeon River (C Waters) - The repair site is approximately 300
feet in length and is located along the Pigeon River in Haywood County, NC. This area
is located off Ridgedale Road (S.R. 1358) approximately 280 feet upstream from where
an unnamed tributary enters the Pigeon River. Please refer to repair plans for
photographs, mapping, imagery, and details of existing site conditions.
Approximately 300 feet of the right (south) channel bank (left and right are referenced
while looking downstream) was severely damaged through bank erosion and soil loss.
The repair is located on property owned by Mr. Steven and Mrs. Kathy Ross.
a

Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
Banks along the repair reach range in height from roughly 11 to 13 feet and are near
vertical in sonic locations. Based on a review of available mapping and imagery, the
width of bank loss varies from 3 feet to as much as 12 feet along the repair reach.
No repairs have been performed along the repair reach at this time and the existing
(failed) banks are continuing to erode. Little to no available repair materials exists along
this portion of the reach.

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Access to the site is not an issue since there is an access road located on the property.
There were no utilities visible. Utilities must be located and marked by contractor prior
to construction. The disturbed area for the proposed repair and stabilization is 0.50 acres,
and is exempt from an Erosion Control Permit from Land Quality. The Crabtree site
work described in this plan will need to be permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (Section 404 permit) and the NC Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Division of Water Quality (Section 401 Water Quality Certification).
3. TECHNICAL REPAIR DESCRIPTION
On April 1, April 13, and again on May 19, 2005, members of our design team visited the
repair site to gain an understanding of current site conditions and perform a general site
characterization. While on site, we observed characteristics of the site and surrounding
area, verified surface and channel flow conditions, and observed existing property
boundaries, select utilities, site accessibility, and existing water conveyance structures.
During this process, we observed exposed eroded banks along the repair reach (which
were caused by the hurricanes) to typify failed bank height, slope, materials, vegetation,
and general site conditions.
While on site, we also observed existing channel banks immediately upstream and
downstream of the repair area as well as the existing channel banks on the opposite side
of the watercourse (in most cases only one bank of the existing channel was damaged).
Utilizing GPS and laser-level (or Total Station) equipment, we collected select site data
to locate the extent of the damage and characterize the existing conditions along the
repair reach. We field measured one or more bank cross-sections while on site. The
cross-section(s) location were selected to typify the existing bank condition along the
repair reach. A plan sketch of the existing site conditions along typical cross-section(s),
taken along the repair reach, is shown in the Construction Drawings.
We discussed the site conditions (including a description of pre-damage site) with the
landowner (Mr. & Mrs. Ross). We photographed the project sites and prepared field
notes for use in the preparation of our design.
After completing our field visits, we performed a preliminary review and evaluation of
available site mapping to include USGS 7.5 Minute Quad data, Digital Orthophoto Quad
(DOQ) data (1998), Color Infrared imagery (2004), Haywood County Soils Survey map
sheets, as well as other available map data. Using Arc-GIS (with available extensions)
and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) from the NC Floodplain Mapping Project, we
3
Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
estimated the contributing drainage area (at the project site) at approximately 245.3
square miles. We also researched available hydrologic and hydraulic data for the project
site, including a review and evaluation of available Regional Curve data (NCSU - Stream
Restoration Institute (SRI), Preliminary Mountain Curve) for incorporation into the repair
design process as applicable.
Using the data collected during our field visits, we developed a rough site sketch defining
existing conditions with annotated hand notes, descriptions, and repair recommendations.
These notes were later refined for use in the development of our repair "concept" for the
site roughly defining the locations, sizes, and types of modifications and features
i proposed for construction at the site.
In addition to the Existing Site Plan, we also developed our Proposed Repair Plan
including plan view, typical repaired bank cross-sections, construction details for typical
site features, technical construction specifications, and planting recommendations for the
recommended repairs.
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
As described in our technical proposal, we considered a range of possible repair
alternatives for the Crabtree Site. These repair alternatives included: 1) Repair-in-Place
Only, 2) Repair-in-Place augmented with In-Stream Structures, 3) Stream Restoration -
"Natural Channel Design."
As our understanding of this and other repair sites has increased, and in an effort to
streamline the approach to repairs, we further developed these repair alternatives. In our
design development, we strived to utilize techniques which would be simple and
understandable to a "typical" general contractor (reducing the need for specialty
contractors) and which could be easily modified or refined in the field by the designer (or
contractor) based on site conditions encountered during construction. It was also our
intent that repair and stabilization methods would be constructed with commonly used
and readily available construction materials.
Recommended repairs have been designed with robust methods to withstand typical
channel discharges and erosive channel forces. One commonly observed approach to
such bank repairs includes a complete lining of repaired banks with large boulders or
riprap. It is our opinion that such an approach would be undesirable for three main
reasons. 1.) These repairs do not take into account the primary reason for the damage in
the first place, that of excessive shear stresses on the bank and tend to serve as a "band-
aid" approach to bank repairs. 2.) Such repairs utilize excessive volumes of rock
resulting in considerably high repair costs. 3.) The placement of large volumes of rock
for continuous lengths in effect "armors" the banks and fails to provide the desired
(reconstructed) habitat that previously occurred naturally within the system (boulder,
cobble, gravel substrate materials) bed and banks. Such habitat is key to a variety of
aquatic species.
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Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation It HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
Our selected repair alternative for the site includes repairing the failed bank back to its
pre-disturbance location (through fill placement) and augmenting the repair with in-
stream structures. The proposed repair plan calls for the utilization of off-site borrow
materials including riverbed borrow consisting of sand, gravel, cobble, and small
boulders for the reconstruction of the lower bank zone. Elevations above the lower bank
zone will be constructed utilizing varying fill materials including both riverbed borrow
and other suitable borrow sources.
Based on the observed (and measured) condition of the failed bank and the amount of
disturbance that has occurred, the bank repair alone (without supplemental in-stream
structure reinforcement) would likely be insufficient to withstand future flood flows. The
installation of in-stream rock (boulder) structures will reduce near bank stresses along the
repair reach to protect the rebuilt banks. Additionally, our repair also calls for the
installation of toe stabilization as necessary along the reach in areas of excessive scour in
tie-in to existing stabile banks. The designer may also designate other areas requiring toe
stabilization at the time of construction.
This approach to bank repairs will improve the overall potential for the success of the
repair. The installation of structures will protect channel banks with a significantly
smaller rock volume (when compared to bank lining) thereby reducing overall repair
costs. One additional benefit to this type of repair is the replacement of a natural (less
structural) repair that is more appropriate for the reach and generally more aesthetically
desirable.
5. PROPOSED REPAIR PLAN
During our evaluation of the site, infrared imagery (2004) was used to estimate the pre-
disturbance location of the "channel bank." This location was then used to develop a
repaired bank location as shown in our Repair Plan. Typical cross-section(s) for the
repair were then developed to depict proposed repair characteristics including but not
limited to slopes and slope breaks, stabilization methods, and planting recommendations.
NOTES:
1. Our repair plan is designed to repair and stabilize the banks along the subject
reach and is not considered natural channel restoration or enhancement ivork. In
addition, while consideration was given to select characteristics of the channel, it
should be recognized that a complete morphological evaluation of the repair
reach was not performed nor does this report (or repair) represent such an
evaluation. Holvever, some methods and approaches utilized in the proposed
repairs are routinely applied in natural channel design efforts due to their ahilit.Y
to protect channel banks from shear stresses and the resultant erosion.
2. It should be noted that this "channel bank" location and the resultant "channel
width" is not to be considered the bankfull channel edge or bankfull width (as is
routinely described in Natural Channel Design Methodology), nor should it be
5
Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
considered the "edge of water" as this location will differ for various reasons. It
is however, a rough interpretation (estimate) of the pre-existing channel bank
location based on the best available pre-damage site and mapping data,
discussions with landowners, observation of undisturbed channel segments
innnediately upstream and/or downstream of the site, and experience on similar
projects.
3. Due to previous alterations of the channel including but not limited to bridge
construction, bank grading, the constniction of flood levees, and in-channel
quarry operations, channel banks, widths, and slopes have been modified
considerably. In turn, the identification of the "natural" condition (dimension,
pattern, and profile) of the channel is often difficult or indeterminate.
For comparison purposes, we attempted to confirm our "channel bank" location by
comparing the resultant "channel width" to available Regional Curve data. Based on a
review of site data (upstream and/or downstream) and our estimated "channel bank"
location, we estimated the pre-disturbance "channel width" at approximately 140.0 feet.
We compared this "channel width" to estimated bankfull width as determined from
available (preliminary) mountain Regional Curve data (SRI) for the appropriate drainage
area. The regional curve indicates a bankfull width of approximately 148.4 feet based on
a drainage area of 245.3 square miles. Based on this comparison it is our opinion that the
estimated pre-disturbance "channel location" is appropriate.

As shown on the attached repair plans and design details, we recommend that the
repaired slope be reconstructed and backfilled with excavated channel material (or
deposited material recovered from the floodplain), available on-site or off-site earth fill,
and in some cases imported stone aggregate. The location of the toe of the repaired slope
will be field determined to allow for the development of a typical repair application along
the reach. Our Repair Plan calls for the incorporation of a single repair option, Option 1.
See the proposed repair cross-sections depicted in the Repair Plan.
Repair Option 1
For Repair Option 1, our design has divided the repaired bank into three bank
zones, Upper, Mid-, and Lower for the purposes of slope, stabilization measures,
and planting recommendations. A bench (small floodplam) will be constructed
between the Lower and Mid-Bank Zones.
Grading & Stabilization
?i We recommend that the Lower Bank Zone be graded (or constructed) with the
previously described materials at a slope not in excess of 2H:1 V to the
approximate elevations described in the repair cross-section. As this zone is
within the "active channel" we recommend that it be lined with CF-7 (coir fiber)
erosion control matting (or equivalent), planted with live stake (cuttings) of the
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Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
species and density described in the planting details. This zone should be over
* seeded with the appropriate temporary and permanent grasses for the season.
Repair Option 1 will include the construction (or grading) of a bench (or small
floodplain) extending landward from the elevation break-point between the Lower
and Mid-Bank Zones (Proposed Slope Break). The width of this bench will
depend on the available area (based on landowner desires and site constraints) and
the necessary cut volume. However, a minimum bench width of 5 to 10 feet is
desired. The back of this bench should then be graded and tied to the existing top
of bank (floodplain or terrace) elevation at a slope not greater than 3HAV as
described below as the Mid-Bank Zone. The upstream and downstream ends of
the bench will be graded to blend smoothly with the existing undisturbed banks.
The Mid-Bank Zone should be similarly graded (or constructed) with the
previously described materials at a slope not in excess of 3H:1 V to the
approximate elevations described in the repair cross-section. As this zone is out
of the "active channel" we recommend that it be lined with excelsior (wood fiber)
erosion control matting (or equivalent), planted with select shrubs (bare root or
containerized specimen) of the species and density described in the planting
details. This zone should also be similarly over seeded with erosion control
grasses. Where possible, transplanting of woody vegetation from on-site,
including root mats, will be performed to assist in the stabilization of banks within
the bench, Lower, and Mid-Bank Zones.
NOTES:
1. The elevations described in the repair cross-section are typical and
intended to describe existing and repaired bank conditions at a location
i coincident with the measured field cross-section.
2. The vertical datum to which this is applied (existing top of batik) and the
r vertical and horizontal distances depicted in the repair cross-section are
typical and should be verified and adjusted as necessary along the length
of the repair reach.
3. The Proposed Slope Break depicted on the Repair Plan defines the
approximate location of the break between the Lower Bank Zone and the
streaniside edge of bench.
The Upper Bank Zone should be graded (or constructed) with the previously
described materials such that it blends the Mid-Bank Zone with the surrounding
floodplain grade to the approximate elevations described in the repair cross-
section. As this zone is out of the "active channel", we recommend that it be
lined with excelsior (wood fiber) erosion control matting (or equivalent), planted
with select tree (bare root or containerized specimen) of the species and density

Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
described in the planting details. This zone should also be similarly over seeded
with erosion control grasses.
In-channel Structures
As previously described, we recommend that the repaired channel bank be
augmented with in-channel structures including rock (boulder) vane arms. These
structures will be utilized to reinforce and stabilize the proposed bank repairs. All
structures will be constructed out of natural materials typically consisting of
locally quarried boulders. The upstream side of these structures will be lined with
a non-woven fabric and backfilled with excavated channel material and in some
cases imported stone (off-site riverbed borrow materials or other available coarse
aggregate if approved by the designer) to improve stability and reduce the
potential for piping.
These in-stream structures concentrate stream energy toward the center of the
channel and away from the near-bank areas. In doing so, the structure reduces
shear stress along the banks and prevents bank erosion. (In this case, such
structures allow for an additional measure of protection of the repaired bank until
vegetation can take hold). This approach would also likely reduce the overall
volume of stream stabilization material that must be hauled to the site and reduce
costs for the overall repair.
The attached Repair Plan generally describes the number and type of in-channel
structures to be installed. The designer will determine the exact spacing, length,
and location of the in-channel structures at the time of construction. For planning
. _ i_ _. _ -c aL_.... /')\ ..--I. 11.....1.7..«\ ....«..
Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.

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species and density described in the planting details. This zone should be over
seeded with the appropriate temporary and permanent grasses for the season.
Repair Option 1 will include the construction (or grading) of a bench (or small
floodplain) extending landward from the elevation break-point between the Lower
and Mid-Bank Zones (Proposed Slope Break). The width of this bench will
depend on the available area (based on landowner desires and site constraints) and
the necessary cut volume. However, a minimum bench width of 5 to 10 feet is
desired. The back of this bench should then be graded and tied to the existing top
of bank (floodplain or terrace) elevation at a slope not greater than 3H:1 V as
described below as the Mid-Bank Zone. The upstream and downstream ends of
the bench will be graded to blend smoothly with the existing undisturbed banks.
The Mid-Bank Zone should be similarly graded (or constructed) with the
previously described materials at a slope not in excess of 3H:1V to the
approximate elevations described in the repair cross-section. As this zone is out
of the "active channel" we recommend that it be lined with excelsior (wood fiber)
erosion control matting (or equivalent), planted with select shrubs (bare root or
containerized specimen) of the species and density described in the planting
details. This zone should also be similarly over seeded with erosion control
grasses. Where possible, transplanting of woody vegetation from on-site,
including root mats, will be performed to assist in the stabilization of banks within
the bench, Lower, and Mid-Bank Zones.
NOTES:
The elevations described in the repair cross-section are typical and
intended to describe existing and repaired bank conditions at a location
coincident with the measured field cross-section.
2. The vertical datum to which this is applied (existing top of bank) and the
vertical and horizontal distances depicted in the repair cross-section are
typical and should be verified and adjusted as necessary along the length
of the repair reach.
3. The Proposed Slope Break depicted on the Repair Plan defines the
approximate location of the break between the Lower Bank Zone and the
strean:side edge of bench.
The Upper Bank Zone should be graded (or constructed) with the previously
described materials such that it blends the Mid-Bank Zone with the surrounding
floodplain grade to the approximate elevations described in the repair cross-
section. As this zone is out of the "active channel", we recommend that it be
lined with excelsior (wood fiber) erosion control matting (or equivalent), planted
with select tree (bare root or containerized specimen) of the species and density

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Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
described in the planting details. This zone should also be similarly over seeded
with erosion control grasses.
In-channel Structures
As previously described, we recommend that the repaired channel bank be
augmented with in-channel structures including rock (boulder) vane arms. These
structures will be utilized to reinforce and stabilize the proposed bank repairs. All
structures will be constructed out of natural materials typically consisting of
locally quarried boulders. The upstream side of these structures will be lined with
a non-woven fabric and backfilled with excavated channel material and in some
cases imported stone (off-site riverbed borrow materials or other available coarse
aggregate if approved by the designer) to improve stability and reduce the
potential for piping.
These in-stream structures concentrate stream energy toward the center of the
channel and away from the near-bank areas. In doing so, the structure reduces
shear stress along the banks and prevents bank erosion. (In this case, such
structures allow for an additional measure of protection of the repaired bank until
vegetation can take hold). This approach would also likely reduce the overall
volume of stream stabilization material that must be hauled to the site and reduce
costs for the overall repair.
The attached Repair Plan generally describes the number and type of in-channel
structures to be installed. The designer will determine the exact spacing, length,
and location of the in-channel structures at the time of construction. For planning
purposes, we estimate that a minimum of three (3) rock (boulder) vane arm
structures will be installed along the repair reach. A detail of a rock vane arm
structure is shown in the Construction Drawings.
Toe Stabilization Measures
Depending on conditions encountered during construction, occasions may arise
where supplemental stabilization of the bank toe is necessary. Where such
conditions are encountered, banks would be reconstructed using rows of large
boulders along the newly defined toe of the repaired bank. Footer rocks
(boulders) and toe rocks (boulders) will be installed as shown in the details. In
these cases, the landward side of these structures will be lined with a non-woven
geotextile fabric and backfilled with suitable material (off-site riverbed borrow
materials or other available coarse aggregate if approved by the designer). This
material combination in conjunction with a more suitable slope (likely not in
excess of 2H:1 V) will improve stability and reduce the potential for future scour
and piping (and resulting failure).
The designer will determine the exact location and extent of toe stabilization
measures at the time of construction. However, areas typically in need of such
8

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Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
supplemental protection include areas of existing scour (where sub-grade
reconstruction would be difficult), near existing large diameter trees (having
experienced undercutting) which are to be maintained, and at the upstream and
downstream repair limits (where tie-in to undisturbed banks is needed). For
planning purposes, we have estimated that 40 to 50 percent of the repair reach
will require toe stabilization measures. A detail of a typical toe stabilization
structure is shown in the Construction Drawings.
Bank Plantings
A riparian buffer area will be established along the repaired channel bank as part
of the proposed Repair Plan. The riparian zone will include all three Bank Zones
(Lower, Mid-, and Upper) and any constructed bench. These areas will be seeded
and planted with the appropriate native riparian vegetation and will provide
channel stability and treatment of surface waters traveling laterally through the
buffer.
S Species will consist primarily of native trees and shrubs. The repaired bank will
be planted with the appropriate channel bank species in the form of live stakes,
bare-root seedlings (and containerized plants), and transplants where available.
Native trees and shrubs that are available elsewhere on site will be removed with
as much of the root ball intact and transplanted adjacent to the restored channel or
in the floodplain. The majority of the planting efforts (with the exception of site
transplants), should be delayed until the fall season to increase survivability.
Vegetation will be supplied by locally identified plant sources or purchased from
local, reputable nurseries. Other sources, outside of the local area, may be used
depending on the availability of plant material and as approved by the designer.
Tree species individuals will be planted randomly at an 8 ft. by 8 ft. spacing in
order to ensure a desired planting density of 680 stems per acre. This will
increase the potential for the desired 5-year survivability density of at least 260
stems per acre. The planting plan will include a minimum of five of the nine tree
species listed in the planting schedule. Plants shall be installed as shown in the
planting details. Tree protection shelters shall be installed on all planted bare-root
seedlings.
Shrub species will be planted at a higher density and closer spacing (6 ft. by 6 ft.) to
achieve a desired planting density of approximately 1,200 shrubs per acre, here
again improving the potential for the desired 5-year survivability. The planting plan
will include a minimum of three of the seven shrubs listed in the planting schedule.
Live stakes are specified and will be planted on a spacing of 3 ft. by 3ft.
consisting of Black Willow, Silky Willow, and Silky Dogwood species randomly
intermixed. Live stakes will be cut and installed as shown in the planting details.
a

Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
A representative of S&EC will be on site to observe and direct planting efforts
associated with the buffer restoration. Substitution of tree, shrub, and live stake
species must be approved in advance by the designer.
Temporary and/or permanent seeding measures (German millet, rye grass, or the
most appropriate erosion control grass as dictated by the season or region) will be
applied to areas disturbed during grading operations to allow for localized
stabilization while riparian species establish themselves.
Construction Drawings for the proposed Stream Repair and Bank Stabilization Plan
including the existing site conditions, the proposed repairs, a construction sequence,
repair cross-sections, structure details, erosion and sediment control details, and a
planting schedule and details are attached. Technical Specifications are also attached.
6. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION (Mandatory Requirement based on expected
Certification conditions) - The following mandatory conditions apply to all repair sites:
1. Erosion & Sediment Control Practices
a. The erosion and sediment control measures for the project must be
designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the
most recent version of the North Carolina Sediment and Erosion
Control Planning and Design Manual.

b. The design, installation, operation, and maintenance of the sediment
and erosion control measures must be such that they equal, or exceed,
the requirements specified in the most recent version of the North
Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control Manual. The devices shall be
maintained on all construction sites, borrow sites, and waste pile
(spoil) projects, including contractor-owned or leased borrow pits
associated with the project.
c. For borrow pit sites, the erosion and sediment control measures must
be designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with
1 the most recent version of the North Carolina Surface Mining
Manual
.
d. The reclamation measures and implementation must comply with the
reclamation in accordance with the requirements of the Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act.
2. No Waste, Spoil, Solids, or Fill of Any Kind - No waste, spoil, solids, or fill of
any kind shall occur in wetlands, waters, or riparian areas beyond the footprint
of the impacts depicted in the Pre-Construction Notification. All construction
10
Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
activities, including the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of
sediment and erosion control Best Management Practices, shall be performed so
that no violations of state water quality standards, statutes, or rules occur.
3. No Sediment & Erosion Control Measures w/n Wetlands or Waters -
Sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or
waters to the maximum extent practicable. If placement of sediment and
erosion control devices in wetlands and waters is unavoidable, they shall be
removed and the natural grade restored within six months of the date that the
Division of Land Resources has released the project.

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4. Certificate of Completion - Upon completion of all work approved within the
401 Water Quality Certification or applicable Buffer Rules, and any
subsequent modifications, the applicant is required to return the attached
certificate of completion to the 401/Wetlands Unit, North Carolina Division of
Water Quality, 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1650.
5. Sediment and erosion control measures must be implemented prior to
construction and maintained on the sites to minimize sediment in downstream
areas. Seeding for a temporary cover of wheat, millet, or similar annual grain
or permanent herbaceous cover should occur on all bare soil within five (5)
days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control. The
projects should be accomplished in stages instead of leaving large tracts
exposed to further storm events. Erosion control matting should be used in
conjunction with appropriate seeding on disturbed soils in steep slope and
riparian areas, unless authorized under Division of Land Resources Erosion
and Sediment Control approval. Matting should be secured in place with
staples, stakes, or, wherever possible, live stakes of native trees. Straw mulch
and tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas.
6. Only clean, large, angular rock, large woody material, or other natural stream
design materials and techniques should be used for bank stabilization. Rock
should not be placed in the stream channel in a manner that constricts stream
flow or that will impede aquatic life movements during low flow conditions.
Filter cloth should be placed behind large rock that is used for bank
stabilization. Properly designed rock vanes should be constructed wherever
appropriate on bank stabilization and channel realignment stream reaches to
improve channel stability and to improve aquatic habitat. Root wads should be
installed low enough in the bank so that a significant portion (at least one-
third) the root wad is inundated during normal flows.
7. The channel must be restored to a more stable condition. However, under no
circumstances should river rock, sand or other materials be dredged from the
stream channel under authorization of this permit except, if necessary, in the
immediate vicinity of the eroding banks for the explicit purpose of anchoring
stabilizing or flow/grade control structures or for reestablishing the natural
and more stable stream channel dimensions. Streambed materials are unstable
in flowing-water situations and are unsuitable for bank stabilization. Stream
dredging has catastrophic effects on aquatic life and disturbance of the natural
form of the stream channel can cause downstream erosion problems. The
11
Crabtree -Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
natural dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream upstream and
downstream of the permitted area should not be modified by widening the
stream channel or changing its depth.
8. Stabilization measures should only be applied on or near existing erosion
sites, leaving other stable stream bank areas in a natural condition. Grading
and backfilling should be minimized and tree and shrub growth should be
retained where possible to ensure long-term availability of stream bank cover
for aquatic life and wildlife. Backfill materials should be obtained from
upland sites except in cases where excess streambed materials are available.
Berms are not permitted because they block the floodplain, constrict and
accelerate flood flows, and often fail or impede drainage during large flood
events.
9. Repairs to eroded banks should be conducted in a dry work area where
possible. Sandbags or other clean diversion structures should be used where
possible to minimize excavation in flowing water. Channel realignments
should be constructed by excavating the new channel from downstream to
upstream before connecting it to the old channel.
10. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank whenever possible. All
mechanized equipment operated near surface waters should be inspected and
maintained regularly to prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels,
lubricants, hydraulic fluids or other toxic materials. Equipment used in stream
channel must be clean, new or low-hour equipment.
11. As long-term stream stability is a concern with this type of work, it is strongly
recommended that woody vegetation be established along stream banks where
possible. Any riparian vegetation planting should be performed in accordance
with the Guidelines for Riparian Buffer Restoration.
.....---___ _. _.? ...,...../......../_Af`/1-fV " _11rN
12. Monitoring - The Permittee shall examine the stabilization work done under
this Certification on an annual basis for three (3) years following the
completion of the restoration efforts. This field evaluation should note the
condition and stability of the measures installed and how well the repair is
holding up. A written report must be provided to DWQ's Asheville Regional
Office by June 151 of each year. The report must describe inspection results,
include digital photographs, list the date of inspection, and describe any
needed repairs or corrections.
13. The Permittee will provide on-site supervision of stability work including, but
not limited to bank re-sloping, in-stream structure placement, and riparian
zone re-establishment by an appropriately trained individual.
14. If pasture along the stream is to be used for grazing, the Permittee must
inform the appropriate landowners that cattle should be prohibited from
damaging riparian areas and from de-stabilizing the stream banks and channel.
15. Diffuse Flow - All constructed storm water conveyance outlets shall be
directed and maintained as diffuse flow at non-erosive velocities through the
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Crabtree - Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization Plan July 2005
Haywood County Invitation # HC-103 McGill Associates, P.A.
protected riparian zones such that it will not re-concentrate before discharging
into a stream.
16. Water Quality Certification Notifications - The Permittee must provide a copy
of this issued Water Quality Certification and attached cover letter to each
property owner where the approved work will be performed.
17. Turbidity Standard - The turbidity standard (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
shall not be exceeded as described in 15A NCAC 2B .0200. Appropriate
sediment and erosion control practices must be used to meet this standard.
Finally, pending receipt of a final 404 Permit and 401 Certification, copies of these issued
documents and the associated conditions and comments provided by commenting
agencies (when available) will be included in all final contractor packages that will be
used for construction of the repairs. All regulatory requirements and the measures
outlined in this document will be fully discussed with the chosen contractor and the
inspectors for McGill and S&EC before any construction begins. During actual
L construction, inspectors will direct contractors to observe and apply good construction
practices and the requirements described in this document.

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CROSS-SECTIONS

Site # 9 Cross Section #
Site Name CRABTREE SITE
Date Collected 4/27/2005
Stream Pigeon River (below confluence)
Assumed ground elevation = 100.00 feet (relative)
Dist. STA. BS HI FS Elevation Remarks
3.19 103.19
0 0+00 1.65 101.54
12 0+12 2.36 100.83
23 0+23 3.05 100.14
27 0+27 3.07 100.12
31 0+31 3.40 99.79
34 0+34 3.43 99.76
37 0+37 3.93 99.26 TOB - right
38 0+38 6.94 96.25
40 0+40 8.85 94.34
42 0+42 9.96 93.23
42 0+42 11.80 91.39
45 0+45 13.73 89.46 Toe Slope - right
46 0+46 14.24 88.95 EOW - right
50 0+50 15.41 87.78
54 0+54 15.70 87.49
58 0+58 15.53 87.66
62 0+62 15.45 87.74
66 0+66 15.52 87.67
70 0+70 15.75 87.44
80 0+80 16.45 86.74
1
Typical Cross-section
Site #9 - Crabtree Site
.
- Existing Edge of
LOOKING Water - Water
DOWNSTREAM Surface (Approx.)
105.00
100.00
95.00
C
0
90.00
Lu
85.00
80.00
0+80 0+70 0+60 0+50 0+40 0+30 0+20 0+10 0+00
Station (ft.)
Site # 9 Cross Section #
Site Name CRABTREE SITE
Date Collected 4/27/2005
Stream Pigeon River (below confluence)
Assumed ground elevation = 100.00 feet (relative)
Dist. STA. BS HI FS Elevation Remarks
3.19 103.19
0 0+00 1.65 101.54
12 0+12 2.36 100.83
23 0+23 3.05 100.14
27 0+27 3.07 100.12
31 0+31 3.40 99.79
34 0+34 3.43 99.76
37 0+37 3.93 99.26 TOB - right
38 0+38 6.94 96.25
40 0+40 8.85 94.34
42 0+42 9.96 93.23
42 0+42 11.80 91.39
45 0+45 13.73 89.46 Toe Slope - right
46 0+46 14.24 88.95 EOW - right
50 0+50 15.41 87.78
54 0+54 15.70 87.49
58 0+58 15.53 87.66
62 0+62 15.45 87.74
66 0+66 15.52 87.67
70 0+70 15.75 87.44
80 0+80 16.45 86.74
1
Typical Cross-section
Site #9 - Crabtree Site
i
LOOKING
DOWNSTREAM
I I
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Existing Edge of
Water - Water
Surface (Approx.)
105.00
100.00
95.00
C
0
A
90.00 m
W
85.00
80 00
0+80 0+70 0+60 0+50 0+40 0+30 0+20 0+10 0+00
Station (ft.)

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
STREAM REPAIRS & BANK
STABILIZATION PROJECTS

JULY, 2005
Prepared for:
Haywood County, NC
III
SEAL Q
s 24993
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.4 FILL MATERIALS
6.5 PREPARATION
6.6 BACKFILLING, FILLING, AND SURFACE
PREPARATION
6.7 COMPACTION AND QUALITY CONTROL
6.8 PROTECTION OF FINISHED WORK
6.9 TOLERANCES
SECTION 7 - CHANNEL PROTECTIVE LININGS AND IN-
STREAM STRUCTURES
7.1 SECTION INCLUDES
7.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
7.3 REFERENCES
7.4 GENERAL
7.5 MATERIALS
7.6 IN-STREAM STRUCTURES & TOE
STABILIZATION
7.7 CHANNEL PROTECTIVE LININGS
7.8 SLOPE PROTECTION
SECTION 8 - STREAM BANK PLANTING
8.1 SECTION INCLUDES
8.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
8.3 REFERENCES
8.4 GENERAL
8.5 LIVE STAKES
8.6 PLANT SUBSTITUTION
8.7 PLANTING PREPARATION
8.8 STREAM BANK PLANTING
8.9 PLANTING PERIODS
8.10 REMOVAL OF NUISANCE VEGETATION
8.11 WATER FOR PLANTINGS
8.12 SUBMITTALS
SECTION 9 - BUFFER PLANTING
9.1 SECTION INCLUDES
9.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
9.3 REFERENCES
9.4 GENERAL
9.5 CONTAINER GROWN PLANTS
9.6 BARE ROOT PLANTS
9.7 PLANT SUBSTITUTION
9.8 PLANTING PREPARATION
9.9 PLANTING PERIODS
9.10 REMOVAL OF NUISANCE VEGETATION
9.11 WATER FOR PLANTINGS
9.12 SUBMITTALS
SECTION 10 -PERMANENT SEEDING
10.1 SECTION INCLUDES
10.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
10.3 REFERENCES
10.4 GENERAL
10.5 SEEDBED PREPARATION
10.6 SEEDING
10.7 SEEDING DATES
6
6
6
6
7
7
1.1 SECTION INCLUDES 1
1.2 SUMMARY OF WORK 1
1.3 WORKFORCE EXPERIENCE 1
1.4 SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 1
1.5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 1
SECTION 2 - TEMPORARY FACILITIES 1
2.1 SECTION INCLUDES 1
2.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 1
2.3 TEMPORARY SANITARY FACILITIES 1
2.4 BARRIERS 1
2.5 TRAFFIC CONTROL 1
2.6 STAGING AREA 1
2.7 COORDINATION WITH OWNER AND OTHER
CONTRACTORS 2
2.8 PROTECTION OF EXISTING FACILITIES,
STRUCTURES, AND SERVICES 2
2.9 PROTECTION OF INSTALLED WORK 2
2.10 PROGRESS CLEANING & WASTE REMOVAL 2
2.11 EROSION CONTROL 2
2.12 FINAL CLEANING 2
SECTION 3 - QUALITY CONTROL 3
3.1 SECTION INCLUDES 3
3.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 3
3.3 REFERENCES 3
3.4 CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION 3
3.5 PLANTING OBSERVATION 3
SECTION 4 - SITE PREPARATION 4
4.1 SECTION INCLUDES 4
4.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 4
4.3 UTILITY LOCATION AND PROTECTION 4
4.4 SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION CONTROL 4
4.5 CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT 4
4.6 CLEARING, GRUBBING, AND STRIPPING 4
4.7 DEWATERING 4
SECTION 5 - EXCAVATION 5
5.1 SECTION INCLUDES 5
5.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 5
5.3 REFERENCES 5
5.4 PREPARATION 5
5.5 EXCAVATING 5
5.6 PLANTING PREPARATION 5
5.7 TOLERANCES 5
SECTION 6 - FILLING, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION 6
6.1 SECTION INCLUDES 6
6.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 6
6.3 REFERENCES 6
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7
7
7
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
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10 SOIL AMENDMENTS
13
11.5
SILT FENCE
14
.
10.9 MULCH 13 11.6 TEMPORARY SEEDING 14
SECTION 11 - SEDIMENT & EROSION CONTROL 14 SECTION 12 - SITE MAINTENANCE 15
1
11 SECTION INCLUDES 14 12.1 SECTION INCLUDES 15
.
11.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 14
14 12.2
12
3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
EXECUTION 15
15
11.3 REFERENCES .
11.4 MATERIALS 14

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SECTION 1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 SECTION INCLUDES
General requirements and information related to the work including,
summary of work, measurement and payment, and reference to
SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS.
1.2 SUMMARY OF WORK
The Haywood County Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization project
consists of the earthwork construction of repaired and stabilized
channel banks, in-channel structure installation, toe stabilization,
and/or planting of the repaired channel banks and surrounding buffer
area. Refer to the Construction Drawings and to these Specifications
for project details.
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1.3 WORKFORCE EXPERIENCE
The Contractor is required to have the appropriately experienced
personnel on site to operate equipment and insure that the construction
sequence and installation procedures are followed as determined by the
Engineer. Contractor personnel should be familiar with stream repair
and bank stabilization techniques and the correct method of installing
in-stream structures (i.e. rock cross vanes).
1.4 SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor is required to have at a minimum two excavators with
hydraulic thumbs during the entire course of construction unless
otherwise approved by the Engineer. The hydraulic excavators must be
of sufficient size to lift, manipulate, and install boulders larger than 5-
foot by 4-foot by 3-foot (a maximum of 6 tons).
1.5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
All measurement and payment for services performed shall be as
indicated in the SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS. As such, they
are not defined in these technical Specifications.
END OF SECTION
SECTION 2 - TEMPORARY FACILITIES
2.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Required temporary facilities including site access, temporary sanitary
facilities, barriers, traffic control, construction staging area, Contractor
coordination, protection of existing facilities and installed work,
erosion control measures, and general site cleaning.
2.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
2.3 TEMPORARY SANITARY FACILITIES
Provide and maintain required sanitary facilities and enclosures. No
permanent sanitary facilities exist at the project site.
2.4 BARRIERS
Provide barriers to prevent unauthorized entry to construction areas, to
allow for Owner and Engineer access to site, and to protect existing
structures and adjacent properties from damage due to construction
operations.
2.5 TRAFFIC CONTROL
Provide traffic control as required to protect the public safety.
Conform to all requirements of State, County, City, or local laws and
requirements for traffic control. Conformance with Contract
Documents does not relieve the Contractor from responsibility for
public safety. Construction operations may be underway on adjoining
portions of the site.
2.6 STAGING AREA
The Owner will designate an area for staging of Contractor's
equipment and construction materials for the duration of construction.
This area shall be maintained so as to provide a sightly appearance and
a safe working environment. No other area shall be used for this
purpose without the approval of the Owner.
Storage of oil or fuel shall be confined to the construction staging area.
Refueling of all vehicles and equipment shall occur only in the staging
area. Refueling of non-mobile equipment located outside of the staging
area will be allowed with Owner approval. No refueling shall occur
within fifty feet of the channel or any other surface water or wetland.
The Contractor shall take appropriate measures to ensure safe fueling
procedures are followed.
Contractor shall provide appropriate spill prevention measures. The
Contractor shall provide a spill containment plan for both the staging
area and the construction area. The plan shall include prevention,
containment, and control of fuel or oil spillage from equipment storage,
refueling, maintenance, and operation on site. The plan shall address
both mobile and non-mobile equipment used during construction.
Emergency spill cleanup equipment for oil and fuel spills shall be
stored on site. The Contractor shall notify the Owner and all applicable
agencies within 24 hours of any spill.

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Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization
Haywood County Stream Repairs
Page 1
Technical Specifications
July 2005

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2.7 COORDINATION WITH OWNER AND OTHER
CONTRACTORS
Perform coordination with Owner and schedule work to ensure limited
disruption of daily operations. Obtain approval from Owner prior to
the disruption of any access to site utilities, structures, or locations.
Coordinate the disruption of any utility services without regard to
duration. Provide continuous representation/point of contact for
Owner during all site activities. Access to construction site shall be
limited to the entrance designated on the plans. Only access points
approved by the Owner shall be used during construction.
2.8 PROTECTION OF EXISTING FACILITIES, STRUCTURES,
AND SERVICES
The project vicinity, including existing access routes, will continue to
be used for daily operations by Owner and other contractors throughout
the duration of the construction. The Contractor shall protect existing
facilities, structures, and services throughout the duration of
construction and provide special protection where specified in
individual specification sections. Provide temporary and removable
protection for existing structures and services.
Control activity in immediate vicinity of facilities, structures, and
services to prevent damage. Any facility, structure, or services
disturbed or damaged, either intentionally or unintentionally, shall be
removed and reinstalled or repaired to the Owner's satisfaction.
Repairs to or replacement of facilities, structures, or services shall be
performed at the expense of the Contractor. Repairs and/or
replacement shall occur without additional cost to the Owner.
2.9 PROTECTION OF INSTALLED WORK
Protect installed work and provide special protection where specified in
individual specification sections. Provide temporary and removable
protection for installed work and products. Control activity in
immediate work area to prevent damage. Any installed work disturbed
or damaged, shall be removed and reinstalled or repaired to the
Engineer's satisfaction. Repairs to or replacement of installed work
shall be performed at the expense of the Contractor. Repairs and
replacement shall occur without additional cost to the Owner.
2.10 PROGRESS CLEANING AND WASTE REMOVAL
Maintain areas free of waste materials, debris, and rubbish. Maintain
site in a clean and orderly condition. Collect and remove waste
materials, debris, and rubbish from site daily and dispose off site.
Remove temporary utilities, equipment, facilities, and materials prior to
Final Application for Payment inspection. Restore existing facilities
used during construction to original condition.
2.11 EROSION CONTROL
Contractor shall be responsible for preventing erosion on the site and
sedimentation off the site. Methods shall be employed as
recommended in the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control
Planning and Design Afanual, latest edition.
Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization
Haywood County Stream Repairs
Page 2
2.12 FINAL CLEANING
Execute final cleaning prior to final project assessment. Clean site and
all installed work. Remove waste and surplus construction materials,
rubbish, and construction facilities from the site.
END OF SECTION
Technical Specifications
July 2005
I SECTION 3 - QUALITY CONTROL Section 9 (Wetland and Buffer Planting) of these Specifications.
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3.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Observation of construction operations and buffer and stream bank
planting.
3.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS. Unless indicated
otherwise, the Owner will arrange and pay for initial planting
observation for quality assurance. Re-observation testing required
because of non-conformance to plans or Specifications shall be charged
against any money owed to Contractor. Contractor is encouraged to
perform quality control checks and testing at Contractor's expense to
reduce the possibility of rejected work.
3.3 REFERENCES
For products or workmanship specified by association, trade, or other
consensus, comply with requirements of the standard, except when
more rigid requirements are specified or are required by applicable
codes.
Conform to reference standard by date of issue on date of Contract
Documents, except where a specific date is established by code.
Section 6 (Filling, Backfilling, and Compaction) of these
Specifications.
Section 8 (Stream Bank Planting) of these Specifications.
Stream Repairs & Bank Stabilization
Haywood County Stream Repairs
Page 3
3.4 CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION
The Owner has engaged the Engineer to observe construction
operations as required in these Specifications. Reports (either verbal or
written) shall be submitted concurrently to the Owner and Contractor,
indicating observations and indicating compliance or non-compliance
with Contract Documents.
Observation of construction operations does not relieve Contractor of
obligation to perform work to contract requirements. The Contractor
shall allow observation personnel access to materials and the
construction site as required.
3.5 PLANTING OBSERVATION
The Owner has engaged the Engineer to observe stream bank and
buffer planting as required in these Specifications. Reports will be
submitted concurrently to the Owner and Contractor, indicating
observations and indicating compliance or non-compliance with
Contract Documents.
Observation of planting operations does not relieve Contractor of
obligation to perform work to contract requirements. The Contractor
shall allow observation personnel access to materials (see stream bank
plantings specified in Section 8) and the construction site as required.
END OF SECTION
Technical Specifications
July 2005

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SECTION 4 - SITE PREPARATION
4.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Site preparation shall consist of utility location and protection, clearing,
grubbing and stripping of the work area, and construction of any
required temporary construction access routes and temporary sediment
and erosion control measures.
4.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
4.3 UTILITY LOCATION AND PROTECTION
The Contractor shall locate all existing utilities and mark them for
identification. Contractor shall provide means for protecting utilities
from any damage during site work. Repair of damaged utilities shall be
at the Contractor's expense. Coordination should be made with Owner
to locate and mark site specific utilities. NC ONE CALL (1-500-632-
4949)
4.4 SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION CONTROL
Contractor shall be responsible for preventing erosion on the site and
sedimentation off the site. Methods shall be employed as
recommended in the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control
Planning and Design Afanual, latest edition.
The Contractor shall control sedimentation runoff with methods
approved by the Engineer during the course of construction of this
Project. Depending on the magnitude of the clearing and grubbing
associated with the project, an Erosion Control Plan may required
Temporary erosion and sediment control measures shall be installed as
described in Section I 1 (Sediment & Erosion Control). The Contractor
shall conform to all the rules, regulations, laws, and ordinances of the
State of North Carolina, and of all other authorities having jurisdiction.
4.5 CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT
The construction layout may include, but will not necessarily be limited
to, channel disturbance limits, earthwork limits, and appropriate
grading values. The Contractor is responsible for the construction
surveying and layout. The Contractor is required to have a laser level
or other equivalent equipment available on site during the entire period
of construction.
4.6 CLEARING, GRUBBING, AND STRIPPING
Conform to applicable codes for environmental requirements, disposal
of debris, and erosion and sedimentation control as described above.
Coordinate clearing work with utility owners and operators as
described above. Establish a schedule for daily removal of debris from
the site. Debris may not be stockpiled on site. Clear areas required for
access to site and execution of work. Remove trees, stumps, other
wood, metal, or rubble debris within work areas.
Remove stumps, main root ball, and all roots with a diameter greater
than 2 inches. Leave area in a clean and neat condition. Grade site
surface daily to control the direction of channelized flow and prevent
free standing surface water.
In areas where bank repairs will be implemented, the existing top six
inches of soil should be removed and stockpiled prior to excavation,
construction, or reconstruction efforts.
4.7 DEWATERING
Comply with all rules, regulations, laws, and ordinances of the State of
North Carolina, and of all other authorities having jurisdiction.
Provide, without additional cost to the Owner, all labor, materials,
equipment, and services necessary to make the work comply with such
requirements. Install all barriers, erosion and sedimentation control
devices, silt fences, and other measures as required to prevent off site
sedimentation.
Grade and ditch the site as necessary to direct surface runoff away from
open excavations and subgrade surfaces. All water drained from the
Work shall be disposed of in a manner that will not result in undue
interference with other work or damage adjacent properties, other
surfaces, structures, and utilities. All water due to the dewatering
operation shall be legally disposed of in accordance with all applicable
State and federal regulations and other applicable regulations.
Under no circumstances shall fill be placed in excavations containing
standing water without approval of the Engineer.
END OF SECTION
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 4 Teclmical Specifications
Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005
I SECTION 5 - EXCAVATION
5.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Provide all necessary equipment and labor to excavate for channel
restoration without damage or interruption of utility service.
5.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
5.3 REFERENCES
Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Construction
Standards for Excavations, 29 CFR Part 1926.650-.652.
When the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
5.4 PREPARATION
Locate, identify, and protect utilities from damage as described in
Section 4.3. Notify utility companies and coordinate for and/or install
protection of utilities.
5.5 EXCAVATING
Protect all utilities and structures that may be damaged by excavating
work.
In areas where stream and floodplain grading will be implemented, the
existing top six inches of soil should be removed and stored prior to
construction or reconstruction efforts.
Perform Work in accordance with Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) - Construction Standards for Excavations, 29
CFR Part 1926.650-.652. Provide trench and excavation protection as
required. Slope banks with machine to stable slope or flatter until
shored. Grade top perimeter of excavation to prevent surface water
from draining into excavation. Where required to protect utilities,
perform excavation by hand.
Remove subsoil, boulders, and rock as directed by the Engineer.
Notify Engineer if subsurface conditions require excavation of larger
subsoil, boulders, and rock, and discontinue Work. Engineer may
direct adjustment in construction elevations. Adjustment of elevations
shall not be a basis for additional payment.
Correct areas over excavated in accordance with Section 6 (Filling,
Backfilling, and Compaction) and as shown in the Construction
Drawings. Stockpile select excavated material on-site for re-use in
backfill. Stockpile location shall be subject to Owner approval.
5.6 PLANTING PREPARATION
In areas where buffer planting will be implemented, the stockpiled
topsoil and/or off-site topsoil (as required), should be distributed in
preparation for restoration planting operations as described in
SECTION 7 (Channel Protective Linings and In-stream Structures) of
these Specifications. The Contractor is ultimately responsible for
establishing a suitable planting medium with a minimum depth of six
(6) inches.
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 5
Haywood County Stream Rcpairs
All areas where topsoil is distributed shall be disked or harrowed to
ensure soil aeration and to increase the surface roughness prior to
planting.
5.7 TOLERANCES
Top surface of channel protective lining (where applicable): Plus or
minus one inch from required elevations.
Top surface of fill, backfill, and topsoil: Plus or minus one inch from
required elevations.
END OF SECTION
Technical Specifications
July 2005
SECTION 6 -FILLING, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION 6.6 BACKFILLING, FILLING, AND SURFACE PREPARATION

6.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Provide all necessary equipment and labor to perform filling,
backfilling, and compaction necessary for construction of repaired
channel banks, and other site work as shown on the Drawings without
damage or interruption of utility service.
Backfill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen materials. Do
not backfill over porous, frozen, or spongy subgrade surfaces. Employ
a placement method that does not disturb or damage other work.
Make gradual grade changes. Blend slope into level areas. Place
backfill and fill in loose level lifts not to exceed six inches in thickness
before compaction. Make gradual grade changes. Blend slope into
level areas.
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Replacement of removed topsoil shall be as described in SECTION 5.6
(Planting Preparation) of these Specifications.
6.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
6.3 REFERENCES
ASTM D698 - Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils
and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures, Using 5.5 lb. Rammer and 12-inch Drop.
ASTM DI 556 - Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
Sand-Cone Method.
ASTM D2922 - Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate
in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
ASTM D3017 - Test Methods for Water Content of Soil and Rock in
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
ASTM D2487 - Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes.
When the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
6.4 FILL MATERIALS
Soil excavated during construction and stockpiled may be re-used as
fill provided that it can be conditioned and compacted as specified.
Supplement or replace excavated soils with channel bed material or
ordinary fill as shown on the Drawings and as needed to complete
work. Fill for Lower-Bank Zone shall consist of channel bed material
from an approved borrow source. Ordinary fill for Mid-Bank and
Upper-Bank Zones shall be any soil classified as SM, SC, SP-SM, SP-
SC, SC-SM, SP, or SW under ASTM D2487 unless otherwise directed
by the Engineer.
If soil excavated during cut operations is not re-used, it shall be
removed from the site to an appropriate disposal facility at no
additional charge to Owner. The Contractor shall be responsible for
the payment of all fees associated with transportation and disposal of
unusable materials.
Suitable borrow material may be available within the vicinity of the
project site but must be identified by the Contractor and approved by
the Engineer.
6.5 PREPARATION
Compact subgrade to density requirements for subsequent backfill
materials. Cut out soft areas of subgrade not capable of compaction in
place. Backfill with ordinary fill material and compact to density equal
to or greater than requirements for subsequent fill material.
Earth fill in repaired channel banks and other structures shall be placed
so as to meet the following additional requirements:
a. The distribution of materials throughout each zone shall be
essentially uniform and the fill shall be free from lenses, pockets,
streaks, or layers of material differing substantially in texture or
gradation from the surrounding materials.
b. Backfill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen materials.
Do not backfill over porous, frozen, or spongy subgrade surfaces.
Employ a placement method that does not disturb or damage other
work. Place backfill and fill in loose level lifts not to exceed six
inches in thickness before compaction. Make gradual grade
changes. Blend slope into level areas.
C. If the surface of any layer becomes too hard and smooth for proper
bond with the succeeding layer, it shall be scarified parallel to the
axis of the fill to a depth of not less than 2 inches before the next
layer is placed.
d. The top surfaces of embankments shall be maintained
approximately level during construction, except that a crown or
cross-slope of not less than 2% shall be maintained to insure
effective drainage, and except as otherwise specified for drain fill
zones.
e. Repaired channel banks shall be constructed so that the slope of
the bonding surfaces between embankment in place and
embankment to be placed is not steeper than 2 feet horizontal to 1
foot vertical, unless otherwise specified on the Contract Drawings.
New embankment material shall be benched into existing slope as
shown on the plans. Short bench levels shall be formed to a slope
of 2H:1 V or flatter, based on existing slope conditions as
determined by the Engineer at the time of construction, unless
otherwise specified on the Contract Drawings. Benching shall be
constructed in such a fashion as to inhibit the formation of
preferential planes of slope failure. The bonding surface of the
embankment in place shall be stripped of all loose material, and
shall be scarified, moistened and recompacted when the new fill is
placed against it as needed to insure a good bond with the new fill
and to obtain the specified moisture content and density in the
junction of the in-place and new fill. Any variation to this method
of tying new fill into the existing filled bank shall be determined
in the field at time of construction by the Engineer.
6.7 COMPACTION AND QUALITY CONTROL
For backf ill operations, compaction shall be performed using tracked
equipment as directed by the Engineer. Compaction greater than that
provided by tracked equipment may be deemed necessary by the
Engineer based on site or soil conditions. Provide compaction as
directed by the Engineer. Lift thickness shall not exceed 6".
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6.8 PROTECTION OF FINISHED WORK
Protect finished work. Reshape and re-compact fills subjected to
vehicular traffic or damaged by erosion.
6.9 TOLERANCES
Top surface of channel protection lining (where applicable): Plus or
minus one inch from required elevations.
Top surface of fill, backfill, and topsoil: Plus or minus one inch from
required elevations.
Top surface of floodplain (where applicable): Plus or minus one inch
from required elevations.
END OF SECTION
SECTION 7 - CHANNEL PROTECTIVE LININGS AND IN-
STREAM STRUCTURES
7.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Temporary and permanent channel erosion protective linings and in-
stream rock and log structures.
7.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
7.3 REFERENCES
The following specifications and methods form a part of this
Specification:
ASTM C88 - Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by
Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
ASTM C127 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and
Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
NCDOT - Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.
When the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
7.4 GENERAL
A Channel Protective Lining has been selected along channel banks.
In-stream Structures will be installed to provide additional bank
protection where shown on the Drawings. Materials to be used in
Channel Protective Linings and the In-Stream Structures are specified
in this section.
Channel erosion protection linings shall be constructed of the materials
specified in this section and as shown on the Drawings. Linings shall
be laid true to the grade shown on the Drawings. Linings shall make a
smooth interface with the surrounding grade. Any portion of the lining
which has its grade or surface disturbed after placement shall be
repaired. Any portion thereof already in place which is found to be
defective or damaged shall be repaired or replaced, as directed by the
Engineer, without additional cost to the Owner.
The in-stream structures shall be constructed of the materials specified
in this section and as shown on the Drawings. Any portion of the
structure which is disturbed after placement shall be repaired. Any
portion of the structure found to be defective or damaged shall the
repaired or replaced, and directed by the Engineer, without additional
cost to the Owner.
7.5 MATERIALS
Materials include excelsior and coir fiber matting manufactured
especially for erosion control, Eco-Stakes, wire staples, nonwoven
geotextile, boulders, channel bed material, NCDOT Coarse Aggregate
Size #57, NCDOT Class A Erosion Control Stone, NCDOT Class B
Erosion Control Stone, NCDOT Class I Rip Rap (RipRap), and
NCDOT Class 2 Rip Rap (RipRap).
Matting for erosion control in areas other than stream banks with mild
slopes shall be excelsior matting. Excelsior matting shall consist of a
machine produced mat of curled wood excelsior that is a minimum of
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47 inches in width. The mat shall weigh 0.975 pounds per square yard
with a tolerance of plus or minus 10 percent. At least 80 percent of the
individual excelsior fibers shall be 6 inches or more in length. The
excelsior fibers shall be evenly distributed over the entire area of the
blanket. One side of the excelsior matting shall be covered with an
extruded plastic mesh. The mesh size for the plastic shall be a
maximum of I" x 1" square. Matting for erosion control shall not be
dyed, bleached, or otherwise treated in a manner that will result in
toxicity to vegetation. Other acceptable material manufactured
especially for erosion control may be used when approved by the
Engineer in writing before being used.
Erosion control matting for stream banks shall be CF 7 coir matting.
Matting shall be 100% coir fiber. Minimum Specifications for coir
matting as follows:
Weight
Thickness
Water Velocity
Grab/Elongation (Dry)
Manning's n
Max Shear Stress
20.6 oz/yd2 (700 g/m2) ASTM-D3776
6.34 mm
10 ft/s
115.81bs/23.9% MD ASTM-D4594
54. 1 lbs/33.5% XD
0.0294
4.46 Ib/ft2
Nonwoven Gcotextile: Gcotextile shall be a nonwoven fabric with a
minimum weight of 12 ounces per square yard (ASTM D3776), a
minimum grab strength in either direction of 180 pounds (ASTM
D4632), a minimum puncture resistance of (ASTM D4833) of 85
pounds, and permeability of (ASTM D4491) greater than 0.2 cm/sec.
Fabric meeting these Specifications shall still be subject to approval or
rejection by the Engineer. At the time of installation, the fabric will be
rejected if it has defects, rips, holes, flaws, deterioration, or damage
incurred during the manufacture, transportation, or storage.
NCDOT Coarse Aggregate Size #57: Shall conform to gradation
requirements of Table 1005-1, NCDOT Specifications.
NCDOT Class A Erosion Control Stone: 2 to 6-inch, widely graded,
durable, crushed stone conforming to applicable NCDOT standards
(No more than 5% of the material furnished can be less than the
minimum size specified, nor more than 10% of the material can exceed
the maximum size specified). Concrete rubble shall not be used.
NCDOT Class B Erosion Control Stone: 5 to 12-inch, widely graded,
durable, crushed stone conforming to applicable NCDOT standards
(No more than 5% of the material furnished can be less than the
minimum size specified, nor more than 10% of the material can exceed
the maximum size specified). Concrete rubble shall not be used.
NCDOT Class 1 Rip Rap (RipRap): 5 to 17-inch, widely graded,
durable, crushed stone conforming to applicable NCDOT standards.
The stone shall vary in weight from 5 to 200 pounds with 30%
weighing a minimum of 60 pounds each and 10% weighing a minimum
of 15 pounds each. (No more than 5% of the material furnished can be
less than the minimum size specified, nor can more than 10% of the
material exceed the maximum size specified). The rock fragments shall
be angular to subrounded in shape. Concrete rubble shall not be used.
NCDOT Class 2 Rip Rap (RipRap): 9 to 23-inch, widely graded,
durable, crushed stone conforming to applicable NCDOT standards.
The stone shall vary in weight from 25 to 250 pounds and 60% shall
weigh a minimum of 100 pounds each. (No more than 5% of the
material furnished can be less than the minimum size specified, nor can
more than 10% of the material exceed the maximum size specified).
The rock fragments shall be angular to subrounded in shape. Concrete
rubble shall not be used.
Boulders (Toe Stabilization and Footer Rocks): Boulders of
approximate dimension 6' x 3' x 2' shall be individually picked by
Contractor from the quarry or the on site stockpile for use in in-stream
structure construction. Boulders as small as 4' x 2' x 2' may be used;
however, they shall not constitute more than 30% of the total boulders.
Boulders shall be relatively flat on either side in the same dimension,
preferably the long dimension and must have smooth ends.
7.6 IN-STREAM STRUCTURES & TOE STABILIZATION
The work covered by this section consists of the construction of in-
stream structures including rock vane arms and rock toe stabilization.
The quantity of in-stream structures and length of toe stabilization to be
constructed will be affected by actual conditions that occur during the
construction of the project. The type and quantity of structures may be
increased or decreased at the direction of the Engineer. Such variations
in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of
construction or a change of character of the work.
A tracked hydraulic excavator with a thumb of sufficient size to move
specified boulders is required for this item. Precise placement of
structures will be determined during construction by the Engineer and
may not reflect the construction Drawings. In-stream structures and toe
stabilization installed must be inspected and approved by the Engineer.
Excavation for the purpose of installation is incidental and is covered
by this line item.
The excavation of the subgrade and installation will be consecutive and
continuous. Once the installation procedure has been initiated, it will
be completed before the end of the workday. Any incidental/accidental
discharge of sediment accumulation as a result of the installation
procedure will be removed or integrated into the designed bedform.
Excavation shall terminate at bedrock if contacted prior to the design
grade. Bedrock will be excavated only if it is determined to be rippable
and necessary by the Engineer.
Install toe stabilization as shown on the Drawings and and as directed
by the Engineer. Grade area where toe stabilization is to be
constructed. Surface shall be free of obstructions, debris, and pockets
of soft or low density material. Unless otherwise directed by the
Engineer, the stone shall be placed on the slope and/or angle as
indicated on the plans. The stone shall be graded so that the smaller
stones arc uniformly distributed throughout the mass. The Contractor
may place the stone by mechanical methods provided that when the
work is completed, it forms a properly graded, dense, neat layer of
stone.
Place rock vane arms as shown on the Drawings. Footer rocks shall be
installed to define shape of in-stream rock structures. Footer rocks
shall be installed such that their long dimension is oriented in the
direction of flow. No gaps shall be left between footer rocks.
Minimum footer rock depth below the proposed ground surface of the
stream bed shall be 4 feet. Rock sills shall extend a minimum of 3 feet
beyond bankfull (perpendicular to stream flow) as indicated on plans.
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Geotextile shall be placed over structures and backfilled with aggregate
as shown on plans.
7.7 CHANNEL PROTECTIVE LININGS
Grade the area to be lined. Surface shall be free of obstructions, debris,
and pockets of soft or low density material. The rock weir structures
shall be completed prior to installation of the channel protective
linings.
Cover area with all available on-site stockpiled topsoil to a preferred
minimum depth of 4 inches. Final grade with topsoil shall be as shown
on Drawings. Topsoil shall be prepared with fertilizer and lime, and
seeded as described in Section 10 (Permanent Seeding) of these
Specifications. The Contractor is ultimately responsible for
establishing a suitable planting medium with a minimum depth of six
(6) inches.
Install CF-7 erosion control matting perpendicular to the axis of the
stream. The matting shall be laid smooth and free from tension, stress,
folds, wrinkles and creases. Horizontal overlaps shall be a minimum of
12 inches with the upper matting overlapping the lower matting.
Vertical overlaps in matting shall be a minimum of 12 inches with the
upstream matting overlapping the downstream matting.
The top (crest) edge of the matting shall be anchored in trench at least
12 inches deep as shown on plans to prevent undercutting of the
matting. The trench should be located a minimum of 12 inches from
the top of bank, and shall not alter channel or floodplain grade.
Matting trench and Eco-StakesV shall be installed as shown on
Drawings. Matting shall be anchored utilizing Eco-stake'9 brand
stakes installed not more than 3 feet apart (3' on centers) and staggered,
with a minimum of 3 stakes per square yard of matting over the entire
lined area. 24-inch Eco-stakes shall be used along the toe of the
channel and 12-inch stakes shall be used within the field and top edge
of the matting as detailed on the Construction Drawings. Along all
laps (both vertical and horizontal) in the matting, install a common row
of staples at the scam, installing staples on 1 foot (12 inch) centers.
Along the toe, 24 inch Eco-Stakesi) shall be spaced not more than 2
feet All stakes shall be driven perpendicular to the axis of the stream as
shown on Drawings. Care shall be taken to avoid damage to matting
material.
In the event that the matting is displaced or damaged during
installation, the matting shall be repositioned or replaced. This will be
done at no additional cost to the Owner.
7.8 SLOPE PROTECTION
Grade area to be lined. Surface shall be free of obstructions, debris,
and pockets of soft or low density material.
Cover area with all available on-site stockpiled topsoil to a preferred
minimum depth of 4 inches. Final grade with topsoil shall be as shown
on Drawings. Topsoil shall be prepared with fertilizer and lime, and
seeded as described in Section 10 (Permanent Seeding) of these
Specifications. The Contractor is ultimately responsible for
establishing a suitable planting medium with a minimum depth of six
(6) inches.
Install excelsior matting perpendicular to slope. Matting shall be
unrolled with netting material on top and blanket material in contact
with the soil. (Note: some excelsior matting has netting on both sides.)
The matting shall be laid smooth and free from tension, stress, folds,
wrinkles and creases. Horizontal overlaps shall be a minimum of 12
inches with the upper matting overlapping the lower matting. Vertical
overlaps in matting shall be a minimum of 12 inches.
The top (crest) and bottom (toe) edges of the matting shall be anchored
in trench at least 12 inches deep as shown on Drawings to prevent
undercutting of the matting. Matting trench and wire staples shall be
constructed and installed as shown on Drawings. Wire staples shall be
installed not more than 3 feet apart (3' on centers) and staggered, with a
minimum of 3 stakes per square yard of matting over the entire lined
area. Staples shall be driven perpendicular to the soil surface. Staples
shall be driven flush with soil surface to reduce potential for movement
of the erosion control matting. Staples shall be installed in parallel
rows on 3' centers and in trenches at the top and bottom of the slope as
shown on Drawings. Along all laps (both vertical and horizontal) in
the matting, install a common row of staples at the seam, installing
staples on Ifoot (12 inch) centers. All standard anchoring staples shall
be 18 inches in length. Staples shall be driven in with a wooden
mallet. Care shall be taken to avoid damage to matting material.
In the event that the matting is displaced or damaged during
installation, the matting shall be repositioned or replaced. This will be
done at no additional cost to the Owner.
END OF SECTION
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 9 Technical Specifications
e Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005
SECTION 8 - STREAM BANK PLANTING and handled in a manner that will prevent injury, drying out, or
freezing.

8.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Provide all necessary equipment and labor to implement stream bank
planting plan.
8.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
8.3 REFERENCES
The following specifications and methods form a part of this
Specification:
NCDOT - Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.
15 NCAC 213.200 - Classification of Water Quality Standards
Applicable to Surface Waters & Wetlands of North Carolina
The Baily Hortorium (1976 MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.)
American Standard for Nursery Stock, latest edition
NCDENR - Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual
When the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
8.4 GENERAL
All plants shall be as called for by these Specifications and shown on
the Drawings. Botanical names referred to in the Drawings are taken
from "Hortus Third", the Baily Hortorium (1976 MacMillan Publishing
Co., Inc.). All plants delivered shall be true to name. Each plant, or
group of the same species, variety, and size of plant, shall be legibly
tagged with the name and size of the plant.
All plants shall be first-class representatives of their species. Stakes
shall be reasonably straight.
8.6 PLANT SUBSTITUTION
No change in the specified plants (species, variety, size, caliper,
furnish, etc.) will be made without written approval of the Engineer.
All requests by the Contractor for substitutions shall be presented in
writing and shall include a listing of the sources which have been
contacted in an attempt to secure the specified plant material. Requests
for substitutions shall include botanical name, common name, size,
caliper, and furnish description of the proposed substitute. No increase
in compensation will be made to the Contractor as a result of the use of
the approved substitute plants.
8.7 PLANTING PREPARATION
In areas where stream restoration will be implemented, preparation for
restoration planting operations shall be as described in SECTION 7
(Channel Protective Linings) of these Specifications.
Where live stakes shall be planted, through the Channel Protective
Lining, holes shall be made by neatly punching a hole in the matting
with a dibble bar (a heavy metal tool with a blade and a foot petal).
The dimensions of the hole shall not exceed 3" in any direction and
shall not damage the surrounding matting.
8.8 STREAM BANK PLANTING
Where live stakes shall be planted, they shall be installed at a 45 to 60
degree angle in the direction of stream flow. The buds of stakes and
plant cuttings should point upward and about 2 inches of wood should
be exposed above the ground surface. Tamp the surrounding soil
firmly to eliminate air pockets.
Where stream bank planting is directed, areas shall be planted with
shrubs using 6-foot by 6-foot centers as shown on the Construction
Drawings.
Care should be taken to avoid planting stakes too deep or too shallow,
and to avoid damage to stakes during planting. Planting depth should
be in accordance with listed references and supplier recommendations.

1
All plants shall be free from plant diseases and insect pests. All
shipments of plants shall comply with all nursery inspection and plant
quarantine regulations of the States of origin and destination, as well as
with Federal regulations governing interstate movement of stock. If
stock from other States is used, the stock shall be accompanied by a tag
or certificate stating, in effect, that the stock has been inspected and
certified by an authorized official of the State of origin as apparently
free from injurious plant pests.
All plants shall be subject to inspection at any time by the Engineer
Any such inspection before or during planting operations, however
shall not be construed as final acceptance of the plants involved.
8.5 LIVE STAKES
Live stakes, if approved for use by the Engineer, shall consist of freshly
cut live plants of select stock which has been developed by proper
cultural treatment. Stakes and cuttings shall be 3/8" to 1/2" diameter
and between 12 and 18 inches long. They shall be carefully cut from
mother-stock plantings. Plant materials shall be packaged, transported,
8.9 PLANTING PERIODS
The installation of live stakes, bare root, or container grown plants
shall be performed between October I and November 15, 2005.
However, planting can not begin until all stream repairs have been
completed.
8.10 REMOVAL OF NUISANCE VEGETATION
Removal or control of nuisance vegetation shall be performed for a
period of 90 days as necessary to ensure adequate survival of specified
plant species. See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS.
8.11 WATER FOR PLANTINGS
The Contractor shall install a rain gage and collect daily gage readings
at the site. Contractor shall provide initial watering on the day of
planting and thereafter at a minimum rate of 1 inch per week (including
rainfall) for a period of 90 days. Water used in the planting or care of
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 10 Technical Specifications
Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005

vegetation and plantings shall meet the requirements of Class C fresh
waters as defined in 15 NAC 213.200. See SPECIAL CONTRACT
PROVISIONS.
8.12 SUBMITTALS
Contractor shall submit purchase certificates (or other proof) of all
species planted.
END OF SECTION
SECTION 9 - BUFFER PLANTING
9.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Provide all necessary equipment and labor to implement buffer planting
plan.
9.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
9.3 REFERENCES
The Baily Hortorium (1976 MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.)
American Standard for Nursery Stock, latest edition
NCDENR - Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual
15 NCAC 213.200 - Classification of Water Quality Standards
Applicable to Surface Waters & Wetlands of North Carolina
The following specifications and methods form a part of this
Specification:
NCDOT - Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures.
When the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
9.4 GENERAL
All plants shall be as called for by these Specifications. Bare rooted
plants may be used in lieu of container grown plants provided written
approval for such use has been obtained from the Engineer. Grading of
plants, type and minimum dimensions of containers shall conform to
the Specifications contained in the latest edition of American Standard
for Nursery Stock. Plants shall not be cut back from larger sizes to
meet sizes called for on the Drawings. Botanical names referred to in
the Drawings are taken from "Hortus Third", the Baily Hortorium
(1976 MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.). All plants delivered shall be
true to name. Each plant, or group of the same species, variety, and
size of plant, shall be legibly tagged with the name and size of the
plant.
All plants shall be first-class representatives of their species. The root
system shall be vigorous and well-developed. The branch systems shall
be of normal development, and free from disfiguring knots, sun scald
injuries, abrasions of the bark, dead or dry wood, broken terminal
growth, or other objectionable disfigurements. Trees shall have
reasonably straight stems, and shall be well branched and symmetrical
in accordance with their natural habits of growth.
All plants shall be free from plant diseases and insect pests. All
shipments of plants shall comply with all nursery inspection and plant
quarantine regulations of the States of origin and destination, as well as
with Federal regulations governing interstate movement of nursery
stock. If nursery stock from other States is used, the stock shall be
accompanied by a tag or certificate stating, in effect, that the nursery
stock has been inspected and certified by an authorized official of the
State of origin as apparently free from injurious plant pests.
All plants shall be subject to inspection at any time by the Owner,
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 11 Technical Specifications
' Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005

1?

e
f

Engineer, or a party to be named by the Owner. Any such inspection
before or during planting operations, however shall not be construed as
final acceptance of the plants involved.
9.5 CONTAINER GROWN PLANTS
Container grown plants shall be healthy, vigorous, well-rooted, and
shall have become established in the container in which they are
delivered. These plants shall have been in the established container
long enough for the fibrous roots to have developed so that the root
mass will retain its shape and hold together when removed from the
container. The container shall be a 1 gallon container or larger,
sufficiently rigid to firmly hold the soil protecting the root during
transporting, handling, and planting, and the soil shall not be allowed
to become frozen.
9.6 BARE ROOT PLANTS
Bare root plants, if approved for use by the Engineer, shall have a
heavy fibrous root system which has been developed by proper cultural
treatment. They shall be dug, packaged, transported, and handled in a
manner that will prevent injury to or drying out of the trunks, branches,
or roots, or freezing of the roots.
9.7 PLANT SUBSTITUTION
No change in the specified plants (species, variety, size, caliper,
furnish, etc.) will be made without written approval of the Engineer.
All requests by the Contractor for substitutions shall be presented in
writing and shall include a listing of the sources which have been
contacted in an attempt to secure the specified plant material. Requests
for substitutions shall include botanical name, common name, size,
caliper, and furnish description of the proposed substitute. No increase
in compensation will be made to the Contractor as a result of the use of
the approved substitute plants.
9.8 PLANTING PREPARATION
In areas where wetland and buffer planting will be implemented,
preparation for planting operations shall be as described in SECTION
5.6 (Planting Preparation) of these Specifications.
Where container grown plants will be planted, holes made in
preparation for tree and shrub species planting shall be as shown on the
Construction Drawings.
Bare root plants and container-grown plants shall be planted in holes
made by neatly punching a hole through slope protection matting and
into existing grade with a dibble bar (a heavy metal tool with a blade
and a foot petal). The dimensions of the hole shall not exceed 3" in any
direction.
9.9 PLANTING PERIODS
The installation of bare root and container grown plants shall be
performed between October I and November 15, 2005. However,
planting can not begin until all stream repairs have been completed.
9.10 REMOVAL OF NUISANCE VEGETATION
Removal or control of nuisance vegetation shall be performed for a
period of 90 days as necessary to ensure adequate survival of specified
plant species. See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS.
9.11 WATER FOR PLANTINGS
The Contractor shall install a rain gage and collect daily gage readings
at the site. Contractor shall provide initial watering on the day of
planting and thereafter at a minimum rate of 1" per week (including
rainfall) for a period of 90 days. Water used in the planting or care of
vegetation and plantings shall meet the requirements of Class C fresh
waters as defined in 15 NAC 213.200. See SPECIAL CONTRACT
PROVISIONS.
9.12 SUBMITTALS
Contractor shall submit purchase certificates (or other proof) of all
species planted.
END OF SECTION
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 12 Technical Specifications
Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005
' SECTION 10 - PERMANENT SEEDING be used and erosion control matting shall be placed within 24 hours of
seeding. Apply seeds and mulch at the rates indicated below.

10.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Permanent seeding for permanent site stabilization.
10.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
10.3 REFERENCES
The following specifications and methods form a part of this
Specification:
NCDENR - Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual
When the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
10.4 GENERAL
Areas with Channel Protective Linings:

I

Permanent seeding shall be executed in temporary lined areas and all
other areas which are disturbed during construction activities. In areas
where Channel Protective Lining will be installed, seedbed preparation
and seeding shall be performed prior to the placement of erosion
control matting (See SECTION 7 - Channel Protective Linings).
10.5 SEEDBED PREPARATION
1 Complete grading before topsoiling or preparing seedbeds. Avoid
creating steep slopes. Excess stockpiled topsoil not used in
construction of Channel Protective Lining shall be redistributed across
areas to be seeded. Where topsoil is unavailable, seedbeds may be
' prepared directly on the exposed finished grade or topsoil may be
imported.

If topsoil is used, it should be spread to a uniform depth of four to six
inches and bonded to the subsoil by loosening with a disc, harrow, or
chisel plow. Areas where seeding will occur on exposed finished grade
shall be disked or harrowed to ensure soil aeration and to increase the
surface roughness prior to planting.
Apply lime and fertilizer evenly across seedbed and work into the top
4-6 inches of soil by discing or other suitable means. Operate
machinery on the contour.
Species Rate Obs/acre)
Creeping Red Fescue 80
(Festuca nrba nrba)
Rcdtop 15
(Agrostis stolonifera L.)
Kentucky bluegrass 15
(Poa pratensis L.)
Rye (grain) Grass 15
(Secale cereale)
All other disturbed areas:
Specie Rate Obs/acre)
Creeping Red Fescue 80
(Festuca nba rubs)
Rcdtop 15
(Agrostis stolonifera L.)
Kentucky bluegrass 15
(Poa pratensis L.)
Rye (grain) Grass 15
(Secale cereale)
Mulch Rate As/1000 sq.ft.)
Grain Straw 70
10.7 SEEDING DATES
Seeding dates given in these Seeding Specifications have the best
probability of success.
Best Possible
Late winter 15 Fcb-15 Mar 1 Dec-15 Mar
Late Fall 1 Sept-30 Sept 1 Oct-30 Nov
Seeding shall be completed within the "possible" range of dates.
10.8 SOIL AMENDMENTS
Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil tests, or apply 2 tons/acre
(4,000 lb/acre) ground agricultural limestone and 1,000 lb/acre 5-10-10
fertilizer, or as directed by the Engineer.
10.9 MULCH
Rework the surface if soil becomes compacted or crusted prior to Apply grain straw, or equivalent cover of another suitable mulching
seeding. Complete seedbed preparation by breaking up large clods and material as described above. Anchor mulch by roving or netting.
raking into a smooth, uniform surface. Fill in or level depressions that Netting shall be used on slopes steeper than 2H:1 V.
can collect water.
END OF SECTION
10.6 SEEDING
Apply permanent seeding to seedbed after preparation is complete. Use
certified seed for permanent seeding whenever possible. Certified seed
is inspected by the North Carolina Crop Improvement Association. It
' meets published North Carolina Standards and should bear an official
"Certified Seed" label. Broadcast seed into a freshly loosened seedbed
that has not been settled by rainfall. Mulch must be used on slopes
4H:1 V or steeper and in areas when concentrated water may flow.
Anchor mulch with netting in areas subject to concentrated flow. In
areas where Channel Protective Lining will be installed, no mulch shall
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 13 Technical Specifications
Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005
s

I

SECTION 1 I - SEDIMENT & EROSION CONTROL
11.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Installation of temporary sediment and erosion control measures to
include installation of silt fence and temporary seeding measures. The
Contractor shall maintain these measures to ensure proper structure
function and vigorous temporary vegetative cover during construction.
11.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
11.3 REFERENCES
The following specifications and methods form a part of this
Specification:
ASTM D4355 - Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles
from Exposure to Ultraviolet Light and Water (Xenon-Arc Type
Apparatus)
ASTM D4632 - Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and
Elongation of Geotextiles
ASTM D4751 - Standard Test Method for Determining Apparent
Opening Size of a Geotextile
NCDENR - Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual
NVhen the Specifications or Drawings differ from the requirements of
the above-referenced documents, the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
11.4 MATERIALS
Silt Fence: Silt fence shall have steel posts, woven wire fabric, and
filter fabric. The steel post shall have a minimum length of Y and
minimum width of 1 3/4". The steel posts shall have projections for
fastening the wire to the fence. The woven wire fabric shall be at lest
32 inches high, and shall have at least 6 horizontal wires. Vertical
wires shall be spaced a maximum of 12 inches apart. The top and
bottom wires shall be at least 10 gauge. All other wires shall be at least
12Vs gauge. The silt fence filter fabric shall meet the following
minimum criteria:
Grab Tensile Strength 100 lbs.
Grab Tensile Elongation 15%
UV Resistance 70%
Apparent Opening Size (AOS) 20 (US Sieve)
11.5 SILT FENCE
The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, tools and other items
necessary to furnish and install the silt fence as shown on the Drawings
and specified herein. The silt fence shall be placed following the
contours as closely as possible. The ends of the silt fence shall be
turned uphill.
i The posts shall not exceed a spacing of 8 feet. The posts shall be
driven into the ground and shall extend above ground as shown on the
Drawings. The filter fabric shall be stapled or wired to each post. The
' filter fabric shall extend into the ground as shown in the Drawings.
Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 14
' Haywood County Stream Repairs
If possible, the filter fabric shall be cut from a continuous roll to avoid
the use of joints. When joints are necessary, securely fasten the filter
cloth only at a support with overlap to the next post.
Silt fences shall be inspected weekly and after each significant storm (I
inch in 24 hrs.). Any required repairs shall be made immediately.
Sediment shall be removed when it reaches 1/3 the height of the fence
or 9 inches maximum. Dispose of the sediment in the designated
disposal area.
11.6 TEMPORARY SEEDING
The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, tools, and other items
necessary to provide temporary seeding in accordance with State and
local Standards.
Areas where no substantial or significant progress is made for more
than 15 days shall be temporarily seeded as shown on the Drawings and
specified herein. All areas must be seeded, mulched, and anchored
unless written approval is granted by the Owner. Incidental grading
shall not constitute substantial or significant progress in construction
activity.
Seeding and mulching shall be done immediately following
construction. All disturbed areas shall be dressed to a depth of 8
inches. The top 3 inches shall be pulverized to provide a uniform
seedbed.
Agricultural lime shall be applied at a rate of 2,000 pounds per acre
immediately before plowing.
Grass seed shall be applied at the following rate:
TVe Dates Possible Rate
Rye (Grain) Aug. 15 - May 1 60 lbs./ac.
German Millet Mayl -Aug 15 40 lbs./ac.
10-10-10 fertilizer shall be applied to all disturbed areas at a rate of 750
pounds per acre, and mulching shall consist of small grain straw
applied a rate of 70 pounds per 1000 square feet (70lbs./I000sq.ft.).
Mulch shall be anchored by roving or netting.
END OF SECTION
Technical Specifications
July 2005

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SECTION 12 - SITE MAINTENANCE
12.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Site maintenance to ensure vigorous vegetative cover, stable channel
lining, and durability of the work.
12.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
See SPECIAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS
12.3 EXECUTION
Contractor shall revisit the site as required in the special contract
provisions to inspect the condition of the project site. Areas of erosion,
settlement, poor vegetative cover, and displaced coir or excelsior
materials or in-stream structures, shall be repaired. Site visits shall be
coordinated with Owner.
Erosion areas shall be filled and reseeded in accordance with Section
10 - Permanent Seeding. Areas of poor vegetative cover shall be
reseeded and refertilized only.
Displaced, damaged, or dead shrub species shall be removed, and
replanted in accordance with Sections 8 & 9 - Stream Bank Planting
and Buffer Planting.
Displaced channel lining materials shall be recovered (if possible) and
replaced, or replaced with new channel lining materials to the design
line and grade.
END OF SECTION

0

Stream Repairs and Bank Stabilization Page 15 Technical Specifications
Haywood County Stream Repairs July 2005

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ENGINEERING DE51GN FIRM:
McGILL ASSOCIATES
55 Broad Street
Asheville, NC 28801
[phone]
ENVIRONMENTAL DE51GN FIRM:
SOIL * ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTANTS, PA
1010 Raven Ridge Road
Raleigh, NC 27G 14
(919) 84G-5900
PREPARED FOR:
HAYWOOD COUNTY, NC
COUNTY COURTHOUSE
215 N. MAIN STREET
WAYNESVILLE, NC 28786
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR:
C1\0 ABTREE SITE
STREAM REPAIRS ? BAND
STABILIZATION PLAN
CO NTE NT5 :
HAYWOOD COUNTY, NC
F 1. COVER, CONTENTS, ? VICINITY MAP
F2. 51TE MAPPING
F3. 51TE PHOTOGRAPHS
F4. EX15TING 51TE CONDITIONS
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F7. TYPICAL REPAIR AND TOE 5TABILIZATION DETAIL5
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EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
SCALE: I"= 30'

/DOWNSTREAM REPAIR
LIMIT (APPROX.)

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CALL 1-800-632-4949
N.C. ONE-CALL CENTER
ITS THE LAWI
NOTES:
1. ALL SITE DATA AS DETERMINED BY LIMITED ENGINEERING SURVEY
PERFORMED BY SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, P.A.,
IN APRIL & MAY 2005, USING GPS AND LASER-LEVEL EQUIPMENT.
2. ALL LOCATIONS, DISTANCES, AND DIMENSIONS ARE APPROXIMATE AND
INTENDED FOR USE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BANK STABILIZATION
AND REPAIR PLAN.
3. LOCATIONS OF EXISTING UTILITIES AS SHOWN ARE APPROXIMATE
ONLY. EXACT LOCATIONS ARE TO BE VERIFIED IN THE FIELD BY
CONTRACTOR.
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PROPOSED REPAI R PLAN
SCALE: 1 "= 30
ROPOSED BENCH
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PROPOSED REPAIRED
TOE OF SLOPE
CROSS-SECTION #1
(APPROX. LOCATION)
NOTES:
1. ALL SITE DATA AS DETERMINED BY LIMITED ENGINEERING SURVEY
PERFORMED BY SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, P.A.,
IN APRIL & MAY 2005, USING GPS AND LASER-LEVEL EQUIPMENT.
NATE BENCH NEAR REPAIR LIMIT, TYP.
PROPOSED TOP OF BANK
PROPOSED
SLOPE BREAK
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AND REPAIR PLAN. LIMIT (APPROX.)
3. LOCATIONS OF EXISTING UTILITIES AS SHOWN ARE APPROXIMATE
ONLY. EXACT LOCATIONS ARE TO BE VERIFIED IN THE FIELD BY
CONTRACTOR.
4. CONSTRUCT TOE STABILIZATION AS DIRECTED AT TIME OF CONSTRUCTION.
ESTIMATED REPAIR LENGTH= 300'
LENGTH OF TOE STABILIZATION= 150'
APPROXIMATE DISTURBED AREA= 0.50 ACRES
SITE IS AGRICULTURAL

PROPOSED
APPROX. LIMITS
OF DISTURBANCE
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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE:
1. Obtain NCDENR, USACE, & local authority approval for construction. The Contractor
must strictly adhere to the conditions of the U.S. Army C.O.E. & the NCDENR DWQ
as set forth in the 404 & 401 permits.
2. Notify NCDENR (Land Quality Section) if necessary, ten days prior to construction.
3. Locate existing utilities on site. Coordinate access, staging area
and temporary stockpile areas with Owner and Engineer. Engineer to identify and mark
"limits of disturbance" within channel
4. Install temporary sediment & erosion control measures, access roads, channel access,
staging area, and temporary facilities.
NOTE: All installed temporary sediment and erosion control measures will be inspected
weekly or after a major rainfall event (> 0.5 inches) by the Contractor. Upon
inspection, any necessary repairs will be performed by the Contractor.
5. Clear and grub in required areas for stream repair. Remove and stockpile topsoil
in areas to be excavated. Stockpile in areas as Directed by
Owner Engineer. Surround Stockpile Areas with 2 Rows of Silt Fence.
6. Perform stream bank repairs as shown on plans and directed by engineer.
Install In-stream structures and toe stabilization as directed by the
v
TOP OF BANK OR BENCH
FLOW
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
FOOTER
ROCKS
CHANNEL BED
PROFILE
APPROX.
1/4 CHANNEL WD
NON-WOVEN
GEOTEXTILE FABRII
wimeet at the time of construction. Contractor shall not cross "limits of disturbance' EDGE BANK OR BENCH_
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wthout prior opproval of the engineer.
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7. Stabilize repaired bank zones (lower, mid-, and upper) as shown in details. Apply
temporary erosion control seeding measures to disturbed areas as final grading Is
reached. Re-distribute topsoil, augment as necessary to meet planting specifications.
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8. Perforrh tree and shrub planting as specified. Engineer to be notified prior
to planting observation to approve planting bed conditions and plant materials.
Tree and Shrub plantings may be delayed until Fall season with approval of owner and Engineer.
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9. Apply permanent seeding measures. Remove temporary sediment & erosion
control, measures including construction entrance (if necessary).
10. Coordinate for walk-thru inspection with Owner, Engineer, and Agency
Representatives.
11. Plant all live stake plantings (and tree and shrub species if delayed) during Fall season.
TIE TO
STREAM BED
INVERT
FLOW
DIRECTION
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LEFTI BANK
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ROCK VANE ARM STRUCTURE DETAIL
(NOT TO SCALE)
20'-
FOOTER
ROCK
PLAN
RIVER BED BORROW OR
AGGREGATE STONE AS APPROVED
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STABILIZE AND PLANT BENCH
SIMILAR TO MID-BANK ZONE
EXISTING ERODED AND FAILED
CHANNEL BANK (TIP.)
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NOTE:
1. RESTORE CHANNEL WIDTH AT TOE OF SLOPE AS SHOWN ON PROPOSED
REPAIR PLAN.
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LOWER-BANK ZONE
2. BREAK POINT ON SLOPE (OR OUTER EDGE OF BENCH) FOR REPAIR AT
ELEV. 93.00 DEFINED BY 'BANK LOCATION' ON PLAN VIEW.
3. DEPTH AND EXTENTS OF UNDERCUT TO BE DETERMINED BY ENGINEER AT 1V
TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. 2H TOE STABILIZATION BOULDERS
4. REPAIR MAY BE CONSTRUCTED WITH OR WITHOUT TOE STABILIZATION
DEPENDING ON SITE CONDITIONS AS DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER.
5. REPAIR TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN CONJUNCTION WITH ROCK VANE ARM
STRUCTURES AS SHOWN ON REPAIR PLAN.
6. LOWER BANK ZONE TO BE CONSTRUCTED USING RIVER BED BORROW
MATERIALS AS APPROVED BY THE ENGINEER. MID-, AND UPPER BANK ZONE TO
BE CONSTRUCTED USING OTHER APPROVED MATERIALS.
7. BANK REPAIRS TO BE BENCHED INTO EXISTING FAILED SLOPE AS
DIRECTED BY THE ENGINEER AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION.
REPAIR OPTION I
(NOT TO SCALE)
ABILIZE UPPER BANK AS SHOWN IN OPTION 1
WIDTH OF BENCH VARIES 5' TO 10'
MINIMUM DESIRED FOR REPAIR
ELEV. 93.00
EXISTING ERODED AND FAILED
CHANNEL BANK (TYP.)
EXISTING CHANNEL
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ON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE CASING
OVER-EXCAVATE LOOSE MATERIALS AT TOE
AND BACKFILL WITH COARSE (BED) MATERIAL
TOE STABILIZATION DETAIL
(NOT TO SCALE)
NOTES:
1, SEE SECTION 7,5 OF THE SPECS FOR THE SIZE OF BOULDERS
2. AVERAGE HEIGHT OF TOE STABILIZATION WILL BE 4' TO 5'.
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EX15TING ROAD
2"-3" COARSE AGGREGATE
(RAILROAD BALLAST)
G' HUMP TO DIVERT R
FROM EXI5TING ROAD
EXISTING CHANNEL BED
EXISTING EDGE OF WATER
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CONTRACTOR TO CUT -
ACCE55 RAMP TO
SLOPE AS NEEDED FOR
EQUIPMENT ACCESS
MINIMUM 12" LAYER CLA55'A',
RIPRAP WITH MIN. 12 OZ. WOVEN
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC UNDERLAIN
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NOTES:
I . A STABILIZED PAD OF CRUSHED STONE SHALL BE LOCATED WHERE
TRAFFIC WILL BE ENTERING OR LEAVING A CONSTRUCTION SITE TO OR
FROM AN EXISTING ROAD.
2. STONE TO BE 2 - 3 INCH WASHED STONE RAILROAD BALLAST.
3. THE ENTRANCE SHALL BE MAINTAINED IN A CONDITION WHICH WILL
PREVENT TRACKING OR FLOWING OF SEDIMENT ONTO PUBLIC STREETS
OR EXISTING PAVEMENT. TH15 MAY REQUIRE PERIODIC TOP DRESSING
WITH ADDITIONAL STONE AS CONDITIONS DEMAND AND REPAIR AND/OR
CLEANOUT OF ANY MEASURES USED TO TRAP SEDIMENT.
4. ALL SEDIMENT SPILLED, DROPPED, WASHED OR TRACKED ONTO PUBLIC
STREETS MUST BE REMOVED IMMEDIATELY.
5. WHEN NECESSARY WHEELS MUST BE CLEANED TO REMOVE SEDIMENT
PRIOR TO ENTERING A PUBLIC STREET, WHEN WASHING 15 REQUIRED,
IT SHALL BE DONE ON AN AREA STABILIZED WITH CRUSHED STONE
WHICH DRAINS INTO AN APPROVED SEDIMENT BASIN.
EXACT LOCATION OF TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION
ENTRANCE TO BE DETERMINED AT PRE-CONSTRUCTION
MEETING
5TA15ILIZED CON5TRUCTION ENTRANCE
(NOT TO SCALE)
EXISTING TOP OF BANK NOTE: CONTRACTOR TO REFRESH
STONE LAYER AND AUGMENT
CONTRACTOR TO CUT AS NECESSARY TO REDUCE
D ° 00 D ° p (? ACCE55 RAMP TO EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
SLOPE AS NEEDED FOR - - - - -
o? o o EQUIPMENT ACCESS
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\\- EXISTING FAILED BANK =1
MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED j-
EXISTING FAILED 111=
TOP OF BANK EIX15TING CHANNEL BED _ MINIMUM 12 OZ. WOVEN
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
LAY BACK SIDE SLOPES
OF ACCESS TO STABLE ck>
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GRADE MINIMUM 12" LAYER 01
CLA55'A' RIPRAP ;o Es
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CHANNEL ACCE55 DETAIL
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2" STEEL ANGLE
SYNTHETIC
FILTER FABRIC SHALL BE
BACKFILLED A MIN. OF 8"
8' MAX FOR 5TD. STRENGTH FABRIC
WITH WIRE MESH REINFORCEMENT
nR
51LT FENCE
NOTES;
1. FILTER BARRIERS SHALL BE INSPECTED
IMMEDIATELY AFTER EACH RAINFALL AND
DAILY DURING PROLONGED RAINFALL.
REPAIR SHALL BE MADE AS NECESSARY.
2. FABRIC SHALL BE REPLACED PROMPTLY
IF FOUND TO BE IN DISREPAIR.
COIR MATTING
BASE FLOW
WATER ELEVATION
3. SEDIMENT DEP051T5 SHALL BE REMOVED
AFTER EACH STORM EVENT AND WHEN
DEPOSITS REACH APPROXIMATELY 1/3
HEIGHT OF BARRIER.
BANK OR BENCH
,
12" ECO-5TAKE0
PROFILE VIEW
24" ECO-5TAKE0
• TRENCHED TOP OF MATTING TO A
DEPTH OF AT LEAST 12", STAKE
OR STAPLE IN PLACE, t BACKFILL
TO DESIGN GRADE
• MINIMUM 24" ECO-5TAKE50
INSTALLED ALONG TOE OF MATTING
(Intercept between water Surface and bank)
24" FC
SYNTHETIC FILTER FABRIC
ATTACHED TO POSTS WITH
APPROVED FASTENERS. PLACE
ON UPHILL 51DE OF FENCE.
P05T
SYNTHETIC
FILTER
f FABRIC
IS" GROUND
MAX.
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EXCAVATE 8"x8' TRENCH UPSLOPE ALONG LINE
OF POSTS. EXTEND FILTER FABRIC INTO TRENCH,
BACKFILL TRENCH AND COMPACT 501L
FRUN 1 VIM
• MINIMUM 2' CENTER5 ALONG BOTTOM
• MINIMUM P OVERLAP AT JOINING
SECTIONS OF COIR MATTING
COIR MATTING DETAIL
(NOT TO 5CALE)
ECO-5TAKE0
• 12" ECO-5TAKE50 INSTALLED IN BANK
FLU5H WITH COIR MATTING ABOVE
BOTTOM ROW OF 24" ECO-STAKE50
• ECO-5TAKE50 SPACED AT
MAXIMUM 3' CENTER5 (APPROX.)
BOTH DIRECTIONS
TEMPORARY 5EED1 NG
SPECIFICATIONS
General
Areas where no substantial or significant progress 15 made for
more than 15 days Should be temporarily seeded as
follows. All areas should be seeded, mulched, and tacked.
Incidental grading shall not constitute substantial or significant
progress in construction activity. Seeding and mulching shall
be done immediately following construction. All disturbed
areas shall be dressed to a depth of 8 inches. The top
3 inches shall be pulverized to provide a uniform seedbed.
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Seeding Dates
May I - Aug. 15
Aug. 15 - May I
Seeding 5peae5
German Millet
Rye (grain)
Rate (lbslacre)
40
GO
Sod Amendments
Follow recommendations of sod tests or apply 2,000 Ibs/acre
ground agricultural limestone and 750 Ib5/acre 10-10-10
fertilizer.
Mulch
Mulching Shall consist of small grain straw applied at a rate
of 70 lb5./1000 sq.ft. Mulched areas shall be mechanically
tacked in place (or other approved tacking method).
No asphalt shall be used for tacking. Use Jute, excelsior
matting or similar material to cover exposed areas of
concentrated flow.
Maintenance
Inspect and repair mulch frequently. Refertilize and reseed as
required to maintain vigorous temporary vegetative cover
during construction. \ 111111, ,,
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TREES
SPECIES COMMON NAME TOTAL # 51ZE REMARKS
QUERCUS ALBA WHITE OAK TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
PLATANUS
OCCIDENTALIS
AM, SYCAMORE
TBD
BARE ROOT
UPPER BANK ZONE
QUERCUS
COCCINEA SCARLET OAK TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
BETULA LENTA SWEET BIRCH TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
LIRIODENDRON
TULIPIFERA YELLOW POPLAR TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
TSUGA
CANADENSIS
E. HEMLOCK
TBD
BARE ROOT
UPPER BANK ZONE
BETULA
ALLEGHANIENSIS YELLOW BIRCH TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
ACER RUBRUM RED MAPLE TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
BETULA NIGRA RIVER BIRCH TBD BARE ROOT UPPER BANK ZONE
NOTES:
1. TOTAL NUMBER OF TREE515 230.
2. TREE SPECIES TO BE RANDOMLY INTERMIXED ON 8'X8' SPACING
UTILIZING AT LEAST 5 OF THE 9 5PECIE5 LISTED ABOVE. MATERIAL
SOURCE AND DESIRED 51,11155TITUTI0N5 TO BE APPROVED BY DE5IGNER.
1 2 3
Open planting Place bare-root C105c hole with
hole with Seedling in hole - Shovel or Auger-
5hovel or Auger root collar at no air space
surface around roots
BARE-ROOT SEEDLING
PLANTING DETAIL
(NOT TO SCALE)
TI
WOODEN 5TP
SHRUBS
5PECIE5 COMMON NAME TOTAL # 51ZE REMARKS
CARPINUS
CAROLINIANA AMERICAN
HORNBEAM TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENCH
HAMAMELIS
VIRGINIANA AMERICAN
WITCHHAZEL TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENCH
ALNUS
SERRULATA BROOKSIDE
ALDER TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENCH
LEUCOTHOE
FONTANESIANA HIGHLAND
DOGHOBBLE TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENCH
SALIX NIGRA BLACK WILLOW TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENCH
CORNUS AMOMUM SILKY DOGWOOD TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENCH
SALIX SERICEA SILKY WILLOW TBD BARE ROOT/POTTED MID-BANK ZONE & BENC
NOTE:
SHRUB SPECIES TO BE RANDOMLY INTERMIXED ON G'XG' SPACING
UTILIZING AT LEAST 3 OF THE 7 SPECIES LISTED ABOVE. MATERIAL
SOURCE AND DESIRED 5UB5TITUTI0N5 TO BE APPROVED BY DE5IGNER.
LIVE STAKES TO C0N515T OF BLACK WILLOW, SILKY DOGWOOD AND
SILKY WILLOW PLANTED A5 SHOWN IN DETAIL ALONG LOWER BANK ZONE.
TREE SHELTER
W/ BASE APPROX.
I" INTO GROUND
BASE FLOW
1A/ATFD FI 9=1/A-r1nK1
PROFILE VIEW
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TREE SHELTER DETAIL
TO BE INSTALLED ON ALL DAK>=-KUUI
AND CONTAINERIZED PLANTED TREES
(NOT TO SCALE)
NOTE: TREE SHELTER SHALL BE PHOTODEGRADABLE
(IN FULL SUNLIGHT ENVIRONMENT) AND/OR BIODEGRADABLE
SLOPE BREAK OR BENCH
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ANGLE-CUT END
• LIVE STAKES INSTALLED IN BANK
WITH DEAD-BLOW HAMMER
• 4/5 OF STAKE IN GROUND
• BUDS ORIENTED UPWARDS
• 3' CENTERS (APPROX.)
• CUT EXPOSED END OF LIVE STAKE
AFTER INSTALLATION IF DAMAGED
DUE TO INSTALLATION
(I.e. damaged bark, Split ends, etc.)
LIVE STAKE PLANTING DETAIL
(NOT TO SCALE)
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