20190317 Ver 1_Ph I Architecture Survey Report_rev 10-12-18_20190308

r6111Piedmont
Natural Gas
PIEDMONT NATURAL GAS
ROBESON LNG PROJECT
ROBESON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Phase I Historic Architectural Survey Report
Prepared by
III
October 2018

PIEDMONT NATURAL GAS
ROBESON LNG PROJECT
ROBESON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Phase I Historic Architectural Survey Report
Prepared for
Piedmont Natural Gas
Prepared by
Environmental Resources Management
3300 Breckinridge Boulevard
Suite 300
Duluth, GA 30096
Mary Beth Derrick, Principal Investigator
Report prepared by Mary Beth Derrick, Megan Wiginton, Larissa A. Thomas, Ph.D., and
Jeffrey L. Holland
October 2018

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
ABSTRACT
This report presents the results of the Phase I historic architectural investigations for the proposed
the Piedmont Natural Gas Robeson LNG Project (Project) in Robeson County, North Carolina.
The Project will include construction and installation of a 1.6 billion cubic foot liquefied natural gas
(LNG) peaking facility. The facility will have the capacity to vaporize 260 million standard cubic
feet per day (MMscfd) of natural gas and liquefy 10 MMscfd.
The proposed Project encompasses a 687 -acre tract along NC -71 between Wakulla and Floral
College. The Area of Potential Effects (APE) includes a 0.5 -mile buffer beyond the 687 -acre tract
to encompass areas within line of sight of the proposed facility and landscape changes due to
clearing of vegetation or other impacts associated with the construction. Surveys were initiated
as due diligence, and to fulfill the Section 106 compliance requirements under General Condition
20 in the event that a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers wetland or waterbody permits would be
required for the undertaking.
A total of 17 historic resources were examined during the field survey work documented in this
report. ERM recommends that none are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................1
METHODS....................................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND RESEARCH...........................................................................................3
FIELD SURVEY METHODS.............................................................................................3
NRHP EVALUATION........................................................................................................3
HISTORIC CONTEXT...................................................................................................................6
HISTORIC PERIOD..........................................................................................................6
European Exploration and Colonization................................................................6
The Colonial Period and the Revolutionary War...................................................8
From Independence through the Antebellum Period.............................................9
Civil War and Reconstruction..............................................................................10
PostbellumLife....................................................................................................12
Modernization in the Twentieth Century..............................................................12
RESULTS...................................................................................................................................15
PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT.......
15
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FINDINGS................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
NEW SURVEY FINDINGS..............................................................................................15
RB0697...............................................................................................................15
RB0698...............................................................................................................16
RB0699...............................................................................................................17
RB0700...............................................................................................................18
RB0701...............................................................................................................20
RB0702...............................................................................................................
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RB0703...............................................................................................................
23
RB0704...............................................................................................................
24
RB0705...............................................................................................................
25
RB0706...............................................................................................................
25
RB0707...............................................................................................................
26
RB0708...............................................................................................................
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RB0709...............................................................................................................
28
RB0710...............................................................................................................
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RB0711...............................................................................................................
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RB0712...............................................................................................................30
RB0713...............................................................................................................
31
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................33
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................34
APPENDIX A — PROJECT MAP DEPICTING RESOURCE LOCATIONS
APPENDIX B — RESOURCE FIGURES
APPENDIX C — RESUME OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Summary of Resources in the APE
LIST OF FIGURES
.........................................................................15
Figure 1. General overview of Project area..................................................................................2
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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of a June 2018 Phase I historic architectural survey that
Environmental Resources Management (ERM) conducted for the proposed Piedmont Natural
Gas Robeson LNG Project (Project) in Robeson County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The Project
will include construction and installation of a 1.6 billion cubic foot liquefied natural gas (LNG)
peaking facility. The facility will have the capacity to vaporize 260 million standard cubic feet per
day (MMscfd) of natural gas and liquefy 10 MMscfd. The proposed Project encompasses a 687 -
acre tract along NC -71 between Wakulla and Floral College. The Area of Potential Effects (APE)
includes a 0.5 -mile buffer beyond the 687 -acre tract to encompass areas within line of sight of the
proposed facility and landscape changes due to clearing of vegetation or other impacts associated
with the construction. Project design has not been finalized, but the LNG tanks are expected to
be approximately 100 feet tall. A 15 -acre exclusion zone between CR -1316 and Gum Swamp was
defined where no construction is planned; however, this area does not significantly affect the
viewshed of the Project and is not further referenced in this report.
The Phase I historic architectural survey was conducted as due diligence to identify and evaluate
historic properties that might be affected by the Project. The cultural resource investigations were
conducted in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended.
Section 106 consultation seeks to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects on historic
properties deriving from undertakings sponsored or permitted by federal agencies (36 Code of
Federal Regulations [CFR] Part 800.1). The lead federal agency for this Project is anticipated to
be the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which would have permitting authority under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, in the event that a wetland/waterbody permit is required for
the Project. The documentation and recommendations in this report will assist the USACE in
complying with the provisions of Section 106.
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
For the work covered by this report, ERM surveyed and assessed 17 previously undocumented
resources. ERM discusses all 17 of these resources in this report, and offers firm National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility recommendations for each resource. The locations
of identified historic resources in the APE are depicted in Appendix A. Of the 17 resources
discussed in this report, ERM recommends none eligible for inclusion in the NRHP.
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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
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Phase I Historic Architectural
METHODS
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Before field investigations for historic resources were initiated, a file search was conducted for
previously -identified historic resources, along with properties listed in or nominated for the NRHP,
within a one -mile buffer of the proposed Project. ERM completed a literature and records search
by reviewing files maintained by the North Carolina State Historic Preservation office (HPO) in
Raleigh. The goal was to identify known historic resources that occur within one mile of the Project
boundary, to collect information on previous investigations in the Project vicinity, and to anticipate
the types of resources likely to be encountered in the region.
FIELD SURVEY METHODS
An APE is defined as "the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or
indirectly cause changes in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist"
(36 C.F.R. § 800.16[d]). The APE for the current Project includes a 0.5 -mile buffer outside of the
687 -acre tract. This includes areas of potential indirect (visual) effects with a potential view of the
proposed Project, or landscape changes due to clearing of vegetation or other impacts associated
with the construction. Thus, the APE extends into areas surrounding the Project containing
historic resources within line -of -sight of changes that will derive from the proposed undertaking.
The APE is depicted on a USGS topographic quadrangle map in Appendix A.
ERM architectural historians surveyed properties determined to be 50 years or older in the APE.
Each resource was photographed and marked on the applicable USGS quadrangle map. Digital
photographs were taken to record the structures' overall appearance and details. Sketch maps
were drawn depicting the relationship of dwellings to outbuildings and associated landscape
features. Additional information on the structures' appearance and integrity were recorded to
assist in making recommendations of NRHP eligibility. Observations were limited to what could
be obtained from the nearest public road. Sufficient information was gathered on resources to
determine eligibility for listing on the NRHP, and what effect the proposed undertaking might have
on a resource determined to be eligible.
Resources identified in the current field effort were reported to the HPO. Survey Site Numbers
(SSN) were obtained, and shape files and database information provided.
NRHP EVALUATION
Sufficient information was collected to make recommendations for each identified historic
resource regarding eligibility for listing on the NRHP. According to 36 C.F.R. § 60.4 (Andrus and
Shrimpton 2002), cultural resources eligible for listing on the NRHP are defined as buildings,
structures, objects, sites, and districts that have "integrity" and that meet one or more of the criteria
outlined below. Criterion D is typically relevant to archaeological sites.
Criterion A (Event). Association with one or more events that have made a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of national, state, or local history.
Criterion B (Person). Association with the lives of persons significant in the past.
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Criterion C (Design/Construction). Embodiment of distinctive characteristics of a type, period,
or method of construction; or representation of the work of a master; or possession of high
artistic values; or representation of a significant and distinguishable entity whose
components may lack individual distinction.
Criterion D (Information Potential). Properties that yield, or are likely to yield, information
important in prehistory or history. Criterion D is most often (but not exclusively) associated
with archaeological resources. To be considered eligible under Criterion D, sites must be
associated with specific or general patterns in the development of the region. Therefore,
sites become significant when they are seen within the larger framework of local or
regional development.
"Integrity" is perhaps the paramount qualification of NRHP eligibility and can be related to any or
all of the following (Andrus and Shrimpton 2002):
Location: the place where the historic property (or properties) was/were constructed or where
the historic event(s) occurred;
Design: the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of
a property (or properties);
Setting: the physical environment of the historic property (or properties);
Materials: the physical elements that were combined to create the property (or properties)
during the associated period of significance;
Workmanship: the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any
given period in history or prehistory;
Feeling: the property's (or properties') expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of the
period of significance; and
Association: the direct link between the important historic event(s) or person(s) and the historic
property (or properties).
Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious
institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original
locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and
properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years shall not be considered eligible
for the NRHP (Andrus and Shrimpton 2002). However, such properties will qualify if they are
integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories:
Consideration A: A religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or
artistic distinction or historical importance; or
• Consideration B: A building or structure removed from its original location, but which is
significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most
importantly associated with a historic person or event; or
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• Consideration C: A birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there
is no appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her productive life; or
• Consideration D: A cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons
of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association
with historic events; or
• Consideration E: A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable
environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and
when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or
• Consideration F: A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or
symbolic value has invested it with its own exceptional significance; or
• Consideration G: A property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of
exceptional importance.
Each identified resource was evaluated in relation to these criteria and considerations.
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HISTORIC CONTEXT
The Project is located in a 687 -acre tract in between Maxton and Wakulla, North Carolina. All the
resources that were surveyed in the current field effort are located in Robeson County, which is
located in the southeastern part of the state. The major historical developments of Robeson
County are summarized below in the context of the history of the state and region.
HISTORIC PERIOD
European Exploration and Colonization
In the mid -sixteenth century, more than 100,000 Native Americans are thought to have lived in
present-day North Carolina, with the Tuscarora, Catawba, and Cherokee being the largest tribes.
Many of the Tuscarora lived in the Coastal Plain region, while the Catawba lived in the Piedmont,
and the Cherokee in the mountain region to the west (Claggett 1995).
English, Italian, and Spanish explorers visited North Carolina in the sixteenth century. The
expansion of Spanish exploration in the Caribbean brought their ships to the North Carolina coast
beginning in the 1520s. A Spanish official stationed in Hispaniola commissioned three
expeditions. The first in 1521 explored a location called Chicora near the present-day border
between North and South Carolina, and the Spanish sailors called the Siouan Native Americans
whom they encountered Chicoreans. These were the antecedents of the Cheraw and Lumbee
tribes that later settled along the Lumbee River and Drowning Creek in Robeson County (Powell
1989:30-31; Utley and Washburn 2002:12). Some of the natives were captured and transported
to Santo Domingo to be sold as slaves, contributing to the tribe's disappearance by the end of the
seventeenth century (Utley and Washburn 2002:11-12). In 1526, another expedition attempted
to establish a settlement at the Cape Fear River (which they called the River Jordan), but illness
and starvation soon caused its survivors to return to Santo Domingo (Powell 1988:10-11). In
1566, an expedition headed by Pedro de Coronas bound to establish a mission station at the
Chesapeake Bay was driven ashore by a storm at the northern end of the Outer Banks; the group
explored the Currituck Sound and claimed the land for the king of Spain before they continued
their journey (Powell 1988:11-12). During the 1560s, some Spanish ships returning from Florida
followed the Gulf Stream as far north as Kill Devil Hills before turning east across the Atlantic;
Native American tribes on the North Carolina coast were found to have iron tools recovered from
shipwrecks in that vicinity (Powell 1989:32).
Giovanni de Verrazano arrived near present-day Cape Fear in 1524, having been commissioned
by a group of Florentine and Portuguese merchants in France to locate a new trade route to the
Orient. The Native Americans Verrazano's party encountered treated the Spanish sailors gently
and courteously, and their friendliness was noted by later European explorers (Powell 1989:29-
30).
England's claim to North America was based on the exploration of John Cabot in the late fifteenth
century. Settlement came much later. In 1584, Queen Elizabeth granted a charter to Sir Walter
Raleigh to establish a colony in North America. Raleigh's 1584 survey expedition explored from
a base at Roanoke Island (named for the nearby Algonquin Roanoac tribe) in present-day Dare
County's section of the Outer Banks (National Park Service 2015; Powell 1988:13-14). They
returned to England with two young Native American men, who contributed to the popular interest
in the new land that was named Virginia for Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. Twice the colonies at
Roanoke were found abandoned when new vessels arrived from England (Powell 1988:15-19;
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Wolfe 2011). The mysterious disappearance of the colonists created speculation that they may
have relocated to the village of Croatoan (present-day Hatteras) and integrated with the tribe
(Powell 1989:18-19). Subsequently, the Virginia Company of London created a settlement at
Jamestown, Virginia, in the Chesapeake Bay.
In 1629, the region of North Carolina was part of a grant by England's King Charles I to Robert
Heath, the Attorney General for England and Wales and a member of the council of the Virginia
Company. Called Carolana from the Latin form of the king's name, the grant included territory
between 31St and 36th degrees latitudes, covering the area from Spanish Florida to the southern
side of Albemarle Sound in North Carolina. The charter stated that Heath was "about to lead
thither a Colony of men, large and plentiful, professing the true religion, sedulously and
industriously applying themselves to the culture of the said lands and to merchandizing." But
during England's Civil War (1642-1651), Heath was stripped of all his possessions and fled to
France, and Charles I was executed. Interest in the Province of the Carolinas faded, and the
territory was considered unsettled (Lewis 2007a).
During the Interregnum, the 11 -year period between the reigns of Charles I and Charles II when
Oliver Cromwell ruled England as a commonwealth before becoming its Lord Protector, a number
of settlers made their way into Carolina from Virginia, but none as far south as the Lumber River
basin of Robeson County (Powell 1988:4, 21). In 1660, the English monarchy was restored under
King Charles 11. To reward the noblemen who had remained loyal and aided him during his exile,
the king made grants for a number of proprietary colonies in North America, including the
Carolinas in 1663 (Joyner 2006). In exchange for settling the territory with British subjects at the
proprietors' expense, they had the authority to collect quitrents from the settlers who purchased
land in the colony (Dictionary of American History 2003). Virginia Governor William Berkeley was
among the eight who were named as the Lords Proprietors of Carolina in 1663 (Walbert 2015a).
The following year the territory was divided into Albemarle, Clarendon, and Craven counties. In
1665, the Lords Proprietors asked the King for an additional grant of the "southern plantation"
territory at the North Carolina -Virginia border (Powell 1988:22).
Settlers who had arrived in the Carolina territory prior to 1663 and had acquired their land from
the Native Americans were often resentful of the Lords Proprietors and their intent to establish a
hierarchy of noblemen in the colony. After Virginia restricted the shipping of Albemarle tobacco
through its ports, and the Lords Proprietors directed their governor to prevent Carolina farmers
from the use of extralegal coastal traders to get their tobacco to European markets without paying
British taxes on them (under the Navigation Acts), the 1677 Culpepper's Rebellion jailed the
appointed governor and elected an assembly to develop a fair and consistent system for the
collection of taxes and the operation of government. The Lords Proprietors came to recognize
that they would not be able to control the residents of Albemarle, and that the settlement of
Charles Town, established in 1670 at the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, had a better
harbor; thus they selected present-day Charleston, South Carolina as the seat of the colony in
1691 (Powell 1988:26-29).
The Iroquoian Tuscarora were the most populous and powerful tribe in eastern North Carolina
during the seventeenth century, with settlements located along Coastal Plain rivers (Bishir and
Southern 1996:8). The Tuscaroras' experience with many Euro -American traders had been
negative; Virginia's Governor Alexander Spotswood described it as "...the Clandestine Trade
carreyed on by some ill men", who dealt unfairly in trade with the Native Americans or killed them
to obtain goods, in some cases capturing the natives and selling them as slaves (Hofstra 2004:59;
Utley and Washburn 2002:71). As a result, many of the surviving Tuscarora moved north to New
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York to join the Iroquois Confederacy, becoming the sixth nation of the former Five Nations
confederacy. Those that remained moved to other areas of North Carolina. The present-day
Tuscarora tribal members remaining in North Carolina are centered primarily in Robeson County
(Tuscarora Nation of North Carolina 2013). The Lumbee tribe, comprised of descendants of the
Siouan Cheraws who fought against the Tuscarora, is also centered in Robeson County, with
their economic, cultural, and political center at Pembroke. A school for the Lumbee became
Pembroke State College in 1949 (Lewis 2018a ; Lumbee Tribe 2015).
The Colonial Period and the Revolutionary War
While many of those settling in the northern areas of the Carolinas during the seventeenth century
became small tobacco planters with only a few slaves, the southern part of the colony around
Charles Town developed extensive rice plantations with large enslaved work forces to supply the
sugar plantations in the West Indies (Independence Hall Association 2014). In 1712, North and
South Carolina were divided, and in 1719 the land in South Carolina—with more resources and
more potential for taxation—was acquired by Britain's King George I from seven of the Lords
Proprietors, and it was reorganized as a royal colony (Walbert 2015b). In 1729, North Carolina
also became a royal colony (Powell 1988:35).
Euro -American settlers in North Carolina developed a system of plantation agriculture that used
enslaved labor to cultivate wheat, corn, peas, and tobacco, as well as apples and peaches for
brandy. Timber and forest products from North Carolina's pine forests including shingles, planks,
barrel staves and heads were produced, as were the commodities of turpentine, tar, and pitch
used by the Royal Navy (Griffin 1976; North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources 2014;
Powell 1988:42-43). From about 1720 to 1870, North Carolina led the world in the production of
naval stores (Lefler and Newsome 1973:97).
Settlers from the Scottish Highlands arrived in North Carolina beginning in 1732, with many
settling in the Cape Fear River valley of southeastern North Carolina. Those settling in the
Lumbee basin found remnants of a number of Native American tribes living in the area, along with
freed and runaway slaves. One of the earliest settlements was Red Springs, founded in 1775 by
Hector McNeill (Lewis 2018a). When emigrating from Scotland after their defeat in the Jacobite
Rising in 1745, some Scots settlers had taken an oath to never again oppose the British crown,
and they therefore were Loyalists during the American Revolution (Powell 1988:39). The exiled
North Carolina Governor Martin, in coordination with Lord Charles Cornwallis and British General
Henry Clinton, assembled a force of 800 Highland Scots who were to join British regulars in
occupying North Carolina to suppress the rebellion in Virginia and South Carolina (Powell
1988:62-63). But the Continental Patriots defeated the Highlanders in the Battle of Moore's Creek
Bridge in Pender County in February 1776. The battle was later called the "Lexington and Concord
of the South" and was considered a significant Patriot victory (Martin 2015). Loyalist support
subsequently diminished, with approximately 400 of the Scottish immigrants taking an oath of
allegiance to the Continental forces in Cumberland County in 1778 (Clifton 1991; Johnson 2015).
In late 1776, the Fifth Provincial Congress assembled in Halifax to draft and approve North
Carolina's first state constitution and appoint its first non -royal governor.
Much of the action against the British forces in the first three years of the Revolutionary War was
in the Mid -Atlantic colonies to the north (Heinemann et al. 2007:129). In the area between the
Cape Fear and the Pee -Dee Rivers, an almost equal division of loyalty between the British and
the Continental causes resulted in frequent changes of control of the local government. The local
militia, whose officers and corps changed frequently, were more like partisan bands than a
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regimented military organization (McKinnon 2003:11). Attacks focused on the Southern colonies
began in 1778 with British Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell's attack on Savannah and the
capture of Charleston in May 1780. Royal governments were re-established in Georgia and South
Carolina. Lord Cornwallis' attempts to rally Loyalist support in the backcountry were a failure, and
in April he led his troops to Virginia, expecting to return to North Carolina after taking Virginia.
However, his troops were cut off on the Yorktown peninsula in October 1781 and surrendered.
Meanwhile, in August 1781, Colonel John Slingsby led a British raid on the Cumberland County
Courthouse at Cross Creek (near present Fayetteville) and was holding prisoners at
Elizabethtown in Bladen County. Col. Thomas Robeson of the Continental Army, who resided
between Cross Creek and Elizabethtown, organized a small force of recently paroled patriots and
attacked Slingsby at the Battle of Tory Hole, inflicting severe losses and liberating the prisoners
(Lewis 2018b). The last British troops were removed from North Carolina in November, but
following Cornwallis' departure, armed Patriot and Loyalist bands continued the violence in North
Carolina for another two years, with Loyalist David Fanning capturing North Carolina's governor
and most of the General Assembly in Hillsborough (Howard 2010; Powell 1988:76-80).
The 1783 Treaty of Paris formally ended the Revolutionary War. Also in that year, an Act of
Pardon and Oblivion was passed at Hillsborough by the North Carolina General Assembly
allowing most Loyalists to return home and regain their confiscated property (Troxler 2006).
However many returning Loyalists found themselves ostracized, and some left North Carolina
(Powell 1988:82).
From Independence through the Antebellum Period
In 1787, Robeson County was created from Bladen County and named for the hero of the Battle
of Tory Hole. In 1788, Lumberton, an as yet unnamed village, was designated the county seat.
The town of Pembroke, originally called Campbell's Mills was settled the following year (Lewis
2018a). At the first census of the United States in 1790, Robeson County had 5,326 residents.
That number grew slowly but steadily, reaching 10,000 by 1840 (Forstall 1996).
North Carolina's climate is in the northern range for the cultivation of cotton and rice and the
southern limit for tobacco (Bishir and Southern 1996:11). Following the development of the cotton
gin in 1793, cotton replaced tobacco and indigo as the South's main cash crop (Hatfield 2014). In
North Carolina, cotton exports grew from one and a half million to five million pounds by 1795,
and by 1801 the South produced 48 million pounds of cotton, compared to two million pounds a
decade earlier (Hatfield 2014; Powell 1988:103). The demand for new agricultural land increased,
as did the demand for enslaved labor to cultivate and harvest the cotton (Powell 1988:103).
Timberland that had supplied lumber, turpentine and naval stores was converted into fields for
cotton (Lassiter and Lassiter 2004:71).
North Carolina lagged behind other southern states in benefitting from the cotton economy
because of reluctance to invest in transportation infrastructure. Few navigable rivers and little
road building placed the state and its residents at a serious disadvantage (North Carolina
Business History 2007a). Because of geography and the locations of major ports, much of North
Carolina's trade went through Virginia or South Carolina (North Carolina Business History 2007a;
Powell 1988:8). In addition, North Carolina cotton farmers began feeling the impact of competition
from new cotton fields in the Gulf Coast states, which also led to many slaves being sold westward
to meet the demand (Crow et al. 2006).
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For years, the state's role in transportation was limited to granting charters to private companies
to operate toll bridges, canals, and navigation projects. State legislator Archibald Murphey made
proposals between 1815 and 1818 for providing North Carolina with an extensive network of
canals and navigable rivers linked by good roads, and in 1819, a Board of Internal Improvements
was established (Norris and Watson 2006). In 1818, Joseph Seawell of Fayetteville was granted
a monopoly for his steamship company on the Cape Fear River between Fayetteville and
Wilmington, and he created the Cape Fear Steam Boat Company partnership in 1822. Located
at the head of navigation on the Cape Fear River, Fayetteville was an active port for steamboats
traveling to Wilmington and thence to national and international markets (Horn 2004). Others soon
followed, and more than 100 merchant steamboats plied North Carolina rivers and sounds
between 1812 and 1860 (North Carolina Business History 2007b).
North Carolina also lagged behind neighboring Virginia and South Carolina in the development of
railroads. The first railroad company in North Carolina, the Wilmington & Raleigh (with a station
at Weldon), was founded in 1833, followed by the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad in 1835 (Norris and
Watson 2006). The first rail connection in Robeson County was the Wilmington, Charlotte and
Rutherford Railroad (WC&R), which reached Lumberton in 1860 and was completed to
Rockingham in 1861 (Lassiter and Kennedy 2006). While the railroads were under construction,
a number of wooden plank roads or "farmers' railroads" were also being built in the late 1840s
and 1850s (Horn 2004; Mattson 1987:49).
Prior to the Civil War, Robeson County farmers and producers relied on the Lumbee River to ship
their products downstream to Georgetown, South Carolina. The county produced a respectable
2,300 bales of cotton in 1850, but less than 17 percent of the county's farm acreage was improved
(DeBow 1853), indicating a continued emphasis on timber products. Livestock played a more
important role in Robeson County agriculture than did grains or tobacco. The county ranked third
in the state in the number of swine (47,100), sheep (16,237), and milk cows (5,246). The hogs
were likely allowed to forage on the unimproved land. By 1860, Robeson County farmers shifted
away from livestock to cotton as prices rose during the decade prior to the Civil War. Although
the percentage of improved acres had increased by only two points, cotton production increased
50 percent to 3,467 bales. Livestock remained a major part of the agricultural regime, but the
numbers of animals had decreased in all categories (Kennedy 1864). In the decade prior to the
Civil War, the value of Robeson County farms increased from $1.1 million to $2.35 million. The
population in 1860 was 15,489, over one-third of whom (35 percent) were slaves. The county also
had a large free black population of 1,230, many of whom likely worked in the turpentine or lumber
industries (Walker 1872a).
Civil War and Reconstruction
During the Civil War, President Lincoln ordered a blockade of all southern ports to prevent the
export of cotton and the smuggling of war materiel into the Confederacy. In response to
Confederate blockade running into and out of the state's ports, Union forces under General
Benjamin Butler and Commodore Silas Stringham converged at Hatteras Inlet in late August 1861
and successfully captured Forts Clark and Hatteras, closing the inlet to blockade running. In order
to completely control the waters of northeastern North Carolina, the Union organized the Burnside
Expedition. Ajoint army -navy operation, the Burnside Expedition lasted from late January through
late April 1862 and resulted in the occupation of much of eastern North Carolina as a base of
future operations. The U.S. Navy also destroyed North Carolina's small, fledgling navy,
nicknamed the Mosquito Fleet. By late April 1862, the Union thoroughly controlled the coast of
North Carolina from the Virginia border to the White Oak River. Beaufort became a coaling station
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for the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, thereby making it less difficult for the Union to conduct
interior raids, refuel the blockading force, and supply troops. General Ambrose Burnside also
captured the state's former capital of New Bern, which became the military and political center for
the Union in North Carolina (North Carolina Historic Sites 2015).
While there were numerous small skirmishes in eastern North Carolina during 1862 and 1863, no
major Union military assaults took place until the end of 1864. General William T. Sherman
completed his March to the Sea through Georgia in late December and turned northward to the
Carolinas. The Union high command also turned its attention to the Cape Fear region, particularly
Fort Fisher and Wilmington. By capturing Wilmington, the main source of supplies for the Army of
Northern Virginia, which was entrenched around Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia would be cut
off. Simultaneously, General Sherman marched into North Carolina from the south. He had given
orders to cease the "scorched earth" destruction enacted in Georgia and South Carolina; but as
they proceeded through North Carolina, the soldiers stole or destroyed stores and supplies,
personal valuables, and buildings, and burned cotton and other crops (McKinnon 2003:15).
Raleigh was surrendered to Union forces on April 13. Generals Sherman and Johnston met in
April at a farm near Durham Station to work out the details of Johnston's surrender. This
agreement was finalized on April 26, 1865, thus officially ending the Civil War in North Carolina
(North Carolina Historic Sites 2015).
Although no major battles were fought in Robeson County, residents faced a daunting task in
recovering from the war. Resources and facilities had been damaged or destroyed during the war,
currency issued by the Confederacy was worthless, there were few sources for credit, and
agricultural production could no longer depend on the former enslaved workforce. Families had
lost fathers and sons and were reduced to poverty, and emancipated slaves lacked opportunities
for employment. A tenant farming system developed, redefining agricultural practices and
transforming the landscape (Bishir and Southern 1996:33). Legal and political processes were
developed to "reconstruct" the former Confederate states and return them to the Union. Initially
under the control of military districts administered by the U.S. army, Northern financial and
industrial interests soon sought business opportunities in the South, creating what came to be
known as the "New South" (North Carolina Historic Sites 2015).
The railroads' recovery after the war occurred relatively rapidly with the assistance of the federal
government, which sold off captured rolling stock on easy terms, and repairs were made by the
Union army. Some of the older rail lines were abandoned (Ready 2005:271). From 1865 to 1875
North Carolina's government issued almost $18 million in bonds to 13 different railroads. But due
to inept administration, most of the funds were lost to corruption and extravagant spending. The
WC&R Railroad, which had ceased construction during the war, was revived in 1870, but failed
twice before re-emerging in 1876 as the Carolina Central Railroad Company (CCRC). The line
was eventually completed to Rutherfordton and became part of the Seaboard Air Line System.
The Alma & Little Rock Railroad constructed a short line railroad from Alma south to Plainview in
1883. This line was extended into South Carolina by 1891. Also in 1883, the Cape Fear and
Yadkin Valley Railroad (CF&YV) was completed between Fayetteville and Bennettsville, South
Carolina, through Shoe Hill (renamed Maxton in 1887) in the western part of Robeson County.
The Wilmington & Weldon acquired the CR&YV in 1898, and both lines became a part of the
Atlantic Coast Line system in 1900 (Colton & Company 1891; Lassiter and Kennedy 2006; Lewis
2018c, 2018d).
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Postbellum Life
After the Civil War, eastern North Carolina remained overwhelmingly agricultural, and as late as
the mid -twentieth century, most people in the region lived on farms. However, farming in the
region shifted away from the old diversity of crops toward a single cash crop—first cotton and
then tobacco (Bishir and Southern 1996:35). By late 1865, cotton had again become one of the
state's principal crops, and it remained the state's number one cash crop until 1920, when tobacco
overtook it (Mattson 1987:51). The renovation of older mills and the construction of numerous
new cotton mills in the North Carolina Piedmont contributed to the state's economic recovery
through the end of the nineteenth century (Powell 1988:165; Ready 2005:261).
In Robeson County, however, cotton production fell sharply after the Civil War. Only 2,109 bales
were produced in 1870. Livestock remained a cornerstone of the county's agricultural regime. The
number of swine ranked it fifteenth in the state, and it was the ninth largest producer of wool.
Surprisingly, the county ranked fifth in the state in rice production, owing more perhaps to the
decline of rice production along the coast due to the neglect and destruction of fields during the
war. The value of the county's forest products was over $100,000, ranking it fifth in the state
(Walker 1872b).
In North Carolina's forests, the coming of the railroads and emergence of new markets resulted
in extensive logging beginning in the 1890s. By 1916, only the western part of the state retained
a few pockets of the virgin forest (Ready 2005:274-276). The cleared lands in eastern North
Carolina were converted to fields, greatly increasing the amount of improved farmland. The
availability of commercial fertilizers in the late nineteenth century, along with high cotton prices
encouraged many farmers in areas of the state that were not previously well-suited to cotton to
increase their cotton acreage. This included Robeson County, where in 1900, over 26,000 bales
were produced on about 52,500 acres. The greatest amount of acreage was devoted to corn, at
74,000 acres, but cotton had become a major cash crop (U.S. Census Bureau 1902).
Modernization in the Twentieth Century
The expansion of the cotton economy after the Civil War led to a degree of industrialization, as
northern capitalists invested in textile mills in the South in hopes of cutting transportation and
labor costs associated with shipping cotton to mills in New England. Most of these mills were
located along the Fall Line where rivers dropped from the Piedmont into the Coastal Plain,
providing the power necessary for the factories. As steam engines began to replace hydroelectric
power, mills could be built anywhere cotton was grown. The National Cotton Mills in Lumberton
opened in the early twentieth century, and three mills were in operation in the St. Pauls district
before 1920. The St. Pauls mills faltered during the Great Depression of the 1930s and were
purchased in 1943 by the Burlington Mills Corporation, but eventually closed as the textile industry
moved overseas (Mackie 2018).
Although many farmers benefitted from the growing cotton economy in North Carolina during the
first quarter of the twentieth century, the rewards were much more likely to fall to white farmers
than African Americans, and the tenant system that was established after the Civil War to restrict
land ownership among blacks eventually led to many white farmers losing ownership of their
farms, as well. In 1900, just over half of Roberson County farmers owned their farms. By 1930,
less than 25 percent of farmers were full owners of their land. White farmers were still more likely
to be owners (38.1 percent) compared to black farmers (13.8 percent) (U.S. Census Bureau
1932).
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In 1930, three-fourths of North Carolinians lived outside cities and towns, half of them residing on
working farms. The state had the second highest number of farms in the nation in 1925, but many
of the farms were small and inefficient, producing tobacco, cotton, and corn through family labor
and a small number of tenants. In Robeson County, the number of farms in the county had grown
from 4,848 in 1900 to 7,686 in 1920, but average farm size had decreased from 102.8 acres to
just 44.5 acres. Over 20 percent of farms were less than 20 acres in size. The vast majority of
cropland was devoted to cotton in 1930. The nearly 100,000 acres of cotton was greater than that
of tobacco and corn combined. Although late to the production of tobacco compared to other
eastern North Carolina counties, by 1930, Robeson County devoted 24,292 acres to the crop,
and over the next half century it would continue to increase in importance (U.S. Census Bureau
1932).
Farmers were hit hardest by the Great Depression, with farm incomes falling to one-third of their
1928 level (Ready 2005:324). The federal government's Agricultural Adjustment Administration
(AAA), a crop control program that essentially paid farmers a modest amount to grow less
tobacco, enabled tobacco prices and farm income to rise. However, reduced production meant
that fewer tenant farmers and sharecroppers were needed to raise the crop; their ironic
displacement by the AAA increased the economic problems of the 1930s. Driven from their land,
some farmers moved to cities, and there, many survived on government relief. Of the federal
government's programs, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which provided employment to
young men, enjoyed the greatest public support in the state (Abrams 2015).
Although electric generation began in North Carolina in the 1880s, for most of the next 50 years
electric service was primarily available only in the state's cities and towns. In 1935, when the
General Assembly created the North Carolina Rural Electrification Authority (NCREA), roughly
three percent of North Carolina farmers had electricity. The New Deal's Rural Electrification
Authority (REA) provided funding for the extension of electric lines to rural areas. The NCREA
sent power through its first distribution line in May 1936. By 1940 about 24 percent, or 70,000 of
the state's 278,000 farms, had electricity. Only 15 years later, in the mid-1950s, more than
95 percent of North Carolina's farms were electrified (Hunt 2006).
As a result of the Federal -Aid Highway Act of 1956, a national system of highways was
constructed in the 1960s and 1970s. Work began in 1956 on Interstate 95 around Lumberton in
Robeson County, following the path of U.S. Route 301 at the transition between North Carolina's
Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Sections of the highway opened in the 1960s, and it was completed
in 1980 (Wood 2015). As a major artery for traffic along the East Coast, rapid development took
place at the communities and interchanges along the route.
Agriculture became more diversified in eastern North Carolina after World War II, and the area
attracted new businesses and industries. In addition to tobacco, Robeson County farmers raised
significant quantities of soybeans, vegetables, poultry, and beef. Major manufactured products
include transformers, water pipes and valves, wood products, and manufactured homes
(Mazzocchi 2006).
In the United States, domestic production of tobacco was at its peak in 1954. It began to decline
in the second half of the twentieth century, with domestic and foreign buyers turning to non -U.S.
suppliers (Huntrods 2012; Internal Revenue Service 2011). Prices for the product grew as excise
taxes were imposed, making tobacco one of the most heavily taxed agricultural commodities. As
demand dropped, the agricultural quota allotments consequently declined, which further limited
production. In addition, concerns about tobacco's effects on health began to surface in the 1950s,
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and opportunities for public smoking became increasingly restricted (Huntrods 2012). As late as
the 1980s, however, about 17,000 acres of tobacco were grown in Robeson County, bringing in
about $60 million a year (Davis 2009). In 1998, the Attorneys General of 46 states signed the
Master Settlement Agreement with the four largest tobacco companies in the United States to
settle state suits to recover billions of dollars in costs associated with treating smoking-related
illnesses. North Carolina's share of the settlement was estimated at $4.6 billion (North Carolina
Health & Wellness Trust Fund 2015).
Part of the Jobs Creation Act of 2004 was the Fair and Equitable Tobacco Reform Act of 2004,
commonly referred to as the "tobacco quota buyout." Beginning in 2005, it ended federal
restrictions on where and how much tobacco can be produced as well as federal price supports
and quotas. To ease the farmers' transition to the free market, the buyout bill also provided
approximately 10 billion dollars to eligible quota owners and producers, funded through
assessments of tobacco product manufacturers and importers (Internal Revenue Service 2011).
Without the quotas and price supports, tobacco production has decreased in the county to just
2,000 acres in 2015 (Tester 2018).
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RESULTS
This chapter presents the findings for 17 surveyed resources associated with the Project.
PREVIOUSLY RECORDED RESOURCES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT
No resources had been formally recorded within one mile of the proposed Project, according to
HPO files.
NEW SURVEY FINDINGS
The current document contains descriptions of 17 previously unrecorded resources surveyed
during the field effort. All 17 resources are located in Robeson County and are recommended
ineligible for the NRHP. The resources discussed in the sections that follow are summarized in
Table 1 below, and their locations are plotted on the map in Appendix A.
TABLE 1
RB0697
R130697, located at 215 Cherokee Circle in Maxton, is approximately 0.46 miles east-northeast of
the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource is situated on relatively flat land along a dirt
road with moderate tree coverage to the west, and thick forest to the east. Similar mid -twentieth
October 2018 15 Piedmont Natural Gas
Summary of Resources in the APE
Resource Number
Description
NRHP Recommendation
RB0697
Vernacular dwelling, 1968
Ineligible
RB0698
Vernacular dwelling, 1968
Ineligible
RB0699
Vernacular dwelling, 1921
Ineligible
RB0700
Cherokee Chapel Holiness Methodist Church and Cemetery, 1961
Ineligible
RB0701
Oxendine Elementary School, ca. 1950
Ineligible
RB0702
Vernacular dwelling, ca. 1950
Ineligible
RB0703
Minimal Traditional dwelling, 1960
Ineligible
RB0704
Vernacular dwelling, 1950
Ineligible
RB0705
Vernacular dwelling, 1968
Ineligible
RB0706
Linear -with -clusters Ranch dwelling, 1959
Ineligible
RB0707
Linear Ranch dwelling, 1967
Ineligible
RB0708
Linear Ranch dwelling, 1967
Ineligible
RB0709
Vernacular dwelling, ca. 1920
Ineligible
RB0710
Dwelling, ca. 1950
Ineligible
RB0711
Ranch dwelling, 1955
Ineligible
RB0712
Vernacular dwelling, 1955
Ineligible
RB0713
Vernacular dwelling, 1950
Ineligible
RB0697
R130697, located at 215 Cherokee Circle in Maxton, is approximately 0.46 miles east-northeast of
the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource is situated on relatively flat land along a dirt
road with moderate tree coverage to the west, and thick forest to the east. Similar mid -twentieth
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century residences populate the remainder of Cherokee Circle, while an elementary school is
located to the north of the resource. RB0697 includes a dwelling and a well house (Appendix B,
Figure 1).
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, RB0697 was built in 1968. The
one-story dwelling has an asphalt shingle, front -gabled roof, replacement vinyl siding, and a
continuous concrete masonry unit foundation (Appendix B, Figure 2). The resource includes one -
over -one, double -hung, vinyl windows and vinyl vents in the upper gable ends of the east and
west elevations. The primary entrance is located on the west elevation through a vinyl storm door.
The actual door was obscured at the time of survey. A circa 1990, partial -width addition is located
on the north elevation (Appendix B, Figure 3). Its materials and fenestration are consistent with
the main block, except that the concrete masonry unit foundation extends further up, almost acting
as a water table. The addition has an asphalt shingle, shed roof. A six -paneled vinyl door is
located on the addition's west elevation. To the east of the dwelling is a circa 1970 well house
(Appendix B, Figure 4). The well house has a concrete masonry unit foundation and exterior, an
asphalt shingle, front -gabled roof, and plywood in the upper gable ends. Both the dwelling and
well house are in fair condition.
NRHP Assessment: The resource appears to be a modest vernacular dwelling and well house of
a design that is common in the surrounding area. The dwelling has been heavily modified with
replacement siding, windows, and a modern addition. It is ERM's recommendation that this
resource is not eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. The historic research carried out for this
Project did not identify any significant historic persons or events associated with the resource.
Thus, it is also recommended as not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0698
The resource, RB0698 is located at 123 Cherokee Circle in Maxton, approximately 0.45 miles
east-northeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). RB0698 is situated along a dirt road, to the
south of Oxendine School Road (Rt. 1312), on a parcel with a thin line of trees to the west and a
dense forest to the east. The ground is relatively flat, with a slight slope down the north. Other
mid -twentieth century dwellings are located along the dirt road, to the north, south, and west of
RB0698. The resource includes a dwelling, barn, and the remnants of a well (Appendix B, Figure
5).
The dwelling is a one-story structure built in 1968 (Robeson County Tax Administration Office
2018). RB0698 is a side -gabled dwelling with a standing -seam metal roof, replacement vinyl
siding, and continuous concrete masonry unit foundation, which is painted red to resemble brick
(Appendix B, Figure 6). The primary entrance is located on the east elevation through a vinyl door
with two lower panels and one large, upper light. Windows consists of one -over -one, double -hung,
vinyl units with either four -over -four, six -over -six, or no applied muntins. An octagonal vinyl vent
is located on the upper gable of the south elevation. A circa 1990 partial -width addition is located
on the original block's east elevation. Its materials appear consistent with the original block, but
the foundation is obscured by vegetation. This shed -roof addition consists of a porch on the
northern end, and an enclosed addition on the southern end. The porch on the northern end leads
to the primary entrance. Three wooden steps lead to the porch, which has a wooden floor,
bannister, and is supported by squared wooden posts. A vinyl, dentil-like ribbon is located below
the porch's roofline. The enclosed part of the addition on the southern end has no fenestration. A
second addition is located on the rear (west) elevation, but could not be seen from the road. The
dwelling is in good condition
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RB0698 also includes a circa 1970 barn and well (Appendix B, Figure 7). To the west of the
house, the front -gabled barn has a standing -seam metal roof, vinyl siding, and two shed -roof
extensions on the north and south elevations. A double vinyl door with six -panels each is located
on the east elevation. The foundation could not be discerned from the road, and the barn is in fair
condition. To the southeast of the dwelling is the remnants of a circa 1970 well. All that remains
is the concrete masonry unit foundation and exterior.
NRHP Assessment: The vernacular structure at RB0698 does not exhibit high artistic value as
the work of a master, nor is it an outstanding example of a particular architectural style or building
type. In addition, there have been additions and modifications to the resource, which have
resulted in a loss of integrity. Therefore, ERM recommends that this resource is not eligible for
the NRHP under Criterion C. The historic research carried out for this Project did not identify any
significant events or personages associated with this resource; therefore, ERM also recommends
RB0698 as not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0699
The resource located at 5480 NC Highway 71 in Maxton is approximately 0.04 miles south of the
proposed Project (Appendix A). RB0699 is located on a well -manicured parcel with pecans and
other shade trees with spreading canopies in the yard. Mid-century dwellings are located east of
the resource, but are not seen from RB0699 due to tree coverage. The ground is relatively flat,
with a slight slope to the west. The resource includes a dwelling and eight outbuildings (Appendix
B, Figure 8).
The one -and -a -half story dwelling associated with RB0699 was built in 1924 (Robeson County
Tax Administration Office 2018) and has a front -gabled, standing -seam metal roof and
replacement vinyl siding (Appendix B, Figure 9). The pier foundation is obscured by lattice skirting.
A brick, exterior -end chimney is located on the west elevation (Appendix B, Figure 10). The
primary entrance is centered on the north elevation through a replacement wooden door with four
panels and two upper lights. The entrance is accessed via a circa 1960 replacement wrap-around
porch that spans the entire fagade, and portions of the east and west elevations (NETR Online
2018). Six wooden steps on the north elevation lead to the porch, which has a wooden floor and
bannister, and a hipped, standing -seam metal roof supported by squared wooden posts. The
dwelling's original block has four -over -one, double -hung wooden windows on the first floor, and
a single, six -over -six, double -hung wooden window in the upper -half story. All windows have fixed,
vinyl shutters. The dwelling also includes two, circa 1970 gabled additions on the east and west
elevations (Appendix B, Figures 11 and 12). Both have siding and roofing materials consistent
with the main block. Both have continuous concrete masonry unit foundations, one -over -one,
double -hung, vinyl windows with six -over -six applied muntins, flanked by fixed vinyl shutters. A
rear addition on the south elevation could not be seen from the public road, but according to aerial
photographs, has a hipped roof. The dwelling is in fair condition.
RB0699 includes two garages, a well house, an equipment shelter, three sheds, and a chicken
coop. Garage 1 is southeast of the dwelling, while Garage 2 is directly south of the dwelling. Both
garages are circa 2015 structures with front -gabled, metal roofs, metal exteriors, and roll -up
garage doors. Garage 1 has a tarp canopy on its northern elevation for additional storage space
(Appendix B, Figure 13). A circa 2015 well house is located to the southeast of the dwelling, to
the southwest of Garage 1. It has a front -gabled, corrugated metal roof supported by squared,
wood posts. It shelters a circa 1920 well that was not seen from the public road. An equipment
shelter is located to the southeast of the dwelling (Appendix B, Figure 14). It is a circa 1970 wood -
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framed structure with a standing -seam metal shed roof and fiber cement board siding. A wooden,
double crossbuck Dutch door is located on the north elevation. Three sheds are also located on
the property. The first shed, Shed 1, is a circa 2015 prefabricated shed that sits on concrete
masonry units and features a standing -seam metal gambrel roof and T1-11 siding (Appendix B,
Figure 15). An entrance is located on the south elevation through a porch with a wooden floor,
supported by squared wooden posts. Shed 2 and Shed 3 are located directly south of the dwelling.
Shed 2 is a circa 2015 front -gabled structure with a corrugated metal roof, and manufactured
beadboard siding (Appendix B, Figure 16). It has a six -paneled vinyl door and a one -over -one
vinyl window on the north elevation. Shed 3 is located to the west of Shed 2 and is a circa 1940
front -gabled structure with a concrete masonry unit foundation and exterior. It has a standing -
seam metal roof and drop siding in the gable end with six -over -six, double -hung wooden windows.
The entrance is located on the north elevation through a four -paneled wooden door. Lastly, a
modern, circa 2015 chicken coop is located to the north of Shed 3. It has an asphalt shingle
gambrel roof and T1-11 siding. All outbuildings are in good to excellent condition.
NRHP Assessment: The farmstead at RB0699 is mainly comprised of modern outbuildings. Only
two of the structures, the main dwelling and Shed 3, are historic structures. While the main
dwelling is of a higher style than many buildings in the surrounding area, it has had multiple
additions and material changes, which have compromised the resource's integrity of design,
materials, and feeling. The collection of modern outbuildings on the property have diminished the
resource's integrity of setting. Therefore, ERM recommends RB0699 ineligible for the NRHP
under Criterion C. Furthermore, the historic research carried out for this Project did not identify
any significant events or personages associated with this resource; therefore, ERM also
recommends RB0699 as not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0700
Located at 5590 Oxendine School Road, Maxton, RB0700 is known as the Cherokee Chapel
Holiness Methodist Church. The resource is approximately 0.39 miles northeast of the proposed
Project (Appendix A). The church was constructed in 1961 according to the Robeson County Tax
Assessor (Robeson County Tax Administration Office 2018), while the associated cemetery
features interments beginning in 1930 and continuing to the present day (Find A Grave 2018).
RB0700 in located directly off Oxendine School Road, which lies to its east; a stretch of dense
forest abuts the property to the west. The surrounding area is primarily rural and agricultural with
small groupings of dwelling along major roadways. Resource R130701, the Oxendine Elementary
School, is located across the street, directly to the east. In addition to the church, there are six
buildings located on the property: an outbuilding, storage shed, two carports, a club house, a
garage, and cemetery (Appendix B, Figure 17). Poured concrete sidewalks lead to the front (east)
elevation entrance. Two asphalt parking lots are located on the property with curved brick half
walls with angel statues flanking the entryway to each lot.
The Oxendine School (RB0701) was closely connected to the Cherokee Chapel Methodist
Church, which was founded in 1914. In 1918, Luther and Susan Oxendine gave land adjacent to
the school for the first church building. The Oxendine and Lowery families were among the
church's earliest benefactors and leaders. The name of the church reflects the tribal name of
Cherokee Indians of Robeson County that was adopted by the Lumbee Indians in 1913 (NCMH
2018). The original church building was expanded in the 1940s to add classroom space for
religious education. In the 1950s, the church classrooms were used by the Oxendine School
because of increased enrollment. The original church building burned in 1961, and the current
brick structure was completed in 1962 (Oxendine 2014). Historic aerial photographs show the
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original church on the property in 1956, which appears to have been a square footprint structure
(NETROnline 2018).
The one-story nave intersects with the two -and -a -half story transepts that branch off from the far
western end of the nave to the north and south. The nave runs five -bays deep and three -bays
across while the transepts run three -bays deep and two -bays across. The church features
Colonial Revival elements such as a pedimented two-story entry with columns in the Doric style,
fanlight transom, and medium -pitch roof with narrow eaves (Appendix B, Figure 18). The cross -
gabled roof is clad in asphalt shingles, and the walls feature 8 -course common bond brick veneer.
The front entrance is located on the east elevation under a pediment, which is clad in vinyl siding.
The historic double door with two lower panels and two arched upper lights is located under the
pediment. Fenestration is symmetrical. Flanking the entrance, two arched windows have been
bricked in and are outlined in lighter brick. Arched stained glass windows are located on the north
and south elevations of the nave (Appendix B, Figure 19). One -over -one vinyl windows are
located on the transepts. There are also two entrances centered on the transepts' south and north
elevations. A modest pyramidal steeple is located on the ridgeline at the nave's east elevation
above the double door entrance. The steeple is two tiers and topped with a spire; it features
asphalt shingle roofing and vinyl siding matching that found elsewhere on the structure (Appendix
B, Figure 20). The north and south elevation transept entrances have small shed -roof porches
with round column supports. A ca. 2000 wrap-around covered walkway is located on the north
elevation that connects the nave's east elevation entrance to the northern transept's north
elevation; it continues to connect to the rear outbuilding behind the main church building.
The rear outbuilding, Outbuilding 1, is a ca. 1980 structure located directly behind the church to
the west. This rectangular footprint structure has a side -gabled asphalt shingle roof. The north
elevation has a pedimented entry with round column supports. Aerials show that an addition was
added in 2017 to the southern end of the west elevation. Behind this outbuilding to the east of the
2017 addition is a ca. 2011 storage shed, based on aerial imagery. Google Earth imagery shows
this structure having a side -gabled, asphalt shingle roof, brick veneer, infilled gables of another
material, and entry door its east elevation (Google Earth 2018). A cluster of three buildings is
located on the northern end behind the church and Outbuilding 1. The first is a ca. 2015
prefabricated carport, designated Carport 1, with open-air sides and metal roof with metal pole
supports. Directly north of Carport 1 is another ca. 2015 pre -fabricated carport, Carport 2. Just to
the north is a ca. 1960 clubhouse with a side -gabled standing seam metal roof, running bond brick
exterior on the east elevation and concrete masonry units on the south elevation (Appendix B,
Figure 21). The gables are clad in vinyl. The other elevations were not visible during survey and
further details cannot be determined. One entrance is located on the east elevation, and is
covered by a metal shed roof spanning the central portion of the elevation. Another entrance is
located on the south elevation, covered by a small metal shed -roof porch. Both doors are
replacements. An exterior chimney constructed of concrete masonry units is located on the north
elevation. The windows are replacement single pane. The last structure is located at the far
southern end of the property on the south side of the cemetery. This structure is a ca. 1990 pre-
fabricated two -bay garage with metal siding and vinyl roll -up doors upon a poured concrete
foundation (Appendix B, Figure 22).
The cemetery appears to be divided into two portions. One portion is located in close proximity to
the church, extending south approximately 217 feet and across approximately 153 feet bordered
by the church to the north, a parking lot to the east, and a dense forest to the west (Appendix B,
Figure 23). A narrow dirt path separates the second potion from the first. The dirt path originates
at Oxendine School Road, and is flanked by two brick columns topped with sitting angels; the
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path runs west towards the forest and curves north to the west of the church and associated
structures. The second portion of the cemetery measures approximately 140 feet south from the
dirt path and approximately 86 feet across (Appendix B, Figure 24). The cemetery's grave
markers appear to be a mixture of upright die on base and lawn -type. The majority of lawn -type
grave markers are located in the second portion near a circular brick platform with a stone statue.
The upright markers are closest to the church in the first portion, of the cemetery, which appears
to be older. Further details about the cemetery could not be determined from the public right-of-
way.
NRHP Assessment: Historic research carried out for this Project did not identify any significant
events or persons associated with this resource. Therefore, the resource is recommended not
eligible under Criterion A and Criterion B. Cherokee Chapel Holiness Methodist Church, although
in good condition, does not represent a significant architectural type or style, nor it is uncommon
in the area. Additional structures located on the property have altered the association of the
church to the surrounding area, impacting its setting. The inclusion of covered walkways and large
paved asphalt parking lots, added ca. 2011, have altered the feeling the church once had within
the landscape. The bricked -in window openings on the fagade have affected the resource's
integrity of materials and feeling as well. The cemetery does not display exceptional landscape
architecture, does not contain interments of significant persons, and is not connected to significant
events. For these reasons, it is ERM's recommendation that resource RB0700 is not eligible for
the NRNP under Criterion C nor does it meet Criteria Consideration A and D for religious
properties and cemeteries.
RB0701
RB0701 is located at 5599 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312, approximately 0.44 miles
northeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource, Oxendine Elementary School is
located on a well -manicured lot, with a contemporary church, RB0700, located across the street.
The school has a few trees on the property, with a line to trees to the east. The property includes
the main school and multiple outbuildings (Appendix B, Figure 25).
The Oxendine School and was established in 1910 on land donated for the purpose by Luther
and Susan Lowry Oxendine, who were the first Native American landowners in the Wakulla
community. Prior to that date, Native American children had to travel to Prospect to attend the
Barton School. Separate public schools for Native Americans were established in North Carolina
following the state's recognition of the Croatan Tribe in 1885 (North Carolina Museum of History
[NCMH] 2018). The original school had only one teacher until the 1920s when a second teacher
was added. The school is not shown on a rural delivery routes map dating to the early 1910s (U.S.
Post Office Department ca. 1913), but does appear on a 1922 map of the county (Lennon 1922).
The original wooden school building burned down and was replaced by a second wooden
building. That building was also destroyed by fire in the early 1950s. The current brick building
was erected to replace the second school in the 1950s, and was added on to in the 1960s
(Oxendine 2014). The Oxendine School was desegregated in the 1970s, despite significant
opposition from Lumbee leaders, who felt that their culture would be better protected if they
controlled their schools (Currie 2004).
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, Oxendine Elementary School was
built in 1965. However, a historic aerial photograph from 1956 shows the school, suggesting that
the 1965 date in the tax records refers to a significant addition (NETRonline 2018). Based on the
architectural survey, the school was determined to be built circa 1955 (Appendix B, Figure 26).
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The school has many additions, but the one-story original school is currently the center block of
the resource. The original block has a concrete masonry unit foundation and exterior with brick
infill, and a flat, metal roof (Appendix B, Figure 27). A brick chimney stack is located on the
western end of the structure. Both the exterior and chimney stack is arranged in a 5:1 Flemish
bond brick pattern. The entrance is located on the west elevation. The windows on the original
block's south elevation are wooden with one -over -one horizontal panes. The lower pane is an
awning window while the upper pane is fixed. The windows on the original block's north elevation
also have wooden, horizontal panes, but are two -over -two. Above these windows is a row of
wooden, awning windows (Appendix B, Figure 28). The school includes two pre -1959 additions.
The first addition (Addition 1) is located on the east elevation of the school and has the same
materials and window fenestration as the original block (Appendix B, Figure 29). A two-story
addition (Addition 2) is located to the north of the original block and connects to the original block
through a porch (Appendix B, Figure 30). The porch is located on the original block's west
elevation. It has a metal, flat roof and is supported by round metal posts sitting on poured
concrete. The porch also has a metal, flat -roofed walkway addition on its western elevation with
round metal posts and a poured concrete floor. Addition 2 has materials consistent with those of
the main block, and has the same 5:1 Flemish bond brickwork and a brick chimney towards the
western end (Appendix B, Figure 31). The first floor has wooden windows that are double -hung
and have two -over -two horizontal panes. Above these windows is a fixed, two -paned window.
The second floor has a row of hopper or awning windows below fixed, 2 -paned windows. Addition
2 has two entrances on the west elevation filled with metal doors and a two -paned sidelight. Both
have entry porches with metal, flat roofs, concrete floors, and rounded metal posts. A circa 1970
one-story addition (Addition 3) is located on the original block's south elevation (Appendix B,
Figure 32). Addition 3 has the same materials as the original block, except for the additional T1-
11 siding around the window fenestration. It has one -over -one, double -hung wooden windows
and vinyl sliding windows. The primary entrance is located on the west elevation through a metal
double door with an upper light and a transom window. Another entrance is located on the south
elevation through a single metal door with an upper light (Appendix B, Figure 33). The final
addition (Addition 4) is located to the north of Addition 2. This one-story addition has a hipped
roof with gable extensions on its east and south elevations. Addition 4 has a standing -seam metal
roof with a brick exterior laid in stretcher bond with two bands of concrete masonry units (Appendix
B, Figure 34). The hipped -roof part of the addition has fixed metal windows with single or two
panes. Above and below the windows is soldier course bricks. A double metal door with a large
center light is located on Addition 4's south elevation. The southern gabled extension connects
the porch addition and the north and east elevations of Addition 2 to Addition 4. This gabled
extension has a concrete masonry unit exterior and a metal door with a large light on the west
elevation (Appendix B, Figure 35). The eastern extension on Addition 4 has single -paned metal
windows, a stretcher bond brick exterior with two bands of concrete masonry units (Appendix B,
Figure 36). Addition 4 also has a metal, flat roofed walkway with a poured concrete floor and
rounded metal posts for support. The school is in good condition.
Oxendine Elementary School also has multiple outbuildings, including six detached, "portable,"
classrooms, and a garage. The five outdoor classrooms consist of various types of prefabricated
structures connected to the original block of the school through an outdoor walkway with a poured
concrete floor, and a flat, metal roof supported by round metal posts. Portable Classroom 1 is
located to the south of the original block and is a circa 2005 structure with a front -gabled, rolled -
asphalt roof with vinyl siding and a concrete masonry unit pier foundation (Appendix B, Figure
37). Two metal vents are located on the west elevation and a metal flue is on the southern slope
of the roof. A vinyl door is centered on the western elevation. An entry porch with a wooden
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decking, wooden posts, and a corrugated metal shed roof is also located on the west elevation.
A shed -roof porch extension is located on Portable Classroom 1's north elevation. The porch
extension has a poured concrete floor, a rolled -asphalt roof, and is supported by round metal
posts. Portable Classroom 2 is a circa 2010 structure located to the east of Portable Classroom
1 (Appendix B, Figure 38). Portable Classroom 2 is a mobile home with vinyl siding, a side -gabled,
standing -seam metal roof, and a foundation obscured by metal skirting. It has sliding vinyl
windows and one -over -one, double -hung vinyl windows. Metal doors are located on the southern
and western elevations. A wooden ramp is located on the southern elevation and two sets of
wooden steps are located on the western elevation. Portable Classrooms 3-6 are circa 1980-
1990 structures located to the east of the original school block. Outdoor Classroom 3 is a mobile
home with metal siding and metal skirting that obscures the foundation (Appendix B, Figure 39).
It has a flat, metal roof and a six -paneled vinyl door on the northwest elevation. Wooden steps on
the northwest elevation lead to a small wooden deck. The northeast elevation has a porch addition
with wooden steps, a wooden floor, and a flat metal roof supported by wooden posts. Portable
Classroom 4 is located further south of Portable Classroom 3. It has a front -gabled, standing -
seam metal roof with metal siding and metal skirting that obscures the foundation (Appendix B,
Figure 40). Portable Classroom 5 is another gabled structure with a standing -seam metal roof,
metal siding and metal skirting that obscures the foundation (Appendix B, Figure 41). It has one -
over -one, double -hung, metal windows. The north elevation has a vinyl door and standing -seam
metal, shed -roofed porch with wooden steps, a wooden floor, and squared wooden posts.
Portable Classroom 6 is a front -gabled structure with a metal roof, metal siding, and metal skirting
that obscures the foundation (Appendix B, Figure 42). Two six -paneled vinyl doors are located on
the western elevation. The northernmost door has concrete steps and the southernmost door has
wooden steps. A circa 2010 garage is located to the south of the original school block (Appendix
B, Figure 43). It has a front -gabled, standing -seam metal roof, metal siding and a concrete slab
foundation. A metal personnel door and a roll -up metal garage door are located on the south
elevation.
RB0701 also has a playground, a baseball field, two dugouts, and an equipment shed. The circa
1990 playground could not be seen from the public right-of-way, but includes a playhouse and
hipped roof shelter. A swing set is located to the south of the school. The baseball field is located
to the southeast of the school and is surrounded by a chain-link fence. The southeast and
southern edges of the baseball field have two dugouts with metal shed roofs and squared wooden
posts. The circa 1980 equipment shed is a front -gabled structure with a concrete masonry unit
foundation and exterior with vinyl siding in the upper gable ends (Appendix B, Figure 44). It has
a rolled asphalt roof with an entrance on the northeast elevation and a shed -roof extension on its
southeast elevation. All modern outbuildings are in fair condition.
NRHP Assessment: Oxendine Elementary School is a mid-century modern school whose design
is common in the region. In addition, the school has had many additions, which almost completely
obscure the original block of the building and diminish the historic integrity of the structure. ERM
recommends RB0701 not eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. The Oxendine School (now
Oxendine Elementary) was established in the early twentieth century to serve the Native
American population in the vicinity of Wakulla. The land was donated by the Oxendine family, a
prominent family in the community of Lumbee Indians in Robeson County. The school, and by its
close association, the Cherokee Chapel Methodist Church, were important parts of the local
community. However, the current Oxendine School is not representative of the 31 subscription
schools established by the Lumbee in the late nineteenth century, and no longer conveys its
association with events significant to history. The resource is therefore recommended ineligible
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for the NRHP under Criterion A. Luther and Susan Oxendine were not tribe leaders, and their
involvement does not rise to the level of significance required for NRHP eligibility under Criterion
B.
RB0702
RB0702, located at 5094 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312 in Maxton is approximately
0.47 miles northeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). A dense group of mature trees
surrounds the resource to the north, east, and west, and much of the resource could not be seen
from the public right-of-way. To the west are uncultivated agricultural fields. RB0702 is located on
the southern side of the road, down a driveway that encircles the dwelling. RB0702 includes a
dwelling, an outbuilding, a shed, and a pool (Appendix B, Figure 45).
The dwelling at RB0702 is a one story, circa 1950 structure (Robeson County Tax Administration
Office 2018) that is obscured from the public right-of-way. Aerial views reveal that it is a side -
gabled structure with a gabled, rear -ell. It has a concrete masonry unit foundation and exterior
with a standing -seam metal roof (Appendix B, Figure 46). The rear ell's southwest elevation has
Masonite hardboard siding and is partly covered in a plastic tarp (Appendix B, Figure 47). The
dwelling has a partial -width porch addition on its northwest elevation that leads to the primary
entrance. The porch has a shed, standing -seam metal roof. The chimney is located on the slope
of the northwest elevation. A circa 1950 outbuilding is located to the southeast of the dwelling
(Appendix B, Figure 48). It has a front -gabled, standing -seam metal roof and a concrete masonry
unit exterior. It has a shed -roof addition on its southeast elevation. The shed is located to the west
of the outbuilding and has a standing -seam metal shed roof and vertical -oriented wood siding.
The pool was placed in circa 2015 and is located to the south of the dwelling (Appendix B, Figure
49). All structures are in poor to fair condition. No other details on the dwelling or outbuildings
could be discerned from the public right-of-way.
NRHP Assessment: RB0702 is a resource that is mostly obscured from view due to overgrown
trees and vegetation. Nevertheless, parts of the structures are visible from the public right-of-way.
These parts are in poor condition. The dwelling at RB0702 has had replacement siding and
windows, and a rear addition. It does not appear that the house displayed exceptional architecture
prior to those changes. In addition, the outbuildings associated with the resource are
unremarkable types common in the area. It is ERM's recommendation that RB0702 is not eligible
for the NRHP under Criterion C. The historic research completed for the Project did not reveal
any significant personages or events associated with the resource. Thus, ERM recommends
RB0702 ineligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0703
RB0703 is located at 5758 NC Highway 71 in Maxton, which is approximately 0.24 miles
southeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource is situated on a road with similar,
mid -twentieth century dwellings to the west. A thin line of tress to the east, south, and west shelter
the property. The ground is relatively flat, and slopes down very slightly to the west. RB0703
includes a dwelling and an outbuilding (Appendix B, Figure 50).
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, RB0703 was built in 1950. It has
a side -gabled, asphalt shingle roof, original asbestos siding, and has a continuous brick
foundation (Appendix B, Figure 51). The one-story, Minimal Traditional dwelling has two brick
chimneys: an exterior -end chimney on the east elevation, and an interior chimney located on the
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southern elevation's roof slope. The primary entrance is centered on the north elevation through
an original door with three upper lights and a vinyl storm door. The door is flanked by four -paned
sidelights (Appendix B, Figure 52). An aluminum awning hangs above the door. A projecting front
gable is located to the west of the door. A modern deck addition with a wooden floor, bannister,
and post -in -ground foundation is located on the north side of the dwelling and currently leads to
the entrance. To the east of the entrance, is a large picture window flanked by two -over -two,
double -hung, wooden windows. The windows have fixed wooden board -and -batten shutters. All
other windows are two -over -two. A side -gabled carport and porch is attached to the east elevation
of the dwelling. The screened -in porch has a continuous brick foundation and is supported by
wooden posts. Two brick steps on the eastern elevation lead to a wood -framed screen door. The
carport is to the east of the porch, has a poured concrete floor, and is supported by squared
wooden posts. It has wavy -asbestos siding on the upper gable -end of the east elevation,
indicating that it is part of the home's original construction. Aerial views show a shed roof addition
on the south elevation, but no details could be seen from the public right-of-way. The dwelling is
in fair condition. A front -gabled outbuilding with vertical -oriented wood siding is located to the
southwest of the dwelling (Appendix B, Figure 53).
NRHP Assessment: RB0703 is an unremarkable example of mid -twentieth century architecture,
which is common in the area and does not exhibit high artistic value. Although it is largely
unaltered, it does not possess outstanding architectural merit, and ERM recommends that the
resource is ineligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. In addition, the historic research carried out
for this Project did not identify any significant events or personages associated with the resource.
Therefore, ERM recommends RB0703 as not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B as
well.
RB0704
The resource located at 5604 NC Highway 71 in Maxton is approximately 0. 10 miles southeast of
the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource is situated on a main highway with other mid -
twentieth century dwellings to the east. The parcel associated with RB0704 is overgrown, with a
thin line of mature trees to the south, west, and east of the property. A dirt driveway is located to
the south of the highway, to the east of the dwelling, which appears to be abandoned (Appendix
B, Figure 54).
RB0704 includes a dwelling, outbuilding, and well house. The circa 1950 one-story vernacular
dwelling (Robeson County Tax Administration Office 2018) is mostly obscured by overgrown
vegetation and tree coverage (Appendix B, Figure 55). The dwelling is composed of four gabled
blocks; the center and eastern block are original, while the western and southern block are
additions. RB0704 has a side -gabled asphalt shingle roof, continuous concrete masonry unit
foundation, and vinyl siding with vinyl vents located in the upper gable ends. The primary entrance
is located on the north elevation, through a recessed entry porch (Appendix B, Figure 56). Two
rectangular sidelights flank the vinyl, six -paned door. To the east of the door is a bay window. The
original blocks have one -over -one, double -hung, replacement vinyl windows with no applied
muntins and six -over -six applied muntins. All windows have fixed vinyl shutters and all windows
on the north and south elevations have metal canopy overhangs (Appendix B, Figure 57). A circa
1960 gabled addition is located on the west elevation. It has materials and fenestration consistent
with the main block. A second gabled addition is located on the rear (south) elevation, but can
only be seen in aerial views. No other details could be seen from the public right-of-way, and the
dwelling itself is in poor condition.
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To the southeast of the dwelling is a circa 1950 outbuilding (Appendix B, Figure 58). The side -
gabled structure has an asphalt shingle roof, vinyl siding, and a continuous concrete masonry unit
foundation. A six -over -six, double -hung wooden window and vinyl vent are located on the eastern
elevation (Appendix B, Figure 59). The outbuilding has a shed -roof addition on its north elevation
with a standing -seam metal roof, and the same exterior and foundation as the original block. The
entrance is centered on the addition's north elevation through a textured metal door with two
upper lights. All the windows on the addition are boarded up. The outbuilding also includes a
western garage addition. This has a side -gabled, standing -seam metal roof, vinyl siding, and a
continuous concrete masonry unit foundation. A double door composed of vinyl siding is located
on the north elevation. To the east of the outbuilding is a well house. It has vinyl siding and a shed
roof. Both the outbuilding and well house are in poor condition.
NRHP Assessment: The resource is not considered to be architecturally significant. Furthermore,
the additions and replacement windows and materials have decreased its integrity of design and
materials. Finally, the dwelling and outbuildings are in poor condition. It is ERM's recommendation
that this resource is not eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. The historic research carried out
for this Project did not identify any significant historic persons or events associated with the
resource, and RB0704 is also recommended as not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0705
The resource located at 163 Cherokee Circle in Maxton is approximately 0.45 miles east-
northeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource, RB0705 is located along a dirt
road, to the east of Oxendine School Road/Rt. 1312. The dwelling is situated on moderately flat
land, with similar mid -twentieth century structures in its vicinity. The resource only includes a
dwelling (Appendix B, Figure 60).
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, RB0705 was built in 1968. The
one-story vernacular dwelling is a side -gabled structure with a standing -seam metal roof,
aluminum siding, and a concrete masonry unit, pier foundation (Appendix B, Figure 61). A metal
flue is located on its north elevation and vinyl vents are located in the upper gable ends of the
north and south elevations. The primary entrance is centered on the east elevation, through a
vinyl door with six panels. It is flanked by fixed, vinyl louvered shutters, as are the windows. All of
the windows are one -over -one, double -hung aluminum. The north and east elevations contain
paired windows, while the south elevation has single windows. RB0705 is in fair condition.
NRHP Assessment: The vernacular structure at RB0705 is a common form found throughout the
area. Given its lack of architectural distinction, ERM recommends that the resource is not eligible
for the NRHP under Criterion C. The historic research carried out for this Project did not identify
any significant events or personages associated with this resource, and ERM also recommends
it as not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0706
The resource located at 4840 Oxendine School Road (Route 1312) is approximately 0.43 miles
northeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). It is situated on a well -manicured parcel with a
thin line of trees to the northwest of the dwelling. RB0706 is on the southwest side of the road,
with uncultivated agricultural fields to the northeast and southwest. RB0706 includes a dwelling,
mobile home, and shed (Appendix B, Figure 62).
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The one-story dwelling at RB0706 was built in 1959 (Robeson County Tax Administration Office
2018). The structure has a stretcher bond brick exterior and foundation (Appendix B, Figure 63).
A row of header bond bricks denotes the water table, and there are rowlock sills below the
windows. Below the water table are metal crawlspace vents. The linear -with -clusters Ranch has
a hipped, asphalt shingle roof, and an interior -end brick chimney on the northeastern elevation
roof slope. The primary entrance is located on the northeast elevation through a vinyl storm door
and a yellow vinyl door with six panels and a five -paned fan light. A recessed porch leads to the
entrance on the northeast elevation. It has four brick steps, a poured concrete floor, and a
decorative metal handrail. RB0706 has one -over -one, double -hung, vinyl windows and a three -
paned, vinyl picture window. The one -over -one windows are single and paired. Only the windows
on the northeast elevation have fixed, vinyl shutters (Appendix B, Figure 64). A circa 1980 addition
is located on the northwest elevation. According to historic aerial photographs (NETROnline
2018), the original dwelling extended to the driveway. The circa 1980 garage addition was built
over the driveway, and has a 12 -panel metal garage door with four upper fan lights on the
northeast elevation (Appendix B, Figure 65). The addition is brick on the northeast elevation and
has vinyl siding on the northwest elevation. A circa 1980 rear addition is located on the southwest
elevation. It has a hipped roof and could only be seen in aerial views. The dwelling is in good
condition.
To the southwest of the dwelling is a mobile home and a shed (Appendix B, Figure 66). The
mobile home is a circa 1980 structure with metal siding and a rounded, metal roof. It has two -
paned, sliding metal windows and an entrance on its northwest elevation. The shed is located
between the mobile home and the dwelling (Appendix B, Figure 67). It is a front -gabled structure
with a standing -seam metal roof, vinyl siding, and a six -panel vinyl door on the northeast elevation.
A shed -roof addition with an asphalt shingle roof and vinyl siding is located on the northwest
elevation. No other details could be discerned from the public right-of-way. Both outbuildings are
in fair condition.
NRHP Assessment: The Ranch style dwelling associated with RB0706 is a common style in the
area and is not distinctive enough to be considered eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. It
also has been altered through the garage addition and replacement windows and doors, which
have affected its integrity. The historic research carried out for the Project did not identify any
significant events or people associated with the resource, and therefore, ERM recommends that
the resource is not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0707
RB0707, located at 4178 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312, is approximately 0.42 miles north-
northeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource is located on the southern side of
the road, surrounded by uncultivated agricultural fields. A few trees are scattered around the
property. A thin line of trees is located to the north of the property. The resource is situated on a
well -manicured parcel with no view of any surrounding properties. RB0707 includes a dwelling
and a garage (Appendix B, Figure 68).
The linear ranch dwelling was built in 1967 (Robeson County Tax Administration Office 2018) and
has a hipped, standing -seam metal roof and brick exterior and foundation (Appendix B, Figure
69). The brick is laid in stretcher bond with rowlock sills below the windows. An exterior -end brick
chimney is located on the south elevation and a vinyl crawlspace vent is located on the north
elevation. The primary entrance is centered on the north elevation and features a paneled vinyl
door and a vinyl crossbuck storm door with an upper light. The entrance is accessed through a
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recessed porch with five brick steps, a poured concrete floor, and a continuous brick foundation.
All windows are vinyl, one -over -one, and double -hung and have fixed vinyl shutters (Appendix B,
Figure 70). A carport is located on the eastern end of the dwelling, and is supported by a brick
wall. A hipped rear addition is located on the southern elevation and has a vinyl panel door with
an upper fanlight on its south elevation (Appendix B, Figure 71). Southeast of the dwelling is a
circa 1970 garage (Appendix B, Figure 72). The garage is a front -gabled structure with a standing -
seam metal roof and poured concrete foundation. The northern elevation is brick, while all other
elevations have vinyl siding. There is also vinyl siding in the gable ends. The eastern end is
enclosed, while the western end is an open carport. A two -paneled door is located on the north
elevation. Both the dwelling and garage are in good condition.
NRHP Assessment: Although the Ranch is in good condition, it is a common form and style in the
area. It is not distinctive enough to be considered eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C.
Furthermore, research conducted for the Project did not identify any significant events or
personages that were associated with the resource. Therefore, ERM recommends RB0707
ineligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0708
The resource at 3850 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312 is approximately 0.46 miles south-
southeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). RB0708 is located on a well -manicured parcel
with a thin line of trees to the south of the property and uncultivated agricultural fields to the north.
Two other residences are in the general vicinity of the resource. RB0708 includes a dwelling, well
house, and garage (Appendix B, Figure 73).
The linear Ranch at RB0708 was built in 1967 (Robeson County Tax Administration Office 2018).
It has a side -gabled, asphalt shingle roof, with a stretcher bond brick exterior and foundation
(Appendix B, Figure 74). Vinyl siding and triangular vinyl vents are found on the upper gable ends
of the east and west elevations (Appendix B, Figure 75). An exterior -end brick chimney is situated
on the south elevation, and vinyl crawlspace vents are found throughout. The primary entrance is
centered on the north elevation, through a four -paneled door with an upper fanlight and a vinyl
storm door. The entrance is accessed through a recessed porch supported by decorative metal
filigree posts, and featuring four brick steps and a poured concrete floor. There are one -over -one,
double -hung vinyl windows with six -over -six applied muntins. All windows are organized in single,
paired, and triple arrangements, underlined by rowlock sills. Only the windows on the north
elevation are flanked by fixed vinyl shutters. A carport is located on the western end of the north
elevation. It is supported by decorative metal filigree posts and has a poured concrete floor
(Appendix B, Figure 76). The north elevation of the carport has a window, without shutters, and a
vinyl door with nine upper lights and a vinyl storm door that acts as a secondary entrance to the
dwelling. The south elevation has a gabled addition featuring materials consistent with the main
block (Appendix B, Figure 77). The addition features an exterior -end brick chimney on its east
elevation. The dwelling is in good condition.
RB0708 includes two outbuildings: a well house and garage. To the southwest of the dwelling is
a circa 1970 well house (Appendix B, Figure 78). It is a front -gabled structure with an asphalt
shingle roof and brick exterior and foundation laid in stretcher bond. A plywood door is centered
on its west elevation. A circa 1980 garage is located to the southeast of the dwelling and has a
gabled, standing -seam metal roof and metal siding (Appendix B, Figure 79). The foundation could
not be seen from the public right-of-way. The north elevation features a metal roll -up door. Both
outbuildings are in fair condition.
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NRHP Assessment: The linear Ranch at RB0708 is a common style found in the area and lacks
outstanding qualities that would warrant eligibility for the NRHP under Criterion C. In addition, the
well house and garage are unremarkable structures lacking architectural distinction. Furthermore,
the historic research completed for the Project did not discover any significant events are
personages associated with the resource. Therefore, ERM also recommends the resource not
eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0709
RB0709 is located at 3818 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312, and is approximately 0.48 miles
south-southeast of the proposed Project (Appendix A). It is situated on a parcel with overgrown
vegetation, and a thick grouping of trees directly northeast and southwest of the dwelling. The
dwelling is located south of Oxendine School Road and Beaver Dam Road's intersection. To the
south and west of the dwelling is dense forest; uncultivated agricultural fields are located to the
north of the dwelling. The resource is abandoned, and consists of a dwelling and five outbuildings
(Appendix B, Figure 80).
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, the dwelling was built in 1920. The
structure is a one-story dwelling with clapboard siding, a brick pier foundation with concrete
masonry unit infill, and an asphalt shingle, hipped roof (Appendix B, Figure 81). Brick chimneys
are located on the roof slope of the northern and eastern elevations. RB0709 has single and
paired, six -over -six, double -hung, wooden windows. The primary entrance is centered on the
north elevation through a five -paneled wooden door. A wrap-around porch encompasses the east,
north, and west elevations. The porch's north elevation is split into two parts: a western and
eastern portion. Both portions have a brick pier foundation with concrete masonry unit infill and a
hipped, asphalt shingle roof. The screened western part extends from the north elevation to the
west elevation and has a wooden floor with squared, wooden posts as supports (Appendix B,
Figure 82). It is entered through a ramp with a wood railing that leads to a screened -in door on
the west elevation. The eastern portion of the porch extends from the north elevation to the east
elevation (Appendix B, Figure 83). This portion is enclosed and has an entrance on the east
elevation. The details of the entrance could not be seen from the public right-of-way. The porch
features both clapboard and drop siding. The dwelling is in poor condition.
RB0709 also includes a shed, bunker silo, outbuilding, pesticide storage structure, and a barn.
The circa 1950 shed is located directly south of the dwelling and has a front -gabled, standing -
seam metal roof and metal siding (Appendix B, Figure 84). It has a boarded up window on the
west elevation, and a six -paneled, wooden door on the north elevation. A porch supported by
squared wooden posts is also located on the north elevation. The foundation could not be
discerned from the public right-of-way, but a replacement concrete masonry unit pier is located
on the shed's northeast corner. A bunker silo is located to the west of the shed (Appendix B,
Figure 85). It has a rounded, corrugated metal roof, and walls clad in various materials, including
concrete masonry units with a brick fascia, corrugated metal siding, and a large sliding door
comprised of standing seam metal. The eastern elevation has a four -paned metal window and an
entry door. The eastern end of the silo's south elevation has a shed -roof addition clad in
corrugated metal panels and roofing. To the south of the bunker silo is an outbuilding (Appendix
B, Figure 86). The outbuilding is a wood -framed structure with horizontal -oriented wood siding
and a gabled, standing -seam metal roof. The roof has fallen in areas, and much of the structure
itself has deteriorated. The pesticide storage structure is located southwest of the dwelling
(Appendix B, Figure 87). It is a Quonset but with a metal -paneled, semi -circular roof and metal
siding. The circa 1950 structure has three metal vents on the roof and a chain-link door and two -
October 2018 28 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
paned metal window on the north elevation. No other details could be discerned from the public
right-of-way. The circa 1960 barn is located to the southeast of the dwelling and has a gabled,
corrugated metal roof and metal siding (Appendix B, Figure 88). No other details could be
discerned from the public right-of-way. The five outbuildings associated with RB0709 are in poor
condition.
NRHP Assessment: The farmstead at RB0709 was built between 1920 and 1950. The buildings
are no longer in use and are in poor condition. Although the main dwelling is of a higher style than
many of the buildings in the surrounding area, it has been neglected, which has diminished the
material integrity of the resource. Also, changes to the porch have affected the dwelling integrity
of design and feeling. Therefore, ERM recommends RB0709 ineligible for the NRHP under
Criterion C. Furthermore, the historic research carried out for this Project did not identify any
significant events or personages associated with this resource; therefore, ERM recommends it as
not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0710
Resource RB0710 occupies a 20.4 -acre lot located at 1323 Reverend Bill Road, Maxton,
approximately 0.2 miles down Arbor/Beaver Dam Road. The resource is approximately 0.27 miles
northwest of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The surrounding area is rural and characterized
by agricultural fields. Neighboring houses are located directly to the south, and all share a dirt and
gravel driveway known as Arbor/Beaver Dam Road, which runs north from Reverend Bill Road.
To the east is an open field and to the west is dense forest that abuts the northern boundary of
the resource.
RB0710 was not visible when surveyed June 14, 2018. Information about this resource was
gathered from the Robeson County Tax Assessor website, topographic images, Google street
view, and both current and historic aerial photographs. The resource appears to be comprised of
a dwelling, an outbuilding, and a mobile home (Appendix B, Figure 89). According to tax assessor
data, the primary dwelling is a ca. 1950 structure with the main block having a front -gabled roof
(Robeson County Tax Administration Office 2018). A porch or room addition was added to the
east elevation by 1956 according to historic aerial imagery (NETROnline 2018). It is difficult to
discern from aerial photographs, but it appears there was a side -gable addition added to the west
side of the north elevation, which connects another addition to its north elevation (Google Earth
2018). Aerial imagery lacks clarity sufficient to precisely date these additions, but both appear on
aerials in 1971. Further detail on material, layout, and details could not be discerned due to lack
of access to the property and distance from the public right-of-way (Appendix B, Figure 90).
The ca. 1950 outbuilding is located approximately 102 feet north of the primary dwelling. It
appears to be a gable standing seam metal roof structure with square footprint. The mobile home
is not present on a 1999 aerial photograph, so it was placed on the property after that time. Further
detail on material, layout, and details could not be discerned due to lack of access to the property
and distance from the public right-of-way.
NRHP Assessment: Historic research carried out for this Project did not identify any significant
events or persons associated with this resource. Therefore it is recommended not eligible for the
NRHP under Criterion A and Criterion B. Although details could not be discerned, aerial imagery
suggests that the dwelling is an unexceptional, heavily modified design that is not a good example
of a particular architectural style. Thus, ERM recommends resource RB0710 not eligible under
Criterion C.
October 2018 29 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
RB0711
RB0711 is located at 4784 NC -71, Maxton approximately 0.13 miles southwest of the proposed
Project (Appendix A). The resource is situated on a 1.11 -acre lot accessed from NC -17, 0.2 miles
down a dirt driveway. The surrounding area is rural, with agricultural fields lying to the north, west,
and south, while dense forest lies to the east. Neighboring dwellings are visible from the resource
but are scattered across the area.
RB0711 could not be accessed during survey on June 14, 2018. Information about this resource
was gathered using the Robeson County Tax Assessor website, topographic images, Google
street view, and both current and historic aerial photographs. The resource is comprised of a
linear ranch dwelling, carport, and seven outbuildings (Appendix B, Figure 91). The one-story
ranch dwelling, according to tax assessor information, constructed in 1955 (Robeson County Tax
Administration Office 2018). The exterior is replacement vinyl with a stone divide between the two
roof levels. The side -gabled roof is covered in standing seam metal (Appendix B, Figure 92). The
center rear (south) elevation roofline appears to be altered to line up with the northeast elevation's
roofline, based on what can be seen on aerial photographs. An exterior chimney constructed of
concrete masonry units is located on the southwest elevation. A metal, shed -roof porch addition
on the front (northwest) elevation is supported by wood posts. The door is replacement vinyl with
an oval light spanning the door's length. Windows vary in size, but are all vinyl sash replacements
with six -over -six applied muntins.
Directly to the dwelling's southwest corner is a ca. 2000, open-air, carport with a gable roof
supported by round metal poles (Appendix B, Figure 93). Approximately 42 feet to the southeast
of the carport is a ca. 1990 outbuilding, Outbuilding 1, which features a gabled, standing seam
metal roof and shed additions to the east and west elevations. Its roof is supported by wood logs.
Directly at Outbuilding 1's southern corner is Outbuilding 2. This structure also has a gabled,
standing seam metal roof supported with log posts. The gable portions are infilled with wood.
Behind both Outbuildings 1 and 2 are two small, shed -roofed, square footprint structures,
designated as Outbuildings 3 and 4, which were not visible from the right-of-way. Outbuilding 5
appears to connect to the east end of Outbuilding 1. The roof appears to be a gabled and clad in
standing seam metal, with additions built to the south elevation, the southernmost apparently
overlapping Outbuilding 1. Finally, Outbuilding 6 is located behind (east of) Outbuilding 5 and is
a small rectangular footprint structure with shed roof.
NRHP Assessment: Historic research carried out for this Project did not identify any significant
events or persons associated with this resource, and ERM recommends it not eligible for the
NRHP under Criterion A and Criterion B. The Ranch style house is a common type seen
throughout the area, and RB0711 presents an unremarkable, heavily modified example. Given its
lack of architectural integrity and distinction, ERM recommends resource RB0710 not eligible for
the NRHP under Criterion C.
RB0712
The resource at 3242 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312 is approximately 0.45 miles northwest
of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The dwelling is located above the road, on the southeast
side, with other dwellings in the near vicinity. The ground slopes down to the northwest where the
land is overgrown with grass and other vegetation. The dwelling appears to be abandoned
(Appendix B, Figure 94).
October 2018 30 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, the structure associated with
RB0712 was built in 1955. However, historic aerial photographs from 1956 and 1959 do not show
the dwelling (NETRonline 2018). The design and materials are consistent with a 1955
construction date, so it is possible the house was moved to this location. The side -gabled dwelling
has a concrete masonry unit exterior and foundation with a standing -seam metal roof (Appendix
B, Figure 95). It has two -over -two, double -hung, wooden windows and an off -center, interior,
concrete masonry unit chimney that pierces the ridge of the roof. The gable ends are covered in
vinyl siding and oriented strand board (Appendix B, Figure 96). The primary entrance is slightly
off -center on the northwest elevation, and is filled with a replacement vinyl door with six panels.
An entry porch with three concrete masonry unit steps is also located on the northwest elevation.
The porch has a concrete masonry unit foundation, poured concrete floor, and a front -gabled,
standing -seam metal roof supported by decorative metal filigree posts with scroll motif; there is
vinyl siding in the porch's gable end. A secondary entrance is located on the southwest elevation,
with a concrete masonry unit stoop for accessibility. The dwelling is in poor condition.
NRHP Assessment: RB0712 is a vernacular dwelling of unremarkable design that features some
replacement materials, and is currently in poor condition. ERM recommends RB0712 ineligible
for the NRHP under Criterion C. Furthermore, the historic research completed for the Project did
not reveal any significant people or events associated with the resource. ERM recommends the
resource not eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
RB0713
RB0713 is located at 2820 Oxendine School Road/Route 1312 and is approximately 0.44 miles
northwest of the proposed Project (Appendix A). The resource is located above the road, on the
southeast side. The dwelling is situated on a parcel with a few trees that provide privacy and
shade. The resource includes a dwelling, shed, and chicken coop (Appendix B, Figure 97).
According to the Robeson County Tax Administration website, the dwelling was built in 1950.
However, historic aerials from 1956 and 1959 do not show the dwelling (NETRonline 2018). The
design and materials are consistent with a 1950 construction date, so it is possible the house was
moved to this location. The front -gabled vernacular structure has a standing -seam metal roof and
a continuous concrete masonry unit foundation (Appendix B, Figure 98). It has replacement vinyl
siding and replacement, one -over -one, double -hung, vinyl windows with six -over -six and six -over -
nine applied muntins (Appendix B, Figure 99). The windows are arranged in single and paired
placements. The primary entrance is located on the northwest elevation through a vinyl
replacement door with six panels. The partial -width front porch on the northwest elevation has a
concrete masonry unit foundation, poured concrete floor, and a front -gabled roof supported by
metal decorative filigree posts with scroll design. The roof is clad in standing -seam metal, and the
porch's gable end has vinyl siding, like the main block of the house. Three additions are located
on the dwelling's southwest elevation: a rear shed -roof addition, a small gable addition in the
middle, and a larger shed -roof addition that extends to the front of the house, flush with the
northwest fagade; all have the same metal roofing found on the original block (Appendix B, Figure
100). The two rear additions feature vinyl siding like the original block. The circa 1970 addition
sits on a continuous brick foundation, and features aluminum siding and the only wood -frame
window retained on the dwelling—a one -over -one unit. Another addition is located on the
southeast elevation (Appendix B, Figure 101). This circa 1970 addition has a standing -seam
metal, hipped roof with vinyl siding. The foundation could not be seen from the public right-of-
way. A six -paneled vinyl door is located on the northeast elevation. The dwelling is in fair
condition.
October 2018 31 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
RB0713 has two outbuildings: a shed and a chicken coop (Appendix B, Figure 102). The
prefabricated shed is a circa 2010 structure with a front -gabled, corrugated metal roof, one -over -
one vinyl windows, and a vinyl door on the northeast elevation. The circa 2015 chicken coop is
located to the southwest of the house, and has a metal panel as a roof. No other details could be
discerned from the public right-of-way. Both outbuildings are in poor to fair condition.
NRHP Assessment: The dwelling at RB0713 reflects a vernacular style common in the area. In
addition, the replacement siding, windows, and doors and the multiple additions have diminished
the resource's integrity of design, materials, and feeling. Therefore, ERM recommends RB0713
ineligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. The historic research completed for the Project did not
identify any significant personages or events associated with the resource. Therefore, ERM
recommends RB0713 ineligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B.
October 2018 32 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Report
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This report presents findings related to the Piedmont Natural Gas Robeson LNG Project in
Robeson County, North Carolina. The findings pertain to an architectural survey completed in
June 2018 by ERM. A total of 17 resources were surveyed during the current field effort. They
include 15 dwellings, a church, and a school. All 17 resources are recommended ineligible for the
NRHP.
October 2018 33 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
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APPENDIX A: PROJECT MAP DEPICTING RESOURCE LOCATIONS
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

I
1
1
4
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1
1
■
■
3
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1
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R B 0698
i
1
1
I
I
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Copyright -V 2013 National Geographic.Society i -cubed
NT- of—f— : f a» •.� n:ar n raw purw se+
Project Boundary
_ ; D.5 Mile Buffer Surveyed Historic Resources
Robeson LNG
Exclusion Zone Robeson County, {
ERM Recorded Historic Structures (NRNP Ineligible) North Carolina [ �c�
D 1.090 2000. 3,000 4,00Feet 1:27,891 ERM
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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
APPENDIX B — RESOURCE FIGURES
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Cherokee Circle
Figure 1. R130697, sketch map.
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October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 4. RB0697, dwelling and well house, east and north elevations, view to the southwest.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Barn
Dwelling
Well
Cherokee Circle
Figure 5. RB0698, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Figure 6. R130698, dwelling, north and east elevations, view to the southwest.
Figure 7. R130698, barn and well, east and south elevations, view to the northwest.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Wellhouse F=I
i
Garage 1
Figure 8. RB0699, sketch map.
0
Shed 1
Equipment Shelter
Shed 2 Shed 3
Garage 2
1IM Chicken Coop
NC Hwy. 71
Dwelling
8
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Figure 9. RB0699, dwelling, north elevation, view to the south.
Figure 10. R130699, dwelling, north and west elevations, view to the south-southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 15. RB0699, Shed 1, north elevation, view to the south.
Figure 16. RB0699, Shed 2, Shed 3, Garage 2, chicken coop, north and west elevations, view to
the southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas
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Figure 15. RB0699, Shed 1, north elevation, view to the south.
Figure 16. RB0699, Shed 2, Shed 3, Garage 2, chicken coop, north and west elevations, view to
the southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Club House
Carport Z
Outbuilding 1
Carport 1
Storage Shed
Cemetery
(first portion)
Cemetery
(Second portion)
Garage
Figure 17. RB0700, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 18. RB0700, Cherokee Chapel Holiness Methodist Church, east elevation, view to the west.
Figure 19. RB0700, Cherokee Chapel Holiness Methodist Church, oblique of east and south
elevations, view to the northwest.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 20. RB0700, Cherokee Chapel Holiness Methodist Church, oblique of east and north
elevations, view to the southwest.
Figure 21. RB0700, club house, oblique of east and south elevations, view to the northwest.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 22. RB0700, garage, oblique of east and north elevations, view to the southwest.
Figure 23. RB0700, cemetery, first portion from Oxendine School Road, view to the west.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 24. RB0700, cemetery, second portion from Oxendine School Road, view to the west.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
0 Original
0 Addition 1
0 Addition 2
0 Addition 3
0 Addition 4
0 Porch Addition
I I Out(
❑nendine School Road/Ro4e 1312
Figure 25. RB0701, sketch map.
Classroom 4
Portable Classroom 3
cla WORM 2
Classroom 1
Dugout 1
EBagehall Dugout2
Swing Set
Equipment Shed
a
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Figure 26. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, overview, west and north elevations, view to the
southeast.
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Figure 27. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, original block with chimney stack, west elevation,
view to the east.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 28. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, original block, south elevation, view to the north.
Figure 29. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 1, north elevation, view to the southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
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Figure 30. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, porch addition, west elevation, view to the
east-northeast.
Figure 31. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 2, west and north elevations, view b
the southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 32. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 3, south and west elevations, view to
the northeast.
Figure 33. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 3, east and south elevations, view to
the northwest.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Figure 34. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 4, south and west elevations, view to
the northeast.
Figure 35. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 4, west elevation, view to the east.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 36. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, Addition 4, north elevation, view to the southwest.
Figure 37. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, Portable Classroom 1, south and west elevations,
view to the northeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
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Figure 40. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, partial view of Portable Classroom 4, northwest
and southwest elevations, view to the east.
Figure 41. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, Portable Classroom 5, west elevation, view to
the northeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 42. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, Portable Classroom 6, north and west elevations,
view to the southeast.
Figure 43. RB0701, Oxendine Elementary School, garage, south elevation, view to the north.
J
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 44. R130701, Oxendine Elementary School, equipment shed, northeast and northwest
elevations, view to the south.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
I
Outbuilding
Shed
Pool
Dwelling
Iz
i
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4!�
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1�
Figure 45. RB0702, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
NC Hwy 17
Dwelling
•
1
Outbuilding AN
Figure 50. RB0703, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 53. RB0703, outbuilding, north elevation, view to the south.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
NC Hwy 7
Figure 54. RB0704, sketch map.
Dwelling
F
outbuilding
Wellhouse
Fil
, AN
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 59. RB0704, outbuilding and well house, north and east elevations, view to the southwest.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Dwelling
Cherokee Circle
Figure 60. RB0705, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Mobile Home
, AN
Figure 62. RB0706, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 63. R130706, dwelling, northeast elevation, view to the southwest.
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Figure 64. RB0706, dwelling, northeast and southeast elevations, view to the west.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 67. RB0706, dwelling, mobile home, and shed, northeast and northwest elevations, view to
the south.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Qxendine School Road /Route 1312
13
Dwelling
Garage
AN
Figure 68. RB0707, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Oxendine 5—`1 Road/Route 1312
Dwelling
Wellhouse
Garage
E8
AN
Figure 73. RB0708, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
PhacP I Hictnrir Arrhiterti iml
Figure 78. RB0708, well house, west and north elevations, view to the southeast.
Figure 79. RB0708, garage, north elevation, view to the south.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas
'
Figure 78. RB0708, well house, west and north elevations, view to the southeast.
Figure 79. RB0708, garage, north elevation, view to the south.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Oxendine School
Bunker Silo
Pesticide Storage
Figure 80. R130709, sketch map.
1►�I
Outbuilding
ID Shed
Barn
AN
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Figure 83. RB0709, dwelling, north and east elevations, view to the southwest.
Figure 84. R130709, shed, north and west elevations, view to the southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 87. RB0709, pesticide storage structure, north elevation, view to the south.
Figure 88. RB0709, barn, north elevation, view to the south-southeast.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
010
1 Dwelling
ti
Mobile Home m
3
21
.i
4
/'Nk
Figure 89. RB0710, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 90. RB0710, view west from Reverend Bill Road right-of-way.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
m
3
s�
Q
Dwelling
Outbuilding 5
i OOutbuilding 6
Carport
Ae
Outbuilding 1
Outbuilding 4
Outbuilding 2
Outbuilding 3 AN
Figure 91. RB0711, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
Oxendine School Road/Route 1312
Figure 94. R130712, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Shed
Chicken Coop
Dwelling
Oxendine School Road/Route 1312
Figure 97. RB0713, sketch map.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

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Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural Re
Figure 102. RB0713, shed and chicken coop, northwest and southwest elevations, view to the east.
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Robeson LNG Project
Phase I Historic Architectural
APPENDIX C — RESUME OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
October 2018 Piedmont Natural Gas

Mary Beth Derrick
Architectural Historian
Ms. Derrick meets the Secretary of the Interior's qualification standards [36 CFR611 for
Architectural Historian. She has survey experience in West Virginia, Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Mary Beth has extensive experience in
conducting historic research and fieldwork for federal and state agencies, which has
led to the completion of historic site inventory forms, historic structure reports,
ition assessments, and mitigation plans.
Mary Beth also has an educational background in history and art history. She has had
experience in museum exhibits, surveys at the local and state level, photo simulations,
IS, and measured -drawings.
Experience: 1.75 years of experience in the field of
Cultural Resource Management.
Linkedln: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mary-beth-
derrick-a5920bl2l/
Email: [e-mail]
Professional Affiliations & Registrations
■ Society of Architectural Historians
■ The Vernacular Architecture Forum
Fields of Competence
■ Architectural surveys and evaluations
■ Historic documentary research
■ National Register of Historic Places eligibility
evaluation and assessments for historic resources
■ Compliance with state, and federal cultural resource
regulations, including guidelines set forth by various
State Historic Preservation Offices, the National
Historic Preservation Act and the National
Environmental Policy Act
■ Historic Structure Reports
■ Cultural Resource Survey and Reporting for Federal
Agencies including FERC, FCC, and USACE
■ Measured Drawings
■ Photo Simulations
The business of sustainability
Education
■ M.A., Architectural History, University of Virginia,
2016
■ Certificate in Historic Preservation, University of
Virginia, 2016
■ B.A., History, University of South Carolina, 2013
■ B.A., Art History, University of South Carolina, 2013
Languages
■ English, native speaker
Key Industry Sectors
■ Power generation and transmission
■ Oil and gas

Mary Beth Derrick
Key Projects
Mt. Storm Wind Force Project, West Virginia,
U.S.A., NextEra Energy, Inc., 2016
Participated in field surveys and assessments of previously -listed
and unlisted historic structures within the project's area of potential
effect, evaluated the project's impact on the structures, and compiled
Historic Property Inventory Forms for submission
Atlantic Coast Pipeline, West Virginia, Virginia,
North Carolina, U.S.A., Dominion Power, 2016 -
present
Conducted field surveys and assessments of previously -listed and
unlisted historic structures within the project's APE and proposed
compressor stations and evaluated their viewshed toward the
proposed project. Determined the project's impact on the historic
resources, their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of
Historic Places, completed West Virginia Historic Property Inventory
Forms, input data into Virginia Cultural Resources Information
System, and completed North Carolina Historic Preservation Office
Survey Database entries. Worked on assessment of effects and
treatment plans for cultural resources to mitigate project effects.
Worked on project components being permitted by FERC and FCC.
Consulted with state SHPOs as appropriate.
Dominion Virginia Power Idylwood Transmission
Line Project, Virginia, U.S.A., Dominion Power, 2017 -
present
Took high-resolution photo simulations of areas that could be
affected by the proposed Project and wrote assessments of
previously recorded historic resources in the area.
Driftwood LNG Project, Louisiana, U.S.A.,
Driftwood LNG LLC, 2017
Completed Louisiana Historic Resource Inventory forms, prepared all
deliverables for submission to the LA SHPO.
Scotland Neck Transmission Line, North Carolina,
U.S.A., Dominion Power, 2017
Conducted field surveys assessments of previously listed and
unlisted historic structures in the town of Scotland Neck, NC and
evaluated their viewshed towards the proposed project. Completed
North Carolina Historic Preservation Office Survey Database entries
Mountaineer Xpress Project, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
Columbia Gas Transmission, 2016 -present
Wrote assessments of historic structures, determined the project's
impact on the historic resources, their eligibility for inclusion on the
National Register of Historic Places, and completed Historic Property
Inventory Forms
www.erm.com
Supply Header Pipeline, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
Dominion Power, 2016-2017
Conducted field surveys, assessed historic structures, and evaluated
the project's area of potential effect (APE) in West Virginia.
Determined resources' eligibility for inclusion on the National Register
of Historic Places, and completed Historic Property Inventory Forms
Moneta Divide Lake Development Project, Montana,
U.S.A., Aethon Energy, 2018
Investigated the proposed Project's effects on a historic trail and
possible mitigation efforts