WQ0033455_Report_20191128

NOV 21200
Fl
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THE CLIFFS AT HIGH CARO LI Nk
BUNCOMBE COUNTY,. NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR:
THE CLIFFS COMMUNITIES
MR. DON NICKELL
3598 HIGHWAY I I
TRAVELER'S REST, SOUTH CAROLINA 29690
ORIGINAL: OCTOBER 21, 2008
REVISED: NOVEMBER 1 8, 2008
BROOKS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES
PROJECT No. 307808
17 Arlington Street
Asheville NC 28801
828.232.4700

THE CLIFFS AT HIGH CAROLINA
WASTEWATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE
MA NUA L
PREPARED FOR:
THE CLIFFS AT HIGH CAROLINA, LLC
359B HIGHWAY 1 1
TRAVELERS REST, SC 29 69 0
`��ryti11!lllftlE/rds
hr
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REVISED: NOVEMBER 19, 2008
BROOKS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES PROJECT No.: 307808
1 7 ARLINGTON STREET
ASHEVILLE, NC 28801
828.232.4700

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Purpose and Scope
2.0 Wastewater Treatment System
2.1
Treatment Plant Background and Design
2.2
Operation and Maintenance
2.3
Routine Operation Checklist
2.4
Operational Data Gathering
2.5
Startup
2.6
Safety
2.7
Emergency Plan
3.0 Monitoring
System
3.1
Effluent Water Quality Monitoring
3.2
Weather Monitoring
3.3
Upset Condition Monitoring
4.0 Drip Irrigation System
4.1 Operation
4.2 Maintenance
5.0 Residuals Management Plan
6.0 Emergency Response
7.0 Attachments
A — Irrigation Schedule
B — WWS PC Control System Operator's Manual
C — Residuals Acceptance Letter from Buncombe County MSD
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1.0 Purpose & Scope
This Operations & Maintenance Manual is developed as a guideline for general daily,
weekly, monthly and annual operations and maintenance of the 200,000 gpd wastewater
treatment system and low rate drip irrigation disposal system. This plan is developed in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2T.0507.
This O&M Manual references the engineering plans and specifications and is not intended
to be a stand-alone document. It should be utilized in conjunction with the engineering
plans and specifications along with the equipment manufacturer's recommendations.
The operations will need to be amended as necessary by the licensed operator to insure
efficient operation of the systems and protect against water quality permit violations. No
equipment changes to the system(s) shall be made without the expressed consent of the
project engineer and the manufacturer. Doing so may void the respective warranty.
The WWTP and disposal system must be operated and maintained in accordance with the
Non -Discharge Permit conditions. Refer to the current permit for operation, monitoring and
reporting requirements.
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The Cliffs at High Carolina
Operation & Maintenance Manual

2.0 Wastewater Treatment System
2.1 Treatment Plant Background and Design
This site is served by a municipal water supply and an onsite wastewater treatment
system. The wastewater collection will lead to an Aqueonics onsite tertiary sewage
treatment facility. The treatment facility proposes to discharge treated effluent to on-site
disposal system, which are fed by dosing force mains designed by others from a dosing
storage tank attached to the treatment system. The sewerage system will ultimately be
designed, treat and discharge to service the anticipated discharge from future dwelling
units and commercial development and will be constructed in two phases, of which initial
construction will be for Phase I, serving Villages 1-5, 7, 9, 10, and 13. This phase will
include, besides the residences, an Inn, Restaurant, Market, Banquet facility, 3 spas,
and a clubhouse with an anticipated 98,410 gallons per day (gpd) total flow. Phase ll
will comprise villages 6, 8, 11, 12, and 14. The full descriptions and associated flows are
tabulated in Figure 1.
Water Consumption Treatment and Discharge Considerations
Treatment facilities have been designed to treat 100,000 gpd for Phase 1, and 200,000
gpd for Phase II.
Nitrogen content of the influent wastewater is expected to be typical of a mixture of
domestic sewage values of mixed residential and commercial sources.
This project is subject to discharge criteria established by the NCDENR for nitrogen and
Phosphorus -limited discharge. The treatment facility has therefore been designed for
nitrogen and Phosphorus removal to comply with applicable standards for pretreatment.
General Considerations
The selection of a treatment technology and disposal strategy at this site is governed by
the recent concern for dwindling groundwater resources and desire not to increase
groundwater pollution with nitrogen discharged in treated wastewater. Discharge criteria
are imposed by The State of North Carolina, Department of Environment and Natural
IuNi
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Resources (NCDENR). The NCDENR limits the concentration of nitrate -nitrogen (further
presuming that ammonia discharged is converted to nitrate) in a groundwater plume as it
leaves the site to 5 mg/I, with additional hydraulic loading limitations on subsurface
distribution beds as determined by the soils and groundwater.
The available processes which are economically and operationally capable of eliminating
large amounts of nitrogen from domestic -type wastewaters are limited. The selection of
technology is especially limited when one compares the nature of operator skill and level
of maintenance generally available to a small municipal or privately operated plant to
those plants operated by industry or a large utility for the removal of nitrogen. The basic
process proposed to treat domestic wastewater and remove nitrogen at this facility is a
continuous sequential Carbon Oxidation - Nitrification - Denitrification system using
endogenous carbon for denitrification. Sequential aerobic/anaerobic (anoxic) conditions
with recycle of nitrified wastewater for BOD enrichment to accomplish denitrification
using fixed -film media reactors is employed.
The specific process design selected for this project is a biological process, which
makes use of concepts that have generally been known for more than 25 years to the
technical, community interested in advanced technology for removal of nitrogen
compounds. Pilot systems using this process were first installed in the mid -1970's, with
full scale installations occurring in 1979.
Nitrogen Loading and Unit Processes Descriptions
Typical design nitrogen content of domestic wastewater recommends that a value of 40
mg/I as N be used. Organic nitrogen is both soluble and particulate with the soluble
organic nitrogen mainly in the form of urea and amino acids. Primary sedimentation acts
to remove a portion of the particulate organic matter. This removal generally will allow
80% or less of the total nitrogen entering the plant reaching the biological treatment
process. Ordinary secondary biological treatment will remove most particulate organic
nitrogen and transform some to ammonium and other inorganic forms. Soluble organic
nitrogen is partially transformed to ammonium by microorganisms, but concentrations of
1 to 3 mg/I are usually found in biological treatment effluents.
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Because of the cost and inconvenience of most organic carbon sources used in
denitrification processes, a number of processes have been developed or are currently
under development in which the carbon oxidation -nitrification -denitrification processes
are combined into a coherent operational plan.The advantage of such processes for
effective nitrogen removal, of which this is an example, include: (1) reduction in the
volume of air applied to suspended solids (or pumping energy to a trickling filter) to
achieve nitrification and BODS removal; (2) elimination of the supplemental organic
carbon sources (e.g., methanol) required to complete denitrification; (3) stability of
operations over long time periods
In these combined processes, either the endogenous decay of the organisms or the
carbon in the wastewater is used to achieve denitrification. In addition to the Aqueonics
process, other examples include oxidation ditches where rotor oxygenation levels are
controlled as in the "Bardenpho" process. The reader is invited to review the 1975
USEPA Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control Section 5.5 where combined
Carbon Oxidation - Nitrification - Denitrification System using endogenous carbon and
Sequential Operations developments are reviewed and commented upon. Most of these
processes, however, utilize suspended growth rather than fixed -film growth, which is a
serious disadvantage to stable operation in small facilities such as this one.
As early as 1975 a Danish plant of 1.5 million'gallons per day (mgd) using the
"alternating contact" process was able to achieve nitrate levels of 2.0 to 5.0 mg/I. The
"Bardenpho" process of South African development was also able to achieve 5 to 7 mg/I
of total nitrogen under long term performance, at 26,000 gpd. Problems with the larger
EPA Blue Plains pilot plant of the same time period point out the specific advantage of
the Aqueonics process over the early work in',this field which was associated with
suspended growth reactors to accomplish oxidation and denitrification.
Operation of suspended growth reactors in the alternating aerobic/anaerobic (anoxic)
mode requires an F/M ratio sufficiently low to permit the development of a mixed culture
of organisms for carbon oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification; and severe
filamentous bulking conditions are also developed sometimes in the sludge as a result of
this low F/M ratio. Maintenance of this proper ratio is a sophisticated operational
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problem. Fixed -film reactors by their inherent nature require no F/M ratio, since fixed
bacteria automatically adjust their growth rate to the food source, and there is, of course,
no suspended sludge to bulk. Fixed -film designs, therefore serve to avoid these
problems, give greater stability to the process, and greatly reduce the risk of sludge
loading of the subsurface distribution beds.
The Blue Plains work did serve to establish several benchmarks with respect to criteria
used in the design of alternating systems. They are as follows: (1) To evaluate
nitrification limitations on a system, both nitrogen loads and nitrification rates must be
taken into account, and, (2) there is general agreement that the design of the combined
carbon oxidation -nitrification functions of the aerobic phase(s) can be separated from
the anoxic phase(s). Therefore, the carbon oxidation and nitrification calculations for the
aerobic periods can be virtually identical to those advanced for ordinary carbon
oxidation -nitrification processes (See same USEPA document Section 4.4.1).
The Blue Plains work also supports a rational approach to sizing of the denitrification
steps and presents measured denitrification rates in systems using wastewater as the
organic carbon source. The relatively modern concept of the coupling of an anaerobic
(anoxic) residence period with an aerobic residence period in these systems is based on
the recognition that dissimilatory denitrification is accomplished by facultative bacteria
using biochemical pathways that are almost identical to aerobic biochemical pathways.
These facultative bacteria can shift readily from using nitrate to using oxygen and vice
versa. In the aerobic towers, the carbon and ammonia are oxidized and nitrogen gas
stripped from solution so that nitrogen gas bubbles will not form in the next packed -
reactor or in the sedimentation process.
Aqueonics' use of fixed -film reactors with stable operational characteristics is a
considerable advancement over other aerobic/anaerobic (anoxic) processes, and
provides a more easily operated, more reliable, less maintenance intensive, and less
costly system to operate than denitrification processes using either methanol -based
systems or suspended growth alternating systems. Systems such as air -stripping and
selective ion exchange have not been considered to be appropriate for this application.
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

in addition to alternating aerobic/anaerobic (anoxic) fixed -film reactors, this system also
1 incorporates a primary clarifier to take advantage of its large removal rate of particulate
__J organic nitrogen and BOD. Careful attention has been given to integrating hydraulic
loadings, recycle capability, the ability of the operator to divide and redirect flow through
L-! the facility, and sludge handling and solids separation in this facility to provide a plant
- with proper balance and flexibility in operation. Aqueonics has conducted extensive full
__dI scale testing at Castlewood, California to verify kinetic design parameters for this
process and the results of that work are incorporated in this design. Aqueonics full scale
denitrifying plants utilizing the proposed process have been in operation in California
since 1979, Pennsylvania since 1983, South Carolina since 1981, and in New Jersey
since 1985. We therefore conclude this process to be the most appropriate technology
for use at this site. For this facility, alum addition for physical/chemical removal of
Phosphorus has been integrated into the process.
The system selected is the Aqueonics K -Series design as described in the process flow
64 schematic below. The process provides screening, maceration, full flow equalization,
primary sedimentation, and a series of three alternating aerobic and (anaerobic) anoxic
I" reactors which are designed for carbon oxidation - nitrification and denitrification using
flMm; influent sewage as a carbon source for denitrification. Sand filtration and ultraviolet
disinfection to permit limit system follows tertiary treatment for further assurance of water
quality. The tankage is of reinforced concrete construction, totally enclosed, and the
aerobic reactors are of the fixed -film PVC media type, totally enclosed within an
insulated shelter which is placed atop the tankage. A controlled forced air supply is
provided for purging of gases in tanks and for air flow in the towers utilized in the
process. All process air is pre -scrubbed in the trickling filters, then purified of odors,
moisture, and contamination through a combination potassium permanganate / activated
carbon filter before being exhausted from the building. All machinery and equipment are
Located inside the insulated building, so that the only sound external to the enclosure
should be a minimal hum of the blowers.
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Design Conditions
The wastewater treatment plant has daily capacity of 200,000 gallons per day based
upon influent from the facilities listed on page one. The plant is designed to be
utilized for treatment of domestic sewage having a maximum daily average
concentration of:
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 day) (BOD) 350 mg/I
Total Suspended Solids (SS) 250 mg/I
Total Nitrogen (N) 60 mg/I
Total Phosphorus (P) 20 mg/I
Effluent Requirements
Effluent quality from this plant is designed to have a maximum 30 day average
concentration of:
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 day) (BOD) 10.0 mg/1
Total Suspended Solids (SS) 5.0 mg/I
Ammonia Nitrogen + Nitrate Nitrogen <6 mg/1
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) >6.0 mg/I
Total Phosphorus (P) 1 mg/ I
pH 6.5-8.5 S.U.
Fecal Coliform 14 MPN/100 ml
The achievement of the specified effluent quality is contingent upon sufficient nutrient
levels being present in the process waters, including sufficient alkalinity, and the
exclusion of any biologically inhibitory constituents. Effluent problems most
frequently reflect influent problems, so one of the first things to be done when
problems are encountered is to check the influent quantity and quality. Periodic
baseline samples should be taken regularly to assess the status of influent compared
to design and to effluent performance.
General Description
The wastewater treatment plant design is that of the Aqueonics Inc. Model K-200-3
as manufactured by Aqueonics Inc., 4115 East North Street, Suite 202, Greenville,
SC 29615-6212. The wastewater treatment system incorporates the concept of
alternating aerobic and anaerobic (anoxic) treatment. The complete system includes
all necessary equipment for efficient plant operation and utilizes a process composed
of an influent trash basket, an equalization basin with grinder pumps and forward
flow control device, a primary sedimentation basin, three pairs of alternating aerobic
and anaerobic (anoxic) fixed -film media reactors, sand filtration, ultraviolet
disinfection to permit limit, an effluent dosing tank with delivery system, and sludge
holding and sludge thickening tanks. The wastewater treatment plant is operationally
flexible and capable of handling loading variations. The equalization tank is capable
of storing at least 25% of the average daily flow. It is possible to suspend treatment
while removing process elements from service during periods of low loadings or in
the event that maintenance is required, although treatment maybe negatively
affected by operation with process elements out of service.
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An emergency power system is provided to serve the treatment plant.
Valving has been provided to enable the operator to redirect flow within the plant in
the event that process units require maintenance or cleaning. This valving and
auxiliary piping provide flexibility of operation and ease of maintenance.
Plant Aesthetics
The wastewater treatment plant will be located, in proximity to the dwellings,
clubhouse and golf course. Therefore, consideration has been given to the
aesthetics, noise, safety and odor control of the wastewater treatment plant. The
entire treatment plant is secured and contained within or beneath a locked service
building which is architecturally compatible with its surroundings. All mechanical
equipment has been contained within the service building to minimize noise. All air
discharged from the plant will be chemically scrubbed and filtered to remove odors.
Description of Process
The treatment process includes the process stages as shown in the following list and
discussed below:
1 Flow Equalization
2 Primary Sedimentation
3 Alternating Aerobic/Anaerobic (Anoxic) Treatment — Three Stages
4 Up -Flow Sand Filtration
5 Redundant Ultra Violet Disinfection System
6 Effluent Discharge Works
7 Sludge Holding Tank
8 Sludge Thickening Tank
9 Odor Control and Positive Treatment of all Process Gases
The process wastewater flows sequentially through the following chambers: (Figure
2)
1.
Flow Equalization
2.
Primary Clarification
3.
Aerobic #1
4.
Anaerobic #1
5.
Aerobic #2
6.
Anaerobic #2
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

7. Aerobic #3
8. Anaerobic #3
9. Up -Flow Sand Filtration System
10. Redundant Ultra Violet Disinfection System
11. Effluent Pumping Station
12. Sludge Holding Tank
13. Sludge Thickening Tank
2,2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The routine operation of the plant will consist of inspection of plant processes and
equipment, solids handling when needed, replenishing of chemicals, wastewater
sampling, housekeeping and maintenance, and recordkeeping.
Even more important to successful operation of the plant is an understanding for and
empathy with what is going on in the system of which is the operator's responsibility.
Crucial to successful operation will be a continuing observation of influent and dialogue
with Clubhouse management regarding their effluent with emphasis on the impact of
their changes on your plant operation. Clubhouse operational changes must consider
impact on the treatment plant operation. Prepare in advance for heavy usages from
special events by being aware of what will be happening at public gathering facilities.
Entering the plant, the operator should smell and visually determine that there are no
existing or potential problems. The operator's daily checklist describes items to be
included in this inspection. Other items may be added. The following describes in greater
detail the items to be covered in this inspection.
Control Panel Display — This is the information center of the treatment plant. The display
should be checked daily for alarm lights and plant status.
Flow Equalization Basin — The sewage level in the flow equalization basin should be
between the high and low level sensors. The inlet pipe should not be flooded. Check and
clean the bar screen. Observe the air diffusion for approximate uniformity of flow along
the width of the tank. Check the V -notch and weir in the head box for plugging and for
proper flow. Remove biological growth or solids on the orifices. Check for excessive
foaming or chemical odors in the equalization basin. This could be indicative of toxicity
and potential process problems.
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} Clarifiers — Remove debris from the collection weir. To remove surface scum, use hose,
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rake or squeegee to remove or move to skimmers while skimmer is turned on. In the anoxic
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reactors, skimmers are ineffective. Use instead the hose and spargers to cause sludge to
r'11 settle where it can be removed by air Lift. Excessive scum usually indicates that the sludge is
Li hung up on the hoppers. To remedy, use squeegee and/or "burp" the offending sludge lift. If
n the problem persists, increase the duration or frequency of sludge lift cycle. The media
A should serve to break up floating sludge, allowing it to resettle in the anaerobic reactors.
Over time the anaerobic reactors may build up an excessive bio -film growth which may plug
the fluid passages. Air spargers have been provide to dislodge this biomass periodically as
required. Sparge by simultaneously "burping" the air lift and opening the sparger air valve in
bursts to scour the film from the media surface.
Note that a surface layer of fine reddish -brown bL
healthy denitrification process and is of benefit to
This film is to be nurtured and cherished.
Aerobic Towers — Open the access doors on each
MR7
and check the spray nozzles for clogging. Most pa
the nozzles should be checked. it is important to n
in anoxic reactors is indicative of a
process through oxygen exclusion.
tower periodically to observe the media
ticularly, if the pump pressure increases,
aintain clean nozzles to assure sufficient
process flow and distribution. The spray pattern sould cover the entire surface. The odor
should not be offensive. Psychoda fillies will inevitably be present in significant numbers and
will bloom in Fail. This should not present a problem outside of housekeeping.
Sludge Transfer and Holding Tank — Sludge collected in all clarifiers is periodically airlifted
to the sludge holding tank. The frequency and duration of each lift operation is controlled by
adjustment of the respective air supply valves. The tank will naturally fill with a mixture of
sludge and water. A decanter is used to return the supernatant water to flow equalization
and to thereby concentrate the sludge, which is also aerobically digested in the sludge
holding tank. In the event the operator wishes to manually drawdown the water level in the
sludge holding tank the following procedure should be followed: (1) shut off air to the tank
(2) allow solids to settle (a definite interface should develop) (3) place the decanter pump to
the depth you wish to decant (4) turn on the decanter only long enough to allow the
supernatant to return to the equalization tank (5) return air sludge holding tank diffusers. All
airlifts should be periodically checked for proper operation. This may be done by inspection
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of the discharge pipe flow during activation of each air lift. The sludge holding/thickening
tank has been fitted with a pump on an adjustable winch to enable complete dewatering or
decanting to any level. Care must be provided when using this unit so that the pump does
not run dry or pump thickened sludge. Either types of misuse may severely damage this
pump.
Mechanical Equipment — check the drive belts on the blowers for cracks, wear or slippage
and repair as necessary. It is a good idea to keep an extra belt of each size on hand at all
times. Make sure the relief valve is not blowing off excessively. Excess blow off probably
indicates closed valves or plugged diffusers. Check the main blowers, flow equalization
blower, bio -blower, and pumps for overheating and proper lubrication. Check the potassium
permanganate media in the bio -blower. It turns color from purple to brown to gray as it is
used up. Every four to six weeks this media may have to be changed. To do this, take out
the trays and discard their contents. Refill the trays with fresh media and return them to their
appropriate slots. More frequent changing is a possible indication that anaerobiosis is
occurring in the plant or that there is an influent problem.
Low Air Pressure — The sludge tank blower is monitored by a low pressure alarm indicator
set to operate while the blower is on. Since flow equalization cannot maintain a given back
pressure, a sail -type flow switch has been installed in the main header which serves a
similar function, based on flow rather than pressure. The blowers are arranged such that
one blower supplies flow equalization, and the other serves sludge holding and airlifts.
Normally -closed valving interconnects the two systems so that fluctuations in the depth of
water in the flow equalization tank does not affect performance of airlifts.
In the event blower fails, power will be shut off to the motor of this blower, and the alarm will
be activated. While repairs are performed, valving is provided to connect the blower air
system. A backup blower assembly is provided for replacement.
To troubleshoot, try to start the failed blower on manual. If the motor doesn't run, it is an
electrical problem; if the motor runs but no air, it is a mechanical problem and the blower
must be checked. Be sure to check the belts for slipping, as this is most often the cause of
low pressure when the motor is running. Consult the Blower O & M Manual supplied by the
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manufacturer. Power must be turned off to the blower at the kill switch before beginning to
work on it.
Grinder and Dosing Pumps — These pumps are automatically set so if one fails, the other
one will come on. Both pumps may be operated on manual, BUT WATER LEVEL SHOULD
BE WATCHED to prevent level of water in tank to EVER be pumped lower than the pump
itself while on manual. Should this happen, the pump will be improperly cooled, and
damage to the motor may occur. If the pump is allowed to run dry, the seal may be
damaged.
Manual operation will bypass the normal float switch control system. However, the control
relays are wired directly from the uppermost and lowermost float switches in flow
equalization to the starter relays in the control panel. Thus under manual control, the
lowermost low water kill switch will cause either operating pumps to stop. Similarly, the high
level alarm will alternate both pumps without interaction with the control system as long as
the HOA switch is on H or A and as long as the low level kill switch is not activated. Neither
grinder pump will operate when in the "off' position, regardless of float position, however the
lock-out/tag out disconnects should be used when working on the pumps.
Manual operation will require more operator surveillance. If both grinder pumps have failed,
the plant will continue to operate by gravity flow. Such operation could result in peak
F overloading of recirculation systems and clarifiers, resulting in possible noncompliance with
i �J4 discharge specification limits, since flow equalization will be inoperative.
AGAIN — DO NOT LET SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS RUN WITHOUT WATER CONTACT. To
do so will cause the seals to fail and/or the motors.to overheat.
The submersible are removed by disconnecting the union after the vertical discharge pipe
and disconnecting the electrical connection near the hatch opening. Pipe and pump are
removed (and replaced) together and reconnected at the unions. When reinstalling all
pumps make certain that the rotation is in the proper direction. Grinder pumps will pump
water in either rotation, but the cutter will not work properly with the wrong rotation, leading
to jamming and possible electrical overload and burnout. If a pump fails, test the cause by
the following procedure:
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a. Check electrical — is pump getting required current? If not, check breakers and
float switch control. If theses function properly, check control relay for proper
operation. Otherwise, the problem is in the wiring.
b. if pump has power, attempt a momentary rotation reversal to see if impeller is
jammed. if this does not release the jam, the pump must be pulled.
c. Check for foreign material plugging or jamming the grinder.
d. Whenever grinder pumps are pulled, check condition of cutter, replace as
needed.
e. If total failure is noted, replace with like piece of equipment as it can be put back
into the same system.
f. Consult O & M Manual from suppliers for further details of maintenance.
Recirculation Pumps — Pressure sensing gauges and switches are placed downstream of
the recirculation pumps to monitor pressure variations. If operator notes indadequate
pressure on gauge where water goes to towers, then pump has failed or inlet suction has
plugged. This failure will also be indicated on the plant alarm system. Check to see if motor
is running. If not, check breaker or heater in main panel. If motor is running but not pumping,
the checks pump. If excessive pressure is observed, the spray nozzles have plugged. Spray
nozzles should be checked and cleaned regularly. The pressure switch will send an alarm
signal if the pressure is either too high or too low. Flow rate may be regulated the pinch
valves in the discharge line to control surface application rate. As the pressure drop across
the nozzles is very little, your alarm gauge may not be sufficiently sensitive to reductions in
pump output. Therefore checking of spray pattern adequacy is your best gauge of pump
performance. Check suppliers O & M Manual for maintenance procedures on pumps.
Bar Screen — Periodically clean bar screen with a rake. Be careful not to allow rakings to fall
into the equalization tank. If rakings consistently fall into the equalization tank, matting and
balling of the cellulose material will occur and lead to pump clogging or improper diffuser
operation. Collection of strings and rags can be effectively performed by suspending a loop
of barbed wire in the flow equalization basin to catch such items as they are circulated by
aeration. Wire must be periodically cleaned or replaced to be effective.
Airlifts maintenance of the airlifts is critical to the proper operation of the plant. The most
common cause of sludge handling problems is due to improper airlift operation. The airlifts
Lmo should be checked for clogging periodically. The frequency will be determined by the
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amount of solids loading. The primary clarifier should also be periodically squeegeed to
prevent "ratholing" and septic sludge. Should you notice mats of gray or black sludge
floating in a clarifier this will most likely be due to improper airlift operation or ratholing.
Ratholing is a term used to describe when an airlift does not evenly remove solids from the
hopper and thus allows a portion of the hopper to retain sludge. Retained sludge becomes
septic and , with liberation of gas, will float to the surface or underside of the anaerobic
<_+ media or plug the airlift. The remedy is to squeegee the hoppers to dislodge jammed solids
f- and/or "burp" the hopper by closing the valve in the sludge discharge line which causes air
to be forced out of the airlift intake, thereby dislodging solids. If "burping" does not clear the
F„ lift, it can be rodded out through the cap at the top of each lift which can be removed for this
purpose. The use of the spargers in the anaerobic reactors to dislodge excessive sludge
buildup on the submerged media has been described previously.
Chemical Feeds — A solution feed tank and metering pump have been provided to control
alkalinity and pH. Lime and/or soda ash addition in a slurry is provided for alkalinity/pH
control. Optimum discharge pH (when added to flow equalization) is 7.3-7.6 Feed rates
should be adjusted to achieve this value.
Nitrogen Removal Methods — Unlike domestic sewage treatment systems, it is anticipated
that TKN influent composition may contain significant quantities of convertible ammonia,
which must be nitrified. This treatment plant has been designed to provide a variety of
means for such removal. Among the arsenal of means at your disposal, aside from the
process design described in the design report section of this manual are the following
means which may be employed using existing facilities.
Aerobic Capacity Augmentation
a. Ammonia Stripping — Water as supplied naturally from the water system has a
pH in the 5-7 range. This makes it feasible to perform air stripping in flow
equalization facilities. Normally, alkalinity is added to flow equalization. If air
stripping of ammonia is desired, the pH must also be raised to 10, but it will
require lowering to the 7.5 — 8 range at the discharge from the main head box for
direct distribution to Aerobic Tower No. 1. This will maintain the high pH required
for stripping in flow equalization, but pH must then be artificially lowered for
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biological performance through acidification, as the high pH is toxic to bacteria.
Phosphoric acid is a good candidate for such use, as phosphorus is not limited in
the discharge. It should be remembered when operating in this mode, that
alkalinity (soda ash) may still be required, as well as the neutralizing acid, which
can also eat your alkalinity.
b. Aerobic Digestion in Flow Equalization — Equipment has been provided to enable
utilization of flow equalization as an aerobic digester for pretreatment of influent
organic materials. Sufficient air has been provided to accomplish this mission,
and detention times which exceed 1 day are available. To accomplish such
treatment, sludge from sludge holding is returned to flow equalization through the
decanting equipment provided. Biomass will increase naturally in this treatment
unit, but wasting will be continuous with the forward flow. Sludge wasting cycles
in primary clarification should be carefully monitored when operating in the mode
to prevent overloading of this treatment unit by the increased sludge load.
All of the process considerations which are normal to conventional activated
sludge plants or contact stabilization plants would be required to be observed
when operating in this mode, including the maintenance of proper F/M ratios and
MLSS concentrations to achieve the degree of pretreatment desired. This mode
of treatment can be expected to considerably reduce BOD and ammonia into
your treatment process, reducing the aerobic load on the owner treatment units
concurrently.
c. Redistribution of Air —When operating in the mode in which flow equalization is
being used for aerobic treatment, you will have several choices of operational
mode: This reduces the digestion load on the sludge facilities, and allows you to
do two things:
1 Operate the plant in a contact stabilization mode using the sludge holding
tank as the aerated storage/digestion stage.
2 Redistribute the blower air supply to selectively apply more air to flow
equalization, and less to sludge digestion. This air supply balance would
be determined by DO concentration in the various basins to maintain a
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concentration suitable to optimum digestion performance (greater than 2
t mg/1). In this mode, it is recommended to utilize fine bubble diffusers in
the place of the broadband diffusers supplied. Such diffusers provide
r -•p significantly improved oxygen transfer to the liquid at the penalty of
somewhat greater maintenance. Fine bubble diffusers also aid in the
F a stripping efficiency for ammonia removal.
d. Aerobic Tower Air Supply — Your plant has been supplied with a 1,000 cfm Bio -
blower discharge blower. If it is found that excessive BOD strength increases
tower BOD above 400 mg/I then augmentation of airflow in tower I may be called
for to prevent zero -order limitation of BOD removal. Airflow through tower I to
counteract this potential deficiency can be accommodated by enlarging the
capacity of the discharge bio -blower.
Nutrient Requirements —A nutrient balance which maintains a BOD:N:P ratio of 100:5:1
is always a requirement in biological systems to achieve a healthy and effective
biomass. Most domestic sewage sources produce a natural balance of nutrients. In
commercial or industrial sources, there can be an imbalance produced in which a
deficiency is encountered. You as operator should be aware of this potential problem
area and be repaired to deal with it. Phosphoric acid addition is the conventional means
for phosphorus addition, and this might be combined with an ammonia stripping
operation described in the section on nitrogen removal methods.
PEI Additionally, as described elsewhere, alkalinity is a metabolic requirement for nitrifiers,
and sufficient quantities must be provided to maintain a minimal discharge of 60 mg/I. It
should be noted that phosphoric acid addition will require additional alkalinity and pH
adjustment, and may produce problems with its removal.
Anaerobic Capacity Augmentation
a. Presentation of surface — The greatest cause of inadequate anaerobic
performance is short circuiting which limits detention time and surface exposure.
Periodic removal of excess biomass is required to prevent plugging or blockage
of some of the parallel paths through the anaerobic media. Confirmation of dwell
time and surface contact can be performed by dye test to be greater than or
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1_
equal to at least 2 hours at full flow (75 gpm). Routine checking for abnormal flow
patterns as described elsewhere in this manual is a good practice to forewarn
you of any forming problem.
b. Use of the nitrogen gas bubble laver to prevent re -aeration — The denitrification
process will naturally release nitrogen gas bubbles which will form a thin foam
layer in the surface interstices of the media. This foam layer has a beneficial
effect of providing a pure nitrogen layer which separates the air and water
interface. This prevents oxygen from diffusing into the liquid to compete with
nitrate as the oxygen source for the denitrifiers. A good foam layer is an
indication of good denitrification performance and a benefit to the process.
Uniformity of the foam layer is a gauge to proper flow distribution.
c. Addition of BOD substrate — In cases of high nitrate loading and inadequate
BOD, BOD must be increased in order to achieve denitrification. The customary
feed material for this purpose is methanol. However, methanol in excess may be
toxic to nitrifiers, and is undesirable in the discharge. This material can be used
for the purpose of gravity feeding to anoxic reactors where appropriate to
alleviate this BOD deficiency. Stoichiometrically there is a least a 4:1 requirement
of BOD per mg/I of nitrate to be removed, which would be increased by the DO
concentration entering the reactor. Excess BOD can be fed to Anaerobic III
because there is no limitation on discharge BOD, and because excess BOD at
this point will not affect any other plant process. Addition of BOD at the first
anaerobic should be unnecessary, and addition of excess BOD at the second
anaerobic could reduce the nitrification efficiency of the third aerobic. Therefore,
addition of excess BOD at this point is not recommended.
d. Adiustment of recirculation — Excessive nitrate loads on anaerobic reactor III can
be reduced through increased back-to-front recirculation. It is advantageous to
recycle greater flows to the front of the plant to thereby reduce nitrate
concentration to anaerobic III as much as practicable without exceeding zero -
order denitrification kinetics in either anaerobic I or II; and this practice should be
applied especially under low or under loading conditions. Insufficient BOD
following Aerobic III should be the norm under such conditions, making
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denitrification require BOD addition in anaerobic III. This need can be minimized
through increasing the ratio of recycle: forward flow. The anoxic reactors have
each been designed for 29 gpm flow at 2 hours detention, which will permit a
recycle ratio of up to 1.2:1, and 2.29 pounds/day/1 000ft2of nitrate removal
capacity. As much nitrate as practicable should be targeted for removal in the
first two anaerobic units.
e. Denitrification in the aerobic reactors — Under conditions in which air has been
excluded, nitrification is practiced in aerobic towers of this design, and can be
accomplished here as well, though connections are not presently installed.
through which air can be completely excluded from only tower III. Experience
with such reactors has shown , however, that in towers in which DO
concentration in the discharge does not exceed 0.5 mg/l, significant denitrification
can be accomplished in towers in which nitrification is also achieved. It is
believed that this is accomplished by layering the bio -film in which denitrifiers
underlay the nitrifiers. The nitrifier layer excludes oxygen from the denitrifiers and
consume oxygen while producing nitrate which is passed inward within the film
where it is consumed by the denitrifiers which also consume biomass as their
carbon source, together with BOD which is passed through the bio -film.
Although the minimal DO must be carefully controlled through throttling of the
bio -blower airflow, this operational mode may be applied under conditions in
which aerobic capacity is excessive and anaerobic capacity is insufficient. Such a
case might be where the flow equalization basin is being used in an extended
aeration or contact stabilization mode, and tower aerobic capacity becomes
surplus. Under such conditions, ammonia concentrations may reach discharge
standards after the first tower, for example, leaving towers 11 and Ill free for
denitrification. Another such condition might be where influent BOD concentration
dropped significantly, with a corresponding increase in nitrogen. The operator
should be aware that function of these units can be converted under certain
conditions to meet special requirements. Aqueonics should be contacted to
assist you in such a design change.
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UV Disinfection
The UV disinfection system should have the lamps routinely cleaned and
inspected in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Each UV
unit is capable of treating the peak daily flow, so shutting one of the units down
completely for routine maintenance is 'acceptable. Each unit is equipped with two
lamp banks that also are each capable of treating the peak flow. Cleaning of
individual lamp banks would not require shutting down the system. Bulbs should
be wiped clean periodically and units
manufacturer recommendations
2.3 Routine Operation Checklist
Introduction
intained in accordance with
Your Aqueonics plant after start-up is designed to operate continuously and without
constant attention to process. The process is self-adjusting, so long as the pumps,
blowers and equipment are operating properly, and your housekeeping handles the
solids produced. If radical changes in influent conditions occur, you may wish to consult
the start-up instructions to keep your plant operating at maximal efficacy.
Daily Operation Checklist
The following is a daily checklist of items which you should do. It should take no more
than 15 to 20 minutes a day, and will greatly reduce the need for emergency attention
and repairs to the mechanical equipment.
The auto -dialer emergency alarm system will alert you between visits if an emergency
condition exists to allow you to effect repairs promptly and thereby minimize the
possibility of non -conforming discharge. A description of what the probable cause and
remedy for each alarm co.
Daily Operator's Inspection Routine Checklist
1. On approach to plant, check for odors. Determine source and rectify.
2. On entering plant, did you note any unusual odors? Electrical overheat, septic, oil,
rubber. If so check for source.
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Lid
3. Check control panel for alarm lights and for correct green lights. Make note of all
caution and alarms lights as a check list. After correction, make note of causes and
response in the daily log.
17111
f J 4. Check PLC data log for alarm reporting and make note of any alarm reporting in the
daily log.
5. Check your preventive maintenance schedule for specific equipment to be lubricated,
etc. today. Perform the required operations.
6. Do quick tour of equipment to check status.
Look:
a. At gauges to see if operation is in correct range
b. At flow meter to check continuity of operation
c. For leaks
d. For lube or rubber throw -off
e. For discoloration, defects, or damage
f. For loose, worn, or cracked blower belts
g. For liquid level in solution feed tanks
h. For appearance of each unit process discharge to observe proper function
i. Check and record flow equalization pump hour meter reading
Listen:
a. For bearing or gear noise
b. For air leaks or excessive blow -off
c. For unusual equipment operation, such as air starvation, excessive labor,
cavitation
Feel:
a. Motors for excessive or too little temperature.
b. For adequate air draft and interior temperature
7. Periodically (once per week, or oftener if problems are encountered) check tower
spray distribution for uniform and sufficient distribution. Clean nozzles if needed.
Are bacteria on media of normal color?
1171 8. Periodically (once per month) open the bio -blower and check potassium
permanganate filter top tray to see if filter media is still active.
Change when required by emptying and refilling all trays. Bottom three trays take
GAC. Top tray takes KMn04 pellets.
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9. Check bar screen. By inspection, is the water level in the flow equalization tank
within normal limits?
10. Record daily water usage, look for trends which could affect plant operation, adjust
head box as needed. Confirm with run-time total from hours meters.
11. Check flow equalization. Is water level within normal limits?
Check for unusual odor or appearance indicating unusual influent composition. Is
there any evidence of high level excess?
Is air diffusion uniform along the length of the tank (you may need a flashlight to
observe this). Liquid should look like raw wastewater, and should not have anoxic or
chemical odors. If it contains much sludge you probably need to waste.
Check pH and correct alkalinity if needed.
Are float switches floating freely and unencumbered?
12. Check head box. Is float switch floating freely? Clean out solids and hose off weirs.
Scrub down splash growth.
13. Check primary clarifier. Skim and waste sludge as needed. Do you have floating
sludge? Check source:
d. Is sludge hanging up in hoppers? If so, squeegee offending hopper
e. If not hanging up, increase air lift time cycle or waste sludge more frequently for
appropriate hopper
f. Is level OK, and is high level alarm float switch moving freely?
g. Is color/consistency of effluent normal? Hose weir, baffles, and sidewalls as
appropriate.
14. Check anaerobic reactors. Look for abnormal flow patter (may indicate blockage of
underfloor channels, or channeling through media). If surface sludge is observed,
check for source.
Note: if effluent sample is scheduled, take it prior to cleaning weirs or disturbing flow
in these reactors.
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Periodically (once per month) check for sludge buildup on media surfaces. You will
need to use the spargers approximately every six months to prevent blockage of
pathways through the media. Do not wait until media is completely blocked to
perform this maintenance.
15. Check sludge holding tank. Check sludge blanket level. Waste if you have a
truckload — don't wait till the whole tank is full.
Decant supernatant. Remember, if the sludge blanket gets too high, you will have
difficulty in keeping the solids in sludge holding, and little volume into which to waste
sludge form your clarifier.
Check proper operation of sludge lifts occasionally by observing a sludge wasting
cycle. See that all lifts are operating, and that sludge discharge is complete before
each wasting cycle has finished.
16. Check sand filter equipment for operation and cleanliness.
17. Check operation and cleanliness of UV disinfection equipment.
18. Check effluent dosing tank. Is liquid within normal limits? Are floats hanging freely?
19, Check alkalinity feed (if used), is it functional (if not functioning), and is material
�I
supply adequate.
20. Make note of needed supplies and place on order any with delivery times which
1,
approach the duration of the supply on hand. Order maintenance materials used for
stock supply.
21. Pull necessary samples according to test schedule.
Check daily punch sheet to see if sample results have been received from lab, and if
all necessary reports and test required by permit have been taken, prepared, or
reported, as appropriate.
u
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-' 22. Take data measurements and complete operator's log. Be sure to note date of your
observation of abnormal conditions and any change in operation parameters or
settings. Note what you observed, what you did, and when it was done.
2.4 Operational Data Gathering
Aside from the data required by permit, which must be reported, you as operator will
require certain information which will enable you to determine the source of operation
difficulties if they should arise. Simply knowing that something is wrong won't generally
give you the information you need to know to fix the problem. The sample testing
recommendations below will help you to pinpoint the general causes of potential non-
conforming operation before, hopefully, non -conforming operation actually occurs. It will
over time also give you an operational background which will allow you to predict and
ward off problems so that they will not occur.
In fixed film reactors, treatment capacity is fixed by the maximum surface area available.
This plant has been designed for certain conservatively chosen maximal values of flow,
BOD, and ammonia in the influent based on typical domestic sewage known
compositions. Loadings which differ significantly from the design values can be handled
by your plant only when they do not exceed design values when the proper adjustments
are made. Since it is difficult to predict in advance what particular conditions you may
experience, so long as loadings do not exceed design values Aqueonics can assist you
in making the proper adjustments to achieve stable operation at any reasonable flow
rate or composition.
One key factor will be to adjust the flow rate through the plant to the average daily flow
from your collection system.
The bacteria work best in a constant environment, so they will adjust their types and
populations for the temperature, food type, and quantity which are available to them.
Under overload, however, you can expect certain things to happen: First, the activity of
the aerobic heterotrophs which consume BOD is greater than that of the autotrophic
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nitrosomonas and nitrobacter which convert ammonia to nitrate (nitrifiers). The
heterotrophs are therefore dominant, and when both populations are present (as they
always are) the heterotrophs will interfere with the efficiency of the nitrifiers, as they will
dominate the fixed available surface area. Thus when the plant is biologically
LJ overloaded, resulting from either too much flow, or too great a BOD or ammonia
concentration (or a combination), then you will first see the effect in an increase in the
LA ammonia discharge concentration, as the heterotrophs will displace the nitrifiers on the
n available surface.
The ammonia discharge can also be adversely affected by a lack of alkalinity in the
water. This condition is particularly appropriate to the aquifers in the area. The alkalinity
is required and is consumed in the nitrification process, so you should be aware that it is
important to keep a close check on this parameter. You should keep alkalinity levels to
60 or more mg/I throughout the process.
Optimum value of pH for both the nitrification and denitrification processes is at 7.5. You
should attempt to keep it there. Keeping the pH at this level also conserves alkalinity.
Recommended Data Acquisition:
Twice a month, during startup, operational changes, or problems. Less frequently when
conditions are steady and plant is operating normally.
Influent (Sample obtained from flow equalization)
1 BOD
2 Suspended Solids
3 TKN
4 Alkalinity
Effluent (Sample obtained from dosing well)
1 pH
2 BOD
3 Suspended Solids
4 Ammonia
5 Nitrate (NO3-N)
6 Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
7 Hydraulic Flow (Daily average)
8 Fecal Coliform/Fecal Streptococcus
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Interstage Data (Samples taken at effluent weirs of Primary Clarifier and Anaerobic I and
II). Interstage data should be taken frequently until stable conditions are established,
and after changes in operating parameters.
,A ■ BOD
■ Ammonia (NH3-N)
' ■ Nitrate (NO3-N)
64 ■ DO
An occasional measurement from the dosing well of fecal coliform and strep is useful in
the test of UV efficacy, as is a handle on turbidity and UV transmissivity to assure proper
UV dosage.
Daily recordings of flow equalization level, operational changes, chemical usage, sludge
wasting volumes, total flow processed, and unusual observations should be maintained
in your operator's daily log.
Aqueonics retains an active interest in the performance of its plants and requests that
you copy us with this operational data for our records so that we can be of assistance to
you should questions arise. We look forward to working with you to maintain an
exemplary operational record.
_ 2,5 Startup
Prior to starting up the plant, the licensed operator, who has familiarity and experience in
the operation of plants of similar design, must have familiarized himself with all aspects
of this O & M manual and received further specific familiarization with this facility from
Aqueonics personnel.
After becoming familiar with the plant operation, each operator should prepare a daily
punchlist schedule of items to be performed with a check -off list for each month of
operation. This will ensure that all operational items are accomplished as scheduled
according to the operator's time schedule and availability, and the requirements of this
manual and those of the equipment manufacturers.
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'alb
Aqueonics will review and comment upon this schedule after it is prepared by the
r; operator. This procedure should be repeated each time new operating personnel are
assigned to this facility.
Pump flow rates, tank levels, and weir levels have been previously set by Aqueonics
personnel.
Prior to starting up the plant, the Flow Equalization basin (which can be partially filled),
Primary Clarifier, and Anaerobic Reactors should be filled with water. Once these have
been accomplished, these procedures should be followed:
1. Check to see if the potassium permanganate filter (top) tray is good (purple or brown
indicates good).
2. Turn on bio -blower. Open the compartment to make sure it is running. Make sure
compartment door is sealed after closing. Be sure all section seals are intact and in
place to prevent bypass of any treatment stage. Check all equipment for proper
lubrication. Check all process valving for correct desired routing of both air and
liquid.
3. Turn on the recirculation pump #1 after Anaerobic Reactor #1 has filled.
4. Adjust the flow rate by adjusting the regulating valve in the pump discharge line.
Correct flow is between .75 and 2.0 gpm/ft?. Check for even distribution of flow on
top media surface.
5. Watch the effluent weir of Anaerobic Reactor #2. When water flows over the weir,
turn on recirculation pump #2.
6. If Aerobic Tower III is used, wait until forward flow goes over final weir, then turn on
recirculation pump #3. Adjust flow and spray distribution of this and Aerobic Tower II
as you did for Aerobic Tower I.
7. Turn on the Sludge Holding and Flow Equalization blowers and place on AUTO.
Check diffusers for air flow. Adjust valves for maximum air flow with even
distribution. At this setting, check Primary Clarifier airlifts for proper operation. If air
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pressure is insufficient, reduce air flow evenly to Sludge Holding diffusers until airlifts
operate properly.
i
8. Check the head box to ensure that the V -notch and overflow are functioning properly
and are set for the desired flow rate through the plant. Check alarm float switch to
see that it is operating. Set the flow rate through the plant by adjusting the overflow
weir.
9. Utilizing the skimmer, remove any scum on the surface of the Primary Clarifier with
manual controls.
10. Inspect each clarifier collection weir for an approximately even flow on all sides.
Remove any floating material from around the weir.
11. Inspect the Aerobic Towers for a satisfactory spray pattern over the entire media
surface. Measure the set total flow over media.
12. Check the display for alarms and rectify any problems.
13. Select process mode desired (if other than standard) by adjusting process mode
valving.
14. Adjust all airlift gate valves for proper airlift operation (discharge flow should be
steady).
15. Fill and mix chemical feed tank and set chemical addition rate. (If needed.)
,nom
16. Start-up control unit and set timing sequence of airlift pumps for frequency and
duration.
Initially, only the primary clarifier will be effective. This timing sequence will need to
be readjusted as the plant lines out and the sludge train approaches steady state.
Operator experience will be the best guide to the need for change. A start-up guide
would be:
Frequency: Once per 2 hours
Duration: Primary Clarifier - 10 seconds
Anaerobic I, Il, and III - 0 seconds
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r
Lai
I3
17. Set effluent dosing pump float levels for proper anticipated duty cycle as determined
r
from current hydraulic loading (see Treatment Plant Design Documents).
18. Fill UV channels. Run effluent dosing pumps on manual. Check rotation. NOTE:
UV units come on automatically when sand filter operates, so UV channels should be
filled before units are activated.
19. Start up and check UV units for proper operation.
20. Mix alkalinity source dry material and water in the mix tank. Sufficient water should
be used to maintain complete solution of the lime or soda ash.
21. Turn on solution mixer to assure dissolution.
22. Test operation of both solution feed pumps. It is used only if biological nitrification is
desired, and only if insufficient alkalinity is present in the influent water. Alkalinity
should be added as needed to maintain a discharge pH of 7.5.
23. Sample and test for NH3-N and NO3-N. All should be within specification. BOD will
not be within specification until a sufficient biomass has accumulated. This should
take approximately 3 weeks. Nitrification requires up to 3 months to build sufficient
biomass.
24. During start-up, it will be necessary to balance air flow through the Aerobic Towers,
alkalinity supply and BOD availability to perform nitrification and denitrification
processes.
At flows lower than design flow it may be necessary to restrict Aerobic Tower spray
application and/or air flow to allow Anoxic Reactors to become anoxic.
It may also be necessary to add methanol or other organic substrate in extreme
cases to achieve the anoxic condition.
The acquisition of interstage data for BOD, DO, NH3 and NO3 is invaluable in
determining which steps are necessary and at which points in the process sequence
they may be required.
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2.6 Safety
Accident prevention is the result of thoughtfulness, and the application of a few basic
principles and knowledge of the hazards involved. It has been said that the "ABC" of
accident prevention is:
"ALWAYS BE CAREFUL"
The overall dangers of accidents are much the same whether in manholes, pumping
stations or treatment plants. These hazards include physical injuries, infections, noxious
gases and oxygen deficiency.
Prevention of Physical Injuries
The prevention of physical injuries begins with good housekeeping. Tools, parts and other
things should not be left lying around. Hatches should be closed when not in use and
protected when in use. Use the knowledge that bending the knees and lifting with muscles
of the legs can save strained or injured backs. Horseplay and haste, as well as knowingly
unsafe or unstable practices for the sake of expediency are common causes of injury, and
should always be avoided.
A safety belt and tether must be worn when entering any enclosed tanks (confined space)
where access is difficult and assistance may be needed to climb out. A second person
should always be "topside" and physically able to pull you out. This person should never
enter the tank to remove you without calling for help and donning appropriately protective
equipment when entering the tank. All normal operation and maintenance procedures may
be accomplished without entry into confined spaces.
Electrical shock hazards are always present where electrical equipment is being used.
When maintenance is being performed on such equipment the power to the unit must be
disconnected. Lock-out/tag out capability is provided on all disconnects, which are all within
reach of the controlled equipment. This is for the safety of the operator. Always use these
devices when working on any eauipment.
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Prevention of Infections
Workers who come in contact with sewage are exposed to all the hazards of water -borne
diseases, including typhoid fever, para -typhoid fever, amoebic dysentery, infectious jaundice
and other intestinal infections. Tetanus and skin infections must also be guarded against.
Vaccines against these diseases are recommended.
A first aid kit should be placed in the control room. No cut or scratch is too minor to receive
attention. A two percent tincture of iodine or Merthiolate should be immediately applied to
all cuts.
Work clothes or coveralls should be worn and laundered frequently. You should be aware
that you are in a bacterial environment, and you can and will carry these bacteria with you
when you go elsewhere.
There should be no smoking in any part of the plant. It is practically impossible to avoid
contamination by sewage of the ends of pipes, cigars or cigarettes. Smoking is also a
potential source of ignition for any flammable vapors present.
"Keeping the hands below one's collar", while working with sewage or sludge is an excellent
rule. A majority of infections reach the body by way of mouth, nose, eyes or ears. Hands
should be washed before smoking or eating. Soap preparations requiring no water rinse are
available for field use. Of course, the common drinking cup should be banned and paper
cups used.
Prevention of Iniury from Noxious Gases and Oxygen Deficiency
A noxious gas is one that is directly or indirectly injurious or destructive to the health or life
of humans. They may cause burns, explosions, asphyxiation or poisoning. Non-poisonous
gases may asphyxiate simply by mechanically excluding oxygen.
Conditions for the presence of such gases can occur in sewage treatment plants.
Hydrogen Sulfide (rotten egg smell) is a poisonous gas associated with sewage. Generally
it present in very small amounts, but in an enclosed tank containing sewage with no
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�
ventilation, it may accumulate to deadly concentrations. Hydrogen sulfide is particularly
dangerous since the human sense of smell becomes desensitized to the odor with
exposure.
Methane or sewer gas may form under similar conditions. Rather than being poisonous it is
flammable and potentially explosive. Like Hydrogen Sulfide, it may accumulate in non-
ventilated areas. This is one reason that proper operation and maintenance of your bio -air
system is highly important.
Gasoline or other flammable, corrosive, toxic, or explosive liquids may be dumped into the
sewer lines causing similar problems. Your plant maintains constant positive ventilation of
the plant so long as the bio -blower and vent blower are operated. It is therefore important
that these units be kept in operation at all times.
To protect himself from the danger of noxious gases, the operator must follow a few simple
rules:
1. Never enter an enclosed non -ventilated area without a safety line and always have
an observer outside the area capable of pulling you out. This second person should
never go down in a rescue attempt without respiration equipment lest he be
overcome as well.
2. Always have the blowers on when entering a tank.
3. Never smoke within the plant.
4. In case of doubt do not enter without making precautions below.
5. If it is necessary that you enter an enclosed or non -ventilated area then you must:
a) wear an air pack and mask
b) have a safety line
c) have someone on the outside who has the ability to remove you
d) have a system of communication or signals between you and the person
outside
Handling of Chemicals
Aside from the physical safety aspect of proper lifting and handling the containers to avoid
injury from the chemicals themselves.
Each chemical provided must by law be accompanied by a Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS). You should always familiarize yourself with this information provided, including the
provision and donning of protective clothing or protective breathing or eye shielding
apparatus, and the handling steps recommended to minimize your exposure to injury.
f
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

1
rasp
t
2.7 Emergency Plan
General Discussion / Intro to Vulnerability Analysis
A Vulnerability Analysis was used to estimate
would be adversely affected by each of the fo
1 Natural Disaster (eg. Floods)
2 Civil Disorder
3 Strike
4 Sabotage
5 Faulty Maintenance
6 Negligent Operation
7 Accident
The analysis includes an estimate of the
communication, equipment, supplies, pe
Natural Disasters
To address the natural disaster issue, this ana
earthquakes. This facility is not in or near a flc
flood situation does not need to be addressed.
tornadoes due to the mountainous topography
be addressed.
,he degree to which the treatment system
owing emergency situations:
:s of the emergency on the power supply,
el, security and emergency procedures.
sis covers flood, tornadoes, hurricanes, and
d plain or flood hazard zone; therefore a
I addition, this area is not subject to
rrnd therefore does not require that the issue
As for hurricanes or high winds, plants of similar
Marmora, NJ, approximately 2 miles form the At
These plants were constructed in 1985 and 19E
per hour during a storm in mid-December 1992
operation, therefore the plant that will be constr
Asheville, NC should be able to sustain even gi
in this area.
BEA Project No. 307808
The Cliffs at High Carolina
33
esign are located in May's Landing and
ntic Ocean.
and have sustained winds up to 90 miles
ith no damage or interruption of the
ted at The Cliffs at High Carolina in
iter wind loads. Such winds are not known
Operation & Maintenance Manual

o9rsPk�
99 The plant could suffer consequential damage from high winds such as damage from flying
debris, tree fall, or power outage; however these consequences are similar to the respective
accident or sabotage scenarios, and need not be described separately.
The remaining natural disaster is an earthquake. This plant has been designed to withstand
a seismic Class II event, which is greater than the most probable seismic event classification
in this area, so seismic damage is not anticipated as a possible occurrence.
Faulty or Negligent Operations
To address the issue of faulty or negligent operation or maintenance, neither is acceptable
behavior on the part of the licensed operator, and is cause for immediate remediation and /
or dismissal once discovered.
As there is no fault with the facility, correction of deficiencies in operation or maintenance,
once discovered, is the proper procedure to return the plant to proper operation. There
would be no cause to haul or cease operation unless the improper operation resulted in
imminent danger to public health or safety, such as plant overflow, in which case immediate
action should be taken to abate the non-compliant condition. If such negligence should
result in non-compliant discharge, the procedures specified in the permit for such a situation
should be followed as appropriate to the specific defect resulting from the faulty operation.
The most common negligent operation is failure to repair or replace a failed backup unit of
equipment promptly, so that a spare is not available when the second unit also fails. This
failure results in an emergency situation which must be dealt with as an emergency
according to this plan.
Accident or Deliberate Abuse
wo
All objects are susceptible to destruction through determined attack. For this event, an
i assessment of the resulting damage and its effect on operation would be required, after
which the necessary repairs would be made prior to resumption of operation and discharge.
Temporary measures, on a case-by-case basis would be taken to assure no non-
compliance disposal during this period. Compliance would be involved in the approval of
measures taken and time schedule for completion of the work while such repairs were
made.
low BEA Project No. 307808 Operation & Maintenance Manual
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Measures have been taken in the design and materials of construction to prevent debilitating
damage from casual acts of vandalism and accident. Tankage is of concrete and access is by
r latched aluminum doorways which have been cast in, and access is through keyed entryways.
P1 The equipment is located within a building and is accessed from inside. It is thus protected from
d,d most forms of projection events or action. The exterior has been specifically designed to
y withstand impact from golf balls, and so will be impervious to all but the most deliberate attack.
Damage to the Aerobic Tower housings and equipment protective covering can result from
projectiles. Perforations are unlikely to result in damage which would require emergency action,
however, impacts from large objects at speed, such as bullets, runaway vehicles or falling trees
can cause significant damage which cannot be repaired immediately. Consequently, it is
recommended that the landscaping plan include barriers which would stop or deflect vehicles
from reaching the plant, as a reasonably prudent prevention measure. At present, there are no
trees in the area of the plant which could inflict severe damage, but future considerations should
be given to maintenance of growth which could inflict damage.
Specific Defects
All treatment facilities and this one is no exception, are subject to failures of specific
components. Therefore redundancy has been built into the design to accommodate such
specific failure modes. In many cases, switchover to redundant components is done
automatically. In other cases, spare equipment is maintained for immediate use or for preventive
maintenance. Under emergency scenarios such as considered below, multiple or unusual
failures are typically generated which should be separately considered.
These are considered on a case-by-case basis, as multiple failures can result from a single
event, and conversely the same defect can result from a number of different causes which would
have the same effect and he same course of action.
Table I has therefore been created which classifies the effects under each of the possible
emergency scenarios as regards each component to be affected, describing the effect, the
nature of the emergency created, and the action to be taken. As the descriptions are too length
to fit appropriately within the table, they are referenced by numbers and letters to more
descriptive texts in which alternatives are described.
BEA Project No. 307808 Operation & Maintenance Manual
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35

�d
I
Additionally, it is recognized that the disposal system is subject to failure as evidenced by
overflow of the surface impoundment, or high groundwater measurements found n the
piezometers. Such events are considered emergencies, as under such circumstances a
non-compliant condition exists. Until remediation of the condition, hauling of wastewater to
the Buncombe County MSD, as specified in the permit is to occur. Immediate notification of
such a situation must be made to NCDENR DWQ. In this notification, the nature of the
ry emergency, cause of failure, and the remedial action taken must be described.
Effect Text Table:
No.
Effect Texts
Emergency Type
1
Loss of connection to area
A
2
Loss of connection to property
A
3
Loss of connection to plant
B
4
Equipment destroyed or removed
D
5
Equipment damaged
D
6
Equipment disconnected
D
7
Loss of source
E
8
Loss of reserves
E
Emeraencv Text Table:
No. Emergency Texts Emergency Type
1 Project evacuated per public safety regulations: no inflow or 1A
outflow. No sewage emergency exists
2 Possible overflow of plant and / or lack of treatment 2A
3 None 3A
4 Possible non-compliance 2A
5 Potential non-compliance 4A
Action Texts:
1A. No action required.
2A Assess cause. If repairable before flow equalization basin fills, do so. If not, obtain
temporary replacement. If accomplished, no reportable event occurs. If not
accomplished, pumping and hauling will be required to avoid a reportable event.
3A More frequent checking should be done to confirm proper operation if project is
occupied.
4A Determine availability of replacements. Continue operation with reserves pending
replacement as long as possible. When reserves are no longer available,
discontinue discharge and continue operation to maintain biomass until material
and labor resources have been restored.
Note: Whenever a non-compliant disposal occurs, it must be reported as specified in the
permit. These emergency procedures are all designed to prevent the occurrence of
reportable events under emergency conditions.
BEA Project No. 307808 Operation & Maintenance Manual
The Cliffs at High Carolina
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its
0 -
Emergency Procedure Decision and Action Tree
Objective: To prevent non-compliant disposal under emergency conditions.
This procedure is for the use of any person, including owner, tenant, operator or his
assistants, or public officials, including fire, police, public health, DEP, or municipal
employees, who may be called upon in an emergency situation to prevent or to abate a
potential public health hazard which might result from damage to or improper operation of
the wastewater treatment facilities until proper management and operation can be restored.
To use this manual, follow the step-by-step sequence. This will address the most serious
problems first, in order, and provide you with the means and facilities to solve the most
serious of problems, at least on a temporary basis.
BEA Project No. 307808
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Operation & Maintenance Manual
a. Call Fire Department immediately at 911,
or -. Report fire at this location
1.
Fire is observed.
b. Attempt to extinguish.
c. Call operator (see Step #4)
a. If release of water is observed. Turn off
2.
Accident is observed or act of sabotage
power to plant immediately.
b. Obtain information on person causing
is observed or discovered.
incident, and make written notes.
c. Call operator (see Step 4)
3.
Incident of strike or civil disorder is
Notify owner
Security
observed.
Operator: (See Step 4)
4.
Call plant operator. Explain emergency
5.
Flow observed over -topping reservoir.
Turn off discharge pumps at disconnect between
front and side doors outside plant.
6.
Flow observed coming from plant
a. Call licensed Hauler:
b. Go to Step #7
tankage.
a. Find source of power outage and restore.
7.
Check tanks. All tanks are flooded.
b. Check emergency generator. Does it
Power is off, and emergency generator is
have fuel? fill and restart.
not running
c. If water level does not go down, go to
Ste #8.
8.
Check disconnects for effluent dosing
a. If off, turn on. One pump should come on
pumps.
and water level should drop in the dosing
tank (Hatch on corner nearest front door.)
b. If water level does not go down, go to
Step #9
9.
Obtain access to plant controls. Check
a. Turn pumps on automatic. One pump
effluent dosing pump indicator light on
should come on and water level should
panel. Green light not on indicates
drop. If not go to Step #10
pumps are not running.
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

BEA Project No. 307808
The Cliffs at High Carolina
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Operation & Maintenance Manual
a. Check circuit breakers and reset
overload protectors. Pump should come
on. If breaker trips, second pump should
10. Lights do not come on and stay on
come on. If that breaker trips, both
pumps are bad and must be
repaired/replaced. A temporary
replacement must be installed, or hauling
must be initiated.
a. Wiring disconnected, or pumps are
running but not pumping. Check valves
11. Lights come on, but level does not drop.
for open status. If not, open them. If
(switchover occurs)
open, check pumps for blockage. If
pumps are operating, blockage is in the
discharge line. Haul until repaired.
12. Put one pump in "Hand" position. Light
a. Problem is in the float -switches or relays.
Diagnosis and repair required. Plant can
comes on, level drops.
be operated in hand mode.
13. Light comes on, but level does not drop
a. See Solution #11 above.
14. Turn other pump on hand. Light comes
a. See Solution #11 above.
on, but level does not drop
15. Neither light comes on.
a. See Solution #10 above.
a. Blockage in piping internal to plant.
16. Effluent dosing tank is empty, but other
Unblock piping between tank and next,
stage non -overflowing tank. If this can't
tanks are overflowing.
be don readily, turn grinder pump off and
pump and haul flow equalization basin.
a. In Step #4, you have notified plant
operator. Do not proceed beyond this
pint to make alterations in operation
17. Damage to plant is observed, but no
unless you are qualified and trained in
the operation of this plant. There is
water is discharged abnormally.
presently no danger to the public. If,
before the operator arrives the status
should change, then repeat Steps 1-16
above.
BEA Project No. 307808
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

'1
3.0 Effluent Monitoring System
3.1 Effluent Water Quality Monitoring
Daily and monthly effluent sampling should be conducted in accordance with the NCDENR
Non -Discharge Permit issued for the site. Non -discharge Monitoring Reports are required to
be submitted to the NCDENR DWQ Aquifer Protection Section monthly.
3.2 Weather Monitoring
Treated effluent is not to be irrigated if weather conditions are not conducive to irrigation.
Specifically, irrigation should not occur if the temperature is below freezing and/or
precipitation has recently occurred or is occurring. The operator must check weather
conditions daily with regard to temperature to insure the irrigation cycle is not running during
freezing conditions. The operator should also check weather forecasts to anticipate periods
of required wet weather storage and monitor storage levels accordingly.
As rain events can not always be predicted (afternoon summer showers), a rain gauge is
integrated into the system to automatically delay the irrigation cycle during sudden rain
events. If the irrigation schedule delay causes the level in the irrigation dose tank to reach a
high water condition, the 9 -day storage pond is engaged with the same control sequence as
an irrigation zone, and used to relieve the dose tank to the peak dosing schedule level. The
activation of the solenoid controlling flow in to the pond will also shut the normally open
solenoid valve on the pond discharge outlet. The level in the pond must be manually
observed daily.
Effluent stored in this pond can be relieved by opening the manual gate valves located at
the pond discharge valve box (at the pond) and the manual gate valve on the 4 inch return
line from the pond located near the dose tank. The operator must monitor continuously
the levels in the dose tank and shut the influent gate valve before a high water alarm
condition is observed. Should a high water condition be observed in the dose tank, the
normally open solenoid on the pond outlet control valving will be actuated and closed. Both
BEA Project No. 307808 Operation & Maintenance Manual
The Cliffs at High Carolina
39

gate valves should remain closed during normal operation, but any rain accumulation in the
pond should be relieved and the earliest opportunity after rain events. The operator must
relieve the pond during periods of low flow.
3,3 Upset Condition Monitoring
An upset condition in the system is monitored by the turbidity meter located prior to the
disinfection units. If the turbidity meter reads >10 NTU, a signal is sent to the PC Control
System that will activate an alarm and eliminate irrigating zones which are less than 50 ft
from property lines. Specifically Zones 4 and 5 will be eliminated from the irrigation
schedule until the turbidity problem is corrected.
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

4.0 Drip Irrigation System
4.1 Operation
The drip irrigation system is controlled by the Wastewater Systems Inc. PC Control
System. The standard irrigation schedule should spread out the daily flows over a 24
hour period as much as possible. An irrigation schedule for the 200,000 gpd design flow
is presented as Attachment A. It will take several years for the system to reach this flow
level. The daily irrigation schedule should be set up to allow for maximum rest time
between zone doses, but this schedule should always be evaluated to accommodate
wet weather conditions and storage pond relief (see Section 3.2). The WWS
Operations manual for the PC System is provided in Attachment B.
The system controls the irrigation schedule by activating the solenoid control valves at
the head of the drip irrigation zone along with engaging the skid mounted pumping
system. The typical 24 hour Irrigation Schedule is provided in the engineering plans.
Typically the irrigation schedule is set up to dose the daily flow over a period of 24 hours.
However, during periods of freezing or wet weather, this schedule may be amended to
condense the irrigation schedule.
The PC system monitors instantaneous flow during dosing events (with the integrated
flow meter) which is read by the computer and compared to flow range tolerances. With
the pressure compensating emitters, each actual dose flow should be very close to the
calculated flow. If the flow monitored is outside of the range of tolerances, a'leak (high
flow) or clog (low flow) can be detected. The zone that was monitored outside of the
tolerances is then excluded from subsequent dosing cycles until the operator puts it back
in to use.
BEA Project No. 307808
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

i
4.2 Maintenance
The disc filtration system is automatically backwashed at preset intervals several times
per day. The backwash is directed via a low head pump back to the front of the
equalization tank.
The skid mounted centrifugal pumps should be periodically checked for leaks. Any
repairs should be conducted in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Flushing of the drip fields can be initiated at the operator's discretion. Typically each
zone will be flushed automatically every two weeks. The operator should pick optimal
weather and influent flow conditions to flush the system. Only one zone is flushed at a
time, allowing for similar flow and TDH conditions as with the regular dosing cycle that
doses two zones at a time. The system hydraulics are such that a minimum 2 ft/s in the
drip tubing and return lines is facilitated. The flushing cycle is engaged by simply dosing
a single zone outside of the normal irrigation sequence and PC system opens the
solenoid valve on the system return line, allowing not only a regular dose in the irrigation
lines but also a flush through the system.
Irrigation drip zones should be routinely observed. While a zone is being dosed, the
disposal area should be observed in the field. Manifolds should be checked for leaks.
The irrigation area should be inspected for line leaks and areas of effluent ponding.
Should ponding occur, the situation should be rectified according to the most prudent
solution including but not limited to:
o Performing minor manual shaping of the ground surface to reflect uniform sloping
conditions consistent with the general landscape.
o Replacing small segments of irrigation tubing with blanking (tubing with no emitters)
o Reevaluating the soil conditions in the problematic area and upon further
coordination with the project soils scientist and/or project engineer, reevaluating the
loading rate of a particular subzone.
BEA Project No. 307808
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Operation & Maintenance Manual

i
1
5.0 Residuals Management Plan
The Residuals Management is provided in part to comply with Non -discharge Permit
Application requirements set forth in North Carolina Administrative Code 15A NCAC 2T
.0508.
Waste sludge is not to be processed at The Cliffs at High Carolina. Wasted sludge is
conditioned for thickening and then to be transported for off-site disposal at a permitted
POTW facility. The designated facility is the Buncombe County Municipal Sewer District
(MSD) wastewater treatment facility located on Riverside Drive in Woodfin, NC. Buncombe
County MSD is an approved residual disposal/utilization site that provides sludge
stabilization in accordance with EPA requirements 40 CRF 503 and 40 CFR Part 257
Appendix II. The facility has sufficient excess capacity and routinely accepts hauled waste
from septage transporters. Provided in Attachment C is a sludge acceptance letter from
Buncombe County MSD.
Sludge wasting will be governed by the requirements of the sludge age maintenance and as
such subject to influent flow characteristics. Sixty days of sludge holding capacity is
provided based upon calculated sludge production. At the design flow of 200,000 gpd the
sludge generation is calculated to be 700 gallons per day. At ultimate build out of The Cliffs
at High Carolina septage hauling may be occurring on a weekly basis. A licensed septic
hauler will be contracted for disposal to Buncombe County MSD.
F
BEA Project No. 307808 Operation & Maintenance Manual
The Cliffs at High Carolina
43

6.0 Emergency Response
As no industrial waste is in the development's waste stream, no hazardous materials are
anticipated to be potentially released. In the event of a tank failure and release of effluent
that has not been disinfected, the following should be contacted.
Neo Environmental Corporation [phone]
NCDENR Aquifer Protection [phone]
NCDENR Surface Water Protection [phone]
Minor spills (less than 50 gallons) should be contained with an emergency response kit that
includes sorbent booms and mats. Contact with effluent not disinfected should be avoided.
BEA Project No. 307808
The Cliffs at High Carolina
Operation & Maintenance Manual

7.0 Attachments
Attachment A
Attachment B
Attachment C
I rriga
WWS
on Schedule
'C Control System Operator's Manual
ials Acceptance Letter from Buncombe County MSD

ATTACHMENT A
IRRIGATION SCHEDULE

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ATTACHMENT B
WWS PC CONTROL SYSTEM OPERATOR'S MANUAL

WASTEWATER SYSTEMS INC.
ON-SITE DRIP Management Systems

@ Waste Water Systems Inc.
P.O. Box 1023 Ellijay, GA 30540
Phone [phone] Fax [phone]

PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
SECTION ONE
SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY
4
SECTION TWO
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
10
SECTION THREE
CONTROL OVERVIEW
13
3.1
Controller Inputs
13
3.2
Controller Outputs
15
SECTION FOUR
SYSTEM STARTUP SCREEN
17
SECTION FIVE
SYSTEM SCREEN
18
5.1
Overview
18
5.2
Status Window
19
5.3
System Unlock/Lock
22
5.4
Normal Cycle
24
5.5
Backwash Cycle
24
5.6
Field Flush Cycle
24
5.7
System Failure
26
SECTION SIX
SYSTEM STATUS SCREEN
27
SECTION SEVEN
SYSTEM LOG SCREEN
28
SECTION EIGHT
DATA LOG SCREEN
29
SECTION NINE
MONTHLY LOG SCREE
31
SECTION TEN
FLOAT SWITCH SCREEN
32
10.1
Low Water Float
32
10.2
Dose Enable Float
32
10.3
High Water Float
33
Waste Water Systems Inc.
-2-

PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
SECTION ELEVEN
MAIN SCREEN
34
11.1
Number of Zones
34
11.2
Dosing Technique
35
11.3
Backwash by Flow
35
11.4
Next Zone
35
11.5
Dosing Routine
35
11.6
Elapsed Time Dosing
35
11.7
Real Time Dosing
36
11.8
Dose Number and Start Time
37
11.9
Pumps
38
11.10
Setup Values
39
11.11
Zone Dose Values
42
11.12
Zone Flush Counters
43
11.13
Auxiliary Shutdown
44
11.14
Factory Defaults
44
SECTION TWELVE
DOSING SCREEN
45
SECTION THIRTEEN
ZONE STATUS SCREEN
46
SECTION FOURTEEN
MAINTENANCE SCREEN
47
SECTION FIFTEEN
HELP SCREEN
48
SECTION SIXTEEN
DAILY / MONTHLY LOG
49
SECTION SEVENTEEN
VIEW I/O SCREEN
54
SECTION EIGHTTEEN
OPERATIONAL FLOWCHARTS
55
SECTION NINETEEN
TROUBLESHOOTING
56
FLOWCHARTS
SECTION TWENTY
SCHEMATICS
57
Waste Water Systems Inc.
- 3 -

PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
1. System Terminology
Below are some brief explanations and some definitions of words and/or phrases
that will be found throughout this manual. Reading this section first will greatly
help in the use of this manual.
AUTOMATIC When the system is running in the fully automated
mode and there is no operator assistance required.
AUTOMATIC FLOW When effluent is pumped by the system under
program control. Due to the system timers or the
dose now button.
AUXILARY SHUTDOWN When the system is shutdown by an external device
connected to the auxiliary shutdown input.
AUXILARY SHUTDOWN When the auxiliary shutdown input is overridden by
BYPASS the operator.
BACKWASH Cleaning of the system filters one at a time starting
with filter one. Can be manual or automatic.
BACKWASH BY FLOW When the total automatic flow through the system
equals the backwash by flow count the system will
initiate an automatic backwash cycle and reset the
count.
DAILY LOG A flow log created by the system, which is saved
every night at approximately midnight. This log is
not reset able by the operator.
DATA LOG A flow log that continues to run until reset by the
operator. The system must be unlocked to reset this
log.
DEBOUNCE Delay time used to ensure that system inputs do not
bounce on and of.
DELTA PRESSURE May also be called DP or DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE. Monitors the pressure across the filter
battery. Used to backwash the filters.
Waste Water Systems Inc.
-4-
8

DESIGN DEFAULTS
DOSE ENABLE
DOSE ON FAIL
DOSE VALUES
DOSING CYLE
DOSING ROUTINE
DOSING TECHNIQUE
DOSING VESSEL
DPMPS
DRIP ZONE
DRIP ZONE SECTION
DUAL ZONE
PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
Original system parameters designed by the job
engineer for the specific site conditions.
The middle float switch in the dosing vessel used to
ensure there is enough effluent to complete a dose.
The system will not start in automatic if this switch
is not on (closed). The Volume required for the
setting of this switch must allow for the largest zone
dose plus a zone flush cycle.
A setting selectable by the operator, which allows
the system to keep running even if the system
detects a flow failure. However the zone that fails
will be disabled until reset by the operator.
The gallons that are to be pumped to each zone per
dosing cycle.
A complete dose to a zone, which was started and
finished automatically by the controller.
The routine in which the system is operated either
real time dosing (RTD) or elapsed time dosing
(ETD).
The manner in which the zone are dosed either one
at a time (single zone dosing) or two at a time (dual
zone dosing).
My also be called the DOSING TANK. It contains
the treated effluent to be pumped.
Dual pumps.
Either one or two drip zone sections that are dosed
by the controller depending on the dosing
technique.
A section of drip tubing controlled by one control
valve.
two drip zone sections that are seen by the
controller as one drip zone (A and B) for dosing,
but are flushed separately.
Waste Water Systems Inc.
5

e
PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
DURATION The length of time that a function is performed,
usually show in seconds.
DWELL The length of time the filter battery is pressurized
between washing each individual filter.
ELAPSED COUNT TIME Time in minutes since the last zone dose was
initiated when the system is in elapsed time dosing.
This is a down counter that initiates a dose and then
resets when it reaches zero.
ELAPSED TIME Interval in minutes between zone dose when
elapsed time dosing is used.
EVENT LOG Log generated by the system showing internal
system status used by the manufacturer for
troubleshooting.
FAIL INITIAL Set when the system fails its initial check on the
start of a dosing cycle. This shuts down the system
even in the DOSE ON FAIL.
FAIL MODE OPERATION Mode of operation the system is presently running
in, either STOP ON FAIL (default) or DOSE ON
FAIL.
FAIL PUMP X This will either be A or B pump when the system
detects a pump did not turn on. The system will
automatically switch to the pump, which is not
failed. If both pumps fail the system will shutdown
and show a system failure.
FILTER BATTERY The assembly, which holds the filters including the
upper and lower manifolds and the backwash
valves.
FLOW FAILURE When a GPM reading exceeds the upper or lower
limits determined by the Set points failure (default
is 50 %). This will cause the system to shutdown in
the STOP ON FAIL mode.
FLOAT SWITCH
A normally open switch used in the dosing vessel to
send the system the effluent level.
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FLOW ANALYSIS When the system compares the current gallons per
minute reading to the setup value in the controller to
determine flow conditions.
FLOW METER Meter on the system to monitor flow and to send a
signal to the controller for acquiring flow
information.
FLOW WARNING May be called FLOW WARNING. When a GPM
reading exceeds the upper or lower limits
determined by the Set points warning (default is 20
%). A flow warning will not cause the system to
shut down in either mode of operation.
GPM
Gallons per minute.
INITIAL TEST Test performed while the system is pressurizing
before a stable GPM reading can be taken to
monitor for overflow conditions.
LOCK When the system is in the lock condition system
parameters cannot be changed.
LOW WATER The lower float switch in the dosing vessel used to
protect the system and the pumps from running dry.
The system will not start in automatic if this switch
is not on (closed).
MANUAL FLOW Effluent, which is, ran through the system by
manually engaging the system pumps. This flow is
not recorded or logged on the system controller but
will be on the flow meter.
MASTER VALVE Control valve on the system that is normally open
and only closes when the system is in a backwash
cycle.
MONTHLY LOG Log generated by the system comprising of all of
the daily logs for the present month. This log is not
reset able by the operator.
NEXT ZONE ## This will display the next zone to start a dosing
cycle either automatically or by pressing dose now.
This will only be present ELAPSED TIME
DOSING.
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NO FLOW FAILURE Occurs during automatic operation when the system
detects no flow through the flow meter for more
than 30 seconds.
NORMALLY CLOSED A device, which when in a non -energized state
(electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically) is in a
closed position.
NORMALLY OPEN A device, which when in a non -energized state
(electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically) is in
an open position.
PRESSURIZING The beginning of each dosing cycle when the
system is filling up the lines in order to measure the
gpm's. Normally done with both pumps.
PRIMPNG PUMP Small pump used to fill the suction lines before the
start of a dosing cycle. Not always used on the
system.
REAL TIME An exact time of the day, hours and minutes, that a
dosing cycle is set to occur in REAL TIME
DOSING (RTD).
SETPOINTS
SETUP VALUES
SINGLE ZONE
STOP ON FAIL
SYSTEM FAILURE
Points at which the system is set to give flow
warnings and flow failures, can be set from 1 to 99
percent.
Calculated zone GPM values used as a baseline in
flow analysis to determine flow warnings and flow
failures.
One -drip zone sections that is seen by the controller
as one drip zone.
A setting selectable by the operator, which causes
the system to shut down if the system detects a flow
failure. The system must then be reset by the
operator.
Any failure, which causes the system to shutdown
until, reset by the operator.
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SYSTEM LOG
A log kept by the system to keep track of operator
events such as resetting errors, turning zones on or
off, float switch status, pump status.
TOTAL FLOW
Total combined flow of all zones during automatic
operation.
UNLOCK
When the system is in the UNLOCK position most
of the system parameters can be changed.
XSDP FAILURE
The system has detected that the differential
pressure backwash has been initiated 10 times
during one dosing cycle. This indicates a problem
and causes a system failure.
ZONE DOSE
A cycle in which the system starts in automatic and
is pumping effluent to a drip zone.
ZONE FLUSH
Automatic flushing of a drip zone section by
creating turbulent flow in the drip tubing.
ZONE FLUSH INTERVAL
The interval in days that each drip zone will be
flushed. Each zone will be set to flush every 16
days. If the zone s inactive for more than 16 days it
will flush the next time it doses.
ZONE FAILURE
GPM measurement for that zone exceeds the upper
or lower limits.
ZONE RETURN VALVE
Normally open valve used in the field flush
operation.
ZONE VALVE
Normally closed valve used to control each drip
zone section.
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2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The "Perc-Rite" system is a computer managed, drip disposal system. Computer
management allows extremely accurate flow control and operator friendliness. By
using pressure compensating dripper tube, even and controlled wastewater
dispersal is achieved over the entire disposal area. This overview of the "Perc-
Rite" system will present general system capabilities, as well as the site-specific
options that are available.
Combining state of the art computer controls with pressure compensating drip
tubing provides an unmatched level of flow control. The "Perc-Rite" unit
measures the effluent flow to the fraction of a gallon if required. It is this flow
measurement, which is monitored by the computer that ensures each absorption
area receives the design flow of effluent. Once the effluent is measured and leaves
the unit, the pressure compensating drip tubing will disperse it evenly over the
entire area.
The "Perc-Rite" unit is controlled via a state of the art controller and three float
switches located in the dosing vessel. The system is dosed on time, and the
designed flow is distributed evenly over a twenty-four hour period. The system
float switches are only to allow the system to monitor the level of the dosing
vessel.
The system can be run by either elapsed time or real time in either event when it
is time to start a dosing cycle the system checks to see that there are no system
failures, and also checks the status of the float switches to verify there is enough
effluent in the dosing vessel to complete a dosing and a flush cycle. If any of the
checks fail the system remains idle until the next time to start. If all checks are
o.k. The system will start a dose to the current zone selected, and check the status
of the zone to see if it is time to flush the zone. If no flush is required the system
will pump the programmed dose to the zone while monitoring flow, if necessary
the system will backwash the filters during this process. After the completion of
the dose the system will shut down by closing the field valve(s) but may continue
to run a pump for a preset time to ensure the proper closure of the field valve(s).
This time is set by the factory at system startup if needed. The process is repeated
on the next start time. If it is time to flush the field the system will complete a
field flush cycle on the zone and then complete the normal dosing cycle.
The filtration package provided with the "Perc-Rite" unit is unmatched. The Spin -
Klin filters are matched with automatic backwashing to protect the drip tubing
from clogging by particles from the dosing vessel. The backwashing of the filters
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When the backwash cycle is triggered, the master valve closes allowing maximum
pressure for backwashing. Then one filter valve changes states, thus taking the
filter offline and blocking the flow of unfiltered effluent to the filter. Effluent is
then filtered through the remaining filters and fed in reverse through the offline
filter, thus causing the filter to spin clean and discharge the remains out the
backwash line. After a short delay the process will be completed on each
remaining filter. The whole process can be completed in about 25 seconds per
filter with no reserve backwash water required.
Automatic drip field flushing is another feature unique to the "Perc-Rite" system.
This flushing allows the tubing to be scoured free of any buildup that might
hinder performance. By cleaning the tubing, pipe, and manifolds, emitter clogging
is eliminated. Thus the drip tubing will continue to deliver precise and accurate
doses to the absorption area. The dripper lines are automatically set to flush after
every 16 days of system operation. If any fields are not in operation they will still
be set to flush after 16 days and they will flush the next time they are dosed. This
function is activated by the controller which opens the field flush valve, thus
allowing the flushed effluent to be returned to the pretreatment tank. The duration
of this cycle is approximately five minutes per drip zone section. The flushing
action creates a high effluent velocity, which produces a cleaning action over the
inside walls of the drip tubing and emitters.
The "Perc-Rite" effluent disposal system integrates data logging and on-site
monitoring with the operation of the system to produce unmatched system
control, operator friendliness, and environmental safety.
The data regarding flows can be opened into a spreadsheet to aid in recording.
The operator will be able to download the days flows, as well as monthly flows
from as far back as three months for daily flows, and 30 months for monthly
flows. This aids large systems in complying with rules that require an accurate
record of daily flows.
Remote monitoring of the system is accomplished by the installation of remote
monitoring software installed on the "Perc-Rite" system computer, which allows
the manufacturer to remotely control the system from anywhere a phone line is
present. Operators may also wish to purchase and install the software on home or
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can be initiated in two ways. First, backwashing can be initiated by total flow
discharged through the system. The number of gallons, which will start a
backwash cycle, can be customized to meet any sites needs. The second backwash
triggering mechanism is a differential pressure switch. This switch acts as a fail-
safe to ensure proper effluent filtration. The switch will measure differential
pressure across the filter bank. When the pressure differential reaches a preset
point the controller is told to start a backwash cycle regardless of flow through the
system. This feature guarantees proper effluent filtration and flow even during
periods of less than desirable pretreatment conditions.
When the backwash cycle is triggered, the master valve closes allowing maximum
pressure for backwashing. Then one filter valve changes states, thus taking the
filter offline and blocking the flow of unfiltered effluent to the filter. Effluent is
then filtered through the remaining filters and fed in reverse through the offline
filter, thus causing the filter to spin clean and discharge the remains out the
backwash line. After a short delay the process will be completed on each
remaining filter. The whole process can be completed in about 25 seconds per
filter with no reserve backwash water required.
Automatic drip field flushing is another feature unique to the "Perc-Rite" system.
This flushing allows the tubing to be scoured free of any buildup that might
hinder performance. By cleaning the tubing, pipe, and manifolds, emitter clogging
is eliminated. Thus the drip tubing will continue to deliver precise and accurate
doses to the absorption area. The dripper lines are automatically set to flush after
every 16 days of system operation. If any fields are not in operation they will still
be set to flush after 16 days and they will flush the next time they are dosed. This
function is activated by the controller which opens the field flush valve, thus
allowing the flushed effluent to be returned to the pretreatment tank. The duration
of this cycle is approximately five minutes per drip zone section. The flushing
action creates a high effluent velocity, which produces a cleaning action over the
inside walls of the drip tubing and emitters.
The "Perc-Rite" effluent disposal system integrates data logging and on-site
monitoring with the operation of the system to produce unmatched system
control, operator friendliness, and environmental safety.
The data regarding flows can be opened into a spreadsheet to aid in recording.
The operator will be able to download the days flows, as well as monthly flows
from as far back as three months for daily flows, and 30 months for monthly
flows. This aids large systems in complying with rules that require an accurate
record of daily flows.
Remote monitoring of the system is accomplished by the installation of remote
monitoring software installed on the "Perc-Rite" system computer, which allows
the manufacturer to remotely control the system from anywhere a phone line is
present. Operators may also wish to purchase and install the software on home or
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r office PC's to allow remote access for retrieval log files or to check the status of
the system.
In addition to simply monitoring these functions the unit can also control itself
based on the data received. For example, if a line is broken and a zone is flowing
freely, the unit will record the flow variance. If the flow variance is significant
enough, not only will the condition be recorded, but the zone can be automatically
taken off line to prevent further environmental contamination. The overall system
will continue to run to allow for wastewater disposal in the unaffected zones
while awaiting repair of the affected zone. The monitoring also records the zone,
time, and date for each variance. This is an Invaluable aid in maintenance and
troubleshooting.
Along with the capability to enable or disable zones via the controller, the system
can also incorporate moisture sensors in the disposal fields to prevent over
saturation to any individual field. If it is not important to control the fields
individually, but the overall disposal area must be monitored the system has an
auxiliary input which may be attached to external devices such as a rain gauge.
This input will stop the system from disposing of effluent until the event has
cleared.
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3. CONTROL OVERVIEW
Through extensive research, testing, and application Waste Water Systems Inc.
has developed an automatic control system for drip distribution of effluent. Based
on specific operational procedures the system gallons per day (GPD) is pumped
from the dosing vessel at specific time intervals, through the filter unit, and
distributed (dosed) to the drip zones at the designed loading rate of the soil.
During the dose, insufficient and/or excess flow rates are tested. The control
system performs preventative maintenance on the filter distribution unit and the
drip distribution zones at their appropriate intervals.
The control enclosure requires a dedicated 120vac power source to operate this
does not include the power to operate any pump motors. The power to operate the
pump motors will be determined by engineer specifications for each particular
site.
The control enclosure will some or all of the items below depending on the unit
ordered.
1. Fuse Disconnects or Circuit Breakers.
2. Motor Starters and Overloads.
3. Phase loss monitors (if needed).
4. 2 - 24vac control transformers.
5. PC based controller with required I/O.
6. I/O termination blocks.
7. 5/12 vdc power supply.
8. External pump run lamps.
9. Hand -Off -Auto switch for each pump.
10. Emergency Stop switch.
11. External power on lamp.
To understand how the system functions, the operator must know the function of
each input and output of the controller. The following is a guide and a brief
explanation of each.
3.1 Controller Inputs: (when illuminated the input is on).
Flow Count - Proportion input from the system flow meter, one
pulse equals one gallon.
Auto - Operator selected with the front door switch. When
Pump A set to Auto the controller automatically controls
pump A.
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Auto - Operator selected with the front door switch. When
Pump B set to Auto the controller automatically controls
pump B.
Delta - Input from the differential pressure gauge. When
Pressure enabled it tells the controller to backwash the filters.
Motor - Indicates to the controller that pump A is energized.
Starter A This is used for pump redundancy.
All inputs are DC Voltage
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Motor -
Indicates to the controller that pump B is energized.
Starter B
This is used for pump redundancy.
,i
are capable when this switch is disabled (off).
System -
Resets system failures when the front panel button
77
Reset
is depressed.
of effluent in the dosing vessel.
Aux -
Input for an auxiliary shutdown device. When on
Shutdown
automatic system operations are halted unless
of a dose cycle.
bypassed.
All inputs are DC Voltage
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Low Water -
Lowest float switch in the dosing vessel. Pump
cutoff safety switch, no automatic pump operations
are capable when this switch is disabled (off).
However the H -O -A switches will still operate the
77
pumps, but the operator is responsible for the level
of effluent in the dosing vessel.
Dose Enable - Middle float switch in the dosing vessel. Guarantees
proper dose volume in the dosing vessel at the start
of a dose cycle.
High Water -
Highest float switch in the dosing vessel. This is a
warning switch and is only reset when the condition
clears.
Irrigation -
Only present when zone sensors are being used.
Enable
When on they tell the controller the zone is enabled.
Zone 1-16
All inputs are DC Voltage
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Alarm - When on, the system has a failure and the alarm
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3.2 Controller Outputs: (when illuminated the output is on).
Pump A -
When on, Pump A is on.
Pump B -
When on, Pump B is on.
Priming -
When on, the Priming Pump is running.
Pump
Filter 1-6 -
When on, the filter is backwashing. All WWSI
When on, this indicates the system is in a failure
systems have at least 2 filters.
Master -
When on, the master valve is closed and the system
Valve
is in a backwash cycle.
Zone -
When on, the zone return valve is open and the
Return
system is in a field flush cycle.
Pressure -
When on, the pressure reducing valve is deactivated
Reducing
and the system is in a field flush cycle.
Valve
Alarm - When on, the system has a failure and the alarm
All Field Valve outputs are 24vac and are isolated from the field valves via an
isolation relay.
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output is on, which can be connected to an external
indicator. This may also indicate a communication
problem between the I/O devices.
Power -
When on, Indicates the controller is functioning
Avail.
Properly.
High Water -
When on, this indicates the dosing vessel has a high
water condition.
Sys Fail -
When on, this indicates the system is in a failure
condition and will not run until reset by the
operator.
Zone 1-16 -
When any one of these outputs are on this indicates
the zone valve for that particular zone is open.
All Field Valve outputs are 24vac and are isolated from the field valves via an
isolation relay.
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To enable the system to operate in the automatic mode the following conditions
must apply.
a. Power must be supplied to the controller
b. The float switches must be connected to the
controller.
C. The pumps must have power supplied and at least
one pump must be in the AUTO position on the
front panel.
d. All field valves must be connected to the controller.
Once all of these conditions are true the system does not need any
intervention from the operator to function, unless a failure of the system or
an error occurs.
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4. SYSTEM STARTUP SCREEN
(Figure 1)
4.1 Each time the system is powered up the startup screen (figure 1) will
appear. On the startup screen you will find some general information
about the manufacturer of the system and the serial number of your
system. This information may also be found on the manufacturers label
inside the panel door. The serial number will may be needed to acquire
support from the manufacturer. By pressing the System Window on the
bottom of the screen the startup screen will close and the system screen
(figure 2) will open.
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5 -SYSTEM SCREEN
5.1 The system screen (figure 2) is capable of showing all of the above
information, The information being displayed will be determined by the
status of the system therefore not all of the above information will be
present at all times. Below is a brief explanation of the SYSTEM screen.
1. The WWSI button opens the startup screen (figure 1).
2. The Sys Status button opens the system status screen
(figure 10), which is used for displaying and
troubleshooting system warnings and failures.
3. The Sys Log button opens the system log screen (figure
11), which displays system run and error information for
that can be used for troubleshooting or monitoring system
operation.
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4.
The Data Log button opens the data log screen (figure 12),
which displays flow information for each individual zone
as well as a total flow for all zones. This screen is a running
total and is reset able by the user when the system is
I
I !
unlocked.
6i
5.
The Floats button opens the float switch screen (figure 14),
which displays the status of the systems three -float
switches.
6.
Then Sensors button opens the zone status screen (figure
30), which displays the status of each zone (on/off)
7.
The Help button opens the main help screen (figure 31)
were you could get information about the other screens.
8.
The Main button is only displayed when the system is
unlocked. When pressed it opens the main screen (figure
15), which displays or grants access to the operating
parameters for the system.
j
9.
The Dose Now button is also only displayed when the
system is unlocked, when pressed it starts the next
automatic dosing cycle.
10.
The Stop button places the system in maintenance mode
and all automatic operations are halted until the Start
button is pressed. (The start button only appears after the
stop button is pressed)
11.
The Unlock — Lock button allows the system to be
unlocked (figure 4) (with a password) or locked.
12.
Pumps A & B, shows the status of the pumps
13.
PRIMING is displayed when a priming pump is being used.
14.
The Filter battery displays the status of the filters and the
Model Number of the system. The arrows on the filters will
only be displayed when the filter is backwashing.
15.
The Delta Pressure gauge will display a red flashing dot in
the center when the filters start getting dirty which will tell
the system its time to backwash.
16.
Pressing the Flow meter opens the dosing screen (figure
29), which displays the dosing and flow information for
each individual zone.
17.
The Master Valve is a normally open valve, which closes
when the filters are being backwashed. The center of the
valve body turns green when the valve is closed.
18.
The Zone Dosing window (figure 2a) only opens during a
dosing cycle, here you can watch the dose volume counter
I VA
and see the system taking GPM readings for comparison
with the setup values.
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(Figure 2a)
19. The Field Valves are always displayed (one for single zone
dosing and two for dual zone dosing) with the current zone
number above valve A, and if a zone flush is in progress
the ZF TIMER will be displayed below valve B.
20. The Status Window (figure 2b) displays real time
information about the system as described below.
21. The View I/O button opens the I/O screen (figure 39),
which displays all of the inputs and outputs and their
current state. (due to communications speed the flow meter
input may not display the correct state.)
5.2
(Figure 2b)
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a. PC 16 - software version number. (always displayed)
b. Current Time. (always displayed)
C. Current Date. (always displayed)
d. Day of the Week. (always displayed)
e. NEXT ZONE ## - next zone to dose. (only displayed in
ETD)
f. Auxilary Shutdown — only displayed when the aux
shutdown input is being used and is activated.
g. System Failure — only displayed when the system has a
failure that causes a shutdown. (must be manually reset)
h. High Water Alarm — only displayed when the systems
high water float switch is activated, and automatically
resets when the condition clears.
i. — only displayed when the system has a
high or low flow warning.
j. PRIMING ## secs. - only displayed when the priming
pump is running.
k. DPMPS ## secs. — only displayed during the dual pump
pressurization time.
1. Zone Flush x - only. displayed during a zone flush cycle.
in. ZONE DOSE — only displayed during a zone dose cycle.
n. Pressurizing #### - only displayed during system
pressurization.
o. Measuring GPM — only displayed when the system is
taking a gallons per minute measurement for comparison.
P. INITIAL TEST — only displayed during a dosing cycle
before the first GPM measurement.
q. Filter Backwash — only displayed during a filter backwash
cycle.
r. BW FLOW - #### - only displayed during a dosing cycle.
S. DOSE ENABLE — only displayed when the dose enable
float switch (normally open) is in the closed (on) position.
t. LOW WATER — only displayed when the low water float
switch (normally open) is in the closed (on) position.
U. STOP ON FAIL / DOSE ON FAIL — one of the two will
always be displayed depending on the current operating
mode (STOP ON FAIL is the default mode).
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5.3 On the initial startup the system will appear as in (figure 3) in the locked
mode. In this state the system will function as programmed by the
manufacturer and most of the system parameters will be visible to anyone
by pressing the appropriate buttons on the screen, although nothing can be
changed. Pressing the WWSI button will return you to the system startup
screen. (figure 1)
By pressing the Unlock button a question box will appear. (figure 4)
(Figure 4)
If the NO button is pressed the question box will disappear and the system
will stay in the locked mode as in (figure 3).
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If the YES button is pressed you will be prompted to put in a password
f 69i which is set by the manufacturer. After the correct password is entered the
system will be unlocked and appear as in (figure 5).
In the Unlock mode the Main and the Dose Now buttons will appear. In
this mode the system will still function as in the locked mode with the
exception that selecting the appropriate buttons can now change most of
the system parameters. Pressing the Lock button on this screen will relock
the system.
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PC system Operations Manual
waste water
F& TER BATTERY
OeRa Pressure
00,
FILTER 4 FILTER 3 FILTER 2 FILTER I
FILTER
MODEL W66 FLOWMETER
S lt3fif$
PUMPS
N �'"-"f "�` a' MASTER
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(Figure 6)
77 5.4 During a normal dosing cycle the system screen will appear as in (figure
Lai 6). From this screen you can see that both pumps are running and the
system is dosing to Zone 8. You may also press on the flow meter to open
the dosing screen (figure 29) to view more flow information for each
particular zone.
5.5 During a Backwash cycle the system screen will appear as in (figure 7).
From this screen you can see that the master valve (normally open) is
closed and the system is backwashing filter 1 with pump B.
5.6 During a Field Flush Cycle the system screen will appear as in (figure 8).
From this screen you can see that the system is flushing zone 1B with both
pumps. During normal operation when setup for dual zone dosing the
system opens two field valves (A and B) at one time, but during zone
flushing each zone is flushed individually. From this screen you may also
view the ZF Timer counting down.
The flushing cycle takes place before the dosing cycle starts therefore at
the end of the flushing cycle the system will run the dosing cycle for the
zone that has just completed flushing.
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kx, ■r,ui av U)
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5.7 During a normal dosing cycle (figure 6) when the system has a failure the
system screen will appear as in (figure 9). Failures will always appear in
red but only when the System Failure appears in the status window (figure
2b) dose the system shut down until reset by an operator. To view the type
of failure press the Sys Status button to open the system status screen
(figure 10). This screen will tell what failed and the reason for the failure,
and the failure may also be reset from this screen if the system is
unlocked.
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(Figure 10)
6.1 The system status screen (figure 10) shows the system failure and system
warning information as well as the status of the auxiliary shutdown input.
Information only appears on this screen when there is a warning or a
failure therefore some of the information in (figure 10) may not always be
present, and the Reset Errors button only appears when the system is
unlocked. From this screen (figure 10) we can see pump failures, XSDP
failures, Initial check failures, and high / low warnings and failures for
each individual zone and No Flow conditions. Pressing the Return button
returns you to the system screen. (figures 4 & 5)
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7. SYSTEM LOG SCREEN
(Figure 11)
7.1 The system log screen (figure 11) shows the system run and error
information with time and date stamps. This screen is very helpful in
watching the system over a long period of time because not only dose it
show errors, but it also displays float switch status and zone information
such as which zones have been turned off or on. As in (figure 11) we see
at 10:12:30 on 12/12/01 zone 1 was turned off at the CPU. Pressing the
Return button returns you to the system screen (figures 4 & 5)
If the power is removed from the system this log is reset but a backup is
also saved under C:\my documents\syslog. The files are continuously
backed up. The filenames will be the date for each particular file. (Ex:
Rd011211.ahn (year month day)) The files can be opened in just about
any word processing program.
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6,i8. DATA LOG SCREEN
DATA LOG INFORMATIGF!
8.1 The data log screen keeps a running total of the system flow information.
Flow to Zone 1 = ############# gallons.
The data log screen can be cleared and/or printed (if a printer is installed)
Flow to Zone 2 = ############# gallons.
I Clear
Flow to Zone 3 = ############# gallons.
Clear and Save buttons will not be present. The system also keeps daily
Flow to Zone 4 = ############# gallons.
and monthly flow totals, which are not affected by clearing the data, log
Flow to Zone 5 = ############# gallons.
screen.
Pressing the Save button the data log screen will appear as in figure 12a.
Flow to Zone 6 = ############# gallons.,
Inserting a disk into drive A and pressing the Save button will save the
Flow to Zone 7 = ############# gallons.
current data log information to the disk which may be opened by most
Flow to Zone 8 = ############# gallons.
word processing programs. Pressing the Return button closes the save
Flow to Zone 9 = ############# gallons.'
window without saving.
Flow to Zone 10 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 11 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 12 = ############# gallons.,
Flow to Zone 13 = ############# gallons.'
Flow to Zone 14 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 15 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 16 = #############gallons.
Pump A run time = ####.# minutes
Pump B run time = ####.# minutes
Total Filter Backwashes = ##########.
Filter Backwashes initiated by DP = ##########'.
Filter Backwashes initiated by FLOW = ########## .
Filter Backwashes initiated MANUALLY = ########## .
Total ZONE FLUSHES = ########## .
TOTAL AUTOMATIC FLOW= ################ gallons.
(Figure 12)
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8.1 The data log screen keeps a running total of the system flow information.
The data log screen can be cleared and/or printed (if a printer is installed)
by pressing the Clear or Save buttons. When the system is locked the
6011 1
Clear and Save buttons will not be present. The system also keeps daily
and monthly flow totals, which are not affected by clearing the data, log
17,11
screen.
Pressing the Save button the data log screen will appear as in figure 12a.
Inserting a disk into drive A and pressing the Save button will save the
current data log information to the disk which may be opened by most
word processing programs. Pressing the Return button closes the save
window without saving.
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DATA LOG INFORMATION
Flow to Zone 1 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 2 = ############# gallons.
Clear
Flow to Zone 3 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone d = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 5 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 6= ############# gallons:
Flow to Zone 7 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone S = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 9 = ############# gallons.
drus
Flow to Zone 10= ############# gallons. Insert Isk �rI the A
Flow toZone 11 =############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 12= ############# gallons. �QN'or ess turn }
Flow to Zone 13 = ############# gallons. m;
Flow to Zone 14 = ############# gallons: g
Flow to Zone 15 = ############# gallons.
Flow to Zone 16 = ############# gallons.
Pump Arun time = ####:# minutes
Pump 8 run time = ####.# minutes
Total Filter Backwashes = ########## .
Filter Backwashes initiated by DP = ##########.
Filter Backwashes initiated by FLOW = ########## .
Filter Backwashes initiated MANUALLY = ##########.
Total ZONE FLUSHES = ##########:.
TOTAL AUTOMATIC FLOW= ################ gallons.
(Figure 12a)
7i Pressing the Monthly button the monthly log screen (figure 13) will
wo
appear.
Pressing the View Button will allow you to access the historic log files
explained in section 16.
Pressing the Return Button returns you to the system screen. (figures 4 &
5)
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9. MONTHLY LOG SCREEN
(Figure 13)
9.1 To open the monthly log screen you must first open the data log screen.
The monthly log screen shows the system flow information for the current
month and resets itself at midnight on the first of every month. Pressing
the Return button returns you to the data log screen. (figure 12)
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77
10. FLOAT SWITCH SCREEN
5
(Figure 14)
The floats screen (figure 14) shows the status of the systems three normally open
float switches. Pressing the Return button returns you to the system screen
(figures 4 & 5)
10.1 The Low Water float switch is on the bottom and is used as a pump safety
switch to ensure the pumps do not run dry. The system will never start in
automatic if the low water float is not on (closed), and if the low water
switch opens during a cycle the system will stop the cycle. When the
switch in on (closed) it will be green on the float switch screen. There is a
sixty second delay (debounce) from the time the float switch closes till the
float switch turns green on the float switch screen to prevent the float from
bouncing on and off. You can watch this time count down in the center of
the switch on the float switch screen. When the system is unlocked the
operator may change this delay time.
10.2 The Dose Enable float is in the middle and is used to ensure there is
enough effluent in the dosing vessel to complete a Field Flush and a
Dosing Cycle to the largest zone. The system will not start a dose cycle in
automatic if the dose enable switch is not on (closed) however unlike the
low water float, the system will continue to run if the dose enable float
opens during a cycle. The dose enable float switch functions the same on
the float switch screen as the low water float.
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10.3 The High Water float switch is on the top and is used to alert the operator
of a high water condition in the dosing vessel. Unlike the low water and
dose enable floats the high water float switch is red on the float switch
screen. Also unlike the low water and dose enable floats the system will
continue to run weather the high water float is on or off, it is just used as a
visual indicator for the operator. The high water float functions the same
on the float switch screen as the low water and dose enable floats.
0
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1 1. MAIN SCREEN
(Figure 15)
The Main screen (figure 15) is only accessible when the system is unlocked, most
of the system parameters can be accessed and/or changed from this screen.
Pressing the Return button returns you to the system screen. (figures 4 & 5)
11.1 Number of Zones shows how many zones the system is setup for and to
the right it shows the maximum number of zones capable when running
one at a time. PC 16 means 16 zones, PC 24 means 24 zones, and PC 32
means 32 zones. These maximum numbers are divided by two if the
dosing technique is dual (2) because in dual zone dosing mode 2 field
valves equal one zone. Pressing on the zones number and entering a new
number can change the number of zones.
Be Careful if you enter 9 and you only have eight field valves the system may try to run zone 9 and will cause a system failure.
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11.2 Dosing Technique is set for one or two, one being single zone dosing (one
field valve at a time) and two being dual zone dosing (two field valves at a
time). Pressing on the dosing technique number and entering a new
number can change the dosing technique. The system will only allow a
one or two.
11.3 Backwash by Flow shows the number of gallons to flow through the meter
in automatic before the system backwashes the filters. This number can be
fairly high because the differential pressure gauge will always start a
backwash if the filters get dirty. Pressing backwash by flow gallons and
entering a new number can change this number. After entering the new
number the filters screen (figure 16) will appear so the filter dwell and
duration times can be changed. The duration is the time each individual
filter washes and the dwell is the time between each filter. The filter
screen will be different according to the number of filters on each system.
Pressing the time to change and entering a new time can change the times
(although the factory defaults are usually sufficient). Pressing the Return
button will close the filters window.
(Figure 16)
11.4 Next Zone shows the next zone to run when a dosing cycle starts as long
as that particular zone is not failed or turned off. Pressing on the Next
Zone number and entering a new number can change this. Next Zone will
not be displayed in when the system is in RTD.
11.5 Select Dosing Routine allows you to select either ETD (elapsed time
dosing (Ex every 60 minutes)) or RTD (real time dosing (EX 1300 (1:00
p.m.))). Pressing either ETD or RTD will open the dosing routine window
one of two ways depending on which mode the system is already in.
11.6 The ETD dosing window (figure 17) allows you to change to real time
dosing by pressing the ETD button and selecting RTD. From this window
you may also change the elapsed time interval by pressing the elapsed
dose time button and entering a new dosing time. Pressing the Return
button will close the ETD dosing window.
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Select Dosing Routine
Minutes between
Elapsed Dose Time those starting.
(Figure 17)
1. Pressing the Elapsed Dose Time button will allow you to change
the elapsed time interval
2. Pressing the Manual Set button will open the elapsed time counter
(figure 18). Once open you may change the count by pressing it
and entering a new count. Pressing the Return button will close the
elapsed time counter.
(Figure 18)
11.7 The RTD dosing window (figure 19) allows you to change to elapsed time
dosing by pressing the RTD button and selecting ETD. From this window
you
also change the real time settings b pressing zone dose times
may as g gYP g
button to open the dose number and start times screen (figure 20). Pressing
the Return button will close the RTD dosing window.
Select Dosing Routine _
__. Da starting time(s)
o r.a ... .. ,
Zone Dose Times format. F�etp
(Figure 19)
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11.8 The dose number and start time screen (figure 20) allows you to set up to
32 individual start times every 24 hours, and you can select the zone that
starts at that time. From this screen you may change any of these settings
by pressing the setting to be changed and entering a new one. You may
also add or remove start times by pressing the Set button and entering the
number of start times required every 24 hours from 1 to 32. Pressing the
Return button will close the dose number and start time screen.
(Figure 20)
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11.9 Pumps button allows you to enable or disable pumps and to set various
pump run times. The pumps window (figure 21) shows the system setup to
run dual pumps for 60 seconds to pressurize the system at the beginning of
each dosing cycle. It also shows the priming pump as being disabled. To
change the dual pumps time press the seconds button and enter a new
time. To disable dual pumps press the dual pumps button and select
disable. Pressing the Return button will close the pumps window.
(Figure 21)
1. To enable the priming pump press the priming pump button and
select enable. The priming timer will appear on the pumps window
(figure 22). To set the priming time press the seconds button and
enter a new time. Pressing the Return button will close the pumps
window.
(Figure 22)
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11.10 Zone Setup Values allows you to view and change the setup values,
warning parameters, and fail parameters for the system. Pressing the zone
setup values button will open the GPM window (figure 23).
(Figure 23)
You must always press the Set button after making changes on this screen for the changes to take effect.
1. From the GPM window (figure 23) you can change the setup value
for each individual zone (the setup value is the number the system
uses to compare the GPM readings to that it takes during a dosing
cycle). To change the setup value press the GPM next to the zone
you wish to change and enter a new value. Pressing the Return
button will close the GPM window.
2. The set points warning is the percentage above and below the setup
value the system can flow before a System Warning appears. The
default setting is 20 but it may be set from 1 to 99 by pressing the
and opening the warning window (figure 24).
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(Figure
3. To change the warning point, press the number box and enter a
new number. Pressing the Return button will close the warning
window.
4. The set points failure is th percentage above and below the setup
value the system can flow before a System Failure appears. The
default setting is 50 but it may be set from 1 to 99 by pressing the
FAILURE and opening the failure window (figure 25).
60
(Figure
5. To change the failure point, press the number box and enter a new
number. Pressing the Return button will close the failure window.
6. From this window you may also change the Fail Mode Operation
by pressing the current mode and selecting either STOP ON FAIL
or DOSE ON FAIL.
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Stop on fail causes the system to stop dosing each time a zone fails
until reset by an operator.
Dose on fail stops the failed zone from running until reset by an
operator but allows the system to continue running the other zones.
(NOT RECCOMMENDED)
In the GPM window you may also change the Fail Mode Operation
by pressing the current mode and selecting either STOP ON FAIL
or DOSE ON FAIL.
Any time a change is made in the GPM window the Set button must be pressed to
allow the system to recalculate the new parameters. Whenever the Set or the
min/max buttons are pressed the set points window (figure 26) will open.
Pressing the Return button will close the set points window.
(Figure 26)
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11.11 The Zone Dose Values window allows you to view and change the dose
volumes and the pressurization times for each individual zone Pressing the
zone dose values button will open the dose volume window (figure 27).
Pressing the Return button will close the dose volume window.
11.12 From the dose volume window (figure 27) you can change the dose
volume for an individual zone by pressing the gals next to the zone to be
changed and entering a new value. You may also change the pressure time
in this window by pressing the secs next to the zone to be changed and
entering a new value.
(Figure 27)
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11.12 The Zone Flush Counters window allows you to view the days since the
last zone flush. Pressing the zone flush counters button will open the zone
flush window (figure 28). Pressing the Return button will close the zone
flush window.
The zones are set to flush every 16 days therefore every time a count
reaches 16 that particular zone will be set to flush the next time it is called
to run. After a zone is set to flush it will remain set until it runs therefore if
a zone is disabled for more than 16 days it will flush the first time it is
restarted and then continue to flush every 16 days.
You may also manually set a zone to flush by pressing the zone number and
selecting turn on. The number will turn red and that zone will be set to flush the
next time it is called to run. To disable the manual setting press the red zone
number and select turn off.
(Figure 28)
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11.13 The system is equipped with one normally open input, which may be used
by the operator to connect a rain gauge or other external device to stop the
system from running until the event has cleared. By pressing the auxiliary
shutdown Bypass button the operator can bypass the input signal from this
device so the system will keep running.
11.14 The original factory defaults Set button will return the system to its
original factory setting which were determined by the job engineer
according to the site conditions.
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12. DOSING SCREEN
(Figure 29)
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12.1 By pressing the flow meter on the system screen (figures 4 & 5) you will
open the dosing screen (figure 29). The dosing screen allows you to view
the dose volume, last GPM, and setup value for each individual zone. This
screen also allows you to view the real time flow information as a zone is
running. Pressing the Return button will return you to the system screen
(figures 4 & 5).
If the system is unlocked you may change the flow or dose information by
pressing the information you wish to change and then entering the new
information. The GPM and setup information may not be changed from this
screen they are here for information and troubleshooting only.
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13. ZONE STATUS SCREEN
(Figure 30)
I
13.1 By pressing the Sensors button on the system screen (figures 4 & 5) you
k4
will open the zone status screen (figure 30). The zone status screen allows
the operator to see the condition of the zone on or off). Pressing the
p ( fl g
Return button will return you to the system screen (figures 4 & 5).
If the system is unlocked you may enable and/or disable zones by pressing
on the green or red dot under the zone number. A green dot under the zone
number means the zone is enabled. A red dot under the zone number
means the zone has been disabled.
If you have zone sensors connected to the system they may also disable
the zones. If the Zone # is blue the zone is enabled. If the Zone # is red as
in Zone 16 (figure 30) the zone is disabled by the sensor. If either the dot
under the zone number or the Zone # are red the zone will be disabled.
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14. MAINTENANCE SCREEN.
(Figure 31)
14.1 By pressing the Stop button on the system screen (figures 4 & 5) you will
open the maintenance screen (figure 31). The maintenance screen lets
everyone know there is some type of maintenance being performed on the
system do not start the pumps. Whenever the system maintenance screen
is on all -automatic system operations are halted. Pressing the Start button
will remove the system from maintenance mode and return you to the
system screen (figures 4 & 5).
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15. HELP SCREEN
By pressing the Help button on the system screen (figures 4 & 5) you will
open the PDF version of this manual. Closing the PDF file will return you
to the system screen (figures 4 & 5).
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16. DAILY / MONTHLY LOGS
Along with the reset able Data Log Screen (figure 12) the system also logs
daily and monthly flow information to the computers hard drive at 8:00
a.m. for retrieval by the operator. The system stores 90 days of daily logs
and 30 months of monthly logs. On the 31St and 91St day the newest file
will over write the oldest log file.
16.1 To retrieve a log file press the Data Log button on the system
screen (figure 2). When the data log screen opens (figure 12) press
the View button. When this button is pressed the system will open
a word processing program that will be used to open and view the
log file (figure 33).
(Figure 33)
1. When the program is open press the file open button and the
open box will appear as in (figure 34).
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(Figure 34)
2. When the open box appears (figure 34) select either the daily
or the monthly folder and press the open button.
3. After the open button has been pressed, from the Files of
Type drop down box select All Documents [*.*] as in (figure
35).
io)c m daily k°❑'—I i'Y
Mi, 77
7:
1.0
�r
b 7
Windows (".doc)
Windows (".doc) �u
IYIdowS Wflte (".VJfI)
Rich Text Format (".rtf)
Text Documents (x.txt)
Text Documents - MS-DOS Format,(%.txt)
Unicode Text Documents '.txt
(Figure 35)
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4. After the All Documents [*.*] has been selected a list of
daily or monthly files will appear in open box (figure 34).
5. From the list of files select the file to be viewed as in (figure
36). The files are saved by date and will look as follows,
(Rd020330) the first two letters (Rd) stand for remote daily
so this would be a daily file. A monthly file would begin with
the first two letters of (Rm).
The rest of the file name is read as follows (yymmdd),
therefore (Rd020330) would be remote daily (Rd), 2002 (02),
March (03), 30th (30).
Since the computer logs at 8:00 a.m. this example would be
the daily log file for March 29Th at 8:00 a.m. to March 30th
8:00 a.m.
(Figure 36)
6. After you have selected the file to be opened press the open
button and the screen will appear as in (figure 37).
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17. I/O SCREEN
(Figure 39)
17.1 By pressing the View I/O button the 1/0 screen will appear showing the current
status of the input and outputs. Only one of the output boards labeled RACK 3
will be visible determined by the dosing technique. (The flow meter input may not
function due to the communication speed between the cpu and the controller.)
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18. OPERATIONAL
FLOWCHARTS
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Turn on
power for
pumps and
controller
power light on Turn on
YES breakers in
controller
Pull s emergenc Tum on the
emergency YES - stop button touch
stop button depressed ? screen
computer
Contact authorized10',oes startup
personnel to ensure screen a ear as
power is connected in fig. Double click the LAS
system icon
P �se the starttq
Press the System � screen appear
as in fig.1
Check the es the syste Contact
communication using screen appear as Wastewater
the troubleshooting i
chart n fig. 5 or 6 Systems Inc.
switches
are in auto
and place
the H -0 —A
switches in
The system is now
ready and will run as
programmed

UNLOCK
A the system,
window present
\as in fig. 3/
Return to the
system window as
in fig. 3
the Unlock
System already
unlocked
the Unlock
button
i you wish
unlock the
, system
System remains
the syste locked
LOCK window present
as in fig. 5
Return to the
system window as
in fig. 5
Is the Lock
Press the Lock
System already
locked
Check the
password
Enter the
Is the Lock
System unlocked
anyone can
access and
change data
System locked
against
unauthorized
changes

should reset any errors
return the screen to the
stem window as in fig.5

,JA. the systerii-,
window present
*in fig. 3 o�,T
Return to the
system window Press the Sys Log
button
appear as in
fig. 11 with
system run an
error
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window

,19 the system
window present
`ag in fig. 3 oi�ff
Return to the
system window
Press the Data
Log button
The data log screen is a
running totalizer that is reset
able by the operator. This is
not the same as the daily
he data log and monthly logs which are
will appear as not resetable.
in fig. 12 with
system flow
3'0 you wlsn U
clear the data
log
Is the Clear YES - Press the Clear
utton present button to reset all
The system is
locked. Unlock the Fb
ss the Return
system to clear ton to return to
systemwindow
Pressing the clear button has
no effect on the daily or
monthly logs.

,4§ the systerit,
window present
'sinfig. 3ci�O
Return to the
system window Press the Data
Loc button
The data log screen is a
running totalizer that is reset
able by the operator. This is
not the same as the daily
he data log and monthly logs which are
will appear as not resetable.
in fig. 12 with
system flow
Press the Monthly
button
The monthly flow screen is
the current monthly flow
information for the present
month. It will automatically
reset on the first of every
mon y
og will appear
month, and is not user
I1
ss in.. 3
resetable.
with system
flow
Press the Return
button to return to
the data log
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window

,Jt the system,
window present
's in fig. 3 o�ff
Return to the
system window Press the Floats
button
Touch the float to Touch the float to
be changed. I I be changed.
The system is oes the da
locked input screen --Y-ES Enter a new value
appear in seconds.
,jo you wisn to,
change another
\ float /
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window
The low water and dose
enable floats will appear
green when they are on and
osing
the high water will appear
ank status will
red.
appear as in
fig. 14 with float
switch •
Debounce time is the time
mat! n.
the float must be
continuously made before
the controller recognizes
them as on to prevent the
D ou wi to
float from causing the input
Press the Return change the
to bounce on and off.
button to return to debounce
the system window imes
Touch the float to Touch the float to
be changed. I I be changed.
The system is oes the da
locked input screen --Y-ES Enter a new value
appear in seconds.
,jo you wisn to,
change another
\ float /
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window

,-K the system,
window present
'as, in fig. 3 o�,T
Return to the o the Dose,
Now and Main
system window 1C.nQ nnnpar
Press the Main
button
/The main screen
will appear as in fig.
15 all of the system
parameters can be
accessed from this
\ screen
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window
The system is
locked.
'FM

As the main-,
screen present
was in fig. 1
Go to the main Press the # in the
screen center of the
number of zones
Enter a new # of
zones
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window

As the main\
screen present
�s in fig. 15/
Go to the main
screen
Press the # in the
center of the
dosing technique
Enter a 1 for single
or a 2 for dual.
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window
In single zone dosing valves
= 8 zones. In dual zone
dosing 8 valves = 4 zones.

I,"
As the main\
screen present
,-,as in fig. 1 j
Go to the main FPress the # in the
screen center of the
backwash by flow
Enter the number
of gallons between
backwashes
Press the Return nange mter,
button to return to -No wash and dwell
the main window times /
This is the number of gallons
between filter backwashes
This is the amount of time
each filter washes and the
rest time between filters
wash
times
Press the Return
flowchar
button to return to
t to
the system window
change
This is the number of gallons
between filter backwashes
This is the amount of time
each filter washes and the
rest time between filters

/Is the main',
screen present
,,as in fig. 1 j
Go to the main Run the view/
screen change backwash
by flow flowchart
Ffiie filter dwell Duration is the time the filter
duration washes, dwell is the time
window between filter washes.
appears as in
�, fig. 16
3ress the duration
or dwell time next
to the filter to be
Enter a new value
in seconds.
Change Press the Return
other value button to return to
the main window
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window

As the main,,
screen present
,as in fig. 1 j
Go to the main Press the number
._._....._...----
screen in the center of the
next zone box.
Enter number for
the next zone
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window
When dosing by real time the
next zone box will not be
visible.

/Is the main-,
screen present
'-�s in fig. 1 j
Go to the main � Press the ETD/
screen RTD button in the
select dosing
Press the elapsed
dose time button
Dose interval is the time in
minutes between dose starts
Enter a new dose
interval
Press the Return
button to return to
Press the Return
button to return to

As the main\
screen present
was in fig. 15/
Go to the main [ Press the ETD/
S( reen RTD button in the
select dosing
' The dosing
routine box will
appear as in
fig. 17
Press the select
dosing routine
button
ETD — elapsed time dosing
sets the system to run every
XX minutes.
RTD — real time dosing sets
Select ETD or the system to run at exact
RTD real times
Press the Return
button to return to
Press the Return
button to return to

/(s the main\
screen present
I -,@s in fig. 1 j
Go to the main Press the ETD/
screen RTD button in the
select dosing
Press the manual
set button
/The minutes
until dose start
window will
appear as in
\ fig. 18
Press the minutes
in the minutes until
the dose start box
From here you can manually
configure the next dose to
start by changing the
minutes until the next start
Press the Return
Enter the number
button to return to
of minutes until the the select dosing
Press the Return
button to return to
the main window
Press the Return
button to return to

� � ,;its the main`
ti
<_soreen open a�
t in fig. 15 , Yes
l' Run the View Main Pressthe EiD/
Screen flowchart - i RTO button in the ,
i r select dosing i
routine box
i� Run the view/ Does the select
change dosing , e8osing routines,
routine flowchart sbox appear as '
and select RTD ip fig 19-,
Ail{
Yes
Press the zone
dose Mmes button
is
Mere you cavi select the; time
You want a dose to start
Here you can select which
UW zone to start at a particular
i time,
i C Enter anew zone [ Select the zone to
number ( be changed
° -
Change Yes
oil another zone z>
no
`The hose number
and start times
window will appear
as in fig. 20
number of
doses
g
iter a new stars 11
the Rgturn
button to return to
to be
time 1Jtime
—
n
0:
the select dosing
changed
r
7
Change`
Real Time Dosing
another start �•
Yes
__
egg
� � ,;its the main`
ti
<_soreen open a�
t in fig. 15 , Yes
l' Run the View Main Pressthe EiD/
Screen flowchart - i RTO button in the ,
i r select dosing i
routine box
i� Run the view/ Does the select
change dosing , e8osing routines,
routine flowchart sbox appear as '
and select RTD ip fig 19-,
Ail{
Yes
Press the zone
dose Mmes button
is
Mere you cavi select the; time
You want a dose to start
Here you can select which
UW zone to start at a particular
i time,
i C Enter anew zone [ Select the zone to
number ( be changed
° -
Change Yes
oil another zone z>
no
`The hose number
and start times
window will appear
as in fig. 20
number of
doses
number
5efect the stars
iter a new stars 11
the Rgturn
button to return to
to be
time 1Jtime
—
button to return to ,
the select dosing
changed
main window
Change`
another start �•
Yes
__
time ✓"
number
Press the S
Enter a new
Press the ReturnPress
the Rgturn
button to return to
1
button to return to ,
the select dosing
main window
routine window.
-the
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window �
Press the S
Enter a new

"�N
�/,,-N,
s aInI\
screen open as
Xin fig. 15
yes/
. . ........
Run the View Mairs
Press the Pumps
Screen flowchart
button in the
. ........ . .. ------ --- —]
pumps box
The Pumps box will
appear as in fig. 21
or 22 1
Press the Dual
Pumps Time
button and enter
the time the dual
pumps run.
disable dual
� PUMP$ �
pump
*--,`'disable phi
pump
Press the Change
Priv ina Time
r -�@ yes e priming pump
button and enter
thetime
time the Z
priming pump
Press the Return
button to return to
the main window
Press the Return
button to return to
he system window
Press the Dual
LIMRS button an
select enable or
Press the
'a Edmiflug"
button and select
enable or disable

.reen open as >
-in fig. 15 Z yes
Run the View Main w, Press the Zone
Screen flowchart i ggW Values
I button
The Gallons per
Minute window will
Press the. GPM for
appearasinfig.23 i
the zone
changed
Enter the new yes,
GPM
Change
Press the Set
no . . ......... "",another Zane
button
,Z
/ The setup
parameters window Press the Return
will appear as in fig, button to return to
26 the Gallons per
You con press the min/max
button at any time to view
the setup parameters
Press the Return
button to return to
the main window
Press the Return
button to return to
the system window

L
411Vlew/C"hange
i
Parameters
it
the
Is the main
screen open as
in fig. 15
yes
Run the Ue
Press the Zone,
i
Screen flowchartse#usa1€aes
J
� button
Ego
i
1 The talions
The
The Warning box
i
per Change
Minute window will i
< set points ;= yes
Press the number - viill appear as in fig.
ttt
I
t appear as in fig. 23 °
warning r ✓
box underthe., 24
4
nD
-
,.r
tri ,
`
✓r The Warning box �
will appear as in fig.
r- l � ✓�hanae T~he`,
Press the number 'des set points `.
{ Press the Ret€tra�
I button to return #o
e number
25 ✓ /
box under the
1 FR1£ URE
failure ✓
/
the Gallons per
er a new i
17i�nta e
_Minute window
no
a
Press the number :
Press the Return ;
button to return to
fail mode yes ir-
`
Press the FAIL
MODE
Select either Dose
on Fail or Stop on
aril enter a new
percentage
the Gallens per
Minutewtindow
operation ,✓
'<' ✓
C3I�PICSAt
Fail.
i
no
_-. _- -__-- ._._�
Stop on Fail is the factory '
-_
!_
default an is recommendedPress
the Ste#
tae#ton
The setup
, ...--
a
`
' }
parameters window
(
\ appear
button to return Return
Press theurn
will as in fig:
,
26 JJ
the Gallons per
t
You con
press the minfrnax
1`
Minute window _
button
at anytime to view_-_
the setup parameters
4
Press the Return
Press the Return ,
Ih
button to return to
button to return to i
Ithe system window�
the main window i
�.
ii
rs
l
:r

yes
i the View Main Press the Zo_ne
—^^
rear Dose yalues
button
The Gallons per
Dose window will
Press the DOSE -4
appear as in fig.
the zone to be
changed
Enter the new Yes,
DOSE value
Press the Return
button to return to
the main window
Press the Return
button to return to
he system window

yes
Run the Yew Main Press the Purrs
Semenflowchart.: button in the
pumps box
I/The Pumps box will
appear as in fig. 29
or 22
Press the Dual
Purnigs Time
button and enter
the time the dual
pumps run.
Press the
Priminn Time
button and enter - `yes
the time the
priming pump
- e.narxe or -,\{' Press the € ual
select enabldisable dual > yes Pumps button and
pumps",/ -e or
pump time
,r r-LIdUieVI 1, Press the
disable priming`_- Priming
�<pump button and select
1\11 1� enable or disable
Press the Return
outton to return to
the main window
Press the Return
button to return to
he system windom

,reen open asn >
yes
fig. 95f
n the View Main
Press the one
,reen ftowchart
Flush Counterg
button
The Intervals
,�-,
between ZONE ake a zoii1�1
Press the Zone
0-1 flush next yes ,,r
FLUSH window will cyclea number to be
appear as in fig. 28, activated,
Press the Value
for Vre zone to be
changed
Enter the new I yes,
Value,
Change
`-�,another zone,/'
Press the Return
button to return to
the main window
Press the return
n
t ;t re t
C u
um
t0
m
button 0
he system Window
Press the turn on yes,
button
activate
<IanotherZone X"�
no=

,,49'the systeitl
window presei
Return to the
system window
Yes
Press the
FLOWMETER
The dosing screen
rill appear as in fig.
29 showing the
current flow, dose
volume last GPM,
,grid setup value,
--1---- Y- --
Press the flow
bufton for the zone
Enter a new flow
value
Press the Return i
button to return to
the system window
The current flow is a running
total and only displays flow
when the zone is running.
The system must be
unlocked to change any
Information in this screen. To
unlock the system go to the
Unlock/Lock flowchart.
N" 4
Dosing Z403icreen
Press the
FLOWMETER
The dosing screen
rill appear as in fig.
29 showing the
current flow, dose
volume last GPM,
,grid setup value,
--1---- Y- --
Press the flow
bufton for the zone
Enter a new flow
value
Press the Return i
button to return to
the system window
The current flow is a running
total and only displays flow
when the zone is running.
The system must be
unlocked to change any
Information in this screen. To
unlock the system go to the
Unlock/Lock flowchart.

xinoow prssen2
.as in fig. 6 yes
no
Return to the T -
system window Press the Sei
S button
/The Zone Status i
screen will appear I
t as in fig. 30 showing t
the condition of the !
"ey zones (on/off) rf
The system must be
unlocked to change the
current condition of any
Dy -fou wish -go
zone.
l change the,-,,_ ,
condition of a e
yes
Pr ess the dot
under the zone to
be chane
Turning off a zone will cause
yes
the dosing cycle to be
-I skipped each time that .zone
.-:-;
is to run,
no
Pressors ar off
,' f Change
�notherzone ?, .
Press the Return
button to return to
the system Window

I
i
I
f
F
a
-i the sysi
indovw pre
as in fig.
_2 �,
I
Return to the
Press tete o
button
/The Maintenance
screen will appear
as in fig. 31 showtn,_#-,,
Maintenance in
Progress
Press the "a
button to return to
the system window
While in Maintenance
all automatic system
operations ed
Maintenance
Press tete o
button
/The Maintenance
screen will appear
as in fig. 31 showtn,_#-,,
Maintenance in
Progress
Press the "a
button to return to
the system window
While in Maintenance
all automatic system
operations ed

the sysatshl,
<window present -
'a
re n'a in fig. 3 a yes
no
Return to the
system Window *rtress the Dab
rhe data log screen
mill appear as in fig.
12 with a running
total of the system
flow information
A word
processing
program will be
opened as in
ti,, fig. 33
The data tog screen is a
unning totalizer that is reset
able by the operator. This is
not the same as the daily
and monthly logs which are
not reset able.
The system must be
unlocked for the view button
to be present.
/ The open box
as the open W( will appear as
der on the I \ in fig. 34
Using the look in
drop down list
open the daily or
monthly folder.
'fhe data for the
day or month the
was selected will
From the list of
files select thefile1'4"
1
1 Using the Files of
type All
yes 'appear as in fig. f
to be opened asin
select
Documents [*.*] as
37
ss
fg. 36 and press
in fig. 35
the Open button.
The file names are translated
you
as follows:
,J)wish'to
open another >
Rd =dally
Rm = monthly
file ?
file name Rd02O330
would be a daily log file for
2002 - match - Vh
no
RdO2 - 03 - 30
Press the dose [X] i
button on the word
processor. To
return to the data
log screen.
Press the Return
button to return to

PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
19. TROUBLESHOOTING
FLOWCHARTS
Waste Water Systems Inc.
- 56-

Use the View/ —1
Use the Viewl
proper operation of
Change Dosing
Change setup
4s t e system,,
Screen Chart to
view the last GPM
he setup
4the last
the zone in
setup value.
Yes t,<,
the failed zone
correct
0
v
Use the Viewl
the setup value is
Low Flow Failure
L
Reset. Errors chart
is he last bPM
is lie
I
to the
i
i
to determine the
yes <�Ilow of only on q> yes
valves for the
zone which has
4 "Al",
failed zone.
tiled low flow.
T
Use the View/ —1
Use the Viewl
proper operation of
Change Dosing
Change setup
4s t e system,,
Screen Chart to
view the last GPM
he setup
4the last
the zone in
setup value.
Yes t,<,
the failed zone
correct
0
ran. And ensure
the setup value is
troubteshootinjg
field valves chert
L
correct.
is he last bPM
is lie
I
to the
i
Go to the no flow 'before -starting
flowchart
its time to do a
manual filter/611d this corn
maintenance ora yes '�N,.the problem
waste treatment I
— Also —chleck ior]
Use the Viewl
proper operation of
f Change Zone
Flush Counters
Change setup
4s t e system,,
pressure gauge
values chart to
enter the correct
< single zone
dosing
the zone in
setup value.
fj.for
question.
— - — — — ----------
Go to the
no
troubteshootinjg
field valves chert
L
Possibly only one
is he last bPM
is lie
I
to the
and check the field
i
of the two valves
yes <�Ilow of only on q> yes
valves for the
opened
1-7 t' n.
�7
failed zone.
T
-7
Using the
Backwash chart
backwash the
filters.
Using the Dose
Now chart Dose
the zone in
question.
its time to do a
manual filter/611d this corn
maintenance ora yes '�N,.the problem
waste treatment I
— Also —chleck ior]
Using the View/
proper operation of
f Change Zone
Flush Counters
the differential
chart turn the
pressure gauge
fj
zone flush to on
using the XSDP
the zone in
chart
fj.for
question.
Using the Dose
Now chart Dose
the zone in
question.
!this chart ensure
the appropriate
fuse and output
modules are
working
I Correctly.
If a manual filter
maintenance was
recently performed
check to ensure the
filters were installed
-,the problem ?
This may indicate yes
a filtering problem
or that the zone
system need to
field flush more
often.

Use the View[
Reset Errors chart
to determine the
zone which has
failed high flow.
Use the Viewl
Change Dosing
Screen Chart to
view the last GPM
the failed zone
ran. And ensure
the setup value is
correct.
the setup
Use the View/ I
i Use the Viewl
Change setup I
Change Pressure
values chart to j
Times chart to
enter the correct
increase the
setup value ^
pressurization time
Enabling or increasing the
dual pump time may also
correct this problem
Before starting
Ihis chart ensure
the appropriate
fuse and output
modules are
working
conectly and a!'
with are in
their cerreet
positions.
The vent tube should bleed
i and you should here water
rush through the valve as it
opens and then the water
should stop when you return
1 the override to auto
1 F,
I
...........I
Repair the Main 1
line and reset the
errors.
L....... . ........... . ......... ....... ......... . ...... .... .
fi
yes
is the main
e broken ?
With the pump
running go to
each field valve
and turn the
Override to open
and then back to
auto ?
Use the
troubleshooting
valves flowchart t to
check the valve in
question.
Flow Failure
X valves ,,
manually open
-7
return valve
,.ckising?"
With no valves
open turn one of
the pump H -O -A
switches to H
(hand)
-alter a few -
minutes does
.ke flow stop,'
�This could indicate
a broken main line.
Walk the Main line
open and then
I-" close'? '/
The valve that did
not ventwhen
opened and did
not close when
returned to auto is
stuck in the open
position
yes W ­
Return the valves
to the auto
position.
Use the uw i
troubleshooting
valves flowchart to
check the zone I
return valve, I
This could indicate
a broken line in the
zone in question.
Walkthe zone to
inspect for leaks,

i
""IN 1-1
is
� �`
f Use the 24 YAC
Check the pump
vtltage
Are bath
control voltage
i chart to the
power t0 the
correct t0 the
�'�,
yes ���, �
psampsfailed
yes ensure
control voltage is
control panel
panel'? ,�.{'
goad
no
no
Corxtat an
rt Are teite .�
Reset the overload
A�oTf s r tce ;
Petnrrei
overloads
, tripped ?
-yes -- that is tripped and
reset the error.
- ,
1
h
�
i
the fuses
bid this fix the �, Rand
gre
on the
Replace the phase
se loss
noloss monitor and
the error.
Toro.
rEset
L^
Tum the H -t7 -A The inputs for the pump
switch for the starters are on rack 1 slots 5
it -
pump that has & 6
failed to H (hand)
Does the ii' t
)es the pump � yes t V- light for the
turn on? / pump
Check the pump Replace the input
wrong. i blocks for the MTR
starters.
Check the
fuses in the
pump
output
blocks
I this fix the Replace the output
problem �' - blocks and ensure I yes Are fuses
I(( they are in auto.
The pump
outputs are
rack 2 slots 0
&1
Reset the errors
and ensure
tv
the fuses
bid this fix the �, Rand
yes
! everything is in
en
p ` end ensure the
`�, problem
Auto
- blocks are in auto.

Fail Initial
WIN'
Use the View/
Reset Errors chart
to determine the
zone which has
failedinitial.
Go to the Gallons
per dose window
and ensure the
pressure time is
not to long for the
mount of the dose.
a float switch
problem, Ensure
the proper volume
between the low
water and dose
enaYle,float
/�Isthe volume -,,-
correct ?
olume-,.correct' r,.
yes
IF
nun the
troubleshooting
float switch chart l
to cheek the float ;
swftches.
Use the High flow
failures chart to
cheek for open
Valves. Ora
broken main line.
Adjust the level of
no the floats to
ensure adequate
volume for dosing.
With no valves
gallons,
As'he
open turn one of
,tithe
< per dose to tow '_
X.
no--- pressure .
time to long'`
no the pump H -O -A
7
,
switches to H
(hand)
Yes
yes
Use the View/
Use the View/
,,'Atter a f w4-.
Change Erose
Chane Pressure
9
i
minutes, does
values chart to
'limes chart to
"toe flow stal5 -
Bitter the correct
decrease the
dose..T
`
pressurization time
a float switch
problem, Ensure
the proper volume
between the low
water and dose
enaYle,float
/�Isthe volume -,,-
correct ?
olume-,.correct' r,.
yes
IF
nun the
troubleshooting
float switch chart l
to cheek the float ;
swftches.
Use the High flow
failures chart to
cheek for open
Valves. Ora
broken main line.
Adjust the level of
no the floats to
ensure adequate
volume for dosing.

With the pumps of
the differential
pressure gauge
needle should be
to the far left.
-f
s the gauge to" � yes
the left'?
no
Replace "he
differentral
pressure gauge.
-- ..... . . .....
-he DP inj
light off ?
This could indicate
its time to do a
manual filter
maintenance or a
waste treatment
problem
maintenance was
recently performed
check to ensure the
filters were installed
property.
The input fbr the DP is on
rack I slot 4-
Replace the DP
input block
Check the wiring
to the DP Gauge
Reset the system
Errors.
Fail
XSDP
With the pumps of
the differential
pressure gauge
needle should be
to the far left.
-f
s the gauge to" � yes
the left'?
no
Replace "he
differentral
pressure gauge.
-- ..... . . .....
-he DP inj
light off ?
This could indicate
its time to do a
manual filter
maintenance or a
waste treatment
problem
maintenance was
recently performed
check to ensure the
filters were installed
property.
The input fbr the DP is on
rack I slot 4-
Replace the DP
input block
Check the wiring
to the DP Gauge
Reset the system
Errors.

,,Does the fl o Check the
-��meteri 1 te nom- flowmeter
no ?
Rack 3 any used slot.
troubleshooting 24
In the field
VAC field voltage
manually open a
chart and check
Turn one of the
Manually open one
of the field valves
,!Dbes the f1m
pump Irl -O -A
by turn the switch
meter indicat
switches to hand.
on the output block
flow ?
pump H -O -Ai L*4 no
to on.
switches to band.
,,Does the fl o Check the
-��meteri 1 te nom- flowmeter
no ?
Go to the
troubleshooting 24
In the field
VAC field voltage
manually open a
chart and check
field valve.
for a signal.
yes
'X/
,,Does the fl o Check the
-��meteri 1 te nom- flowmeter
no ?
This could indicate
a suction problem,
check pumps and
suction lines.
Vere Filters
plugged ?
Manually clean the
filter rings,
Manually open a
different field
valve.
toes the ft6w,
meter indicate
flow ? Z
Check to
see if there
is pressure
on the
system
Is systE
essuriz
Turn off pump and
open a filter cover
to check for
plugging.
Rack I slot 0
Z1s the flolw",,rn ,� Tuon other
meter input yes&
flashinglz PUMP
Replace the flow
meter input.
Go to the
troubleshootin
field valves crk
and check th(
valve for the zo
With no flow.
Turn master valve
to open.
,Does the fi6w.
meter indicate
'�' flow? "-
Go to the
troubleshooting
field valves chart
and check the
master valve.
yes
IF .. ' '
Proceed to the
check field valves
flowchart
In the field
9
manually open a
field valve.
Turn one of the
pump H -O -Ai L*4 no
switches to band.
i.
This could indicate
a suction problem,
check pumps and
suction lines.
Vere Filters
plugged ?
Manually clean the
filter rings,
Manually open a
different field
valve.
toes the ft6w,
meter indicate
flow ? Z
Check to
see if there
is pressure
on the
system
Is systE
essuriz
Turn off pump and
open a filter cover
to check for
plugging.
Rack I slot 0
Z1s the flolw",,rn ,� Tuon other
meter input yes&
flashinglz PUMP
Replace the flow
meter input.
Go to the
troubleshootin
field valves crk
and check th(
valve for the zo
With no flow.
Turn master valve
to open.
,Does the fi6w.
meter indicate
'�' flow? "-
Go to the
troubleshooting
field valves chart
and check the
master valve.
yes
IF .. ' '
Proceed to the
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PC system Operations Manual
Waste Water Systems Inc.
20. SCHEMATICS
Waste Water Systems Inc.
- 57-

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4 Rose Hill
"Percy Rite" DATE: 09/22/07
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1 of 1 Waste Water Systems, Inc.
REV -0
A Rose Hill
DATE. 09/22/07 P.O. BOX 1023 706 276-3139
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Perc`Rite'• ELLIJAY, GA. 30540 Fox [phone]

ATTACHMENT C
RESIDUALS ACCEPTANCE LETTER FROM BUNCOMBE
COUNTY MSD