620003_CORRESPONDENCE_20171231

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LAGOON MAINTENANCE AND IRRIGATION PLAN
FOR.
RIVERSIDE FARM
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.C.
FACILITY I.D. # 62-003
Prepared for : N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc.
c/o Melvin Purvis
2504 Spies Road
Robbins, N.C. 27325-7213
Phone [phone]
Plans Prepared By; Larry F. Graham, P.E.
' Environmental Engineering Services
P.Q. Box 426
Aberdeen, N.C. 28315
' Phone [phone] Fax: [phone]
JUL 2 4 2000
P"%YL�E jlLLE
' Copy Submitted to: NCDENR - DWQ
c/o Sue Homewood
1617 Mail Service Center
' Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Phone: [phone]- Ext, 502
1 Copy Submitted to: NRCS
Darryl Harrington - District Conservationist
' 227-D North Main Street
Troy, N.C. 27371
Phone: [phone]
' Original Plan Completion Date : November 7 1995 ��.
P a .. �� CARD .,..
Revision One Completion Date: December 29 1997 0�`.••••"'• ,�i
Latest Revision Date: February 4, 2000
S EAL
Specification Devel ment and Review By: 11602
' r • •
��'''• FRQ NG 1
Larry F. ' Grah N. strationN ber 11.602 �'��='�nCE+Vb
� l7vsFc770A(
Date of Review: z FEB 2C�O
Non-Ulch,'e Pe"it

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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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' THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS PACKAGE WAS DEVELOPED
' SPECIFICALLY FOR THE NAMED CLIENT ON THE TITLE PAGE. THIS
MATERIAL SHALL NOT BE COPIED BY PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS FOR
PERSONAL USE OR DISTRIBUTION. ONLY PERSONS AUTHORIZED BY
' THE CLIENT SHOULD COPY OR REPRODUCE THE MATERIAL WITHIN
THIS REPORT. REGULATORY OFFICIALS MAY HOWEVER COPY
' AND/OR DISTRIBUTE THIS DOCUMENT ACCORDING TO
DEPARTMENTAL POLICY AND ACCORDING TO THE LAWS OF THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
Table of Contents
BACKGROUND ABOUT THIS PROJECT AND ORGANIZATIONAL ITEMS 1
Report Objectives 2
ON -FARM DETAILS 3
General Site Information and Location 3
Topography, Drainage, and Nearby Surface Waters 3
Animal Waste Related Set -Backs Or Buffers 5
Miscellaneous Site Details 6
Animal Waste Descriptions and Related Information 7
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RIVERSIDE FARM LAGOON SYSTEM. 7
General 7
Rainfall Storage S
Storage Of The First 25 Year - 24 Hour Storm 9
Storage Of The Second 25 Year - 24 Hour Storm (Sometimes Called Normal Freeboard) 10
Emergency Freeboard 10
High Water Markers for Liquid Levels 10
CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR RIVERSIDE FARM 11
Odor Control And Lagoon Management (apply as needed) 11
Odor Control And Air Quality Regulations 14
Insect Control And Mortality Management 14
General Sediment, Nutrient And Run -Off Control Suggestions (use as needed) 15
Personal Safety Considerations Around Lagoons 15
AGRONOMIC PLANS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17
Soils To Receive Waste 17
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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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Annual Excess Wastewater Production
18
'
On -Farm Nutrient Production From Animal Manure And Its Use On Agricultural Crops
18
Nitrogen.............................................................................................. . ........................ ........................................19
CopperAnd Zinc .................................................................................................................................................20
Phosphanus and Potassium
'
....................................................................................................................................21
Sodium .
21
Other Elements In The Anaerobic Lagoon Effluent.. . .................................................. .........................................
22
'
Soil Test Results And Discussions
24
Overall Cropping Descriptions 25
' Crop Planting and Fertilizing Considerations 26
TallFescue Grass (for hay)....................................................................................................................................26
' Pearl Millet (for hay)............................................................................................................................................27
Winter Wheat (winter cover crop)....................................................,......,............,.......,.................................28
Additional Crop Maintenance Recommendations..................................................................................................29
' NUTRIENT AND LIQUID WASTE APPLICATIONS 32
' Irrigation Scheduling 32
Irrigation Methodology 33
' Field by Field Waste Application Details 36
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE 45
General 45
' Irrigation System Layout And Operation 46
Grading And Clearing For Travel Lanes (use if needed) 47
' Trenches And Pipe Installation 48
Valves And System Safety 49
' System Operation And Maintenance 50
y p
' Irrigation Examples 51
Mae. Personal Safety Tips Around Animal Waste Application Sites 55
' GENERAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR RIVERSIDE FARM 56
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND NOTICES 57
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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
EXHIBIT LIST FOR RIVERSIDE FARM
'
Exhibit 1.
County road map (vicinity map).
Exhibit 2.
USGS Topographic map of the farm property location.
'
Exhibit 3.
Boundary outline of entire property (aerial photograph).
Exhibit 4.
NRCS soil survey map of the farm.
'
Exhibit 5.
NCDA waste analysis reports of lagoon effluent,
Exhibit 6.
Spray field identifications, irrigation layout, and buffers.
'
Exhibit 7.
Physical and chemical properties of Montgomery County soils.
Exhibit 8.
Soil and plant tissue sampling instructions.
'
Exhibit 9.
Waste sampling instructions.
Exhibit 10.
Not used in this package
'
Exhibit 11.
Exhibit 12.
Example forms far record keeping.
"Swine Source".
Cooperative extension publication Manure as a Fertilizer
Exhibit 13.
Specification guide for pasture and hay land planting
'
Exhibit 14.
NCDA Soil Test Reports. .
Exhibit 15.
Field calibration procedures for animal waste application equipment (extension publication).
Exhibit 16.
Crop nutrient requirements, etc. (Cooperative Extension Service publication).
Exhibit 17.
Swine farm waste management odor control checklist.
'
Exhibit 18.
Insect control checklist for animal operations.
Exhibit 19.
Emergency action plan ideas and BMPs,
'
Exhibit 20.
Gun cart nozzle data and irrigation pump curves.
Exhibit 21.
Hard hose traveler information.
'
Exhibit 22.
Pipe for irrigation (extension publication).
Exhibit 23.
Irrigation scheduling (extension publication).
Exhibit 24. Typical systems operation guide (for reference).
' Exhibit 25. Head loss and pressure calculations for each pull.
' Exhibit 26. Volume vs. depth graph for the new anaerobic lagoon.
Exhibit 27. Irrigation records for ' Riverside Farm.
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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 1111
' BACKGROUND ABOUT THIS PROJECT AND ORGANIZATIONAL ITEMS
The farm parcel discussed within this report was originally known as the Little River and Riverside
Farm site. A Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) was developed for this farm
' parcel in the Fall of 1995. This original CAWMP contained waste management strategy for both
Little River and Riverside Farms.
Due to an accidental discharge of effluent from the Riverside Farm operation in the Spring of 1997,
Purvis Farm was forced to remove all animals from the Riverside facilities Since that time it has not
had animals nor has it generated animal waste.
' In December of 1997, the original CAWMP was revised to reflect the changes in operation at the
farm parcel. This plan contained the waste management details for Little River Farm that was still in
operation and the lagoon management details for Riverside Farm. Without fresh manure being
' added, the contribution of nitrogen from Riverside Farm to the overall CAWMP was scheduled to be
less and less as the nutrient concentration in the lagoon system became diluted with rain water.
' Little River Farm and Riverside Farm are two separate farms on the same farm parcel. In the past
they have shared an irrigation system and crop land. Because they are two different farms, the NC
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), Division of Water Quality (DWQ)
has requested that the two farms have individual CAWMPs. Purvis Farms has requested
Environmental Engineering Services (EES) to write these two new plans and dedicate specific crop
acreage to each farm.
' This CAWMP will relate only to Riverside Farm. The details of Little River Farm's CAWMP will
appear in another document. This CAWMP replaces any and all earlier versions of similar plans.
' Riverside Farm has not had hogs since mid 1997. Since that time the farm manager has been
maintaining the lagoon system, keeping rain water pumped out onto farm crops. Over time the
nutrient content of the lagoon water has decreased dramatically. Since there are no hogs adding
' fresh manure to this lagoon system, the farm manager will need to only manage the rain water as it
accumulates in the lagoon system. This CAWMP for lagoon management is less complicated than a
similar plan for an active farm. Therefore the plans herein will be less complicated than those for
' Little River Farm. Still, the engineer wishes to offer as much explanation as possible to the
reader/operator as to the reasoning for the specifications.
' The reader should note that the following CAWMP relates to a specific site and situation where the
need exists for a proper and prudent plan for the maintenance of an old lagoon system. The design
parameters contained in this document have been shown to be effective if performed in a responsible
' manner by knowledgeable persons. It is impossible however to predict all future operational and
environmental situations which could cause these plans to need modification or be revised at a later
date. When possible, this document follows the U.S. Natural Resources Conversation Service
' (NRCS) design criteria and is not meant to contradict standard NRCS guidelines or the design
criteria of other organizations. Some information in this document was obtained courtesy of the
N.C. Cooperative Extension Service.
' In case the reader is not familiar with animal waste utilization plans for agriculture, he or she must
realize that this document is not a comprehensive teaching manual. In fact no such document can
take the place of the owner/operator's experience and desire to learn all there is to know about the
1 operation and maintenance of animal operations, especially with regards to waste management.

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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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Certain specifications and assumptions herein are explained in enough detail to introduce the reader
' to the design criteria and reasoning for the specifications chosen. All assumptions related to decision
details are not presented in full explanation for brevity,
The -development of a CAWMP is a dynamic process. This means that one design decision will
' affect the next decision, and that decision will affect the next, etc. Also, on -site situations will
occasionally require plan alterations or at least make them differ from those parameters presented
herein, Therefore, the reader should use this plan for guidance and for general standards more than
' for exact "to the inch" measurements. The farmer/manager however should not grossly exceed the
minimum or maximum recommendations so as not to violate the intent of the recommendations. The
engineer has tried to weigh all factors in accordance with importance. Parameters like manpower
' requirements, initial costs, economics of operations, and the individual's situation enter into the plan
design but may not be openly addressed in this report.
' Irrigation information' presented in this document may relate to a new or existing system. Either way
the engineer is presenting this information to demonstrate the adequacy of the equipment and to give
general guidance as to performance parameters. It will be completely up to the irrigation system
' operator to operate the system in accordance with these plans, to protect the surface water and
ground 'water of the State of North Carolina, and to adhere to all rules and regulations related to
animal waste utilization.
All specifications within this document are acceptable for use to satisfy the animal waste management
rules found in the publication titled "Waste Not Discharged To Surface Waters", published by
NCDENR, DWQ, Administrative Code Section: 15A NCAC 2H .0200, amended August 21, 1998.
The reader should refer to this State publication for regulatory details.
Report Objectives
1. To describe the - Riverside Farm site characteristics and operational features. To explain to the
reader where the farm is located, what type of maintenance is planned, and significant animal
waste management practices. Descriptions and explanations about historical crop production,
lagoon storage capacities, etc. will be given for background.
2. To review the farm's manure application areas, soil types, and plans for future crop production.
This would include an evaluation of the adequacy of existing equipment for current and proposed
' irrigation needs.
3. To develop an agronomic report tailored to this farm. To list the crop production history, which
' crops will receive animal waste, Realistic Yield Expectations (R.Y.E.), Plant Available Nitrogen
(P.A.N.), general cropping patterns for the future, and animal waste application windows.
' 4. To provide general guidance to the farmer and/or irrigation operator as to some fundamental
irrigation equations and principals so on -site waste application adjustments can be made as
needed. This will include critical elements such as application amounts, precipitation rates, gun
' cart travel speeds, and a general water balance discussion between the irrigation routine and
storage capabilities of the lagoon system.

Riverside Farm_ CAWMP - Feb 2000
5. To add emphasis to environmental concerns related to the protection of surface and groundwater
' at and near the farm, This will include a general Emergency Action Plan as well as insect and
odor control information.
' 6. To provide a certifiable set of animal waste management plans (including information provided
by others) that will accommodate the specific farm needs, be cost effective to the farmer, and
meet the basic criteria of prudent and effective animal waste utilization and irrigation.
ON -FARM DETAILS
General Site Information and Location
' The physical location of the Riverside Farm parcel is in the southwestern part of Montgomery
County approximately 4 miles east of Mount Gilead. Entrance to the farm is off SR# 1543. The
nearest named stream to the farm site is Disons Creek and it is located along the western property
line of the farm parcel according to USGS quadrangle maps. Exhibits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 show various
views of the property. The owner is N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc.
' The farm property is bordered by mostly wooded land or farm land with some residential dwellings
scattered around the immediate community. Little River Farm is east of Riverside. The swine
houses and lagoons are bordered by open fields and wooded land. More will be said about regulatory
' set -backs later in this document.
Riverside Farm was a finishing operation for many years. Plans were made to convert Riverside
' Farm from a finishing operation to a nursery in 1997. DWQ was notified of this change. Plans were
to take the nursery pigs from Little River Farm and place them at Riverside. This change would have
been a Steady State Live Weight (SSLW) reduction for both Little River Farm and Riverside. The
' Riverside Farm conversion process was almost complete when an accidental discharge of swine
effluent occurred in May of 1997. The result of this discharge was closure of Riverside Farm
sometime around July of 1997.
' Sinceclosure there has been no raw swine manure added to the lagoon system at Riverside. Rain
e e an g y
water accumulation in the lagoon system has been maintained by occasional pumping and land
application via a spray irrigation system. The effluent is applied to farm grown crops at agronomic
rates, acting as a commercial fertilizer substitute. Future plans for Riverside Farm are uncertain at
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this time, but it remains closed until further notice.
Specifications contained in this report will relate to animal waste utilization. Throughout this
document there will be information and suggestions providing helpful hints on odor control, insect
control, as well as general long term water management.
' Topography, Drainage, and Nearby Surface Waters
In general, the topography at and around the Riverside Farm consists of rolling hills with all of the
drainage from the site eventually going to Disons Creek and them to Little River. A USGS topo
' map of the area can be seen as Exhibit 2 so the reviewer can get an overall view of the site. The

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
USGS topographic map containing this information is the Mount Gilead East Quadrangle map.
' Coordinates for this site are approximately Longitude 79 degrees, 55 minutes, 30 seconds; Latitude
35 degrees, 13 minutes, 15 seconds.
' The slopes at the farm range from 2 to 20 percent with a few places steeper. Slopes in the crop land
areas range from 2 to 12 percent. In general rainfall runoff flows away from or around the
confinement housing and the lagoon areas via pre -determined grass water ways and ditches. Most
' surface flowing water that might initially flow toward the lagoons is intercepted so this water is
diverted around the outside of the lagoons.
' The Riverside lagoon's earthen sides and spray fields should not be impacted by 100 year flooding,
This was not verified with flood insurance maps but is reasonable to assume given the surrounding
topography.
' A small unnamed tributary (stormwater drainage ditch) to Disons Creek exists between the
Riverside Farm complex and the Little River Farm complex. This tributary does not show up on
' USGS quad maps. It is more of a drainage way than a stream. It flows directly into Disons Creek.
See Exhibit fi for an approximate location of this drainage way.
' Disons Creek is approximately 585 feet from the Riverside Farm lagoon system and approximately
525 feet from the edge of the closest cleared crop field. Disons Creek makes up the eastern border
of the farm parcel. During dry times Disons Creek has only a very small flow but it is a solid blue
' line stream on USGS quad maps. Disons Creek is a Class C water supply from its origin to its
intersection with Little River. A Class C water supply's best usage for which it must be protected is
' defined as "aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and
agriculture". The Little River (Little River is a flowing body of water) is approximately 0.45 miles
from the farm property boundary in a straight line. The down -slope hydraulic path from the farm to
' the river is roughly 2 miles. Little River is a class C water supply near the farm. No towns are know
to get their water from the Little River immediately down stream from the farm site.
' The discharge of swine effluent to the surface waters of N.C, is prohibited. Therefore no effluent
should be allowed to make its way into the nearby streams and rivers. While no intensive animal
farming operation is immune from wastewater discharge accidents (including inactive farms with
' stored animal waste), adhering to the safety guidelines within this document and careful management
should greatly minimize any such accidents. A sudden dam breach causing a significant release of
effluent is very unlikely but existing dam evaluations are beyond the scope of this document. Since
' no waste is being generated inside the houses, there is not as much potential for accidental spillage.
In a discharge event, the effluent would be very dilute prior to it reaching any public water supply
' intakes. While the effects of any such occurrence is serious, the engineer believes any major threat to
a drinking water supply is minimal and would not have dramatic and prolonged effects on the
' availability of the drinking water supply. Municipal water intakes would be more than 10 miles away
from the farm (downstream). Stream aquatic life would be in jeopardy associated with any large and
sudden release of swine effluent especially if the discharge would occur at dry times when stream
flows are small (i.e. reference to the 1997 release and subsequent small fish kill). The extent of such
' an accident would depend on the quantity and quality of the effluent.

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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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A state park called Town Creek Indian Mound lies approximately 2.6 miles from the farm due south.
This park is south of prevailing winds which are typically from the southwest blowing to the
northeast. The engineer does not think the park is greatly threatened by a spill or by odors from the
farm. SR# 1543 goes by the farm but is not designated a N.C. Scenic By -Way.
Animal Waste Related Set -Backs Or Butlers
There are numerous regulations related to set -backs and buffers from intensive livestock operations.
Unfortunately these values are subject to rapid change due to legislation, making them hard to
always follow. The engineer has made an attempt to list the appropriate set -backs below according
to the .0200 regulations, General Statue 106 (Senate Bill 1080), Senate Bill 1217, House Bill 515,
etc. as of this report date.
Tables 1 and 2 show various buffers or set -backs that apply to swine and dairy operations. Table 2
shows,minimum distances from wetted areas, usually from irrigation. The reader should note that the
set -backs shown are dependent on the time the farm was sited. Riverside Farm has been in business
for many years (thought to be over 14 years). In other words, the swine facility was officially sited
before 1995. Wind conditions, neighbor activities, crop growth, temperatures, etc, may require that
buffers be increased. The grower must be particularly careful to avoid spray drift if irrigating on
windy days.
TABLE 1
"FACILITY SET -BACKS" FOR NEW OR EXPANDING OPERATIONS
FACILITY SET -BACKS FROM --
SWINE
COWS
Residences farms existing before 4-15-87
300 feet
300 feet
Residences farms sited before 10-1-95
750 feet
750 feet
Residences farms sited after 10-1-95
1,500 feet
750 feet
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic
areas parks, etc. farms existing before 4-15-87
300 feet
300 feet
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic
areas parks, etc. farms sited before 10-1-95
750 feet
750 feet
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic
areas 2arks, etc. farms sited after 10-1-95
2,500 feet
750 feet
Property lines.
• Farms sited before 10-1-95
• Farms sited between 10-1-95 & 10-1-96
• Farms sited after 10-1-96
100 feet?
100 feet
500 feet
100 feet?
100 feet?
100 feet?
Blue Line Streams USGS Quad. Ma s
100 feet
100 feet
Water wells serving the farm property
100 feet
100 feet
Water wells not serving the farm 2r2perty
500 feet
100 feet
100 year flood plain
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
? = This setback has not been confirmed, but it is considered a good recommendation.
Facilities would include the confinement houses, feed bins, lagoon, lagoon dam, etc. Access roads,
stormwater control devices (i.e. grass water ways), irrigation fields, piping, etc. are not part of the
facilities under the above set -back limitations according to the engineer's understanding. However

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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
the grower should refer to legal counsel and/or regulatory agencies to confirm these opinions since
' there is much regulatory confusion about such matters.
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TABLE 2
"WASTE APPLICATION SET -BACKS" FOR ANIMAL OPERATIONS ( NEW AND EXISTING)
WASTE APPLICATION SET -BACKS FROM —
SWINE
COWS
Residences or occu ied dwellings
200 feet
200 feet
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic
200 feet
200 feet
areas arks etc.
Any property line not owned by the farm (except as
No Specification (50 ft.
No Specification (25 ft.
shown below)
recommended, more is
recommended, more is
better)
better
Any property line with an occupied dwelling on that
adjacent property.
• Farm sited before 10-1-95 ...........................
0 feet (more is better)
No Specification (25 ft.
• Farm sited between 10-1-95 & 8-27-97........
50 feet
recommended, more is .
• Farm sited or expanded after 8-27-97 .........
75 feet
better)
• S2ray fields put in lace after 8-27-97 .
75 fist.
Public roads and right-of-ways +
25 feet recommended?
25 feet recommended?
Shallow drainage ditches or grass water ways ++
0 ft use extreme caution
0 ft use extreme caution
litigation ditches or canals(flowing or usual/ full
25 ft more is better)_25
ft more is better
Perennial Streams (i.e. Blue Line Streams from USGS
Quad. Maps) other than an irrigation ditch or Canal
• Farms sited before 10-1-95 ..........................
25 feet (100 ft is better)
25 feet (100 feet is
• Farms sited between 10-1-95 & 8-27-97.......
50 feet (100 ft is better)
recommended)
• Farm sited or expanded after 8-27-97 .........
75 feet (100 ft is better)
• Spray fields put in place after 8-27-97 ..........
75 feet (100 ft is better)
Water wells serving the farm r e
100 feet
100 feet
Water wells not serving the farm propeq
100 feet
100 feet
100 yor flood plain
Allowed but use caution
Allowed but use caution—
? = This setback has not been confirmed, but it is considered a good recommendation.
' + = Typical right-of-ways from secondary roads in NC are 30 feet from the center line of the road. This
means to stay 25 feet -away from the right of way or a total of 55 feet from the center line of the road. The
engineer would suggest a buffer of at least 75 feet from public road right-of-ways if using big gun irrigation to
' avoid unpleasant accidents, especially in windy conditions. Twenty five feet is recommended if using a "honey
wagon" to broadcast near public road right-of-ways.
++ = A light application of effluent over grass water ways to maintain a good grass cover is acceptable. This
' is different from deep groundwater lowering ditches. Use good judgment and plan this type of activity away
from rain events. Do not irrigate in wet lands if avoidable. Do not heavily apply waste in valleys which are
subject to high rainfall run off or in wet weather drainage ways. 100 feet buffers from perennial water (i.e.
blue line streams) are recommended by the engineer for all fields where waste is to be applied (if applicable).
Miscellaneous Site Details
' There are no dwellings, structures, or bridges between the anaerobic lagoon and the nearest creek or
branch. Disons Creels does pass under SR # 1543 toward the southern end of the farm parcel.
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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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In North Carolina the prevailing winds are typically from the south-west blowing to the north-east.
There are no high density residential developments, hospitals, schools, or parks immediately north
east of the Riverside Farm parcel but some individual dwellings do exist in the nearby community.
The land application of waste should not be inhibited by these nearby dwellings as long as all
precautions and safeguards are followed.
From limited observation, the engineer did not observe any unusual natural or archeological features
at this farm parcel where waste is to be applied. No endangered or threatened wildlife species were
noted.
Animal Waste Descriptions and Related Information
Anaerobically treated swine effluent was once stored in the Riverside Farm multi -stage lagoon
system. These lagoons are now predominately filled with rain water. There is likely some sludge
accumulation in one or more of the lagoons, but this has not been measured. The accumulated rain
water/effluent is scheduled for application on the crops at Riverside Farm. Future sludge removal
events (if ever needed) will be scheduled at that time. Since off -site sludge applications will be site
specific, its removal and associated land application details are not part of this CAWW.
TABLE 3
General Swine Farm Data For Riverside Farm
Type of facility
No animals on this farm
Original farm siting_Before
1995
Number of head
0
Average head wei t
NA
Total SSLW
NA
Latest lagoon construction completed
Unknown
Number of lagoons
4
La oon for storing excess water
Fourth stage
Future ex ansion plans
Unsure at this time
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RIVERSIDE FARM LAGOON SYSTEM.
General
The Riverside Farm lagoon system is not new. EES was not part of the original lagoon design or
construction efforts at this farm and does not have any of the original design documentation. This
farm has a multiple stage anaerobic lagoon system. All wastewater used to go directly into the first
stage lagoon by gravity. Water then flows via gravity into each of the next 3 stages. Eventually
wastewater is irrigated out of the fourth lagoon on to growing crops. All liquid accumulations are
rain water only.
An in-depth discussion on the lagoon system design, treatment volumes, etc. are not being presented
below since the farm is not in operation. The Riverside Farm lagoons are being used to store rain
water only, not to treat lagoon effluent. Thus only the facts about the lagoon system water storage
will be discussed herein. The reader can see a sketch of the lagoon system at Riverside on Exhibit 6.

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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The fourth stage lagoon has been staked to show the minimum and maximum water levels, but these
stakes may need to be adjusted per this CAWMP.
Rainfall Storage
Excess water or rainfall accumulation will be stored in the last stage lagoon and eventually spray
irrigated on crops. Naturally the farmer will not desire to irrigate every day or every week. Likewise
there will be time periods when the weather will not permit responsible irrigation. This requires there
to be storage volume maintained in the lagoon system to give the farmer safety and flexibility in the
irrigation routine. In North Carolina the time period for this part of the design can vary between
three and six months or occasionally less if intensive waste management is used.
Table 4 shows a water balance table for Montgomery County. This is being used instead of typical
NRCS data for excess water accumulation since there are no hogs at this farm.
TABLE 4
Rainfall and Evaporation Estimates for Montgomery County
MONTH
AVERAGE
RAINFALL
(inches) (Mt.
Gilead, NC) a
AVERAGE
A.E.T.
(inches)
(Charlotte,
NC)
#
ESTIMATED
POND
EVAPORATION
MULP. FACTOR+
MULP. FACTOR
FOR DAIRIES
++
ESTIMATED
RAINFALL
SURPLUS
(DEFICIT)
(inches)
A
B
C
D
E
A B"C*D
JANUARY *
3.20
0.93
1.0
1.0
2.27
FEBRUARY *
3. l6
1.40
1.0
1.0
1.76
MARCH *
3.61
2.48
1.0
Lo
1.13
APRIL
3.59
3.60
1.0
1.0
-0,01
MAY
2.87
4.65
1.0
1.0
-1.78
JUNE
3.78
5.10
1.0
1,0
-1.32
JULY
5.72
4,96
1.0
1.0
0.76
AUGUST
4.58
4,34
1.0
1.0
0.24
SEPTEMBER
4.00
3.30
1.0
1.0
0,70
OCTOBER *
2.66
2,17
1.0
1.0
0.49
NOVEWER*
2.76
1.20
1.0
1.0
1.56
DECEMBER* 1
3.29
0.62
1.0
1,0
2.67
TOTALS 1
43.22
34.75
8.47
@ Precipitation values were taken from "Weather and Climate in North Carolina." Updates! in 1971.
# A.E.T. values were taken from "Table 5-3, NC Cooperative Extension Training Manual AG-538-A).
A.E.T. means Actual Evapo-Transporation.
+ This column is an estimate of the pond evaporation as a percentage of Actual Evapo-Transporation or
A.E.T. It is a best guess and will vary from year to year. 'Phis is only an estimated average.
++ This multiplication factor is being used to reduce the A.E.T. estimate for a pond or lagoon which is
normally covered by an organic layer or crust (such as with a dairy). Uncovered ponds like hog lagoons
without a crust have a higher evaporation rate. The Riverside Farm lagoons are not covered.
* Indicates the largest 6 month series of rainwater accumulations.

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
1
1
From Table 4, the highest six month rainfall accumulations are the months of October through
March. This total is 9.88 inches (from column E). During warm months, the lagoons will probably
loose volume due to evaporation. This maximum six month rainfall accumulation will be used for
design.
The estimated drainage areas serving the four lagoons are estimated below. Keep in mind that most
of the stormwater falling near the lagoons is routed around them and is not allowed to accumulate
inside the structures. Table 5 shows estimates of these lagoon areas and associated stormwater.
volumes for the six month storage needs.
TABLE 5
Six Month Rainfall Accumulations In The Waste StoraLwe Ponds
LAGOON
TOTAL SURFACE
HIGHEST SIX
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
WHERE
AREA DRAINING
MONTH RAINFALL
ACRE -IN
ACRE -FT
CUBIC
GALLONS
STORAGE
INTO THIS
SURPLUS FROM
FEET
TAKES
LAGOON*
TABLE 4 (INCHES)
PLACE
ACRES
# 4
1.43
9.88
14.128
1.177
51,270
383 500
* This includes the pond surfaces of up -slope lagoons and any direct addition into the pond from normal rainfall
events. Lagoon acres are approximately: # 1 = 0.24 ac, # 2 = 0.25 ac, # 3 = 0.48 ac, and # 4 = 0.46 ac. This does not
include rainfall run-off water from outside the lagoon since it is usually diverted by earthen embankments and grass
water ways.
Table 5 shows values for generalized climatological data. However this data can vary greatly with
seasons and unusual weather conditions (remember we do have hurricanes in NC as well as unusually
wet months). The engineer thinks the tabular values are acceptable to use if the lagoon is uncovered
and mostly free of floating organic mats and crust.
' Storage Of The First 25 Year - 24 Hour Storm
' At any time in North Carolina there may occur a severe rain producing storm which can deposit
considerable amounts of water quickly. The standard storm surge allowed in lagoon design is the 25
year - 24 hour rainfall event. This storm event is historically different between the Mountains,
' Piedmont, and Coastal plain and can even vary between neighboring cities. The 25 year - 24 hour
storm used for this farm. This value must be considered above the 6 month storage volumes.
Climatic data from the U.S. Weather Bureau was available to give the designer reasonably accurate
' information about such rainfall events. The 25 year - 24 hour storm for the Mount Gilead area is 6.3
inches.
' There Should Be No Surface Run -Off From Surrounding Areas Allowed To Enter The
Lagoon System. All Run -Off Shall Be Diverted Around The Lagoon Via Earthen
Embankments, Grass Water Ways, Or Similar Water Diversion Techniques.
' TABLE 6
Estimated Volume For One 25 Year - 24 Hour Severe Storm!
LAGOON
TOTAL SURFACE
RAINFALL FROM
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
WHERE
AREA DRAINING
THE 25 YR. - 24 HR.
ACRE -IN
ACRE -FT
CUBIC
GALLONS
STORAGE
INTO THIS
STORM (INCHES)
FEET
TAKES
LAGOON*
PLACE
ACRES
44
1.43
6.3
9,009
0.751
32,714
244,701
G.

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
Storage Of The Second 25 Year - 24 Hour Storm (Sometimes Called Normal Freeboard)
' For animal waste lagoons, normal freeboard is defined as the added depth needed for containment of
a second 25 year-24 hour storm event. This value would be the same as was used for the first storm
event.
tTABLE 7
Estimated Volume For The Second 25 Year - 24 Hour Severe Storm:
Second Storm Storage 1 244,701 gallons
1
1
1
1
Emergency Freeboard
Emergency freeboard is the extra depth added to a lagoon for safety against a random embankment
overflow or dam washout. This extra depth is a safety measure and prevents water from spilling
over the dam, resulting in dam erosion and complete or partial dam failure. This amount of added
depth is usually selected to be 1 foot but can be 2 feet in some cases. This freeboard is between the
top of any emergency overflow and the top of the dam.
Riverside Farm Fourth Stage Lagoon Emergency Freeboard: 1 foot
Since emergency overflow discussions have no bearing on animal waste utilization, no additional
detail on emergency overflow design will be given herein.
High Water Markers for Liquid Levels
As required by regulation, the farmer shall install a permanent pole or metered stick or stakes inside
the lagoon or waste storage pond so the operator can tell at a glance the current water level and
volume inside the lagoon. At this farm there will only need to be a marker at the "pump on" level.
The "pump off" level can be where the operator desires. The "pump on" level is below the allowance
for any storm surges. Important lagoon water levels are shown below in Table 8.
TABLES
Annraximnte Levels Tn Stake Inside The I,a¢nnn
START PUMPING BY HERE TO
STOP PUMPING ABOUT HERE -
RESERVE ROOM FOR TWO 25 YEAR
SIX MONTH STORAGE BEGINS
- 24 HOUR STORMS
(FEET BELOW OVERFLOW)
(FEET BELOW OVERFLOW)
La ooci #4 1
3,8 feet ++
8.2 feet
++ = Storage for two 25 Year - 24 hour storms available between here and overflow. Please
remember, the emergency overflow is normally NOT the top of the dam.
10

r
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
1
1,
1
1
1
1
1
1
TABLE 9
DESIGN SUMMARY FOR THE STORAGE LAGOON AT RIVERSIDE FARM
Added Liquid
Depth (Feet)
Liquid Depth
From Bottom Of
Lagoon (Feet)
Added Volume
(Gallons)
Total Volume
(Gallons)
Sludge
0
0.00
0
0
Extra Storage Capacity ++
2.8
2.80
195880
195,880
Six Month Storage Volume
4.4
7.20
383 500
579,380
Surface Inflow
0
7.20
0
579,380
Misc. Added Water
0
7.20
0
579,380
First 25 Year - 24 Hour Storm
2.1
9.30
244,701
824,081
Normal Freeboard (second
storm
1.7
11.00
244,701
1,068,782
EmergenRy Freeboard
1.0
12.00
NIA
NIA
Totals
----
12.00
-------
1,068 782 f/-
++ Since there is no minimum design volume required for this rain water storage structure, the operator could
use this extra storage for containment. Or it can be used to trap sediment or retain old sludge.
CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR RIVERSIDE FARM
Odor Control And Lagoon Management (apply as needed)
Note: Much of this document's text and exhibits are directly or indirectly related -to odor control.
Likewise, common sense plays a very important part of any odor control program. The below list of
items is not intended to be all inclusive. Please refer to all information related to this farm, including
suggestions made in the attached exhibits. Remember, there are no hogs at Riverside Farm so most
odor control suggestions relate only to maintenance. See Exhibit 17 for an odor control checklist.
1. Use common sense and constant observations to prevent Iagoon upsets.
2. The lagoon wastewater shall be tested to determine its nutrient content prior to land applications.
This shall be done at least 3 times per year. In addition, the waste shall be tested within 60 days
of the start of a major application event, such as the start of spring irrigation. Send effluent and
sludge samples to the N. C. Department of Agriculture, Plant, Waste, and Tissue Lab, 4300
Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, N.C. 27607, phone [phone]. Plant or crop tissue samples
can also be sent for regular analysis. Contact the local Cooperative Extension Service for
additional details and phone numbers. Keep in nand that sludge applications will likely alter
routine liquid application rates so do not -confuse sludge and slurry applications with liquid
effluent. A CAWMP must be obtained before applying sludge. See Exhibit 9 for waste sampling
instructions.
3. Keep grasses and vegetation out of the lagoon. Permanent floating organic mats are not likely to
occur on swine lagoons. Such mats will not interfere with performance but should be removed
to help control odor and insects. Animal health consumables, rubber gloves, plastic bags, and
trash tend to accumulate in lagoons and should be cleaned out regularly. Keep it neat!
4. Lagoon water levels should be lowered before the on -set of wet weather seasons and in
accordance with on -farm crop needs. Leave plenty of room for heavy rainfalls or long wet
11

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
seasons, Review freeboard requirements and keep enough freeboard for the appropriate storm
' surges.
5. Regularly inspect the lagoon dam, and earthen embankments for settling or bulges, side slope
stability, rodent damage, jug holes or pock marks, erosion scars, wave action damage, weeping,
' etc. Weeds should be mown at least one time per year and two times per year in heavy growth
years so the operator can see problems before they get serious. Do not allow bush or woody
vegetation to grow on earthen dikes.
' 6. Do not drive vehicles across emergency spillways. Keep the spillway clear of limbs, tall plant
growth, logs, floating debris, sedimentation, etc. Watch for erosion and settling.
7. Animal grazing on dams and embankments can cause problems and is not allowed.
' 8. Inspect all dams, earthen embankments, and emergency spillways at least two times per year or
after every significant storm event. The owner/operator shall keep a written record on all
inspections, maintenance and repairs done on the lagoon and or dam.
' 9. Lagoons with floors below the seasonably high water table should maintain the water levels in the
lagoon at or slightly above the seasonably high level.
10. Always maintain at least I foot of freeboard in lagoons with pump systems. If pump units are not
owned by the farmer where he/she has control of the use of the pump then the farmer should
maintain at least a 2 feet freeboard. Follow the guidelines of your CAWMP.
1 I. Try to avoid large rapid liquid level reductions inside the lagoon. Always observe the inside dam
' sides for possible liner sloughing during rapid liquid draw -downs. Repair damaged lagoon liners
immediately. Try to keep draw down no more than 12 inches in 24 hours.
' 12. Emergency spillways should be kept clear of trash and debris. A good grass cover should be
maintained at and down slope of emergency spillways.
13. Once new lagoons are constructed and ready for filling, it is very important to first add water to
the lagoon prior to adding swine manure. The owners should be careful to add water to a new
lagoon until at least one half of the lagoon design treatment volume is achieved before adding
swine manure. In first stage lagoons the operator should always strive to maintain a liquid depth
of about 6 feet (does not apply to storage only ponds). Initial water addition to the lagoon shall
be from water wells on the farm or from nearby creeks, but if storm water run-off can be easily
added to the, lagoon it may be added in place of well water. Do not allow lagoon side wails to
' become eroded when filling.
14. Research literature suggests a pH of 7.5 to 8.0 be maintained in an anaerobic swine lagoon to
obtain optimum treatment conditions and minimize odors. During lagoon start-up the acid
' forming bacteria will tend to populate faster then the methane forming bacteria and can lower the
overall pH of the lagoon water. If this occurs, the owner/operator should add hydrated lime to
the lagoon at a rate of 1 pound per 1000 cubic feet of water. The lime can be applied to the
' surface of the lagoon and mixed into the surface waters until a proper pH is obtained. Start
adjusting the pH if the lagoon water drops to or below a pH of 6.7.
15. The only way to accurately estimate the volume of sludge in an anaerobic lagoon is to take
' measurements. This can be done by using a "sludge judge" or a variety of other measuring
devices. Measure sludge accumulation at least one time every 2 years. Plan sludge removal
' events as desired by the farmer in accordance with a certified waste utilization plan which
addresses sludge, weather conditions, etc. PLAN AHEAD!
16. Avoid unnecessary agitation of the lagoon when not irrigating. This will help control odors.
' Take measures to allow water to flow into the lagoon in a gentle fashion instead of splashing or
cascading (if applicable). Inlet piping should be placed below water surface as long as the water
12

Riverside Farm CAWW - Fcb 2000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
inside the houses will drain out fully. Extreme care should be used when filling the lagoon so as
to avoid eroding a scar into the side of the lagoon and exposing undesirable soils. Use temporary
flexible drainage pipe if necessary to transfer waste to the liquid surface, Flexible pipe can be left
in lagoon.
17. The terminal end of effluent piping should extend just under the water surface. If the pipe outlets
are under water and the pipes are air tight the pipes should be equipped with vapor traps and
vents to prevent gasses from moving back toward the confinement houses. Clean out ports
should also be provided for each set of pipes. USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN
INSTALLING PIPES ACROSS FILL MATERIAL SUCH AS A DAM. CONSULT THE
ENGINEER OR MRCS BEFORE DIGGING.
18, Lagoon start-ups are best done in warm weather, particularly in the northern climates. This is
less important in southern states. Careful consideration to pH and gradual start-up loadings can
help off -set cool weather start-ups.
19. Irrigation pump intakes should be a close to 18 inches below the lagoon liquid surfaces. Make
sure your waste samples are representative of what you are irrigating.
20. Take extreme care to select optimum conditions for spray irrigation of wastewater and sludge
removal events. Careful planing will help minimize odors. Irrigate wastewater in dry warm
weather if possible, preferably before 12 noon. Avoid weekend and holiday irrigation unless
absolutely necessary. Try to irrigate when wind is not blowing toward neighbors.
21. New products are being developed to help minimize odors from swine operations. The
owner/operator may utilize such products but these should only be utilized according to
manufacture's recommendations and with caution. Many of these products do not reduce odors
and are a waste of money. Rapid additions of enzymes or chemicals could cause microbial
upsets.
22. In North Carolina prevailing winds blow from the southwest toward the northeast, however they
can blow from any direction at any time (see Table 10). Plant or maintain trees on the west and
southwest side of the farm to act as a wind break. Plant trees between irrigation fields and
neighbors or public highways. Avoid spraying on windy days or when the wind is blowing
toward nearby neighbors.
TABLE 10
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA BY SEASON
SEASON
MEAN RESULTANT SURFACE WIND
DIRECTION
Mid S rin Aril
south-west blowing
to the north-east
Mid Summer Jul
south-south-west blowing
to the north-north-east
Mid Autumn October
north-north-east blowing
to the south-south-west
Mid Winter Janu
west blowing
to the east
Avera a for Year
south-west blowing
to the north-east
* Source of this table is Climatography of the United States Series 82, Decennial Census of the
United States Climate, -- Summary of Hourly Observations, 1951-60 (Table B).
13

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Riverside Farm CAWNT - Feb 2000
Odor Control And Air Quality Regulations
' The NC Environmental Management Commission (EMC) adopted temporary odor rules in February
1999. Permanent rules are scheduled to be adopted within the year. Most of these rules are
mentioned in the above section but are being shown separate for emphasis. These rules are listed
' below for the farmer's information. Some of this does not apply to Riverside Farm.
1. The discharge point of the flush water discharge pipe shall extend to a point below the surface of
' the animal wastewater lagoon.
2. The carcasses of dead animals shall be properly stored at all times and disposed of within 48
hours.
' 3. Spray irrigation activities of wastewater can not be allowed to drift beyond the farm boundary
except for the purposes of maintaining a safe lagoon freeboard. This would be an emergency
situation. Farmers must contact the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) in emergency situations
rand before irrigating effluent during storms.
4. Animal wastewater application spray system intakes shall be located near the liquid surface of the
' animal wastewater lagoon. In other words they can not be located more than 18 inches below
the surface.
5. Ventilation fans shall be maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications.
' 6. Animal feed storage containers located outside of animal containment buildings shall be covered
except when necessary to remove feed.
7. Animal wastewater flush tanks shall be covered with a device that is designed for ready access to
' prevent overflow or shall have installed a fill pipe that extends below the surface of the tank's
wastewater.
' Insect Control And Mortality Management
Insect control is an important aspect of the day to day operation of a swine production facility and
assists the farmer in being a "good neighbor". Below is a list to consider in an insect control
' program. Also refer to Exhibit 18 for an insect control check list. Apply as needed to Riverside.
' 1. The farmer shall at all times strive to keep weeds and tall grass from growing uncontrolled
around the lagoons. Good weed control will help minimize insect problems.
2. Keep large floating mats of leaves, trash, and debris cleaned out from the lagoon. These mats
' can tend to form a habitat for insects and flies. Dispose of all organic materials and trash in
containers or dumpsters.
3. Keep all grass mown, especially around houses and lagoons.
' 4. Keep all spilled feed and piles of grain cleaned up.
5. Follow crop stalk and root destruction programs where applicable. Follow all BMPs. for crop
production.
6. Small pools of water can develop around a farm due to equipment traffic, etc. Keep these
depressions filled so water does not stand for long periods. A "dry" and manicured farm
discourages insect breeding.
' 7. The farmer should consult with the local Cooperative Extension Service to discuss an integrated
pest management program. Incorporate the use of pesticides and herbicides as needed for insect
control.
8. Employ good housekeeping!
14
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1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
9. Manure tends to pack into the corners of pits and can cause excessive odors and insects.
Regularly inspect pits, sump areas, pit walls, etc. for caked manure. Use a high pressure hose to
' wash out caked manure areas.
10. Remove crusted solids from lagoons, pits, and channels.
' 11. Fly traps which lure flies to them with an attractant well if enough of them are used around a
farm, especially if the animal waste is not allowed to sit undisturbed in corners of pits or in hard
to reach places. Hang such traps where they will not be damaged by the animals or by machinery
' and where they can be maintained. Make sure all manure buildup is disturbed every 7 days to
break the fly breeding cycle.
12. Since there are no hogs at Riverside Farm, they do not need a mortality management program.
' General Sediment, Nutrient And Run -Off Control Suggestions (use as needed)
1, The off -site discharge of animal waste is prohibited. Surface waters of the state can not
' be impacted by animal waste. In the future the farmer shall at all times take whatever means
necessary to control soil erosion on the farm and prevent sediment or nutrient transport off -site.
The farmer should use terraces, grass strips, grass buffer zones, farming on the contour, silt
' fencing, rock dams, etc. in order to control erosion and run-off. However, erosion control
design is beyond the scope of this waste utilization package. A qualified technical specialist can
' assist in developing a long term sediment and erosion control plan if requested by the farmer.
2. The up -slope sides of all lagoons shall have sufficiently sized stormwater diversion embankments
across their length to convey rainfall run-off to the sides or around the ponds. Rainfall run-off
' from the buildings should be diverted away from the pond area if possible.
3. After any soil disturbance and/or final grading takes place, the farmer shall establish permanent
vegetation around the confinement houses, lagoon dams, and waste application fields. The
farmer shall maintain good covers with mowing and fertilizing. Annually collect soil samples for
analysis and follow fertilizer and lime recommendations. Fertilize and lime native grasses around
' the site and keep existing ground cover in tact as much as possible. Maintain natural water ways
and ditches. Plant new cover grasses as necessary. See Exhibit 8 for soil sampling and plant
tissue sampling instructions.
' 4. Repair mulch and seed beds as necessary if areas of dead grass develop or erosion scars occur.
5. Use pesticides and herbicides only as a last resort to keep grass stands healthy. Use good
' housekeeping techniques to control insects along with or instead of pesticides.
b. Shrubs and/or trees should not be planted closer than 30 feet to lagoons and never on earthen
dams.
7. Leave grasses a little long just going into the typical dormant season for the type of grass you
have. Leave grasses long in buffer areas and in grass water ways.
Personal Safety Considerations Around Lagoons
' (This section is being repeated here for emphasis. The same information can be found innumerous
other documents developed for Little River Farm and Riverside Farm)
Fencing around lagoons is an option to the farmer if trespassing is a problem. If the public or
children will have access to the lagoon area, it is a good idea to have a stock tight fence installed
15
1

1
Riverside Farm CAWNW - Feb 2000
around the lagoon perimeter. Clear warning signs should be installed around lagoons and be
' visible from all sides of a lagoon. Unauthorized persons should be kept away from the
lagoon area.
2. The owners should install throw type safety devices within easy access from at least 2 places
around a lagoon in the event of a drowning accident. Safety ropes should also be kept nearby.
At least one person at the farm should have water rescue training. Any person using a boat on
the Iagoon must wear a life preserver and have a helper standing on shore in case of an
' emergency. All farm personnel should have first aid and safety training.
3. Animal manures produce gasses as their solids decompose. Agitation of lagoon solids or
t agitation of under slat liquids can cause large amounts of gasses to be released quickly. The
owners should be aware that certain gasses are colorless and odorless and can cause asphyxiation
and death under severe circumstances (usually in confined spaces and not as likely around a
lagoon). It is doubtful gas concentrations would approach explosive levels, but the owners
should be aware of such possibilities in confined spaces. Employees should be warned about
such dangers and trained in dealing with such matters. The primary types of gases produced by
' animal manure are listed below:
1
I.
TABLE 11
Hydrogen
Sulfide -(MS):
•
The most dangerous of gases produced, especially during manure agitation. This gas is corrosive
to ex osed metal parts,
•
Colorless with distinct odor.
•
Heavier than air, accumulates near the floor,
•
Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 10 parts
per million
•
Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
•
Not readily explosive.
Carbon Dioxide- CO2 :
• Not particularly toxic in normal concentrations. Large quantities can be released during manure
agitation. Not particularly corrosive.
• Colorless and odorless.
• Heavier than air, accumulates near the floor.
• Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 5,000 parts
per million
• Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
• Not readily explosive.
16

1
Riverside Farm CAWW - Feb 2000
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
TABLE II (continued}
Methane- CH4
• The most explosive of gases produced, especially during manure agitation. Not extremely toxic
at low levels.
• Colorless and odorless.
• Lighter than air, accumulates near the ceiling.
• Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 1,000 parts
per million
• Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
+ Explosive at concentrations of 50,000 to 150,000 arts er million or 5 - 15
Ammonia-(NH4):.
• Not extremely toxic in lower concentrations. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Can
be released in large quantities especially during manure agitation. Can be corrosive to- exposed
metal parts.
• Colorless with v2a distinct odor.
• Lighter than air, accumulates near the ceiling.
• Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 25 parts
per million
+ Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
+ Not readily explosive.
4. Workers should never go under floor slats unless accompanied by a helper and only if adequate
ventilation is in place. Drain and clean under slat pits at least 8 hours prior to entering in addition
to providing good ventilation. Workers entering confined spaces should follow OSHA guidelines
for such activities.
5. The owner/operator may wish to purchase a portable hand held gas meter for questionable
environmental situations.
6. Beware of spiders and snakes around swine facilities.
7. Workers should attend to cuts and wounds immediately with the proper first aid.
AGRONOMIC PLANS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Soils To Receive Waste
According to the USDA/NRCS soil survey for Montgomery County (Exhibits 4 and 7) the
predominate soils series currently planted in crops at this site are:
1. 475B - Badin - Tatum Complex, 2 to 8 percent slope.
2. 475C - Badin - Tatum Complex, 8 to 15 percent slope.
17

Riverside Farm CAWW - Feb 2000
1
Sail Description
Soil Name............................................................. Badin - Tatum Complex
' Soil Symbol(s)...................................................... 475 B, C,
Average Soil Depth ............................................... 1.5 to 2.5 Feet
' Soil Index Number ................................................ 15 (most probable)
Most Restrictive Permeability Zone ....................... 0.6 in/hr. (approx.)
Maximum Long Duration Application Rate ........... Bare Soil = 0.30 In./Hr. (Avg.)
Maximum Long Duration Application Rate ........... On Crop = 0.35 In./Hr. (Avg.)
Maximum Short Duration Application Rate . , ... , . , ... Depends on duration
Depth Of Moisture Replacement (Hay Crop) ......... 1.5 Feet
' "Design" Moisture Use Rate (Maximum) ............... 0.24 Inches/Day
Maximum Irrigation During Peak ET ...................... Every 3 to 5 Days
Maximum Application Amount .............................. 0.3 to 0.75 inches +
' + Approximate maximum irrigation in one cycle in the piedmont and coastal plain. Usually irrigation
application amounts should be 0.75 inches or less. Highest value assumes a 75% irrigation efficiency
' and would only be possible in hot and dry weather conditions on slopes less than 8 %. Steeper slopes
or cool weather applications will require less intensive irrigation. Application amounts of fresh water
may be higher.
' Note: Most the above soil description was take om the NR S Technical side Section II-G
N t of e ptr n fr C guide,
' (Sprinkler Irrigation Guide) and deal with freshwater. Certain items have been modified for
animal waste per the engineer's opinion.
' Annual Excess Wastewater Production
The total annual wastewater to be irrigated from Riverside Farm must be estimated analytical test
data since there are no animals at Riverside. For Riverside Farm the annual rain water accumulation
to be irrigated can be estimated from the sum of column E of Table 4. However, to be conservative
the engineer is simply doubling the six month maximum rainfall for this estimate.
' One year of water accumulation for irrigation is 2 x 383,500 gallons or 767,000 gallons.
1 On -Farm Nutrient Production From Animal Manure And Its Use On Agricultural Crops
There is no more important task in the utilization of animal waste than to properly apply it on a
' particular crop at rates which the plants can utilize. Over application can cause nutrients to be
washed off to surface water or leached into ground water, and under application can result in a poor
crop growth, lower yields, etc.. Proper application amounts are known as "agronomic rates". The
' proper agronomic rates can vary from season to season, by crop types, by soil types, by topography,
by short term weather conditions, etc. These values are not to be confused with potential hydraulic
loadings. Hydraulic loadings will be discussed in another section. The key factor to remember is to
' not apply nutrients to crops in excess of their ability to utilize these nutrients or in excess of water
(hydraulic) acceptance rates. Do not be _confused and think that there_ is only one nutrient application_
rate for a varticular crop. Nutrient awlication will vary as mentioned above.
18
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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
Once raw animal waste is collected and stored it starts going through microbial digestion. Anaerobic
lagoons are especially good at breaking down solids and nutrients in raw manure. The microbes in
all digestion processes consume some nutrients in their metabolism and help reduce the nutrient value
of the raw manure. Anaerobically digested animal manure contains nitrogen as well as other
' macronutrients such as calcium, phosphorous, potassium, etc. In addition the effluent contains
many micronutrients such as copper, zinc, iron, etc. Currently only nitrogen is considered as the
limiting nutrient factor for the land application of animal waste, but in the future other nutrients may
' become the limiting components, especially if they are found in large quantities within the waste.
The farmer must perform annual soil tests for potassium, phosphorous, copper, zinc, sodium, etc.
The farmer should always be aware of the total nutrient composition of his/her waste and always
' look at other nutrients besides nitrogen since these can seriously effect crop health. Some discussion
about nutrients and metals will be given in this plan. Below the reader will find estimated nutrient
amounts expected to be produced from the swine waste. These values are subject to change with
' future waste analyses.
Nitrogen
' Nitrogen is a fundamental part of all life on earth. It is used in relatively large amounts by most
living things. Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere (in a gas form) but is
relatively rare in rocks, minerals, and soils. Atmospheric nitrogen is very stable and not readily plant
available. Organisms will use up nitrogen quickly in a natural setting, thus making it relatively scarce.
Under natural conditions nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant production. Most plants
' respond more to nitrogen applications than to other types of nutrients. Plants must have nitrogen in
the inorganic form (i.e. nitrate and ammonia ions) for assimilation. However we often find nitrogen
in a gas form (i.e. atmospheric N) or in organic form (i.e. like in animal waste). Neither the gas form
' or the organic form is readily available to plants. It must first be converted to an inorganic form.
Organic nitrogen is most often converted to inorganic forms by microbial action. Nitrogen that is
available in a form plants can use is called Plant Available Nitrogen or P.A.N.
' Nitrogen is essential in chlorophyll production and in the formation of amino acids and proteins. For
crop production, nitrogen can come from commercial fertilize, nitrogen fixing bacteria (legumes), or
' from organic matter like animal waste. Plant Available Nitrogen or P.A.N. in animal waste is usually
estimated by an equation. Many laboratories like NCDA provide P.A.N. estimations for the client
when they perform a waste analysis. P.A.N, can vary from waste sample to waste sample and is
t thus most reliably estimated by using an average of 5 or 6 actual test results. When data is not
available the designer can use some standard design numbers (i.e. book values) such as those issued
by the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service, NRCS publications, etc. Book values are often used if
' there are not at least 6 consecutive waste analyses to average (i.e. 2 per year for 3 years or 3 per year
for 2 years), Actual test data values will be used for Riverside Farm since there is enough test data
to comply with the averaging rules. All nitrogen figures discussed within this report are given as
' P.A.N.
As a word of caution, NCDA waste testing is only as reliable as the care with which the sample is
retrieved. Therefore the person collecting waste samples should take extreme care to collect
representative waste samples, The same would be true for soil sampling. The reader can see Exhibit
' 9 for waste sampling instructions and Exhibit 8 for soil sampling instructions.
19
1

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
1
Fj
1
1
1
Lagoon water from Riverside Farm is the only source of waste that will be applied to the field
completely dedicated to Riverside. Table 12 shows recent nitrogen test data from Riverside Farm
lagoon samples. The waste samples were collected by Purvis Farms employees (also see Exhibit 5).
_Riverside Farm Nitrogen Value „Determination
Number of Head: 0
Type of operation: NA - Closed
Estimation source. NCDA test results. .
Estimated average weight per animal unit: NA
Estimated average excess water production (rainfall added) = 767,000 gallons
Excess water production est. source; NC climate data.
TABLE 12
Estimated P.A.N. Production On Riverside Farm - Annual Totals
DATE OR
TYPE OF
SAMPLE
APPLICATION
TECHNIQUE
P.A.N. PER
UNIT FOR
LIQUID WASTE
(POUNDS PER
1000 GAL)
ESTIMATED
GALLONS OF
EFFLUENT TO
IRRIGATE
ANNUALLY
GALLONS
TOTAL P.A.N.
PRODUCTION
(POUNDS PER YEAR)
10-24-97
Irrigated
0.95
NIA
NIA
1-29-98
Irrigated
0.50
NIA
NIA
6-22-98
Irrigated
0,67
NIA
NIA
9-24-98
Irri ated
0.03
NIA
NIA
2-10-99
Irrigated
0,14
NIA
NIA
4-26-99
Irrigated
0,17
NIA
N/A
7-1-99
Irrigated
0.06
N/A
NIA
12-8-99
Irri ated
0,08
N/A
N/A
Average of
Actual Data
Irrigated
0,33
767,000
253
Copper And Zinc
Heavy metals are usually more concentrated in anaerobic lagoon bio-solids (sludge) than in anaerobic
lagoon effluent. Copper and zinc are trace metals (heavy metals) often found in animal type waste in
small amounts that are of particular interest. Plants must have a limited amount of these metals in
order to thrive. Copper is involved in plant enzyme systems, protein synthesis, seed formation,
chlorophyll production, etc. Zinc is involved in starch formation, protein synthesis, root
development, etc. If applied to soil in high quantities year after year, copper and zinc can accumulate
and may eventually reach high enough levels to become toxic to plants (phytotoxic), Different plants
have different tolerances for these metals. Harmful metal accumulation levels will also depend on the
cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Tables 13 and 14 show these two metals and relative
harmful levels. The land owner or operator should always try to keep the heavy metal levels as low
as possible. MRCS, DWQ, etc. recommends that no more than 1/20 of the lifetime metals allowance
be applied in any one year, especially if the application is an on -going event. Soil test data will show
20

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
existing metal levels and the CEC of the soil. Soil tests for copper and zinc must be taken at least
' annually. See Exhibit 16 for more details about copper and zinc. Table 13 summarizes the most
recent test results in terms of copper and zinc concentrations.
Phosphorus and Potassium
' Phosphorus is found in various concentrations in all types of animal waste, with concentrations
usually higher in anaerobic lagoon sludge as compared to lagoon effluent. Phosphorous is a key
' element to ensure good crop health. Its effect on crop growth is not as dramatic as nitrogen or
potassium, but the lack of it can cause plant stunting, poor seed formation, and reduced crop yields.
Phosphorous levels in animal type waste will vary depending on many factors so testing will always
' be required. Often the operator will land apply phosphorus in amounts beyond what can be taken up
by plants. High phosphorus levels are more of a problem for surface transport to streams than it is a
problem for plants. This is because the phosphorous strongly attaches itself to soil particles,
' Therefore the operator must be very cautious about surface run-off and soil erosion from fields into
streams or creeks. Good buffer strips and erosion controls will help keep phosphorus from getting
into streams. See Exhibit 16 for more details about phosphorus.
' Potassium is also found in animal manure and is a veryimportant element for plant growth. Plants
P P
' use potassium in quantities similar to their use of nitrogen. The lack of potassium can cause plant
stress, defoliation, or death. Potassium is less mobile in soil than nitrogen but more mobile than
potassium. Sandy soils tend to loose potassium more readily than clay soils. Maintaining good soil
' pH and organic matter will help keep potassium from moving below the plant root zone. Potassium
is not thought to be as environmentally damaging as phosphorous. Good buffer strips and erosion
controls will help keep phosphorus from getting into streams from run-off. See Exhibit 16 for more
' details about potassium.
As mentioned above under P.A.N. discussions, Riverside Farm has enough representative manure
samples or test results from which to draw reasonable conclusions about nutrient content. Table 13
summarizes the known test results in terms of phosphorous and potassium concentrations assuming
they will be irrigated.
Sodium
Sodium is a naturally occurring element in many soils. Excessive buildups of sodium in soils from
' land application activities can cause water stress in growing plants. Sometimes sodium can cause
clay particle dispersion if it is not balanced with calcium or magnesium. Clay particle dispersion will
cause the soil surface to become hard and will severely restrict water infiltration and permeability.
' Hi sodium content wastes if land applied, can accumulate sodium in the soil profile and cause the
F� � PP �
' problems mentioned above. Scientists use an equation to evaluate the potential effect of sodium on a
soil that is called the Sodium Adsorption Ration or S.A.R. This ratio looks at a balance between
sodium, calcium and magnesium to see if the ratios are out of balance. This equation is:
SEE S.A.R. EQUATION ON NEXT PAGE
21

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
' 0.5
S.A.R = (Na milli -equivalent) / [(0.5 x (Ca milli -equivalent + Mg milli -equivalent)]
1
Where (from Table 13):
Sodium (Na) concentration is: (101 mg/l) /23 = 4.39 milli -equivalents
Calcium (Ca) concentration is: (62.43 mg/1) / 20 = 3.12 milli -equivalents
Magnesium (Mg) concentration is: (39.55 mg/l) / 12 = 3.3 milli -equivalents
' S.A.R. = (4.39) / [0.5 x (3.12 + 3.3)] 0.5
' S.A.R. = 4.39 / (3.21) 0.5
' S.A.R. = 2.45
In general, a wastewater or sludge with a S.A.R. of 10 or less is usually safe to apply on clay soils.
' Sandy soils do not have as much of a problem with clay dispersion as do clay type soils since the clay
content of sandy soils is obviously less. However, sodium can cause drought conditions for plants
' growing in sandy soils. The waste sample collected for this project (using values from Table 13) has
a S.A.R. of around 2.5. All things considered, sodium does not seem to be a problem at this time.
' Other Elements In The Anaerobic Lagoon Effluent
Exhibit 5 shows additional elements and compounds that were tested by NCDA. The engineer does
' not see significant quantities of these elements that are of concern given the amount of waste
scheduled for application. However, the operator should not be lulled into thinking future test
results will remain the same as shown here. Future test results should always be viewed for
' elevations in heavy metals, sodium, etc. Table 13 shows the remainder of these tested elements and
rough estimations on their quantities in future applications. But remember, these are estimates and
do not substitute for routine testing.
' Table 13 illustrates the annual estimated nutrient amounts expected to be produced from the
Riverside anaerobic lagoon effluent if the assumptions about yearly volumes are correct. This table
' also shows the maximum recommended metal loading in soils based on NCDENR guidelines. Table
14 estimates the amount of selected metals soils can accept without being harmful to plants and
relates these levels to the CEC of the soil. The reader should understand that these are only estimates
' or predictions. Maximum values will actually depend on soil type, soil pH, cropping activity, and the
cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. In the future Riverside Farm should go by the soil test
index on NCDA lab tests to view metal accumulation levels in the soil and compare these values to
' those presented in Tables 13 and 14. See the below section on Soil Test Results for more discussion
on metal loadings and soil test indexes.

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
TABLE 13
I
ESTIMATED ANNUAL WASTE APPLICATION AMOUNTS FOR VARIOUS COMPONENTS
FOUND IN THE RIVERSIDE FARM ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT
1
1
1
NCDA WASTE ANALYSES RESULTS taken between 10-24-97 and 12-8-99
Compound
Averaged
Sample Test
Results +
Gallons of Waste
to Irrigate
Annually
Total Annual Est.
Application Due
To Irrigation
Suggested Marrimum
Soil Loading Rates
(cumulative) ++
Aluminum (Al)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
Not Established
Arsenic (As)
No Data
767,000
No Data
< 37 lbsdacre
Boron (B)*
0.26 mg/L
767,000
1.66 pounds
Not Established
Calcium (Ca)*
62.43 mg1L
767,000
400 pounds
NIA
Cadmium (Cd)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
4A - 17.8 lbs,/acre
Chlorine (Cl)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
Not Established
Chromium (Cr)
No Data
767,000
No Data
< 2,676 lbs./acre
Copper (Cu)*
0.18 mg/L
767,000
1.15 pounds
125 - 500 lbs./acre
Iron (Fe)*
1.91 mg/L
767,000
12.22 pounds
Not Established
Lead (Pb)*
No Data
767,000•
No Data
500 - 2,000 lbs./acre
Lithium (Li)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
Not Established
Magnesium (Mg)*
39.55 mg/L
767,000
253 pounds
Not Established
Manganese (Mn)*
0.44 mg/L
767,000
2.82 pounds
Not Established
Mercury (Hg)
No Data
767,000
No Data
<15 lbs./acre
Molybdenum (Mo)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
<16 lbs./acre
Nickel (Ni)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
125 - 500 lbs./acre
Phosphorous (P)*
38.3 mg/L
767,000
245 pounds
N /A
Potassium (K)*
212 mg/L
767,000
1,357 pounds
N /A
Selenium (Sc)*
No Data
767,000
No Data
< 89 lbs,/acre
Sodium (Na)*
101 mg/L
767,000
646 pounds
Not Established
Sulfur (S)*
21.18 mg/L
767,000
136 pounds
Not Established
Zinc (Zn)*
0.55 mg/L
767,000
3.52 pounds
250 - 1,0001bs./acre
* = These elements or compounds are reportable values on the NCDA Waste Analysis Report sheets.
+ = These values are shown for irrigation since that will be the likely manner of application. They are total
values not necessarily plant available. Some of each element will be used by each year's crop. These values
are averaged based on the test data available.
++ = This column is shown for general ggidance only, Maximum values will actually depend on soil type, soil
A and the cation exchange capacity (CEQ of the soil. See Table 14 for potential phytotoxic problem levels
for copper and zinc. Sources are EPA and NCDA.
N / A = Not applicable or no published toxic limits for this element.
23

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
1
TABLE 14
RECOMMENDED CUMULATIVE LIMITS FOR METALS OF MAJOR CONCERN APPLIED TO
AGRICULTURAL CROP LAND
Soil Cation
Exchange Ca aci me 1100 +
<5
5to15
>15
Metal
k a
lb/ac
k a
lb/ac
kg/ha
IN=
Lead(Pb)560
500
1,120
1,000
2,240
2,000
Zinc Zn
290
250
560
500
1,120
1,000
Co er Cu
140
125
280
250
560
Soo
Nickel(Ni)140
125
280
250
560
1 500
Cadmium Cd
5
4.4
10
9
20
1 17.8
+ Ref: USDA and EPA adopted guidelines, 1977. Soil should be maintained at 6.5 or above.
' Tables 13 and 14 show potential problem levels of copper and zinc for agricultural lands, The levels
of copper and zinc in the Riverside Farm waste is not high and is not thought to be a problem at this
time. More discussions on copper and zinc in the soil tests will be presented below.
' Soil Test Results And Discussions
Routine soil testing is very important for land application sites to give the operator feedback about
soil conditions. The soil test is representative of the conditions of the soil in everything but nitrogen.
Nitrogen is estimated based on typical plant needs and is not reported as a tested value by NCDA.
' All soil reports are a "snap -shot" of the soil conditions at a particular time and are subject to change
as the years pass. Generally speaking, soil chemistry does not change rapidly. Always keep soil data
on file for historical reviews.
' Exhibit 14 shows the only soil test available to the engineer. This test is dated 8-8-97. For brevity
the engineer will let the reader view Exhibit 14 for himself/herself It is not entirely clear where these
' samples were collected so they will be discussed as a whole. In the future the farmer should keep all
records according to the field numbers within this document. While these soil reports are only
"snap -shots" of the soil conditions from year to year, the following basic comments can be made.
' 1. The field(s) at Riverside Farm need lime in order to maintain the proper pH. Keeping the soil pH
near neutral (i.e, neutral is 7) will help keep metals immobile and provide a proper plant growth
acidity level. The swine effluent from the anaerobic lagoon already contains some calcium and
magnesium which could account for some of the annual lime needs. Always collect soil samples
annually to verify the correct lime needs. The soil pH values shown on Exhibit 14 are rather
' acid, falling between 5. l and 5.8.
2. Past soil test results should be kept by the operator and compared to new test results. Look for
trends or increasing levels of metals. When collecting soil samples, closely follow the soil
' sample instructions found in Exhibit 8. Do not use galvanized buckets or galvanized tools to
collect these samples.
3. Land applied nutrients from animal waste are not 100 percent available to the crop in the first
' year. Some of the nutrients applied this year will become available next year for next years
crops. Discussions about nutrient mineralization and residuals are beyond the scope of this
' report. Collect soil samples early enough to study the results before planting crops.
4. It is recommended the farm manager take soil samples ASAP and have the results before spring.
24
1

1 _
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
5. Crop nitrogen requirements are estimated 'on the soil reports. Remember that nitrogen
' requirements are based on averages for a particular type crop. Nitrogen recommendations are not
actual test results.
6. In terms of crop utilization and benefits, there is a not a need for potassium (i.e. potash) or
phosphorous according to the 1997 soil test results. Table 13 indicates that a considerable
amount -of potassium is available from the animal manure. This is unavoidable. The maintenance
of a good crop cover will assist in the utilization of these elements.
' 7. According to the 1997 soil report there is not a need to add copper or zinc to the soils at the
farm in terms of crop production. In fact future loading of these metals should be minimized to
avoid plant phytotoxicity problems since these metals are not quickly removed by plants. The
' 1997 soil test shows that copper and zinc indexes are a little high, meaning the positive plant
response to adding more copper and zinc is non existent. However, the copper and zinc levels
are not high enough to cause phytotoxicity problems for the crops. The engineer recommends
' keeping a close eye on the copper and zinc indexes to make sure they do not climb too high.
While some crops are more sensitive to metals than are others, the farmer should try to keep the
metal indexes below 2,000 (rule of thumb).
' Overall Cropping Descriptions
PP P
' Discussions between Purvis Farms management and the engineer were held to determine the their
desire for future crop selection. Purvis Farms wishes to continue growing hay crops on the
Riverside Farm field(s). Annually the farm has been growing a crop of fescue grass and winter
wheat in cool seasons and pearl millet in warm seasons. The planting of winter wheat will be
optional each year. In order to make this report useful and not overly complex the engineer will
include winter wheat within the plan. If it is left off the farmer can simply ignore any nutrient
' removal values associated with this particular crop. The farmer should be able to take the discussed
data and apply it to the particular crop combinations each year. No grazing is planned at this time. A
discussion on the cropping patterns will appear below. Riverside Farm will harvest the produced
' crops. Burning hay or other crops is not allowed.
All effluent from the Riverside Farm lagoon system will be surface applied to growing crops. Field
' F7 will have waste applied via a spray irrigation system. Field F7 is a single pull of the irrigation gun
cart. See Exhibit 6 for a property sketch and field identifications.
1
Table 15 shows various field measurements and cropping information at Riverside Farm. The total
farm shape and cleared land areas were taken from FSA field maps and aerial photographs and are
the engineer's best estimates. The total cleared crop land at Little River is about 35 acres, but some
of this land is being used by Little River Farm, About 1.3 acres is shown as buffer. On -the -ground
field sizes were collected for verification of map scale.
TABLE 15
Fuld infnrmatinn Fnr Rivercidp Farm
Field Or
How Waste
Predominate Soil
Max. Slope
Crop Type To Be Grown
Pull
Will Be Applied
Type(s)
Along This Pull
Number(percent)
F2
Irrigation
Badin - Tatum
10
Fescue Grass, Winter Wheat,
and Pearl Millet
25

1
Riverside Faun CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
Crop Planting and Fertilizing Considerations
Tall Fescue Grass (for hay)
Tall fescue grass is a cool season perennial crop already planted in all of the Little River and
Riverside fields. Purvis Farms plans to utilize the harvested hay for sell to nearby cattle farmers.
The grass is not scheduled for routine grazing.
Tall fescue will grow when the average weekly air temperature is above 40 degrees F and stop
growing when the daily temperature regularly exceeds 85 degrees F. Tali fescue is best planted
between August 25 and September 15 in the Piedmont but may also be planted as early as August 25
and as late as October 25. A spring planting is also possible between February 15 and March 31.
Fescue grass will grow well on most NC soils, except on the dryer sands. Clay soils tend to be best
suited for tall fescue.
Typically, seeding shall take place at 15 to 20 pounds per acre if broadcast and 10 to 15 pounds per
acre if drilled into rows. Seed planting is normally 1/4 to 1/2 inches deep. Future seeding rates shall
be determined by the condition of the poor stand areas and tempered with Riverside Farm's past
experience. It may be necessary to reseed fescue in the fall if a heavy overseeded summer crop
shades out the emerging plants. This can be done on a field by field basis.
When using animal manure as a nitrogen source, the nitrogen can not be applied more than 1 month
' before planting a crop or 1 month prior to crop emergence (or greening). The engineer recommends
less time between waste application and planting to avoid unwanted leaching of the nitrogen below
the soon -to -be root zone, especially in sandy soils. Nitrogen can be applied to a growing fescue
' crop as needed as long as the total nitrogen applied does not exceed the crop's demand for that part
of the growing cycle.
1
1
1
1
The engineer will use the historical crop yields for Realistic Yield Expectation (R.Y.E.) to estimate
crop production and calculate nutrient uptake since this data is available. Typical nitrogen removal
by the tall fescue is 40 lbs. to 50 lbs. N uptake per ton of harvested crop (dry matter). If plenty
of nitrogen is available to the plants it is better to use 50 pounds of N uptake per ton. Fescue's
nutrient uptake is typically greatest in the months from March to May, with a moderate up -take from
September to November. However, fescue grass can stay green all year in NC, but its growth is
limited during very cold or very hot weather. Start applying fertilizer to fescue in the spring around
early to mid February, depending on the temperature. Start applying fall fertilizer in early to mid
September, depending on the average temperatures and the condition of overseeded crops (if
present). Do not apply nitrogen to fescue in extremely hot weather (i.e. June, July, or August) since
it may cause stand thinning. Please note that RY.E. will probably vary by soil type for a given crop,
but since we are using historic yields, the soil factor should already be reflected in these yields.
Grazing will reduce these yields by 25 % (not planned at on these fields). Table 16 shows a summary
of typical nitrogen uptake months for various crops.
For maximum yield, cut fescue grass when it reaches about 10 to 12 inches in height. Leave about 3
inches of stubble after cutting. Cutting it shorter encourages weed growth and may kill stalks of
grass. Regular cutting every four to five weeks during the growing season can be expected provided
growing conditions are suitable. More or less frequent cutting may be necessary. Fescue grass
26

1
Riverside Farm CAWW - Feb 2000
should go into the warm season with 3 to 4 inches of growth, but no longer since this could interfere
' with the growth of the overseeded warm season crop (if applicable), The reader can refer to
numerous NCSU publications for additional crop production details.
' If tall fescue is overseeded with a warm season crop and the overseeded crop is not cut properly in
the early fall, it can shade the greening fescue and reduce the subsequent yields, possibly requiring
some reseeding of the fescue. Therefore it is important to harvest the overseeded crop before it
' heads and at or before fescue greening. This ' often occurs in the mid to late September in the
Piedmont, but can vary depending on the temperatures.
Harvesting and grazing records should be kept for all crop land receiving animal waste. Record the
number of animals grazing (if applicable) and the time spent on a particular pasture if grazed or the
' number and weight of hay bails harvested. When harvesting hay, weigh 5 to 10 % of the hay bales at
random and keep the weigh tickets. The number of bales to weigh depends on how uniform the crop
tends to be and the number of bales. If the first 5 percent of the bales weighed are about the same
' weight then 5 percent may be OK. If the bale weights differ significantly, you should weigh 10 % of
the bales. Average the bale weight (of those weighed) and multiply this by the number of harvested
bales to get the total tonnage from a field. Regular soil samples shall be collected and the analysis
' incorporated into the desired nutrient application plan. Lime and supplement fertilize according to
the NCDA soil reports. Annually the farmer or system operator shall compare crop removal rates
with nutrient application rates and adjust waste applications accordingly.
Pearl Millet (for hay)
Pearl Millet is a warm season annual crop to be planted at Riverside Farm to enhance nitrogen
' uptake and extend the potential application months for applying animal manure. The Pearl Millet will
be planted over the existing fescue grass; this is called overseeding. Riverside Farm plans to utilize
the harvested hay by selling it to Iocal cattle farmers. Pearl Millet can be grazed but it also makes
' good hay or silage. The pearl millet is not scheduled for routine grazing.
Pearl Millet performs best in soils with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5 and grows in medium to well drained soils.
' Pearl Millet is best planted between May 1 to May 31 but can sometimes be planted from May l to
June 30 in the Piedmont Typically, seeding shall take place at 15 to 20 pounds per acre if drilled
into rows and 20 to 25 pounds per acre if broadcast. Seed planting is normally 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches
deep. Future seeding rates shall be determined by the condition of the poor stand areas and
tempered with the farmer's past experience.
' When using animal manure as a nitrogen source, the nitrogen can not be applied more than 1 month
before planting a crop or 1 month prior to crop emergence (or greening). The engineer recommends
less time between waste application and planting to avoid unwanted leaching of the nitrogen below
the soon -to -be root zone, especially in sandy soils. Nitrogen can be applied to a growing crop as
needed as long as the total nitrogen applied does not exceed the crop's demand.
The engineer will use the historical crop yields for Realistic Yield Expectation (R.Y.E.) to estimate
crop production and calculate nutrient uptake since this data is available. Typical nitrogen removal
' by the Pearl Millet is 45 lbs. to 55 lbs. N uptake per ton of harvested crop (dry matter). If
plenty of nitrogen is available to the plants it is better to use 55 pounds of N uptake per ton. Pearl
27

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
Millets growing season is from May 1 to October 1 but its greatest nutrient uptake is typically in the
' months from May to July, The engineer recommends to stop applying nitrogen by late August or
early September or 30 days before cutting. Pearl Millet typically yields 3 to 4 tons per acre, but
premature cutting for autumn fescue greening could cause reduced yields. Please note that R.Y.E.
' can vary by soil type for a given crop, Since the harvesting of the fescue grass and the pearl millet
sometimes overlap, the engineer will use a standard yield factor to calculate nitrogen removal from
the pearl millet along with the fescue grass. Grazing will reduce these yields by 25 percent (not
' planned at on these fields). Table 16 shows a summary of typical nitrogen uptake months for various
crops,
' For the highest quality forage, cut (or graze) pearl millet when growth is between 12 and 24 inches.
Usually leave about 6 inches of growth after clipping or grazing if during the growing season. Do
final clipping of the millet just before the fescue grass begins to grow, probably sometime around mid
' to late September in the Piedmont, depending on the average weekly temperatures. For the final
cutting, do not clip the millet closer than 3 inches from the ground in order to not damage the new
growth on the fescue.
' Harvestingand grazing records should be kept for all crop land receiving animal waste, Record the
g g P P g
number of animals grazing and the time spent on a particular pasture (if grazed) or the number and
' weight of hay bails harvested. When harvesting hay, weigh 5 to 10 percent of the hay bales at
random and keep the weigh tickets. The number to weigh depends on how uniform the crop tends to
' be and the number of bales. If the first 5 percent of the bales weighed are about the same weight
then 5 percent may be OK. If the bale weights differ significantly, you should weigh 10 percent of
the bales. Average the bale weight (of those weighed) and multiply this by the number of harvested
' bales to get the total tonnage from a field. Regular soil samples shall be collected and the analysis
incorporated into the desired nutrient application plan, Lime according to the NCDA soil reports.
Annually the farmer or system operator shall compare crop removal rates with nutrient application
' rates and adjust waste applications accordingly.
Winter Wheat (winter cover crop)
' Winter wheat is an annual small grain that looks similar to cereal rye , barley, and oats. This crop is
sometimes used to overseed .a warm season crop like bermudagrass, but can be used as a green
winter cover crop for fescue grass. Using this crop on fescue grass can be difficult since fescue grass
' may continue to grow late into the fall and early winter. Winter wheat does afford some flexibility to
a waste management program, helps control erosion in the winter, and enhances nitrogen uptake on
an annual basis. However, it must be managed correctly or it can have a negative impact on a the
' primary crop and be counter productive to the grower, Establishing winter wheat may be difficult
when overseeding since it may be overshadowed by the growth of fescue grass into the early winter.
' The winter wheat should be planted between October 16 and November 3 in the Montgomery
County area. This date can be expanded from October 1 to November 15 if the grower is planting
' the wheat as a cover crop and not for high yield. Planting by October 16 is recommended to
provide the best opportunity to get winter growth. Winter wheat has its most vigorous growth (and
nitrogen up -take) in the spring, and only a little growth in the fall. Some growth, though small, also
occurs in the winter months (i,e. December and January).
1'
28

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
The most consistent wheat stands are obtained from drilling seed into short (less than 3 inches tall)
bermudagrass or fescue sod. If drilling is not possible, the seeds may be broadcast on short grass sod
followed by a light cultivation with a disc or tillage implement, but drilling is highly recommended.
The seeding rate for broadcast planting should be i . 5 times the rate for drilled seeds. Typical
' planting of winter wheat is 100 pounds of seed per acre if drilling and 130 to 150 pounds per acre if
broadcasting. It should be noted that it is better to calibrate planters so they apply a given number of
seeds per foot of row since seed sizes can vary with variety. A rule of thumb would be to plant 2
' bushels of seed per acre. However, getting into great detail about the seeding rates of various wheat
varieties is beyond the scope of this CAWMP.
' If overseeding fescue grass, the last application of animal type waste should be applied to the fescue
about 30 to 45 days before planting the wheat. An application of 15 to 20 lbs/acre of Plant Available
Nitrogen (P.A.N.) may be applied to winter wheat in the colder months such as December and
' January. By February the wheat will start more vigorous growth and can receive more fertilizer (i.e.
animal waste). February fertilization rates can be boosted to around 25 pounds of P.A.N. per acre.
Likewise the fescue grass will start to green in late February or early March. Fertilization of both
' growing crops may boost possible application rates a little over the 25 pounds per acre level.
Fertilizer applications in March can increase even more, especially if fescue grass is also beginning to
grow. if wheat is being grown by itself without the benefit of additional vegetation to take up
' nitrogen, do not apply more than 120 pounds of P.A.N, to a wheat crop for the season.
If wheat is overseeded on bermudagrass or fescue grass and will be grazed by cattle, the
P.A.N. applications roust be reduced by 25 %. Small grain harvest is required prior to heading or
April 7, which ever comes first. If grazing, allow cattle access to the wheat before the fescue
' emerges. If wheat growth is harvested in late March or early April it should not significantly shade
the fescue and reduce fescue yields. If the wheat is allowed to grow through out the spring it will
reduce the fescue yield, but the overall tonnage should remain about the same as the fescue alone.
1 However, the fescue may be a little thin in mid to late spring, reducing subsequent yields.
If wheat is not grazed, cut the wheat as needed and remove from the site, usually this will only occur
' one time for small grains (about March or April). Do not cut the wheat closer than about 3 or 4
inches from the ground in order to not damage the emerging clumps of fescue grass and its root
system.
Additional Crop Maintenance Recommendations
It is suggested that Riverside Farm minimize the cutting of grasses and/or other crops in the buffer
' areas except as is needed to maintain the site. Taller grass allows for better sediment control and
animal habitat in the borders surrounding the fields, but do not let this grass get out of hand. Good
' grass stands are especially important in or near drainage ways or ditches. The Riverside Farm
manager may elect to plant some other type of vegetation in this area which requires minimal
maintenance. Cut buffer zones as needed and minimize the use of commercial fertilizers in these
' areas. Planting suggestions for forage crops appear on Exhibit 13.
Sometimes weeds will try to take over a field of grasses, especially if the grasses have been
' weakened by drought or disease or if the field has not been maintained. Always control weed
growth and strive for a mono -culture crop.
29

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
' If too much nitrogen is used to fertilize forage crops, the levels of nitrates in the crop can become
toxic, especially to horses. This is more of a problem during droughts or long dry spells. Plant tissue
analyses can help with this determination. For feeding questions the grower can consult with the
' local Cooperative Extension Agent in their county. Excessive nitrogen in forage crops should not be
a problem if the owners follow the recommendations within this document
' In order to maximize yield and provide high quality crops soil samples shall be collected and the
analysis incorporated into the desired nutrient application plan. Soil sampling shall be done at least
annually, usually in the late winter or early spring. Send waste samples to the N. C. Department of
' Agriculture, Plant, Waste, and Tissue Lab, 4300 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, N.C, 27607, phone
[phone]. Plant tissue samples can also be sent for regular analysis. Contact the local
Cooperative Extension Service for additional details and phone numbers. See Exhibit 8 for soil
sampling details and Exhibit 9 for waste sampling details.
Exhibit 8 includes information about plant tissue sampling. Riverside Farm is encouraged to collect
' plant tissue samples in advance of the need to fertilize and have them tested for nutrients. This is
especially useful if you think you have not applied enough nitrogen to a crop and it looks yellow or
stunted. Plant tissue sampling will help you better tune your waste application for the most
' productive crop without over applying nitrogen. Contact your Iocal Cooperative Extension Service
for more details about plant tissue sampling.
' TABLE 16
Typical Nitrogen Uptake Months for Various Crops Grown in Central and Eastern N.C.
1
1
CROP
Jan
Feb.
Mar.
Aril
May
June
J uly
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Field Corn in
N
N
N
L-M
M-H
H
H-N
H-N
N
N
N
N
Sweet Corn n*
N
N
N-L
M-H
H
H
H-N
N
N
N
N
N
Corn (silage)
N
N
N
L-M
M-H
H
H-N
N
N
N
N
N
Sor um in
N
N
i N
N-L
M-H
H
I H
M
N
N
N
N
Sor um ha
N
N
N
N-L
M-H
H
H
M
N
N
N
N
Winter Wheat
L-M
M
H
M-H
N
N
N
N
N
L-N
L-M
L-M
Winter Rye
L-N
M
H
M-H
N
N
N
N
N
L-N
L-N
L-N
Soybeans
N
N
N
N
N
L-M
M-H
H-M
L
N
N
N
Tall Fescue
N
M-H
H
H
M-N
N
N
L-N
M
M-L
L-N
N
Orchard grass
N
M-H
H
H
M
L
L
M-N
M
M-L
L-N
L-N
H b. Bermuda
N
N
N
N-L
L-M
H
H
M
L-N
N
N
N
Tobacco *
N
N
N
M-H
H
H
M-N
N
N
N
N
N
Sweet Potatoes *
N
N
N
N
N-L
M-H
H
H-M
M-N
N
N
N
Watermelons *
N
N
N
N-L
L-M
H
H
M-L
N
N
N
N
Cantalou *
N
N
N
N-L
L-M
H
H-M
M-N
N
N
N
N
Pearl Millet
N
N
N
N-L
M-H
H
H
H-L
L-N
N
N
N
N = No nitrogen application recommended under normal growing conditions.
L = Apply nitrogen in Low amounts for normal growing conditions. Low amounts are < 15 lbs/acre.
M = Apply nitrogen in Medium amounts for normal growing conditions. Medium amounts are < 25 lbs/acre.
H = Apply nitrogen in High amounts for normal growing conditions. High amounts are 50 + lbs/acre,
* = These crops are grown for human consumption. Do not apply animal waste to these crops except at pre -
plant.
30

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
1
1
',1
1
DISCUSSIONABOUT TABLE 16: This is a somewhat general chart and does not account for every
situation. When the chart says L-N for a month, it may be better to use None unless weather and
crop growth permits. The nitrogen application on crops will depend on the planting schedule and the
harvest date of previous crops. Animal waste can not be applied more than 30 days prior to planting
a crop or from crop emergence (i.e. greening). This table was taken from data developed by NCSU,
MRCS, and the NC Cooperative Extension Service and tempered with the engineer's experience.
Waste with high organic content may require fertilization in advance of Table 16 dates. Likewise,
applying animal waste as pre -plant fertilizer may be necessary to apply a High dose since it can not
be applied after crop emergence. See written explanations about each crop and the associated animal
waste recommendations.
TABLE 17
Historical Crop Yields At The Riverside Farm / Little River Farm Complex
(assuming 45 lbs P.A.N. per ton of hay)
CROP TYPE
ACTUAL
ACTUAL
ACTUAL
ACTUAL
P.A.N,
P.A.N.
P.A.N.
P.A.N.
YIELDS
YIELDS
YIELDS
YIELDS
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
REMOVAL
IN 1996
IN 1997
IN 1998
IN 1999
BASED ON
BASED ON
BASED ON
BASED ON
1996
1997
1998
1999
YIELDS
YIELDS
YIELDS
YIELDS
tons
tons
tons
tons(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
W.WHEAT
70.6 #
101.7
72.25
38.4
3,177
4,577
3,251
1,728
AND
FESCUE
PEARL
130
107.2
100.38
106.2
5,850
4,824
4,517
4,779
MILLET
AND
FESCUE
TOTALS
200.6
208.9
172.63
144.6
9,027 ++
9,401 ++
7 768 +
0,507
# = A new stand of fescue grass was planted in 1996 so yields were down.
+ = Lagoon retrofit was going on this entire year, including filling the retrofitted lagoon. Waste was applied to
the crops at a much reduced rate due to the retrofit.
++ = This data represents nitrogen contributions from both Riverside Farm and Little River Farm.
Riverside was closed in mid 1997, therefore the Riverside lagoon waste was decreasing in P.A.N. by fall of
that year.
Table 17 shows the actual crop yields for 4 years. Many factors come into play with a farming
situation that affect the crop yield. Temperature, rainfall, drought, disease, insects, and nutrient
availability all affect the crop yield for a growing season. While it is impossible to say for sure, it
would appear the crop yields in 1998 and 1999 are down due to a reduced amount of P.A.N. from
the swine operations. Table 18 summarizes the design data to be used at this farm based on the
information presented in Table 17. For the readers information, Exhibit 27 shows historical irrigation
records for Riverside Farm. The reader can view this data for himself/herself.
TABLE 18
Summarized Crop Data and Nitrogen Data At Riverside Farm (from Table 17)
CROP TYPE
HISTORICAL AVERAGE VALUE FOR
R.Y.E. PER YEAR - TOTAL
AVERAGE FARM WIDE P.A.N.
REMOVAL PER YEAR - TOTAL
ALL HAY CROPS
182 tons
9,176 pounds
31
1

1
Riverside Farm CAWNT - Feb 2000
NUTRIENT AND LIQUID WASTE APPLICATIONS
' Irrigation Scheduling
' Understanding the more technical points of irrigating is very important to the proper utilization of
animal waste. Knowing soil/water relationships and plant/water relationships helps the farmer decide
when irrigation is appropriate. However, it would be much beyond the scope of this portion of the
' CAWMP to dwell on highly technical aspects,of irrigation. The key point to remember is that the soil
must accept and plants must be able to utilize the irrigated water (and nutrients) in order to avoid
surface run-off or gravity drainage. Full plant utilization of the water held within the root zone is
' needed to avoid draining nutrients below the root zone. Careful observations of soil/plant and
climatic relationships will help assure a successful irrigation program. Exhibit 23 explains
soil/water/plant relationships in more detail.
TABLE 19
' Dry Days Needed Between Heave irrigation Events (Typical for medium body, soils)
Month Hay Crops Vegetables
January 20 23
February 15 18
March 10 13
April 8 11
May 6 8
June 5 7
' July 5 7
August 6 8
September 8 10
' October 10 13
November 15 18
December 20 23
1
Table 19 is a very general guide. On -site measurements and experience must be used to accurately
' schedule irrigation events. Sandy soils may require less dry days between irrigation events. Small
amounts of irrigation may be possible without waiting for all the dry days shown. Plant available
moisture and other soil/water relationships will dictate actual times between irrigation events. If
forage crops are not actively growing it is better not to irrigate unless they are just before breaking
dormancy.
' The operator must use good judgment when applying effluent to crops. His or her judgment,
tempered with crop growth, crop health, rainfall, and other factors will be needed to make a
workable irrigation schedule. The farmer must also adhere to lagoon designs and suggested
' maximum and minimum lagoon volumes. Always know your lagoon level and available storage
volume. A key item to remember is to keep water levels inside the pump out lagoon (i.e. where
irrigation pump is located) at manageable levels. Lagoon water levels should not be used alone to
32

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
verify effluent application volumes over the crop land. Good records on irrigation rates, hours of
' pumping, and volumes are required. Exhibit 11 shows several examples of record keeping forms.
Due to the concerns over possible groundwater contamination occurrences, the owner is encouraged
' to "spread out' the irrigation volumes so as to not concentrate loadings in one place at one time.
Heavy effluent loadings can cause nitrogen to quickly leach below the plant root zone. Several light
applications per month is often better than 1 heavy application. Monitor soil moisture so that gravity
' drainage from irrigation events is more or less zero.
Hard hose travelers do not always irrigate all available acreage. Field corners and long narrow strips
' are often missed by this type of irrigation system. These areas of crops need nutrients in order to
thrive. Riverside Farm may wish to utilize some of this fringe area for effluent disposal in a "pump
and haul" situation using a broadcast wagon, however this is not being specifically addressed in this
CAWMP. Details on using a broadcast wagon appear in the Little River Farm CAWMP. The
farmer must keep a record of all land application activities.
' Irrigation Methodology
gY
' Riverside Farm has an existing irrigation system that has been historically shared with Little River.
This system mostly consists of a single hard hose traveler, one engine driven irrigation pump,
underground (permanent piping), and a few short lengths of piping (movable). From now on, the
' Riverside Farm irrigation system will not share irrigation fields with Little River Farm. The two will
be independent. Some changes to the irrigation system have occurred since the last CAWMP was
developed. These changes are reflected on Exhibit 6. However the resultant irrigation changes have
' been minor.
Exhibit 6 divides the irrigated crop acreage into one field or pull called F7. A total of 3 S +/- acres
of crop land is available at the Riverside Farm parcel after set -backs are taken into account
(including Little River's portion of land). However, not 100% of this area can be counted as
"Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) wetted acreage". The engineer will refer to
' "CAWMP Wettable Acres" when discussing irrigation coverage for this farm since it is an existing
system.
' To facilitate discussions about irrigation and to assist the farmer in maintaining his irrigation records,
all fields under irrigation will actually be irrigation pull lanes. This way the farm manager can keep
' track of each pull as if it were a separate field. Grassy areas outside of the pull zones can also be
used for waste provided they are within the set -backs, but due to irrigation equipment limitations
these areas are not scheduled for spray irrigation. If these areas receive waste via broadcast, it must
' be recorded and documented. Table 20 shows the single pull at Riverside Farm which is scheduled
to receive effluent. At this farm there is only one predominate soil type under irrigation,
' From the USDA/NRCS soil survey map of Montgomery County, and other references, the
permeability of the most restrictive soil layer of Riverside Farm soils varies from as low as 0.6 inches
per hour to as much as 2, 0 inches per hour. In other words the soil permeability rate is relatively low
' compared to sandy type soils. These type soils need vegetative covers at all times in order to avoid
run-off from irrigation. As with application rates, wastewater application depths for soils will vary
33

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
between wet seasons and dry seasons as well as with slope, soil type, crop condition, etc. The
' operator's experience may allow changes to the values in Table 20 but these are reasonable values to
follow.
' Table 21 shows the total estimated CAWMP Wettable Acres for Field F7. This table is a summary
of wettable acre determination calculations showing each portion of the calculation process. This
table was developed using one type nozzle, one pressure setting, one pumping rate, and one assumed
t nozzle coverage percentage. If such settings were changed the actual wettable acres may likewise
change. Gun cart pull lengths were estimated from Exhibit 6.
1
TABLE 20
Irrigation Data For Riverside Farm
Field &
Irrigation
Gun Nozzle Type and Size
Suggested precipitation
Suggested Application
Pull
Pull
Range (in/hr) +
Depth Range (inches)
Number
Designation
F2
Single
Nelson F150R, 1.18"ring
0.3 to 0.5
0.3 to 0.75
+ Short term irrigation rates can be higher than shown here if the gun cart is pulled quickly and water not allowed to
' run-off site. These values are typical. Application depth is a more useful guideline.
1
1
1
SEE TABLE 21 ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE
34

m m m = m
TABLE
21
CAME
WEIIABLE ACREAGE CALC.u_ LA71ONS EQR RIVE,RSIEDFARM
- THIS IS CLASSIFIED AS AN EXISTING SYSTEM -
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
INPUT
FIELD
INTERIOR
GUN
LANE
PUBLISHED
MIDDLE
MIDDLE
MIDDLE
START
NUMBER
OR
CART
SPACING
WETTED
WETTED
WETTED
WETTED
END
AND
EXTERIOR
PULL
FOR MULTI
DIAMETER
AREA FOR
AREA FOR
AREA FOR
WETTED
PULL
OR
LENGTH
LATERAL
DATA
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
SINGLE
AREA
NUMBER
SINGLE
SYSTEMS
LANES
LANES
LANES
(TABLE
PULL
E90) +
FEET
FEET
FEET
ACRES
ACRES
ACRES
ACRES
F7
TOTAL
SINGLE 920 NA 315
5.99 0.725
+ THIS IS AN INTERPOLATION BETWEEN A WETTED DIAMETER OF 310 AND 320 FEET.
PAGE 35
INPUT
AUTO
STOP
TOTAL
END
EFFECTIVE
WETTED
WETTED
AREA
AREA
(TABLE
E90) +
ACMES
ACRES
0.3E0 7.073
7.07

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
1
TABLE 22
Traveler Pull Speed Data For Various Volumes Of Irrigation- Riverside Farm
Field & Pull
Number
Gun
Operating
Pressure
(psi)
Lane Spacing
@ Mfg.
Stated
Wetted
Diameter
feet +
Gun
Rotation
Arc
(degrees)
Flow Rate
of
Sprinkler
Nozzle
(gpm) 4+
Target
Application
Volume
(inches)
Gun Cart
Travel
Speed
(ft./min)
Precipitation
Rate At
These
Settings
(in/hour)
All For F7
Volume 1
60 psi
315
270
225
0.30
3.83
0.46
Volume 2
60 psi
315
2 00
225
0.35
3.28
0.46
Volume 3
60 psi
315
270
225
0.40
2.87
0.46
Volume 4
60 psi
315
270
225
0.45
2.55
0.46
Volume 5
60 psi
315
270
225
0.50
2.30
0.46
Volume 6
60 psi
315
270
225
0.55
2.09
0.46
Volume 7
60 Mi
315
270
225
0.65
1.77
1 o.46
Volume 8
60 psi
315
270
225
0.75
1.53
0.46
Field 8
N/A
NIA
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
NIA
+ This column shows the manufacturer's suggested diameter of the sprinkler at the shown pressure. It is not
the effective wetted diameter for wettable acre determination.
Table 22 shows various application amounts at various pull speeds for quick reference. Note that the
precipitation rate is a little high and might alarm the reader. However, if the gun cart is pulled fast,
the precipitation rate is of minor importance. Water application volume is considered more useful
and important than precipitation rate.
' The reader should realize that it is almost impossible to pin down the exact irrigation routine for any
site with varying weather conditions, crop needs, etc. Therefore the engineer must leave the ultimate
irrigation operation to the person doing the irrigation. Gun cart retrieval rates will likely be the most
' useful adjustment factor to implement in overall application technique. But remember, precipitation
rate does not change with pull rate, as illustrated in Table 22. Application amounts (i.e. volume) do
change with pull rates, so be aware of this aspect.
' Animal waste can only be applied to land eroding less than 5 tons per acre per year. The Little River
fields should qualify given the proper crop covers are maintained, Erosion could become a problem
' at this farm in the irrigated fields if crop covers are not maintained. It is vitally important that the
farmer pay close attention to irrigation schedules at this farm. Strong slopes will encourage
surface run off to occur, especially during rainfall events. Nearby wet weather streams and
' ponds down -slope from the irrigated fields and could be impacted by the over application of
effluent or by a sudden rain storm shortly after irrigation.
' Field by Field Waste Application Details
Below the reader will see Tables 23 through 27. All of these tables are related to the animal waste
' utilization plans for Riverside Farm. Each table represents a different set of predicted values related
to waste application.
' This animal waste utilization plan has been made to show reasonable waste application methodology
and nitrogen management, but it should be clearly understood that it is made to be changed as crop
' 36

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
data and waste test results change. Therefore the reader should use this plan as a guideline for
' animal waste management and not get hung -up on the exact values presented below. Tables 23
through 27 were developed under the following conditions:
1. The farmer will accurately record crop type, waste application amounts, waste test data, and
crop yield for each field (or pull) receiving animal waste. Animal waste applications will be altered
according to crops being grown, analysis of the applied waste, recent crop yields, and recent waste
t test results.
2. The farmer will be able to take the actual crop yields by field number (or pull number), the
quantity of waste applied, and use the P.A.N. uptake values given in this plan and calculate an
annual P.A.N. removal for a given field. This will be especially important since the waste analysis for
a given waste type can change from season to season.
3. The engineer has averaged NCDA test results for several years to get an estimate for P.A.N.
' The grower should continue to monitor nitrogen in the waste to see if the P.A.N. is remaining
consistent. Routine animal waste testing will be the only accurate method of determining effluent
nitrogen content in the future. The farmer will be allowed to decide where to grow crops and how
much animal waste is to be applied as long as P.A.N. removal rates are not exceeded for that
particular crop.
4. Field F7 is to receive animal waste from Riverside Farm only. Water from Little River Farm
will not be applied to this field. All of Field F7 is assumed to be similar in soil type.
' Explanation of Tables --
TABLE 23.
Table 23 shows expected hay yields and their related nitrogen uptake. Please note that the R.Y.E.
for the hay was taken from historical data shown in Tables 17 and 18. The engineer combined all of
the crop yields (i.e. fescue grass, winter wheat, and pearl millet) since they were not specifically
' divided by type on farm records. Overlaps or mixed grass harvesting is to be expected in the future
since there will be overlaps in the crops between growing seasons. Future yields could be lower
especially since there is no fresh manure being added to the lagoon system. If crop yields are
' reduced due to a lack of nitrogen, this should be recorded. The engineer does not suggest applying
supplemental fertilizer to the crops unless this is a significant income maker for the farm or if the
crops are performing poorly. All crops are scheduled for removal off the land at harvest.
There is a total of about 35 acres of crop land at the Riverside and Little River Farm parcel. Some of
it is being irrigated from Little River and some of it is not under any irrigation. The engineer used
' an average yield for the entire 35 acres. He suspects the average crop yield under irrigation is higher
than the acres not under irrigation, such as fringes of fields. Using a farm wide average should be a
conservative value. Also, the engineer used a relatively low P.A.N. uptake per ton of hay (i.e. 45
pounds per ton). Values up to 50 or 55 pounds of P.A.N. per ton are well within reasonable
estimates for nitrogen uptake.
' TABLE 24.
Table 24 summarizes potential nitrogen removal by the crops. Please note that if the historical yield
' averages presented in Table 23 continue, Riverside Farm would be able to remove significantly more
nitrogen than is predicted to be available via their lagoon effluent. In other words the maximum
37
1

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 1001
nitrogen removal capability of these crops on 7.07 acres is estimated to be 1,654 pounds annually.
Estimated nitrogen from the lagoon effluent is estimated (at the most) to be 253 pounds annually.
Table 24 estimates the farmer could get by with irrigating at agronomic levels on approximately 1.1
acres. Spreading the irrigation out on the 7.07 acres will probably reduce future yields due to a lack
of nitrogen. These are approximations and guidelines only. By having more acres than needed and
by having both cool and warm weather crops, the farmer maintains maximum flexibility in his/her
irrigation program. 4verseeding with winter wheat is always an option but may not be necessary for
I
the future. The farmer is only required to grow enough crops to utilize the nitrogen.
This waste utilization document does not specifically address nitrogen application on germinating or
very young crops. Thus the farmer must use good judgment when planting and applying waste to
young crops. Young crops can not remove large quantities of nitrogen thus possibly requiring split
applications. Remember, do not apply animal waste directly to crops scheduled for human
consumption.
Some residual nitrogen carry-over from the organic fraction in animal waste and crop residue will be
' left on the irrigated land from year to year. You might say there is a carry over of nitrogen so you
may need to apply less as the years go by. In sandy soils, nitrogen carry-over this tends to be less of a
factor. Be aware of this aspect and do not over apply nitrogen.
TABLE 25
Table 25 shows a possible irrigation routine for Riverside Farm. It shows some irrigation every
month. This is an option to the farmer if he overseeds the fescue grass with winter wheat. Without
the overseeding with winter wheat the farmer should not irrigate in November, December, and
January. The rates of nitrogen applications are only suggested. Based on Tables 24 and 25 the
' engineer does not think there will be enough nitrogen to supply the entire 7.07 acres to their
maximum removal potential. Spreading out irrigation over all the cropland will probably keep all of
1 the grass alive, but at these nitrogen levels the crops will suffer and yields will be reduced.
The reader must realize that monthly application rates will vary according to many factors. Also, the
engineer has assumed that liquid effluent will be available to deliver these nitrogen quantities. If the
animal waste effluent is lacking the needed nutrients, or lacking sufficient liquid quantities the
operator could occasionally need to supplement nutrients. However, use caution when applying
commercial fertilizers. Consider using sludge instead of commercial fertilizer as it becomes available.
Annually look at nutrients like phosphorous and metals to make sure you are not over applying this
or other nutrients.
' TABLE 26.
Table 26 shows long term water balances that could be experienced within the Riverside Farm
fourth stage lagoon. It is very important to realize that the operator must use good judgment when
applying effluent to crops. His or her judgment, tempered with crop growth, crop health, rainfall,
and other factors will be needed to make a workable irrigation schedule. The farmer must also
adhere to lagoon designs and suggested maximum and minimum lagoon volumes. Table 26 should
be used for general guidance only. Monthly excess wastewater values in Table 26 do not include
' large excess rainfall events. Always know your lagoon level and available storage volume (i.e.
+remember we do get hurricanes in NC). Lower water levels in lagoon systems before the on -set of
38

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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long wet seasons. A key item to remember is to keep water levels inside the lagoon low enough to
store at least two 25 year 24 hour storms before overflow. Exhibit 26 shows a graph of the lagoon
volume and should help the farmer relate volume to water levels.
Ideally, Table 26 should show that about the same amount of wastewater was being irrigated as was
being generated. However, to supply the nitrogen needs mentioned in Table 25, the farmer would
run out of wastewater in the lagoon. The farmer will simply stop irrigating when the water levels get
low- in his lagoon. Nitrogen application can be less than shown by any of these tables. Lower
nitrogen levels may mean lower crop yields. The farmer may wish to adjust application amounts or
reduce acreage to better balance nutrients with crop demand. AlwUs record yields removed from all
acreage. Also record fresh water irrigation events and the addition of commercial fertilizer.
Sludge or solids removal from a farm lagoon can either be removed at one time, such as a contract
hauler might do, or gradually. If Riverside Farm plans to incorporate sludge removal into their
waste utilization at this farm they will need a plan for this effort. Sludge removal and disposal is not
part of this CAWMP.
TABLE 27.
Table 27 shows the approximate storage volume of the lagoon at the Riverside Farm. This data
comes from volume estimates made in 1995. These numbers are only approximated and may vary
slightly due to irregularities in lagoon shape. The engineer has shown the depth of water necessary
to accommodate two 25 year - 24 hour storms. The values presented in this table are all considered
below the emergency overflow of the fourth stage lagoon.
Permanent water level markers shall be placed inside lagoon # 4 at the critical levels. It should be
noted that this lagoon system is only required to contain one 25 year - 24 hour storm because of its
age, but the engineer believes that 2 storm storage allowances is a more conservative and safe
approach. Critical water levels are shown in Table 27 and on Exhibit 26.
TABLE 23 BEGINS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE
39

' FARM NAME: RIVERSIDE FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
R.Y.E. REDUCTION PERCENTAGE USED FOR OVERSEEDING (IF APP.): FESCUE = HISTORICAL YIELD
P. MILLET= HISTORICAL YIELD
TABLE 23 W.WHEAT= HISTORICAL YIELD
CROP TYPES AND REALISTIC YIELD EXPECTATIONS
REALISTIC NITROGEN
FIELD AND SOIL CROP YIELD UPTAKE HARVEST
PULL TYPES YIELD EXPECTED (ESTM.) CROPPING
NUMBER CROP (MAJOR) UNITS (R.Y.E.)+ (1-8/U/YR) PLANS
tiff ifi• iHitffffffffiMi ifi•Hff itf ffitff iftff tff■ffitifi itf tf if ifH itiifi••f if fffifiH•
F7 ALL HAY CROPS B-T T/ACNR 5.2 45 CUT & REMOVE
+ THESE VALUES ARE BASER ON HISTORIC YIELDS FROM 4YEAR5 OF FARM RECORDS. THIS IS AN AVERAGE YIELD
FOR ALL HAY CROPS OVER THE ENTIRE FARM. CROPS GROWN ALONG IRRIGATION PULLS MAY HAVE HIGHER
YIELDS THAN FRINGE AREAS NOT RECEIVING FULL AMOUNTS OF NITROGEN. ACTUAL CROP YIELDS WILL NEED
TO BE USED FOR ANNUAL CALCULATIONS.
' T/ACNR = TONS PER ACRE PER YEAR BG = BADIN GOLDSTON COMPLEX
BU/AC/YR = BUSHELS PER ACRE PER YEAR BT = BADIN TATUM COMPLEX
U a UNIT
ALL HAY CROPS = FESCUE GRASS, WINTER WHEAT, AND PEARL MILLET FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR
PAGE 40

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FARM NAME: RIVERSIDE FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TOTAL CROP ACRES IN THESE FIELDS 35 ACRES (TAIQNG OUT FOR BUFFERS, ETC. THIS
ACREAGE MAY EXCEED IRRIGATED AREA)
TABLE 24
NITROGEN REMOVAL ESTIMATES BASED ON CROP TYPE
TOTAL
MAXIMUM EST.
EFFECTIVE
MAXIMUM EST.
ESTIMATED
ACRES
P.A.N. REMOVAL
P.A.N.
FIELD IN THIS
POTENTIAL
REMOVALIACRE
NUMBER CROP PULL ZONE
iiiiiM! •iffiifiilifif!!• f!lfffvf Rfi
(LBS/YR)
!ff!!!!a!!!1f•
(LBS/AC/YR)
ifif!!!fflf Yfif
F7 ALL HAY CROPS 7.07
1654
234
•!!!!!!•ffff• ffflifi!!!!!!
TOTAL 7.07 1,654
TOTAL ESTIMATED P.A.N. PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL WASTE 253 POUNDS PER YEAR
MAX. P.A.N. REMOVAL FROM THE CROPPING PLAN (IRR. ONLY) = 234 POUNDS PER ACRE
THE MINIMUM ACRES NEEDED FOR P.A.N. GENERATED USING THE
ABOVE CROPPING SCHEMES AND SPRAYING LIQUID EFF. (AVG)4 1.1 ACRES
NOTE; IF HISTORIC YIELD AVERAGES CONTINUE, THIS FARM WILL NOT NEED ALL OF THE LAND SCHEDULED FOR
IRRIGATION UNLESS THE AVAILABLE NITROGEN INCREASES.
PAGE 41

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FARM NAME: RIVERSIDE FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
1
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 25
LONG TERM LIQUID EFFLUENT APPLICATION GUIDELINES ONCE CROPS ARE ESTABLISHED
AVERAGE AMT. OF NITROGEN PER 1000 GALS, OF EFFLUENT = 1.4 POUNDS
TOTAL SUGGESTED TOTAL TOTAL TOT.AVG.
TOTAL
ACTIVELY CROP RATE OF THAT CAN GALLONS GALLONS
MONTHLY
MONTH OF FIELD ID GROWING LAND N APPLIC. BE APPLIED OF EFF. PER ACRE
INCHES
APPLICATION NUMBERS CROPS ACRES (LBSIAC)++ (LBS)+ (GALS.) (GAUAC)
•fit.ii!l*........ ........... tt.........! tiff.•}f.!!• .}f}........ ..........t! .0...... t... ...........t
(IN/AC)
f}•!!}.f.1lt
JANUARY+++ 17 W.WHEAT 7.1 10 71 5050D 7143
0.26
'
FEBRUARY F7 WW & FG 7A 25 177 126250 17857
0.66
MARCH F7 WW & FG 7.1 30 212 151500 21429
0.79
APRIL F7 FESCUE 7.1 30 212 1515DO 21429
0.79
MAY F7 FG & PM 7.1 3D 212 15150D 21429
0.79
JUNE F7 PEARL MIL 7.1 20 141 101000 14286
0.53
JULY F7 PEARL MIL 7.1 15 106 75750 10714
0.39
AUGUST F7 PEARL MIL 7.1 15 106 75750 10714
0.39
SEPTEMBER F7 FG & PM T1 20 141 101000 14286
0.53
OCTOBER F7 FESCUE 7.1 19 134 95950 13571
0.50
NOVEMBER +++ F7 WW & FG 7.1 10 71 505DD 1143
0,26
DECEMBER +++ F7 W.WHEAT 7.1 10 71 50500 7143
........... ........... f }.........
0.26
TOTAL 234 1,654 1,181,700
ESTIMATED TOTAL P.A.N. PRODUCTION AT THIS FARM (LBS.)= 253
ESTIMATED TOTAL ANNUAL EFFLUENT PRODUCED (GALLONS) = 767,OD4
COG = COASTAL BERMUDA GRASS, C = CORN, PM = PEARL MILLET,FG=FESCUE GRASS, WW= WINTER WHEAT
+ = FARMER MUST ONLY APPLY EFFLUENT DURING CROP GROWING MONTHS. HOWEVER, NITROGEN
MAY BE APPLIED IN ALTERNATING MONTHS INSTEAD OF EVERY MONTH IF NECESSARY AS LONG AS
NITROGEN APPLICATIONS DO NOT EXCEED PROPER AGRONOMIC RATES. IF CROP UPTAKE OF NITROGEN
EXCEEDS AVAILABLE NITROGEN IN WASTE, COMMERCIAL NITROGEN MAY BE NEEDED OR THE FARMER CAN
ALLOW CROP YIELDS TO FALL. APPLICATION AMOUNTS WILL VARY FROM FARM TO FARM
AND FROM SEASON TO SEASON. THIS TABLE IS ONLY A GUIDE.
'
++ = THE TOTAL P.A.N. CAN NOT EXCEED THOSE VALUES IN TABLE 24 UNLESS THE CROP
YIELDS INCREASE.
+++ = MINIMAL IRRIGATION IS RECOMMENDED THESE MONTHS. APPLY WITH CARE.
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FARM NAME: RIVERSIDE FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION; MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC,
TABLE 26
LONG TERM WATER BALANCES ONCE CROPS ARE ESTABLISHED
WHAT IS THE BEGINNING VOLUME IN THE LAGOON AT START? 195000 GALLONS (ASSUMED)
MONTH OF
YEAR
JANUARY
FEBRUARY(LATE)
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
TOTAL
EST. AVG.
EXCESS
WASTEWATER
(GAL/MO)
63917
63917
63917
63917
63917
6W17
63917
63917
63917
63917
63917
63917
ALLOWABLE
ESTIMATED
IRRIGATION
(GAL/MO)
..............
50500
126250
151500
151500
151500
101000
75750
75750
101000
85960
505M
50 500
WASTEWATER
ACCUMULATION
OR REDUCTION
(GAL/MO)
...................
13417
-87563
-87583
-87583
-37063
-11833
Alm
-37063
13417
13417
-414696 �5
ESTIMATED VOLUME #
OF LIQUID IN
THE LAGOON
(CUMULATIVE)
.................
208,417
146,064
5B,501
(29,082)
(116,665)
(153,748)
(165,5B1)
(177,414)
(214,497)
(246,530)
(233,113)
(219,696)
= THE AVERAGE WASTEWATER EXCESSES DO NOT ACCOUNT FOR MONTHLY RAINFALL VARIATIONS OR MONTHLY
EVAPOTRANSPORATION VARIATIONS. SUCH VARIATIONS COULD BE SIGNIFICANT AND CHANGE THE WATER
BALANCE TABLE FROM WHAT IS SHOWN ABOVE. TABLE 26 IS ONLY AN APPROXIMATION AND IS
NOT A DETAILED WATER BALANCE TABLE.
# = A MINIMUM VOLUME OF AROUND 195,000 GALLONS SHOULD BE MAINTAINED IN THE
LAGOON. DO NOT PUMP MUCH BELOW THIS LEVEL IF SLUDGE OR SEDIMENT IS A PROBLEM.
$3 z A LARGE POSITIVE VALUE HERE INDICATES MORE ACRES MAY BE NEEDED IN ORDER TO ACCEPT ALL OF THE
WASTE BEING GENERATED. A NEGATIVE VALUE INDICATES MORE THAN ENOUGH LAND IS BEING
IRRIGATED TO UTILIZE ALL OF THE EXPECTED NITROGEN GENERATION. THE FARMER CAN NOT IRRIGATE
MORE WASTE THAN IS AVAILABLE, SO A NEGATIVE NUMBER INDICATES A LACK OF ANIMAL WASTE AVAILABLE
TO SUPPLY THE MAXIMUM CROP NUTRIENT UPTAKES PRESENTED ABOVE.
PAGE 43
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FARM NAME: RIVERSIDE FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 27
REFERENCE VOLUMES FOR 7RIVERSIDE FARM
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM VOL. AT THE OVERFLOW LEVEL?
2724000 GALLONS
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM DEPTH AT THE OVERFLOW LEVEL?
14 FEET
AVERAGE DAYS PER MONTH ASSUMED =
30 DAYS/MONTH
MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS LAGOON?
TREATMENT AND STORAGE
DAYS OF
NORMAL
WATER LEVEL WATER DEPTH
GALS. IN
AVAILABLE WATER
STORAGE UNTIL
BELOW OVERFLOW INSIDE
LAGOON AT
STORAGE ABOVE
OVERFLOW
(FREEBOARD-1 FT) LAGOON
##R#fRf#f#!#•#H###### f#ff#######
THIS LEVEL
ffff##f####kfff
THIS LEVEL
4 ff.... fffffflf##N##
(AVG. EXCESS)
#fff#####f##•#ff##
O FEET 14 FEET
2724WO
0 GALLONS
0
2.2 FEET + 1 t.8 FEET
2028674
695326 GALLONS
326
5 FEET 9 FEET
1170000
1554000 GALLONS
729
7 FEET 7 FEET
750000
19740M GALLONS
927
9 FEET ++ 5 FEET
500000
2224WO GALLONS
1044
+ = THE WATER LEVEL BEFORE THE ALLOWANCE FOR TWO 25YR-24 HR STORMS. START PUMPING
BEFORE THIS LEVEL. DO NOT LET WATER EXCEED THIS LEVEL EXCEPT IN EMERGENCIES.
++ = MINIMUM DESIGN VOL. AT THIS POINT. STOP PUMPING BEFORE HEREI
PAGE 44

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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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' ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE
The right animal waste application equipment is extremely important in terms of the farmer's ability
to accurately measure and control the application of animal waste. However, when it comes to
' properly operating irrigation equipment (or broadcast equipment) the farmer must be familiar with
his/her equipment and have a good understanding of pump curves, pumping rates, basic math, and
possess the willingness to keep good records. This animal waste utilization plan is not intended to be
a comprehensive irrigation teaching manual. The engineer must assume the farmer can take the
presented information and apply it to his or her farm.
' General
Riverside Farm currently has an in -place irrigation system consisting of one irrigation pump with its
' own power unit, below ground PVC force mains, permanent hydrants, a few lengths of above
ground piping (which is movable), one hard hose traveler, and one gun cart with two guns. In the
future the operator will only use one of the guns on the gun cart in order to reduce the precipitation
' rates and simplify the irrigation process. Riverside Farm and Little River Farm will share the same
irrigation pump. This pump will be transferred between farms when it is required.
' Slight piping changes will need to take place to make it easier to segregate wastewater between
Little River and Riverside farms. Exhibit 6 shows the irrigation system as it will be modified.
However the basic pull lane layout will remain similar to that described in the last CAVVW. Due to
1 the similar irrigation patterns described in the last CAWMP (i.e. similar pull lanes) the engineer is
considering this entire system as an existing system for the wettable acres determination. Irrigation
equipment data is shown below in Table 28 as well as on Exhibits 20 and 21,
At this time, the farm manager plans to install about 130 feet of new below grade 4 inch PVC pipe, a
' new in -line valve, and one new hydrant. These changes will afford the segregation of the two farms
mentioned above. Exhibit 6 shows this general irrigation setup with the dotted lines showing the
approximate center of normal irrigation lanes. The semi -circles on Exhibit 6 show approximate net
' wetted areas covered by gun cart nozzles. These semi -circles represent the manufacturer's reported
coverage diameters. The semi -circles shown are not effective wetted areas or CAWMP
wettable acres. The reader may find that some of the drawn semi -circles will overlap in coverage,
' but for the most part each pull is to be considered a single pull for calculating wettable acres,
1
TABLE 28 APPEARS ON THE NEXT PAGE
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Riverside Farm CAVIW - Feb 2004
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TABLE 28
Riverside Farm Irrigation Equipment Descriptions
Power su2ply type+
John Deer 4 al. 80 Hp Industrial Diesel Engine
Pump type and size
Rainbow model CSB64S 13-4DC, 6x4Sx13xSBB,
13 inch impeller, 6 in. intake 4 in. outlet.
Traveler type
Hobbs Reel Rain - Model 2400L
Hose I.D. and len th each reel
4.1 inch I.D. 1250 feet
Gun and nozzle type (all fields)
Nelson Model F150 w/ 1.18 in. ring nozzle (two
nozzles on the gun cart(only 1 in use
Nelson Sprinkler diameter (mfg. stated
wetted diameter
315 feet @ 60 psi
Expected flow and pressure with selected
nozzle (farmer tries to keep nozzle pressure
more or less constant
225 gpm @ 60 psi per gun (Nelson gun, mfg.
published info,)
Selected lane spacing
315 ft +/- (really not applicable since all pull lanes
are single lanes
Friction losses:
See Exhibit 25 for a complete listing
Gun cart retrieval mechanism
On board gasoline engine.
Antici ated wetted gun arc all fields
270 degrees
Maximum Horsepower required @ 225 gpm
maximum head(considering allpulls)
40 hp (approximately)
Irrigation System Layout And Operation
The grower plans to use most of the existing system as is with only a few modifications. The new
portions of the system will be tied into the existing piping. Riverside Farm and Little River Farm
will be separated with a new in -line valve. Minor pipe and hydrant placement variations due to on
site conditions is allowable.
The operator should always try and keep the gun nozzle at the same pressure and thus deliver the
same amount of water (i.e. gpm) on each pull for ease in record keeping. Each time the traveling gun
is set up it will need to be checked for the proper pressure and delivery. It is beyond the scope of
this document to predict all pumping rates and traveler retrieval speed combinations to achieve a
variety of application rates. The engineer must however rely on the farmer's record keeping ability
to accurately track gallons pumped and nutrient amounts delivered. Adjustments can also be made in
engine speeds (i.e. rpm) to increase or lower irrigation rates but use caution since this will also
change application coverage. The farmer will find it most convenient to adjust gun cart retrieval
speed when changing application volumes. Table 22 shows gun cart speeds for a specific set of
operational parameters. Cart speed will not change the effective coverage, nozzle output or
precipitation rates, but it will change application volumes.
As a general comment, more water will be applied at the bottom of His than at the tops if slopes are
significant. This will be mainly due to the higher nozzle pressures at lower elevations. The farmer
may find it more convenient to set applications to be correct at low points and thereby apply less on
hill tops as the cart is being retrieved. Otherwise he will need to adjust the delivery rate throughout
46

1
Riverside Fart" CAWW - Fcb 2000
the pull on hills. Averages can also be used if over applications do not occur in low areas. Exhibit
' 25 shows detailed head loss calculations.
Critical elements of the irrigation process are listed on an example record keeping form attached as
' Exhibit 11. The operator shall also keep records on equipment repairs, maintenance, and irrigation
calibrations. The engineer recommends irrigation calibration be done at least one time per year but
semi-annual calibration would be better. Information on calibration can be seen as Exhibit 15. The
farmer should consult with his or her irrigation dealer to obtain more information on calibration or
contact a qualified. irrigation specialist.
Wastewater shall not be allowed to run off any field at any time. Application rates should be as
low as needed to avoid surface run-off or water ponding. When using traveling guns the
instantaneous application rate is often above desired precipitation rates however the duration is
minimal so run-off should not occur. Most soils at this site could accept a short 'duration loading
rate of about 0.5 in./hr or higher but caution should be used if irrigating at high precipitation rates.
Strong slopes or wet conditions may cause irrigation rates to be less or require pull rates to be fast.
' If irrigation selections are causing run-off, the operator should change nozzles, increase travel speed,
reduce application or pump rates, etc. Changing gun cart speed is probably the easiest adjustment,
but it will not change the application rate. The farmer should avoid irrigating low areas in the fields
or spots which tend to stay wet. Keep good vegetative buffers between irrigated fields and the
creek. The engineer would recommend very limited irrigation or no irrigation in grass water ways,
stormwater channels, and near down -slope grass buffers.
The operator of an agricultural irrigation system for wastewater must be certified. Certification
details are not discussed within this document but more information on the irrigation operators
certification program can be obtained by calling the N.C. Division of Soil and Water Conservation at
[phone].
' Grading And Clearing For Travel Lanes (use if needed)
Since the last CAWW was written, Riverside Farm has filled in and smoothed out several low areas
in their fields. This now allows for smooth irrigation pulls between fields. Beware that the gun cart
should be pulled up and down hills if possible and not across the sides of steep hills. A tilted gun
cart is more easily turned over and will also alter the effective coverage of the spray. Exhibit 6
' shows the one travel lane at Riverside Farm. The engineer does not expect any additional clearing
necessary for travel lanes. If needed to smooth out cart paths, remove all stumps and large rocks,
and place soil in gullies and valleys.
1
Recently cleared or disturbed soil areas (if applicable) shall be seeded for soil stabilization. Irrigation
' shall be limited on these areas until grass is well established. Traveler pulls across these disturbed soil
areas will be allowed if a cover crop is planted. Filling valleys can block natural drainage ways. If
earthen bridges are constructed between hills a stormwater culvert may need to be installed. Sizing
' stormwater culverts is beyond the scope of this plan.
47

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Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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Trenches And Pipe installation
' Care in installing pipes or force mains will greatly reduce long term problems and potential leaks.
Exhibit 22 goes into detail about trench construction, pipe fitting, thrust block installation, trench
cover up, etc. For brevity the engineer will not repeat these details here. Some new pipe installation
' is planned at the farm.
' The existing pipe at Riverside Farm is a mixture of 4 inch and 6 inch PVC. The 6 inch pipe is,
SDR21, class 200 gasketed joint pipe. All 4 inch PVC pipe is reported to be schedule 40, glued or
gasketed joint. New pipe shall be installed a minimum of 36 inches deep. Trench depths between 40
inches and 48 inches would be better, Cut trenches and back -fill according to Exhibit 22.
Concrete thrust blocks are necessary on irrigation system piping in order to prevent pipe movement
' and failure. Very often air in the pipe lines will cause water hammer to occur. Sudden shocks due to
water hammer or water rushes can loosen joints or break pipe. Thrust blocks are especially needed
for pipes 4 inches in ' diameter or larger and for gasketed joint pipe. Reaction blocks should be
installed at bends greater than 10 degrees. Figure 1 of Exhibit 22 shows several examples of reaction
block configuration.
' Tables 29 and 30 show suggested reaction areas for thrust blocking. These are guidelines only.
Concrete should be well nixed and be at least a 2500 pound consistency. Thrust blocks are usually
between 4 and 12 inches thick and back up against the undisturbed soil of a trench wall. These are
given for future guidance. Suggested (new) thrust block locations are shown on Exhibit 6,
TABLE 29
' Minimum Concrete Thrust Block Areas For PVC Pipe
Maximum Test Pressure Assumed =160 psi
Thrust Block Areas (sq. ft.)
1
L
1
Location
Sandy Loams +
Medium Firm Cla s ++
4 inch pipe
6 inch pipe
4 inch pipe
6 inch pipe
90 degree elbows
1.6
3.4
1.2
2.4
60 degree elbows
1.2
2.4
0.8
1.7
45 degree elbows
0.9
L8
0.6
1.3
30.de ree elbows
0.6
1.2
0.4
0.9
22.5 degree elbows
05
0.9
0.3
0'7
Dead ends
. 1.2
2.4
0.8
1.7
Tees
0,8
1.7
0.6
1.2
Hydrants
1.6
3.4
1.2
2.4
Drains
1.2
2.4
0.8
1.7
Ground ent pipe
0.9
1.9
0.7
L4
Valves
1.3
2.6
0.9
1.9
* Calculated using formula and tables on pages 6 and 7 of Exhibit 22. More firm soils will reduce thrust
block surface areas. Less firm soils will increase thrust block areas.
+ Sandy Loams assumed at 2,500 lb/sq. ft.
+ Medium Firm Clay assumed at 3,500 lb/sq. ft.
48

Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
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TABLE 30
Minimum Concrete Thrust Block Areas For PVC Pipe
Maximum Test Pressure Assumed = 200 psi
Thrust Block Areas (sq. ft.) *
Location
Sandy Loams +
Medium Firm Cla s ++
4 inch pipe
6 inch pipe 1
4 inch pipe
6 inch pipe
90 ' de ree elbows
2
4.2
1.5
3.0
60 degree elbows
1.5
3.0
1.0
2.1
45 degree elbows
1.1
2.3
0.8
1.6
30 degree elbows
0.8
1.6
0.5
1.1
22.5 degree elbows
0.6
1.2
0.4
0.8
Dead ends
1.5
3.0
1.0
2.1
Tees
1.0
2.1
0.7
1.5
Hydrants
2.0
4.2
1.5
3.0
Drains
1.5
3.0
1.0
2.1
Ground entry pipe
1.2
2.4
0:8
1.7
Valves
1.6
3.3
1.1
2.3
* Calculated using formula and tables on pages 6 and 7 of Exhibit 22. More firm soils will reduce thrust
block surface areas. Less firm soils will increase thrust block areas.
+ Sandy Loams assumed at 2,500 lb/sq. ft.
+ Medium Firm Clay assumed at 3,500 lb/sq. ft.
Valves And System Safety
When irrigation is underway the entire underground pipe system may be pressurized. Special valve
caps at each hydrant prevent water from flowing except where the irrigation reel is connected.
Exhibit 22 shows a typical plumbing arrangement from the irrigation pump to underground piping.
This is an illustration only but does show needed components. A flange type butterfly type valve
installed at each hydrant will afford much control of irrigation seepage while connecting reels to
hydrants, however the standard cap type valve (i.e. bonnet) on each hydrant is acceptable. The
installer shall place concrete collars around hydrants as needed to prevent pipe movement. Also see
Exhibit 6 for a typical hydrant illustration
The irrigation pump currently in use at Riverside Farm has a high/low pressure cut-off switch
installed on the power unit used to pump lagoon effluent. Should a pipe break or a pipe blockage
occur the power unit (and irrigation) will automatically shut down. This switch would take the
place of a pressure relief valve however a pressure relief valve is a low cost safety device that is
recommended on every system. Most brands for said purpose would be acceptable. The farmer shall
test this emergency cut-off switch routinely to make sure it works. The engineer would recommend
a monthly test as a minimum. DO NOT LEAVE IRRIGATION SYSTEM OPERATING
UNATTENDED.
Valves to control flow should be of a size and type that is consistent with the volume and material
type being pumped. Swine effluent is corrosive. Ball and butterfly type valves tend to be more
49

Riverside Farm CAWW - Feb 2000
1
durable than gate valves but either is acceptable. Never shut off valves quickly or open them
' quickly under full flow conditions. Be careful when filling empty pipes in order to avoid water
hammer and their possible rupture when water rushes through the system. Table 31 is a general
guide for filling irrigation type piping.
TABLE 31
SAFE FILLING RATES FOR MAINLINE IRRIGATION PIPE +
11
1
L�
1
11
1
I .
1
1
1
1
Nominal Pipe Diameter inches
Maximum Fill Rate(gallons 2er minute ++.
2
11
2.5
15
3
24
4
40
6
80
8
150
10
250
12
350
14
475
16
620
18
780
20
980
24
1400
+ This table was obtained from information given in a NCSU training class on irrigation. It appears to have
originated from David D. Davis and Associates.
++ Slowly increase flow rates. Generally speaking increase flaw rates about 30 gpm per minute. Use caution
to fill pipes according to this table every time the mainline has drained down by 10 percent of its volume
capacity.
Air valves are being used at the farm to drain air from the system when it becomes pressurized.
Valve placements are shown on Exhibit 7. Typically these air relief valves are placed at each
hydrant and on the force mains which cross high points of all hills.
Exhibit 6 does not propose any drain port locations. However if used, install drain ports at low
points of the irrigation system, These ports are to be used to winterize the system and in some
cases can drain out hundreds or even thousands of gallons of effluent if opened. Due to
environmental concerns the engineer is requiring that any effluent which is drained be contained
either in a small pit or tank and land applied or put back into the lagoon system. Effluent from pipes
can not be emptied onto the soil and allowed to drain off -site.
System Operation And Maintenance
Exhibit 24 is a general irrigation systems operation and maintenance guide. This document is
adequate for said purpose. In addition the farmer shall adhere to equipment manufactures
recommendations for equipment operation and maintenance.
50

Riverside Farm CAWW - Feb 2000
Irrigation Examples
Perhaps the best way to summarize irrigation methodology is with examples. There are examples
only but contain many of the critical irrigation elements the farmer will need to figure his or her own
irrigation parameters. The reader can also refer to numerous other examples (e.g. NC Cooperative
' Extension Training Manual AG-538-A, etc.),
Example 1.
' Conditions
• Source of irrigation water: Riverside Farm anaerobic lagoon effluent.
' • Assumed nitrogen levels in effluent: 0.33 lbs P.A.N,/1000 gallons (for example only).
• Month of application: Late February
• Type of cover crop: Winter Wheat with Fescue Grass beginning to green.
' • Desired nitrogen loading rate: Follow the CAWMP guidelines.
• Type of irrigation equipment: Hobbs Rain Model 2400L with one Nelson F150, 1.18 inch ring
nozzle.
' • Application Conditions: Apply at no more than agronomic rates and avoid run-off.
Calculations and considerations:
L From the soils data presented earlier we know that the recommended hydraulic loading at any
one application is estimated to be between 0.3 and 0.75 inches (see Table 20). The upper range
' of 0.75 inch of total application assumes very dry soil conditions and is usually in warm or hot
weather. Now compare the desired loading rates with your waste utilization plan for the
applicable month. You may or may not be able to apply the maximum amount of water due to
' nutrient limitations, poor crop health, or wet conditions. Do not allow run off and do not over
apply nutrients. You know the soil is relatively dry but February is usually not warm. You decide
' to apply about 0.3 inches of liquid to be on the safe side. Experience may temper this value
later.
' 2. From enclosed literature and Table 28 the reel hose length is 1,250 feet, The 1.18 inch ring
nozzle is being used. You plan to apply waste on all your fields the same (for example) and
desire to maintain about 60 psi at the nozzle. The operator verifies this with a pressure gauge on
the gun cart. At 60 psi the nozzle will deliver 225 gpm. From calibration data the farmer can and
should verify this value since the tables can sometimes be wrong. The manufacture's reported
diameter of the nozzle is around 315 feet (taken from Exhibit 20) assuming no wind and more or
' less ideal conditions.
3. Estimate the precipitation rate for the above system. Assume we use a rotation arc (w) for our
' gun of 270 degrees. The rotation arc is adjustable.
' Precipitation Rate (in/hr) = 963 x sprinkler flow m 360
3.16 x [0.9 x sprinkler radius (ft)]' x w
1-1
51
1

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Fete 2000
PR (in/hr) = 96.3 x 225 360
' 3.16 x [0.9 x 315/2]2 x 270
PR = 0.455 in/hr (This is a moderate precipitation rate and could result in run-off under certain
conditions. However if you pull the gun cart fast the precipitation rate is not as critical. However it
might be a little high, so you could reduce the nozzle pressure and flow rate, increase the rotation of
the gun, etc. You decide but do not allow run-off).
4. Remember that precipitation rate and application values are not the same thing. We have decided
to apply 0.3 inches of water to be put out and safeguard against run off. How fast do you need
' to pull the gun cart to only apply 0.3 inches of water?
' Travel Speed (in/min) _ 119.3 x sprinkler flow rate pm) I
line spacing (fi) x application volume (inches)
where: gpm = 225
lane spacing = 315 feet
' application volume = 0.3 in (first try)
Travel Speed = I9.3 x 225 = 46 in/min (3.8 ft/min)
' 315 x 0.3
The reader can also look at Table 22 for already calculated values for these particular settings.
5. For this example assume you have pulled out 530 feet of hose and wish to know how long it will
take to retrieve.
' Time of pull: 530 feet/3.8 fn/min = 139.5 minutes (2.32 hours)
' Discussion: Please note that 0.3 inches is the target loading volume to try - for this type soil/crop
combination at this particular time. If these were `what if' type calculations and the farmer was
happy with the calculated results, the farmer would now compare these values with equipment
t capabilities and make sure all parameters are within the capabilities of the machine. The owner will
likely have to calculate his or her own values based on nutrient analyses and application rates. For
instance, the farmer may wish to pull -the gun cart faster to apply less water per acre. This is why it is
' extremely important to calibrate equipment and keep good records. The owner/operator must use
common sense to evaluate all parameters and apply them to the task at hand. The above calculation
is only an example and is not intended to take the place of equipment manufactures
recommendations. Also if irrigation occurs on "non -uniform" land, the operator must account for
irrigation variations. Do not over apply near hydrants or in areas that tend to stay wet. Carefully
' watch the system over an entire pull to see if run-off is occurring. The irrigation amounts will vary
between the top and bottom of slopes. If pull lanes are not side by side you may not get uniform
coverage to keep all crops in good condition. A good water meter on your system may save you
' time and make recording water usage much easier.
52

I�
Riverside Farm CAWN P - Feb 2000
Example 2
' Lets assume that no run-off occurred in the above example. So the farmer thinks he/she could
irrigate more volume. So he/she wishes to increase the loading to 0.5 inches and try that. How
much should the irrigation gun cart speed be changed in order to achieve this result?
1. Use the formula shown in item 4 of Example 1 or use the ratio:
' (0.3 in/0.5 in) x 46 in/min = 27.6 in/min (or about 2.3 ft/minute)
Discussion: Reduce the gun cart speed to about 28 in/min in order to increase the application volume
of effluent to 0.5 in. The precipitation rate would stay the same as calculated in Example 1, part 3
above assuming the operating pressures and pumping rates remain the same. But again, carefully
watch for effluent run-off,
' Example 3
Assume an application of 0.5 inches does not result in run-off and the farmer is happy with the
' retrieval rate of 28 in/min. He/she wishes to irrigate pull F7 (Field F7 for record keeping). How many
hours of irrigation time will be required? How many gallons of effluent will be pumped? How much
' P.A.N. will be applied total and per acre?
From Table 21 the total effective wetted area of F2 is 7.07 acres. The pull length is 920 feet.
' 920 ft / 2.3 ft/min = 400 minutes or 6,67 hours
6.67 hours = 0.94 hr/acre or 1.06 acres per hour
7.07 acres
This does not include set up time, moving the traveler, hose deployment, pipe connections, etc.
' 2. Total volume pumped = 225 gal/min x 60 mimI r = 13,500 gal/hr
13,500 gph x 6.67 hours = 90,045 gallons.
The operator should not always rely on "average values" since nozzle pressures and application rates
are can change across a field and between fields. Fill out Exhibit 11 for each field irrigated and
' calculate individual applications per field. Again a water meter can make keeping track of gallons
pumped easy, but make sure it stays calibrated.
' 3. P.A.N. Application
' 0.33 lbs P.A.N,/1000 gallons x 90,045 gal = 29.7 pounds P.A.N.
29.7 lbs P.A.N, / 7.07 acres = 4.2 lbs P.A.N./acre
1
53
1

�I
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
Discussion: The reader can compare this value with the allowable nitrogen application in that month
' from the waste utilization plans (Table 25), By doing this the operator will note that 4.24 pounds of
P.A.N. is about 17 percent of the target maximum of 25 pounds mentioned for February. This is not
much but may be all you can apply given the soil conditions. The operator must decide. The
' operator may wish to apply another application of waste in a few weeks, Slight over or under values
are to be expected. Use test data from waste analyses to accurately calculate P.A.N. To decrease
P.A.N. application in this example, increase the pull speed gun cart. Be careful to keep track of your
1 yearly accumulation of P.A.N.
Example 4
' Lets assume (for example only) the operator pulls out the gun cart to a point considerably down hill
from a hydrant. After starting up the irrigation pump he/she checks the pressure gauge on the gun
cart nozzle and find it reads 70 psi. The operator thinks this pressure may cause him/her to over
' apply water and risk run-off because the soil is not extremely dry. What is the speed the operator
will need to pull the cart in order to apply a volume to 0.4 inches (a value you feel is safe to avoid
run-off)?
' 1, From Exhibit 20 the approximate flow from the nozzle at 70 psi is 245 m per nozzle. Our
Pp p gp
desired flow from earlier calculations was 225 gpm, Now use the Travel Speed Equation (Example
1, part 4) to find the needed retrieve speed.
' Travel Speed (in/min) _ D9.26 x sprinkler flow rate (gpm)1
line spacing (ft) x application volume (inches)
where: gpm = 245
' lane spacing = 315 feet
application volume = 0.4 in (to avoid possible run-off
' Travel Speed = 19.26 x 245 = 37 in/min (3.1 ft/min)
315 x A
Discussion: If the hill is steep, the cart comes back up the hill the nozzle pressure will be reduced (i.e.
not as much elevation difference) and the application volume will be reduced below 0.4 inches. You
may wish to closely watch the application event to see if run-off occurs at the lower portions of the
' hill. If it does not occur go ahead and let the retrieval speed remain at the pre-set rate or slow it
down as it comes up the hill to keep the application amount the same. Use good judgment.
Remember, all of the above examples are close approximations. Try to stay within sound and safe
' operating ranges.
Example 5
' Suppose you want to use an average for irrigated volume when pulling the gun cart up hill. How do
you do this? Lets assume you pull out your gun cart on a particular field and set the pressure at the
' nozzle at 60 psi. Then you pull the gun cart back up the hill. Just before the gun cart finishes its pull
you record the nozzle pressure to be 50 psi. Assume it took 3 hours and 15 minutes to make this
pull (3.25 hours). What has been the average gallons applied during this pull?
1
54

1
Riverside Farni CAWMP - Feb 2000
Lets assume the hill is relatively uniform. First determine the calculated gallons per minute at the
' start and stop of the pull. The change in pressure between the bottom and top of the hill is 10 psi.
Look at Exhibit 20 to see the nozzle data output and calculate the beginning and end nozzle output.
' At 60 psi the output of the nozzle(s) is 225 gpm.
At 50 psi the output of the nozzle(s) is 205 gpm.
tFor the uniform hill: 225 g.pm + 205 Rpm = 215 gpm (avg.)
2
215 gm x 3.25 hours x 60 min/hour = 41 925 allons
gP g
' Discussion: Note that the gun cart retrieval should be more or less constant. Here is when the
output changes and an average is appropriate. The 215 gpm was the average between the 225 gpm
and the 205 gpm.
' In practical terms, you can make these determinations one time for each of your pulls and as long as
the operational parameters are the same (i.e. motor rpm, pressures, pull track, etc.) you should not
' have to recalculate the output every time. However, do use some common sense and check the
calibration on your equipment regularly. A few hundred gallons of effluent will not make or break
' your irrigation routine. Be as careful as possible but do not get too detailed unless you have a very
good and accurate way to measure each and every parameter, A top quality water meter is also a
very helpful tool for the irrigator but it must be suitable for animal waste. Be careful about using
1 nozzle pressure greater than those mentioned in the CAVVMP since your effective irrigation coverage
changes when you change nozzle pressures. Slight changes in nozzle pressure is an operational
reality.
Misc. Personal Safety Tips Around Animal Waste Application Sites
' Always use caution around PTO shafts, manure drag chains, gears, sprockets, tractors and power
units. Be sure to follow the equipment manufactures recommendations for operation and safety and
never disconnect safety devices. Think before you act!
' When pulling a manures reader be careful not to drive into ditches or over stumps. Do not sit in
P g p P
' one place and discharge manure since this can kill vegetation and result in manure run-off when it
rains. Do not let children ride tractors or farm equipment. Do not work on equipment when it is
running.
Manure spreaders can have rotating chains and gears as well as high speed beaters that sling manure
(if using a solid type manure). Loose clothing can easily become entangled in these moving parts.
' Also sharp metal edges of the spreader will likely be covered with animal manure and can cause
infection if a cut occurs. Beware of PTO shafts which run broadcast equipment or manure
spreaders.
1
55

7 �J
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
Always observe sanitary principals around animal waste. Keep your dirty hands away from your
' mouth, nose, and eyes when working with manure. Immediately administer first aid for cuts and
scrapes around animal manure.
' When in operation, an irrigation system is under high pressure and can be dangerous. A sudden
release of pressure in the face can easily blind or even kill an operator. Also if elbows, tees, valves,
or other parts suddenly break off, they will be projected through the air at high velocity. This can be
' a deadly missile for the operator. Always use caution around irrigation systems, PTO shafts,
tractors and power units. Be sure to follow the equipment manufactures recommendation for
operation and safety and never disconnect safety devices. Think before you act!
GENERAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR RIVERSIDE FARM
1 Animal wastes can not impact the surface waters of North Carolina. In the event of an
emergency or accidental discharge, Purvis Farms and/or the farm manager at that time shall take the
' necessary measures to eliminate or at least minimize the impact of the discharge and if possible keep
it out of nearby creeks. An emergency may be effluent overflow from a lagoon, a dam failure, severe
run-off of soil and nutrients due to a storm, a broken effluent pipe, etc. The owners are required to
' have a customized Emergency Response Plan for this farm, As a minimum the following shall be
done (do as applicable):
1. Take the necessary measures to safeguard lives.
2. Stop the discharge source and then any off site discharges ASAP. Temporary measures are
acceptable in an emergency. Cut off the irrigation pump (or other pumps) if necessary. Keep the
' e�gnt out of surface waters. See Exhibit 19 for plan ideas
3. Get a contractor or equipment to the site to contain the discharge on a more permanent basis if
this is necessary. Do not wait for the contractor to arrive before getting more help if needed.
4. Notify all of these persons listed below (as needed).
5. In the event of a lagoon problem, develop an agreement with a local earth moving contractor who
has equipment that can be on -site within hours in the event of an emergency. This shall be a standing
' agreement between the farm owners and the contractor. In an emergency notify the contractor of
the situation and specify the type of equipment needed. Use on -farm tractors, back -hoes, etc. to
' contain the discharge.
S. Evaluate the situation quickly and reduce the impact of the problem if at all possible. This can be
done by turning off valves, stopping water flows, stop flush tanks, diverting problem flows, adding
' soil to dams, making small dams in drainage ditches, installing temporary earthen dams or ditches
with farm equipment, pump excess water to other holding areas, etc. Not all measures are applicable
to all situations. Irrigating during rainfall events may be better than allowing a dam to fail in an
emergency, but notify DWQ first and discuss options.
7. Notify DWQ officials ASAP but always within 24 hours of the problem (sooner is better).
8. Notify local authorities if lives or property are threatened.
1
1
,a
�

Riverside Farm CAWW - Feb 2000
1
CONTACT PERSONS IN AN EMERGENCY
1. N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc. - Office - (910) 94872297.
' 2. David Purvis - N.G. Purvis Owner - Mobile - [phone].
3. Melvin Purvis - N.G. Purvis Owner - Home - [phone],
' 4. Anthony Moore - N.G. Purvis Employee - Home - [phone] Mobile - [phone].
5. Wayne Frye - N.G. Purvis Employee - Home - [phone] Mobile - [phone].
6. David Jones - N.G. Purvis Employee - Home [phone] Mobile [phone].
7. Don Thomas - Contractor [phone].
8. Larry F. Graham, P.E. - EES - [phone].
9. Regional Office of DWQ, Fayetteville, N.C. - [phone].
10, DWQ emergency phone for after hours [phone].
11. Montgomery County NRCS - [phone].
12. Local emergency management personnel in Montgomery County- 9-1-1.
' 13. Montgomery County Environmental Health Department - [phone].
14. Montgomery County Sheriffs Department -Phone: 9-1-1.
15. Others:
' 16, Others:
' The farm owners should develop their own detailed Emergency Response Plan and review this
plan with all appropriate persons and employees. Exhibit 19 shows more information related to
such plans. Emergency contacts and phone numbers should be posted in visible locations, like inside
' the managers shack or office and near every telephone. This Emergency Response Plan should have
considerable well thought out detail on what to do in each type emergency. The plan should address
environmental, medical, fire, and storm related emergencies. Update this plan annually and have
' regular employee refresher training sessions on emergency preparedness.
Discharge emergencies can happen very quickly and every minute counts. Discharges will probably
flow off -site rapidly giving the farm manager only a short time to react. Therefore making plans in
advance is a good investment and is much less expensive than lawyers or fines. The farmer should
take some time to walk around the site with farm employees and think about possible discharge
' emergencies. Ask yourself: which way would a discharge flow?, is there a creek nearby?, is there a
natural diversion that could be diked to stop the flow?, is there any emergency spill containment
equipment on site?, can you drive to the nearby creek to stop a flow before it gets away?, what
equipment would you use to stop a small or large discharge?
Go over these things in your mind and with farm managers and plan out your actions. Perhaps have
a few emergency drills to see how well your people are prepared. Discharges to nearby creeks are
serious and could cause you to loose your operating permit. Do not neglect this plan. It could save
you a great deal of trouble in the future.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND NOTICES
' The farm operator may wish to contact the following people and/or agencies for information or
training:
a Montgomery County NRCS office
' • Montgomery County Cooperative Extension Service
57

1
Riverside Farm CAWMP - Feb 2000
1
• N.C. Irrigation Society
' o NCDA
Also the reader should thoroughly review all the attached exhibits for helpful information and
' precautions.
Any person or company owning or controlling the property upon which an animal waste disposal
' system is in operation shall be responsible for all aspects of the disposal system. The system must be
maintained at all times to prevent direct seepage and/or discharge of effluent to the surface of ponds,
rivers, streams, or to any type of surface or ground waters.
Significant changes in operations, or problems should be duly noted and documented by the farmer.
tThe owner is hereby notified that he/she must operate this system in accordance with state and local
laws and regulations. Problems should be reported to the N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ)
' ASAP. DWQ phone numbers are listed under the emergency action plan section of this report,
Changes in animal steady state live weight, operations, ownership, and/or waste management must
first be discussed with DWQ before proceeding. This is not an option for the farmer but a
requirement. Increases in SSLW will require plan modifications and a new permit.
All vegetation under irrigation shall be kept in peak condition at all times. This means the proper
fertilization, mowing, cutting, and liming. Overly wet or overly dry conditions can cause vegetative
' stress or death, therefore the operator shall be careful to monitor vegetative performance. Baled hay
can not be left to rot next to spray fields. Harvested crops must be removed from the site.
' The project engineer can not take responsibility for the accuracy of all information or conclusions
made by others and referenced herein. Much of the information presented above is based on
' estimated conditions,- estimated operational capabilities, etc. that are subject to change. When
dealing with so many variables and natural elements it is impossible to predict in advance all
operational conditions, however the concepts and methodology presented above are reliable. The
1 information above is presented in a detailed fashion so that system operators can recalculate and
adjust certain parameters from year to year:
The engineer takes no responsibility for changes made to the above plan before, during, or after
construction without his knowledge. Nor does the engineer take any responsibility for human losses
or property damages which should occur due to poor workmanship, improper use of machinery,
' unknown conditions above or below ground level, legal problems with boundary lines or easements,
acts 'of nature, "short-cuts" the owner may take in system construction, legislative rule changes
during or after plan development, or improper system operation. Information given to the engineer
' by the owner or others and used in these specifications shall be taken as truth if it can not be verified
otherwise.
■ DWQ officials and local health officials are authorized to inspect the system at any time.
' It is of the utmost importance that all activities with regards to waste utilization and irrigation
be recorded and kept in a safe place on the farm. Exhibit 11 forms may be altered to include
58

1
Riverside Fares CAWMP - Feb 2000
more data if needed. Good records are essential to good waste utilization practices. The
' farmer must provide documentation for harvested products (e.g. weigh tickets for hay bales or
sales tickets for bushels of corn).
' The farm owner must keep a copy of this certified report on the farm at all times. He or she
must adhere to these plans as much as is possible. Alterations in waste management practices
shall at no time violate the intent of this plan.
This document does not contain all specifications, rules, and laws associated with the land
application and management of animal waste. Copies of such guidelines and documentation
' can be obtained at the local NRCS office, the regional office of DWQ, or from the Cooperative
Extension Service.
1 END OF CERTIFIED ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN SPECIFICATIONS
1
1
1
59

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EXHIBITS SECTION

Exhibit 1
mix 4
ell
Vicinity Map For Little
River And Riverside Farms
Montgomery County
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NORTH CAROLINA
rall'"16 11' 144
NORTH CAROUNA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS —PLANNING AND RESEARCH BRANCH
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION

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eonotnic,Divisioni4300 lie ed yCreek=.RoadtftIei ��;NCg27607k;6465*9.�19 .733;'t'265.5 ;` Re oft*No:�;W0.1'4S3sf,1 i .
• Grottier: Moore, Anthony Copies To: County Extension Director
2504 Spies Rd. [iSDA-NRCS-Montgomery
Robbins, NC 27325
10/24/97
Exhibit 5
Waste A nalyszs e2boYt Bann: Purvis farms
Montgomery County
5ain leilnfo'
tl:afiarato� `;Resiilts� -arts#`
er�iiiilliouunles'sotf�e� is��oted ��,.��.:'�`�
Sample ID:
iLS
N
P x Ca A!g S Fe Mn Zn Cu - B Mo Cl C
Total 252 M
41.1 627 83.8 40.5 32.1 4.83 0.75 0.81 0.67 0.56
IN -N
L M At M 11 M At M Af . At
Taste Code.
-NI14
:us
-NO3
Na Ni Cd Pb Al Se Li PH SS ON DM% CCE% ALE K al
265 7.75
Description:
OR-N
i vine Lagoon Li .
Urea
II
.. i. w.ti ._. .R r ��....
Recommendations:
.. � _��. .. ate..... .._. � .�
NutHents` Oa'ifa6letfor First Cro ,„ ��� lLs/1000 110
O.th Elements IGsf1.000 ullor. -
rrigat�on
I
og �• .0 4 0 0.19 o:a `- do _ _ ' � _
5anii Ie-lnfo ', - '�
=i:atiorito R661W P&W3 er million unless otlieiti_ Fi`seknoted
'Sanip teID:
N
� P K Ca Xq S Fe Mn Zn Cu B Afo Cl C
LR
Total 357 Af
53.4 343 91.0 42.8 38.1 4.57 0.18 0.36 0.23 0.15
IN -N
M M At II 11 At M At At L
Waste Code:
-N114
Na Ni Cd Pb Al Se Li PH SS CN DAM 02% ALE n
,us
-NO3
Description:
OR-N
153 7.46
Swine Lagoon Li , -
Urea
M
Recommendatlo`hs.
vailable+fMoFirstXCro .,__ ILs/I000 alto ys -
��`�°-�r. ' �.Nutriepts:A �s r
Otire"r Elements, , y F' ,llis/1400j' alloirs
;�Irr�gatioa ;, 1c3 0 � .7 a,53 0 25 0 22 0 03• n i' �• ,tT � 7' �- �
/�•lji'�•: -'+:Yti .. �i=-�.�C7.r J�.v..�n.�. .-3G}y -- r`5l rvNww'r... ^l. � +k•�i"'i�.+ -
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ei iv isiorir4300:Reed Creek-Road�iRalei -NG'-27607= 4C5 919 I'73-kz2655
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Grower: Moore, Anthony
Copies To: County Eadensian Director
.
WasteAnalysis
2504 Spies Rd.
Robbins, NC 27325
R.0-hort Farm:
USDA-NRCS-Montgomery
1/29/98
Montgomery County
Sam le:rnfoA. ' .— :
'T.aborato Results; arts'"ersmillron.unless otberwi'se note
Sample ID:
I it:
N
P A Ca M S Fe Mn Zn
Cu B MO CI C
Total 448 M
38.2 263 95.6 25.9 18.9 2.12 0.14 0.32
0.24 0.03
1N -N
L M M M M M L M
M VL
Waste Code:
-N1I4
Na Ali Cd A Al Se Li P11
SS C.•N DM% CCE% ALF a
ALS
-NO3
Description:
OR-N
115 7.61
Nine Upon Li .
Urea
M
Reconimendatlons:�����;,����`���,�Nutcients�Aivailable'�,fai,Fi�st�;Cra
.� �"� �` �:�;'�l�s�/,1000� allons
4tit'�r�Rleiments° -`� ``�"'1�%I000; atto�""`:,�,
r
y w
Sam'"1e,Info
1Caliorafo ;Results? a`rfs� er Ili u`n unless otlle vise noted - " y
Sample ID.-N
P K Ca M S Fe Afn Zn CU B MO CI C
W-?
Total 133 L
24.3 159 51.1 31.1 20.7 1.54 1.57 0.20 0.22 0.00
IN -N
L L M M M M H L M VL
Waste Code:
-NI14
ALS
-NO3
Na Ni Cd Pb Al Se If H SS ON DM% CCE% ALB a
Description:
OR-N
78.1 7.99
Swine Lagoon Li .
Urea
M
R66i d i i 16 b 9 i-t tz," W&V�
NutriifawAvailable f6 Fitst tro" gIbill 000 a110ris"
Oilier EIe ientS° `'` 1b I000 alto s
pplfraflorr= fetboo`. "' NI.�P205� "Rxd'�t`'�'°Ca=-. �Mg;}�'�S- "Fe'� " Mri`Zri `�Cri��`B'�`- `• Mo GY
Irrt-0.50X 0 32t 13 0 30
•Na' ,� Cd Pbw - �I " .Se ' Lit
Un"",
1"! �S Va1'.b''"-�pB'`ti�f'°YC�'. }�i „j�.Y�: +1'°`�
E3M=
—
_ ^',w•n�.'eF'
S.•;_� _.�
AYa .r,CY. .I��-➢,. F- ^3 : r�+:'".1... -wXi%ro+vwi"3:'1iF ` v. P........;..,°Ytiw'1 &'.r`�.5»x . Yc� .:

NC A onomic Division="4300`Ree4..Creek Road
Raiei i Nc' 27607-6465919 733-2655 '
=:°'iReport No:`-W05571'1V
Grotuer: NG Purvis Farms
Copies To: County blension Director
F
Attu: Anthony Moore
USDA -MRCS -Montgomery
2504 Spies Rd.
�y
as tQ
Robbins, RC 27325
ry
nalySisRA-olglort
I ann: NG Purvis Farms
6/22/98
Montgomery County
Sam le info.'`. �s �,
�k
Laberato Results= arts` er million unless" thcrnise noted
Sample ID:
N
P
K Ca Rg S Fe AN 7n
Ctr
B Mo CI - C
Llt
Total 539 M
73.7
451 lot 48.5 39.7 2,33 0.33 o.94
0.64
0.32
IN-N
M
M Af 11 I1 Af Al Af
M
M
Waste Code:
N114
AI S
-NO3
Na
Ni Cd Pb Al Se Li PH
SS
C:N DAN CCE% ALE !l al
188
7.45
Description:
OR-N
Swine Lagoon Li .
Urea
M
Recommendations"":V
,.
Ibs11000. allons
pthec;Eleirientsrilbs/1000" ativris`
plualionylfelliad
z4 2Q
Ca
S' Fe rc`Mi Zn, Cu B �fo - Gl
aMCdaff.
Se Li'
048
Sample ID:
N
P
K
Ca
M
S
Fe
Mr:
7n
Cu
a MO Cl C
Total 161 L
38.8
173
53.9
39.0
11.3
1.10
0.14
0.40
0.05
o,16
IiS
IN -N
L
L
M
M
L
L
L
M
YL
L
Waste Code:
NH4
ALS
-NO3
Na
Ni
Cd
Pb
Al
Se
Li
PH
SS
ON DM% CCE% ALE a!
89.2
7.76
Description:
OR N
Swine Lagoon Liq.
Urea
M

mmm'm
-r [}
NCDA A ronottiie Division . 43001{eedl Cree
Ito:
Jut let =tt iNG ,2'1b07-b4tb5,., 91 -205, K,
Re ort.tvu:_,,wu17.1:t�w,
Groruer: NG Purvis Farms
Copies To: County Uension Director
Ann: Anthony Moore
USDA -MRCS -Montgomery
2504 Spies Rd.
aste
A
nal sis R OYL
Robbins, NC 27325
G
Farm.
9/24/98
Montgomery County
Sam I Info. �� �7�����
r
-Laborato :Results' arts erntil[ion unless:otfieiwise'6oted
Sample 10:
N
P
K Ca M S
Fe Mn Zn
Cu B me Cl C
LR. `U
Total 304 Ai
66.0
427 83.9 45.0 27.1
3.66 0.33 0.98
0.44 0.29
JN -N
M
M M 11 M
M M M
M M
Waste Code:
-N114
i
ALS
-NO3
Na
Ni Cd A Al
Se Li PLI
SS C•N DM% GCE% ALE al
166
7.5
Description:
OR-N
Swine Lagoon Li .
Urea
M
Recommendations:
�- °� Nutrients AvailaBle`:for,Ftrst Cs o ' ��' ' , � 1Gs%100.0: allarrs
Otber Elements ° ` MM Ws/ION aligns
plikeat
T4. JCzO
Ga
Mg: ` . ` pe , Mn Zri Euj,. 1Vfp Cl
a t Cd .b
IirigatEoQ
1t3 0.88 3 t):49
0;26
Sam !e`Irifo �"'������
`I:aborato- Resiilts` `#s�"erSinillion unEess�`otlieiwise:noLed � "` �
Sample 1D:
N
P K Ca M S Fe . Mn Zn Cu B Mo Cl C
_
RS �
Total 7.28 VL
63.8 197 53.5 38.9 9.16 1.17 0.15 0.28 0.00 0.15
1NN
M M M M L L L M n L
Waste Code:
N114
i
ALS
-NO3
Na Ni Cd A At Se Li PH SS ON DM% CCE% ALE a
97.1 8.1
Description:
OR-N
Sivine Lagoon Li .
Urea
M
RecotnmendatIons:.
Nutilents Avallable;for:Firsi:Gro = • : 1bs/1OOU-m'allorrs
.. •.
Oilier Eleirients'' !bs/IOOD: alto`
p�ttatra' etbod' e! .N, P?05 X-. '�18 S Few MnZiiu.,�; . B Flo C1
0_.03 0:85 1:6 031�..023,�� �i•' 0.0.1 �T. T� 0`:00
Na i Cd b
8
��Irrt-gation• ,�
r

Grorver.• Purvis Farms Copies To: County Extension Director
2504 Spies Rd. USDA NRCS-Montgomery
Robbins, NC 27325
Waste Anaiysis G -Farm:Rpf)ort -
2/10/99 Montgomery County
Sairi"1�Info. ;%iiliosatii '-;Re`sait5' 'ar`t`s'"' r miCliounless�o#Iiec�ise< ton ed `` �� -
Sample IA: N P K Ca M S Fe Mn Zn Cu B MO Cl C
is Total 287 M 40.7 261 84.4 26.2 25.6 4.44 0.19 0.42 0.19 0.10
IN -N L M M M M M M M L L
Waste Code. -NII4
ALS -NO3 Na Ni Cd Pb Al Se LI PH SS ON DM% CCE% ALE a
Description: OR-N 100 7.74
Swine Lagoon Liq. Urea M
Sample ID:
I N
P
K
Ca
M9
S
Fe
Mn
Zn
Cu
B MO Cl C
R5
Total 34.3 R
35.1
172
49.5
30.9
18.0
2.62
0.35
0.24
0.13
0.03
IN _N
L
L
M
M
M
M
M
M
L
VL
Waste Code:
-NH4
ALS
-NO3
Na
Ni
Cd
A
Al
Se
Li
PH
SS
CN DM% CCE% ALE a
Description.
OR-N
81.7
8.86
Swine Lagoon Liq.
Urea
M

Cramer: Purvis Farms
AIfn-N_ G_ Patrvis
Copies To: County pension Director
T TST)A-NRGS-Mnntvnmenr

PIN
omic Division��' ,�
4300'Reed .CceelftiR id.Mikijh _NC 27ii07, 6465.•; 919 ' 733-2655
'
e rMMA 038'll
Grower: Purvis Farms
Copies To: County Extension Director
� .
wste
Analysis R effort
Attn:N. G. Purvis
2504 Spies Rd.
Robbins, NC 27325
Rarm.
End
USDA-NRCS-Montgomery
Exhibit 5
I2/ 8/99
Montgomery County
Sam le: dd- x
I;aboraCo' :Re"sults�-cts`"`er:million uuide s offe ise noted
t
Sample lD:
N
P K Ca M S
Fe Mn Zn
Cu
B MO CI C
LR~
Total 168 L
45.3 304 149 47.9 22.1
1.65 0.35 0.87
0.16
1.31
INN
M M H 11 M
M M M
L
H
Waste Code:
-N114
ALS
-NO3
Na Ni Cd Pb Al'
Se Li pff
SS
C:N DM% CCE% ALB a
Description:
OR-N
125
7.73
;Swine Lagoon Li .
Urea
M
Recommendafions.
utrients:Avai[ah[e fo1iFirst='Ci a'..�lbs%I000, allorrs�,
Otheilements' �Ibs%IQOO altorrs
AppliCctlO"rt"� etbod
_ 1rngtio
N P
Off 0 0.
Cii' hfgS„ _ FeMn Zn .• "'-,B �MoCl
87 028 f3.z 861 T 001' 0:01
a
.0
! `Pb a Li
jSarii' Iey1[i►fo
'laborata" `Result its er iriillioa unless otherwise noted _
�Sample ID:
N
P K Ca Mg S Fe Mn Zn Ca B Mo Cl C
RS
Total 18.1 VL
49.2 119 112 68.4 21.8 1.17 0.29 0.65 0.10 1.16
1N -N
M L M 11 M L M M VL H
Waste Code:
-A714
ALS
-NO3
Na Ni Cd Pb Al Se Li P11 SS ON DM% CCE% ALE al -
66.8 7.73
Description:
OR-N
Swine Lagoon Li .
Urea
L
Reco emendations:
_- ,ems. �:. ,�
• , Nutcienfs?Avatla>fle` for,F�rst Cro , -: lb — 60`Ot ullons
� �:
OtheKE[ements - :1bs11000' allons
�lrngation
.08 D.Ei6. 6
4

106 Exhibit 7 Soil Survey
I
(Typical Value)
TABLE 15.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
' [The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire
profile. Entries under "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates
that data were not available or were not estimated]
' Map symbol and :Depth! Clay
soil name I
1
. I
11
1
i In i
BaB, BaD, BaF----: 0-6 :
Badin : 6-25:
:25-40:
: 40 :
BbB, BbD:
Badin-----___---
Urban land.
i
10-27
35-55
0-6 ' 10-27
6-25I 35-55
25-401 -_
40 : ---
I
1
Moist ;
bulk
density
glee ,
I
I
1.40-1.60:
1.30-1.50:
1.40-1.60:
1.30-1.501
!
1
1
Ch--------------- 1 0-7 1 10-27 ;1.30-1.601
Chewacla : 7-64: 18-35 11.30-1.60:
:64-80: --- ! --- :
Ck---------------! 0-6 I 10-27 !1.30-1.60:
Chewacla 1 6-601 18-35 :1.30-1.501
160-801 --- 1 --- 1
I I I 1
Co---------------i 0-101 5-15 11.30-1.60:
Congaree 110-401 18-35 I1.20-1.50:
:40-701 --- 1 --- :
EcB, EcD--------- 1 0-6 : 5-15 11.45-1.65:
Enon : 6-28: 20-35 11.30-1.501
:28-651 35-60 :1.20-1.40:
1 I I I
1 I I I
EnC, EnE---------: 0-6 : 5-20 :1.45-1.651
Enon : 6-28: 20-35 11.30-1.501
:28-65: 35-60 11.20-1.401
1 I 1 I
GeB-------------- 110-8 : 5-27 11.20-1.401
Georgeville 1 8-59: 35-60 :1.20-1.40:
:59-80: 15-40 :1.20-1.40:
I I I k
GfB2-------------: 0-8 : 27-35 :1.20-1.40:
Georgeville : 8-59: 35-60 :1.20-1.401
159-801 15-40 11.20-1.40:
. GoC, GoF---------
: 0-7 : 5-15 11.40-1.60:
1 Goldston : 7-16: 5-27 :1.40-1.60:
116-361 ---
1 1
HeB, HeD--- -----: 0-6 1 7-20 :1.45-1.65:
Hiwassee : 6-58: 35-60 :1.30-1.45I
158-80: 7-35 11.45-1.65:
I 1 I 1
I 1 ( 1
KkB-------------- 1 0-101 4-20 :1.20-1.40:
Kirksey 110-34: 18-35 11.20-1.40:
:34-461 5-25 :1.20-1.40:
46
k 1 I I
I 1 1 I
Permeability ;Available; Soil ;Shrink -swell ; factors I Organic
water ;reaction; potential i-i matter
In/in , 2LIk ,
0.6-2.0 10.14-0.20I3.6-6.5 :Low ---------- I0.15: 3
0.6-2.0 :O.I4-0.1913.6-5.5 !moderate ----- 10.24:
'-------------'----'
-- : --- : --^ I-------------:----:
I k I 1 I
I k I 1 I
0.6-2.0 10.14-0.20:3.6-6.5 :Low ---------- 10.151 3
0.6-2,0 10.14-0.1913.6-5.5 !Moderate-----:0.24:
--- ' --- ' --_ --------
'--------
-----'----'
, � I 1 l
--- ' ' --- '-----! I
II I I---^1
I 1 i 1 I
1 k 1 I I
0.6-2,0 :0.15-0.24:4.5-6.5 :Low ---------- :0.281 5
0.6-2.0 :0.12-0.20:4.5-6.5 :Low ---------- :0.28:
II '-------------
I I I 1 1
0.6-2.0 10.15-0.2414.5-6.5 :Low ---------- :0.28: 5
0.6-2.0 :0.15-0.24:4.5-6.5 :Low ---------- 10.32:
-------------
1 I 1 1 1
0.6-6.0 10.12-0.18:4.5-7.3 !Low ---------- :0.24: 5
0.6-2.0 :0.12-0.2014.5-7.3 :Low ---------- :0.37:
r-- ' --- ` --- ----
'---------' ---'
I k I I- 1
1 t I 1 I
2.0-6.0 :0.11-0.15:5.1-6.5 :Low ---------- :0.28: 2
0.6-2.0 :0.15-0.2015.1-6.5 :Low ---------- 10.24:
0.06-0.2 10.15-0.2015.1-7.8 :High --------- :0.281
2.0-6.0 10.06-0.11:5.1-6.5 !Low ---------- :0.10: 4
0.6-2.0 :0.15-0.2015.1-6.5 !Low ---------- 10.24:
0.06-0.2 :0.15-0.20:5.1-7.8 :High --------- 10.281
1 I 1 I 1
I I I 1
0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20:4.5-6.0 :Low ---------- :0.431 4
0.6-2.0 :0.13-0.18:4.5-5.5 :Low ---------- :0.28:
0.6-2.0 10.05-0.10:4.5-5.5 :Low ---------- 10.32:
I 1 1 i I
0.6-2.0 :0.13-0.18:4.5-6.0 !Low ---------- 10.491 4
0.6-2.0 :0.13-0.18:4.5-5.5 !Low ---------- :0.281
0.6-2.0 10.05-0.10,4.5-5.5 lLow---------- :0.32:
I I I k I
2.0-6.0 1 0.6-0.12I3.6-5.5 :Low ---------- :0.05: 2
2.0-6.0 I0.06-0.12:3.6-5.5 !Low ---------- !0.051
+_ __------ ' I
-------------�--
� I 1
0.6-2.0 :0.10-0.1414.5-6.5 !Low ---------- 10.281 5
0.6-2.0 :0.12-0.1514.5-6.5 !Moderate ----- I0.281
0.6-2.0 10.10-0.1414.5--6.5 :Low ---------- 10.28:
0.6-2.0 :0.15-0.22:5.1-6.5 !Low ---------- :0.43: 3
0.2-0.6 10.12-0.1814.5-5.5 !Low ---------- :0.43:
0.6-2.0 :0.11-0.15:3.6-5.5 :Low ---------- 10.43:
:--------- :----:
!
1-3
1-3
<4
.5-2
.5-2
.5-2
0,

1
1
1
11
1
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Graham 1
i
Map I Soil name and description
Symbol I
1
452B I Badin-Goldston complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
I
I This map unit consists of gently sloping Badin soils
I and Goldston soils. Badin soils are moderately deep and
1 well drained and are on uplands. They formed in
1 residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
i rock. The surface layer is loamy with a significant
I amount of channers. The subsoil is clayey with some
I channers, permeability is moderate and shrink -swell
I potential is moderate. Soft bedrock is within a depth
I of 20 to 40 inches. Seasonal high water table is below
1 6.0 feet. Goldston soils are shallow and well drained
I to excessively drained and are on uplands. They formed
I in residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. They have a loamy surface layer and subsoil with
I a significant amount of channers. Permeability is
I moderately rapid and shrank -swell potential is low.
I Soft bedrock is within a depth of 10 to 20 inches.
I Seasonal high water.table .is.below 6.0 feet.
I
452C I Badin-Goldston complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
I This map unit consists of strongly sloping Badin soils
I and Goldston soils. Badin soils are moderately deep and
I well drained and are on uplands. They formed in
I residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. The surface layer is loamy with a significant
I amount of channers. The subsoil is clayey with some
I channers. Permeability is moderate and shrink -swell
I potential is moderate. Soft bedrock is within a depth
I of 20 to 40 inches. Seasonal high water table is below
1 6.0 feet. Goldston soils are shallow and well drained
I to excessively drained and are on uplands. They formed
I in residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. They have a loamy surface layer and subsoil with
I a significant amount of channers. Permeability is
I moderately rapid and shrink -swell potential is low.
I Soft bedrock is within a depth of 10 to 20 inches.
I Seasonal high water table is below 6.0 feet.
452E i Goldston-Badin complex, 15 to 50 percent slopes
I

'
I
NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Graham 1
Map
I Soil name and description
Symbol
I
I This map unit consists of moderately steep to steep
I Goldston soils and Badin soils. Goldston soils are
'
I shallow and well drained to excessively drained and are
I on uplands. They formed in residuum from Carolina
I slates and other fine grained rock. They have a loamy
I surface layer and subsoil with a significant amount of
i char1,1er-i. 1=enfieabilit{ is mo devately i-ap.id aild
t shi-iok:--�ivje+ll potential itii lot•r. Soft budi-ocl--: is o-iithi,l a
depth of IC) to 20 inclic_s. .=,easorial hiah viatesi- table& i.s
belovi u.t:i fwet. 1'-;.adin. suits aria deep and.
I t•jel l drained and ar-e on L1.pland s. They -rot-ined in
I 1"r'•:ldLlLl,li fr'�iRl �rtl"q],11'1cZ :]1[-itas EtIZd Gt-1i: - {il-lc"'-. pr-aint:d
I r-c„4:. l-hea st_,i-face la,Yt-,r- i;, lt:amy with :a-iicjnificant
'
I amotJ1-1t Of Chr-i1-111e1'-L— Tl'1e sUb-:iuil is ._layoy t,rith Some
I channcj-r-C;. F'f vineab.i l itv i.n model -ate and Ghrink-ist-jel l
I pc:-tentia11 is Soft ledv-ock 1S wi'tflin c3
'
I of 20 to -40 inchels. Seasonal high otter table it; below
I 6.() fvet.
'
47l5 Ef
1
I Tatum-Badin complex;, 2 to E.. per-cenL s1opc�:,
1
I T11is tiiap unit consists of gently ::loping Tatum soil
I
and Bad -in :;r.,ils on uplands. •1'htiy foi-iTiecl in I-eS:idUuln
'
I
from C.{r-oliria slatess and ether fine gi-ainud t-oc:!<:s.
i
T a l-um sci i l s aii-e= dt--* p and we? l 1 d i-a i ned . They have, a
loAtriv s:i.trfaee laver and ii Cla�lt�V S1.A SOi 1 . Pen-mreabi. l i tv
I
it moderate and shrink-s-jell poi:enl:ia.l is
'
I
Soft be-drock i:: i-!i thin c, deloth of 40 to 60 it'lt:l es.
I
5ei.ls onal 10,z�h viater table iti Lielovi 6.0 fee°i:. Badin
I
as i 1 s ar-e modev a t:e? y deep and t•�e 1 1 d,-e, i nefi . i'hra istti r'act?
'
I
.l ayel- i s loam• "A til 4, amQUIlt Of ',:hA1*11-1e1• F. .
1
1110 SUL-.FiD i l i.c, c. l a ,ey F'gt-meab i l i tv is f1lodet-a. to .
l
Potential is tnodev-ate. 13i:ft tjetit-,.mzl; zs
1
Within a depth a'f2+1 to 10) inches. Seasonal high Lac+tee`
'
I
I
tau1e is be1ovs 6.0 fe-it.
4 5C I
Tatum—Padin aoiriplex, 8 to iL per -cent slopes
1

1
nUNl'ECHl4IDt'-)L SOILS DESCR'l 'TION REPORT
lirc�h iiq :I
'End
----_--'--------------------.•__-__----_-----__--------..._____.__-
Exhibit 7
'
11�
SymbC- 1
I 5c� i. 1 r+acne and de���cr ip t i arl
1
I This snap unlit cona.Liit•s of strongly iilop incl
Tatun+ soils,
I and 2adin soils on uplands. They -formed in
resi.di.cunr
fl-com Carc: j ina slataQ atici other Fine, grained
rock-s.
I Ta LLAM SQ i i a are deep and well clra i need . They
have a
l .loamy surface laver and a clayey str1. Pormov..l�i.li+y
I is lllc,darate anti shrink -swell pots nUal it! Moderate.
I :iofl, badre.-cl:: i5 within a depth i:.f 4C'l to 60
ini_t esi.
I aLii!zC-llZAl high Wikter tc{tr110 is bF low 6.0 frrr-A.
2adin
I s.wils area moderately doep and well i-h-ained.
The surface
'
I layer is loarny pith ar signif'icallt- aerrCIurlt Of
chill•1+ler-s.
l Thia subsoil is clayey. Permeability i:;
I Shrivel; —swell poteritial i3 moderate- 1-3c,ft bech-Qck is
I within a depth rif 20 cSl f.) 11.1chY2.•1. Sew,;5o al
high ri:stQr-
table is below 6.0 i Beat.
475D I
1
Ti+turtr•-Badin cc,mpla:;, 151 tc� r5 percent SIC-Pes
l
I
75C l
Tatum -Bad i rz cc.Mp le:: , 25 by 50 oer-cent s lopvcs
I
,l
1
1

1
When you submit soil samples for laboratory analysis, you
need and expect reliable results. Because the test report is
'used in making decisions about liming and fertilization,
Its accuracy can affect your costs and yields. In other
words, getting accurate results can make a difference in
dollars and cents.
The reliability -of the soil test, however,• can be no better
than the sample you submit. For results you can depend
on, it Is vitally important that you take samples in away
that accurately represents the soil on your farm.
This publication tells how to obtain truly representative
soil samples and to submit them for analysis.
Where to,Talce Samples
You can obtain an aerial photograph of your farm from,
the county tkSCS office. Outline your'farm'or'field:boun-
dories directly do the photo of make'a larger"an.4 ; iore..
detailed map using the photo as a guide. Then assign• a
permanent number to each field or management area..
i•lumbcring the areas will enable you to keep records of
the soil treatments applied and the crop yields obtained
from each area. For your convenience in submitting soil
samples, assign each area an identifier consisting -of no
more than three character — numbers„ letters, or,both.
Very soil'sample you submit for testing should consist or
about 15 to 20 cores taken at random locations,
throughout one field or area, n sample should include
cores from; no more than about 20 acres even If the soil
appears to be uniform over a larger area. -
Keep in mind that cacti sample should represent only one
general soil type or condition. If the field you arc sam-
pling contains areas chat arc obviously different in slope,
color, drainage, and texture and if those areas can be'fcr-
tiltred separately, submit a separate sample (consisting of
15 to 20 cores) for each area. (Sec Figtirea.)
When collecting samples, avoid small areas where.the soil
conditions arc obviously quite' different from'thcsd in -the "
rest of the field — for example.- wet spotsti places;whcre
wood piles have been burned, severely eroded areas,'old
acivc Lit Ott; tQ1r
Careful Soil'`.::
Sampling-
The 'Key%toy -Reliable
Soil Test information.
F
Eroded Area tight Colored'Soli
'A B
rirdure 1. withirs each field, collect a separate sample from each
area'diat has a dillcrcnt type of soil.
building sites, fence rows, spoil banks, and burn -row
areas. Also avoid the fertilizer bands in fields where row
crops have been grown. Because samples taken from
these locations would not be typical of the soil inahe rest
of thc.ficld,including thcmcould produce misleading resuIts.
Areas within a field where different crops have bccn
grown in the past should be sampled separately, even if
you now plan to grow the same crop in the wh L& field.
Areas that havc been limed and fertilized differently from
the rest of the field should also be sampled separately.
Sampling Problem Areas
In fields or areas where fertility • problems appear to be the
cause of abnormal crop growth, samples should be col.
Icctcd in a somcwhal'different way from samples used for
routine testing. At the same time you collect topsoil
samples, collect subsoil samples at a depth from 8 to 16
inches, but keep the two types of samples separate.
Follow the guidelines for collecting a good, representative
sample, taking cores at random locations throughout the
problcm,arca even though it may be relatively small. At
the samc time, collect a representative somple:from•nor-
mal areas of the same field.
More detailed information on collecting samples from pro-
blem areas is given In form AD2, "Problem area Soil
,Sample Information." Copies can be obtained from your
county Extension Service office, NCDA regional
agronomists, loca) agribusinesscs, or 'the NCDA Agronomic
Division, Slue Ridge Road Center, Raleigh, NC 27611.
rirdure 1. withirs each field, collect a separate sample from each
area'diat has a dillcrcnt type of soil.
building sites, fence rows, spoil banks, and burn -row
areas. Also avoid the fertilizer bands in fields where row
crops have been grown. Because samples taken from
these locations would not be typical of the soil inahe rest
of thc.ficld,including thcmcould produce misleading resuIts.
Areas within a field where different crops have bccn
grown in the past should be sampled separately, even if
you now plan to grow the same crop in the wh L& field.
Areas that havc been limed and fertilized differently from
the rest of the field should also be sampled separately.
Sampling Problem Areas
In fields or areas where fertility • problems appear to be the
cause of abnormal crop growth, samples should be col.
Icctcd in a somcwhal'different way from samples used for
routine testing. At the same time you collect topsoil
samples, collect subsoil samples at a depth from 8 to 16
inches, but keep the two types of samples separate.
Follow the guidelines for collecting a good, representative
sample, taking cores at random locations throughout the
problcm,arca even though it may be relatively small. At
the samc time, collect a representative somple:from•nor-
mal areas of the same field.
More detailed information on collecting samples from pro-
blem areas is given In form AD2, "Problem area Soil
,Sample Information." Copies can be obtained from your
county Extension Service office, NCDA regional
agronomists, loca) agribusinesscs, or 'the NCDA Agronomic
Division, Slue Ridge Road Center, Raleigh, NC 27611.

When to Take Samples
Collect samples thrcc to six ►nontils before pla►lung
time. You will then have the test report in time to plan
your liming and fertilization program bcfotc•tltc busy '
planting season. if you submit samples immediately after
harvest in the fall, you arc likely to receive the.results
promptly because the laboratory work load is lighter at
that Lima than in the spring.
Do not collect samples when the soil is too wet because it
'will be difficult to mix the cons. As a rule. if the soil is
too wet to plow, it is too wet to sample,
1
Sample the soil from perennial or sod -crop areas three to
four months before establishing the crop or appling lime
or fcrtflUer.
How Often to Sample
If your farm is in the coastal plain region, it is best to test
the soil every 2 or 3 years. The sandy soils in that region
do not hold nutrients as long as soils in other parts•of the
state and arc more apt to become acid through the addi-
tion of nitrogen. The nutrient levels in the sill and clay
loam soils of the picdmont and mountain regions change
less rapidly with lime and fcrLilizcr applications.' In these
arras, soil testing once every 4 years is usually sufficient.
A,good plan is to sample one-third of your ficlds each
year.if your farm is in the coastal plains region and one-
fourth of your fields each year if you are in the picdmont
or mountain regions.
How to Collect: a Good Sample .
Tools. Collect your samples with stainless steel or
ehrorric•platcd sampling tools and plastic buckets to avoid
contaminating the samples with traces of chemical
elements (micronutricntsj from the sampling fools. Avoid
brass, bronze. or galvanized tools. A suitable soil probe is
shown on the front cover of this folder.
Make sure that the buckets and sampling tools are clean
and free of lime and fertilizer residues. Even•a small
amount of lime or fertilizer Lronsfcrred- from'thc;sampling
tools to the soil can seriously contaminate the sample and
produce inaccurate results.
Sampling Depth. For areas in which field crops are
grown, collect samples to the same depth tlyaVLhc,ficld is
plowed (usually about 8 inches) since this is the zone in .
which lime and fertilizer have been incorporatcd'(Figure2).
For ficlds when perenrtiaf crops such as lcscue, allalin,
and turf arc•-bcfng maintained, samples Laken to a depth
y . of 4 incl;cs:will best represent the crop's lime and fcr-
tilixer. needs. Where tliese perennial crops are to be
established, howcvcr, sample to the regular plow depth.
Submitting the Sample
Soil samples arc analyzed by the Agronomic Division of
the [`forth Carolina Department of AgriCulturC. Each sam.
ple must be submitted in a standard soil sample box and
aci ompanicd by a camplctcd copy of form ADA, "Soil
Sample lnformaLion.•' The boxes and forms are available
from your county Extension Service office, NCDA regional
• 4.,agr0n0Mi5LS. local agtfbusincsscs, or the NCDA Agronomic
?,:, ;4Divlsion;.f3luc Ridge Road Center, Raleigh, NC. 27611.
•'Submjt your samples only in the standard boxes provid-
cd, as shown In Figure 3. Samples sent in bads or other
containcrs.wfll not be compatible with the processing
system used in the laboratory. Do not put a plastic bag in-
side the sample box, Seal the shipping box if the soil
samples arc from a quarantined area.
.N• � i
Figure 3. Thoroullitly mix the soil sample r �.�:•=,
and fill tits standard NCDA sample box
two-thirds full.
The entire sample consisting of the 15 to 20 cores you
have collected will most likely be more soil than the box
will hold. Before filling the box, therefore, pulverize the
cores and mix them thoroughly in the bucket. Then fill
the sample box about two-thirds full with this mixture.
%.;Label the box with the identifying number you have
assigned to the area from which you took the sample.
Remember that the identification can consist of no more
than three numbers, letters, or a combination of the two.
Directions for filling out form AD•1, the soil inforpation
sheet, are printed on the back of the form. To get the
-most value from your soil test, take the time to fill iri the
•blanks -completely and be sure to list the crop'or crops
-to be grown'. Also check to make sure that the sample
number you put on the form corresponds to the number
on the sample box and the farm map. Mail the completed
form with the sample box, keeping a copy for your future
reference.
If you need assistance in interpreting the soil test results
or developing a soil treatment plan, consult your local
agricultural advisors.
Prepared by '
Jack V. Wird. Extcnsion, M. Itoy Tucker, Agronomist
Agronomist — Suil Futility rturtu Graliaa Dcpuuncal vi
rivilh Caco►lna Agdcultucal Agricvlturc'
lixltrlilon swict pyylgMd bf
TNC BoflTl{ CAftoLWA ACNWLIUlLIC IxILHSIUt{ S [ftYICE.
►r,+a+4rw+r Suu Udwrrlr u paMip+,Na,gr.+�q�+NpRJw,1 snd 7 W+K+rsuic tr�w.rxr N Ornnwa a
IrA V* U.S. Dopmwea WAcktilws.Coopurliq suuw+.aNrIts" n&41p%N,C..CJWMrvD.OWL.
.piKlsr, Diruiwt.e �s kNuuacr of yr Ac,r sr c«wau sl May 1 srra Jwrs �0, 1114%M Hatt C+rssns
-J#k,AwsrCsun;MwrieraMrtk ao9rafarlaang4Apsrra,trprasudrscs,wor.oreawnd61 %
..u4itsnpwlcpwwr lyufter, __---
Figure 2. Sample to a depth of 8 Indus In fields plowed for row
moos. 4 Inches when perennial pasture or turf;erops arc grown.
IJ1-10M.RYA Awn

Form AD1
SOIL SAMPLE INFORMATION
Fill out and attach to mailing carton in first class envelope and mail to: AGRONOMIC DMSION—Soil Testing Laboratory. NORTH CAROL_INA DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE. RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLINA 2761 1.Instructions and examples are given on the back of this sheet.
GROWER'S NAME --Please Print 1 A copy of your soR test report will be sent to your County Extension Director. 11 you desire others to receive a ropy, print their
names and addrasres below.
(Address) 1(14ame)
ate) • (Zip Code) (Address)
Total No.
Samples
Submitted
(County)
(State)
(Name)
(Address)
lZip Code) (City)
(Zip Code)
2
- 3
4
5
6
LAB
NUMBER
- (Leave -
Blank)
YOUR
SAMPLE
NUMBER
LAST CROP
(Crop grown last year
or other use)
LIME APPLIED
WITHIN PAST YEAR
CROP CROP.
CODE T/A YR. MO. CODE
NEXT CROP
(See discussion No. 5
reverse side of form)
SECOND CROP
CROP (Following year —See
CODE reverse side)
Revised 6/ 1 S/S0

1
1
rREQUIRED
2,
INFORMATION
(blocked areas)
We must havo this 5.
information before we
analyze the samples
'DESIRABLE 3.
INFORMATION
We can make batter 4
suggestions if we
have this information 6.
1
1
ri
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT INFORMATION SHEI_T
(Soo Sampla information Shoot Below)
NAME. MAILING ADDRESS, ZIP CODE AND COUNTY. County listed sliould be where farm is located.
Incomflletc or illegible: address may result in non•delivury of the mailed report.
YOUR SAMPLE NUMBER - Record ilia identi(ication (ano information) for each sample on a.soparato fine.
Our computer will accept only 3 digils for sample identification. CAUTIONI Do not use the same numbor for
more than one sample oven if they aro from difforont farms. Be sure the name, and sample numbers on the
information shad aro 1110 Samo as tlioso on Clio soil sarnplo boxes.
NEXT CROP TO of GROWN - List NAME and 0Q2 CODIr of the next crop lot which you want limo and
fertilizer recommendations. EXAMPLE: Bermuda hay, or pasture establishment (E), 043: Bermuda hay or
pasture for maintenance (M), 044. Bermuda for dehydration. establishment (Q. 045.
A. Use LAWN (026) for all lawn grasses except CENTIPEDE. Use TI�RF codes for golf and athletic field tuft.
0. Usc SHRUBEIERY (029) for ail shrubs except AZALEA, CAMELLIA, RHODODENDRON. and MT LAUREL.
LAST CROP - List lApF.•and CROP-_CQD& of crop grown prior to sampling, If space is left blank,
we will assume no previous crop was grown.
,LAST LIMED - Tons per acre, year and month of last,Grvle application. if made in ilia last year. .
SECOND CROP TO BE GROWN - List NAME and CBQP CODE_ of the crop which will follow 5 above. This will
enableus to make suggestions for this crop assuming that ilia lield is treated as suggested the first year.
List second crap here even though it is to be grown the same year as 5 above.
EXAMPLE
2
3
4
5
G
lA0
Lima Applied
NUMBER
YOUR
LAST CROP
Wlthln Pabt Year
NEXT CROP
SECOND CROP
(Loovo
SAMPLE:
(Crop prawn lost your
CROP
CROP
aa discussion No. 5
CROP
(Following year —Soo
Blink)
NUMBER
or othor uso)
CODE.
I T/A I YR. M0.
CODE:
rovo?so side of form)
CODE
reverse side)
( I 1
Corn Srlago
002'.
1 1 84 9'
004
Oars
010
Soybeans
i 2
L/Wh! Cl-grass L I
049
' 2 1841 9
Lq0
I L/Whi Cl-grass M J
050
L/Wh1 Cl-grass M
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
000 No Crop
000 Potato, Irish
'
X•Mas Trons/NursorY
commorcinl Hon Cfoys
009 Polito. Swcal
Orchards/Fruit to Nut
lord Crn s
076 Ln-out/Scud Gods
Use 024 for Gordon Vcgolablcs 100 Radish
E30Applo E
001 Corn. Grain
of 7 Fu/N Spruro, liomlock
070 Asparagus. E
101 nape, col@ crops
131 Applo M
002 Corn, Silage
0301rinc/Whitt, Virginia
071 Asparagus, M
102 na;p•Ulackucrry C
130 Pcach E
403 Colton
039 Glue Spruce/Rad Cedar
072 aaan/bush Pea
103 hasp-Ulackbefry M
139 Poach M
004 Small Grain {wheat.
073 Gain, polo
104 Rhubarb
140 Pocan. E
oats, rya. ba(loyl
Fora/pasluro
474 Goals
105 Rutabaga
141 Paean, M
005 Millet, Poarl
0-10 AllaIli. C
075 oluoborly, E
100 Spinach
000 Milo (Grain soruhun+)
0-11 Allalla, M
076 Gtuoborty, M
107 Squ ash- km
Fornsu Troas/Soad
007 Peanut
042 0ahiagras4
077 GrorrDII
100 suawbufly, E
1 3 Nardvvo0 ,
000 Rico
043 0annuda hay/pasluro, 1:
07D Gfussol Sprouts
109 slfawburry, M
134 hardwood, M
009 sorghum, Syrup
044 Gormudi hay/pasluro, M
079 Cabbage
1 10 Tomato, liold
137 Nursery. Pino
010 SOyboarls
045 Bermuda. dohydratod, C
000 Cantaloupe
I 1 1 TOmate. efoonhouso
142 Pina, C•
011 Sunllowar
046 Bermuda, dehydrated. M
oe1 Carrols
1 12 Tomato, uollis, CP
143 Pino, M
Tobacco, but lay
047 Bluegrass pasture
032 Cauliflower
113 Tomato, uollis, Mt
144 Hardwood. Soad
013 Tobacco. Iluo•cuiod
040 Bluograss•Whito clover
003 Collards
l 14 Truck Vegetables
145 Fir/Spruce, Seed
014 Tobacco. plant hod
040 L/Wh1 clovor•grass, E
004 Corn, Sweet
115 Turnip
146 Pino, Said
050 L/Whl clovcr•Qrass. M
005 Cucumbers
I I G Waletmolon
lawn. Gordon. Ornam nn ials
051 n. Clovcngrass, E
000 Cucumber, Irillis
1 17 Ocans, tima
020A21101
057 It. Clover -grass, M
007 Eggplant
' 021 Camellia
053 Puri clovers
000 Grape. C
Comm Nurs/Flnwor,
Finlno TMrl
022 Centipede
054 Fcscui-Oich grass/Timolhy E '009 Grape. M
120 Dahlia
150 Fait aylmhlotic Turf
023 Garden. FEowar
055 Fcscui-Orch grass/Timothy M • 000 Kato
121 Gladiolus
151 Too, Turf
024 Garden, Vegetable
056 Logumos, Miscellaneous
091 Lattuco
122 Groonhouso
152 Groan. Turf
025 Gaunt. Mountain'
057 Lospodesa
002 Mustard
123 Gwophiia
026 Lawn
050 Sudangrass
093 Okra
124 Flower, bulbs
027 Rhododcndran
059 Sudan -sorghum pasture
094 Onion
125 Flower, tools
020 Rose
060 Sudan -sorghum silago
005 Poa, Southern
126 Nurs, container
029 Shlubb Cry
09G Pappor
132 RhoJo/Nalyorn
030 001603, bull 6 nuts
091 Plant Bod. Vag
136 Nurs/Troos
031 Trio, shade
E n astablishnlonl
CP a Coaslal Plain
M ■ mainlonanco
MI • Mountain
' - ABOUT YOUR SOIL SAMPLES
Are they representative?
A sail TEST is only as GOOD as
tho soil SAMPLES1 Aroa of 10 @010S Or less —No major
soil diffarenCes—Same
Iroalmont history —Use good
tools (iron or stainless 51004—•Tako'om dry —Right
depth (0-S' for plowad soils, 0.4' for sod) —No lortilizor
bands —No corners ar and turn areas-20 or moro'coros (colloclod and mixed in a clown plastic buckol)—Subsamplod and numbered —
Sufficient information supplied.

Plant Analysis Information -Sheet
;_.
Circle the h-pc ol'samplcs suhmittetl Plant Advisory Section
!m
Predictive Dia.-nastir sec Initruclions Agronomic Division
K.C. Dept. of Agriculture : 7
Ciltowmt wvortm.%Tioa 43DD Reedy Creek Rd. ' `•..j_r•
d
Telephone No. ( )
(I.-%ST NAME)
irlr.q
lddit. I
I0n1
(31s1r) rLirl
�toucy Order
{ )
PAl'\If.NT: Sa.00per saniplc
Make Checks payable to NCT)A
Cash
t )
NM Samptea: rSQ-111Mt-.
Heron
( }
Raleteh, NC 27Go7-G 65
ADDITIONAL COPIES
I errp , rjdria n pat7 trill he arm to rl,c ('oulpentrive Lrtenaiou 0jj7 cu, Plewe indicate ach irinnal cnpir r re•quested.
kanrs IU: Sampled 1w; _ D}aw:
Lah\um Sample Cnatilr Plan) Plant Correspuncllnp,Sample ID
rt tom:. ID CI-iryt N;tntc %gage Part 1'nxitlon NOU Solution \\'axle Plant Appearance ,,,, W. i1 .:a it
PROBLEM SAMPLE
CONINIEHTS
GitoiwN i CONDi7-IONS FERTILIZER HISTORY
Piautiu" lkitc: Date Material Rate Comments
luu ioug 113W sunptiMs b�-cn present? Prcplant
Are plauts iiif"Wd ttith di-wa-%0 Ycs No
Are piallB iutICSIL l aith imtxts? Ycs Nu
F Enviroun(cittal cnixlit:au:c last tlin-C tttiwks: Postplant
r Itaint3dl: llelon uunr,al Normal AtK)ve normal
'I¢mitc :Oure: Below nunnal Normal Aliare uarm;rl Mieronutrients:
= Erri^anon {atnuuull
ru(i�icidc•. tl:cd: Others:

.'�STRLT�TIO _ :.:; -- : ,-- .•fir_ _ -
The information in the shaded areas is required before analysis.
Samplc Type - Predictive is for a routine check of nutritional status plus interpretation and general recommendations.
- Diagnosticis for assistance in diagnosing suspected nutritional problems. Specific interpretation and reconuncndations are provided.
- Matching soil samples should be submitted for diagnostic samples along with additional information on growing conditions and cultural practices.
Grower information - Print telephone. name, mailing address, county (sample origination) and fee information. Make checks payable to NCDA.
- Telephone number must be included for electronic data access.
Farm ID - Farm identification or location (no more than 16 Icticrs).
Sample ID - Samplc identification (no more than d digits or letters).
Crop Name - Nartuc of crop samplcd (Use names as indicated inside Information Sheet. If your crop is not listed. indicate the common and/or botanical nanac).
Growth St-nue - Idcntiry stage of growth using the appropriate letter code below.
Plant Part - Idcntify the part of the plant that was sampled using the letter code below.
- For most plants the Most Recently Mature Lear (M) is the proper plant part to S1311ple.
Plant Pusitiun - identify the position on the plant n•here the sample «gas taken using the letter code below.
- For most plants the Upper (U) position is the proper place to sample.
Correspondinh Sample ID - List the ID's of matching soil. solution• and waste samples submitted.
Plant Appearance - Describe the symptoms of the plant at sampling. If left blank, we assume grov,1h is normal.
Problem Simple Comments - Provide :additional information needed to help diagnose specific problems.
GROWTH STAGE CODES PLANT PART CODES PLANT POSITION CODES
S — Seedling E — Early growth W = Whole -plant M — Most Recent Mature Leaf U = Upper
B = Bloom F = Fruiting T = Top 3" (includes Petiole where appropriate) M = Middle
M = Mature H - Harvested Leaf E = Ear Leaf L = Lower
PLEASE DO NOT PLACE SAMPLES IN PLASTIC BAGS.
LEAVE AMPLE AIR SPACE IN PAPER CONTAINERS TO PROMOTE DRYING AND AVOLD SAMPLE DETERIORATION.
SAMPLE FEE: A sample fee of $4.00 per sample is thnrged for plant analysis.

FORM A(It
Complete information sheet and return with sarnplels3. SOIL SAMPLE INFORMATION
GROWER'S NAME --Please Print Copies of soli lost reports en sans to County
Extension Directors.
It you went others to receive a copy. print
FARM I06 name and address below. ~�
(Last) - (First) - -
Phone: I 1
(Address) (Name)
Send To:
(City) (Stale) IZip Code) (Address) Agronomic Division -Soil Test Lab
Total No. N.C. Dept. of Agriculture
Samples 4300 Reedy Creek Road
Submitted Raleigh, N.C. 27607-6465
(County � {City) (State) (Zip Cade} fS19l 733-26SB
Phone:I )
2 3 4 5
6
LAB YOUR LAST CROP LIME APPLIED NEXT CROP
SECOND CROP
NU
NUMBER SAMPLE WITHIN PAST YEAR
ReaveMBE (Crop grown lost year CROP (Sae discussion No. S CROP
(Following veer--Sas
CROP
Blank) NUMBER or other use) CODE TIA YR MO reverse side of form) CODE
reverse sidel
CODE
in
Viz•
Revised 211196 INSTRUCTIONS AND CROP CODES ARE SHOWN ON BACK

I
1
1
1
1�
I
1
End Exhibit 8
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT INFORMATION SHEET *
(See Example Below)
1. Print Name, Address, Zip Code and County. Show county where farm is located, An incomplete address may
result in failure to deliver your report. Include your phone number,
REQUIRED
2. SAMPLE ID - I'rirtt sample Ill luau numbura andltpr lurtoral and crop cuJo fur onch ■anmla on salparotn Ilnas.
INFORMATION
Samples from other terms should be labeled differently (Ex.JO1. SOM Make sure sample ID on b0x05 and
(blocked areas)
Information shoat era the same. Use pencil or waterproof mafksrs.
We must have this
5. NEXT CROP TO BE GROWN • List NAM and GROP CO2L of the next crop for which you want time and
,information before we
fertilizer recommendations. EXAMPLE: Bermuda hay or pasture establishment IEI, 045.
analyze the somplas.
A. Use LAWN (026) for all lawn grasses except CENTIPEDE. Use TURF codes for golf and athletic
field turf.
B. Usa ;jHgUJJQ5fl (026) for all shrubs except AZALEA, CAMELLIA, RHODODENDRON, and MT. LAUREL.
C. For all Home garden vegetables use crop code 024.
DESIRABLE 3, LAST CROP - List N,A59 and C$Q2G� Of crop grown prior to sampling. If space is left blank, we will
INFORMATION assume no previous crop was grown.
We can make better 4- LAST LIMED . Tons par acro, year and month of last lima application, if made in the last year.
suggestions If we 6, SECOND CROP TO BE GROWN • List i�E and QRQP_CQDE of the crop which will follow 5 above, This will
have this information. enable us to make suggestions for this crop assuming that the field is treated as suggested the first year. List
second crop hero oven though it is to be grown the some year as 5 above.
EXAMPLE
2
3
4
5
6
LAB
Limed Applied
NUMBER
YOUR
LAST CROP
Within Past Year
NEXT CROP
SECOND CROP
(Loeva
SAMPLE
(Crop grown lost year
CROP
(Soo discussion No. 5
CROP
(Following year —Soo
CROP
Blankl
NUMBER
or other use)
CODE
TIA YR. MO.
reverse side of form)
CODE
reverse side)
CODE
y
Corn silage
002
1 84 9
Oats
004
Soybeans
010
Z 2
L/Wht Cl-grass 1
049
2 84 9
L/Wht cl-grass M J
050
L/Wht CI•prass M
050
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
CROP CODE
000 No Crop
098 Potato, Irish
X-Mas Trees/Nursory
Commercial HortCroos
099 Potato, Sweat
Field Grans
036 Ln-outlSaed Bads
Use 024 for Gorden Vegetables
100 Radish
130 Apple E
001 Corn, Grain
037 FirfN Spruce, Hamlock
070 Asparagus, E
101 Rape, cola crops
131 Apple M
002 Corn. Silage
038 Pine/Whita, Virginia
071 Asparagus, M
102 Rasp -Blackberry E
138 Poach E
003 Cotton
039 Blue Spruce/Rod Cedar
072 BeanlBush Pen
103 Rasp-Blackborry M
139 Poach M
004 Small Grain (Wheat,
073 Boon, polo
104 Rhubarb
140 Pecan, P
oats, rye, barley)
FbrsoolP s8 ture
074 Boots
105 Rutabaga
141 Pecan, M
005 Millet, Pond
040 Alfalfa, E
075 Blueberry, E
106 Spinach
006 Milo (Grain Sorghum)
041 Alfalfa. M
076 Blueberry, M
107 Squash -Pumpkin
Forestry TreaslSaad
007 Peanut
042 Bah(ogross
077 Broccoli
108 Strawberry. E
133 Hardwood, E
008 Rlce
043 Bermuda haylpasturo, E
078 Brussol Sprouts
109 Strawberry, M
134 Hardwood, M
D09 Sorghum, Syrup
044 Bermuda haylpasturo, M
079 Cabbage
11D Tomato, field
137 Nursery. Pine
010 Soybeans
047 Bluegrass pasture
080 Cantaloupe
111 Tomato, greenhouse
142 Pine, E
oil Sunflower
048 Bluegrass -White clover
081 Carrots
112 Tomato, trellis, CP
143 Pine, M
012 Tobacco, burley
049 LJWht clover -grass, E
082 Cauliflower
113 Tomato, trellis, Mt
144 Hardwood, Seed
013 Tobacco, flux -cured
050 LdWhi clovar-grass, M
083 Collards
114 Truck Vegetables
145 Fir/5pruce, Seed
014 Tobacco, plant bed
051 R, Ciovar-grass, E
084 Corn, Sweet
115 Turnip
145 Pine, Seed
05I R. Clovar-grass, M
085 Cucumbers
116 Watermelon
Lawn. Gordan. Ornaments
053 Pura clovers
086 Cucumber, trellis
117 Boons, lima
0I0 Azalea
054 Fescue-Orch grassMMothy E
087 Eggplant
021 Camellia
055 Fescue-Orch graWnmothy M
088 Grape, E
Comm NuafFlawer
FineTTurf
.022 Centipede
056 Legumes, Miscellaneous
089 Grape, M
120 Dahlia
150 Fairway/Athletic
023 Gordan, Flower
057 Lespedeze
090 Ka(o
121 Gladiolus
Turf
024 Gordon, Vegetable
058 Sudangrass
091 Lanuce
122 Greenhouse
151 Tao, Turf
025 Laurel, Mountain
059 Sudan -sorghum pasture
092 Mustard
123 Gysophila
152 Green, Turf
026 Lawn
060 Sudon•sorghum silage
093 Okra
124 Flower, bulbs
027 Rhododendron
094 Onion
125 Flower, roots
028 Rosa
095 Pea, Southern
126 Nuys. container
029 Shrubbery
096 Popper
132 RhodolNatv.orn
03D Barrios, fruit 8r nuts
097 Plant Bed, Vag.
136 Nurs/Treas
031 Tree, shade
E + establishment
CP w Coastal Plain
M a maintenance Mt . Mountain
• ABOUT YOUR SOIL SAMPLES
Are they representative? A soil TEST is only as GOOD as the soil SAMPLESI Area of 10 acres
or lass —No major soil differences
—Same
treatment history —Use good
tools (Iron or stainless stool) —Take 'am dry —Right depth (0.8- for plowed soils, 0.4' for sod) —No fertilizer
bands —No corners or end turn areas-20 or more cores (collectod and mixed In a clean plastic bucket)—Subsompled and numbered —
Sufficient Information supplied, PLEASE DO NOT PUT SOIL IN PLASTIC BAGS

u
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Nor.!r u< .r!
EXhibit 9
A i-- W- :a.-§te .*:Man-agement
Biological and ASrrcullural Enyirre.CM93North Carolina State University
L.IVES70C7X VASTZ S.MPLINC,' AWLYSIS 'AND C4LLC .ATI0N
OF LMM •AnLIGATIou RATES
James" C. '2farkar*
I. SA Trz COLLECTION
A. Sami-Solid Loc Nanura
L. Scraped direcely,from.-loc ineo spreadar
a. From loadad•'spreadcr, eollaec about 2 Lbs of manure from
diffa�ane'`1oucions• using• nonmecailic •eollaeeors. •
ii. From scorags
a. Collacc abouc'•2 •tb .,of,,"rnura from undar chn surface crust
avoiding badding.macorials and using.norwaacallLc coLlaccors.
E•. Uqutd h4nura Slurry
L. Undar•slocced-;�`laoc. pit'
a, Extend a L/2";,ngnm.,^ci,�ltc',4.;onduLC open on both e[tds Lnco
manure co, Pic" flop
t...,.
b. Seal upper:and'of •conciuicr;(:S•. by placing a thumb ovar and
of conduiC) trapping`z4nura 'rhac has ancarad lower and, r4move
and ampcy slurry Anco, plastic buckac or nonmacallic container.
c. Take subsamplas f,om .3 -oF„more locations -or at: laasc I quxrc.
d. dix and add about 1/4,pinc.co,.no=asallic,•3ampla container.
ii• Excarior jcoraga:basin or-cank'
I
a, Mika .suras mixad. fich a liquid manor a
chapper-a3;:acoc p=p or ,proptiler fag::azor.
' b. iska subsar_ales From about 5 pLc LoeaeLors, from agicacor p=p
or :_are maru_a spraadar and piaea :n a pLascic buckac.
t professor and Excension Specialise, 9iolpgical and Agr:culcural EnSincerLng
Department, North CaroLini StacaUnvcrsicy, 4alaih, NC.
a .

1
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2of3
c, & x and add 3/4 pint to a noamocallic sample concsinor.
C. Lagoon Liquid
1. Collacc about 3/4 pint of racyclsd'lagoon liquid from Lnf low pipe
co flush cankx in a non=eeallic:salmpla concainer•
ii. From lagoon
a. Placa a se,1116ct14*y (Z/2 • Lnt4 or •las:) on end of LO.15, polo,.-
b. 1:xc4nd boccie 10-15' sway from bank adgc•
c• Brush away f'loacLng scum or dobris.
d. Submcr$c bottle within P of liquid surfAca.
e. Fmpcy into a ylascic buckee;' rgpeac, tbouc 5 eimes around
lagoon, =Lx.'and add 3/4-pine co nonmetallic z4Aplc concaincr.
D. Broiler or Turkey Littc'r
L. House lictcr
a. Visually Lnxpcec linter,for areas of -varying quaLicy, e.L.
areas- around feaderl''and�wacarcrs, and sscimaee percent of
floor surface La asch
b. Take about 5 liceor subsa=ples at locations proportionate to
ice= a. E•g,,'If 201 of liecar of-31 milar'visual quxlicy is
around .feeders and.vactrers,-•cake l..subsample there and the
ocher O subsampl'az:•from ram=indcr.•of'floor surface.
c. At each location,.co114cc lictar from a 6- by V area down to
earth floor and' place�An—a%plAstic'buekec•
d, After'5•sub3amplas`ha:va,,.b4ian••add4ad,to rho.buckoc. mix, and.ad¢••.
about •2.3 1bs•Lictar•,co a nonmetallic sample container, such as,,, .
a and;a�aa1':'
Li. Fron• stockpile:.::
it. Taka subaAmplas from abouC'•5•locations ac Ieasc 18" into pile.
b, ttl,x, add 2-Ylbs co nonmetallic sampla container and seal.

n1"L'14[uunl L$
..
,�•
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r.�
IX. SAaLZ Ur2,& .TiON AND 7TANSFFA
A. Place sample into an expandable container char. 'can ba sealed. Rinse
rasiduns from concaincr.wich elean••wacer bur. do not use disinfeccancs,-
soaps, or CreaC•in any ochor vay.
n. Pack sample Ln tca. rcfrigaracn, fr@ax@, or transfer co Lab quickly. .
C. Hand -delivery is most reliable way=of s uapla erarufar.
D. If mailed, procacc sau[pla container with packins macarLsl such as
newspaper, box or package with wrapping paper, and cap@.
R. Commorcial sampla concalners and mailcra are also available. Concaccs:
L. AAL Castern Agricultural Lab, Inc. ILL.'FoLytoam Fackars Corp.
7621 Vhitepine Koad 2320 S. Foster Avanua
_.
Richmond, VA 23237 Vhecling, IL 6O090
Ph: [phone] ,.". Ph:-' [phone] a
ii, Fishcr Scientific Co. IV. NASCO
3315 Vincon Road 901 Janesville Avenue
Ralaish, NC 27604 Fort Atkinson, VI 53538
Ph: [phone] rh: [phone]
F. Private.an.alyeical Labs bur-
arc available, sample analyses are cosely.
C. The NCDA provides,chis sarvLca for Norch Carolina rasidencs.
I. Address:
NCDA
Plant, Waste, & Tissue -Lab
4300 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27607
Ph. ( 919 ) 733--2655
U. Forward $4 along wick the sample.
iii. Include che'-following.idancificacion informiacion with sample:
A. Livescoek spactas (dairy,* swine, curkay, acc.)
b. Livestock usage -(swine -nursery, finishing; curkay-braeders.
broodcrhouse,.grower, number flocks grown on liczar; acc.).
C. uasce We (daiC!•loc scraped Manure, liquid slurry; seine -pie
slur=/, la3oor. lieu:d,.siudgc; broiler -house lit:er, seock?L le
Lv, loucine analyses ;pe:,oC3ed on all Samples: `I, F. K, Ca, rig. Sa,
zn. Cu, 8
v. Additional anallses perfor:<cd upon request: oh. Mo, Cd, HL, ?b

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SLoilFacts
WasteAncrlysis
MM Agricultural, industrial, municipal, artd yard wastes can be valuable to farmers
--provided they are properly managed Waste analysis is an important key to
proper rnariagerrrwu. By deterrrrinulg tlic aniourtt of nutrients arrd potentially
harmful elements in the waste, and by determining the product's liming
characteristics, growers and other polential users of these materials can make
informed decisions about their application. Frotrt Gosh an economic and all
environmental standpoint, 11tis informalion benefits all Nordi Carolinians.
This fact sheet will clarify the importance of waste analysis and describe the
procedures for raking reliable samples and submitting Mein to the Waste Advisory
Section at tlicAgronornicDiv4 ion of McNortli Caroluia Department of
Agriculture (NCDA).
Distributed in tunhoranco
of the Acts of Congress
of May 0 and Juno so, 1914.
Employmool and program
opportunities are orlored to
all people regardless 01
race, cots, nalimal origin,
sox, ago, or disabuity. North
Carolina State University,
North Carolina AST State
Urgvorsity, U.S. Department
of Agrkullwo, and local
govommonts cooperating.
Why Waste Analysis?
Waste products roust be used or disposed of
with environmentally sound management
practices in order to prevent damage to our
natural resources. Farms, food -processing
plants, textile manufacturers, pharmaceutical
compaltics, wood and paper producers, and
municipalities all geucratc a variety of waste
products --the disposal of which must be
managed somewhat differently depending
upon the source and the intended use. Most
waste must undergo sonic form of processing
before it can be applied to file land.
As landfill space becomes increasingly
limited, waste producers are being forced to
seek alternative disposal sites or potential
recycling opportunities. Land application is
olio of (lie sa[cst and most common allerna-
tives--provided that best management
practices (13MPs) arc followed. Waste
products are generally applied to tltc land
because they contain nutrients or liming
materials bcncficial to plant growth. Waste
analysis is the Most accurate and efficient
way to measure the nutrient or lime value of
different waste products. Because the amount
of these beneficial components can vary
among waste products, laboratory analysis
Jots the producer know the proper amount of
the waste material to apply to meet the
specific plant needs for each silo. When
ntanabemcnt decisions arc made without
waste -analysis information, even wall -
intentioned users can reduce plant growth and
yields or endanger the environment.
Composting can reduce volume, improve
uniformity, and sometimes alter the nutrient
availability of waste products. Because of
this, samples from the final material that will
be applied must be analyzed.
Nutrient concentrations vary in most
organic waste products. Table 1, for example,
depicts the wide range in nutrients from
animal wastes analyzed by file NCDA
Agronomic Division. Note that the maximum
and minimum values for nitrogen, phosphate,
and potash differ by more than 100-fold.
These numbers should solid a clear rncssagc
North Carolina
Cooperative Extension Sery
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVUSPiY
:' '•?l,'{� ,, •.. ,, COLLEGE OF ACRICULTIJU & LIM SCIENCES
ice

I -
SoilFacts
Table 1. Variations in poultry and swine manure nutrient levels.
Mlntlnum Maxllnum Avoracge
Poultry, broiler house
pounds por ton
Nitrogen
4 137 72
Phosphate
21 146 78
Potash
f•
12 78 46
Swine, liquid lagoon
pounds per 1,000 gallons
Nitrogen
2 345 136.
Phosphate
1 197 -� 53
Potash
5 369. 133
to waste users and environmental
policymakcrs: average nutrient
estimates arc not adequate guides for
the safe and efficient use of waste
materials.
Waste users who fail to test each
waste material arc faced with a
number of questions they simply
cannot answer. Arc they supplying;
plants with adequate allLCiCllts? Are
they building up excess nutrients that
may ultimately move to streams or
groundwater? Are they changing the
soil pH to levels that will not support
plant production? Arc Ihcy applying
Iteavy metals at levels that may be
toxic to plants and permanently alter -
soil productivity?
Because environmental damage
and losses in plant yield and quality
often happen before visible plant
symptoms, growers and other users
should always have their wastes
analyzed by a competent laboratory
and their application rates determined
by a knowledgeable agronomist.
WasteA.nalysis Services
no Waste Advisory Section of the
NCDA Agronomic Division ana-
lyzes wastes, interprets analytical
results, and provides management
recommendations for citizens of
North Carolina. The fee is $4.00 per
sample. Private laboratories also
offer sonic of these services and their
fees vary. .
A good analytical service should
always determine ilia concentrations
of essential plant nutrients, including
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K), calcium (Ca),
magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron
(Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), and boron (13). Analy-
scs of certain municipal and indus-
trial wastes should also include tests
for heavy metals like nickel (Ni),
cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), as well
as elements such as sodium (Na) and
chlorine (Cl). The neutralizing value
(calcium carbonate equivalent, CCC)
of lime -stabilized products or
materials suspected of having liming
characteristics should also be
determined.
Sampling Procedures
Proper sampling is the key to reliable
waste analysis. Although laboratory
procedures are extremely accurate,
they have little value if the samples
fail to represent the waste product.
The importance of careful sampling
becomes clear when one recogilizcs
that laboratory determinations arc
madc on a portion of the sample
submitted that's as little as 0.02
pounds (1 grant) for solid materials
or less than a tablespoon (10
milliliters) for liquid materials.
Waste samples submitted to a
laboratory should represent the
average composition of ilia material
that will be applied to the field. :
Reliable samples typically consist of
Malarial collected from a number of
locations. Precise sampling methods
vary according; to the type of waste.
Ideally, growers should not base
application rates on laboratory test
results from previous years because
nutrient concentrations can change
significantly, particularly when the
waste has been exposed to the
clivirauncal. For example, nutrient
levels in all anaerobic lagoon can be
influenced by rainfall. Stockpiled
Jitter or other wastes may also
Change significantly if left uupro-
tectcd. Municipal and industrial
wastes also vary as production
demands alter inputs and processing.
,Liquid Wastes
Liquid waste samples submitted for
analysis should meal the following
requirements.
■ Place satliple in a scaled plastic
container with abou i a one -quart
volume. Glass is not suitable because
it is breakable and may contain
contaminants.
■ Leave one inch of air space in
the plastic container to allow for
expansion caused by the release of
gas from the waste material.
■ Refrigerate samples that cannot
be shipped an the day they are
collected; this will nlittiMizc
chemical reactions and pressure
buildup from gases.
ldcally, some liquid wastes
should be sampled after they arc
thoroughly mixed. Because this is
solnctlllles impractical, samples can
also be taken in accordance with the
suggestions that follow.
LAGOON LIQUID: Premixing the
surface liquid in the lagoon is not
needed, provided it is the only
component that is being pumped.
Growers with two-slagc systems
Should draw samples from the
lagoon they intend to pump.

Samples should be collected
using a plastic container similar to [lie
one shown in Figure 1. One pint of
material should be taken froth al Icast
eight sitcs arowtd the lagoon and thca
mixed in a plastic contaiticr. Waste
should be collected at least six feel
from the edge of the lagoon at a depth
of about a foot. Shallower samples
from anaerobic lagoons may be less
represcalative than deep samples
,because oxygen transfer near the
surface somctia►es alters the chcmis-
try of the solution. floating debris
and scum should be avoided.
one quart of mixed material
should be sent to the laboratory.
Galvanized containers should never
be used for collection, mixing, or
storage due to (lie risk of Coll tamiIla-
tion from metals like zinc in the
container.
LIQUID 5LUIUM Waste materials
applied as a slurry from a pit, or
sturagc basin should be mixed prior
to sampling. Waste should be
collected from approximalely eight
.areas around the pit or basin and
mixed thoroughly in a plastic
conlaincr. Figure 2 shows a useful
collecting device. Au S- to 10-foul
section or 6.5- to 0.75-Inch plastic
pipe can also be used: the pipe
should be extended into the pit, and
the thumb pressed over the cad to
form an air lock; the pipe is then
removed from the waste, and the air
lock is released to deposit the w;lstc
in a container,
For analysis, the laboratory
requires one quart of material in a
plastic container. The sample should'
-not be rinsed into the container
because doing so dilutes the mixture
and distorts nutrient evaluations.
However, if water is typically added
to tine waste prior to land application,
a proportionate quantity of water
should be added to the sample.
iSolid Wastes
Solid waste samplcs should mprescat
the average moisture contcttl of [lie
Wooden pole (10 feet)
Plastic cup
Figure 1. Liquid waste sampling device.
PVC pipe
(2 Inches diameter,
6 foot long)
i
i
� r
Rubber mall
(2'/2 inces diameter)
Figure 2. Slurry sampling device.
A one -quart samplc is required
lbr analysis. Samples should be
taken from approximately eight
different areas in the waste, placed in
a plastic conlaincr, and thoroughly
nixed. Approximately one quart of
Plastic container (5
gallons)
Clean -out dowel
(1 inch diameter
PVC pipe)
Plastic container
(5 gallons)
F]
the mixed samplc should be placed
in a plastic bag, scaled, and shipped
directly to the laboratory. Samples
stored for more lhaa two days should
be refrigerated. Figure 3 shows a
device for sampling solid waste.
waste.

1
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POULTRY IN-IIOUSL MANURE
SAMPLING: Nutrient concentration
varies widely in poultry litlur—bode
from house to house and within each
house. if waste iS to be applied by
house, cacti one should be sampled
separately.
Waste samples should be
collected from G to 12 locations in
the house. Each sample should
extend from the top to the botlotn of
the accumulated waste. Samples
taken around waterers, feeders, and
brooders should be proportionate to
the space these areas occupy in floc
house. The collected material should
be combined in a plastic container
and mixed thoroughly. The one -
quart laboratory sample should be
taken from this mixture.
POULTRY )JELOW-HOUSE
MANURE SAMPLING: Ina high-
rise system, manure is deposited
below the poultry house. If the
system is properly ...:magcd, the
manure should be fairly uniform in
moisture and appearance.
Approximately tight samplcs
'should be collected throughout the
storage area. If manure in curtain
areas differs in appearance, lake
samples proportionate to the size and
number of these areas. For example,
if 10 percent of the manure differs
from the bulk pile, thcu 10 perccnt
of the total sample should be taken
from this area. The collected
material should be combined in a
plastic container and mixcd lhor-
oughly. Ile one -quart laboratory
sample should be taken from this
mixturc, placed in a plastic bag,
1 scaled, and shipped to the laboratory
for analysis. If the sample can not be
' shipped within one day of sampling,
'it should be refrigerated.
STOCKPILED LIT`rER: Ideally,
stockpiled wasle should be stored
under cover oil an inlpervious
surface. The weathered exterior of
uncovered waste may not accurately
represent the majority of (lie matc-
rial. Rainfall generally movcs watcr-
Waste Analysis
Dowel
Metal rod Clean -out dowel
(broomstick)
/ 3 feet
Plastic'contairter
(5 gallons)
Thin-wallod metal
tubing
(1 inch diameter)
Figure 3. Solid waste sampling device
soluble nutrients down into the pile.
If an unprotected stockpile is used
over an extended period,'it should be
sampled before cacti application.
Stockpiled waste should be
sampled at a depth. of at least 18
inches at si-x or more locations. ]'tic
collected matcrial should be com-
bincd in a plastic container and
mixed thoroughly. The one -quart
laboratory sample should be liken
from this mixturc, placed in a plastic
bag, scaled, and shipped to the
laboratory for analysis. If the sample
cannot be shipped within two days of
sampling, it should be refrigerated.
SUIWACE-SCRAPED WASTE:
Surface -scraped and piled materials
should be trcalcd like stockpiled
waste. Follow the same procedures
for taking samples. Ideally, surface -
scraped materials should be pro-
icctcd from (lie weather unless they
arc used immediately.
COMPOSTE0 WASTE: Ideally,
composted waste should be stored
under cover on an impervious
surface. Although nutrients are
somewhat stabilized in these
materials, sonic nutrients can leach
out during rains. Whcn composted
waste is left unprotected, samples
should be submitted to the laboratory
cacti time the material is applied.
Sampling procedures the sank as
those described for stockpiled waste.
Understanding the Waste
Analysis Report
Sampics submillcd to the NCDA
Agronomic Division will be ana-
lyzcd and the sender will receive a
report that lists the concentration of
each plant nutricnt and several
potentially harmful clemcnts.
Specific concentrations of nutrients
and outer elements are reported on a
dry -weight basis for solid wastes;
results for liquid wastes arc reported
on a volume basis.
Tile most useful information is
nutrients available for (lie first crop.
These levels arc predicted oat an as -is
or wct basis. Nutrient availability is
predicted by estimaling the nutrient
release rate from the waste and a
nutrient loss for a specific applica-
tion melhod.

Nutrients listed in the report as
"available for the first crop" should
be used in determining the actual
application rate to nnect a specific
plant nutrient requirement. For the
availability prediction to be reliable, .
growers must have properly idcnti-
ficd the type of waste and the
application method on the informa-
tion sheet submitted to the laboratory.
For waste materials suspected of
containing liming materials, such as .
stack dust or lime -stabilized waste, a
calcium -carbonate equivalent (CCE)
determination should be requested.
These materials arc reported on a dry -
weight basis for solid and semi -solid
materials and on a volume basis for
liquids. The CCE can be used to
compare waste materials to agricul-
tural lime for effectivcrncss in
neutralizing soil acidity. The agricul-
tural lime cquivalent (ALE) is also
calculated on a wet basis. This
indi6tcs the amount of the waste
product that must be applied to have
the same liming polcmial as one from
agricultural lime with 90% CCE
Monitoring and Record
Keeping.
Growers who use waste materials as
fertilizer or a source of lime should
maintain records of the analytical
results, application rates, and soil
tests for each application site.
Growers arc also advised to Lake
Waste Analysis
plant samples to evaluate their
nutrient management program,
identify corrective actions for current
crops, and plan improvements for
future crops.
Owners of waste application sites
may also wish to sample surface and
groundwater supplies once a year to
confirm that nutrient-managerent
programs are not adversely affecting
the environment. Where waste
products havc been applied regularly
for a number of years, growers
should also monitor the buildup of
metals that can affect long-term soil
productivity, particularly zinc and
copper. For municipal and industrial
waste sites, nickel, cadmium, lead,
and sodium should also be monitored.

i
Soffact s
' Prepared by
J.1? zublesa,
Associate State Progroat LeaderAMR10 D, North Carolina Cooperative C.etensiou Service, NCSU
C. Ray Campbell,
Section Chief, I'larulWuslclSolution Advisory, Agronomic Division, NCDA
10,000 copies of this public document were printed ai a cost of $1,350, or $.135 per copy.
Published by
NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
8/95-1 oM—JM G-250372 AG-439-33

Circle the type of samples submitted
la t ii0tow-1
GROWER INFORMATION
Telephone Yd'
.7 1:t­
rz[h
PATM]FS. r - M.QQ pe._F..tAnaJp[
MIL6 Chic'16 im IdNclfix Z*
Farm ID: Sampled Ely- —
LabNum Sample Waste
"ll-) ID Code
Date-.
Sample Description
Waste Analysis Information Sheet
Waste Advisory Section
Agronomic Division
N.C. Dept. of Agriculture
4300 Reedy Creek Rd.
Raleigh, NC 27607-6465
�DDMONAL CO3IMS
A copy of this report will be sent to the Cooperative Extension Office. Please indicate additional copies requested
Applicatlon Corresponding Sample ID
Methods Soil Plant Solution Comments Lab Use
7L,
Lj_ a
E�L
_:-Iv
N
_17
V�J
L: f
2: ':'i %J7-
03r,
Z.
M0 -�
CArimuCA-17ION Mkiii6b§
7z"`," ;7 v.
Sample Type Predictive is for a routine rbeck of nutrient content plus Interpretation and general recommendations.
BR -
Waste broadcast on Soil surface and left
Diagnostic is for special =6unce in solving suspected nutritional problems. Specific interpretation and recommendations are provided.
uncovered for one week at longer.
Grover Information - Print telephone (must be Included for electronic data access), name, mailing address, county (sample origination) and fee information.
SI a
Waste broadcast on soil surface and
Firm ID - Farm Indentification or location (no more than 16 letters).
plowed or disked into soil within
Simple ID - Sample Identification (no More than 4 digits of letters). The same ID should appear on Sample containers.
two days.
Waste Code - Identify type of waste using codes (see back of information sheet}
IN =
Waste injected directly into the soil and
Sample Description - Additional descriptive Information sbould be provided if a specific waste code Is not identified_
covered immediately.
Application Methods - Select one or two application methods for estimation of outrical availability.
IR -
Waste applied through irrigation system
< Carritspoudiog Sample ID - List the IfYs of matching soil, plazt, and solution samples submitted.
and left uncovered for one week
9 Comments - Additional information. Brief statement of prublcm at purpose in Sampling (must be provided for diagnostic samples).
or longer.

M
Surface Scraped
SSD
Dairy
SSE
Beef
SSS
Swint
SSP
Poultry
SSE
Sheep
SSG
Goat
SSH
Horse
SSO
Other'
Poultry House Litter
HLB Broiler
UBE Broiler Breeder
HLT Turkey
HLD Duck
HLO Other•
Poultry Stockpiled Litter
SLB Broilet
SIT Turkey
SIM Duck
SLO Other*
Liquid Manure Slurry
LSD
Dairy
LSB
Beef
LSV
Vest
LSS
Swine
ESP
Poultry
LSO
Other'
ladicate type of waste under comments
Anaerobic Lagoon Liquid
ALD Dairy
ALB Sect
ALV Veal
AIS Swine
ALP Poultry
ALO Other'
Anaerobic Lagoon Sludge
ASD Dairy
ASS Beef
ASS Swine
ASP Poultry
ASO Other*
Aerobic Liquid
AES Swine
ATO Other*
Aerobic Sludge
ASW Swine
Composted Farm Waste
FCD Dairy
FCB Beef
FCH Horse
FCS Swine
FSM Swine Mort.
FCP Poultry
FPM Poultry Mort
FCE Sheep
FCG Goat
FCC Crop Residue
FCV Vegetable
FCW Other'
Non -Composted Waste
NCR Crop Residue
NYR Vegetable Residue
NHS Hark/Sawdust
NCW Other•
hiucicipal
MWR
Raw
MAE
Aerobic
MAN
Anaerobic
MLS
lime Stabilized
MOX
Chem Ox (Cl)
NICY
Composted Yard Waste
NICS
Composted Sludge
MWO
Other'
Industrial - Textile
TXR
Raw
TAX
Aerobic
TAN
Anaerobic
TLS
lime Stabilized
TOX
Chem Ox (Cl)
TCW
Composted
TXO
Other"
Industrial - Poultry
PLR
Raw
PAE
Aerobic
PAN
Anacrobic
PIS
lime Stabilized
PDX
Chem Ox (Cl)
PCW
Composted
PLO
Otbcr•
Industrial - Pharmaceutical
PHR
Raw
PHA
Aerobic
PHN
Anaerobic
PHL
Ume Stabilized
PHX
Chem Ox (Cl)
PHC
Composted
PHO
Other`
Industrial - Stack DustlAsh
SAR ]taw
SAC Composted
SAO Oster'
Industrial - Other
IOR
Raw
IOE
Aerobic
ION
Anaerobic
IOL
Ume Stabilized
SOX
Cbem Ox (CI)
IOC
Composted
100
Other•
={:. r-:arxi::'—r:._ :a:: _ - -
1_�- - GvXnErlrrEs`.FOR AMPLiNG 1�ARr►_NuitEs ;.
Caution: As with soil testing, the analytical results from waste materials are no better than
the sample. Every effort should be made to ensure that samples are representative of the
waste material being evaluated.
SURFACE SCRAPED MANURES
After manure has been piled, collect a representative sample from several locations. Place in
a plastic bucket and mix thoroughly. Place approximately 1 quart of material Ina clean bag
and mail in a suitablt container to the laboratory.
POULTRY LITTER
Stockpiled: Collect representative core samples al least 18 inches deep from several
locations on the pile. Mix samples thoroughly in a plastic bucket. Place approximately 1
quart of material in a clean plastic bag and mail in a suitable eoatainer to the laboratory.
in -House: inspect house and estimate perceotage of floor space utilized in different
activities (feeding, watering, etc.). Take core sections of litter in these areas to represent the
proportionate make-up of the house. Mix samples thoroughly In a plastic bucket. Place
approximately I quart of material in a clean plastic bag and mail in a suitable container to
the laboratory.
LIQUID MANURE SLURRY
Fir Under Slatted Floor: Use a length of 1/2' conduit or similar device to collect the sample.
With both ends of the conduit open, extend it into the manure pit floor. Place thumb over the
end of the conduit and remove the core sample. Do this at no less than 5 locations in the pit.
After taking the samples, mix thoroughly and send approximately 1 pint of material in a clean
plastic container to the laboratory.
ExteriorSroroge Basin: After the slurry has been well mixed, take samples from
approxmately rive locations in the pit. Place material in a plastic bucket and mix thoroughly.
Send approximately 1 pint of slurry to the laboratory in a clean plastic container.
LIQUID LAGOON
Construct a 10-15 foot pole with a 112 pint container attached to one end. Use this to collect
liquid from at least five representative locations in the lagoon. Always take the sample
approximately 10 ft. from the edge of the lagoon and one foot under surface. Do not include
floating scum or debris. Mix thoroughly and send approximately 1 pint of liquid in a clean
plastic container to the laboratory.
SAMPLE FEE: A sample fee of $4.00 per sample is charged for waste analysis
20,1100 eoptea of Ob raalie eacrmeN.na plated at a feral enat a[ 7597.0 or $0.055 ea.

r MEli M M M M m m= M M M MM.
Farm Owner:
Exhibit 11
Lagoon- Liquid Irrigation Field Records
irrigation Operator
Field date Crop Field Irrigation Time Number of Sprinkler Nozzle:
No. Type Size, Sprinklers
Start End Total Operating Diameter Pressure Flow Spacing,ft
acres mins inch psi gpM width length
I � l
{
. I
I
I
I I
1.
I -
JCBIW/NCSU/7-93/2
cn

Lagoon Liquid Irrigation Records
Farm Owner Custom Aoolicator (if used)
Name:
-�.ddress :
Phone:
yield Date Irrigation Soil Crop Realistic
Nutrient
Liquid Analysis
Liquid Nutrients Applied
Nutrient Balance, I
No. Type Type Yield,
Recommendations,
Plant Available Nutrients,
Plant Available,
volume area lb,bu,ton
lbs/acre
lbs/1000 gallons
lbs/acre
lbs/acre
gals acres per acre
N P205 K20
N P205 K20 Zn Cu
N P205 K20 Zn Cu
N P205 K20 Zn Cu
Totals
JCB/BA>_/NCSU/7 -93/1

sprinkler flow rate, gpm = from manufacturers data sheet based on sprinkler operating pressure and nozzle diameter
irrigation volume, gallons = no. of sprinklers operating x sprinkler flaw rate, gpm x irrigation time, mins
irrigation area, acres = no. of sprinklers operating x sprinkler spacing width, ft x length, ft + 43560
liquid nutrients applied, lbs/ac -- liquid nutrient analysis,.lbs/1000 gallons W 1000 x irrigation volume, gallons
- irrigation area, acres
x 83.5 = lbs/1000 gallons
ppm x .00835 -- lbs/1000 gallons
lbs/1000 gallons x 27.154 - lbs/acre-inch

EXAMPLE RECORD KEEPING FORM
FARM NAME:
OPERATOR IN CHARGE OR MANAGER:
TELEPHONE NUMBER OF FARM MANAGER:
CROP MAINTENANCE RECORDS
•.
,
.PER
CROPS
ACRE
PER ACRE
EXAMPLE RECORD KEEPING FORM

M M M M M
EXIUBrr D-2
TABLE 2 - Traveling Irrigation Gun Settings
Make, Nio del and Type of Equilinient:
Field Nol "Gravel Aaplieation TRAVEL LANE
and Speed Rate Effective E(Geoive
Hydrant No" 1 wr'lin) (irv'hr) 1Vi&.%(n) Leng;h (tt)
£QUIPIMENT SETTINGS
Wetted Nozzle Oputtirg Operating
Diameter Diameter Pressure Pressure Are
(feet) (inches) Gun (psi) Reel (psi) P21ern3 Cornrnrnts
I I I
I ! 1
I I 1
-
I-
i I I
I I
I
I
I I 1
I l
I
I
I I I
I
I
I I
I
II I
I
I I
I See attached map.
2Sho\v separate entries for each hydrant location in each field.
3Use the following abbreviations for various arc patterns: F (full circle), TQ (three quarters), TT (two thirds), H (half circle), T (one third), Q (one quarter).
May also use degrees of arc.
MRCS. NC
JUNE, 1996

=orm SLUR-1 Slurry and Sludge Application Field Record
For Recording Slurry Application Events on Different Fields
Farm Owner Facility Number -
Spreader Operator
Date Field Size Application # of Loads Volume of Loads 2
Tract # Field # (mrrilddlyr) Crop Type (acres) Method. Per Field
(gallons)
' Sl = soil incorporated (disked); 9R - broadcast (surface applied)
2 Can be found in operator's manual for the spreader. Contact a local dealer if you do not have your owners manual.

= Ml M M M M = M
Form SLUR-2
Slurry and Sludge Application Field Record
One Form for Each Field Per Crop Cycle
End Exhibit 11
Tract # Field # Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Spreader Operator
Spreader Operator's
Owners Address Address
Owners Phone # Operators Phone #
From Animal Waste Management Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN
Loading (iblacre) = (B)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(5) (6)
(7)
(8)
Total Volume
Date
Volume Per Acre 2
Waste Analysis
PAN Applied
Nitrogen Balance 3
# of Loads Per Field Volume of Loads allons
(mmlddlyr) {9 )
atlac
{9 ) PAN {1b1i000 gal)
Iblac
( )
{lblac) .
(2) X (3)
(4) + (A)
x
[(5) (6)) 1.000
fB] - (7)
Crop Cycle Totals
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operators Signature
Operator Certification #
' Can be found in operator's manual for the spreader. Contact a local dealer if ybu do not have your owner's manual.
2 See your animal waste'management plan for sampling frequency. At a minimum, waste analysis Is required within 60 days of land application events.
' Enter the value received by subtracting column (7) from (B). Continue subtracting column m from column (8) following each application event.

l
1
�4 1
w
0
0
Z
Distributed in furtherance
of the Acts of Congress
of May 6 and June 30, 1914.
Employment and program
opportunities are offered to
all people rogardloss of
race, color, national origin,
sox, ago, or disability. North
Cwotlna State University,
North Carolina A&T Stato
University, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, and local
governments cooperating.
.. j
Swine .l inure as a
Fertilizer ilizer Source
Swine manure can be an crcellerlt source of nutrients for crop production. The key
to proper management is determining the nutrient content of the manure, the
percentages of those nuu,ients that.are available to the plant, and the nutrient
requirements of the plant. Considered together, these three factors will help you
apply the proper amount.
Nutrient Content of the Manure
Because tlic nutrient content of swine ma-
aurc varies among operations and over time,
the manure must be'analyzed before you
apply it to the land. Waste samples can be
analyzed for $4.00 by contacting tile Nortli
Carolina Department-& Agriculture
(NCDA),•Agronomic.D'ivision; Plant and
Waste Analysis Lab, P.O, Box 27647, Blue
Ridge Road Ccn ter, Raleigh, NC 27611.
Other qualified private laboratories are also
.available (fees vary).
Samples collected for analysis should be
ruprescntative of (lie pit or lagoon. If the
wastc.is to bc.applied as a slurry, the storage
pit or basin, should be agitated before sam-
pling, Collect approximately 314 of a pint'of
material in an expandable container, being
sure to Ieavc air space.
If you cannot have a sample analyzed,
determine the application rate by using the
average nutrient values for different swine
manure systems shown in Table I. Table 2
shows the average amounts of secondary and
Table 1. Nutrient Composition of Swine Manure
Manure Total.
Ammonium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Type N.
NH,- N
Ps06
K20
lb/ton
Fresh 12
7
9
9
Scraped' 13
7
12
Ib11,000 gallons
Liquid slurry', 31
19
22
17
Anaerobic
lagoon sludge 22
6
49
7
lblacre-inch
Anaerobic
lagoon liquid 136
ill
53
133
Source; Abddgod from North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual.
'Golloctod within 1,wook.
7Six-12 months. accumulation of manuro, urfno, and excess water usage; does not Include
fresh water tor;::;ti, r
ltushfng or lot runoff."
'.: ;=.:
North Carolina
.Cooperative Extension Service
NORTH.CAROLINA STATE UMYMSrN
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE & LIFE SCIENCES

SoilFads
micronutrienis present in swine
manures. These valucs can be used
as planning guidelincs, ;is long as
you realize that they arc not as
accurate as a sample analysis.
Nutrient Availabilities
The total nutrient contcnt reported
on a manure analysis report (or the
Ievcls shown in Tables 1 and 2) is
not immediately available to the
crops when the manurc is applied.
Some elements ;arc released when
the organic matter is decomposed by
soil microorganisms. Other elements
can combine with soil constituents
and be made unavailable. Nitrogen
;may also be lost to the atmosphere
through volatilization or denitriGca-
tion, depending on [lie application
method and soil moisture levels.
Table 3 lists the proportion of
nutrients available for crop use
during the first year of application
for given application methods.
When determining the application
rate, refer to tlic availability coeffi-
eicnt for the appropriate application
method, and then multiply that
number by the corresponding nutri-
ent value on the waste analysis
report (or by the values shown in
..Tables 1 and 2). Waste analysis
reports from the NCDA's Agro-
nomic Division show the nutrient
,availabilities for the first crop.
The most recently applied waste
is not the only source of nutrients;
they are also available from prcvi-
ous applications of manures or from
Table 3. First -Year Availability Coefficients for Swine Manure
Manure
Type
Sol]
Iniection' Incorporation' Broadcast' Irrigation
P,O, and K,0 availability coefficients
All manure types
0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
N availability coefficient
Scraped
paved surface
-- 0.6 0.4. --
Liquid
manure slurry
0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3
Anaerobic
lagoon liquid
0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5
Anaerobic.
lagoon sludge
0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4
'Manuro injocled.diroctly into soil and Immediatoly covered.
'Surface-sproad manure plowed or disked -into soil within two days.
'Surface -spread manure uncovered for one month or longer.
'Sprinkler -irrigated liquid uncovered for one month or longer.
legumes crops. Willi the exception
of nitrogen, updated soil tests arc
the best means of determining
nutricnt reserves from manure
applications. Table 4 can be used to
estimate available nitrogen carry-
over from legumes.
Application Rates
Land appljcation, rates of manure are
gcncrally.':dctcrmined by matching
the -available. nitrogen or phosphorus
content of, the wastes to the nutrient
requircmenis,of the crops. In most
cases, nitrogen determines the
application rataunless the area is
designated "nutrient sensitive" and
indicates that phosphorus movement
off -site could contaminate surface
waters. In areas not designated as
nutricnt sensitive, phosphorus
movement can be adequately con-
trolled with conservation methods
that minimize soil and nutrient
runoff. The conservation methods
include grass field borders, grassed
waterways, contour planting, and
reduced tillage. Leaching of phos-
phorus is extremely limited on
mineral soils and should.not contrib-
ule to groundwater contamination.
Nitrogen recommendations for
various crops are listed in Table 5.
Use these rates as guidelines with
the rcalistic yield capabilities for
cacti crop and field. With feed and
forage crops., cxccssive manure
jp=,Table•2. Secondary and Micronutrient Content of Swine Manures
'"Yp S ManureT a Ca M S -Na Fe Mn B MO zn Cu
lb/ton
resh 79 1 7 1 8 1 6 0 39 0 04 0 074 0 00066 0 12 0 020
Paved lot scraped
1.2.0
2.3 2.2
1.6
1.03 0.19
0,015
0.00007
0.35
0.15 '
.;;.
Ib/1,000 gallons
Liquid slurry
8.6
2.9 4.7
3.7
0.69 0.15
0.059
0.0011
0.39
0.11
Lagoon sludge
15.8
4.5 8.3
2.0
1.8 0.28
0.023
0.0095
0.67
0.23
Ibi'acre-Inch
��',11goon liquid
25.5 '.
° 8.3 �:'�:10.0
-;57.7' :: ;'
2.4' ,34 '
0.18'.
0.0045 ..
.1.5
101
r'N'''Sourco: Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department; NCSU.
,

1
1
1
1
Table 4. Estimated Residual Nitrogen Provided -by a Good
Stand of Legumes Grown In Rotation
Legume Residual Nitrogen Available
(lb/acre)
Alfalfa'
80-100
Harry vetch`
80-100
Crimson clover,
60-75
Austrian winter pea'
50-60
Soybeans'
15-30
Peanuts' 20-40
lKlled before planting current spring crop.
'Legume planted In previous year or season. Moro nluagon will bo available if the
tall -planted crop immediately follows the logumo. On sandy soils and In yoars with
normally high precipitation, loss nitrogen will be available to spring -planted crops.
Table 5. Nitrogen Fertilization Guidelines
Commodity Ib N/RYE'
Corn (grain) 1.0 -1.25 Ib Nlbu
Corn (silage) 10 - 20 lb N/ton
Cotton
Sorghum (grain)
-Wheat (grain)
Rya (grain)
Barley (grain)
Triticale (grain)
Oats
Bermudagrass (hay'-)
Tall fescue (hay'-)
Orchardgrass (hay'-)
Small grain(hay'-)
Sorg hum-sud ang rass (hay'-)
0.06 - 0.12 lb N/lb lint
2.0 2.5 lb Nlcwt
1.7 - 2.4 lb Nlbu
1.7 - 2.4 lb N/bu
1.4 - 1.6 lb Nlbu
1.4-1.6lbN/bu
1.0 - 1.3 lb Nlbu
40 - 50 lb Nldry ton
40.50 lb N/dry ton
40.50 lb Nldry ton
50 - 60 lb N/dry ton
45.55 lb N/dry ton
' <'• Millet. (hay'-) 45.55 lb Nldry ton
'"`.''Pine and hardwood trees 40 - 60 lb'Nlacrelyear
"RYE = Realistic Yield Expectation
'Annual maintenance guldelines
'Reduce N rale by 25 percent when grazing
'On trees less than 5 feet tall. N will stimulate undergrowth competition
application can produce high nitrate
.concentrations, which can harin
livestock (through nitrate poisoning)
ind promote nutrient imbalances
'that may lead to grass letany. If
loading rates arc based on phospho-
rus, apply.tltc amount suggested by
sail test recommendations. Other
nutrients such as potassium, magne-
sium, and the micronutrients manga-
ncsc, zinc, and copper may not be
supplied in sufficient quantities for
normal crop production. In such
cases; apply the supplemental
nutrients with a commercial ferti-
lizer as recommended by a current
sail test,
In addition to the supply of
nutrients, proper soil pli is required
to promote organic matter decompo-
silion, improve crop yields, and
ensure nutrient availability. The
biological conversion of organic
matter to nitrate is an acid-forming
process that will continue to reduce
soil pl•I unless you follow an adc-
quote sampling and liming program.
. To hclp you determine land
application rates, a workslicet is
provided at the end of this publica-
tion.
Timing of Manure
Applications
In addition to carefully calculating
Elie application rate, you must also
minimize the delay between apply-
ing the manure and planting the
crop. Precise timing increases the
amount of nitrogen used by the crop
and thus reduces leaching. The risk
of surface water and groundwater
contamination is greater in areas of
high rainfall and where manures arc
applied in the fall or winter for
spring crops. On sandy -textured
soils, apply manures at low rates
throughout the growing season,
wlicrcvcr possible, to reduce nitro-
gen leaching caused by the soil's
low nutrient -holding capacity.
Exercise caution when applying
lagoon liquid through irrigation onto
standing crops that are undergoing
stresses.
Acreage Requirements
for New Facilities
Whenever samples of manure or
lagoon liquid arc available for
analysis, the specific results should
be used to determine application
rates and acreage rcquirentents.
However, when you are planning
new facilities, average values can
help determine the approximate
acreage requirements for a given
size swine operation. Table 6 can be
used to determine the minimum
acreage a new unit will need for
manure use.
An example will make these
methods clear: A producer is inter-
ested in starting a 500-saw farrow-

Swine Manua-e as a Fertilizer Source
Io-finish operation using an anaero-
that cach sow would require 0.0867
potassium (K_O) in cacti inch of
bic lagoon collection system. The
acres to utilize its waste. A 500-sow
lagoon liquid is approximately 68,
producer is considering spraying the
operation would thus require 43.4
37. and 93 pounds per ;acre, respec-
lagoon liquid effluent on bermu-
acres (0.0367 x 500 = 43.4).
lively. At $0.225 per pound of
•.dagrass being grown for hay. The
❑ilrogcn, $0.22 per pound of phos-
realistic yield expected for this field
Value of Manure
phaic, and $0.12 per pound of
is 6 dry tons per acre. blow many
potash, the manure's gross worth is
acres of bermudagrass would be
To compare the palue of manure to
(63 x $.225) + (37 x $.22) +
needed?
commercial fertilizer, convert the
(93 x $.I2)
Using Table 5, the maximum
manure nutrients to available nutri-
nitrogen (N) rate required is 300 lb
cnts by usjng•thcir a,vailabiliiy
or
per acre (6 tons x 50 lb N/ton). Go
cocfficicnts..ln thp.cxamplc that
$15.30 + $8.14 + $11.16 = $34.60
now to Table 6 under surface broad-
follows, the amount of available
per acre for cach inch of lagoon
cast column 300, and you will find
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (f :Oy), and
liquid.'
Table 6. Minimum Amount of land Needed<to I Apply Swine Manure as a Nitrogen Fertilizer 1'
Based on the Nitrogen Rate Required by the Crap.
Soil Incorporated'
Surface Broadcast'
_.
lb N/acre/year
100 ' 200 300 400
100 200 300 400
`.'Manuro'Handling
and Production Unit
Acres/animal unit capacity
Paved Lot Scraped Manure
Weanling-to-feeder per head 0.025 0.012 0.0082 0.0062
0.0158 0.0074 0.0049 0.0037
Feeder -to -finish per head 0.12
0.061 0.041 0.030
0.073 0.036 0.024 0.018
Farrow-lo-weanlin9per sow 0.29
-0.14 0.095 0.071
0.17 0.085 0.057 0.043
Farrow -to -feeder per sow 0.34
0.17 0.11 0.086
0.21 0.10 0.069 0.051
'
Farrow -to -finish per sow 1.4
0.70 0.47 0.35
0.84 0.42 0.28 0.21
i:..Liquid Manure Slurry
Weanling-to-feeder per head
;', ::'Feeder -to -finish per head
' �• Farrow-lo-weanling per sow
Farrow -to -feeder per sow
Farrow -to -finish per -sow
0.031
0.015
' 0.010
0.15
0.076
0.051
0.36
0.18
0.12
0.43
0.21'
0.14
1.7
0.87
0.58
0.0077
0.019.
0.0095
0.0063
' 0.0047
0.038
0.094
.0.0470
0.031
0.023-
0.089
0.22
0.11
0.073
0.055
0.11
0.26
0.13
0.088
0.066
0.44
1.1
0.54
0.36
0.27
Anaerobic Lagoon Sludge
I' Weanling-to-feeder per head
0.0019
0.0010
0.0006
0.0005
0.0016
0,0008
0.0005
0.0004
Feederdo-finish per head
0.0094
0.0047
0.0031
0.0024
0.0078
0.0039
0,0026
0.0019
Farrow-to-weanling per sow
0,015
0.007.4.
0.0049
0.0037
0.018
0.0091.
0.0061
0.0046
,f Farrow -to -feeder per sow
0.018
0,0089
0.0059
0.0044
0.022
0.011
0.0073
0.0055
"Farrow -to -finish per saw
0.11
0.054
0.036
0.027
0.089
0.045
0.030
0.022
'."..Anaerobic Lagoon Liquid
Weanling-to-feeder per head
0.0075
0.0038
0.0025
0.0019
0.0048 '
0.0024
0.0016
0.0012
Feeder -to -finish per head
0.037
0.018
0.012
0,0092
0.023
0.012
0.0078
0.0058
Farrow-lo-weanling per sow
0.084
0.042
0.028
0.021
0.054
0.027
'0.018
0.013
Farrow -to -feeder per sow
0.10
0.051
0.034
0,025
0.065
0.032
0.022
0.016
Farrow -to -finish per sow
0.41
0.21
0.14
0.10
0.26
0.13
0.088
0.066
'Incorporated within 2 days
`.'Not incorporated for 1 month or longer, lagoon liquid irrigated.

Swine Manl'ire rrs a Fcr•tilizei- Source
1
This value does iiat include
labor or irrigalion equipment costs,
nor does it include the value orally
secondary or micronutrients avail-
able in the nianure. In addition, it
assumes that the soil test lias indi.
catcd a need for cacti nutrient,
when, in fact, many rtulrieitis may
not be needed. Nutrients not needed
should not be considered in assess-
ing the financial value of the ma-
nure.
Land Application
w01-1z11eet
'harmer Jones has a swine c>peratiou
in which lagoon liquid is applied
through a travel gun to ferligate a
field for corn. His yield goal is
about 120 bushels per acre, and lie
decides to apply [lie cquivalcnt of
120,pounds:of nitrogcn per acre.
(Table 5). His land is not subject to
erosion, nor is it in a nutricnt sensi-
Worksheet: Determining the Nutrient Needs of Your Crop
live watershed. The corn crop will
be planted in (lie sarne field that had
soybeans last year. lie has grass
borders nn his field to further reduce
the polcmial of nutricnt or pesticide
runoff.
Farmer Jones uses a starter
fertilizer on his corn crop at a rate to
supply 10 pounds of nitrogen per
acre and 34 pounds of P20s per. acre.
1•le intends to supply the remainder
of nitrogen from liquid swine lagoon
Example Your Farm
1. Crop to be grown
corn
2.Total nutrients required
a. N (Table 5) (lb/acre)
120
b. PO, (soil test) (lb/acre)
50
c. K20 (soil test) (lb/acre)
50
3. Pounds of starter or preplant fertilizer used
a. N (lb/acre) 10
b. PA (Iblacre) 34
c. K,O.(Ib/acre) 0
4. Residual N credit from legumes (Table 4) (lb/acre) 20
5. Net nutrient needs of crop (lb/acre)
Nitrogen: Total need (item 2a) minus additional N from
starter (item 3a), minus legume (item 4)
a. N: .120 —10 — 20 (lb/acre) 90
Phosphorus and potassium; Total need (items 2b and 2c)
minus additional nutrients from starter (items 3b and 3c)
b. P206: 50 -- 34 (lb/acre) 16
c. KA 50 — 0 (lb/acre) 50
RATE OF MANURE TO APPLY
6. Nutrient totals in manure (from Table 1 or waste samples).'If analysis
report already gives available nutrients,: skip this Item.
a. Total N (lb/acre-inch) 136
b. P20s (lb/acre-inch) 53
c. K 2 0 (lb/acre-inch) 133

end Exhibit 12
Soffac�,'
' effluent. How much effluent does he will be needed to supplement the of 50 pounds of each nutrient per
need to apply to mccl [Ile nitrogen crop with additiolurl K10 or P.Oti to acre? 'I'lic answers are given in the
nccds of his corn crop? I low much satisfy his soil test recommendalions wcuksh"t.
Worksheet (conitnued)
Example , _ Your Farm
7, Nutrients available to crop (items 6a, 6b, and 6c) times availability
f' coefficients (fable 3)
a. Available N: 136 x 0.5lib/acre-inch) 68
b. Available PO,: 53 x 0.7 (lblacre-inch) 37
' c. Available KO: 133 x 0.7 (lb/acre-inch) 93
B,Application rate to supply priority nutrient
' a. Priority nutrient nitrogen
b. Amount of priority nutrient needed (lb/acre from item 5a) 90
' c. Elate of manure needed to supply priority nutrient
(item 8b)/(item 7a): 90168 (acre -inch) 1.32
' 9. Pounds per acre of all nutrients supplied at the application rate
required to meet the needs for the priority nutrient. For each nutrient,
multiply the available nutrients (items 7a, 7b, and 7c) by manure rate (item Be).
' a. N supplied: 68 x 1.32 (lb/acre) 90
b. P.O. supplied: 37 x 1.32 (lb/acre) 49
c. K,0 supplied; 93 x 1.32 (lb/acre) 123
10.Nutrient Balance: Not nutrient need (—) or excess (+) after application �T
of manure at calculated rate. Subtract the not nutrient needs of the crop
(items 5a, 5b, and Sc) from the nutrient rate applied (items 9a, 9b, and 9c).
' a. N balance: 90 — 90 (lb/acre) 0
b. PA balance, 49 —16 (Ib/acre) +33
c. Kz0 balance: 123 -- 50 (lb/acre) +73
Source: Calculation format modified from Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Feld Application of Manure,
October 19B6.
' Prepared by
J. P. Zublena, Etlens•ion Soil Science Spccialist
J. C Barker, Extension Agricultural Engineering Specialist
J. W. Parker, Galcasion Area Swine Specialist (retired)
C. M. Stanishm" Extension Swirre Spccialist
' The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of the North Carolina Deparuncm of Agriculture's
Agronomic Division in the analysis of samples and lire development of lire data base used in this publication.
10,000 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $1,422.00, or $.14 per copy.
Published by
NORTH CAROLINA COOPfERA71VE EXTENSION SERVICE
03--1014—MOC--Woodard (Revised) AG439.4
WOWM-39

Exhibit 13
7
1
1
t
Planting 6-:uideforforage
in North Carolina'
This planting guide provides the'best available information about planting rates, depths,,
and stand evaluation for forage crops commonly grown in North Carolina. The process of
establishing a forage crop is very important because;
❑ It is expensive—$f 00-10 $250 per acre;
❑ Perennial crops can remain productive for several years without replanting, and thus
poor stands can result in long-term low yields and increased production costs;
❑ Soil and water conservation and animal feeding depend upon rapid establishment
of persistently good stands.
Variety Selection
Variety selection can influence the produc-
tivity and persistence of a; crop, but most -
of the information provided here applies to
all varieties ot.the same species. Informa-
tion on variety performance can be
obtained from Extension:3ervice publica-
tion AG-49, Forage Crops -Variety Tosting,
or from Forage Memos, available from the
Department of Crop Science. Remember,
however, that poor stands can nullity the
influence of even the best varieties,
Planting Region
The climate and soils of North Carolina
vary considerably across the state. This
variation makes it,necessary to plant at
different times in each area. The state can
be divided into three major regions: moun-
pof the 1 Con lessanro
. o11ho Acts o1 Congress
tains piedmont p
� ,and coastal lain. The
orMayaand Junoao, 1914,
planting dates in. this guide are listed for
EmpfoMant and program
opporlur&3 aro offered to -
the major regions and are based on
atipoopioregardlossof
normal growing ;conditions.
raw, color. nationalodgin,
A review of the average -freezing dates
sox, age, or disability,
North Carolina State Untvorsity,
-
in the spring {Figure 1} and fall (Figure 2)
NarlttCarallnaA&TStato
indicates significant differences in weather
UnlYarally. U.S, uro, a d to of
Agrkulluro, and local
within and between the three. -major
govarnmonts cooporaling.
regions. Therefore,' the planting dates
suggested may be adjusted a few days on
the basis of local experience and weather
records. For example, the optimum
planting dates for the mountains are 15 to
30 days earlier in the fall than those --for
the.piedmont, but a review of:the tempera
ture-records indicates that -the best
planting dates in the southern mountains
may be similar to those in the piedmont.
PIanting Time
Establishing a Successful forage crop
depends partly on weather conditions
shortly before and aftef planting. Years -of
field research and experience under North
Carolina's varied growing conditions have
made it possible for researchers to
recommend planting dates that will most
likely lead to success or minimize risk.
Delaying planting until the last possible
dates indicated in the table may reduce
the chance of a good stand by 30 to 50
percent.
Time of planting is important because
the survival rate of developing seedlings -is
related to the time at which stress occurs
from drought; freezing, or competition for
light and nutrients. If. no such stress
Nor.Carol"na
:.Coo erative'Extension Service
v p:.. .
uy�' NORTH.CnR'OL1NA'STATE,UNI,VERSITY
;;•;?r rtt , COLLEGL'Or ACEttCut.TUEtC & LIFE SCIENCES
r I %

occurs, or if it occurs after seedlings are
well established, survival and produc-
tion losses can be minimized.
Fail Plantings. In general, the Mountains .
perennial cool -season forages �
can best be established by - -�
planting in the fall in a disked
or plowed seedbed that is firm
and smooth. Seedbeds can
best be prepared during favor-
able autumn weather when weeds are not -as
competitive. Furthermore, seedling root systems can
become well established before hot, dry weather the
following season. However, late fall plantings can
result in winter injury from freezing and heaving.
A disadvantage to autumn planting is that there is
often not enough moisture for good germination and
seedling development. Planting in a hot,
dry seedbed is a gamble because a
light rain followed by continued Q
drought can cause germination,
then death of the seedlings. If Mountains O
planting is delayed beyond the
Oct2
possible seeding dates listed , -
here, it is best to wait until the
following spring or fall. Estab-
lishment
t
risk winterkiilunnecessal to
it oU`Zo
y o`'
Here are some points to remem-
ber about fall planting:
X Cool -season grass seedlings are more tolerant
of freezing temperatures and heaving than legumes.
■ In prepared seedbeds, alfalfa and ladino clover
should have five to seven true leaves present before
frequent freezing weather occurs.
o In prepared seedbeds, grasses should have three
to four leaves before freezing weather occurs.
Spring Plantings. Spring plantings in the piedmont
and mountains may be justified (1) if land or sod is
prepared in the fall or winter, and plantings can,be
made early enough for the crop to become established
before summer stress; (2) if seedling diseases,on
legumes have usually been a problem for fall'plant-
Ings; and (3) if summer weeds can be controlled while
the seedlings develop.
Sod Seeding
Fall plantings can be made later in sod than in pre-
pared seedbeds because the existing sod provides
protection for the developing seedlings during the
winter.
Piedmont
"Coastal Plain
Apr 1
0-4 kwo
1.01
'4 ° "I,
40
Apr 1
5andhlfls
('
Z2 c
Mai
Figure 1. Average date of last freezing temperature
(32•F) in spring.
0
Coastal �' o
Piedmont
Oct 10 O~
Plaln O Z
.M4 ,1F11 r f.,�h %�
r .yf"•
' L �tirr
�� � J
�s
ram.. a,l Iwa• •�
4 ;
.w,u•,
Jfy%
Sandhills """" """ ^�•
Q�4
Syo„ �
a ti
�o
1� a
Figure 2. Average date of first freezing temperature
(32•F) in fall.
When planting ladino clover in an established sod
of tall fescue or other cool -season grass, late winter or
early spring (February to March) plantings are often -as
effective as fall plantings. However, fall sod plantings
of alfalfa in fescue have been more successful than
late winter plantings in the piedmont and coastal plain,
except for late winter plantings made in sod killed the
previous fall. When planting low-endophyte fescue -or
orchardgrass in existing sod, it is best to plant in the
fall. (See Forage Memo 16 for details.)
Seeding Rates
Seeding rates vary because of seed size, purity,
germination percentage, and seedling vigor. Under
adverse conditions, only 10 to 50 percent of the seeds
planted will establish successfully. Therefore, many
seeds are needed to obtain a satisfactory stand.
(2)

FORAGE PLANTING GUIDE FOR NORTH CAROLINA
Seeding Bale
(lblaere)
0: broadcast
D. drill 14• to J. Mountains
inch rows) I'lanling (above 2,500.11 elevation),
R. row (30t inches) Depth Soo ioolnoto lot below 2,500 it Pfcdmonl and Tidewater" Coastal Plain —
Crop PLS: pure live seeds (inches) Best Daics Possible Dales Bost Dales Possible Dales Dcst Dales
POsslblo Dales
PERENNIAL GRASSES
BahAgrass
0:15.25. D.10.20
V. - Yi
Not adapted
Nas well adapted
Feb 15-Mar 15
Feb I -Mar 31
Uermudagrass ptybrfd)
Sprigs - bu, a 1.25 IV
0:25.40:
R 5.15 bushels
1 •3
Not adapted
Mar I -Mar 31
Feb 15-May I or
lhru Jul 11 irrigated
Mar I Mar 31
Fcb 15-Apr 15 or
I= Jul if irrigated
Bermudagrass
(Common —seed only)
U:G-8; D:5.7
'/4 • %,
Not adapted
Apr 15-May 15
Apr I -Jun 15
Apr I -May 15
Mar 15-Jun 7
Big Bluestem —
-D.0.10 PlS;
0:10.12 PLS
'h •'l.
May 15-Jun 15
May 1Jun 30
May 10•Jun I
—
May 1•Jun 30
Apr 20-May ]5
Apt IOJun 30
'Bluegrass
0 f 0 15; D;0.12 r—
'/.
Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 255
Not well adapted
�-
Not well adaplcd
Caucasian Biucstem
D.2 PLS; BA PLS
V. • Y,
May 15-Jun 15
May 1•Jun 30
- May 10•Jun I
_
May l-Jun 30
Apr 20-May 15
Apr 10-Jun 30
Dilllsgrass
Eastern Gammagrass
^0:20.30; 0:15 20
D.10.15 PLS;
A • 'h
Y. • I
Not adapted
May 15-Jun 15
May I -Jun 30
Not well adapted
May 10-Jun 1—
May 1•Jun 30
Mar ]-Mar 30
Apr 20-May 15
Feb 15-Apt 15
Apr 10-Jun 30
B: Do not broadcast
Flatcldgrass
D:2.4: Precision
Jun 1-Jun 15
May 15-Jul t
May 15-Jun 7
Apr 15-Jul 1
May 7-Jun 1
Apr 15-Jun 15
plant: 1.2;
'A - V. Mar 1-Apr 7
Fob 15-Apt 15
Fob 20-Mar 20
Feb I -Mar 30
Feb 15-Mu 15
Feb 1-Mar 30
Sprig: 3.4111 in la'
2-3 May 15-Jun 15
May I•Jul 15
Apr 25-Jun 1
Apr 15-Jul 15
Apr 25-May 20
Apr 15-Jul 10
rows: ralers: 2.01
root cove
lndlangrass
0:8.10 PLS;
/, •'/, May 15-Jun 15
May I•Jun 30
May 10-Jun I
May 1-Jun 30
Apr 20-May 15
Apr 10-Jun 30
Qrehardgrass
0:12.15; D:0.12T
% • 'h Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15•Aug 20
Aug 25 5ep 15
Aug 2S.Oc125
N01 well adapted
Mar *Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
Feb i5•Mar 31
Reed Canarygrass
B:5 10; D:4.O
A - A Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 25-Oct 25
Nol well adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar ]-May 15
Mar 1-Mar 31
Rescuegrass
r
D:20 25; 0:25.35
h -'l Aug 20-Sep 7
Aug 15-Oct 1
Sep I•Sep 15
w
Aug 25.Oc115
-Sep I -Sep 30
Aug 25.Ocl 15
Mar 15-Mar 30
Mar 1•Aer 30
Mar I -Mar 30
Feb 15-Apr 30
Smooth Bromcgrass
D:10.20; D:8.15
V. - Y, Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Nol well adapted
Not adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I•May 15
Switchgrass
D:8.12 PLS
'h • Y. May 15-Jun 15
May 1-Jun 30
May ]•Jun 1
Apr 1-Jun 30
Apr 1O.May 15
Apr f 0-Jun 30
Tall Festuc
1:15.20, D:10.15
%. • '/, Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 25-Oct 25
Sep I -Sep 30
^Sep I.Oct 31
I
Mar 20•Api 20,—
Mar 1-May 15 _
_...__—._ .-.....
Feb 15-Mu 31
Feb 15-Mai 20
Timothy
__ _
-10 12; p-_-TO
/. 'h Jul 25 Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Not well adapted
Not adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
MIXTURES
Orehardgrass + Alfalfa
B:5 + 20; 0.3 + 15
'/ Jul 25-Aug ]0
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 25-Oct 15
Not well adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
Orchardgrass + Ladino
0:12 + 4; 0:9 + 3
'1A Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25•Sep 15
Aug 25.00 15
Not well adapted
1 Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
Oichardgrass + Red
B:121 10; D:9 + a
Y. Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Au2 25-Oct 15
Not adapted
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
Till Fescue + Ladino
8.10 + 4; D:8 + 3
Y. Jul 25•Atig 10
Jul 15:Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep 1-Sep 30
Sep I.Oct 25
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
(heavy soils only)
Feb 15-Mar 20
Tall Fescue + Red
0:10 + d; D:0 + G�
r �/r Jul 25-Aug. 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep l-Sep 30
Sep LOCI 25
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I•May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
(heavy soils only)
Feb 15-Mar 20
ANNUAL GRASSES
)
Barley
E1:140, D:100
1-2 Aug I•Aug 20
Aug 1.Ocl 10
-I
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 20.0c131
Nol well adapted
MBlc% Pearl (Callao
B:20.25; 0:15.20;
V, - I Y, May I S.May 31
May 1-Jun 30
May 1-May 31
Apr 25-Jun 30
May t-May 15
Apr 20-Jun 30
R:G-10
Met, Fexiall, and
D.10.15; R:5.7
V, • I Y, May 15-May 31
May I•Jun 30
May ]•May 31
May 1Jun 30
May I May 15
Apr 20-Jun 30
Japancso (Nat as
'910ductir0 as Pearl)
Oats
+8:120;
fl_t3o; D:iOo
1.2 Not well adapted
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 20.00 31
Sep 5-Sep 30
Sep )-Nov 15
Rye
-15:30.40;
D:100 _
1. 2 Aug I -Aug 20
Aug I.Oct 10
Aug 25-Sop 15
Aug 20-Oct 31
Sep 5-Sep 30
Sep I. Nov 15
' Ryegrass
D:20.30
'/. •'h Jul25•Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 3.1
Aug 25-Sep 15 rAug
20.0cl31
Sep 1-Sep 30
Sep 1.Ocl 31�
(3}

1
FORAGE PLANTING GUIDE FOR NORTH CAROLINA (conlrnucd)
Seeding Rate
'
(lbfac(c]
D: broadcast
D: drill (4. 10 7
Mountains
'
inch rows) Planting (above 2,500 It elevation)'
R: raw (30+ inches) lleplh Soo footnote for below 2,5DO 11
Piedmont and Tidewater'
Coastal
Plain"
Crop
PI.S: pure We seeds
(inches) Best Dates
Possible Dates Best Dales
Possible Dates
Ocal Dates
Possible Dales
Ry9grass
fleduce ryegrass
See Soo small giain or clover
Soo srnaa grain or clovar
Sea small grain or clover
(4Yth small grain or
- talc by 50%
ryegrass,
clover mixture)
grain, or
Clover
Sorghum (Sudan)
B.35-40; 0:20.30;
'A • 1 I May 15-May 31
May 1-Jun 30
May 1-May 3l
Apr 25-Jun 30
May I. ay 15
Apr 2DJun 30
A-15.20
Sorghum, Forage (Silage) 13:4.6
1 • 1`fi May 15-May 31
May I•Jun 30
May i-May 31
Apr 25-Jun 30
May I -May 15
Apr 20Jun 30
Sudangrass
0:3D•40; D:20.25
1-2 May is -may 31
May I -Jun 30
May I•May 31
Apr 25-Jun 30
May I -May 15
Apr 20-Jun 30
Wheat
0:120; D:100
1.2 Aug I -Aug 20
Aug I.Oct 1D
Aug 25-Sop 15
Aug 20.Oct 31
Sep 5-Sep 30
Sep 1-Nov 15
Smal) Graln Mix
Reduce each
1 - 2 Sad dales for grains
See dates lot grains
See dales lac grains
(2 Grams)
selection by 50%
Small Grain
Reduce each
% • I Scc dales lot grains and ryegrass
Soo dales for grains and rycgrass
See dates for grains and ryegrass
Ryagrass Mix
salcction by 2596
PERENNIAL LEGUMES
Alfalfa
0:20.25; D:15.20
14 Jul 25 Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 25.Oc1 15
Sep 1-Sep 30
Sep I.Oct 31
_ T
Mar 1-Apt 7
Mar 1-Apr 15
Mar 1 -Mar 31
Alfalfa (For sod seeding
D:15.20
I
'l+ - 'h Jul 25-Aug 10'
Aug 25-Sep 15'
Oct 15.Oct 25
Sep I.Oct 31
into grass]
Sep 15.Oci 1'
Jul 25.Oct 15
Oct I0.0cl 20,
Aug 25-00 20
8lydsloot Trefoll
f1:0.10; D:6.0
'A Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 30
Not well adaplcd
Not well adapted
Crownvetch
5:15.20, 0:10.15
I
_
'h • Yi Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 2D
_
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 15.Oct 25
Nol well adaplcd
(For otosion control]
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar 1-Apr 15
Mar 1-Mar 30
Mar 1 -Apr 15
Ladino or Wh110 Clover
6:5; 0:3.5
'A Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep I.Oct 25
Mar 20-Apr 20
Mar I -May 15
Aug 25-Sep 15
Mar 1•Mar 31
Sep 1-Sep 30
Feb 15-Mar 20
Ladino (For sod seeding
0:5; 0.3.5
_I
Y - %, Jul 25-Aug 10,
Aug 25-Sep 15'
Sep I•Sep 30,
Into grass)
Aug I -Sep 1'
Aug I'Sep 15
Oct 7.OU 15'
Aug 25.Oci 25
Oct 7.Oct 15'
Sap I.Oct 31
—f
Mar i•Mar 20
Mar I -Ma 1�5 Feb 20-Mar 10
Feb 15-Mat 20
1 Feb IS-Fcb 26
Fcb 10-Mar 15
Red Clover
13a0.15; 0:0.10
'A - 7, Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 30
Sep 1.Oct 15
Mar 1-May 15
Aug 25-Sop 15
Feb 15-Mar 30
Sep 1-Sep 30
Feb IS -Mar 20
Red Clover (For sod
0:10.15: 0:0.10
'h - y, Jul 25-Aug 10'
Aug 25-Sep 15'
Sep 1-Sep 30,
seeding into grass)
1
Aug I -Sop 1'
Aug I -Sop 15
Oci 7-Oct IS'
Aug 25.00L 25
Oct 7.Oct 15'
Sep LOCI 31
Mar 1•Mar 20
Mar 1•Ma 15
Feb 20-Mar 10
Feb 15-Mar 20
Fob 15-Fab 20
Feb 10-Mar 15
Setleea Lcspcdcxa
D:20.40; 0.15.30
'A -'A Mar 15-Apr 15
Mar 1-Apr 30
Mar 1-Mar 2D
Feb i5•Apr 30
Mar t•Mar 20
Feb 15-Apr 30
' ^ (Ochulled
Sweelclover
0:20.30; D;10.15
% -'h Jul 25-Aug 10
Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep I -Sep 30
Sep I.Oct 31
(Oehulled)
Mar I -Apr 7
Mar 1 -Apr 15
Aug 25-Sep 15
Mar I -Mar 31
ANNUAL LEGUMES
Crimson Clover
0;20.25; DA5.20 _
..___.. ... ----
A • Yi Jul 25•Ay 10
_..�
Jul 15-Aug 20 _
__
Au 25•Sap IS
�.� _....�
Aug 25.Ocl 25
_ _.. .
Se 1-Scp 30 Scp 1.Oc1 DD
._P _--__ _—
Crimson Clover (Mined
0:20; D:15
/, - 'h Same as Crimson clover
Same as Crimson clover
Same as Crimson clover
m'lh Ryeqta) or
Reduce grain by 1 j3
Small Grain)
- - -
- -
Lespedeza, Kobe
0:30.40
'!4 • '/, Mar IS Mar 31
Mar 1 Apr 15
Feb 10-Feb 20
Fob 1-Mai 30
Feb 1•FDb 20
Fob I -Mar 20
Korean
0:20.30
Subterranean Clover 1
0:10.20, D.0.15
/, • 'h 1 May nol be adapted
_
Aug 25-Sep 15
Aug 15-Oct 25
Sep I -Sep 30
Sep I.Oct 31�
Velch (Conunort, Hairy)
0:25.40; D:20.30
'h • 1'' Jul 25-Aug W Jul 15-Aug 30
Aug 25-Sep 30
Aug 25-Oct 25
Sep I -Sep 30
Sep I.Oct 25
0.20.30: D.15.20
OTHER'SPECIES
Rape and Turnips 0.6.0; D:3.4 • 'h I Mar 1•Api 30 Feb 15-May 10 Feb 15-Mai 15 Feb I -Apr 15 I Feb IS -Mar I Feb I -Apr 1
Jul 15-Sep 1 Jul I -Sop 15 Aug 15-Sop 15 Aug I.Oci 1 Sep I.Oct 1 Aug 15-Oct 30
*May exiead the tau dates by 20 days, whore cicvalion is below 2,500 foci, and seed 15 days carlict In spring.
"Fof t l blacLt, heavyleAumd soils in to lidewatef region, use dates for to piedmont,
ribe best t)mo 10 sad seed depends on iho prevalenCO of inHCIS in tale Augusl and early Seplembef and to dteughl p Odielign lot 5eplembel. II insects aio not evident and moisture is
adequate, plant on the early dates.
Allalla can be successfully seeded into a sod in mid• io laic winter (same as ladino) provided lhat tho grass sod is killed the previous fag [in October or November).
(4)

Seed Size
I
Ll
Small seeds are not as vigorous as large ones.
Therefore, emergence rates may vary with planting
depth. The number of seeds per pound varies as
follows: lading clover, 800,000; orchardgrass, 650,000;
fescue, 227,000; alfalfa, 200,000; and pearl millet,
88,000.
IGermination Rate
1
I
J
1
1
The percentage of seeds that will germinate. generally
declines with age, but if seeds are stored in a cool; dry
place, germination should not decline more than 10.
percent the first year. In general, seeds that have low
germination levels also produce seedlings with poor
vigor.
Drill vs. Broadcast
Planting rates for drilling are 20 to 50 percent less than
for broadcasting. Since drilling concentrates the seeds
within a furrow, they occupy a smaller area of the
ground and are better able to break through the soil
crust. Seed placement, soil contact, and uniformity of
Table 1. Planting Depth Affects Grass
and Legume Establishment
Planting Depth (inches)
Crops '/4 '/2 1 2 .
Established Plants (sq ft)
Alfalfa, ladino 47 22 9 0 '.'.'i
Tall fescue, orchardgrass 48 39 31 9,''.•:
5oeding rates per acro were 24 tb alfalfa, S Ib lading,-10
rescue, and 61b orchardgrass. °.•'
stands are usually better with drilling than with broad-
casting, especially when planting conditions are not
optimum.
Planting Depth
Generally, small -seeded crops can be planted slightly
deeper in sandy soils than in clay soils.'Grasses can
usually be planted deeper. than legumes in similar
soils. However, it is important to prepare a firm seed -
Table 2. Characteristics of Good Grass and Clover Stands
Plant Species Seedlings (sq fit)
,4-Mixtures'
Ladino/fescue 20 to 35 of each living in November
-'Ladino/orchardgrass 20 to 35 ladino and•35 to 55 orchardgrass living in November
Cool season Grasses,
Fescue 40 to 60living in November
Orchardgeass 70 to 100living in November �Y
Warm Season Grasses
Pearlmillet
.,Sorghum-sudan
Alfalfa
i -.,..Age of Stand
{months)
r ' 3to6
15 to 25 living after 1 month
15 to 25 living after 1 month.
Minimum Humber of Desirable Number of
Plants to Keep Stand Plants for Good Production
Plants (sq ft)
10° 50 or more
12 101, 25 or more
24 10 15 or more
36 5 to 8 10 or more
48 or more 3 to 5
'Assumes an aulumn planting dalo.
'These figures will eventually result in satisfactory stands; however, yields will be low during the first season as weeds encroach.
(5)

End Of Exhibit 13
1
1
1
1
1
I .
bed before planting to conserve moisture 'and avoid
variation in planting depth. Precision planting equip-
ment is usually required to get proper depth control for
small forage seeds. Table 1 shows how planting depth
affects grass and legume stands.
What is a Goad Stand?
Since plant characteristics change depending upon
their density, age, grazing or cutting'hoight, and other
factors, it is difficult to say exactly how many plants it
takes to make a good stand, in general, agood stand
is one that provides 90 to 100 percent ground cover
and will produce high yields when managed properly.
The clover part of mixtures'should make up at least 30
percent of the stand (on a weight basis) in order for it
to'significantly contribute to the mixture. One should
walk fields several times each growing season in order
to make a fair evaluation of stands. Table 2 presents
some general characteristics of good stands for
several forage craps.
When Using This Guide Remember:
The fact that information about a particular crop is
given in this publication does not mean that the
species is recommended for North Carolina. In fact,
several crops have not performed satisfactorily in this
state. Information about these varieties is included to
increase the chance of success if the decision to plant
them has already been made. Additional information
on various forage varieties can be obtained by con-
tacting your county Cooperative Extension Service
agent.
Prepared by
J. T. Green and J. P. Mueller, Crop Science Extension Specialists —Forages
D. S. Chamblee, Professor Emeritus, Crap Science
2,000 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $520.00, or $.26 per copy.
,.•.— LJ,.+.,:1'IPI 1_< 1',44WWL'u TO YOU 13Y THC
WORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
ROBESON COUNTY CENTER
LUN18CRTON, NORTH CAROLINA 20353
(710) 671.327G
Published by
NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
5/93-2M—MOC-230262 (Revised) ' AG-266

... _-a�-���----------s€awa�c-a�,��-ciUz�-,►�-���--so-ems___._..------------
--�w� c�rx�
�t ----._.-..�._._-.-------
------_
._....
...
Agronomist Comments*
C
12,
r ACrop
or Year
1st Crap: Fes/OGlTim,E
2nd Cro MiWearl
Lime
1.4T
0
N PAJ $
50-70 0 0
140-180 0 0
WJ
Mg Cu
0 0
0 0
Zn
0
0
e
Mn
0
0
Sew
12
3
Ivote
mp a Ab. LaSt Crop
RS1 MileLPead
Test Results
Sol/ Class HM% WN CEC
MIN 0-92 0.89 15.1
BS%
89.0
Ac pH P-1 K-1
1.6 5.8 494 213
Cad
64.0
Mg%
19.0
Mn-1 Mn-Al (7)Wn-Al (2)
395 246, 246
Zn-1
1079
Zn-Ar
1079
Cu-1
1412
S-1
53
SS-1
NO-N Nf1r-N
Na
0.4
Sample No. Last Crvp
RS2 Wet,Peari
UO
Yr A
Crop or Year
-lst Uop:FesJO Mm.E
2nd Cr Mile(,Pearl
Lim
2AT
0
N W5
50;70 0 0
140-180 0 0
w
-
mg curt
0 0
0 0
0
0
B
!trlrr
0
0
See Nate
12
3
Test Results
Soil Class HM% WN CEC
MIN 1.02 0.93 11.5
65%
90.0
Ac pH P-1 K-1
Z3 5.3 486 251
Ca%
51.0
Mg%
18.0
Mn-1 Mn-Al (1)Mn-Al (2)
179 117 117
Zn-1
797
Zn-Al
797
Cu-1
6137
S-1
46
SS-1
NO-N AN*-N
Na
0-2-
Sampte No. Last Crop
RS3 Milet,Pearl
Ma
Yr ACrop
or Year
1st Crop.FeslOG/nm,E
2nd Cro Milet,Pearl
Lima
2.1T
0
N ROs to
50-70 0 0
140-180 0 0
Mg
0 0
0 0
zff
0
0
8
W
0
0
See
12
3
Note.
Test Results
Sail Class HM% WN CEC
MIN 0.6 0.98 9.5
BS%
76.0
Ac . pH P-1 K-1
2.3 5.1 367 278
Ca%
49.0
Mg%
12.0
Mn-1 Mn-AI (z)Mri Al (2)
184 120 120
Zn-1
1200
Za-Al
120D
Cu-1
522
S-1
57
SS-1
1VO-1v Aft-N
Na
02

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1
1
1
Field Calibration Procedures
for Animal Wastewater Application Equipment
HARD HOSE
AND CABLE
.TOW .TRAVELER
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
IGeneral Guidelines
Land application equipment used on animal production farms must be field
calibrated or evaluated in accordance with existing design charts and tables
according .to state rules that went into effect September 1, 1996. Technical
Specialist certifying waste management plans after September 1, 1996, must
also certify that operators have been provided calibration and adjustment
guidance for all land application equipment. The rules apply to irrigation sys-
tems as well as all other types of liquid, slurry, or solid application equipment.
Information presented in manufacturers' charts are based on average op-
erating conditions for relatively new equipment. Discharge rates and applica-
tion rates change over time as equipment ages and components wear. As a
result, equipment should be field calibrated regularly to ensure that applica-
tion rates and uniformity are consistent with values used during the system
design and given in manufacturers' specifications. Field calibration involves
collection and measurement of the material being applied at several locations
in the application area. This publication contains step-by-step guidelines for
field calibration of hard hose and cable tow traveler irrigation systems.
Operating an irrigation system differently than
' assumed in the design will alter the application rate,
uniformity of coverage, and subsequently the applica-
tlon uniformity. Operating with excessive pressure
results in smaller droplets, greater potential for drift,
and accelerates wear of the sprinkler nozzle. Pump
wear tends to reduce operating pressure and flow.
With continued use, nozzle wear results in an increase
In the nozzle opening, which will increase the
discharge rate while decreasing the wetted diameter.
tClogging of nozzles or crystallization of main lines
' can result in increased pump pressure but reduced
flow at the gun. Mugged intakes will reduce operating
pressure. An operating pressure below desigq pressure
greatly reduces the coverage diameter and application
uniformity. Field calibration helps ensure that nutri.
'ents from animal waste are applied uniformly and at
proper rates.
The calibration of a hard hose or cable tow system
'involves setting out collection containers, operating
the system, measuring the amount of wastewater
collected in each container, and then computing the
average application volume and application unifor-
mity.
An in -line flow meter installed in the main
irrigation line provides a good estimate of the total
volume pumped from the lagoon during each irriga-
tion cycle. The average application depth can be
,determined by dividing the pumped volume by the
j application area. The average application depth is
computed from the formula:
'Average application depth (inches) _
Volume pumped (gallons)
27,154 (gal/ac-in) XApplication area (acres)
The average application depth is the average
amount applied. throughout the field. Unfortunately,
sprinklers do not apply the same depth of water
s throughout their wetted diameter. Under normal
operating conditions, application depth decreases
towards the outer perimeter of the wetted diameter.
Big gun sprinkler systems typically have overlap
based on a design sprinkler spacing of 70 to 80
percent of the wetted sprinkler diameter to compen-

Field Calibration Procedures
for Animal Wastewater Application Equipment
1
1
1
1
1
sate for the declining application along the outer
perimeter. When operated at the design pressure, this
overlap results in acceptable application uniformity.
When operated improperly; well -designed systems
will not provide acceptable application uniformity.
For example, if the pressure is too low, the applica-
tion depth will be several times higher near the
center of sprinkler and water will not be thrown as
`far from the sprinkler as indicated in manufacturers'
charts. Even through the average application depth
may be acceptable, some areas receive excessively
high application while others receive no application
at all.
When applying wastewater high in nutrients, it is
Important to determine the -application uniformity.
Collection containers distributed throughout the
application area must be used to evaluate application
uniformity.
Many types of containers can be used to collect
flow and determine the application uniformity.
Standard rain gauges work best and are recom-
mended because they already have a graduated scale
from which to read the application depth.
Pans, plastic buckets, jars, or anything with a
uniform opening and cross section cari be used
provided the container is deep enough (at least 4
Inches deep) to prevent splash and excessive evapora-
tion, and the liquid collected can be easily trans-
ferred to a scaied container for measuring. All con-
tainers should be the same size and shape to simplify
application depth computations.
All collection containers should be set up at.the
same height relative to the height of the sprinkler
nozzle (discharge elevation). Normally, the top of
each container should be no more than 36 inches .
above the ground. Collectors should be located so
that there is no interference from the crop. The crop
canopy should be trimmed to preclude Interference
-or splash Into the collection container.
Calibration should be performed during periods
.of low evaporation. hest times are before 10 a.m. or
after 4 p.m. on days with light wind (less than 5
miles per hour). On cool, cloudy days the calibration
can be performed anytime when wind velocity is less
than 5 mph.
The volume (depth) collected during calibration
should be read soon after the sprinkler gun cart has
moved one wetted radius past the collection gauges
to minimize evaporation from the rain gauge. Where
a procedure must be performed more than once,
containers should be read and values recorded
immediately after each setup.
Calibration Setup for Hard Hose and
Cable Tow Traveling Guns.
Hard hose and cable tow traveling guns are calibrated
by placing a row (transect) of collection containers or
gauges perpendicular to the direction of travel, Figure
1. The outer gauge on each end of the row should
extend past the furthest distance the gun will throw
wastewater to ensure that the calibration is performed
on the "full" wetted diameter of the gun sprinkler.
Multiple rows increase the accuracy of the calibration.
Containers should be spaced no further apart than
1/16 of the wetted diameter of the gun sprinkler not
to exceed 25 feet. At least 16 gauges should be used in
the calibration. Sixteen gauges will be adequate
except for large guns where the wetted diameter
exceeds 400 feet.
(Maximum recommended spacing between
gauges, 25 feet X 16 = 400 feet.) Gauges should be set
at least one full wetted diameter of throw from either
end of the travel lane, as sliown in figure 1.
The system should be operated such that the
minimum travel distance of the gun cart exceeds the
wetted diameter of throw. Application volumes
should be read as soon as the last gauges stop being
wetted.
0

1
Row of
collection >
gauges
Direction of travel
HARD H05E AND CABLE TOW TRAVELER
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Reel cart ----�
Left + Right
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0
Gun
cart
Wetted diameter
(320 feet)
At least one wetted
diameter end of field
-Figure 1. General layout and orientation
of collection gauges for calibration of a hard hose and cable tow traveler irrigation systems.
1
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
1. Determine'the wetted diameter of the gun.
2. Determine the number of collection gauges "and spacing between gauges. For a wetted diameter of 32.0
feet, the rain gauge spacing should not exceed,20;feet.:,(320.ft,J 16
3. Label gauges outward from the gun cart as either left or right (0,' L2, ­L3, etc; RI, R2, R3, etc.)
' 4. Set out gauges along a row as. labeled and. shown ip.Figure;,1,�equally spaced at the distance determined in
item 2 (20 feet). The row shouid'be-at Ieast;one,vyetted 4iameter,;from eithe.r:end;oFthe puli.:Thefirst
gauge on each side of the travel. lane shauid be 1 j2 the gauge.,spacing from the, center of the lane.'For a-.,-,-, '
gauge spacing of 20 feet, Ll and 111'should be 10 feet from the.centerof,the lame.
5. Operate the system for the time required for;the'gun 'to completely'pass all collection containers. Record
the "starting" time that wastewate.rbegins:to 66.appl•ied along.the.row of.gauges'and the."ending" time' .
when wastewater no longer is being'applied anyvyhere along the row..Also record the distance traveled•in.,:
feet for the time of operation.
.� 6. Immediately record the amounts collected..in"each'gauge. (Referto'.Table'l .for:an.example.).•
7. Identify those gauges that fall outside the effec6e"lane spacing, Figure 2, This volume is the overlap
volume that would be collected .when..operating•the'system�on:the'adjacent,lane.
& Superimpose (left to right and'vice yersa),the:gaugi s just outside,the effective:width with'the gauges'Iust.;
inside the effective width. Add the•volumes together",'!
For the layout shown in Figure 2'add,the.vo:Igme:(depth)collected Jn,gauge R8 (outside the',effective
lane spacing) to volume. (depth) ,colleoted In'gauge ,L5 (ins!cl the:effective lane'spacing).. Similarly, R71s
added to L6; LS is added to R5, and L7'isadded to R6'Thls is now the application yolume;(depth) witf,m.
' the effective iane'spacing adjusted for.overla'p

'Field Calibration procedures
for Animal Wastewater Application Equipment
J
1
Lane 1 Lane 2
Reel cart ---D
Right
1 2 3 A 5 G 7 8
O O O O o 0 0 0
Direction of travel ..
Left
8 716 5 A 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
� Gun
/
/ \ cart
Figure 2. Accounting for overlap
when calibrating a hard hose traveler system.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES (continued)
9. Add the amounts collected in all gauges and divide by the number of gauges within the effective area. This
is the average application depth (inches) within the effective lane spacing.
Sum of amounts collected in all gauges
Average application depth =
Number of gauges within effective width
10. Calculate the deviation depth for each gauge. The deviation depth is the difference between each
individual gauge value and the average value of all gauges (#7). Record the absolute value of each
deviation depth. Absolute value means the sign of the number (negative sign) is dropped and all values are
treated as positive. The symbol for absolute value is a straight thin line. For example, 121 means treat the
number 2 as an absolute value. It'does not mean the number 121. Because this symbol can lead to
misunderstandings, it is not used with numbers in the worksheets at the end of this publication. The
symbol is used in formulas in the text.
Deviation depth :1Depth collected in gauge i — average application depth]
"i" refers to the gauge number
11. Add amounts in #10 to get "sum of the deviations" from the average depth and divide by the number of
gauges to get the average deviation.
t Average deviation depth = Sum of deviations (add amounts computed in #10)
Number of gauges within effective lane spacing
IlThe precipitation rate (inches/hour) is computed by dividing the average application depth (inch) (414) by
the application time (hours) (#S)
Precipitation rake =
Average application depth (inch)
' .
Application time (hours)

HARD HOSE AND CAGLI TOW TRAVELER
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES (continuer)
13.Compute-the average travel speed
Distance traveled (feet)
Average travel speed =
Time (minutes)
14. Determine the application uniformity. The application uniformity is often computed using the
mathematical formula referred to as the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient
It is computed as follows:
U _ Average depth (449) --Average deviation (#11) X 100
Average depth (419)
15.lnterpret the calibration results. The higher the index value, the more uniform the application. An index of
100 would mean that the uniformity. is perfect -- the exact same amount was collected in every gauge.
For travelers with proper overlap and operated in light wind, an application uniformity greater than 85 is
common.
Application uniformity between 70 to 85 is in the "good" range and is acceptable for wastewater
application.
Generally, an application uniformity. below 70 is considered unacceptable for wastewater irrigation using
travelers. If the computed Uc is less than 70, system adjustments are required. Contact -your irrigation
dealer or Certified Technical Specialist for assistance.
Table 1. Example calibration data for a traveling gun system operated in parallel lanes. Lane
spacing 70 percent of sprinkler wetted diameter.
1 a. Manufacturers' Specifications: Gun Model_J�Q Type Tal2er Bore
Nozzle Dia.0.9 inch Pressure (Gun) 79_pg Reel 10,E Qsipli
Wetted diameter} 0 Effective Spacing 2Z4 ft Flow 197 GPM
Hose Size: Length A= Diameter -Lin
b. Spacing between collection containers (spacing 3M(ft) / 16) =22ft
c. Number of gauges =.16
d. Start of Irrigation event],
e. End of Irrigation event 9:00 a.m.
f. Duration (e-d) 105 minutes
g. Travel distance_ 320 feet
h. Operate the system and collect data.
07

Field Calibration Procedures
for Animal Wastewater Application E(iuil)ment
1
Table 1. Calibration Data (continued)
Gauge Distance Volume Overlap
Corrected
Deviation
No. from Center Collected Adjustment
Volume
from Average"
(feet) (inches) .(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
L1 10 .94
.94
.235 (1 - D
L2 30 .80
.80
.095 (2 - j)
L3 50 .59
.59
.115 { etc)
L4 70 .61
L5 90
.61
.095
.50 .13
.63
.075
L6 110 .42 .20
.62
.085
L7 130 .3 3 '
L8 150 .07
'
R1 10 .73
.73
.025
R2 30 .81
.81
.105
R3 50 .92
.92
.215
R4 70, .64
.64
.065
R5 90 SO .07
.57
.135
R6 110 .27 .33
.60
.105
R7 130 .20
'
R8 150 .13
'Absolute value; treat all values as positive.
i. Sum of all volumes collected in A 8.461nches
J. Average catch (Unumber of gauges within effective width (12) 0-7G5
inches
Distance traveled (ft)
320 ft
k. Compute the average travel speed =
_ = 3,94-fVn-in
Time (min)
105 min
average depth (inches) 0.705 in
I. Precipitation rate = = OAO inrhr
application time (hour) 1.75 hr
m. Sum of deviations from the average catch_
n. Average deviation from average catch (mJ12) 0.113
'
o. Uniformity coefficient
0.705 - 0.113
Uc= X100=84
r.
0.705
p. Interpret results, Uniformity coefficient of 34 is in the good range for a traveler system. No adjustment
is necessary.

HARD HOSE AND CABLE TOW TRAVELER
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
irrigation System Calibration Data Sheet for Hard Hose Traveler Irrigation System
DATE: Land Owner Farm No.
a. Manufacturers' Specifications:. Gun Model Type
Nozzle Dia. _ _ _ _ _ in Pressure (Gun) (Reel)
Wetted diameter It Effective Spacing ft Flow GPM
Hose Size: Length ft Diameter in
b. Spacing between collection containers (diameter ft) / 1 6) = ft
C. wetted diameter (ft)
Number of gauges = _
gauge spacing (ft)
d. Start of Irrigation event
e. End of Irrigation event
f. Duratfon (e-d) min
OkK4P1 d I.ld
g. Travel distance feet
h. Operate the system, collect data,
and record on the worksheet on page 8.
i. Sum of all catches inches
j. Average catch (i/number of gauges) inches .
Distance traveled (ft)
k. Average travel speed =
Time (min)
I. Sum of all deviations from the average catch
m. Average deviation from average catch
n. Uniformity coefficient
U, = X 100 =
(j}
IdL
V V U tl V V u 0 V J V O O V O U
Isipa j t�.+ I
V V U O V O V
A
Interpret the calibration data and make necessary adjustments.
For travelers with proper overlap and operated in light wind, an application uniformity Coefficient greater than
85 is common.
Application uniformity between 70 to 85 is in the "good" range and is acceptable for wastewater application.
Generally, an application uniformity below 70 is considered unacceptable for wastewater irrigation using
travelers. If the computed U. is less than 70, system adjustments are required. Contact your irrigation dealer or
Certified Technical Specialist for assistance.
Q

Field Calibration Procedures
1 for Animal Wastewater Application Equipment
w j Calibration Data (continued)
Gauge Distance
No. from Center
(feet)
Volume Overlap Corrected Deviation
Collected Adjustment Volume from Avcragc"
(inches) (inches) (inches) (inches)
Ll
L2
L3
L4
L7
r
L8 -- —
L9
L10
R1
R2
I
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
'Absolute value;
treat all values as positive.
Reelcan --�
Lerl lt+ghl
•d 6 7 6 3 4 1 2 1 1 2 J 4 5 6 l 8
<ullcaiu" ) u 0 u u u u u a u u 0 u u u u u-^--^- ^- -•-- -
g+uget
Gun
Carl
D4ccL$on of luvcl
Welted 44mcter At last one wcucd
(320Ice[) diamcler end of ficW
la

End Exhibit 15
1
1
1
1
1
Prepared by
R. 0. Evans, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Extension Specialist
J. C Barker, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Extension Specialist
f, T. Smith, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Assistant Extension Specialist
R.E. Sheffield, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Extension Specialist
5,000 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of S 7,962, or $.39 per copy.
Published by
NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTEN51ON SERVICE
Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1919. Employment and program opportunities are offered to all r
people regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. North Carolina State University, North Carolina ART State University, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and local governments cooperating,
4/97-5M—JMG/KEL-270201 AG-553-2
E973U399

1
J
7
EXHIBIT 16
1
1
. I
1
11
1

Relative Nitrogen Fertilization Rate
of Forage Species by Month (Piedmont & Coastal Plain)'
Croy
JenuBry
Februaryterch
Apra!
`
May
June
July
August " September October
November
December
Reladrn
% H
Tell Fescue
N'
H` I
H'
H'
L,
L
M
M
M
L
N
soo
Orchardgrass
N
H
H
H
M
L
L
M
M
M
H
L
soo
Kentur-kyl bluegrass
N
H
H
H
M
L
L
M
M
M
N
N
65 l
Re scuegrass
N
H
H
H
M
M
L
L
L
M
W.
L
85 iI
HybFid a3eisriudagrass
N
N
L
M
-:H
.H -.,
�- H
A
M
L
N
N
4
10D
Switchgrass
N
L
M
H
H
H
H
M
L
L
ti
li
>=laaidgrass
Gsi'nagrass
N
N
M
H
H
H
H
M
L
L
Cauoaslan Sluestem
N
N
L
M
H
H
H
H
M
L'
N
N.
_•~,\70 ' !
Bahlagress
-----_ __---------
Pears Mile t
N
-------
N
N
----------
N
L
---------
N
M
----____.
N
H
__�__---
H
H
---------
H
H
------___
H
M
__-_____-
M
L
_____----
M
L
____..----
L
N
--- ----
N
N
-- ----
- H�
70
`"85---
Sorgl-iurrdsudan Hybrid
N
N
N
N
H
H
H
M
M
L
N
N
:i00 i
Grebgress
N
N
N
N
M
H
H
1i_
M
L
Italian slyegrass
L
M
H
H
M
N
N
N
L
L
L
L
too ' !
Smel Grain
(whiter rye)
L
M
H
H
L
N
N
N
L
M.
M
L
too
' N = Do not apply nitrogen', L = low rate ; M = medium rate-, H = high rate.
Approximate rates for betmudagrass are L <15 lbs/ac, M < 25 lbs/ac and H 50+ lbs/ac.
= Not adapted except in piedmont and mountains.
3 Not adapted in most of piedmont or mountains.
While some forage growth may still continue, fertilization at this time may weaken the plants ability to overwinter.
s Between May 15 and August 7 (piedmont) September 1 (coastal plain) no more than a total of 50 lbs PA-N/ac should be applied.
V
9

MIS,
t: �rr`�''•?�; �-•�St s?:, ��x� �iti•�•r,k.`��'..�..�...................-........-. .. .. .. ... .. ... -•i:: I::. t�t.t: �tt��i �~�flt.��JIJLI�• t r y
4.,;:r:,�+':5::.��.?;... r. .n:.y r.:.�.wLi� , �'Y�l � !!-f 1 � i�•
�rif::�r;:SJf� CQtl�t7"f Chi'1tPJiT!{i�; et:iialn�c
Studying nutrient removal by
plants is one of the methods
used to develop fertility
' reconunendations. Tests are
designed to examine patterns
of iutrient uptake in response
to dt, fferent levels offertilizer
application, it farnsaiion oil
Putricnt removal alone is not
adequate for snaking fertility
reconlinctututiola Because it
does not take into account the
ability of the soils to retailt
and supply nutrients: it can,
however, show. variations in
nutrient teceds among different
craps in addition, it case
indicate the rates at which
reserves of soil nutrients will
be depleted
i.ti+l+l(�t:ft�lth, J+JtlJlfll �;lr�'�fl•ll�i/� ?j,;st;�
Nutrient Removal. by - .-
Crops in .Noyl. Carolina
Plant growth and development
depends on many factors, including
adequate nutrition. The exact
amount of fertilizer necessary varies
with tic potential yield, growth, an
the concentration of nutrients that
arc available from soil rescrvcz and
decaying organic matter. These
intaracting factors make it difficult
to develop reliable rccommcnda-
tions for fertility. Sound rceonimcn-
dations require well -planned, long-
tcrnl experiments that can show
responses for a wide range of cnvi-
ronmcntaJ, soil, and growth condi-
tions.
Nutrients in plants slut arc left
in the field will partially resupply
nutrient reserves in the. soil as Ulry
decompose. Estimates of nutrient
depletion, therefore, should take
into account only the nutrients
e removwith. the. harvcsted portion
of the plant. The table on page 2
shows the mean concentration of
various nutrients that are removed
by each, crop for the yeild level indi-
cated. Values arc not reported for
boron, molybdenum, iron, or chlo-
rinc because they were on iucd from
the refcrcnccs used. This does not
mean they arc not removed nor that
they arc unimportant. A brief dis-
cussion of each nutrient precedes
the table.
Nitragcu
Nitrogen (N) is a part of all plant
and animal proteins and a compo-
nctit of DNA and RNA. Crop uptake
of nitrogen is relatively inefficient
and often results in average nitrogen
losses of 50 percent because of
d !caching, volatilization, or denitrifi-
cation. Consequently, crop removal
values reflect a minimum amount of
nitrogen required because they do
not account for nitrogen losses.
Lrcgumcs produce most of their
own nitrogen through a symbiotic,
or beneficial, relationship with
bacteria (Rhizobiuin spccics) that
infect their roots. These bacteria
have (lie ability to convert atmos-
pheric nitrogen into forms that can
be used by plants. Tficreforc, leg-
un'tes with active. nitrogen -fixing
'bacteria do not need additional
sources of nitrogen. If [crtifizcr
nitrogen is added to a legume., bac-
terial production of nitrogen dc-
crcases. Current research suggests
that lcgurrecs may be less efficient
than nonicgunic crops in recovering
nitrogen applied as fertilizers.
Nitrogen can accumulate under
somo conditions in North Carolina
.soils. However, the rate of accumu-
lation and (lie length ofavailability
is exucmcly unprcdictablc'and as
such is not included in standard soil
analysis. Sources of soil nitrogen
include commercial fertilizers,
animal manures, legume residues,
and other fornis of decaying organic
matter. For more infonnation on
nitrogen refer to Extension pub]ica-
tion AG-4392 MtrpgctJ and Wafer
Quality..

Soffacts
NO
. Table 1. Estlmated Nutrient Removal Rates of Crops
11 + p Ylold
N . PO, 1C 0 Ca Meg S Goa
Mn
7.n
Ibs
Barley. (grain) 40 bu 35 15 10 1
2 3
0.03
0.03 0.06
(straw) 1 ton
15 5 30 8
2 4
0.01
0.32
0,05
1..
Com (grain) 150 bu
135 53 • 40 2
8 10
0.06
0.09
0.15
(Stover) 4.5 tons
100
37 . 145 26
20 . 14
0.05
1.50
0.30
.,Oats (grain) ao bu
50
20 15 2.
3 5
0.03
0.12
0.05
(straw) 2 tons
25
15 80 6
8 9
0.03
--
0.29 '
Rya- (grain) •30 bu
35
10 10 2
3 7
0.02 .
0.22
0.03
(straw) 1.5 tons
15
8 25 8
2 3
0.01
0.14
0.07.
: . • Sorghum, (grain) 60 bu
50
25 15 4
5 5
0.01
0.04
0.04
• (stovor) 3Ions
65
20 95 29
18 -
-
-
---
.•� Wheat (grain) 40 bu. •
50
25. 15 1
- 6 . 3
0.03.
0.09
0.14
'
(straw) 1.5 tons
20
5 35 6
3 5
0.01
0.16
0.05
�y '
AI(alla 4 tons
180
40 180 ' 112
21 19
0.06
0.44
0.42
Bluegrass 2 tons
60
20 60 16
7 5
0.02
0.30
0.08
Coastal Sounuda .8 tons
400
92 $45 48
32 32
0.02
0.64
0.48
Ccwpea 2 tons
120
25- 80 55
15 13
-
0.65
--
Fescuo 3.5 tons
135.
65 .185. ---
13 20
-
--
6 tons
300
100-- 375 --
25 35
--
--
-
;'�prchardgrass
.' Red Clover 2.5 tons .
100
25. 100 69
17 7
0.04
0.54
0.36
..Ryeg m 5 tons
215
85 240 -
40 --
-
-
Sorghum -Sudan 8 tons
319 ..
122 467 -
47 -
-
-
-
a�bean 2 tons
90
20 50 40
18 10
0.04
0.46.
0.15
rTICROth 25 tons
y
60
25 ' 95'• 18
6 5
0.03
0.31
0.20
'Fruits and Vegetables
Applos 500 bu
1
30
10 • 45 8
5 10
0.03
0.03
0.03
Bean, Dry 30 bu
75
25 25. 2
2 5
0.02
0.03
0.06
,Bell Poppers 1 so Cwt
137
52 217 -
43 -
-- --
--
Cabbage 20 tons
130
35 130' .. 20
B 44
° 0,04
0.10
0.08
'Onions 7.5 tons
45.
'20 40 11
2 18
0.03
O.OB
0.31
Peaches 600 bu
35
to 65 4
8 2
-
-
0.01
Peas 25 cwt
164
35. ' 105 -
18 10
-- --
--
Potatoes (white) 30.000Ibs
90
48 .158 5
7 7,
0.06 0.14 0.08
(vines) -
61
20 54 ---
12 7
- -
-
-Potaum (swooi) 300 bu
40
18 96 4
4 6
0.02 0.06 0.03
(vines) -
30
4 24 ---
5. -
- ---
--
Snap Beams 4 tons
138
33 10 -
17 . -
---
-
'Spinach 5 tons
50 '
. 15 30 12
5 4
0.02 0.10
0.10
Street Corn 90 CM
140
47 136 -
20 11
.. ,
Twatoes 2010ris
120
40, 160• 7
11 14
0.07 0.13
0.16
10 tons
45
20 ­90- • • 12
6 �-
-- •-
yyyyy.....Ttltnlps

.Nutrien'Removal by
Crops in North_ Carolina
1
'
Table 1(continued)
Crop Yield N
P105 K20 Ca Mg
S Cu Mn Zn
lbs
Other Crops
Cotton (sood Mint) 2,600lbs 63
25 31. 4 7
5 0.18 0.33 0.96'
Cotton (stalks, leaves,
& burs) 3,000 lbs 57
16 72 56 16
15 0.05 0.06 0.75
Peanuts (nuts) 4,000 lbs 140
22 35 6 5
10 0.04 0.3 0.25
•
(vines) 5,000lbs 100
Soyboans
17 150 88 20
11 0.12 0.15 —
(boans) 50 bu 188 •
41. 74 19 10
23 0.05 0,06 0.05
(loavos,stems,
& pods) 6.100 lbs 89
16 74 30 9
12 — — —
Tobacco, flue -cured
(leaves) ' 3.000lbs 85
15 155 75 15
12 0.03 0.55 0.07
(stalks) 3,600lbs 41
11 102 -- 9
7 — — —
Tobacco, burley
(leaves) 4,000 lbs 145
14 150 — 18
24 -- — --
(—j srmboi mmans tho infarrwlion was not availabio in lha raforonco usod.
li©lorm= sour= Includo: 7ho FortiGzer Instituto,
Potash and Phosphato Instiluto, Alabama CES circular ANR--449, Tsdalo and
Nolsmns So#F"Wiy andForrrluors, Morlvadt, Giordano and undsays M cronurdonts In Agrladturo, and WC's r=1h'aont f+erVAar
_ .
L4W --- F'or� for Pmfir.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus (P) is involved in die
energy dynamics of plants. Without
it, plants could not convert solar en-
ergy into the chemical energy
needed for the synthesis of sugars,
sutrches, and proteins. Phosphorus
'moves very slowly in mineral soils
and thus tends to build up over time
when the amount of phosphorus
added in fertilizer and organic
r mattcr.exceeds the a4iount removed
'in the harvested portions of crops.
Because phosphorus is relatively
'ir rnoblic in soil, it is important that
plant roots have a close and adc-
quatc supply. Factors that inhibit
root growth therefore can affect
uptake of phosphorus.
' Much of the phosphorus added
to soil is "fixed" by chemical rcac-
tions with iron, aluminum, and
calcium and becomes unavailable
for uptake by crops. The quantity of
phosphorus available to plants is
much smaller than the total quantity
of phosphorus in the soil. This
amount can be dctcrnuncd only
through soil tests. Tic quantity of
availablc phosphorus in soils is the
fraction that is affected by plant
removal.
Potassium
Potassium (K) is involved in,photo-
synthesis, sugar transport, water and
nutrient movement, protein synthe-
sis, and starch formation: Potassium
helps to improve disease resistance,
tolerance to water stress, winter
hardiness, tolerance to plant pests,
and uptake efficiency of outer nutri-
ents.
Potassium removal by crops un-
der good growing conditions is usu-
ally high, and is often three to four
times that of phosphorus and equal
to that of nitrogen. In many cases
where levels of soluble potassium in
the soil are high, plants tend to take
up more potassium than they
need. This is called luxury con-
sumption because the excess potas-
sium does not increase yields.
Potassium is also mobile in
soils, depending on soil texture.
Movement is greatest in Course -
textured sands, followed by fine
sands and then clay soils. Accumu-
lation of potassium also depends
upon soil texture. The greatest
accumulation generally occurs in
clay soils, followed by loam and
coarso-tcxtured sands.
Calcium acid Magnesium
Calcium (Ca) is a constituent of the
cell wall and keeps the coil mcm-
brancs stable. Visual evidence of
calcium deficiencies generally
occurs in growing points of the plant
at the fruit, stem, loaf, and root tips.
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential
part of the chlorophyll molecule
where photosynthesis occurs. Mag-
nesium is also involved in energy
metabolism in the plant and is
required for protein formation.

Soifflacts
j�����:,��� ,rM• �.�... yYn.:v�;r.. .—.......ram....-....—....... ... .. ..
/�{i�JI-VM� s!�/f•a��i1S 1:-fi: �YY� -�r.� . �..�..-..-.�.....��........`....���..-......-
Depletion of calcium and tnag-
rtesium reserves in the soil by crop
removal is rarely a problem in limed
Bolls because of the large quantity of
these nutrients that arc present in
liming materials. However, sonic
crops, such as peanuts, may require
Mora calcium than the crops can
I=OVC.
'Sulfur
Sulfur (S) is a component of sonic
amino acids that arc important in
building proteins. Sulfur is required
by plants in about the same quantity
as phosphorus.
Sulfur, just. as nitrogcn, is mo-
bile in soils and can be lost by
leaching. Leaching is greatest in
coarse -textured soils under high
raiafalI conditions and least in limed
clay soils tha( arc low in aluminum
and iron. In North Carolina, most of
the sulfur in surface soils is associ-
ated with organic matter. About 10
pounds of sulfur per acre are. dcpos-
itcd annually by rainfall in North
Carolina. Values for crop removal
may be useful guides for sulfur fcr- .
tilizatlon on coarse -textured, sandy
soils with clay subsoils at depths
grater than 15 inches.
Muronutlrients
Micronutrients arc called "micro"
only because city arc needed in
-vcrj+mall quantities by plants.
'Without them, however, no plant
Could surviyo and function normal-
ly. The micronutrients are involved
In different plant processes and can
react differently in the soil.
Copper. Copper (Cu) is involved in
plant enzyme systems, protein
synthesis, sccd-formation; chloro-'
phyll formation and nitrogen me-
tnbolistn. Copper moves very little
in soils and thus can accumulate
when application rites exceed
utilization. Copper is also held
tightly by organic matter.
Zinc. Zinc (Zn) is involved in starch
formation, protein synthesis, root
development, growth hormones, and
enzynlc.systems. As.with copper,
zinc is relatively immobile in soils
and tends to accumulate..
Manganese. Manganese (Mn) is
involved in chlorophyll formation,
nitrate assimilations ctizynic sys-
tems, and iron metabolism. Manga-
nese deficiency is generally caused
by a high soil pfl but can also be
induced'by an imbalance with other
elements such as calcium, magne-
sium, and ferrous iron. Manganese
availability in lime soils is de-
creased with increasing levels of
organic matter.
Moron. Boron (B) is involved in
sugar and starch balance and
translocadon, pollination and seed
production, poll division, nitrogen
and phosphorus metabolism, and
protein formation. Boron, just as
nitrogen and sulfur, is highly mobile
and is not readily retained by sandy
surface soils. Because of this mobil-
ity, boron must be added annually
for crops sensitive to boron deficien-
cics. Removal of boron by crops is a
reasonable estimate of need, but
practicality and leaching dictate
using several times this much.
Boron fertilizer is required for
cotton, peanuts, reseeding clovers,
and alfalfa, and vegetable crops
often require boron fertilization on
sandy soils.
Molybdenum. Molybdenum (Mo) is .
involved in protein synthesis, leg -
Prepared by
J. P. Zublona, Egensfon Soff Sclonce SpcdalW
1't&hw by
umc nitrogen fixation, cnzyme sys-
tcuis, and nitrogen mctabotisns. De-
ficiencics of nlolybdcnurn generally
occur on acidic soils that contain
'high levels of iron and aluminum
oxides. Estimatcs of molybdenum
rcnlovrrl by crops may serve as a
general fertilization guide. How-
ever, availability of soil reserves of
molybdenum to the plant are largely
regulated by soil pH.
Iron. iron (Fc) is important in
chlorophyll and protein formation,
ctuymc systems, respiration, photo-
synthcsis, and energy transfer. Iron
delieicncy, which is not very com-
mon in North Carolina, is believed
to be caused by an imbalance of
metallic ions, such as copper and
manganese, excessive amounts of
phosphorus in soils, and a combina-
[ion of high pH, high lime, cool
temperatures and high levels of
carbonate in the root zone.
Chlorine. Chlorine (Cl) is involved
in plzotosyn4hcsis, water-usc efG-
ciency, crop maturity, disease '
control and sugar translocadon.
While chloride ]caches quite readily
in coarse -textured soils, deficiencies
are not very coriunon.
Summary
Estimates of crop nutrient removal
rates are useful in comparing the
nutrient demands of different crops.
1liesc values, however, do not take
into account die quality and availa-
bility of nutrient reserves already in
the soil. Because of this Imitation,
soil testing should still be sic cor-
nerstonc of all fertility programs.
Itcmoval ratcs can be used in con-
junction with soil testing to estimate
the depletion of nutrient reserves.
THE NORTH CMOUNA ODOP TIME EXWION SERVICE
Nelda C rWM Stale Udvorsity at FWo1UN Noah Carot'uta Agritufttual arid; l'octxllcal Slala Univtuu* w Grconshoro, end lha U.S. Dopartimnl of A jdcultwo, co-
opoaut>g. StatatlrriwrsitySLIUM RaloigN N.C., R.C. WOAD, l;kWgr.,tXSWb;AW Inlurlltoranoo of U oAm of Catgrgss of May 8 and Juno 30,1 J14. Tho NoM
Cardlns Coopara w tara0rJAM weeks is is an equal apponr,ry'ty�lalWn>efJyc.Won emrployor. Its programs, activities, "deployment prat ices uo avallauo to
cilpooA mgartAoss of race, coder, 101191an, sou, ago, nAUow orf h lta de* orpoGlieal affiGaom .
5/91—�M—TMD-•2IOYlJ AG-499.16
01

1
DWilbuted In funhoranco
of tho Acts of Congress
of May a and Juno 30,1914.
Employment and program
opporturtillos aro olforod to
all poople regardless of
race, ectar, rtallonal origin,
sox, ape, or disability. Noah
Caraiba Stato Univorsity,
North Carolina A&T Sialo
UnHorslty, U.S, ocpartmcnt
of Agri mitme, and tocaf
gavornmonts, coopo(aGng.
Facts
S'OiZ .acidity and 'roper Lime Use
Situation in North Carolina
Nearly all soils'in North Carolina that pro-
duce grain and oil crops, tobacco, cotton,
vegetables, fruits, some forest species, turf,
many ornamentals, and forages need lime for
optimum plant growth unless lime has been
added recently. Soil test summaries compiled
by the Agronomic Division, North Carolina
Department of Agriculture, verify this need.
Nearly 21,000 soybean and 13,000 cotton
soil tests (July 1, 1989, through June 30,
1990) show that about 6 out of 10 fields will
benefit from liming. Also, NCDA agrono-
mists emphasiZc that a high percentage of the
"problem samples" they rcccive have very
low p1.1 and thcrcforc need lima.
lrroper liming, in combiltatiolt with oilier
sound agronomic and pest control practices,
will incrcasc,crop income in North Carolina.
Using conservative estimates of yield hi-
crcasc from proper lime use, .the return from
celled, soybeans, and peanuts (crops that are
quite sellsitive to low pFl) could be increased
by about $25 million. in addition, returns
from tobacco, corn, commercial vegetables,
forages (especially legumes), and turf could
probably be increased another $10 million.
Although response to lime is frequently
rather subtle in contrast to a nitrogen applica-
tion to Corti, ignoring its regular use limits
crop yields.
Nature and Cause
of Soil Acidity
Soil acidity is the term used to express the
quantity of hydrogen (H) and aluminum (Al)
in soils. On the other hand, soil pH is an
indirect indicator of "soil acidity." Soil pH,
which is the negative logarithm of the soil
hydrogen concentration, is expressed on a
scale from 1 to 14. 13ecause the p1.1 scale is
logarithmic, soil with a pH of 6 is 10 times
more acidic and soil with a pH of 5 is 100
times more acidic than soil with a pH of 7.
Remember that the lower the pH number, the
more acid the soil and therefore the greater
the aced for line. This relationship is shown
in Figure I.
North Carolina soils are
highly weathered (leached)
bccausc of excessive rainfall
and therefore are naturally
acidic. This process has dc-
plctcd the nutrient elements
calcium (Ca) and magnesium
(Mg) from naturally occurring
minerals as well as those of
previously applied agricultural
lialcstoaa. Plants also remove
calcium and magnesium.
Decay of crop residue or the
0.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 13•0 addition of animal waste or
Soil pH other organic matter increases
soil acidity. Widespread use of
Figure 1. General relationship between soil pH fertilizer nitrogen also in -
and acidity, creases soil acidity.
r
• ,rw
a North Carolina
Cooperative Extension Service
:"NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLCGL OF AGRICULTURE & LIFE SCIENCES

SOR acts
Soil Testing -
and Target pHs Equation 1:
Becautc aluminum and hydrogen
arc•tlic principal components of soil
acltlity in rnincral soils (hydrol;cu is
the principal compoucnt in organic
soils) the North Carolina soil test.
rcport contains a nicasurcincnt
called thcAc value. This is tltc cotu-
bination of aluminum and hydrogen
in soils. and is used to predict lime
needs. Umc rcconimcndations must
tape into account differences in
acidity between soils and diffcc-
ences among various Crops' tolcr-
ance to acidity. This explains why
soils differ in the recommendcd or
target PH. For most commonly
grown crops, mineral (MIN) soils
have a target pl-1 of 6.0. For ntineral-
organic (M-0) soils the target is a
pH of 5.5, and for organic (ORG)
soils it is 5.0. The reason for the
difference is that soils high in
organic matter generally contain
loss aluminum and arc thus less
toxic to plant roots at a relatively
' low pH.
Furthcrmorc, crops differ in their
ability to tulcratc a luw pt•1. Plants
such as blueberries and azaleas arc
known to be cspccially tolerant,
whcrcas others such as alfalfa,
cotton, and tomatoes brow better at
a, higher pH. Because of tltc differ-
ences in crops and soils, the North
Carolina soil test report rccom-
mcnds varying rates of lime to
achieve the best pl•l for the particu-
lar soil class and crop combination
under consideration.
Lime Reactions in Soil
The most commonly used lime for
North Carolina agriculture is [lie
dolomitic type (CaMgCO3); calcitic
limc'(CaCO) is less frequently
used. A liming material must have
more than a high calcium content; it
must also be capable of neutralizing
acid (H). The chemical reaction of
dolomitic lime with soils is as
1"011ows:
Calcium Maggeslum Carbonato + Water r
;Calcium +,"Magnesium + Bicarbonate + Hydroxide
CaMgCO, + Hz0' Ca** + Mg- + 2HCO2- + 2011-
If dolomitic limestdne-is used, the calcium or magnesium helps displace
: the hydrogeq and alumioum.on-the soil.exchange sites, and the hydroxyl
ions react •to.rtq Arql0joes.e acidic components as shown In equations
2 and 3. "fhe blcarbgncte.anlon.reacts with hydrogen to form a very
weak acid.
Equatlon:2,
Aluminum +•Hydroxide Insoluble Aluminum Hydroxide
All'+30H-•• r Al(OH)a
.Equatlo9,3:,
Hydroggen + hydroxide Water
H, + OH- r H2O
Aluminum hydroxide is insol-
uble; therefore the aluminum is
effectively inactivated. Also, when
hydrogen and hydroxide ions com-
bine, water is formed and the
hydrogen is therefore neutralized.
Bccausc lime dissolves very slowly, .
it must be ground finely before it
can effectively ncutralizc soil.
acidity (Figure 2). Note that 40- to
50-mesh material raised the ptl to
a higher level than 8- to 20-mesh
material did during an 18-month
study.
Benefits of Proper
Lime Use
Tile solubility of really esscniial
plant nutrients is influenced by soil
PH (Figure 3): For most nutrients
the optimum pH rtngo is between 6
and 7. In addition, proper lining
will provide the following bcncfits:
■ A reduction in aluminum (and
manganese, in most piedmont and
Illounlaill soils), which may be toxic
and reslricl root'and associated lop
l
5.0
4.8 mesh
No umo
4.6
0 6 12 1B
Months After Liming
Figure 2. Lime screen size and
soil PH.
growth. Restricted root growth also
reduces droughttolcrancc.
■ More, efficient use of fertilizer -
supplied phosphorus (P). Aluminum,
particularly at a low pl-I, is chcmi-
tally active and combines with fcr-
tilizer phosphorus, causing it to

1
pH4. PH pH pH7 PH pH9
PH PH PH PH PH PH
Figure 3. Effect or soil PH on nutrient availability.
become insoluble. This lying up of
fertilizer phosphorus means that less
is available to the next crop. In
some instances, fcrtilizcr phospho-
rus has inadvertently served as a
liming material, in Clial it has ijnnlo-
'bilized aluminum.
Al Economical provision of men-
tial magnesium if dolomitic lime-
stone is used. FurlhcrtnorC, tltc
magnesium supplied in dolomitic
limestone is released slowly over a
period of three to four years and is .
therefore better prowctcd from
leaching than that supplied by
fertilizer rnagncsium.
Improved nodulation of lc�-
umcs. The rhizobia in nodules on
legume roots -- those of soybeans,
peanuts, alfalfa, and clover --
syntltcsize greater amounts of
aiirogcn from tltc soil atmosphere
for use by the legume whcrc soil pH
is not low. Such inoculation leads to
an economical source of nitrogen
and may supply the succeeding crop
with substantial residual aitrugcn,
In addition, molyWepum (Mo), an
essential element in a legumc's
nitrogen -fixing processes, is illercas-
ingly tied up as soil pH gradually
declines below 5.5 and thus
becomes unusable to tltc rhizobia
bacteria. Thcrcfore, a less-Ihrn-
optimum molybdcnunt means
nitrogen-dnficicni legumes.
N Reduced leaching of potassium.
On tltc soil's exchange complex
there are a limited number of sites
that tan hold nutrients such as po.
tassium. When these sites art: occu-
pied by strongly atlachcd aluminum
(low pH), any potassium added in
fertilizer is more susceptible to
.leaching. Proper liming will not
completely prcvctrt leaching of po-
tassium but will tend to minimize it,
particularly on soils with deep sandy
surfaces.
X Improved performancc of some
horbicidcs. Triazincs — atrazinc
and simazinc --- do not perform
effectively below the optimum pH.
rurthermorc, there is increasing
cvidcncc that optimum pl•l also im-
proves the perforwauec of some
ncmaticiacs,
Detelt-naiiihis the
Link Requirement
It is important to remember that
soils in different parts of thc.Unilcd
Slates havediffcrcni optimum plis.
For ca4111pte, nwst midwcstcra soils
produce best crops at a pH of 6.5 to
7.0, but thcsc values would cause
micronutricnt deficiencies in parts
of North Carolina. Another problem
is that laboratories use testing
mecltods developed for iltcir particu-
lar conditions. Many laboratories
use a weighed soil sample and
assume that the weight -to -volume
ratio rcniailts (lie sank from one soil
Co another, The North Carolina
hcboralory uses a soil volume in its
test because am soils of this state
vary a great deal in wcighl-to-
volume ratio,
According to tlic North Carolina
Deparattcat or Agriculture's Agro-
nomic Division, the amount of lime
required depends on the pH desired
for tic intended crop, the present
soil pH, lltc amount of acidity (Ac),
and an adjustment for residual credit
(RC)* front rccc]tl lime applica-
tions. Each sample is classified as
mineral (MIN), tnincral-organic (M-
0), or organic (ORO) because tltc
desired p1l difft rs for each of these
three groups. With computer assis-
tance, NCDA agronomists offer
Jima suggestions calculated by the
following equation:
'ions of lime per acre
Ac x PH desirod — present pH _ HO
6.6 -- present pH
Example:
11 soil pH = 5.0;
desired pH = 6.0: Ac = 1.2; AC = 0
then lime requirements are:
1.2 x 6.0 w 5.0 _ 0 = 0.76 tonlacre
'Residual credit is reduced by 8 perccnl
per lnooill from unit: of application to title
of soil test for mineral soils and 16 percent
par month for mineral -organic soils.

I
r
1
1
1
J
SOf"acts
Wilco ilia results or the calcula-
tion indicate that no Jima is needed
and the soil p1•t is 0.3 unit or less
below (lie level dcsircd, an applica-
tio» s or 0.3 tun per acre or 15
pounds per thousand square fact is
secomcmcndcd. When lima rates are
calculated for a first and second'
crop, "the highest of Ilia two Jima
rates is suggested for ilia lirsi crop
and no lima is suggested for the sec-
ond crop. Limo rates arc reported in
Icnlhs of a ton; no lime application
is recommended when calculations
indicate lass thaq 0.3 ton.
Calcitic Versus Dolomitic
Limestone
North Carolina has few good natural
,line sources. Ca1cilfc ni:tfl Elltiil+g
materials (soft marina shc11 depos-
its) are available in ilia coastal plain,
but there are no'dotomitic lima
deposits in the cast. Dolomitic lima
must be obtained front the Virginia
or Tcnnmcc mountains and is thus
relatively cxpcnsivc. occasionally,
by-product liming inatcrials bcconic
available, if ilia neutralizing value
is known and ilia li+nc js ground
finely enough to rcact in ilia soil,
those can be economical substitutes.
Limitil; nialcrials call taitiliig cal-
cium carbonate (CaCO) aloha arc
called calcitic: limos, and those with
significant amounts of magnesium
carbonate (MgCO) (ti percent wag-
ncsium or greater) arc called dolo-
milic limes. Furc calcium carbonate
is used as the standard for liming
materials and is assigned a rating of
100 percem This rating is also
known as Ilia "calcium carbonate
equivalent." All other liming ,
materials arc rated ill rclationship to
it. Dolomitic unties are. slightly
more efrIcicitt in ncutrtlizinb soil
acidity and may have values slightly
greater than 100.
'Calcitic lilacs can be used oil
y:o111 soils are naturally high' ill Lime Form
tit agnf5iutii, whereas most sandy
soils in the coastal plain, arc low.,
Tlic soil Icst report will indicate
which linic should be uscd. it Li
twssiblc to use a ett:ty+tcsiunt fcrtil-
izcr instead of dolomitic lime, but
ilia costs of Ibis source of riiasac-
sium arcalmost always considerably
higltcr:
Liming Product Stundar ds
for North CaJ; oliwi
Sizc standards and other criteria
have bccn established for the sale of
agricultural matcrials 10 azure a
quality product. Thcy arc as follows.
R Agricultural liming materials
must be crushed so that 90 percent
passcs through a U.S. standard 20-
i iesh sacca (wilh a'tolcrancc of ±
percent).*
IN For dolomilic-liincstonc, 35
percont mtisvpass through a U.S.
standard 100-mesh scream; for
calcitic Iim"tonc, 25 perccm must
pass through a U.S, standard 100-
nicsh scrcctr(Willi a lolcrancc of 15
l�erccttl).' .
lftl A product must contain a mini-
muin of G perccm niagnesiunt to bc•
classircd a5 a dolomitic limrslotic.
x Than is no utinintunt Calcium,
carbonate cquivalcm requirement
for limestone sold in Norllt Caro-
lina. However, ilia prodtict must be
labcicd to show the amount neccs-
sary to, equal that provfdt:d by a
liming material staving a 90 percent
calcium carbotlatc crluivalcnt. Linic
rccomatcndations in North Carolina
;ire based on 90 perccntt c alcivaa
c:arboniatc equivalency. For ex-
ample, a product having a c Icium
carboncttc cquivalcal of 'so percent
would be labcicd "2,250 pounds of
this ntatcrial equals 1 ton of.Stan-
laid agricultural liming malarial."
any soil Jligh in magnesium. On ilia X Pc)lctcd linic must slake down
o0cr hwid; 010111ilic flaws should cabal it conics in cowttact Willi niois-
be used on soils low ill illa8ncsiuni. Jura.
Many organic soils and soliic pied- •Al 1' 11 1 f.
5D app Ins to lie etc tali:.
Most agricultural lima is sold as a
damp powder because dry linic is
vary dusty and difficult to handle,
However, liiric is ucc asionally
cxccssivedy wet. Linic is sole! by file
pound; thus be aware that you may
be purchasing a subsiantiaf amount
of water and should adjust Jima rates
accordingly.
.Lino is sometimes sold in pallet
form. Mic pallets arc formed from
lima (hat lies been finely ground; it
is not large grains of solid Jima-
stonc. Tlic pcHated product is less
dusty and easicr to spread but is
more expensive. Felicted lima is
slower to act (hart powdered lime.
Soil reaction will be enhanced if the
soil can be rctillcd thoroughly
several days aficr cite pcl)cts have
$ bccn luixed into the soil and nave
become soft. Fctic(cd little is not an
ccoitotnical source for most field,crops. Lima is also sometimes sold
as a suspension, often called "liquid
Jima." It consists of fine lime par-
licics mixed wiai water and a sus;
pending clay. All the lima pariicics
must be 100 mash or Gncr. Up to
ixo pounds or IJmc can be sus-
pcndcd in a ton of product. Mir,
twain advantages are case of Hand-
ling and precise application. This
material, although a fluid, does not
react any faster than dry lithe of the
same particle sizc.'Oncc it has been
placed on the soil it is (lie same as
dry lime. Alf of the lime in a sus-
pension is fast acting, and a ton of
product (1,000 pounds of line lime
particics plus clay and water) will.
raise the pH as fast as a ton of dry
Jima. I-lowcvcr, file effectiveness of
suspensions is short lived compared
to regular agricultural limestone,
and therefore [t)c liming will proba-
bly have to be rcpcaicd every year.
Also, suspensions arc a considerably
more expcnsivc way to correct soil
acidity,

1
1
1
1
1
Appiicatioli and
Incorporation
Lime moves little in the soil and
neutralizes acidity only in fhc fonc
where it is applied. To be cffcctive
therefore, it must be uniformly
spread and thoroughly incorporated
The poorest and most common
method of application is by spinner
spreader. Double spinners are better
than single spinners; however, all
normally apply more lime immedi-
atcly behind ilia sprcadcr than to the
sides. In practice, rules arc adjusted
by cheeping the sprcadcr pattern,
overlapping the pattern, and double
spreading, making tile, second pass
at right angles to the first. If done
properly, this is all acccplablc way
to apply lime. In many cases,
however, these precautions arc not
followed and lime is applied un-
ovcnly. Tic soil can suflcr from
both undcrliming and overliming.
Reduced yields may result.
Special shuations.may occur in
the coastal plain that lead to over -
liming. First, if excessive lime falls
along a relatively narrow path at Ilia.
center line of file sprcadcr truck, the
soil pig may increase somewhat
above the desired level. Sceond, the
dcliJercd rate may be too high for
sandy ridges that occur in certain
fields. Third, fltcre simply may.
have been too much Iime applied
uniformly across the field. These
three circumstances may elevate the
PH to tic extent that within a year
or two an "induced" maubaaese
deficiency ltas been created, and the
crop may exhibit a manganese dcfi-
cicncy.
Lime can be more evenly ap-
plied using full -width or boom
spreaders. Full -width spreaders
a)Jow lime to fall to the ground by
gravity. The rate is determined by
the size of the openings in Ilia box
and by ground speed. Boom spread-
ers use drab chains, augers, or
pnc.um llic pressurc to MOYG film
nut talc booms and drop it on late
ground. If adjusted properly, both
types of spreaders are vastly super-
ior -co the spinner type. The main
limitations to their use -are the high
initial cost and more coIrtplcx
operation. Most growers will likely
continue, to spread lime using
spinner spreaders, but if you choose
.that method you should be aware of
the limitations and take every
precaution to sec Iliac the lime is
evenly spread:
The most commonly used lime
incorporalion tool is the disk. Its
main limitalion is that it incorpo-
rates lime only about lialf as deep as
the disk blades penetrate. Even with
repeated passes it will not incorpo-
rate lime well. Offset disks that
throw the soil do better. The best
incorporation implement is a heavy-
duty rotary tiller that mixcs ilia soil.
as deep as tile. roots need to go. If
the land is to be bottom plowed, do
not bury [lie Iime too deep. If
plowing, ilia best approach is to
apply half, the lima, Ilion disk and
bottom plow, and then apply the
other half and disk again; however,
this process is costly and is not
generally used. Certain other cillasc
practices, such as bedding or middle
busting, will help with lime. incorpo-
ration ill ttrc long run. Chisel
plowing is very ineffective in lime
incorporation. Although lime is
applied on the surface to estab-
Jishcd pastures and lawns, it should
be incorporated at establishment to
reduce soil acidify.
A proper soil pH can increase
your crop income. However, vary-
ing, rates of Jime arc recommended
depending on Ilia best pl-I for the
particular soil class and crop combi-
nation. To lost your soil's pH, send
a soil sample to Agronomic Divi-
sion, Norllt Carolina Dcpartmcnt of
Agriculture,13luc Ridge Road
Center, Raleigh, NC 27611.
Soil Acidity acid Proper Little Use

' fl End Exhibit 16
1
1
. t
i
j
1-.
THIS BULLLMN IS PROVIOCD TO YOU 13Y THC
NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
ROBESON COUNTY CENTER
LUMBERTON, NORTH CAROLINA 2050
' [phone]
Prcparcd.by ,
Paul Lilly, &-eeasio" Soil Science Specialist
and
lack Ilairdl, Professor Emaritiu, Soil Scicncc
7,000 copies of tkispublic document ivere printed at a cosy of $1,055, or per COPY.
Publishod by
NORTH CAROUNA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
4/93-7M—TWK-230226 (Revlscd) AG-439-17

M M M M M M M M M M
Exhibit 17
Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
Source Cause I BMPs to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Farmstead • Swine production Vegetative or wooded buffers
T( Recommended best management practices
Good judgment and common sense
Animal body • Dirty manure -covered O Dry floors
surfaces animals %�'' I�0� ma.
Floor surfaces • Wet manure -covered floors l] Slotted floors
Ci Waterers located over slotted floors X/
O Feeders at high end of solid floors
O Scrape manure buildup from floors
CI Underfloor ventilation for drying
Manure collection
• Urine
O
Frequent manure temoval by flush, pit recharge,
pits
. Partial microbial
or scrape
decomposition
O
Underfloor ventilation r
Ventilation exhaust
. Volatile gases
O
Fan maintenance IyA
fans
. Dust
0
Efficient air movement
Indoor surfaces
. Dust
l7
Washdown between groups of animals
O
Feed additives
O
Feeder covers
i7
Feed delivery downspout extenders to feeder
covers
Flush tanks
Agitation of recycled lagoon
O
Flush tank covers
liquid while tanks are filling
CI
Extend fill lines to near bottom of tanks with
anti -siphon vents

Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
Source
Cause
BMPs to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Storage tank or
• Partial microbial
0
Bottom or midlevel loading
basin surface
decomposition
0
Tank covers ��
• Mixing while filling
0
Basin surface mats of solids
• Agitation when emptying
C7
Proven biological additives or oxidants
Settling basin
• Partial microbial
O
Extend drainpipe outlets underneath liquid level
surface
decomposition
0
Remove settled solids regularly M
• Mixing while filling
• Agitation when emptying
Manure, slurry, or • Agitation when spreading
sludge spreader . Volatile gas emissions
outlets
0 Soil injection of slurry/sludges
O Wash residual manure from spreader after use /YA
0 Proven biological, additives or oxidants
Uncovered manure,
• VoIatile gas emissions while
0
Soil injection of slurry/sludges
slurry, or sludge on
drying
0
Soil incorporation within 48 hours
hloov
field surfaces
C]
Spread in thin uniform layers for rapid drying
O
Proven biological additives or oxidants
Dead animals
Carcass decomposition
O
Proper disposition of carcasses
lye
Dead animal
disposal
Carcass decomposition
[Q
Complete covering of carcasses in burial pits
pits
C3
Proper location/construction of disposal pits
Incinerators
Incomplete combustion
0
Secondary stack burners
Standing water
• Improper drainage
21' Grade and landscape such that water drains away
around facilities
. Microbial decomposition of
from facilities
organic matter

m m m M M .M m M m m m m m m MMMMM
End Exhibit 17
Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
Source
Cause
BMPs to Minimize Odor
Site Specific Practices
Flush alleys
• Agitation during wastewater
D Underfloor flush with underfloor ventilation
' A A 4;.m ar.&
conveyance
Pit recharge points
• Agitation of recycled lagoon
D Extend recharge lines to near bottom of pits with
liquid while pits are filling
anti -siphon vents
Lift stations
• Agitation during sump tank
D Sump tank covers
filling and drawdown
Outside drain
• Agitation during wastewater
D Box covers
��
collection or
conveyance
junction boxes
End of drainpipes
at lagoon
• Agitation during wastewater
conveyance
Gr Extend discharge point of pipes underneath
lagoon liquid level
Lagoon surfaces
• Volatile gas emissions
Proper lagoon liquid capacity
O Biological mixing
Correct lagoon startup procedures
Agitation
L( Minimum surface area -to -volume ratio
1( Minimum agitation when pumping
D Mechanical aeration -- IVO
D Proven biological additives
Irrigation sprinkler
• High pressure agitation
Irrigate on dry days with little or no wind
nozzles
. Wind drift
fH"'�Minimum recommended operating pressure
M intake
Pump near lagoon liquid surface
R-11Pump from second -stage lagoon

Exhibit 18
Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations
Source Cause BMPs to Control Insects Site Specific Practices
Liquid Systems
Flush gutters Accumulation of solids O Flush system is designed and operated
sufficiently to remove accumulated solids from �/ - /JQz1.:zTa
gutters as designed
Cl Remove bridging of accumulated solids at
discharge
Lagoons and pits • Crusted solids Maintain lagoons, settling basins and pits where
pest breeding is apparent to minimize the crusting
of solids to a depth of no more than 6 to 8 inches
over more than,30 percent of surface
Excessive vegetative • Decaying vegetation Maintain vegetative -control along banks of
growth lagoons and other impoundments to prevent
accumulation of decaying vegetative matter along
water's edge on impoundment's perimeter.
Dry Systems
Feeders Feed spillage O Design, operate, and maintain feed systems
(e.g., bunkers and troughs) to minimize the
accumulation of decaying wastage
0 Clean up spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7- to 10-
day interval during summer; 15- to 30-day interval
during winter)
10

M M=1= M M M M M = M M= M M M w= M
End Exhibit 18
Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations
Source Cause
BMPs to Control Insects
Site Specific Practices
Feed storage • Accumulations of feed C3
Reduce moisture accumulation within and around
residues
immediate perimeter of feed storage areas by
ensuring drainage is away from site and/or
providing adequate containment (e.g., covered bin
for brewer's grain and similar high moisture grain
products)
O
Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated
solids in filter strips around feed storage as needed
Animal holding o Accumulations of animal C3
Eliminate low areas that trap moisture along fences
areas wastes and feed wastage
and other locations where waste accumulates and
disturbance by animals is minimal
O
Maintain fence rows and filter strips around animal
holding areas to minimize accumulations of wastes
(i.e., inspect for and remove or break up
accumulated solids as needed)
Dry manure • Accumulations of animal 0
Remove spillage on a routine basis (e.g.,
handling systems wastes
7- to 10-day interval during summer; 15- to 30-day
interval during winter) where manure is loaded for
IAIA
land application or disposal
O
Provide for adequate drainage around manure
stockpiles
Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated
wastes in filter strips around stockpiles and manure
handling areas as needed
For more information contact:
Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613.

i
Exhibit:: '19
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
PHONE NUMBERS
DWQ
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SWCD
NRCS
This plan will be implemented in the event_that wastes.from your operation are leaning,
overflowing, or running off site. You should not wait until wastes reach surface waters or
leave your property to consider that -you have a problem. You should make every effort to
ensure that this does not happen. This plan should be posted in an accessible location for
all employees at the facility. The following are some action items you should take.
1. Stop the release of wastes. Depending on the situation, this may or may not be.
possible. Suggcsted responses to some possible problems are Iisted below.
A. Lagoon overflow -possible solutions are:
a. Add soil to berm to increase elevation of dam.
b. Pump wastes to fields at. an acceptable rate.
c. Stop all flows to the lagoon immediately.
d. Call a.pumping contractor.
e. Make sure no surface water is entering lagoon.
B: Runoff from waste application field -actions include:
a. Immediately stop waste application.
b. Create a temporary diversion to contain waste.
c. Incorporate waste to.redpce runoff.
d. Evaluate and eliminate the reason(s) that.caused the;unoff.
e. Evaluate the application rates for the fields where runoff occurred.
C: Leakage from the waste pipes and sprinklers -action include:
a. Stop recycle pump.
b. Stop irrigation pump.
c. Close valves to eliminate further discharge.
d. Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps.
D: Leakage from flush systems, houses, solid separators -action include:
a. Stop recycle pump.
b. Stop irrigation pump.
c. I MaLx sure no siphon occurs.
d. Stop all flows in the house, f Ush systems, or solid separators.
December 18, 1996

1
1
1
c. Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps.
E: Leakane from base or sidewall of lagoon. Often this is seepage as opposed to
flowing leaks- possible action:
a. Dig a small sump or ditch away from the embankment to catch all seepage,
put in a submersible pump, and, pump back to lagoon.
b. If holes are caused by burrowing animals, trap or remove animals and fill
holes and compact with a clay type soil.
c. Have a professional evaluate the condition of the side walls and lagoon
bottom as soon as possible.
2. Assess the extent of the spill and note any obvious damages.
a. Did the waste reach any surface waters?
b. Approximately how much was ,released and for what duration?
c. Any damage noted, such as employee injury, fish kills, or property damage?
d. Did the spill leave the property?
e. Does the spill have the potential to reach surface waters?
f. Could a future rain event cause the spill to reach surface waters?
g. Are potable water wells in danger (either on or off of the property)? .
h. How much reached surface waters?
3: Contact appropriate agencies.
a: During normal business hours, call your DWQ (Division of Water Quality)
regional office; Phone - - . After hours, emergency number: 919-733-3942.
Your phone call should include: your name; facility, telephone number, the details
of the incident from item 2 above, the exact location of the facility, the location or
direction of movement of the spill, weather and wind conditions. The corrective
measures that have been under taken, and the seriousness of the situation.
b. If spill leaves property or enters surface waters, call local EMS Phone number -
c. Instruct EMS to contact local Health Department.
d. Contact CES, phone number - - , local SWCD office phone number
and local NRCS office for advicettechnicaI assistance phone number - -
4. If none of the above works call 911 or the Sheriffs Department and explain your
problem to them and ask that person to contact the proper agencies for you.
5: Contact the contractor of your choice to begin repair of problem to minimize off -site
damage.
a. Contractors Name:
b. Contractors Address:
c. Contractors Phone:
2
December 18,1996

End 'Exhibit 19
G: Contact the technical specialist who certified the lagoon (NRCS, Consulting
Engineer, etc.)
a. Name:
b. Phone:
7: Implement procedures as advised by DWQ and technical assistance agencies to
rectify the damage, repair the system, and reassess the waste management plan to
keep problems with release of wastes from happening again.
3 December 18, 1996

Exhibit 20
OPERATION MANUAL
REEL RAIN IRRIGATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Irrigation Nozzle Data Used At Riverside And
Little River Farms.
MODELS F15DT & P150T 24' TrajectoryTapor Boro Nozzle
P.6.1.
I"."'
V.
GPM 01A.
N.W.II..JIa
a"
GPM
01A.
a"
GPM DIA.
N.JJNa-!.1I.
10"
GPM DIA.
It"
GPM DIA.
M.nl.
W.
GPM
PIA.
Mµl ..
IV.
GPM 01A.
ao
Ia0
ia0'
13e
37a'
faa
sao'
20a
310'
269
3a0'
300
11{'
Sao
laa'
so
/10
7q'
14{
3/a'
1a2
S0a'
21{
31 a•
373
'7.r
SJO
ia{
a8
{a0'
r0
174
330'
1//
{00'
Ia7
7s0•
2aa
1..'
sao
300•
3aa
aa0'
414
Je{'
ao
la
7/0'
t/a
110•
st0
iJa'
sao
3a4
a1a
37a'
7aa
Ua'
441
411
IS
11J
300•
Ila
a20•
334
Saa'
3la
aa4'
77a
1a0'
aaa
ale'
4 1 A
U{'
too
143
J10'
'lag
3301
ail
aaa•
3a4
316'
aaa
400'
42a
420'
aae
MO'
lt0
1{0
130,
Ida
341'
24►
sag-
W
2a4'
$10
410•
444
420'
u/
41a'
tag
tar
•340'
aaa
3/0'
1 2aa
31/'
310
Sao'
1 391
420'
1 468
440'
Jaa
aaa'
Jr,
21"M.
Z4••M.
1 34••rrr.
sa••M.
I 31'•11w.
I 34••11K.
I 31•'A..
MODELS F15OR & P150R 24' Trajectory Rlnp Nozzle
P.B.I.
Aw"9
GPM DIA
!."allI
0PIA DIA.
i t.
GPM DIA,
.141,
GPM DIA.
.27
GPM 01A.
;'„ R.
GPM DIA.
1. R1.P.
GPM 01A.
w
laJ 2u•
us m'
na u/•
2oa 3/0'
2rs aii•
Jso uv
uo Saa
W
110 7a0•
143 2/0•
1/7 700'
iia JI/'
31/ {7/'
J{0 {a0'
iaa {a1'
TO
120 fra'
ta{ ia1'
tar J10'
s40 3J0'
2a{ aa0'
aaa aaa
415 aaa•
Ira 11
le
7a0'
ae {aa'
la/a0
0o
lag Sae•
Its SW
223 a30'
2r/ lag'
{a■
4747a/'
100
Ida 341,
{as Ali'
23a 340,
2a0 M.
{a$ //0'
42a 4aa•
ll0
la0 Sla'
Its 330•
I4r 3a0•
sag 370'
Sr0 300,
446 . .
/7J .2/•
120
11/ 71 a'
704 SiP
{/ 360
330 Ja0•
Jaa 406'
466 420•
ads 47r
fuel••
ra"M.
28•'fhr.
36••4hr,
ai"M.
31M,
37•'M.
M"M,
AMADAS INDUSTRIES
Irrigation Traveler Travel Speed -Data.
REEL MAIN IRRIGATION RATE
Travel
Speed
FitMm.
Acres lrnpalad per HOW
Hour?
equJre
ldr
% We
Tlavet
Tuvel Lane Spacing. Fl.
165
200
240
270
300
330
360
400
04
009
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.16
O. la
0.20
0.22
S5
OS
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.21
0,23
0.25
0.28
44
1
0.22
0.27
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
055
22
7
0 45
0,54
0.66
075
0.02
0.90
0.99
1.10
11
4
0.90
1.10
1.32
149
1.65
1,51
t.9u
2,20
55
6
138
IT1
9a
223
244
2.72
2.95
3.30
3 7
8
1.61
2.20
2.64
2.97
3.30
363
.3.96
1 4.40
2.7
10
227
2.75
3.30
3.72
4.13
454
4.25
5150
2.2
Acres .
trrlgaled
,n%;MI.
Travel 50
'6.0
73
82
9A
1DO
109
12.1
49

, h
VO, Nov X
K�l
r"N
- 1. 31N. '• ��ll
�; AQ
TW 4T L

_ .•.� : i' � . r ;.r�' q{,; •.::-. .l" - ! ,. •.,�" ;�� fir•.: �� . _ .,
, :ir. 'f: , ! •r' %�{7.�,•' ,1:. .as �'� ��• x�.l•� �uK3� c.,' l., l�: _ .. �f •' ., �:
' fin• • n''i� ''N.:•{.i:.. _ r.�^ t,..i
' �' :/��jf. ter•. � ,1:: i1
Or
Large -Plum rig
,Thick WA�'Hose
,1Hea�'y Uut.y..Reel
{... y .
�• .. '• _ . �.:.{:, ' .. �.� ' • ..� ,.� • 1�3pif Feet Of-,
UP:•To
Nelson�,:Big,.Guns
r -,:`4r ` ' `l' `:,•,:..,'.,' .:Speed :Ca
0erkeE
� f �� �7V.'.�-.,R - 1. , +`�.;..{ r�, �- ,�/ � ��E-r+.. 'r 'r• � , 1 '
:t, _•y. � �t r'. � ' � t r � .,6J �.43,' � � � � 1 -
i � r • Y �Y"'�' ' ^ T'
fill
` '.::N � 1``` '�i �' �'j �'_' n' ,�•��4 Vim' .•ti iy,`•
'��,�_ , r�, vi11-'�j3 -a•1 fvM, fai}ISi�'I. I ' �.._ ._.., ., •���' � � .,.� ..
1. , ,t�, ,, I•.r.•`5' ty�i'?' �Cti•�ati'' l; f��j'` � /'�
7 lily f� ,.•,t.lE;1
kc... w... a �L n x •.,
r
a

The difference is- -
Reel Ra,' Qua
lity Reel Rain Dependability
In recent years, more and
more farmers have turned to -the
labor saving and portable Hard
Hose traveler irrigation systems.
The complete line of Reel- Rain
travelers are leading the pack.
Because they are stronger, more
dependable and packed with
standard features, Reel Rain is
unquestionably the best value in
irrigation equipment available
today. It offers simplicity and de-
pendability for the profit minded
farmer.
Without question, the most
exciting part 'of the Reel Rain
Traveler system is its massive
steel frame. Time and time again,
the first comment heard is, "It
looks like it's built to do the job."
That sure makes the Reef Rain
Engineers proud because
strength was number one on their
list from the very beginning.
Strength that will continue to
serve you for many seasons to
come.
Starting with a rugged depend-
able design, Reel Rain travelers
include as standard, many fea-
tures which are optional with
competition. Reel Rain offers the
farmer as standard features
everything he needs for normal
field operation. And what a list of
features Reel Rain has for you.
Rugged Frame
Mentioned before but worth
going over again. Thick wall tub-
ing measuring 6 x 6 inches and on
the 3000 series 6 x 8 inches are
used for the main frame. Solid
wall. drum construction, heavy
duty aircraft bearings, 8 of them,
are used to move the turntable,
and substantial inner drum sup-
ports all designed to give years of
dependable service.
Thick Wall Hose
Check before you buy. Reel
Rain polyethelene hose is manu-
factured for rough field use. Its
wall thickness is greater than the
competition and will in the long
run more than make up the differ-
ence in price. Reel Rain uses only
the best quality hose available.
Reel Speed Compensator
This is a must for maintaining
accurate crop moisture. The reel
speed compensator automati-
cally changes the speed of the
reel as the hose is retrieved, in
order to insure the same applica-
tion from the beginning to the end
of each run.
Variable Turbine
The Axial Flow Turbine allows
the reel speed to be set for a wide
range of retrieve rates with mini-
mum pressure loss in the turbine.
Pressure loss is minimized be-
cause of a special impeller design
developed for Reel Rain Travel-
ers. There are three different
sizes of this special impeller avail-
able for low, medium and high
flow rates. To insure dependabil-
ity, Reel Rain Travelers use only
the highest quality Berkeley water
turbines.
Turntable
Most Reel Rain Traveler sys-
tems are equipped with turntables
as a standard feature. Forsupport
of the turntable, special aircraft
roller bearings are used to insure
continued performance under the
heaviest loads. There are 8 bear-
ings used to support each turn-
table. Each bearing is rated at
11,000 pounds, a total of 88,000
lbs. of support capability. The
reason you need a turntable is to
reduce labor, you can irrigate an
area twice the length of the hose
without moving the unit.
Larger Plumbing
Reel Rain Travelers use larger
diameter plumbing with longer
radius elbows than competition to
reduce friction loss for more effi-
cient operation. Also, in keeping
with Reel Rain quality standards,
all plumbing is water tested under
pressure at the final quality con-
trol station.
P.T.O. Rewind
Another Reel Rain standard,
which competition offers as a.
costly option. This auxiliary re-
wind is a must for any turbine
driven reel system. If unexpected
rains were to start or your pump
goes down, the P.T.O. rewind
would be the only way to retrieve
the hose.
Other Standard Features in-
clude:
Mechanical Hose Guide
Dependable friction Chain
Drive
Automatic Hose Retrieve Stop
Quick Couple Hose
Disconnects
Select the Gun and Cart that
fits your operation. All Reel Rain
Carts are heavy duly construction
and adjustable to fit your special
row crops.
M-10 — The standard cart with a
clearance of 42".
M-20 — This is a high clearance
cart of 62".
M-30 — This is the deluxe high
clearance cart.
It has 62" of ground
clearance plus a self
draining reservoir which
adds stabilizing weight
to the cart while in op-
eration, but drains when
the water is cut off.
Gasoline, Diesel or Turbine
Drive
Turbine — Berkeley water
turbine.
Gasoline — Honda 5 Hp. Alumi-
num block with cast iron
sleeve, sealed electronic
ignition and manual start
with compression release
Ask About
The Specially
Priced And
Specially
Equipped
10-Series,
1400 Series, And
New Model 2370

Coverage shown is for the
Reel Rain Model 3450 -- A
typical set up would be -150 psi
''at -the unit with 90 psi at the gun.
Using 330 It. lane spacings
would provide 1 inch per acre
'covering 1.18 acres per hour or
10.9 acres per run with a retrieve
time of 8 hours 9 minutes. By
swiveling the unit, 21.8 acres
,. could be. irrigated before moving
the. system. -
'For faster coverage, the
' model 3500 puts out up to 1000
gpm and is capable of providing
1 Inch per acre at a rate of 28.5
' acres in 13.5 hours.
2850 ft.
Set up time for all Reel Rain systems is approximately 20 minutes.
Models - Specifications - Accessories
Typical -Operating Characteristics for Maximum Flow
Model
Number
Hose Length
(Feet)
Hose I. t]..
(Inches)
Typical
Lane Spacing
(Feet)
No. of Acres
Covered In
one pull
, Flow Rate
(GPM)
Time for one
pup, applying
1 of Water
Hrs.
Nelson Gun
and Pressure
3500
970
5.0
360.
9.18
980
4.2
P200/90 PSI
3450
1300
4.5
330
10.83
610.
7.2
P200/90 PSI
3400
1500
4.0
300
11.14
445
11.4
P150/80 PSI
2450/
860
4.5
330
7.5
740
4.0
P200/90 PSI
245OU1450L
1050
4.5
330
8.9
670
5.3
P200/90 PSI
2400U1400L
1250
4.1
300
9.42
470
9.1
P200/90 PSI
2370
1200
3.6
270
8.10
360
10.2
P150/80 PSI
1375
625
3.75
330
5.72
545
4.7
P200/90 PSI
1375 XL
940
3.7
300
7.49
500
6.8
P150/80 PSI
1300
1000
3.1
240
6.03
260
10.6
P 150/80 PSI
1300L
1125
3.1
240
6.72
245
12.4
P150/80 PSI
1030
965
3.1.
240
5.95
260.
. 9.3
P150/80 'PSI
1030 S
850
3.1
240
5.2
285
8.3
P150/80 PSI
i 027 S
850
2.75 .
220
4.73
235
9.1
P 100170 PSI
'For Standard Turbine Driven Systems -Optional Turbines and Engine Drives will result in different Flow Rates.
10 Series 1000 Series 1375 XL Series 1400 Series 2000 Series 3000 Series
Length T-9" IT-0- . 17,-o" . 22'-2" 1 B'-4" 22'-6'
width 8'-0' T-7" `T,10 ;9'-11', V-7" 9'-6"
Height 8'B' 10'-B' .... 10-11" 12'-6" .12'-6- 12'-6"
Hobbs -Adams Engineering Co. offers complete'lrrlgallon systems. All accessories Including plpo, pumps, power units,
fittings, couplers. otc. are available lrom your Reol Rain Dealer at competitive prices.
Hobbs -Adams Engineering's 20 plus years
of leadership In •manufacturing and design
for agriculture stands behind each: Reel Rain
unit. Reel Rain Hard Hose Travelers carry the
Industries only Three Year Limited Warranty.
Reel Rain manufactured by Hobbs -Adams Engineering Company.
1100 Holland -Road
Suffolk, VA 23434 USA
804.639.0231
1701 Slappey Blvd.
Albany, GA 31706
Telex 494 -.6083 912.439-2217
Hobbs -Adams Engineering Co, whose policy is one of continuous improvement, reserves
the sight to change specifications, design or prices without Incurring obligatlon.
RR 001 -098B
PRINTED IN U.S.A.

1
PIPE FOR IRRIGATION
Ronald E. Sneed*
R.'E. Marshburn**
Exhibit 22
' There -are two categories of irrigation pipe: metallic and non-
metallic. Metallic pipe consists ofaluminum alloys and black iron,
galvanized steel and coated steel pipe. The non-metallic materials are
plastic and cement asbestos.
Aluminum irrigation -pipe or tubing is available in the fora of
extruded {alloy 500) and roll formed seam welded (bare alclad alloys
3004 and 5050) tubing. These materials are lightweight, with high
strength and have been used for irrigation piping for more than 30
years. Maximum recommended working pressure is approximately 150 psi
and is one-third to one-half the burst pressure. Minimum standards for
aluminum irrigation tubing, are covered in American Society of Agricultural
Engineers standard ASAE S263.--l.. Bare aluminum. -tubing is damaged by
extremely corrosive waters, therefore, alclad tubing was developed.
However, for most naturally occurring water, bare aluminum tubing has
adequate corrosive resistance.
For portable aluminum and solid -set aluminum irri ation systems,
p 9 Y
standard wall thickness -al .umi.num tubing is used. For side roll wheel
move systems, heavy wall thickness aluminum tubing is used.' This heavy
wall tubing must be capable of withstanding the torque placed on the
tubing as it serves as the axle for the wheels. Standard wail tubing
is available in nominal 20,.30; and 40-foot lengths and in diameters from
2 to 10 inches. Much of the standard wall tubing As available as heavy
end to give additional. protection. against denting. Most of the heavy
wall tubing is available only in 40-foot lengths. A small amount of
polyethylene plastic wrapped and vinyl coated aluminum tubing has been
installed underground, but,the.higher cost and problems with connectors
has limited this practice.
Connectors or couplings for aluminum tubing include both aluminum
and steel fitting's. Female couplers are bolted, welded, pressed onto
or pressed into the tubing. Types'of female couplers include latch,
bell, ringlock, and lug. All couplers utilize a rubber ring or gasket
that expands against the tubing when the system is pressurized. The
bell type coupler also uses a.steel spring that fits adjacent to the
rubber gasket. The male couplers are bolted or,welded onto the tubing.
*Extension Specialist Irrigation), Biological and Agricultural
Engineering, north Carolina',.State university
**Rawls Pump and Supply'Company, Cary, North Carolina

Two types of steel 'pipe: schedule>�raEll.'thi.ckness and thin wall seam .
' welded can be used for irrigation. However, except -for well casings,
very little steel pipe is used for irrigation. The schedule wall thickness
;:-pipe is used for well casings and soMp.-.permanent main and .lateral lines.
When portable pipe sprinkler systems�;were"fir�st,introduced, thin wall
seam welded pipe was used for-portable'systgms, but aluminum tubing has
eliminated this usage.
Plastic pipe include a 1 arge and.varied group of -materials of high
molecular weight. In the finished state:6p pipe is a solid; however,
'at.some point in the manufacturing- process -the material is fluid and can
' be formed into the desired shape'. by.,;Uat V.'Rressure or both. Plastics are
either thermoplastic or the rmose,tti,ng:'.,'.Thermoplastic materials can be
softened by heating. At normal temperatures!;'.thermoplastic pipe has good''
i tensile strength, impact strength'An.d::excellent ductility, and good
i temperature resistance. Thermosetting;�pipe.°consists mainly of epoxies,
polyesters, and phenolics. Some .res:i'ns!;are.:.reinforced with glass or
asbestos fiber to improve the. ,'physical.:properties.
Most plastic piping materials are resistant to deterioration by
p p 9
natural waters, dilute chemical solutions that may be encountered in
the irrigation industry and -most types of wastewater. The major dis-
advantages of plastic pipe are:expansion:and contraction due to
temperature changes and low mechanical strength. There are no quick
rcoupling devices for plastic pipe-so`it is .,not readily adapted for . portable irrigation systems but is very satisfactory for permanent
systems.
Polyethylene (PE).plastic pipe is available in a variety of
.,pressure ratings from 0 to 160"psi working pressure. Sizes range
from 1/2-.inch to 3-inch. Depending 4pon pipe diameter, it is available
in lengths from 100 to 400 feet. Both: pSf (National Sanitation Foundation)
approved pipe for potable water conveyance'(drinking water) and non nSf
pipe are available. Polyethylene pijP should meet the requirements of CS-
256-63 and should be labeled with the; maximum allowable working pressure.
A major disadvantage of PE pipe..is the method of connection. All fittings
are internal to the pipe, and clamps 'are;•..used`'to secure the pipe to the
fitting. These fittings reduce the effective diameter of the pipe.. Only
a limited amount,of PE pipe .is,,sed:;-fgr's.prJpkler irrigation systems. Poly-
ethylene pipe and tubing are the ;primu-y:. pJp ng medium for drip -.and trickle
irrigation systems,'especially for;Tat.pral:'1.ines. Most'of the PE pipe for
drip systems will be low pressure. 'Gepera��j+ it will be nigh carbon, low
density pipe that will be more flexip1'e and"T ss. damaged by sunlight than'
conventional PE.plastic pipe.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic -pipe is available in pressure ratings
from 50 feet of head (21.6 psi) to 1130 psi depending upon size, type and
manufacturer. Diameters range from 1/.2-inch'to 12.inches. Lengths are
either 20 feet or 40 feet. These are basically three types of'PVC plastic
pipe: to -head, class pipe and schedule piper The to -head pipe is thin
wall pipe used mainly for surface i6.19atip_n-systems and drain. lines for
livestock -confinement'facilities.' ' Class-`P, pe is -available in five pressure
ratings: Class 100, Clas 125, Class.'160,.'Class 200 and Class 315.
The numbers denote working pressure rating. There are two
2

schedule pipes:. Schedule 40 and' Schedule 80. Schedule 40 PVC plastic
pipe can be compared to l.ightweight'steel pipe and Schedule 80 can be
compared to regular weight steel:Oi*' Schedule 80 pipe can be threaded.
The wall 'thickness of the Schedule pipe will be fairly constant regard-
less of pipe diameter. This means.that as it increases in diameter the
pressure rating will decrease: 11,16e 11 thickness of the Class pipe
will increase as pipe diameter increases, so that all sizes will have
equivalent pressure ratings.
Polyvinyl chloride pl,astic,,pipe.}s connected either with solvent
weld (glue) fittings or bell a{dga}cet. fittings. All fittings are
external to the pipe. Solvent°;rpipe may be plain end on each end
with a separate fitting (coupling,'tee, ell) being used, or the female
end may be belled .to accept the male end of another piece of pipe. The
Pell and gasket pipe may be plain'en d:on both ends with a separate
coupler being used that -has W6."'rubber.gaskets that seal against the
pipe under pressure or.the fem 1p-pn,, may be belled and have a rubber
gasket that accepts the male end`of;another piece of .pipe. For gasket .
pipe, concrete thrust blocks are required at the end of a line of
pipe and at changes in direction in the line. These thrust blocks
prevent the pipe from pulling'apart. 1Gasket pipe must be buried for
' satisfactory performance. In fact; it is recommended that all PVC
plastic pipe be buried, with the depth. depending upon pipe diameter
and the depth of the frost line: Normal depth is 24 inches -for small
diameter pipe and 36 to 42 inches,for'6 inch or'larger diameter. However,
some growers are having, satisfactory results with solvent.weld PVC pipe
on the -surface provided it is.drained.during freezing weather. The most
common PVC pipe for sprinkler ..i,gation systems will be PR-200 (PVC
.1120, ASTMD-2241-67, SDR 21) and.PR-160 (PVC 1120, ASUPID-2241-67, SDR 26).
Cement asbestos. (CA) pipe.1s'a rigid, heavy pipe which has been used
by the water distribution an& irrl.9ation industries for many years.
However, for irrigation:'.0sage ..it-4s:essentially been replaced by PVC
'plastic pipe. The product is.a`.-coperQte pipe with asbestos fibers added
to provide strength. It is chemicafly::resistant to most waters, however
eater containing strong acids may damage the cement and result in pipe
failure. Connections for CA pipe are bell and rubber gasket. This pipe
requires thrust blocks at the-ends"of.lines and at changes in pipe
direction. Cement asbestos pipe',ii"available. in diameters from 3 to 36
inches and 10 and 13 foot lengtjs;rith'"shorter lengths being available
as required. Pressure ratings. -vary from 25 to 250 psi. The pipe. should
meet the requirements of ASTM C'296-63T and subsequent revisions and
should be labeled accordingly. There will be - only a minimum amount. of
' CA pipe used for irrigation. Most that is used will be 6 inches in
diameter or larger and should have a.pressure rating of At least
150 psi.
Although there are a. variety of piping materials for irrigation,
aluminum tubing and PVC-plastic..are the two materials most used.
Normally aluminum tubing wiII.be- .used .for portable and solid -set systems
and PVC plastic pipe will be used' -for -permanent systems that are installed
below -the ground surface,
-3-

Handling and Installation of PVC'Plastic'Pi e
Temperature has a major effect on.PVC plastic pipe. As temperatures
approach freezing, the flexibility and.:impact resistance of PVC plastic
pipe is greatly reduced. At low temperatures when joining solvent weld
pipe, a longer time is required for the glue to set. Generally solvent
weld pipe should not be joined at temperatures below 400F. At high
'temperatures pipe becomes more flexible and set-up time for the glue is
greatly reduced.
When pipe is stacked, it should dot be placed in piles more than
five feet high. Occasionally out -of -round -pipe will result from stacking.
In warm Weather, once the weight is removed, it -will rapidly assume a
round shape. In cold weather, several hours may be required for the pipe
' to return to the original shape.
Sunlight can have an effect on the pipe, especially in colors other
'than white. It may warp and exhibit a snaking effect. 'When left in the
sunlight for long periods, the color may fade and the pipe will harden
at the surface causing a loss: of,impact- strength.. Discolored pipe should
' be handled carefully during install'a'tzon...: If.,pipe -is to be' stored out-
side for long periods of tune, .it shoul
.&.be.covered'with. a cover of
opaque,material, not plastic,, and air -should- be able to circulate under
the cover.
Gaskets should be stored away from excessive heat and solvents.
Some pipe comes from the manufacturer with the gaskets installed. If the
pipe is not to be installed'immediately,'the gaskets should be removed
and stored.
�. When installing gasket pipe there are several -simple steps to follow
that will ensure leak -free joints. The gasket or ring ,groove should be.
cleaned of foreign materials. -The gasket should be properly installed.
Ample lubricant should be placed on the male pipe end, the pipe aligned and
the male end inserted into the female.end. Some pressure will be required
to force the,male,end to. the correct depth. There will be a reference
point to indicate the required penetration depth. If penetration is not
deep enough the joint may leak; and if -,penetration is too.deep, there is
not adequate room for pipe expansion. Once the joint is made, the pipe
being installed should be rotated'to ensure that the gasket is not pinched.
1 Gasket pipe may be connected in the trench or'on the ground beside the
trench and then lowered into the trench. : If. the latter is done, check
each joint to ensure that penetration.::is correct. If it is necessary to
cut pipe, either a PVC pipe cutter.or.°a:'miter'box with;a carpenter's
' fine-toothed handsaw should :b.e.,usea.'--Tdr,�gasket pipe, .it will be necessary
to bevel the pipe,,usuaily at an 3 angle, accomplished with a special
rasp or file. 'For solvent weld pipe, -burrs, chips and filings should be
removed from the outside and inside of the pipe and it is preferable to
sl4ghtly bevel the outside circumference.
Fittings for gasket pipe may be plastic or steel. The trend -in
the industry today is to use epoxy coated steel fittings. These are
manufactured by several companies (McDowell, Pierce, Davis, etc.) and can
r4-

1
1
1
l
be fabricated in almost any configuration. Some epoxy coated fittings
include stacks and hydrants as an integral part of the.fitting.
.Occasionally it may be necessary to connect PVC plastic pipe to steel
or CA pipe:. This connection can be.male-with a coupling called a•
transition or repair coupling. -In-line valves can be supplied with
connections to gasket pipe.
Thrust blocking -is required for gasket pipe. Most thrust blocks
will be concrete. Manufacturers recommended thrust blocks at any
change in direction greater than-IO...-.-.Figure 1 gives an example of
different arrangements for thri6i't$locki.
J
d
Figure 1, Example of different arrangements ,for thrust blocks.
-5-

Figure 2. Anchorage blocks for in -line valves.
Table 1 is the forces encountered at end plugs. to calculate
forces encountered at bends, tees and wyes, multiply the figure in
Table 1 by the factors given in -Table 2.
Table 1. -Thrust W at End Plugs
Thrust in 15s. for test eressure insi
Pipe Diamete
nches7
1h
2
2�
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Li
r
1 100 PSI 150 PSI 1 200 PSI 1 250 PSI
295
440
590
740
455
680
910
1140
66.0
990
1320
1650
985
1480
1970
2460
1820
2720
3630.
4540
3740
5600
7460
9350
6490
9740
.13,000
16,200
10'65,0
16,000
21,300
26,000
1,5,,150
' 22; 7..00
30 , 200
37 , 8.00
20:;G.00
30800
.41,100
51,400
26;600
39,800
53,100
66,400
-6-

Table 2. Factors for Calculating Thrust W for
Elbows and fees.
Elbows: 900 = 1.41 Tees = 0.70
600 = 1.00
450 = 0.76.
300 = ' 0.52
.22.50 = 0.39
Table 3 gives the safe bearing load for different soil types.
Table 3. Safe Bearing Load
Soil lb/ft2
Mulch, peat and similar 0
Soft Clay 1000
' Sand- 2000
Sand and gravel 3000
Sand and -gravel cemented
with clay' 4000
Hard shale 10,000
Thrust block area(ft2) -- 14 _ Thrust Table I & Table 2)
F _ .57bearing strength a e 3)
In placing concrete thrust blocks, check with the manufacturer of the
pipe being used to ensure•that the correct size thrust blocks are
being used.
There are a number of machines that can be used to prepare the
trench for PVC plastic pipe. Soil types, moisture content, depth of
trench required and type -and diameter of pipe must be considered.
Generally chain trenches, wheel trenches, backhoes, or vibrating plows
will be used for trench preparation. The vibrating plow can only be
used for solvent weld PVC pipe and generally is limited to the smaller
diameter of pipe. Under most conditions the chain trencher or wheel
trencher will be faster than the backhoe. There wide trenches for large
pipe are required, the backhoe.will be'most satisfactory. If soil
conditions permit, long stretches of open trench will expedite pipe
installation. however, if rain is forecast the pipe should be installed
and the trench backfill.ed. To avoid sharp turns in the*line at obstructions,
trenches should be curved within limits of curvature of the pipe.
-7-
.

Most manufacturers have charts show.ing'the radius and offsets per 20-
' foot length of pipe. When laying out'pipe, place it -as close to the
trench or proposed trench as possible. This will eliminate unnecessary
handling. Place'th•e pipe on the side of the trench opposite the soil
deposit and out of the way of trenchers, backhoes, and other heavy.
.traffic.
The trench should be kept as narrow as -possible.. Trenches with
four inches of clearance on each side of.. the. pipe will allow proper
.backfill.to be placed around the.:pJpe..' •,'When.pipe is coupled in the
-trench, a wider trench.will be required.-than'when pipe is coupled on the
surface. -A trench that is too.w,ide,may;result-in excess soil loading
on the pipe.and.possibly pipe. •deformaton-.or..pipe.bending. Trench depth
:will depend on surface loads, 'need fo.r.:freeze protection and earth loads.
_If the pipe will be used.to convey water during freezing weather, the
..piipe should, be at least six inches below the freeze depth. In cultivated
land, pipe .should be buried, to a .depth. of at least 36 inches to facilitate
.cultural operations. In non -cultivated areas,,a depth of 24 inches should
be ,adequate for pipe diameters .of fair :inches or less and for larger
diameters the depth should be;30 to-48`i.nches. Trench bottoms should be
smooth and free of.stones'or clods larger than.one-half inch in diameter.
Loose material should be left for bedding support. • There rocky areas
.are encountered, a four inch layer of „s.elect 'backfil l'.shoul d be placed
in the trench bottom. In backfilling the pipe, the backfill should be
placed in -six inch to -12 inch -layers 'and tamped.. Backfill adjacent to
the pipe should be free of stones of one-half. inch diameter or larger.
Tamping should be done carefully so the..pipe is not damaged. Coupling,'
fittings (tees, ells, etc.) and-val-ves should be left -uncovered so that
a pressure test can be run for visual inspection of -leaks.
Most of the larger PVC p.lastic.pipe-that is installed is
gasket
pipe, most of the smaller pipe will be::solvent weld. The solvent weld
pipe is easy to couple and install provided a few basic rules
are
• followed. These include using.the correct cement and primer,
joining pipe at the correct temperature, having. clean pipe
and'allowing cement to dry before moving pipe or testing pipe.
Details
.
of joining solvent weld pipe are listed below.
Details of Solvent Weld Piping
The solvent welding procedure detailed herein applies to
PVC and
'
•CPVC pressure piping systems including molded fittings, belled
end pipe
and fittings and socket type pump and valve connections.
A. Jailing Materials Needed
cutting tool
rags (nonsynthetic, i.e., cotton)
'
deburri ng tool
cement and primer applicators
applicator can or bucket
pipe primer
pipe solvent cement
r
tool tray
notched boards

S. Types of Cement
1..Light duty industrial grade is for usewith all Schedule
40 and Class (SDR rated) pipe up.to 6 inches in size.
2. Heavy duty industrial grade is for use with all- Schedule
80 pipe up to 6'inches in size and may be used for Class
(SDR rated) pipe up to 6�inches'in size.
3. Extra heavy duty industrial grade is -for use with all
PVC pipe 6 inch and larger.
4. CPVC solvent cement industrial grade is for use with all
sizds of Schedule 40.and.Scheduie 80 CPVC piping.
5.. Pipe primer is for use`with all PVC and CPVC pipe and
fittings.
C. .Pipe Preparation
1. Cuttt1n . Plastic pipe can be.easily cut with a power or
a—nd-hacksaw, circular or. band saw. For best results, use
a fine-toothed blade (16'18'teeth per inch). To'ensure
square -end cuts, a mitre -box, hold-down or jig, should' be
used. Pipe or tubing cutters can be used for smaller
diameter pipe when the cutting wheel is specifically
designed for. plastic pipe.
2. Deburrin -and .%Bevel,42 . All burrs, chips, filings, etc.,
shoull be.remove rom'both the pipe' I.Q. and D.D. before
joining. Use a knife, debarring tool or a half -round,
coarse file to remove all burrs. A slight bevel is
preferable around the circumferences of the pipe end to
minimize the chances'of wiping the solvent cement from
the I.D. of the fitting. as the pipe -is socketed.
D. Fitting Preparation
Prior to solvent weldinn, all fittings and couplings should
be removed from their cartons and exposed for at least
one hour to the same temperature conditions as the pipe in
order to assure that they are thermally balanced before
joining.
E. Cleaning
Using a clean, dry cotton rag, wipe away all loose dirt
and moisture from the I.D. and O.D. of the pipe end and
the I.D. of 'the fitting. DO -NOT ATTEMPT TO SOLVENT
WELD WET SURFACES.
F. Priming
Pipe primer is used to penetrate and soften the bonding
surfaces'of PVC.and CPVC pipe and fittings. It is a high
strength product that penetrates rapidly. It is very
effective on the -hard -finished, high -gloss products now
being produced.

Use a dauber or.paint brush to.apply the,, primer to the pipe. A
rag is not recommended as repeated contact with skin may cause
irritation or blistering.
Apply primer freely in the socket keeping surface wet and
applicator wet and in motion.for 5 to 15 seconds. Redip applicator
as necessary. Avoid puddling in.the'socket.
Apply again to 'the fitting socket. The second application is
especially recommended for belled -end pipe' and fittings fabricated
from'pi pe stock for many of th6p"have especially hard inside
surfaces..
For checking penetration, you should be able to scratch or scrape
a few thousandths of the primed -surfaces away. Repeated applica-
tions to either,or both surfaces may be necessary. breather
conditions do affect priming action'. In.cold weather more time
is required for proper penetration.
'• NOTE: The pipe ends can be rested on notched boards to keep them
clean and for ease of solvent cement application.
G. Solvent Cement A olication
Using the proper applicator, (see Table.4 for specific recommendations)
proceed as follows:
L Apply a full even layer of. cement on the pipe O.D. for a distance
slightly greater than the depth of the socket of the fitting.
2.'Coat the fitting with a medium layer, avoiding puddling. On
belled epd pipe, do not coat beyond the socket depth or allow
cement to run beyond the bell.
3. Put a second full even layer on the pipe O.D.. Cement layers
must be without voids and sufficient to fill any gap in the joints.,
Table 4. Size Applicator Required
vauoer
Pipe Size
Koller
Inecommended
(Inches) Size
Size
Brush-Width*
Inches
Inches
Inches
3/8
1/ 2
1'2 34
� /
NOT
1 /2
3 /4
RECOM-
MENDED
112
I
2�s 13f
'
1
2�
1
l�z
3
4
2
s NOT
3
3
RECOM-
10 ' 12 MENDED7.
g, 4 or 6
-10-

*Natural bristle-brushes.s.hould always be the alternative
to daubers or rollers. It.is recognized that the recom-
mended brush width may not.always:be readily available.
However, the selection should come as close as -possible
to the recommended -.width in order to ensure complete
' coverage with a minimum of brush strokes.
H... Joining
' 1. Immediately upon finishing cement application and before -it
starts to set, insert the pipe-to.the full socket depth while
rotating the pipe or fitting;.a'I/4 turn to ensure complete•.and
' even distribution of the cement. Hold joint together for a
minimum of 10 to 15 seconds -to make'sure that pipe does not
move or back out- bf the°.'socket.
' 2. For pipe sizes 6 inch and larger, a joining cretin consisting of
two men is recommended-and'the following steps are necessary:
a. Rotation of the pipe in the fitting may be obmitted.
b. Hold joint .together. for 1 to 3 minutes depending on pipe
size.
c. As an aid for joining, in these larger sizes, it is recom-
mended that a comeal.ong.or pipe joining -tool similar to -
' that manufactured by Reed -Manufacturing Company be used.
' I. Excess Cement
Immediately after joining and before -joint is gently set back
onto a level surface,'wipe off all excess cement from the
circumference of the pipe and fitting.
J. Handling
' During the initial setting of the cement, which begins about
two minutes after application, (on small sizes) be careful not
to move or disturh the joint.
Table 5. PVC and CPVC Joint Movement Times
Weather*
Weather
Weather
_ Nominal
40 -150 F
50 1-90 F
10 -50 F
Pipe.Sizes
Surface
Surface
Surface
Temperature
Tem erature
Temperature
h"-1Y"
12 min.
20 min.
30 min.
13i"-241"
30 min..
45, min.
1 hr.
3"-4"
45 min.
1 hr.
1 hr. & 30 min.
6"-3"
1 hr. 1
hr. & 30 min. '
2 hrs. & 30 min.
' 10"-1291
2 hrs.
3 hrs.
5 hrs.
*These temperatures above-are.drying.temperatures
and should not be
confused'wi'th
atmospheric, joining
temperature 'recommendations and
limitations.
1..
all-

K. Pressure Testing
Air.or compressed gas is not recommended as a media for pressure
testing of plastic piping systems
' 1. Initial Joint Testin•. Initial joint.testing of PVC and CPVC
pipe could possibly be accomplished to 10% of its hydrostatic
pressure rating after drying times (]isted in Table 6).
' Table 6. PVC and CPVC Joint.Drying Times at 10% Pressure
1
1
l
L.
1
I
Hot
Nominal
Weather*
900-150OF
Pipe Size
Surface
Temperature
V"-144"
1 hr.
1V"-21i"
1 hr. & 30 min.
3"-4"
2 hrs. & 45 min.
6"-8"
3 hrs.& 30 min.
10"-12"
6 hrs.
We8ther*
50. -.90. F
Surface
Temoerature
1.hr: &'15 min.
1 hr. &.45 min.
3 hrs:.& 30 min.
4 hrs.
8 hrs
Web the;
10 -50 F
Surface
Temperature
1 hr. & 45 min.
3. hrs.
6 hrs.
12 hrs.
32 hrs.
*These temperatures shown are drying.temparatures and
should not be confused with atmospheric, joining tem-
perature recommendations and limitations.
2. High Pressure Testing. The PVC and.CPVC'pipe could possibly be
pressure tested up to 100% of its hydrostatic -pressure rating
after the drying times given in Table 7.
Table 7. PVC and CPVC Joint Drying 'times for 100a-Pressure
of
I Mild
o
We$thero
We8ther*
We8ther*
Nominal
90 -150 F
50 -90F
10 -50oF
Pipe Size
Surface
Surface
Surface
Temperature
Temperature,
Tem erature
4 hrs:
5 hrs.
7 hrs.
111"-2ts"
6 . hrs .
8 hrs.
10 hrs.
3"-4"
8 hrs.
18 hrs.
24 hrs.
•6"-8"
12 hrs.
24 hrs.
48 hrs.
10"-12"
18 hrs.
36 hrs.
72 hrs.
* These temperatures shown are drying temperatures and
should not be confused with atmospheric joining tem-
perature recommendations and limitations.
Do's and Don'ts
Do
1. Use the proper applicator (see Table 4 for specific recommendations)
-12-

2. Use proper type of solvent cement for the job.
3. Follow the instructions -completely.
' Donit
1. Attempt to solvent weld under the following conditions:
a, if it is raining
b. if atmospheric temperature is below,40oF
c. if under direct exposgre to sun at atmospheric
temperatures above. 9Q.,F
d. discard empty cans of'solvent, primer or rags in
' trench or near piping.. Co ncentrated'fumes or dripping
cement or primer can cause pipe failure.
M. Hot Water Cementing
1. since cement contains a solvent certain precautions. or steps
should be taken when the atmospheric temperature is above
-of
90.F to avoid excessive evaporation the solvent from the
cement just prior to joining. Such evaporation will cause
the cement to prematurely -set before joining, thus,
adversely affecting the joint 'integrity. Use one or a
combination of the below to reduce the chances of this .
condition occuring.
a. Shade or,shelter'the joints surfaces from direct
exposure to the,sun's rays for at least one hour
-prior to joining and during the joining process.
b., flake cement joints duringearly morning hours.
C. Apply cement quickly. On b inch and larger pipe,
it is recommended that two men apply cement to the
'■
pipe surface while -the third -applies it to the
■
fitting socket.
d. Join pipe to fitting as quickly as possible after
applying cement.
N. Cold Weather Cementing
'
1. Because the solvents in the cement will pot evaporate as
readily when the temperature is below 40 F, the pipe joints
will not set up as rapidly in cold weather. If solvent
cementing must be done when the temperature is below 40oF,
the following suggestions are offered:
'
a, Store pipe, fittings, cement and primer in a heated
area.
b. Pre-fab as much of the system as possible in a heated
work area.
c. Joints that must be made outside should be protected
rwith
a portable shelter and heated with indirect heat
to raise temperatures above 40 F prior to joining
The shelter and heat should remain in place for at
least two hours after joint assembly.
d. Pipe and fittings must dry prior to -joining and the
joints should be kept dry until the cement has had
sufficient time to set. CAUTION: 09 NOT ATTEMPT TO
-13-

1
P
1
SPEED THE SETTING OR DRY,I.NG OF THE CEMENT BY APPLYING DIRECT
HEAT TO THE SOLVENT WELDED:,JOINT. Forced'rapid drying by
heating will cause the cement solvents to boil off, forming
porosity, bubbles and blisters'.in the cement film.
:0. Handling of .Primer and Cement
Note: Observe the "use prior to" date. Cement has a limited shelf
life. LDO not permit solvent cement can to stand open. Do not
use cement that has dried.to,the point where it becomes lumpy
and stringy. Throw it away. Do not attempt to thin out
sluggish cement -with thinner or primer. The solvents in the
primer and cement are highly flammable, like a fast drying
lacquer, and should not be used near an open flame. Use
them in a well ventilated 'area and avoid prolonged breathing
of the.fumes. Prolonged contact with the skin could cause
a minor irritation.
Estimated Solvent'Cement Requirements
Cement requirements given. in Table 8 should only be considered as a
guideline for usage and could vary according to a'wide variety of
installation conditions. .Further, these estimates should in no way
be used -to restrict the liberal cement.application instructions
recommended for the pipe.
Table 6. Estimate of Number of Joints That Can Be Made
Per Volume of Cement*
Pipe Sizes
Pint quart
Gallons
'
130 260
1,040
3/4"
80 160
640
1"
70 140
560
114,"
50 100
400
1h"
35 70
280
2"
20 40
160
2k"
17 34
136
3"
15 30
.120
4"
10 20 '
BO
.611
N/R 8
'24
8"
N/R 3
12
10"
N/R N/R
10
12"
N/R N/R
6
*Each joint represents one socket in
a fitting.
Pipe for irrigation, especially underground,irrigation, has changed
rapidly in the past few years. Pipe that is availalbe today is high
quality, long-lasting material. When properly utilized, aluminum
tubing should last 25 years and PVC plastic pipe installed under-
ground has a life of 40 years or more.
-14-

hr
,,POWER U141T
GATE VALVE AIR RELIEF PRESSURE RELIEF
BLACK IRON VALVE VALVE
4. PUMP DISC!
CHECK VALVE 35
ALUMINUM
FLANGE
PUMP TELESCOPING
ASSEMBLY
42
TELESCOPING ASSEMBLY
PUMP STARTER
10` - 20` .
8"'PVC PIPE

End Exhibit 22
1
1
1
1
1
A
I I
AIR RELIEF VALVE

1
1
1
1
Water & Energy
Efficiency
in Irrigation
Much of the irrigation in the
U.S is practiced in and regions
where little or no rainfall oc-
curs during the growing season.
Under and conditions, irriga-
tion water can be applied at
fairly routine intervals and in
routine anwunts
However, North Carolina is
located in a huWd region
where irrigation must be
planned in conjunction with
prevailing rainfall conditions.
In humid regions such as ours, .
applying routine amounts of
irrigation water at regular
intervals will almost almys.
result in overirrigation and the
needless waste ofwater and
energy.
You can make most efficient
'use of water and energy by ap-
plying the right amount of water
to cropland at the right time.
Exhibit 23
Irrigation Scheduling to Improve.
Water -and Energy -Use Efficiencies
Irrigation scheduling is the use of
water management strategics to
prevent overapplication of water
while minimizing yield loss due to
water shortage or drought stress.
Many different crops are irrigated in
North ('mli= Thesc crops are
grown under a wide range of soil con-
ditions and production practices.
Therefore, irri&ation scheduling is an
extremely: important management
practice'for irrigators in North'
Carolina.
importance of Irrigation
Scheduling.
Some'irrigation water is stored in the
soil to be removed by crops and some
is lost by evaporation, runoff, or
seepage. The amount of water lost
through these processes is affected by
irrigation systcm design and irrigation
management. Prudent scheduling min-
imizes runoff and percolation losses,
which in turn usually maximizes ir-
rigation efficiency by reducing energy
and water use. ,(Of course, in situa-
tions where not enough water was
being applied, proper irrigation
scheduling will increase energy and
water use.)
You can save energy by no
longer pumping water that was pre-
viously being wasted. When water
supplies and irrigation equipment are
adequate, irrigators tend to ovc&-
rigate, believing that applying more
water will increase crop yields. In-
stead, overirrigation can reduce yields
because the excess soil moisture often
results in plant disease, nutrient leach-
ing, and reduced pesticide effective-
ness. In addition, water and energy are
wasted.
The quantity of water pumped
can often be reduced without reducing
yield. Studies have shown that irriga-
tion scheduling using water balance
methods (to be discussed later) can
save 15 to 35 percent of the water nor-
mally pumped without reducing yield,
Maximum yield usually does not
equate to maximum profit. The op-'
timum economic yield is less than the
maximum potential yield. irrigation
scheduling tips presented in popular
farm magazines too often aim at
achieving maximum yield with too lit-
tle emphasis on water and energy use
efficiencies, An optimwn irrigation
schedule maximizes profit and op-
timizes water and energy use.
Irrigation scheduling requires
knowledge of:
• the soil
• the soil -water status
• the crops
• the status of crop stress
• the potential yield reduction if
the crop remains in a stressed
condition.
In this publication, it is assumed
that the reader understands these basic
relationships. Their importance to ir-
rigation scheduling is briefly sum-
marized below. The terms that are
normally used in irrigation scheduling
are. summarized in the box on the
baci cover. For more information on
these subjects refer to Extension Publi-
cation AG-452-1, Soil Water and.
Cooperative Extension Service a North Carolina State University

1
I.
1
1
' Crop Chamclerktics Important to Ir-
rigation Scheduling.
Relating Sail -Water to
Plant Stress
The amount of water that should be
applied with cacti irrigation depends
primarily on the soil and the amount
of Watu it can retain for plant use,
referred to asplaw-available mier
(PAK •The amount of water
removed from the soil by the plant
since the last irrigation or rainfall is
mtemod to as the depiction votunw.
Irrigation should begin when the
crop comes under water stress severe
cnaugh to reduce crop yield or
quality. The level of stress that win
cause a reduction in crop yield or
quality depends on the kind of crop
and its stage of devl lopn=4 the level
varies during the growing season as
the crop matures. For example, corn
will tolerate more stress without caus-
ing a yield reduction when the stress
occurs during the vegetative stage as
opposed to the pollination stage.
Thus, determining when to irrigate is
a scheduling decision that should take
into account the crop's sensitivity to
stress..
Recently, scheduling techniques
'have been developed that arc bucd on
the rrroisture status or stress condition
of the crop. For example, to predict
crop stress by infrared thermometry,
the tamper. t LN of the crop's leaves is
related to tr.inspiraLion rate. Remote
sensing of crop stress using infrared
satellite imagcry, is.an%her method
being evaluated: Although these
methods hold promise for the future,
most of the work on them has been
conducted in Arid regions. Guidelines
have not beers iievcloped for humid
regions such.as.North Carolina.
4 htunid regions, the most reli-
able meth od.cutrently available for es-
timating when to irrigate is based on
allomble depletion of PAW. The
basic assumption is that crop yield or
quality will not be reduced if crop
water use is less than the allowable
depletion level. In North Carolina, 50
percent depiction of PAW is rccom .
mended for most soils (Figure 1).
However, allowable depletion may
range from 40 percent or less in some
coarse, sandy soils to as high as 50 to
^dint '• � •• Y'1a.:YQ�j}
70 percent in some clayey soils.
Drought -sensitive =ps (such as
vegetable crops) tolerate less depld-
tion than drought -tolerant crops (like
soybeans or cotton).
Influence of Rainfall
In humid regions, the irrigation fre-
qucacy and the amount of water to
apply are strongly influenced by .
seasonal rainfall. Efficiently and effec-
tively supplementing rainfall,is,one:Of
the greatest challenges to irrigation
scheduling in North Carolina. During
periods when no rainfall occurs, 1
inch of irrigation water may be nc-
quircd every three to four days.
'During a season when rainfall ocs
frequently, irrigation may bo needed
only once or twice a month. In most
years, the need for and fxcquency.of ir-
rigation falls between these exuernes.
Figure 2 illustrates the annual
variation in rainfall at the Raleigh -
Durham airport during the cotn-
growing season for the 30-year period
from 1956 to 1985. Notice that the
average rainfall during the growing
season was nearly equal to the cumula-
tive consumptive use for a corn crop.
5o•Percont
AIR AIlowabll)oplellan AJR
WAIEA .ram-.�- �Volume•Aematning
v •WA-M ~ ' start of irr{gatlon:
VOLUME
Added by Irrigation
soups '�soUy
Ftgure 1. Itle reldloa tllp between water dsttilatttlon In #le sW and the =mpt of ><r#gatlon
WdWtliing wtten 50 pertwnl O She PAW has beets depleted
2

On the average, then, enough rain-
water was received to satisfy crop
needs, suggesting that irrigation was
unnecessary. But in some years more
than enough rainfall was received,
whereas, in other years rainfall was not
adequato and irrigation was needed.
Thesc data illustrate that the timing of
rains is more important to irrigation
decisions than the total amount of rain-
fall.
Corn planted between April 10 .
and 15 consumes the most water and
is most susceptible to water deficits
from June 5 to July 5. During that 30-
day period, corn requires about 0.25
inches,of wa[cr,per'ciay, or a total of
7.5 inches. Figure 3*shows that in only
threc•yc9q.bctwecn 1Q56;and 1985
was raWall adcgiia;c to Satisfy the
water needs of cdrn'throu0out this
critictit gro:wtti stasc.`Thc arjcragc 30-
day rauifall was ugpro�' unutcly 4 in-
ches, indicating,that th av�ragc
amount of uxig4694 water, required
was 3.5 inche ` uu ' g the 30 day
period. Burro. 4p_y.:applying that
average amount *oul¢:have been
suitable in only ;l0 out of the 30 years.
In 10 of the years; appl*g3.5 inches
30r CORN CONSUMPTIVE
27 WATER'USE TO BLACK
LAYER FORMATION
� 24
�21
15
4 12
� 9
30 YEAR AVERAG .
6 RAINFALL DURING
3 GROWING SEASON
Q .
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980. 1985
YEAR
Rgue 2. RoInfdl during the growing seoson,(Aptil.10.10 August 31)-at,iho Rdeigh-
Dttrlfarn aGporl from l95610 1985. Catstrrr lyeit}se 4.1he told amount of water
extaacled by a corn crop during the growing season:-
12 .
11 CONSUMPTIVE USE
to JUNE 5 TO JULY 5
cti ...............
v 7 8 AVERAGE
5 .
_z 3
2
1
. Q
1955 1960 1965 1970, 1975 1980 1985
YEAR
Rpure 3. Yearly ratrddl ttttch&1on at the R deIM-,Drsharn drport.during the 90-
day.ctllical ff"wc period for =n (Jude 5, • 'Jitty,5) ttom,19�56,tok4985: Curt-
atmptlon the amotarlt of inaler a can CM WVr�d exhort from the soil dtulnp
the attfoal 3040Y Period It soil•wctter b not It ft.' • '
would have bcen inadequate, and in
the 10 remaining years it would have
been excessive. The annual irrigation
requirements ranged from none to 7
inches.
Most irrigation system have the
capacity to'satisfy crop needs in the
driest year or at least in 9 out of every
10 years. In this example, the amount
of irrigation water needed to satisfy
crop demand during the critical
growth phase in 9 out of 10 years was
6.5 inches, or more than 1.5 inches
per week. Yet if this amount were ap-
plied every week, overirrigation
would result 90 percent of the time.
This example clearly shows that the
weekly, monthly, and annual
variability in rainfall must be taken
into account when making irrigation
decisions.
Irrigation Scheduling
Irrigation scheduling is the process of
answering two basic questions:
Do I need to irrigate?
How much water should'I apply?
Determining When to irrigate
There are three ways to decide when
to irrigate:
• measure soil -water
• estimate soil -water using an
ac counting approach (the cheek -
book method)
• measure crop stress
Measuring Soil -Water. There
arc many different methods or devices
for measuring soil water. These in-
clude thefeel method, gravitational
method; tensiometers, electrical resis-
iance blocks, neutron probe, Phene
cell, and lime domain reflecrometer.
These methods differ in reliability,
cost, and labor intensity. For more in-
formation on the operation, reliability,
and cost of these methods, refer to Ex-
tension Publication AG-452-2,
Measuring Soil-Waterfor Irrigation
Scheduling: Monitoring Methods and
Devices.
Tensiometers and electrical resis-
tancc blocks are the most cost-
efficient and reliable devices for
measuring soil -water for the irrigation
of North Carolina soils. Tensiometers
3

rj
1
.. : I
1
i
1
are best suited for sandy, sandy loam,
and loamy soil textures, while clectri-
cal resistance blocks work best in silty
or clayey soils. You should be aware
that the calibration curves and recom-•
mcndations supplied by the manufac-
turcr for these devices were developed
for general conditions and arc not ade-
quate for specific soil conditions and
-fields. For best results, all soil -water
measuring devices should be
calibrated for the major soils in each
field being irrigated. Calibration pro-
ccdures for soil -water measuring
devices are outlined in Extension Pub-
licadon•AC1 452-3, Calibrating Soil-
WaterMeasuring Devices.
Checkbook Method. The check-
book method is an accounting ap-
proach for estimating how much
soil -water remains in the effective
root zone based on water inputs and'
outputs (Bice a daily balance on a bank
account based on deposits and
withdrawals). Irrigation is scheduled
when the soil -water content in the of
fective root zone is near the allowable
depletion volume. Some of the
simpler checkbook methods keep
trackofrainfall, evapotranspiration,
and irrigation amounts. More sophisti-
cated methods require periodic meas-
urw=ts of the soil -water status and
moisture -use rates of the crop.'Some
methods may even require inputs of.
daily temperature, wind speed, and
Solar radiation amounts. •
Checkbook methods require
detailed daily record keeping, which
can become time consuming for the
more complex methods. One of the ad-
vantages of the checkbook approach
is that it can be programmed on a com-
puter. Computerprograrns have been
doveloped to handle the accounting
and provide timely and sometimes
Precise scheduling recommendations.
Some of the more advanced programs
can predict the effect of an irrigation
or Irrigation delay at a given growth
stage on crop yield and maturity date.
Computer progr ms can be very reli-
able tools for scheduling irrigation;
however, it is very important to
remember that the computer recom-
mendations arc only as good as the
data you supply.
Regardless of the method used to
estimate or measure soil -water, there
will be occasions when the soil will
have reached the "turn on" level of
dryness, yet your judgment suggests
that irrigation should be, delayed. For
example, if the crop has not reached
the most critical stage and the water
supply is in danger of being exhausted
before the. cnd'of the irrigation season,
then irrigation should bi delayed. This
delay may cause some reduction in
yield or quality, but the reduction
would be greater if flip water supply
became depleted before the crop
reaches a more critical stage of
growth. If a high probability of rain-
fall has been predicted during the next
one or two days, it may ad-
vantagcous to wait and sec before
starting to irrigate.
This decision must also take into
account the capacity of the irrigation
system. If the system is already being
used to full capacity and water sup-
plies are sufficient, then irrigate on
schedule. If predicted rainfall does not
occur, it is impossible to got back on
schedule when the irrigation equip-
ment is already being used to full
capacity. A wait -and -see approach is
practical only when the irrigation sys-
tem is not being used at full capacity.
DefelnVning How Much to
Itrtgcrfe
Enough irrigation water should be ap-
plied to replace the depleted PAW
within the root lone and to allow for
irrigation inefficiencies. Root depth
and root distribution arc important be-
cause they determine the depth of the
soil reservoir from which the plant
can extract available water. About 70
percent of the root mass is found in
the upper half of the maximum root
depth. Under adequate moisture condi-
tions, water uptake by the crop is
about the same as its root distribution.
Thus, about 70 percent of the water
used by a crop is obtained from the
upper half of the root zone. This zone
is referred to as the effective root.
depth. This depth should be used to
compute the volume of PAW. Mga-
tion amounts should be computed -to
replace only the depleted PAW within
the effective root zone.
The depleted volume is referral
to as the net amount of water to be
replaced. Additional water must be ap-
plied to account for irrigation inef-
Monitor
Soil
Moisture
Does Soil
Monitoring Indicate
It's Time To Irrigate
YES NO
DELAY
Will Crop Ylold or
IRRIGA71ON
IRRIGATE Quality Bo 5erlvusly
Roducod.11 Errlgatlon
Is Delayed
YES NO
WIII Water supply
Ba Adequate For
Remainder Of
WO
Growing Season
Is This
YES NO
Most C
Stage
NO Is Ratntal! Predicted
YES
Wlthtn t or x pays
YES
Figure 4. Daly decision procoss required to schedule lrrigaiiorl effectively.
K

ficiencies so that the desired (net)
amount reaches the root zone. Incf-
fidencies might include leakage at
couplings, surface runoff, or percola-
tion below the effective root depth.
Irrigation efficiency is typically 70 to
80 percent of the total water applicd.
Thus if the net irrigation amount re-
quuxd to replace the depletion volume
is 1 inch and the irrigation efficiency
is 75 percent, the total amount of ir-
rigation water needed to apply, 1 inch
of net water is approximately.1.3 in-
�ches (the net amount, 1 inch, divided
. by the irrigation efficiency of 0.75).
This amount (1.3 inches) is referred to
as the gross water application. For a
discussion on strategics to maximize
intatlon efficiency, refer to Exten-
'sion Publication AG-152-5, Irrigation
Management Strategies to haprove
Waterand Energy Ef ciendes.
new may be occasions when
jonly part of the depletion volume
should be replaced by irrigation. For
example, if irrigation replaces all the
depletion volume, there is little or no
PAW storage remaining within the ef-
fective root zone should a rainfall
occur soon after the irrigation. In this
situation, most of an ensuing rainfall
' amount could be lost through runoff
orpercolation. Applying only part of
the scheduled amount of irrigation
water in anticipation of rainfall will
result in more efficient use of water
aad'energy, although this approach
may require more frequent in igatiorL
The above discussion has shown
that determining when and how much
' to irrigate is a complex decision -
making process. Critical elements of
this process stir summarized in Figure
4. Every irrigator must evaluate these
critical elements daily to utilize water
.and energy efficiently and effectively.
rile following euamplcs demonstrate
two irrigation scheduling procedures
recommended for North Carolina.
Afflgatlon Scheduling:
Examples
Calibrating soil -water measuring
equipment and measuring soil -water
=the gust steps in dcvcloping all cf
fectivc irrigation schedule, The irdor-
mation obtained allows you to deter-
mine when the soil -water content has
reached the norrrrai irrigation range.
The calibration data are used to deter-
mine the readings of the soil -water
measuring device at the allowable
depletion volume, usually 50 percent
depletion of PAW. Using a tcn-
siometer for irrigation scheduling is
demanstrated,in the following ex-
ample. A similar;proccdure is' fol-
lowed if cicctiical resistance blocks or
one of the other soil -water measuring
devices is used.
irrigation Scheduling Using
Tensiometers
A calibration curve showing soiI-
water tension (tensiometer reading)
versus water content for a sandy soil
is plotted in Figure 5. From this graph,
field capacity is esd=tcd to occur
where the steeper portion of the curve
begins to flatten out, at about 10 cen-
•tibars (cb). Field capacity ocetus in a .
sandy soil about one day after a soak-
ing rain. The water content at 10 cb is
020 in/in (0.20 Win means each inch
of soil depth contains 020 inches of
0.3
r FIELD CAPACITY
u
c
0.2 50% DEPLETION OF PAW
z
Z J!/ WILTING POINT
- --- - ------
v................. : ..........................
rSTART IRRIGATION
4 0
0. 10 20 3o �o 50 80 70 r 1500
'PENSION (centibars)
RWe,5.Callbtatlon curvo.o(ymier conlent.versus terns wrier reacOV,(tenslon).
Eleld.ocapaclty rtorinally,irtiet) iod.lo bo,ttw'point at wWph,ft rated
dec:recse or.woter content versus lensfon flattens oaf. In this case; about 40 =
Table 4. DetenTllning.When and How Much to Irrigate
Cdculoting When to lelgole CdcWatI ng How Much to lnftgde -
Bant-avaiiabie-water
PAW -'field capacity- wilting point
- 0.20Indin. 0.08Indin.
- 0.42In. /In.
50 percent depletion of PAW
- 0.42 In./in. x Q50
- 0.06In./in.
Waler content at 50 percent depletion
water content'((Ieid capacity) minus
dlowat� a depletion
- 0.20 In./in. - 0.06 In./In.
- 0.44 la ila
Not Irrigallon amounts Zee-Ngh stage)
- depletlon volume times effective
root depth -
- 0.06 In./in. x 8 In.
- 0.48 in./irrigatlon
Gross water 2EOcotlon
- net amount divided by Irrigatlon,
efflclency
- 0.48In. 10,75
= 0.64 ln.11rrigatlon
Not Irrlpatlon amount (tamUng sta)e)
- 0.06 lndin. x 12 In
- 0.72 In. linigation
Tenslon•when water content Is 0.14 In. /in. Gross water appllcatlon
�aad item plot (FIB, 5) at 04A in,�En, 0,72 in,! 0,75
30 cb a 0.96InATIoallon

t
1
1
water). The PAW of this soil as calcu-
lated in Table 1 is 0.12 in there-
fore, the all depletion (one-half
of PAW) is 0.06 in/in. The water con-
tent of the soil when irrigation should
begin is 0.14 in/In. The correspond-
ing tension at this water content is 30
cb. Therefore, irrigation water should
be applied to this soil when the ten-
siometer reading reaches 30 cb.
At the time of irrigation, the effec-
tive root depth must be known in
order to detrrrnine the total amount of
irrigation water to apply and to install
tensiometers or electrical resistance
blocks at the appropriate depth. As dis-
Table 2. Example of lirl!
cussed.carlier; the effective root depth
represents thc.depth of soil -from
which the -plant extracts most of its
water. The'effrctive root depth in-
creases during the. growing season as
the crop develops. It begins at zero at
planting and increases to its maximum
depth by, the time the crop reaches its
reproductiv.p stage of growth, which
occurs about midscason for most
crops. In Noah Carolina, soil condi-
tions usually limit the maximum effec-
tive root depth to about 12 inches.
When irrigation is scheduled during
early growth stages before maximum
root development, assume that the
Using a Simple Checkbook Approach'
rate of root elongation increases
linearly from planting time up to the
maximum effective depth of 12 inches
at midseason. For example, corn
reaches its maximum effective root
depth of 12 inches at the tasseling
growth stage, 60 to 65 days after -plant-
ing. Before tasseling, the rate of cffec-
tive root growth is about 0.2 inches
per day,(12 inchcV60 days). Thus, at
the knee-high growth stage, 40 Oys;..
after planting, the effective root depth
is about 8 inches (0.2 inch/day x 40
days)
The amount of water to be added
at each irrigation is determined by
PAW In sW d stort Conugipllvc� Net PAW to soR Ond
Data or day use for clay , Ralrlfdl5 Wgallon of day Comments
' (inches) (%of PAW) (Inches) (Indies) (inches) (Inches) (goof PAW)
5-31 1.00 1.44 100 SooSdng rain, FC assumed
6.1
4.44
100
0.14
1.30
90
,
2
1.30
90
0.45
1.15
80
3
1.15
80
0.46
0.99
69
4
0.99
69
0.17
a68
47
5
0,82
57
0.18
0.04
0.68
47
Time to irrigate
6
US
47
0.19
0.04
0.72
1.25
.87
7
1.25
87
0.20
0,15
.1.20
83
8
4.20
83
0.21
0.01
4.00
69
9
1.00
69
0.22
0.88
61
10
0.88
61
0.22
0.66
46
Time to irrigate
11
0.66
46
Q23
0.72
1.15
80
12
1.15
80
0.23
0.20
1.12
78
13
4.12
78
0.23
0.89
62
14
0.89
62
Q24
0.65
45
Time to Irrigate
15
0.65
45
0.24
0.08
0.72
1.21
84
16
1.21
84
a24
0.19
4.46
81
17
1.16
81
0.24
0.92
64
18
0.92
64
Q25
1.26
1.44
100
0.49 in. raln above FC
19
1.44
100
0.25
0.31
1.44
100
0.06 In. rain above FC
20
1.44
100
0.25
4.49
83
21
1.19
83
0.25
0.94
65
22
0.94
65
0.26
0 68
47
Time to Irrigate
23 ..
0.68
47
0.26'
0.72
1.14
79
24
1.14
79
0.26
0.88
61
25
0.88
61
0.26
0.62
43
Time to irrigate
.26
0.62
.43
Q25
0.72
1.08
75
27
1.08
75
0.25
0.83
58
(CritIoal stage, can sllldng)
28
0.83
58
0.25
V2
1.30
90
Wgate sooner than 60%
29
1.30
90
0.25
0.21
1.26
88
30.
1.26
68
0.24
0.38
1.40
97
1SCndy bom sea of cWxollon wmrnpfe. Effocltvo root rove casumsd to bo 121nChes. told PAW n O.i2 X 12 In. n i A4ln. Wgnle al W%of PAW. Wga-
Ilon amount based on 50%deptellon o1 i A4 k rim which Is a net amoaml of 0,72lnches. Values shown do not Include Urlgallon lnefndency. .
ICof►w npllve use for can Irom Rgtle 7. Plorlling cssuf W to be'Apll it so June i corresponds to 45 days oner plonlN.
sltdnlOO tom Ratetgh-Wham drperi, i 985.
0

f multiplying the allowable depletion
by the effective root depth. For ex-
ample, if irrigation is scheduled when
corn has reached the knee-high stage
and the effective root depth is 8 in-
ches, the irrigation amount is, then
OAS inches, as shown in Table 2. This
represents the net (desired) irrigation
amount. Assuming an irrigation cf-
ficiency of 75 percent, the gross water
application amount is 0.64 inches.
Once corn reaches the tasseling stage,
the effective root depth has increased
to 12 inches. The net irrigation
amount at this stage is 0.72 inches and
the gross water application is 0.96 in-
ches.
Frequently, irrigation systems in
North Carolina have been sized to
-apply approximately 1 inch of water
every three to four days, which is a
general rule, of thumb to satisfy cx-
pccted peak -use demands. This
amount would be appropriate in the
above example when corn has reached
the tasseling stage. But notice that this
amount of water is 50 percent more'
than should be applied at the kncc-
high stage. Few irrigators adjust their
application amount during the grow-
ing season, which often results in over -
irrigation early in.the season. Apply-
ing the desiggsystem capacity of 1
inch at the ltne�high stage in the
above example would result in apply-
ing 024 inches per irrigation that
would percolate below the effective
root zone. Thus, the irrigation efficica-
cy would be reduced from 75 percent
to about 50 percent. This wastes water
and energy.
Locating Soil-WWerMeasuring
Devices
In general, soil -water should be
measured at the center of the effective
root zone. If Elie effective root depth is
12 inches, the soil -water measuring
device should be installed at a depth
of about 6 inches. When an'irrigated
field contains more than one soil type,
at least one device should be installed
within each major soil type in the
field. The above calculations should
also be made,for each different soil.
When stationaFy sprinklers are used
(such as solid -set or permanent irriga-
tion.systerns), the system should be
managed such that an irrigation zone
encompasses only soils with similar
soil -water properties. In this mariner,
irrigation amounts can be adjusted ac-
cording to the soil -water retention
properties within a particular zone.
To check the computed irrigation
amount, a second soil -water measur-
ing device can be used at the bottom
of the root zone to indicate when ir-
rigation should stop. The two soil -
water measuring devices are used as
an on -off switch, as shown in Figure
6. One device (the shallow one) is in-
stalled in the center of the effective
root zone and indicates when irriga-
tion should start. The second device,
installed at the bottom of the root
zone, indicates when irrigation should
stop. As soon as the root zone is
rewcucd to field capacity, water
begins to percolate below the effec-
tive root zone. The percolation is indi-
cated by a decrease in soil -water
tension of the lower tensiometer. As
soon as the teixsion reading on the
deep tensiometer starts to decrease, ir-
rigation should be stopped.
Scheduling irrigation is more dif-
ficult for mechanical -move type irriga-
tion systems (center pivots or hard
hose travelers) because the irrigator
must anticipate the time required for
the system to move across the field. In
Us situation, irrigation must the.
rA

Il
1
J
1
started sooner, typically after 30 to 40
percent depletion of PAW so that the
last section irrigated will not be drier
than 60 to 70 percent depleted. The
situation is further complicated by
rainfall events occurring during this
period. The PAW content may be
uniform following a rainfall, but
depending on the time required for the
system to make a complete cycle,
PAW may vary across the field by 50
percent following irrigation.
Shallow trnslomcters can still be
used to detcrrnine when to irrigate,
but irrigation must be started sooner
so that the last portion to be irrigated
does not become too dry. Deeper tcn-
siometers should be located near the
midpoint of the travel cycle. They
should be monitored as the system
passes to determine whether the
..proper amount of water is being ap-
plied. If no change in the tensiomctcr
reading is observed as the system pas-
scs, too little water is being applied
and the travel speed should be
reduccd: Likewise, if the tensiometer
reading deercases before the system is
90 percent past the tensiometer, too
much water is being applied and the
travel speed should be increased.
With mechanical-movc systems, soil -
water moasurerricnts are used in con-
junction with the checkbook approach
to schedule irrigation properly and ac-
count for the additional soil -water
depletion that will occur while the sys-
tem travels across the field.
Irrigation Scheduling Using the
Checkbook Approach
The checkbook approach to irrigation
scheduling involves a daily account-
ing of water withdrawals and addi-
tions to the effective root zone. The
additions include rainfall and irriga-
tion amounts and the withdrawals in-
clude crop water use, runoff, and
percolation.
Rainfall and irrigation can be
measured with rain gauges installed
above the crop canopy in the irrigated
field. Plant withdrawals can be es-
timated from drop soil -water use
curves or by measuring pan evapora-
tion. Moist= use curves such as
those shown in Figure 7 indicate the
amount of water (consumptive use)
thata crop woid rcmovc;from the
soil if the atmospheric evative pora
dcrnand.was,high;*t is; on a clear,
warm day if the amount of water
stored in the effective root zone is suf-
ficicnt.- When, these conditions are not
present, actual ponsumptive use will
be less than the consumptive use
Yalucs shown•in .Figure 7..For ox-
ample, on a cool, rainy, or very over-
cast day, consumptive use may be
near zero. Consumptive use rates
should be adjuted sto reflect prevail-
ing weather conditions.
Daily.pan evaporation measure-
ments reflect the effects of prevailing
weather conditions. Pan evaporation
is approximately equal to potential
evapotranspiration (PEI).
Evapotranspiration is the process by
which water is lost from the soil sur-
face by evaporation and by the
transpiration process of plants grow-
ing on the soil: P. oten1W evapo-
trwispiration (PM) is the maximum
amount of water that could be lost
through this process under a given set
of atmospheric conditions, assuming
that the crop covers the.cntire soil sur-
face and that the amount of water
present in the.soil does not limit the
process. However, when pan evapora-
tion is used to estimate PET, a crop
coefficient is required to adjust the
pan evaporation value to actual
evapotranspiration (AM). AET is the
actual amount of .water removed from
the soil and can be limited by the crop
or by the water content of.the soil.
Actual evapotranspiration equals
PET (pan evaporation) for an actively
growing crop that completely'shades
the soil surface (full crop canopy) and
is growing in a soil near field
capacity. But a young seedling does
not transpire at the same rate as a crop
with full cart opy; In fact, during much
of the. growing season, AET is less
than PET because the crop canopy is
small or the crop is approaching scnes-
cencc and not transpiring at its peak
rate: The crop coefficient corrects for
the difference between AET (as
limited by the crop) and PET (a func-
tion of atmospheric conditions).
Crop coefficients for many plants
have been developed. An example
crop -coefficient curve for c= is
shown in Figure 8. AET can also be
limited when the soil b=mes too dry
to supply water to plant roots so. that
the plant can transpire at PEr. The
plant undergoes temporary wilting
when this occurs. The checkbook ap-
proach includes no corrective
measures to account for soil limita- '
lions. It is assumed that the soil does
not limit water supply to the crop as
long as PAW is not depleted below 50
percent.
The National Weather Service
records pan evaporation at several
weather stations across the state. This
information can be obtained from the
Iocal Extension Service office through
the CAROLINE network. Pan
evaporation can also be measured on
site with a fairly large pan, such as a
washtub. The pan should be covered
with some type of screen or netting
(with openings approximately I inch
wide) to keep birds and animals from
drinking the water. The most common
source of error using the checkbook
approach occurs in estimating water
losses due to runoff and percolation
losses, that is, estimating the effective
rainfall or irrigation that remains in
the effective root zone. Thesc errors
accumulate as the season progresses.
For best results, it is necessary to
measure sail -water several times
during the growing season (preferably
every two to three weeks) to make pe-
riodic corrections of the checkbook
balance of soiI-water.
To use the checkbook method,
you must begin computations when
the soil is at a known water content.
Field capacity is the usual starting
point and should be assumed to occur
soon after a rainfall or irrigation of an
amount large enough to wet the cffcc-
tive root zone. For many of the loamy
soil textures found in North Carolina
(root zone textures consisting of
loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, or
sandy clay loam), field capacity, can
be assumed to occur one day after
rainfall or irrigation.
A simple checkbook approach for
scheduling irrigation is shown in'
R

Table 2. Irrigation amounts are com-
puted as.shown in Table 2. Notice that
many of the adjustments discussed
above, which are needed to correct for
potential errors, have been omlttcd.
The checkbook method becomes time
consuming and tedious but more rcli-
able when these corrections are in-
bluded. When data necdcd to make
eormetions arc available, the use of a
computer program is recommended.
Technical Assistance Is
Available
While simple in concept, irriga-
tion scheduling is rather complex in
practice. As costs of energy and water
continue to increase, irrigation
scheduling will become increasingly
important. By making more efficient
use of both energy and water, irriga-
tion scheduling can save you money.
Your county Cooperative Extension
TASSELING SILKING
a 0.3
.o
c
W 0.2 KNEE HIGH EARLY DENT
rn
o:
BLACK LAYER
ti
d 0.1 MERGENCE
aD
0 20 40 60 BO 100 1.20 140
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
figure 7. Drily wrier use by corn as Wwnved bysloe of development. lalga-
*m scisedrftV deddons should be odJusted to r6de6 changas In water con-
surnpflon by Me crop during the growing season
TASSELING SILKING
.1.1
- t
Z 0.9
w ul EARLY DENT
iz 0.7
0.6 KNEE HIGH BLACK LAYER
O 0.5
00.3EMERGENCE
U 0.2
D
0 20 40 60 Bo t0D 120 140
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
Rgure 8. Crop coeftident curare for com for adjustlng.p art evopordion fo.octuc>t
evcpotrarssarratlort d the crop. For most crops groWJ VLln,50W wlih no'"ng
aril motsltseMie ooefflckn t will be i during.me pIn-
(Soft that olslureTum period, In-
(SoAET Is egjof to evoWdlon from a Saeerled Gass A evaporatlon
Service and Soil Conservation Service
can help with, irrigation decisions.
Their staff members know how to
apply irrigation scheduling tedua-
ques. Irrigation consulting and
scheduling services are also available
in some areas.
0

End Exhibit 23
'
Soil, Water, and Plant Terms Used in Irrigation Scheduling
Tatm
Definition
�•
field Capacity (FC)
The soil-wolor content after the force or gravity has drained or removed afl the
water It can, usually 110 3 days after rdnfdl.
Peananent Wilting Point (PWP) -
The loll -water content at which, healthy plants can no longer extract water from
the soil at a rate tall enough to rocovor from wilting. permanent willing point is
considered the lower limit of plant- avolloble water.
Plant-Avallable.Wafer (PAINS
The amount of water held In the soil that is avollable to plants: the difference be-
lween field capacity and the permanent willing point.
Depletion Volume
The amount of pioni-avallabto water removed from the soil by plants and
evaporation from the sea surface,
'
Allowable Depletion Volume
The amount of punt-avaflabio water that can be removed from the soil without
seriously affecting plant growth and development.
Mocllve Root Depth
The upper portion of the root zone where plants got most of lhelr water. Effecllve
root depth Is estimated as one -halt the maximum rooling depth.
1
1
North Carolina =_ 'sew AW
• COOPERATIVE_
EXTENSION �-
SERVICE NC Department of Economic
Prepared by �'vy andCommunity Development
Ft. 0. Evans, Extonsion Agricultural Engineering Spociallst
R. E. Snood, Extonsion Agricultural Engineering Spocialist
D. K Cassal, professor of Soil Scionoo
' Thispublrcation was produced by the North Carolina Cooparailve Extension SoMca write support providod by rho Enaryy Division, North Carolina
Department of ,Economic and Community Development; from petroleum violalbn oscrow lunda Thu opinions, findings, conclusions, or
rocommendarions &Vrossod horoin are Moso of the authors and do not nocossarily rollocf fho Wows of the Enoryy Division, North Carolina
' Doparunant of Economic and Community Dovolopmant.
Published by
THE NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
North Carolina Slate University at Raleigh, North CarolinaAgriculturai and Technical State University at Graonsboro, and the U.S. Departmont of Agriculture,
cooperating. State University Station, Raleigh, N,C., R.C. Wells, Director. Distributed In furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May $ and Juno 30.1914. Tho
North Carolina Cooperative Extension Sarvico Is an equal opportunlly/afflrmativo action amployor. Its programs, activities, and omployment practices are
available to all people regardless of race, color, religion, sex, ago, naflonal origin, handicap, or poliflcal affiliaffon.
6/91— 2M — TAli -- 210308 AG-452-4
2,000 copies of lhls public documont w©ro printed, at a cast of $1,007,00, or $.50 per copy.

Exhibit 24
1
1 .
Systems Operations Guide -
System
Start -Up
1.
Attach traveler to hydrant and open hydrant valve :Cully.
2.
PUl1 out traveler hose slowly. (make sure to observe buffer areas)
3.
Move engine to lagoon and then prime punp.
4.
Make sure ground entry gate valve is open fully.
5.
Stare engine and leave engine at idle speed until all air is purged
from the system lines.
G.
Raise engine speed -until proper pump pressure.is met.
7.
Start traveler engine and allow engine to warm.
iS.
Engage traveler drive and set travel speed to designed speed.
9.
Make sure the gun is set. on. the designed arc (270) and that no buffer
areas are being violated.
System Shut Down
1.
The traveler is designed to shut down automatically when the gun cart
reaches the traveler.
2.
4
After the traveler stops, lower the engine speed to idle.
3.
'Shut down the engine.
4.
'Shut the hydrant valve completely and move the traveler to the next
hydrant location. .
5.
Repeat system start --up.
$.
if at the last hydrant location, move purip and traveler to storage area..
Winterization
1.
Open all drains in the system. (pipeline) pump, 'traveler, etc.)
2.
after all water has drained from the system lines, close the pipeline
drain valves.

End Exhibit 24
Systems Operations Guide
Page 2
Winterization Cont.
3. Open ground entry gate valve and pour in a :small amount of anti -.freeze.
This will help to prevent the valve from freezing.
4. Leave the ground entry gate valve slightly open.
Maintenance
1. Follow all maintenance manuals supplied with the systain.
2. Replace any worn or damaged Darts as soon as possible. -(gaskets, hoses,etc.)
3. Coat the inside of the impeller housing with lubricant to help prevent
corrosion.
4. Grease hydrant stems at least annually.
General
I. Be sure to follow the waste plan as it is designee].
2. Observe all buffer zone areas.
3. Make sure all equipment: is in good working condition before pumping.
4. Always start the engine slow and stop the engine slow. If the system
is brought up to full speed before all of the air is out of the .lines,
or is stopped without slowing to idle speed, severe dmiage may
result.

i r = m = = = = m = = = m
EXHIBIT 25
O icil!!,1kIIII►Mizi *1--il1"I III: I:rhl V 1►14:+-� 1034MANji1
LAGOONFIELD F7
•- IRRIGATION: SECOND STAGE• •
.-LOW RATE AT THIS NOZZLE
PRESSURE LOSS PER FOOT OF:
41 ALUMINUM PfPE
./100 FT.
(FILL OUT ONLY WHAT IS APP.)
6 INCH ALUNIMUM PIPE
0 FT./100 FT,
4 IN. HARD CONNECTING HOSE
3.00 FT./100 FT.
4 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR21
2.36 FT./100 FT.
6 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR26
0.33 FT.1100 FT.
8 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR21
0 FT.1100 FT.
10 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR21
0 FT.1100 FT.
3 INCH COIL PIPE (REEL)
0 FT./100 FT.
4 INCH COIL PIPE (REEL)
2.66 FT.1100 FT.
INPUT
INPUT PRESSURE
PRESSURE
VALUES
VALUES
IN
IN
FEET
�,rrrtearwm
PSI
firryrwwrrr
PSI
+sf
FEET
.�,e+.ta�-�.t
NOZZLE PRESSURE (PSI)
'"`"
60
60.00
138.60
4 INCH ALUMINUM PIPE
0
"'°'
0.00
0.00
6 INCH ALUNIMUM PIPE
0
**
0.00
0.00
4 IN. HARD CONNECTING HOSE
20
*" `
0.26
0.60
4 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR21
130
"""
1.33
3.07
6 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR26
215
•*
0.31
0.71
8 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR21
0
***
0.00
0.00
10 INCH PVC PIPE, SDR21
0
*""'
0.00
0.00
3 INCH COIL PIPE (REEL)
0
"*
0.00
0.00
4 INCH COIL PIPE (REEL)
.1250
***
14.39
33.25
MAX. POINT ELEVATION HEAD
20
'""`
8.66
20.00
SUCTION HEAD
8
"*i`
3.46
8.00
MISC. LOSSES
15
"`
6.49
�*
15.00
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
9*rt*4 9D
21 � 23
MAX. PRESSURE ON THE DISCHARGE
SIDE OF
THE PUMP
91.44
211.23
EXHIBIT
25 PAGE 1

IEMOIT
RIVERSIDE FARM, LAGOON NUMBER 4
VOLUME vs DEPTH
1,100,000 .
. .....................................
.................. :. ...................................... .................. .................. ........ .. ...... ..... .......... .................. ..................
pol kr Or- b-4ffl-kf#L,0V4 i
1,050,000 .
............
............... ................ ................. ...... ......
1,000,000 .
......
........ .............. - ... ...... ........................ ...... ......... ......... ........... ........
1
950,000 .
..............
................. ................... - .................. ............. .................. .......... ...... ................
900,000 .
...........................................
. ............................. ....... ........... ................ .................
850,000 .
...............
............ ............. ................. .................. .................. ............ .................. .....................................
TART
800,000
..........
................ .................... .......... .................. ...... ......................... ................ .................. ...........
750,000
............ ...
......... .......................................... ........ ............... ........ ..................
700,000 .
..................
..............
........ ...................................... .......... ....... ...... ......... .......... ....... ......... . .......
z650,000
.
.................
.............
...... .... ...... ............................. ............... ...................................... ............................ ....
ui
LL
LL
600,000
...........
......
.................. ............. ...................... ........... ............. ...............
D -rpj 9.T :ik' ""","STARr
'
lM. j �EaE.
0
550,000
...........
... ..................................
................................. ........... .................. ..........
..... ...
0
500,000
......
.....................................
........
... ... ...... ............................... ..........
....... ...... .......
450,000-
..............
7 .......................................
......................... ............ ..................................................
....... .................. ..................
400,000
........
...... ....... .................. ...............
.................... .......... �k5 ... OF .. Rmil�
.. .............. am
350,000
...............
................... ...............
.. ................................. ........ .................. ................. .................. . ................
300,000 .
.................................
..........
............................ ............. ..
.. .. ................ ..................
250,000 .
..................
.............
. .............
.................. ................ .................. ....... ..........
...... ............... �tA
TokhGE. STOP
200,000
................
.. ..................
....... rjr , A t
......
.......................................
..................
150,000 -
..... .
.... ...................................
.... .............. ................ ......... ............. ..
......... ............... ...... ..........
.............
................100,000
:............. ..
.......... .......
6P:Tj
E;'
FR6GAt9Fd
50,000
........
.
..................................
...... ........
....:
.................
......
........ ..................
l..............I.
I
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
LEVEL OF WATER BELOW OVERFLOW (FEET)
I

Exhibit 27
FOAM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Feld # Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN loading
Pi �1 - SCu (Ibfarre) _ (B)
(11 (2) (3) (41 151 rFi1 t-A M (91 (101 (111
Date
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN '
(lb11000 gal)
PAN Applied
Macre)
f8) x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance
(Iblacre)
(B) • (10)
Start Tima
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (Z)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gal/min)(6)
Total Volume
{gallons)
% (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaUacre)
�M
A
:1
3:15
1 12
'A,
•C)
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals t1
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
z Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # I r7 Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type 1 Recommendid PAN Loading �^
l ` FE V (Iblacre) = (B) `7 0
111 (21 r31 141 rRl On !n rat r41 rim rill
Date
mrrydd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib11000 gal)
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
[ fgl
1 000
Nitrogen Balance'
pblacre)
(B) - {70)
Start rime
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
# or Sprinklers
Operating
Flow male
(gaUmin)
Total Volume
{gallons)
(g) x (3) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
M
a
a
o:4S
l; o
,O
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
Z Enter the value received by subtracting column (1 D) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M'MM 1111111M 1111111M ice■ illyM mmmm
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Field #
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator
Irrigation Operator's
Address ,A- C .
Operator's Phone ## CT 1 U - t. t ?.rN i.
e—. g ri
V,,).Cna.sP 1 �r.�.�
(�
1 0 , 60-, C—
q t o • 01 r< 1?; . )q
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type j— r. 7— Recommended PAN Loading `�, r- ! (lb/ac(e) = (H)
(11 f71 f31 rd1 f41 em rn «a rrn Nrn Nn
Date
mm/ddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
{tb/1000 gaQ
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
Bf ! x !9!
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
pb/acre)
(g) _ {io)
Start rime
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (Z)
0 of Sprinklers
operating
Flow Rafe
(gal/min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (a)
Volume
per Acre
(gaVacre)
.E.
a
-7 fi{
,
Crop Cycle Totals I _ I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) T,� Cy f , T,)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate. Technical Guide Section 633.
z Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Facility Number
Irrigation Operator -> 1 + , , C%
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # l : r . I :: r i . r. �} c
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type �P P t _I Recommendod PAN Loading T-
1 rf\" ° ` (lb/acre) a (e) .�
1 2 3 4 (5 6 9 9 10 11
Irrigation
m , PAN Applied Nitrogen Balance
Field #
N. - Oop.1,S r Or;.cam
�o hr►3S IQ
Date
mMdd/yr
Waste Analysis PAN
(lbl1000 gag
(iblacre)
f81 x f41
1000
(lb/acre)
(B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Minutes
Tut
(3) (2)
p of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gal/min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volu a
per Acre
(gal/acre)
M
A
Y'i R t�
' l 0
3.0
t D
� U -D
L! y DU U
tn3`�i S
:3 r7
D
.?
1211212
n-07a
2-1)0
12.0
0 0
49n(-0
f,,� _r
�,
77 z
r
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals �, 41 "> 00 0 I � L4.
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
z Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM !RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owne(s Phone #
0, 1 Field #
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator Au' J Qnr s -
Irrigation Operator's
Address f1hi(7, �e 19 9 NIL .
Operator's Phone # C� I t) . r'1- ct
$ P, Aq 5 . 5 04Ax.-
d(Z ,S +?
(� bl 6,5i�C•
- q LA g 3cl r-1
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
Fes c- Ublacre) = (B) J Q
(1) (21 (31 (41 (51 (Al r7l (al 131 1101 fill
Dale
mm/ddlyt
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ibll 000 gad
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
B x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance:
(lblacre)
(B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
p of 5prinMers
Operating
Flow Rale
(gatfmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
M _
A
t l 3 4
l: o o
3b o o
l A o
a'
0t100
I. 2,
. �I
G
t yN9
1'•0c)
Do
c
a�.
-700
2 0 0
4 000
�13
L+ a1 -
I . Z
L
I Izo4gt.
lb'3o
tiZ'30
)ZO
LIS 00C)
$ %�7
,
I
8,
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
I I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Secllon 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM iRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field.Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
S
7
Facility Number I I -
Irrigation Operator t tit ". (A rn
Irrigation Operator's
Address (Y\-1 C, fl c) 1-,1,C
Operator's Phone #t +-. 0 - (-
From Waste Utilization Man
Crop Type _ Recommended PAN Loading
2 S i (Iblacre) = (B) 50
r1) (21 (3) (41 (4 (Ki m (Al (91 (Ini fill
3 1 Field #
2 r? 7 ` AC. (1P i
P o%SE A Ri
s N.0
S' 2 ci `1
Date
tnrrVddNr
Irrigation
Wasle Analysis PAN'
(Ib►l000 gaQ
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
(8) _x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acre)
(B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
9 of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
NaU+�)
Total Volume
(gations)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
iL
A
(11s Rio
..L15
1'3
11 4
sa00LP
0. 000
10.3 1 a
O.
In q
4--
'30
90
o
q. Oo
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

I� � � IIIIIII� � � � IIII� IIIIIIIIII� � � illy■ � IIII� � � I� � �
FORM I'RR-2
.7
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Feld # I Lj Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A) f5i Q (a ti-
p ��
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # I Operator's Phone #
IO�ial
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN loading
pblacre) = (B) 0
r71 - [Al M Pat M Inl 101 r1n% rill
Date
mm/dd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib/t 000 gaq
PAN blAcre}ed
Bt x O
100
Nitrogen Bralance =
M - 00)
Start Time
End Time
Toga!
Minutes
(3) - (2)
pot Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Sale
(gaUmirl)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (a)
volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
�
A
ltlz�
Iz`
I.140
�p
2_-
300
4zo00
7000
Ill -E-9
LA "IS
VAS
SID
7
zoo
000
q o00
30. Z.
Crop Cycle Totals ! _ 1
Owner's Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
z Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM Ir tR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
s Field #
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator F1 J', cf a
Irrigation Operator's
Address t- 6 . �Y' to 0 N c .
Operator's Phone # `3t0 L{ 3 9 _ i!
QA ; e W., S gA( ei
Pup J+
IU C .
1 - � ?
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
e s c vZ (iblacre) _ (a)
m 121 (Al 141 rs rt;% 17"d 1A% M rim till
Dale
mnydd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
Ob/]000 gal)
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
8() x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acre)
(B) - (10)
Stag Time
End Time
To1�
Minvles
(3) - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Raie
(gal7min)
To(Volume
(gallons)
g
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
_ M
A
1 I 70 �iG
1'.00
"i
3 ov
7 oa
I . a;-
1
+117-n 5
11-gS
11.oS
-SO
2-
300
48 0o0
i o
3S-A
U68KIt,
Z:Ip
Z 'o0
110
7
y,l 60U
Crop Cycle Totals I I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (1 t) following each irrigation event.

FORNORR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
,Tract # Field # Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A) va. _
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
([blase) = (B) S
r11 r21 f31 rat rat M r101 r111
Date
mrNddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
{Ib/100D gaq
PAN Applied
(iblacre)
(a) x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lblacre)
(B) - V0)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Miinules
(3) - (2)
# or Sprinklers
O
Operating
Flow Rate
(gatlmin)
Total Volume
(6) x (5) x (4) {gallons}
Volume
per Acre
(gaVane}
A
! #
z: o
00
aov
111191,11.
17:to
I;q0
U
"000
s g
Crop Cycle Totals
Ownees Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
z Enter the value received by subtracting column (10).from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 1• M M M
FORM IRR-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Feld # I 4zZ A .-dFacility Number I -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owners Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading r
Qblacre) = (8) J
rat re► rst Ia, M (M M flm fill
Date
mmtddlyt
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib11000 gas)
PAN Applied
(rolacre)
t3 x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance
{lblacre)
(B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin)
Total Volume
(gallons}
(6) x (5) x (4)
volume
per Acre
(gaUaue)
M
A
'
:0U
L4' io
`] 0
300
�2bdb
7
9-1
:)'00
3: t--,-
b
300Do
10595
1.5
(297
'.OU
wou
0
qz)
z
l
10
ISO
Lis-S00
.-27 D
9x
,.
J
1-2 } -7
9 :3)
o
v
D o0
( 1 9
2
3 q-I
3-ao
y • IS
ES
0
000
4 0
,
9 : sf
300
3G00 v
14931
r s
IS
. N
D
Z
366
S b00
,
.2Yy
1'30
/►-30
/Zo
Z
zS
5 000
397
14_
Crop Cycle Totals I I
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
%Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
'e value received by subtracting column (10) from (S). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.
1

FORM iRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 9 Feld # dmA3 Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator .11lA 0 3 C> J 0" tv 5
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone # 9 1 tb • '-: S l-(rf
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading 0
(Iblacre) = (B)
111 121 1141 rat 151 (Al rn (Al IM (101 I111
Dale
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(1b11000 gal)
PAN Applied
pblacre)
g x 9
1D90
Nitrogen Balance =
Oblacre)
(B) - (1D)
Start Tame
End Time
Total
Minules
(3) - (2)
p of sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVmin]
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gatlacre)
�I _
A
-Zh q rl
1: oo
: os
300
'5 00(
3 U Z
s g
3 i
13 iq'
.,-IS
'.00
r7.S
1 Z
30c)
kiS 000
q
, (a
3. 3
°I-7
3.L15
.10
0o
DOD
(o
S g
a
Ll 1A
1 2' 3V
1 ' 3u
o
Z
Zoo
7 00
3 zi 7
y ?
Z:OU
O
DO
ODU
! 109
1
Z 11S`7
)21:5S
Z_10
7S
DU
L ncJ
G(I
3'• 5
S' IS
C)
a
0
9422
-5
3 1- 9-
Yoo
.
c)o
00
5 0oo
q
b.
_o
5
75
1Z
O0
(o
a
C11z11-7
1 v
3.-10
1 ZO
Z
jdS
000
397
. S`$
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Ceili6ed Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
'Ste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
'le received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M M M
FORM 1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # L Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owners Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type _ Recommended PAN Loading
(HVacre) _ (B} 4
M r41 On (Al r71 101 rat n n% r1 11
Data
mmlddlyr
frrigatian
Waste Analysis PAN'
pb/1000 gal}
PAN Ia)
8 Y 9
1000
Nttraghlere,nce
(B) - {10}
Stan Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
Nor Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) Y (s) Y (a)
Volume
per Acre
,
(gal,acre)
iL7
A
SS-
1Z :
a1.1421
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
Nste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
%1e received by subtracting column (1 D) from (B). Continue subtracting column (1 Q) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

1t■r t•■ r� Ir r r r ■r r r� rr r r r� r r rr r
FORM iRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field 9 S
Field Size (acres) = (A) . 7Z
Farm Owner
Owners Address
Owner's Phone #
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator O
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone €t
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
Fe I Wacre) = (a)
111 r91 fat ref rcl rn M ral M fin% fill
Dale
mnVdd/yr
Irrigation
waste Analysis PAN
(lb/l000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
8 x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance:
(lb/acre)
(@) - (10)
Stan Time
End Time
Total
Minuses
(3) - (2)
rr of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVrnin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) - (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
_Q)_
p
9 -7
260
: S0
360
,3G o6 o
coca
, S
-7.
'i:oo
-:Ds
2-
300
o5
► L,
\onASS
:16
Zbo
3J, �_�
1, 2-q193
i 1
(S
7 '
00
AZ, 000
1.
S.
o `7
14:10
,�d
2
700
2DUU
3-3
31 3
3 !q
14.5o
:Sb
Soon
r
30
3: 10
11Q
o t7
1119
0
1130
ZDO
4 000
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
'Haste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
-Rlue received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M M r M
FORM Ina-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Feld # taQir q Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) _ (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator A V Z 1' C
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type U ' - Recommended PAN Loading
�; PWacre) = (B)
!11 r21 131 141 On Irl M rat r41 (101 (t11
Date
mMddlj�r
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
(lb/1000 gag
PAN APpred
(lb/acre)
(Mr f9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acre)
(8} - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin}
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaL'acre)
M_
A
1;101-7
30
.50
60
• o
y (SOU
Doo
5
05
3:c7S
(Do
Zva
UoU
DDo
l
3 0
JIT5
S
Z_
y 3
z
�3d2.
Crop Cycle Totals I I
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) foliowing each irrigation event.

r� rr r r� rI r rr it r r � r � rr �r l• r r
FORM [RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
'tract # Field # A.11 7T Facility Number
Field Size (acres) = (A) { .
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
(Iblacre) = (B)
IY1 19i IQ7 fey rn ray M rat 141 trot r141
Dale
mmJdd/yr
Irdgatian
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib17000 gaE}
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
_fat x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance=
(Iblacre)
(B) - 00)
SIaR Time
End Time
Total
minutes
(3) - (2)
# of sprinklers
Operating
Flow Hale
{gatrmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
{garrotte)
M_
A
J ) Z
-1 O
100
628 DVU
3S
Z
�,(
�1tg c"
5"0v
L4
Z
200
oov
,3 3
°. .
ro °t-i
Li 5
L1S
Z
00
-2N DO
00
2
O.
3
1 '11
12'SS
2.-oo
Z
oa
(� O00
L4I
y a7
:sue
tD=zu
go
ov
000
75"00
q.
q
f '.SO
3.30
ibO
7
zoo
paa
K. 333o%.
�{•
Crop Cycle Totals I 1
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
-)A Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or ARCS Estimate. Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
`he value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

----.a..__.a�.- - -a �- a■�--�---a---a a� a■ as a� a■ � a� � ■i■� • � a as
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # a I Field 9 �.
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner It
'.-
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone # c') 10 S 9- t/`32 J.
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator 0 A < 0 0
Irrigation Operator's
Address n - '. C, . 1 PAi0
Operator's Phone €i f v 3 Z r
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN loading
�� 5 C v L (lb/acre) ; (B)
111 121 (11 rd1 N1 191 M (Al ra► (7n7 f711
Date
mnVddfyr
irrigation
waste Analysis PAN
jlbl7000 gall
PAN Applied
[lb/acre)
(8) x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acre)
(B) - (10)
51art Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
# of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVrnJin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Arse
(gallas7e)
A
f y ?
: 30
• I S
4 0•
05-
0-E0
ay 7
W-10
l : Lo
1 1 10
S00
to r7 g0
I . -
31.1
I 9
1 Z' ti
OP
I S 0
Z
%SOU
Crop Cycle Totals I _ I
Owner's Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
NICDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Seci1on 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (3). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

L ir~
P,S
R5
Fonm IRR-2
Tract #
Field Size (acres) : (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
- �.. yMftw
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crap Cycle
Facility Number
Irrigation Operator
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan y^1
Crop Type _ Aecommended PAN Loading`!
(i5lat;re) = (B)
r11 i21 Ml (Al M1 ra` M rn1 rat rsnl r�a�
Dale
rnmlddfyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
{[b1t000 ga3j
_
PAN {blacrel)ed
1l3t_K 19}_
100D
Nitrogen tvacrae)nc9'
(B)- (7Q}
Start Time
1=nd Time
Totat
Mirulles
(3) - tzy
li or sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(90min)
Tots! Volume
{gattans}
(6) " t5) Y (4)
iioiUme
per Acre
(gaUacre)
_
R
,Zdl'i
" q5'
`,4S
e2 t7
2
4 7
91 as
!moo
a5
ao
f
y.
:oo
lo--00
j 1 0av
U.
`7
Ownees Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycte Totals I I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.

M M M
FORM IRR-2
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Facility Number I I -
Irrigation Operator
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's. Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crap Type _ Recommended PAN Loading
Qblacre) = (9)
r11 (71 171 rat rci AM rn fai 105 ftrn It IN
Dale
mntrddlyr
lnigation
waste Analysis PAN'
{rb/l000 gar)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre}
_(8) x (9)
100�0
Nitrogen Balance =
(lblacre)
(B) • (10)
Star17im8
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3} - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gal/min)
Total Volume
{gallons)
(6). x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
{gatlacre}
Q
A
7
9 b
WEE
i
Z S
�7 Z So
101
� zZ19
) =30
1' a
Rn
2_
zzs
000
7 oo
12.0
�r
/
�—
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
I1CDA Waste Anayiysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2 Lagoon. Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # 7 Field # `7
Feld Size (acres) = (A) , g
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Facility Number
. Irrigation Operator
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
1 A I 1 � S C v e_pblacm) = (B) _O
ill 121 f31 f41 r5l 19% rn fRl fat finl rill
Date
n��dd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
(lb/S 00o gat}
PAN Appfied
(lb/acre)
8: 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(Ib�acre)
(B) • (10)
Start Time
End Time
Tolal
Minutes
(3) - (2)
0 of Sprinklers
operating
Flow Rate
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
A
o.,-7
q .30
tl:00
90
o-
3(e 900
J .g
T.SS
53a h `J
Ix-ob
11,ZD
sro
Ca
aos`
s 91
I--fo
Ir-so
0
2oS
3 Z od
8 3
1.5
Z
Crop Cycle Totals L_ I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
:CDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
-nter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) followina each irrinafinn P%,n„f

MMM
Am M MM-MM M M
FORM !RR-2 Lagoon irrigation Fields Record
:One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract N
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone 9
j Field 9
Facility Number
Irrigation Operator One S
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone #1 / c/
t
Fe Q:M S
-c)
!, Q
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading +,l
1. f pblaue) = (e) J (C!!
fi) (21 r31 fat MI (91 fin fRt tat ftol fill
Date
mmlddiyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib11000 gal)(B)
PAN Applied
x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(tblacre)
(B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3)- (2)
If of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(galJmin)
Tnlat Volume
Total
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gatlacre)
M
A
7bg
9 - `{
11.00
Sr
A
Crop Cycle Totals I i
Ovrner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operators Certification No.
'asle Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM iRR-Z Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field .per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A) 7.3
Farm Owner ,, , ri4+em -i irrigation Operator AV i - 3—of3—o,j e
Owner's Address trrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Q�e �' �I2 Recommended PAN Loading
! (1blacre) = (9)
fit 121 M rat Mk rfn rn [Al rcti 11M rnl1
Date
mrrt/ddlj+r
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
{Ib/7000 galj
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
(8) x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance '
(lb/acre)
(B) - 00)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Winutes
(3) - (2)
# of Sp rinlclers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5} x (a)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
_M
A
7 16 47
3 co
:.30
/So
.� =
� —
G `� s�
H
Jq
I : tY
a: l-j-
60
aZ
aQS-
00
91�197
:IS�
y (s
o
z
z Z5
c, 0(1
397
8
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
. to Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate. Technical Guide Section 633.
�e received by subtracting column (10) from A. Continue subtracting column (10) from column (i 1) following each irrigation event.

M = M = M IM M ■■I m . = = M r ■■■ M
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
3 1 Feld # ,3
Facility Number E- _ 1 -
Irrigation Operator AJ% lid- Ta, r3
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone #
•7.
RS
IRS
R5
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
�2 In.�� T (fb/acre) = (B) O
(1] f2] 131 f41 19l FRI M M (M fi0) fill
Dale
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Ana is PAN'
(tb/1000 gat)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
B� 1�[91_
10D0
Nitrogen Balance=
(Ib/acre)
(B) - (70)
Start Time
End lime
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
# of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
(7)
A
-7 a5
1o:oc)
: 3 0
/ a
aS
(n7Sb0
9. AIq(11
9 7
2 '
4:3
/33
v
-
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
ate Anaylysis or Equivalent or NFICS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
le received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field #
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone # -rim
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator v1 Ja c
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # 10- 4 -i{
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type f } Recommended PAN Loading
Ir i pblacre) = (B) c 7 V
ill 19► M M rci rri M rm roi 11 M l t t l
Cate
mmlddlyr
Inigalion
Waste Analysis PAN'
{1b11 Opp gaq
PAN Applied
{tblacre)
f81 x O
1
Nitrogen Balance t
([Wacre)
(B) - {1p)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
f of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
V
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
_j__)7 ,
A
5-7
'0 Q
3
3 G 90O
131
• 7
q1
M-79
9,00
woo
l..]n
a2os
49 � o
(.833
a.L
- o
;I .
by
I S
aas
(D So2V.37
81
Crop Cycle Totals 1
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
`e Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
g received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M. M m m M M IMI== MIM M M m m m m
FOAM iRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Feld #
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator PA V • C/ r-
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # /O - d I/
�r�i j rr4,2 r,�s
1 1- io - c1 q 97
L R
Liz
L2
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
1r1� r I� v pblacre)-(B)
r11 19% fa► (s% fS1 t9% M MA r91 r101 r111
Data
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib/1000 gal
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
(8) x (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance=
Oblacre)
(B) - (10)
St
Staff Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
0 of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gal/min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) Y (4)
volume
per Acre
(gaVacre)
�
A
7 Is
1.2.00
•r -
JOs-
�zos
9�
r-
) o
'7S
o
3 7, o
U
v
o
c1
Z oS"
O
2
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
� I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
`9 Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
'4 received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.
t

ruRM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Feld # J
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner „ rvt
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Facility Number -
irrigation Operator N v r d r+r
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # to c 1. 9 - Ll tt L
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type y� - Recommended PAN Loading
fit 191 rm fnt M rn rn rM rat Hnl fill
Date
mrryddlyr
Irrigation
_
waste Analysis PAN'
Ob11000 gal)
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
0 x g
1000
Nltrpgen Balance: _
Qblacre)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3J (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flaw Rate
(gellmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6)•x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
-fa-
A
30
6. '3 d
=
�S
o o
Ia, va o
r
is • G41.
Al
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals )
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sedon.633.
2 E�Ier the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). - Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

i. _. -No Illllllllllllf M M IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIf LJ_
FORM IHR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #
Field #
Facility Number
Irrigation Operator P/7 : !i n r -
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # /0
,
fJ t , . „i d
C1` 1p Ci y S a -1 `�
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
,Lj ,ptip rr s C (,. (tblacre) = (B)
111 121 114% 1dl MI rat M n11 10% fin) fill
Data
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
(lbl1000 gag
PAN Applied
pblacre)
- fHl r< 191
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(rojacre)
(8) - (10)
Slarl Time
li
End me
Total
Minutes
(3) - (Z)
# of Sprinklers
pperaling.
Flow [date
(gavmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6),- (5) k (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gavacre)
-IZL
A
-o
a, l5' 7
Zl
rS
a
at
S36,qQ
o
SLl
G.
7,
97
S,°o
9,30
90
oI
ai
a
LO
�2 1a,
>
ro:+s
II '.I
o
A05
2 0o
la
/ga. r
:'45
1 0 • LI S-
(, o
Z
-2-ooa
$
3•S1
qI .
J 11
•3b
5.15
S 1
a
Z2-�
0 -a50
o
U
g.
I-X,9
Do
LI--riS
fl -
'2
?7 SY
0 n2 -
00q
I . 2
O
l
10- 30
t
Z-
ci
j- ioo o
7av
1
8 -
1 •°IS
9'30
ID.1
Z
I K4 1�0
14aLi0
)2 Uri
t' ob
lDD
2
L Z S
c� �QOb
Z!
$I7
1
3 Icjs
Ll oa
' act
L10
L-IU S-on
Sy1$
D
4-
I S3
tZ"is-
I•oo
CIS
ZOS-
111rtSb
c qfl
I•
7 Z
1 :`•
;1O's
4iil rr')
So
I
! to
ov
�_
%�''L
I EC.Y)(t)
ifJyl,ti
1-t)V
Crop Cycle Totals I i
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
ICDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon t 33.
4er the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B)..Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

.r�.•;.,ar;-_ r �■ l� r r lllll� r r � . r r _ ■■■ r r I■r ■� ■�
FORM IR_R-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crap Cycle
Tract N Field # L
Field Size (acres) = (A) 4.
Farm Owner N. G Pus v13 f7w v-, ,
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone a
X5
'_9
.Q S
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator q\jiC� r1Q
Irrigation Operators
Address
Operator's Phone N t `l 3itq-
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
Co-, pblauel = (B) 2
f11 001 Ml 1E1 r{1 rn1 M (Al Icy fen% fell
Date
mrrVdd/yr
Irrigation
waste Analysis PAN
(IW100D gal)
PAN Applied
(iblaexel
IM x (91
100f)
Nitrogen Balance t
(lbfacre)
(B) _ (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3} . (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Operating
Flow Rate
( gaVmin)
Total Volume
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaVacre)
L)_
A
Wq,6I
D
I
'y
•IS
o
qon
2581
!• r7
JY.5
ja0
�}1ZgbtS
lo'.tj
12 .1 r
1-10
7,5
514cloo
S
• 50
Crop Cycle Totals I i
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
knter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

y_ J
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
r bne Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #! 3 Feld H 3
-Field Size (acres) = (A) )
Farm Owner hn S
Owners Address
Owner's Phone ## 4 I o - 0, Ll - 7
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator ,Pv,-c/ f ne-5
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone ## qio - U 0, • eAl d rf
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type ! - Recommended PAN Loading
t} 1110#1 r' sc -t. {tblacre) = (B) - Z 2 5'- -
ril PA 111 Iel IC% lG1 M M1 ray rtrtl rill
Date
mmldd !yr
Irrigation
waste Analysis PAN'
(Ibl1000 gaq
PAN Applied
(Ib/acre)
(81 Y (91
1DDD
Nitrogen Balance'
pb/acre)
(B) - 0 C)
Start Time
End Time
Iola!
Minutes
(3) - (2)
A of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Aale
(gallr in)
Total Volume
{gallons)
(6).x (5) x (a)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
A
o)
3 -• 1
& A S-
$0
S
21,000
oci
214..
11 tlr,
'.70
o
ii
20
1
17`
1•' t'i-
.0
cWL;S--
2 ,z 9a
: ou
: 0
to a
3369
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aDa.
t 4 g
1I'Lts
),00
Zoe
7 D
Z
�.• ,a z�
y>
I
9 t.
I z b 9
r. t
3-. I
b o
?t�
O0
3 Z
(P. 8
I Q0. 0
1-30.9b
ll:oo
12:0u
(ao
2
?0s
)(k(do a
q 01� 21
)
I A 3.
z z 900
Lr.yt,
S:SQ
70
L
27S
ISO 0
51t
5b Fran
5
rb0.7
i$
11'.I~
ll.-1S
GO
!.
f"o r
�• tl �.00
L403 Z
1.7
(.. R)
1.73
itli�8
!i'-oo
1;c-oo
to
2
20
Li(,00
LIC)
ZIA nU$
b
3 rs I�i�,
I0,.e�
11' 30
qb
Z
2oS
3(a,�t0o
60Oq Cl
1--7
a
�lot
11=n-,
• b
n
2.0a
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33( 0
312Z-hob
0
2'1-5
Q-70 0
L4H A L
o
U
W.
205
S 350
cri
1
1
/33
Crop Cycle Totals I_ I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
�NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
'rater the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FbRM 1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 8 Feld
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner G . P oru l 15 ,vyn, j
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone
Facility Number - LL J
Irrigation Operator 0,9v,.-1
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # --)!A - q_S - L C
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading ^�
(13) C 5
ell 191 lz1 1A% rn rat M rRt M% r101 1111
Dale
mmlddhT
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
(lbh 000 gal)
PAN Applied
tmlacre)
x g
t00D
Nitrogen Balance'
(Iblacre)
(�� - 0 0)
Start Time
End Time
Total
tdinotes
(3) - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6). x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
_Q_
A
10 r /4-7
/ :no
'-vb
f
rt.�j
S{1 OOU
0"0
S
r J
1 rl 7
1 '04
'.00
- 000
00
I, lit, P-7
10-60
!,i'of.)
10t
-205
4 0o
f
F1
1 91
'A,3a
(o:n
Ctb
1.
C7 J-
%I,,`firOf)
SIZ,
1
{�
--Ia- S
".ou
L ov
u
i
Crop Cycle Totals II
Ownefs Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1CDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sedon 633.
ler the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M
1
FORM 1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract N Feld #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner I'l 0 -put d r 'a 4-0 n, S
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone # 1 (I
Facility Dumber
Irrigation Operator j--47 Vr T4YlP
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # /U - 4, ? 9 - 4i f-I2 V
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type )j - Recommended PAN Loading
/ h r�? - f Fr ' C t/ {f5lacret = (a)
fit r)k fm re% -% rat f-A rn7 rot f4M N11
Dale
mrt1/ddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(lb11000 gan
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
(131 x (91
1000
-
Nitrogen Balance=
(iblacra)
(B) - 00)
Startlima
End Time
Total
Mlnutas
(3) - (2)
if of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6)•x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gatracrei
M
A
�.�.0
7Sb
Z
Z-05
.D07.
IV(�.(,tq-1
i•
'1
o
2-
205
1492O6
I q
l•
1
II11z19-)
!a•iyj
I•136
1i0
Z
2;�S
4L7'70V
00
i--10
.Ota
1-oo
o
Z.
ZO
(b b
�, i
7
l- o `va
1,t5
C!5
Z
20
i43 Sb
LUM
2 I Z
I D
7: (0
LDS
Z
-z C) ,-
2-• boa
514(Al
1. 7
1 f
2oS
2 tto�v•
�fl
IS
S 11, 1ci$
1' b
2.11
4
ZoS"
aLl 50
L)IOU
• 7
4 -
U 3 6
(-V 00
ID-. u
L1
Z
ZZ
h5�?
U)0
SO
4- S
1 I U (a
y
'30
ID-.ou
0
7
ZD
D
-7
1
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
ICDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section -633.
'er the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B): Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

r r r■r rr r r r r r r r r r r rig r r■ rr rr
Cow
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # & I Feld #
Field Size (acres) = (A) Ll
Farm Owner lJ
Owners Address
Owner's Phone ff 41 t) • -1 A. t
L. lZ
1A
t, 2
L-K
Facility Number -
Irrigation Operator Sul J oirY
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Operator's Phone # C� I o q 3
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type j `� r - Recommended PAN Loading �--
` V n T F(.s f- + nblacre) _ (B) Z J
111 121 f31 M On Im M /R1 f91 (inl fill
Dale
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
Vb/l000 gal)
PAN Applied
pblacre)
is) x 19)
1000
Nitrogen Balance!
(Ib/acre)
(B) - 00)
Start Tlme
End Time
Total
Mlnules
(3) - (2)
ffofSprinklers
Operating erati
Flaw Rale
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6). x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
-M-
A'
(or�.•11�1�
fa.00
11.3o
Ci
Z =
aaj`
3G.quo
P.
,
r(s
is.
2 os
3 o
8 .
3
Ll.00
IJ
;_I'
26S
-7 O
1-0
!�
I/
!
1 r.
fl- OU
ri'. D U
(n )
?
?.. U�
ZZi ., oo7
511U0
r
Z
30
1 z 'bb
z
o
D
lob
1 70•
I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
'NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section B33.
ter the valve received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I j

rr r� r rr ri r r�r r■� r rr r r r• r �r r r r i
J
FORM 1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Owner's Address
Owner's Phone #i
Facility Dumber -
Irrigation Operator rir°
Irrigation Cperator's
Address
Operalor's Phone #i ;+
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
pblacre) _ (B)
rt1 (A M rs) rct rrt M rat (Q% not rt11
Field
-),J- `lilt; ) v". %
Date
mrNddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Anatysls PAN'
pbJ1000 gal
PAN Applied
(tb/acre)
x g
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lblacre)
(a)-(10)
Stan Timo
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) • (2)
I of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Hale
(gavmin)
Total Volume
{gallons)
(6).x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
[gaUacre)
_P)
A
bJ ,7
00
(0,06
Uo
I
av;
Ikq,)oo
1. 3
17,3
/01YD
�1�,?
l . >
i : ov
"- ,-
a7
) S
30 Z<0
5
I
/.3
11, 1
.� .
-Ib
N
_IL1
•3
/, \
16
71.Jf� 1`tr�,
7 1il
{ O
0
7
e' CAS
-'c) '.�'JOD
i i 1
I •
3
q) 4 =i U
51 7.
% -
r'
9A
r=('bu
%y0
u 0
l._
.2US.
! ,Liy••f7L1
SIS
I. `7 y
.r-7
.
( 'i;;
.41 Z `N
11 1,11
J* I
S
0
Crop Cycle Totals I i
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No. -
VCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sect(on 633.
'ter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

Fonv IRR-2
Lagoon irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # Facility Number-
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone It
Rif
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
f l (�4 RESC tl L- (iblacre) = (a) I i=
7 t i h, 193
rm i�l I,% rep 1e — -1 101 r1rt1 1111
a. .volume
Waste Analysis PAN' M;
111
PAN Applied
' 111
Nitrogen Balance
1 •
Operating
MEM
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon .633.
` Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) frorhi column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM FRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract N Feld €i Z Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A) 71
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone it Operator's Phone ii
From Waste Utilization Plan •
Crop Type 1 I^ Recommended PAN Loading
T F[ Scut p5lacre) = (a)
r11 121 1141 rat Im M rat tql rim rill
Lit
Date
mmIddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
pb11000 gal)
PAN Applied
(16Jacre)
8 x B
1DOD
Nitrogen Balance'
Wacre)
(B) - 0 D)
Start Tlmo
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (z)
p of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6).x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
(7)_
A
5
A' Z
14• D
160
y b
lasses
•
z
f.00
I -00
Z
2
-v
o `
zn
) y
a .
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
\ICDA Waste Anaylysis or Egtiivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
ter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) followingeach irrigation event.
4

� � � � I♦ � � � � � � � � I♦ � I♦ � � 1♦
FORM !RR-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
3, Feld
N
Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
114 .1
Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone H
Operator's Phone #
t11 M
From Waste Utilization Flan
Crop Type l Recommended PAN Loading Za
owacre) - (a)
rat rst rst fM M rat r41 t105 f7 11
Date'.
mmlddlyr
lrrigalion
•Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib/1000 gal)
PAN Applied
Ob/acre)
(�Y (9)
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
pblacre)
M - 00)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minules
(3) - (z)
N of Sprinklers
operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6)_x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
M
A
r'-
n
Q0
Z
ZZs
obv
-S
'
T
?r
2:oo
4:oe-)
IZo
2Za`
d 0 o
B8 Z
7
8 g
:;a
0
zos
oo
a
Crop Cycle Totals I i
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1. NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Seclfon 633.
.tter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

rr �r r� ■r r r r r� ■r ■r rr r ■r ■r r �r r r �
Foam Ine-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
111 en
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crap Type T# Recommended PAN loading
pb/acre) _ (B)
rn rwt In fet rn M1 rot lint it11
Date
mm/dd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(lb/l000 gaq
PAN Appiled
(Ib/acre)
8 x 9
t000
Nitrogen Balance
(lb/acre)
(H} - (l0]
Start Time
f nd Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
# or Sprinklers
p
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin}
lu
Total Volume
(ganons)
(6)x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
(7 _
A
)ONE
•v
ZOT
1
Z
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owner's Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
t, NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section fi33.
'•lnter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M
FORM IRR-2
F-5
CA
f.1?
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field
#
Facility Number -
Field Size (acres)
Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone #
F
Operator's Phone #
M f91
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type ! J1 Recommended PAN Loading
ii 1 [ C O f !!,e (thlacre) _ (8)
131 [Al fri MIN rn ra% rai 11n1 f111
Date
mmlde
irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib11000 gal
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
,8) x (91_
1000
Nitrogen Balance =
pblacre)
(a) - V0)
$tart Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
# of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
{gal/min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(g) x (5) x (A)
Volume
per Acre
(gal acre)
A
5 Zz
:Oo1,200
5o
A4
41 ou
:uv
Zv
OS
`t
-/0
CpS.�
�}11
Oo
1 : 3U
JSo
1Ui
�Ub
�_-v
2 - _
its
Crop Cycle Totals I I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
i NCDA Waste Anaylysis ar Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event,'

IIIIIIIIIM M .M M IM MIMI M MM,MIIIIIII�
FORM IRR-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Feld # Facility Number
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone N Operator's Phone #
fil MI
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading O Q
,i I �� Fr S Cue (Iblacre) = (B)
1.11 141 M rA% 11A fRl (Al (101 fill
Date
mm/ddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(lb11000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
g x g
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
pblacre)
Start Tlme
End Time
Total
Minules
(3) - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rare
(gaVmin}
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6)•- (5) Y (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
JZ_
A
ID .3o
Z'
Z Z
7. S
S
,05
L19 ZOO
Crop Cycle Totals
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
� I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
`nter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (S). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M G M M M M r M M M M M: M M M M M M M
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type _ Recommended PAN Loading L
(lblacre) a (B)
III 1A I'll rei rCIA rrti M rat (91 f1a1 M 11
Dale
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
pblS OOO gal)
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
(61 x�0
1000
•
Nitrogen Balance'
(Iblacre)
Start Tama
End Time
Total
>USinvles
(3) - (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flaw Rate
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(5). x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaUacre)
_M
A
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals l 1 1 _ 1
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
`ICDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
.,4r the value received by subtracting column (10) from (e). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M M M M r M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
FORM_ 1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 4 Fleld H Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone If
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN loading `
¢blacre) (B} '
rn rat rnt ret rat rst M rat M rim r111
Dateitof
mrrtldd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib11000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
8x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance*
(Iblacre)
(B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes9
(3} (2)
sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(M.x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Aare
(gaUacre)
- ,
A
ra
2-:30
z:3o
too
Ds'
L&100
? ©5
10.
a 3
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals -
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
',r the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M i i i i i i f i i i i i i i i i i
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract N Field N Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone N Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
(iblacre) _ (B)
ftt (A ell 141 fm rKt 171 m1 f41 flol rill
Date
mm/dd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysts PAN'
Ob/t000 gat)
PAN Applied
(Ib/acre)
(81 x (91
1000
Nitrogen Balance=
(rb/aere)
(B) - (10)
Slart lime
End Time
Total
Minules
(3). (2)
M of Sprinklers
Operating
Flaw Rafe
(galfmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6),x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
fn
A
w
5: oo
(do
z
4 00
1.3 toi6 to1
� -7 • r7
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature Operator's Signatuee
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysls or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
'+r the value received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

�r r r r r r r r rrr r ■�■r �,�, ■r
r
>r=OR M.1R R-2
Lagoon irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract ii Field # Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A) ACE
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone 9 Operator's Phone #
r1t (21
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type r�� G — Recommended PAN Loading
i S (lblacre) - (B)
VA) 141 MV Ma rn M [At (101 (111
Date
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
Qbl1000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
g x g
1000
Nitrogen Balance =
Qblacre)
(B) - 00)
Stan Time
End Time
inureTolal
Minutes
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Hate
(gallmin)
Total (gallons)
(gallons)
Voiume
per Acre
{gallacre}
A
a► ��
/0000
. "o
o
JOY
►o L
4
a o
0 0
.2
ao
Crop Cycle Totals l _ _ _ j
Owners Signature
Cer ffied Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Secflon 633.
2 Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

4+2
Fo_RM MR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # a Field # Facility dumber -
Field Size (acres) = (A) y.
Farm Owner irrigation Operator
Owners Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone N Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading Fes '}
CU< (iblacre) = ($) OS S
111 121 Ill M fS1 rat M MI. 191 Mal fill
Dale
mm/ddlyr
Irrigation
•Waste Analysis PAN
(Ib11000 gal)
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
(81 x 191
1000
Nitrogen Hatance'
(lblacre)
M - 00)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
N of 5prinlriers
Operating
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Tota! Volume
(6),X (51 x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
M-
A
Jas
Z
23J
q> a
a1.313
o.ry
�•9
aa�. t
13
u
y
.v
/,YIar
.a
lo•g .
aD
1
I. ,2
1
�I
Crop Cycle Totals
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anayiysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
2 Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.
V

` �M--
:�, flbhM JRR-2
M
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract Field # Facility Number
era z.ize (acres) = (A) r
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owners Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone It Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading aas
FP-Sc ve- pb/acre) _ fe)
rtl f91 111 ref rc, fir;, n, m, ral 11M 1111
Date
mrrdddtyr
Irrigation
Waste Anatysts PAN
{fb/1800 gad
PAN Applfed
(lblarxe)
(81 x 191
1000
Nitrogen Balance
pblarre)
(B) - 00)
Start Time
End rime
Total
n
MiWes
(3). (2)
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(b).x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(ga!lacre)
_M
A
135
3s
6,3450
0,�o
o ►ter
r 4
/ ,f 1M
al45
IQ: lJ
.210
2
2 25
9q,500
l y
..2
'Y/7 A
10:t15-
•P0
r S
-2
-702
87 5a
Iq SS
2
17.
187.9
,y I q 9
o
:30
l50
.z
_?aS
s So A
011d
1..2
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
I NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 833.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

DRM !RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract I'f L4 Field H Facility Number A -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone 4 Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
P cue (lb/acre) _ (B)
!11 1?5 !'11 1e5 III M - mt fQl 11 Ill 1111
Dale
mnl/dd nT
(aigalion
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ebl1000 gal}
PAN Applied
Macro)
(B) x (9)
1000
Nilrogen Balance
(lblacre)
(B) - 00)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
# of Sprinklers
operating
Flaw Rate
(gal/Min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6)x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaUacre)
M
A
1.99
o
Ll 0
Ga
z 2
v? ,17aaa
,
,
/ 8
.267
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
.:ertified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
.DA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section # 33.
ier the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

MMMM
FORM iRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract d Field a Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone N Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN loading
pblacre) = (B)
rt1 rot rat M rct rri rn rat IM trot rt tl
Dale
mMddlyr
irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(lbi1000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
8) x (g
00
Ntlrogen Balance'
(]blacre)
(B) - (i0)
Stan Time
i nd lima
'rota!
Minut
Minutes
(3) - (2)
11 of Sprinklers
Operating
pperaling
Flow Rate
Total volume
(gallons)
(6),x (5) x (4)
volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
_i0
3 17-lLiCj
10!14Y
12:15
Gr'0
v2.3_-
ya30a
8403
.0
P
h-71
!l-30
1'0o
q0
2
2-S
�IZ3a�
2163Z
0.�r-1
1. Z
as -?Co
.,DO
I1'60
a
L
ZZS-
R1000
I e. S3o
-A
.8
0
Crop Cycle Totals I
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
? Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.
l

i M M
FOAM IRA-2
� � r r, rr rl �■ ■� � � � r �
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # Field # ELFacility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A) t/
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
(1) (21
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
�S GUI Qhlacre) - (B)
131 141 rs5 191 CA !Rt (91 fi01 I111
Date
mmldd/j r
lrrigalian
Waste Analysis PAN'
¢hlt 000 gal(9)
PAN Applied
(lhlace)
x M
10Qa
Nitrogen Balance =
phlacre)
(B) - (10)
Stag Ttme
End Time
Iota!
Minutes
(3) - (2)
# of Sprinklers
Operas ng
Flow Hate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons}
(6), x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Ace
(gaVace}
Sal
A
!r qM
12:00
l ' oo
(o.o
Z
Z 3s
a .zoo
6.:26(o
•o.ry
a
41? 9'}
Z,30
q' ego
lio
z
zz "
q0, ,500
9000
/. a
12/-3T
/kalR
I2.:00
1
75-
Z
22S-
o
7 a
Crop Cycle Totals
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No. T -
l NCDA Waste Anaylys)s or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate. Technical Guide Secilon -633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract # `% Field # Facility Number
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone # Operator's Phone #
From Waste Utilization Plan -
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
!�-SCur (Iblacre) = (f3) -Sw
M rot f-11 let IRA rr% M nU ICA f101 (Ili
Dale
mm/dd/yr
lrrigaiton
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib/1000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
�_
��
1000
Nitrogen Balance =
(Iblacre)
(a) . (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minvles
(3) - (2)
!I of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gal/min)
Volume
total (gallons)
(6),x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaUacre)
M
A
-?.'IS
: o
'75
a d
D. l y
. 3
a7a3.'7
IY 2Z
1)13o
ia:qo
o
72-5
3),500
87 0
/ 2
c,.?/3-A
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals j _ _
operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate. Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.
I—.__._.__-. --- --- - -.. .

M M M M M m m m m� M M M M M M r
-,0Ra1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract H Field 11 Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owners Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone H Operator's Phone H
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading
C.SLur2 (tblacre) - (B)
r11 121 111 141 151 1R1 M MI 191 1101 f111
Data
Wgallon
1. Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ibl10D0 gal)mwddlyr
PAN Applied I
(lblacre)
8 x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance
(lblacro)
(9) - 00)
Start Timo
End Time
Total
Minuses
(31 (21
0 of Spdnitlers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(gallons}
(6)•x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
[ga1lacre)
-AD—
A
95
o Q
o
z.
9 300
,2 i-
' Crop Cycle Totals 1 - .1 1 I
Owner's Signature _ _ Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
--ter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column' (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

M M M M M M M M M M M M M
FORM !RR-2 Lagoon irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 4 Field ff Facility Number -
Field Size (acres} = (A}
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone 11 Operator's Phone tl
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Typo - Recommended PAN loading
uL Wave) = (e) r7)- 1
nl 121 Ml r4% rat IM rn m5 r9t rin} fills
l7afe
mnVdd
Inigalion
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ib/t 1300 gaE}
PAN Applled
(lb/awe)
8 x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(Iblacre)
{B) - (10)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
0 o! Sprinklers
operating
Flow Sale
(gaVmin)
Total Volume
(ganons)
(6). x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gaVacre)
fn
A
i a
t2'-00
SOD
Ifto
q
t159
1'.40
2,*-3p
I Ct(2
Z-
!�9
9
Owners Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals l i I j
Operators Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
�nter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Traci q Field 0 Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone fl Operator's Phone f/
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type — Recommended PAN loading �^}
CSC UL (Ib/acre) - (s) I
111 (2) r31 (4) f51 f61 M ret (9) 1101 fill
Dale
mm/ddlyr
Irrigalion
Waste Analysis PAN'
(lb/1000 gal)
PAN Applied
(iblaere)
t000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acro)
(B) - 00)
51arl Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3} • {2)
p of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
{gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6). x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
�7 _
A
ltillq
11'-�)o
1.00
gO
Z
23s'
23oa
23,560
• (a
G•L
b. fir' .
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I _ I I _, I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
1 NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Secilon 633.
-rater the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

�r rr r r r r r r r �r r� �r �r r�■ r �r r �r
FORM (RR-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract #
Field
N.
Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone ff
Operator's Phone N
ft1 (21
From Waste Utilization Alan
Crop Typo f=e 5 � Recommended PAN Loading
C pblacre) : (e) G r
{31 f41 151 I61 01 IB1 f91 (101 (1 11
Data
mMdd/yr
lrrigalion
waste Analysis PAN'
y
(lb/1000 gaq
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
181 Y r91_
Nllrogen Balance'
(Iblacre)
(B) - (10)
Start Timo
End Time
74fa1
Minutes
0 - (2)
A or Sprinklers
Operating
g
Flow Hale
(gaflmin}
Total Volumer
(gallons)Uacre)
(6),- (5) R (4)7]_1000
lume
Acre
LA
23-S
'77
z to
• 49
/U.
/ 91: "-
0195
LI'Do
0:45-
14
2
105717
r (05
S
Crop Cycle Totals I I I
Owner's Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
1. NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate. Technical Guide Section 633.
'nler the value received by subtracting column (10) from (13). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

WE on
FoRm IRR-2 Lawan trrioation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract it Field 0 Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner irrigation Operator �
Owner's Address irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone tt Operator's Phone #
1JI-R
ftl (2)
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type _ Recommended PAN loading
L�
i e (lblacre) . (B) 0
IM 141 M% (tl M rill !91 l501 f11]
Date
mrn)dd%yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
(Ibli000 gal}
PAN Applied
Oblacre)
8 x9
1lowg
Nitrogen Balance'
(lblawa)
(M - 00)
Start Time
End Time
Total
Mlnuies
13l ' t2t
N of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Bale
(allmirn)
Total Volume
(galtons)
tst. x (5) x t4!
Volume
per Acre
(gavacre)
....a_
A
a
220
u.au
10o
Z'-
Z S
4170ao
ot+-v
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I I I I
Operator's Signature
Operators Certification No.
�C4A Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sect]on 633.
•titer the value received by subtracting column (1 Q) from (t3). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

r r� r� r r rr ■r ■■■ rr r r r r� ■■r r r
FORM IRR-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 11
Field
fl
Facility number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone 11
Operator's Phone W
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type r — Recommended PAN loading j
J �� (lblacre) = (B) � r �•
131 1`41 f51 fr1 f71 fal f91 f101 f1 11
Date
mnVdd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
(Ib11ODD gal)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
(8) x f91
10of]
Nil rogen Balanco'
(lblacro)
Slam Time
End T1mo
Total
Minuies
k of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Halo
(gal/min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(61 x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
�7}_
A
l `7 4
; Lf
i`D
Z 353Z900
/ S
Crop Cycle Totals 1 i I
Owner's Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
'\ter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

� =MMMMM =M-==
FORM 1RR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 11 Z Field # Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A) tt.3
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone 9 Operator's Phone 1f
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type yy yy _ Recommended PAN loading
m 1 ! t t C C (Ib/acre) - (a) 17 Z
111 971 197 1a1 M rati M rat M f i nl fit %
gS
L eZ
UZ
f-L?
Date
mm/ddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysts PAN'
(tb/1000 gal}
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
1131 R r91
1p0D
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acro)
(B) - {t0}
Slart Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
M - P)
0 of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
IgaUmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6).x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gavacre)
J7 _
A
9 99
gi'3o
3'.00
330
Z'
z3s
lea
ola
oCo
1
7
1 . 4
4:-3-5
110
2
235
910
/ 40.
01
1' zo
y'.3a
c�o
2-
2 s
03ZO
/
.�
7. 1
I q
tiZ•. -k
%Is"
ISO
Z
z
D fl
3CiS
�G 2
Crop Cycle Totals J
Ownees Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anayiysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectlon 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column'(10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
RS
RS
le S
t t`
t_ R
tP,
Tract ft
Field
If
Facility dumber -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
1
Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone !1
Operator's Phone H
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type `�� Recommended PAN Loading
i
f tie r C flblacre) - (a) Q
r31 (41 151 ref ("A rR1 rat (1r11 rill
Dale
mmlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
(Ibltpop al)
PAN Applied
(lb/acre)
__let x_(91_
1000
Nitrogen Balance'r
(lblacre)
(0) - 00)
Start Time
End lime
Total
Minutes
(3) - (2)
0 of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmtn)
Total Volume
(gatlons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
M
A
GI'7 qq
1 'ora
3' v
150
Z
23.5
70ao
l
.0c.
S b�
10:00
Z'30
-170
Z
Z 3s
Rbr7
0
, OG
J• 2
L 1
i 1 Nr
Z'J r
A)0
Z
23r
qf7DO
ot.
1.0
11 IS'
Zs'"
c250
7-z
3S
11750
117 aka
/.
�a3• I
M71
V D
410
1 z J
Z
z s
v
7-
t,/. r7
9
Ownees Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRGS Estimate, Technical Guide Sectjorl 633.
2 Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (H). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

� IIII� Illllllll� � � � � illy � � � � Illlll� � � illy IIIIIIIIIII� IIIIIIII� III
Foam Ina-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract f1 Field 11 Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone 11 Operator's Phone N
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Type - Recommended PAN Loading I qo
!! 7-e-s W c- I (lWacre) = (e)
(13 121 131 (41 151 IM m f91 (91 (tot rill
�S
RS
C�
LR
Data
msq(dd/yr
Irrigation
Waste Analysts PAN'
(lb/1000 gal)
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
fBt Y t9l
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(lb/acre)
(B) - (10)
S1ar1 Time
End Time
Total
Minutes
(3) (2)
k of Sprinklers
OPerating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6).x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
fgatlacre)
-Q..
A
IT,
)) IOU
1,0()
1 z.0
z '.
2.3s
54400
31333
1.9
5- O.
zr g-11
9'.U5�
1.yS
120
z
S
6 oa
133
•6(.
/.&
e,
6,co
ID:aa
I ZD
2
.1
IA jq5
2-.,00
3-.-30
CID
Z S'
4146O
23-SciD
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals L
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
I NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate. Technical Guide Secilon .633.
2 Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

FORM IRR-2
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 11
5 Field
1I
Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
L4,
,
: Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owners Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone H
Operator's Phone 11
(1t f21
From Waste Utilization Plant
Crop Type `` yy Recommended PAN Loading
I� {iblacre)
131 fA1 irl (Al M rat IM 11 n► n I1
Date
mrnlddlyr
Irrigation
Waste Analysls PAN'
(lb11000 gal}
PAN Applied
(lblacre)
(61 x (91
i000
Nitrogen Balanco'
(Iblacro)
(B) - (10)
Start T1mo
11nd Time
Total
Minules
(3) - (z)
H of sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gallmin)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) % (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gal/acre)
�
A
1
5'.30
iz10
2- '•
235-
54 400
1.1.510
, 0s-
10, S''
z
R:SO
IZ'.Llo
t90
2
Z35
°I oo
I Z 2.jq
/•4,
1
607
uS
11- o-v
i s
Z 35,
y
C) 41
1&
1 U0.
12 IDA
'-DU
O
90
L �
Z U
32
. (o
1126-11)
q
Ilei y
.l5
lz'oo
IbS
z
Z3S-
517
1
/.
�S-
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I I I
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
I NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate., Technical Guide Section 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (B). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

= M = = = M M M = M M M M �
FORM IRR-z
�s
�R
lZ
[R
Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 11
Field
#
Facility Number -
Field Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner
Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address
Irrigation Operator's
Address
Owner's Phone H
Operator's Phone N
From Waste Utilization Flan
Crop Type Recommended PAN Loading
1 e " cue-1 pblacre) - (B) . Z
rr► re+ rc+ IM M m+ r45 rim fill
Date
rydd mr!yr
irrigation
Waste Analysis PAN
{IbJSpoo gal)
PAN Applied
(Iblacre)
a x 9
1000
Nitrogen Balance
(lblacra)
(B) - (tp)
Start lime
End Time
7olal
Minutes
(3) - (2)
p of Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(gaUmin)
Tota! Volume
(gallons)
(6),x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(ga1latre)
M_
A
-20
9,0()
11•'30
1 'a
2 =
2.3.E
2000
& 6
q
1961:.�
uo A
1. 3v
3 :00
q D
z S
4-� 00
�JD
1 • l0
(1) n
1)
1z.1
a
Z 3S
oo
/oyy
�.�
. -7
/G
4�
7
Z3S
70c3
a1933
I. G
0
/o?
Owner's Signature
Certified Operator (Print)
Crop Cycle Totals I I I -
Operator's Signature
Operator's Certification No.
t NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or MRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
z Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (8). Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

ri r rr rr � r ■r r r r r r� r■ r r r r
End Exhibit-.27
FORM IRR-2 Lagoon Irrigation Fields Record
One Form for Each Field per Crop Cycle
Tract 11 Field 11 Facility Number -
Feld Size (acres) = (A)
Farm Owner Irrigation Operator
Owner's Address Irrigation Operators
Address
Owner's Phone 11 Operator's Phone II
From Waste Utilization Plan
Crop Typo }} i Recommended PAN Loading
pblacre) _ (B) =0
(1) (2) (3) 141 151 r61 M rill 1`41 (101 rill
1?S
LP,
Date
mrrJdd
lnigation
Waste Analysis PAN'
{lb/i 000 gal)
PAN Applied
(161acre)
_ al{ x (91—
1000
Nitrogen Balance'
(tb/acro)
{B) - 00)
Start Time
End Time
To1a!
Minules
(3) - (z)
H or Sprinklers
Operating
Flow Rate
(9al%min)
Total Volume
(gallons)
(6) x (5) x (4)
Volume
per Acre
(gallacre)
M
A
zq 9g
rT
7-35-
y2.300
11760
0
.2
2' D
3'.LI
7S
z
L3�
`o
$ lc1 Ic�
Ip'.3t7
I V D
, ZJ
Z
5
o
{a
!
G'3o
to=3a
IzC)
Z
23k
Q n0
Crop Cycle Totals L- -- _ - j I I
Owner's Signature Operator's Signature
Certified Operator (Print) Operator's Certification No.
i NCDA Waste Anaylysis or Equivalent or NRCS Estimate, Technical Guide Section 633.
Enter the value received by subtracting column (10) from (9)• Continue subtracting column (10) from column (11) following each irrigation event.

�1
E'Al
DETAIL A
TYPICAL END HYDRANT WITH AIR RELEASE AND DRAIN VALVE
(INSTALLER TO CONFIGURE AS DEEDED)
Hose To Drain
6 Inch Valve And
Cap Assembly
Air Relief helve -
PVC Adapter
Flush Mount,
Valve Box
• s III----1
= • III=1
u ' iTl=III=
• � III=I�I
III=III=
I1I IIkIII
Corcrete Thrust =I 2 Inch
Bloch _ I- Thr-ended
III=��I Dr-oin
III '• '' !II=-111lII-1III 1
Valve11=
, (Drain is
-111=111 11I= Optional)
III= =III=ITI=1l
III=111-111�III ' III�' III ;'�I11.� PII-�' Ili �'"III';". III'�III
6 Inch PVC Pipe
IRRISATION SPRINKLER
COVERAGE ram.
R
315 FT.
100% MFG. SPECIFIED DIAMETER
ILLUSTRATED aTHIS CIRCLE
PRESSURE AT 60 PSI.
90% MFG. SPECIFY DIAMETER
FOR CAWMP WETTABLE ACRES.
USED FOR ©QSTING SYSTEMS.
SINGLE PLLLS.
LEGEND (ALL SYMBOLS MAY NOT BE
USED ON THIS DRAWING)
WOOOEDL Y. or N0ft- Arrn AREAS
.e,
U FARM OWNU) BL DN3S OR STRIrTLRES
i BROKEN LIE LSE STREAM
. , SETBna< LIMITS OR WETTED AREA HERS
PIPE CONNECTOR - AEOVE GROUND
+ sTQ- aN CART R.LL WW
w - LPE arr OFF VALVE
• VALVED R;ZATFON Fn/o W4TS - 4 N>
O VALVES] FJWAT M KYo WaS - 6 NCH
D ORAN PORT
Z VM4 ATE TH:LST BLOCKS M Na=
6 W�1 PW PIPE SLFtM
WETTED AREA IUCATEN PATTERN
PULL TRACK of GUN CART
A PRaKnm Ate' RELv�- vALvE
EA EXESTRC AIR FOJEF VALVE
WATER WEu. AND IM FOOT SETBACK
C < uRANArm WAY DR STEEP
T TRi-&- ON VALvE A vAOLLN
ffiR1'C3AT M PUW LOCAM&
qb Puy LM OR CAP OFF PONT
0 400 BOO 1200
SCAL-E IN F-EET
SCAL-E IS AF=FIROXIMATE
This menp was developed From several other maps and
aerial photogrophs.
DISONS
CREEK
RIVERSIDE FARM (CL"OSEL)
CAWMP WETTABLE: ACRES DUE TO IRRIGATIJ \
AT RIVERSIDE FARM = . ' . .
FIELD * 7 = ?.07 ACRES */-
I nL UAwMH WL ( TABLE ACRES - 7.07 ACRES
PROPERTY
TOTAL CROP LAND AT THIS FARM = 35 ACRES +1- B D U N D A R Y
LAGOONS \
DRIVEWAY
RIVERS7RJ,,,�MF'
Eh3V'.. 52 ft.
NEWF;D*3A0IIIIIIIIIIIIII
r
j-- - NEW ma PVC gutty
NEW V '
_
1
f
_
Riversic 6 F
rrtQ ation G
V El$'
Elev. 82 f t. !" Elev. = 87 ft.
Elev. - 96 f L.
NORTH
SR# 1543
SR# 1565
FARM ENTRANCE
LITTLE RIVER FARM
CONFINEMENT
HOUSES
o
V
V
.4
,r_8 @.
f t.
CARCASS DISPOSAL
CONTAINER
LITTLE RIVER
i IRRIGATION PUMP
� Elegy. = 80 f't.
1J
ROADSIDE
!DI CH
\ ` SR# 1543
DISDNS--=--,�
CREEK SUGGESTEP BUFFER FROM HIGHWAY AT 100 FEET
ytitiirrrpl
:Q4
SEAT. s
•
1 •
REGULATORY IRRIGATION SET -BACKS OR BUFFERS
F
FROM WETTED AREAS
` 2E FEET FROM PERENNIAL WATERS +
0 FEET FROM ANY PROPERTY BOUNDARY +
2S FEET FROM PL13LIC ROAD RIGHT OF WAYS +++
' 100 FEET FROM WATER WELLS (ON AND OFF SITE)
200 FEET FROM NEIGHBORING HOUSES [DWELLINGS)
0 FEET FROM DRAINAGE DITCHES ++
0 FEET FROM RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY BOUNDARIES +
+ = 100 FEET RECOMMENDED
++ _ 25 FEET RECOMMENDED
+++ = 50 FEET RECOMMENDED
NOTE: THIS SWINE FARM WAS BLULT BEFORE 1994. SETBACKS ARE
SHOWN FOR THIS FARM BASED ON THE ORIGINAL FARM SITING.
• 1.6
Q2
m
MIN. WATER ELEVATIONS AT THIS FARM
L.R. Lagoon #2 elevation LWL = 70 feet
R.S. Lagoon #4 elevation LWL = 44 feet..
All elevations care rough npproximot.ions
and relative to each other.
EXHIBIT 6 NOTES
[11 This drawing is intended to illustrate basic on -site
conditions and a ysicol layout of the wostewnLer sprn
irrigation areas P'01-r Riverside Form near Mount Gilead. I
Certain items illus trated on this drawing are symbolic and ere
not intended to rrepresent exact dimensions. The irrigation
system is existing.
1
(21 This drowing is to serve only ns on illustration For the
reviewer and was not done by a surveyor. The engineer is
not responsible for the property layout accuracy or exact
boundary lines indicated on this drawing. The North orrow and scale
ore opproximote. This drawing is not to be used for property lime
verifications or similar purposes.
[31 Above ground and underground utilities ore not shown on these
drowings but should be located prior to ony soil disturbonces.
[41 Areas to receive animal waste must be maintained and kept in good
condition. Irrigotion patterns shall be as close os possible to those
illustrated but some minor changes due to operintiQnal r-eohLy is
expected. Animal waste shall not be applied more than 30 days prior to
planting o crop or 30 days prior to a crop breaking dormancy.
[51 Spro�L. zones and animal "Facilities" shall honor, all boundary set-�bncks
established by regulotion. Set -books shown ore suggested ns minimum
based on the siting dote for this form. All set-b ticks ore listed in the
written specs. The former shall be responsible for measuring all
in -the -field set -becks, making sure they meet the reguIntions.
[6) All onimol waste shall fall inside the buFf ers shown. The operator shall
all times allow for wind drif t. Spray irrigated water shall not, be allowed try
impact oFf -site land. Surface run-off` oF soil or waste is prohibited.
[71 The Farmer/operator shall make every effort to operote the system
as designed, using good judgment when in operation . Weather conditions
and crop needs racy cause some voriotion in normol operation but the
basic purpose. intent, and sof ety of the system must be maintained.
The farmer may substitute components if they meet or exceed the
system design specifications.
[81 During irrig. ©tion events, persons and onimols shall be ke t out of
wetted areas. Sediment end erosion shall be controlled on off areas
receiving animal r nnLire.
[91 The owner(s) of this pro ert y is advised that all animal waste irrigation;
systems must hove n certified operator to supervise operation of the
system.
[101 The irrigated fields care shown by pull lanes and are ns close to octuol
size ns reproduction would ollow. Each pull lane is shown of full diomete not
CAWMP Netted Area. Some occasional fringe wetting of treed areas on Field
borders is can operational reality.
[111 The boundary set -backs From occupied dwellings. churches. property
lines. etc. are approximate. These set --backs are shown here to give
the reader enerol guidance. A surveuor sh©t ,rl I,P �m�--,1 �, ,�� tv • ---'r. .
set.-'ooci-ecs it the t ormer is unsure. Housing. churches. streams.
etc. shown on this Exhibit were taken from older mops on d aerial
photographs and From any other observed on -site conditions.
[121 All elevation measurements shown are rough approximations based on
topo maps and on -site measurements. Elevations are shown relative to
each other and were nct taken From any bench morl- .
[131 Droin ports f cr winterizing +-He irrigation system care not planned For
this worm. However. iF ever installed. put drain ports on the lowest
points of the irrigation system. Open the upper hydrants when droining
the system. ❑o not cllow drained effluent to run of'F-site.
[141 Proposed irrr? gotion patterns ore from en Hobbs Reel Rain Hord Hose
Traveler Model 2400L. Ir-rigetion circles are shown using a Nelson SR150
with in 1.18 inch ring operating of 60 psi and 225 gpm.
EXHIBIT 6
THIS DRAWING PROVIDED BY:
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING APPROVED BY:
SERVICES LARRY F. GRAHAM. P.E.
WAU,eW0WTER&1Ks"1-i1fteK1WeCNLEXISTING IRRIGATION LAYOUT
FOR THE RIVERSIDE FARM.
PaBODC 4?�, Aril NIL 2 OWNER: N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
PHONE: [phone] FAX: [phone]
DATE:
2--4-00
SCALE:
AS SHIN
DRAWN BY:
-IILDA B. GRAHAM
REVISED:
- i