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Home My WebLink About20190111 Ver 1_Yonkers Road_NRTR_11_29_15_revised 07082016_20190124 NATURAL RESOURCES REPORT Jurisdictional and Protected Species Topics Improvements to Yonkers Road Wake County, North Carolina City of Raleigh April 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 2.0 METHODOLOGY AND QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................... 1 3.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ..................................................................................... 1 3.1 Soils ...................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Water Resources .................................................................................................. 2 4.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES ........................................................................................... 3 4.1 Terrestrial Communities ..................................................................................... 3 4.1.1 Maintained/Disturbed ...................................................................................... 4 4.1.3 Piedmont/Mountain Bottomland Hardwood Forest……………………………4 4.2 Terrestrial Wildlife .............................................................................................. 4 4.3 Aquatic Communities .......................................................................................... 4 4.4 Invasive Species ................................................................................................... 5 5.0 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES ................................................................................. 5 5.1 Clean Water Act Waters of the U.S. ................................................................... 5 5.2 Clean Water Act Permits .................................................................................... 6 5.4 Construction Moratoria ...................................................................................... 6 5.5 N.C. River Basin Buffer Rules ............................................................................ 6 5.6 Rivers and Harbors Act Section 10 Navigable Waters ...................................... 6 5.7 Wetland and Stream Mitigation ......................................................................... 7 5.7.1 Avoidance and Minimization of Impacts ......................................................... 7 5.7.2 Compensatory Mitigation of Impacts ............................................................... 7 5.8 Endangered Species Act Protected Species ........................................................ 7 5.9 Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act ................................................... 10 5.10 Endangered Species Act Candidate Species ................................................... 10 5.11 Essential Fish Habitat ..................................................................................... 10 6.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 11 Appendix A Figures Figure 1. Vicinity Map Figure 2. Raleigh East , NC Quad Map Figure 3. Jurisdictional Features Map Figure 4. Terrestrial Communities Map Appendix B Scientific Names of Species Identified in Report Appendix C Stream Forms LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Soils in the study area .................................................................................... 2 Table 2. Water resources in the study area ................................................................. 3 Table 3. Physical characteristics of water resources in the study area....................... 3 Table 4. Coverage of terrestrial communities in the study area ................................. 4 Table 5. Jurisdictional characteristics of water resources in the study area.............. 5 Table 6. Federally protected species listed for Wake County. .................................... 7 Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 1 April 2016 1.0 INTRODUCTION The City of Raleigh proposes to make improvements to Yonkers Road from Capital Boulevard to New Bern Avenue in Raleigh, NC. The purpose of this 2.3 mile project is to improve the condition of the pavement by full replacement or pavement patch and overlay as required based on subsurface findings. The project will add curb and gutter and also add pedestrian and bicycle amenities such as multi-purpose path along the south side of the roadway. Other enhancements to this roadway will include possible geometric improvements and visually pleasing landscaping. 2.0 METHODOLOGY AND QUALIFICATIONS RK&K biologists conducted field work in October 15, 2015, and March 4, 2016. Communications with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) have been initiated. The principal personnel contributing to this document were: Principal Investigator: Hal Bain, Rummel Klepper and Kahl, LLP (RK&K) Education: M.S. Coastal Ecology Track, UNC Wilmington, 1989 B.S. Biology, Campbell University, 1985 Experience: Senior Environmental Project Scientist, RK&K, 2009-Present Natural Resources Team Leader, ARCADIS, 2003-2008 Biological Surveys Group Leader, NCDOT, 1995-2003 Senior Biologist, NCDOT, 1992-1995 Biology Teacher/Coach, Wake County Public Schools, 1989-1992 Responsibilities: wetland and stream identification, natural community assessments, T/E species assessment, agency determinations, NRTR document preparation, and QA/QC Investigator: Pete Stafford, PWS, RK&K Education: B.S. Environmental Science, UNC Wilmington, 2000 Experience: Environmental Scientist, RK&K, 2001-Present Responsibilities: preparation of forms, wetland and stream delineations, T/E surveys, Natural communities assessment, NRTR document preparation Investigator: David Ward, RK&K Education: B.S. Geography, Bloomsburg University, 1999 Experience: GIS specialist, RK&K, 2002 - Present Responsibilities: GIS surveys and mapping 3.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES The study area lies in the piedmont physiographic region of North Carolina (Figure 2). Topography in the project vicinity is comprised of gently rolling hills with narrow, level floodplains along streams. Elevations in the study area range from 180 to 254 feet above Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 2 April 2016 sea level. Land use in the project vicinity consists primarily of areas cleared and maintained for commercial and industrial use. 3.1 Soils The Wake County Soil Survey identifies 18 soil types within the study area (Table 1). Table 1. Soils in the study area Series Mapping Unit Drainage Class Hydric Status Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes, rarely flooded AfB Moderately Well Drained Hydric* Appling gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes AgB Well Drained Nonhydric Appling gravelly sandy loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes AgC Well Drained Nonhydric Appling sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ApB Well Drained Nonhydric Augusta fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded AuA Somewhat Poorly Drained Hydric* Cecil sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, moderately eroded CeB2 Well Drained Nonhydric Cecil sandy loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes, moderately eroded CeC2 Well Drained Nonhydric Cecil clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, severely eroded ClB3 Well Drained Nonhydric Cecil clay loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded ClC3 Well Drained Nonhydric Chewacla sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded CmA Somewhat Poorly Drained Hydric* Congaree silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded CpA Moderately Well Drained Hydric* Faceville sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, moderately eroded FaB2 Well Drained Nonhydric Louisburg loamy sand, 6 to 10 percent slopes LoC Well Drained Nonhydric Mantachie sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded MeA Somewhat Poorly Drained Nonhydric Udorthents loamy, 0 to 15 percent slopes UdD Well Drained Nonhydric Wake-Wateree complex, 10 to 25 percent slopes, very rocky WkE Excessively Drained Nonhydric Wehadkee and Bibb soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded WoA Poorly Drained Hydric Worsham sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes WyA Poorly Drained Hydric * - Soils which are primarily nonhydric, but which may contain hydric inclusions 3.2 Water Resources Water resources in the study area are part of the Neuse River basin [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Unit 03020201)]. Five streams were identified in the project study area (Table 2). Crabtree Creek is the dominant feature in the project study area. Marsh Creek and it’s unnamed tributaries flow to Crabtree Creek. The locations of these water resources are shown in Figure 3. The physical characteristics of these features are provided in Table 3. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 3 April 2016 Table 2. Water resources in the study area Stream Name Map ID NCDWQ Index Number Best Usage Classification Crabtree Creek Crabtree Creek 27-33-(10) C, NSW UT to Crabtree Creek SA 27-33-(10) C, NSW Marsh Creek SB 27-33-20 C, NSW Ut to Marsh Creek SC 27-33-20 C, NSW UT to Crabtree Creek SD 27-33-(10) C, NSW Table 3. Physical characteristics of water resources in the study area Map ID Bank Height (ft) Bankful Width (ft) Water Depth (in) Channel Substrate Velocity Clarity Crabtree Creek 6 35 12-24 Sand, silt moderate turbid SA 1 6 3-12 Cobble, sand, silt slow clear Marsh Creek (SB) 4 25 3-15 Cobble, sand, silt slow clear SC 1 8 2-12 Cobble, sand, silt moderate clear SD 1 8 1-6 sand, mud slow stained Crabtree Creek and March Creek are not listed as an Outstanding Resource Water (ORW), trout water, anadromous fish water, or Primary Nursery Area (PNA) in the study area or within one mile downstream of the study area. There are no designated High Quality Waters (HQW) or water supply watersheds (WS-I or WS -II) within 1.0 mile downstream of the study area. Marsh Creek is identified by the North Carolina 2014 Final 303(d) list within the study area for benthos fair (Nar, AL, FW). Benthic samples have been taken at Crabtree Creek at US 1 and given a rating of “Fair” on August 24, 2005. The closest Fish surveys were conducted on the Marsh Creek at SR 2277, which confluences with Crabtree Creek downstream of the project study area. 4.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES 4.1 Terrestrial Communities Two terrestrial communities were identified in the study area; maintained/disturbed and piedmont/mountain bottomland hardwood forest. Figure 4 shows the location and extent of these terrestrial communities in the project study area. A brief description of each community t ype follows. Scientific names of all species identified are included in Appendix B. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 4 April 2016 5.7.1 4.1.1 Maintained/Disturbed Maintained/disturbed habitat is present throughout the study area in places such as roadside shoulders, utility easements, forest strips, along with commercial and industrial and lawns. The vegetation in this community is comprised of landscape plantings along with early successional vegetation including: fescue, crabgrass, clover, henbit, Chinese privet, blackberry, and Japanese honeysuckle, loblolly pine, yellow poplar, and sweetgum. 5.7.2 4.1.2 Piedmont/Mountain Bottomland Hardwood Forest The piedmont/mountain bottomland hardwood forest community occurs along the floodplain of Crabtree Creek and Marsh Creek where periodic overbank flooding occurs. Red maple, sycamore, sweetgum, American elm, green ash, sugarberry, and river birch dominate the canopy while box elder and constituents from the canopy species are found in the understory. Chinese privet, Russian olive, holy, viburnum, along with constituents from the canopy and subcanopy layers are present in the shrub layer. The vine/herb layer is comprised of poison ivy, Japanese honeysuckle, roundleaf greenbrier, blackberry, Japanese stiltgrass, wingstem, river oats, canary grass, and deer to ngue-grass. 5.7.3 4.1.3 Terrestrial Community Impacts Terrestrial communities in the study area may be impacted by project construction as a result of grading and paving of portions of the study area. Community data is presented in Table 4. Once a final alignment and preliminary design have been determined, probable impacts to each community type will be calculated in the project’s CE. Table 4. Coverage of terrestrial communities in the study area Community Type Acreage in Study Area (acres) Maintained / Disturbed 71.55 Pieldmont/Mountain Bottomland Hardwood Forest 2.29 Totals 73.84 acres 4.2 Terrestrial Wildlife Terrestrial communities in the study area are comprised of both natural and disturbed habitats that may support a diversity of wildlife species (those species actually observed are indicated with *). Mammal species that commonly exploit forested habitats and stream corridors found within the study area include species such as gray squirrel*, raccoon*, groundhog*, Virginia opossum*, and whit e-tailed deer*. Birds that commonly use forest and forest edge habitats include the red-shouldered hawk*, American crow*, blue jay, Carolina wren*, Carolina chickadee*, tufted titmouse*, yellow-rumped warbler* and northern cardinal*. Birds that may use t he open habitat or water bodies within and adjacent to the study area include American kestrel, red-tailed hawk*, belted kingfisher*, eastern bluebird*, and turkey vulture*. Reptile and amphibian species that Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 5 April 2016 may use the project study area include the black rat snake, eastern box turtle, and American toad. 4.3 Aquatic Communities Five aquatic communit ies are present in the project study area (Crabtree Creek, Marsh Creek and three unnambed tributaries). These features are capable of supporting beaver, northern water snake, northern dusky salamander*, golden shiner, redbreast sunfish, and various benthic macroinvertebrates including crayfish and caddisfly. 4.4 Invasive Species Three species from the 2012 NCDOT Invasive Exotic Plant List for North Carolina were found to occur in the study area. The species identified were Chinese privet (Threat), Japanese honeysuckle (Moderate Threat) and Russian olive (Watch list). 5.0 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES 5.1 Clean Water Act Waters of the U.S. Five jurisdict ional streams (Table 5) and two jurisdictional wetland were identified in the project study area (Table 6). The location of these features are shown on Figure 3. USACE stream and wetland delineation forms are included in Appendix C. The physical characteristics and water quality designations of these perennial jurisdictional streams are detailed in Section 3.2. Crabtree Creek, Marsh Creek and three unnamed tributarures in the project study area have been designated as a warm water streams for the purposes of stream mitigation. Table 5. Jurisdictional characteristics of water resources in the study area Map ID Length (ft.) Classification Compensatory Mitigation Required River Basin Buffer Crabtree Creek 226 Perennial Yes* Subject SA 131 Perennial Yes* Subject Marsh Creek (SB) 312 Perennial Yes* Subject SC 163 Perennial Yes* Subject SD 140 Perennial Yes* Subject *Pending agency review Two jusrisdictional wetlands (WA and WB) are present within the project study area. Wetland WA is located within the floodplain of Marsh Creek south of Yonkers Road (Figure 3). WA is classified as a floodplain pool and exhibites soil, vegetation, and hydrological characteristics to meet the criteria of a jurisdictional wetland. Hydrology for this feature is driven by overbank flooding of Marsh Creek with input from roadway runoff and precipitation. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 6 April 2016 Wetland WB is located at the toe of the fill slope just west of the intersection of Yonkers Road and New Bern Avenue (Figure 3). WB is classified as a floodplain pool and exhibites soil, vegetation, and hydrological characteristics to meet the criteria of a jurisdictional wetland. Hydrology for this feature is driven by roadway runoff and precipitation. Table 6. Jurisdictional characteristics of wetlands in the study area Map ID NCWAM Classification Hydrologic Classification Area (ac.) WA Floodplain Pool Riparian 0.1 WB Floodplain Pool Riparian 0.05 5.2 Clean Water Act Permits A Nationwide Permit (NWP) 23 will likely be applicable. A NWP No. 33 may also apply for temporary construction activities. The USACE holds the final discretion as to what permit will be required to authorize project construction. If a Section 404 permit is required then a Section 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) from the NCDWR will be needed. 5.3 Coastal Area Management Act Areas of Environmental Concern Wake County is not one of the twenty counties under the jurisdiction of the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). Therefore, no CAMA Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) exist in the study area. A CAMA permit from the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) will not be required. 5.4 Construction Moratoria Crabtree Creek and Marsh Creek are not considered an NCWRC trout water or anadromous fish habitat . No moratoria will be required for this project. 5.5 N.C. River Basin Buffer Rules Buffer rules administered by NCDWR are applicable for the Neuse River Basin. Therefore, the study area streams will be subject to buffer rule protection. 5.6 Rivers and Harbors Act Section 10 Navigable Waters There are no Navigable Waters under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act located in the project study area. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 7 April 2016 5.7 Wetland and Stream Mitigation 5.7.4 Avoidance and Minimization of Impacts As noted previously, there are five streams and two wetlands present in the project study area. The City of Raleigh will attempt to avoid and minimize stream impacts to the greatest extent practicable in selecting and designing the preferred alternative. 5.7.5 Compensatory Mitigation of Imp acts If stream/wetland impacts are determined as the project progresses, the City of Raleigh will investigate potential on-site stream and wetland mitigation opportunities . If on-site mitigation is not feasible, mitigation will be requested from the Nort h Carolina Department of Environment Quality – Department of Mitigation Services. 5.8 Endangered Species Act Protected Species As of April 21, 2016, the United States Fish and Wildlife (USFWS) lists four federally protected species for Wake County (Ta ble 6). A brief description of each species’ habitat requirements follows, along with the Biological Conclusion rendered based on survey results in the study area. Habitat requirements for each species are based on the current best available information from referenced literature and/or USFWS. Table 6. Federally protected species listed for Wake County. Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status Habitat Present Biological Conclusion Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle BGPA No N/A Myotis septentrionalis Northern long-eared bat T Yes No Effect Picoides borealis Red-cockaded woodpecker E No No Effect Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf wedgemussel E No No Effect Rhus michauxii Michaux’s sumac E Yes Unresolved Northern long-eared bat USFWS Recommended Survey Window: June 1 – August 15 Habitat Description: In North Carolina, the Northern long-eared bat (NLEB) occurs in the mountains, with scattered records in the Piedmont and coastal plain. In western North Carolina, NLEB spend winter hibernating in caves and mines. Since this species is not known to be a long-distance migrant, and caves and subterranean mines do not occur in eastern North Carolina, it is uncertain whether or where NLEB hibernate in eastern North Carolina. During the summer, NLEB roost singly or in colonies underneath bark, in cavities, or in crevices of both live and dead trees (typically ≥3 inches dbh). Males and non-reproductive females may also roost in cooler places, like caves and mines. This bat also been found, rarely, roosting in structures like barns and sheds, under eaves of buildings, behind window shutters, in bridges, and in bat houses. Foraging occurs on Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 8 April 2016 forested hillsides and ridges, and occasionally over forest clearings, over water, and along tree-lined corridors. Mature forests may be an important habitat type for foraging. Biological Conclusion: No Effect The USFWS listed the northern long-eared bat as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in April 2015 and established an interim 4(d) rule. The final 4(d) rule was effect ive on February 16, 2016. Patches of forested habitat exist within the project study area. However, t he NCNHP Inventory database, as of April 21, 2016, has no records of a maternity roost tree or hibernaculum in the project study area or within Wake County. Due to the presence of minimal habitat, lack of known occurrences, and minimal impact anticipated for this project, it has been determined that this project will have no effect on the red-cockaded woodpecker. Red-cockaded woodpecker USFWS Recommended Survey Window: year round; November-early March (optimal) Habitat Description: The red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) typically occupies open, mature stands of southern pines, particularly longleaf pine, for foraging and nesting/r oosting habitat. The RCW excavates cavities for nesting and roosting in living pine trees, aged 60 years or older, which are contiguous with pine stands at least 30 years of age to provided foraging habitat. The foraging range of the RCW is normally no more than 0.5 miles. Biological Conclusion: No Effect The project study area is located in a densely commercially developed portion of Raleigh, North Carolina. Open, mature stands of southern pines, particularly longleaf pine, for foraging and nesting/r oosting habitat are not present within the project study area. Additionally, a review of the NCNHP database on April 2 1, 2016 revealed no known occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile of the project study area. Due to the lack of habitat, known occurrences, and minimal impact anticipated for this project, it has been determined that this project will no effect on the red-cockaded woodpecker. Dwarf wedgemussel USFWS Recommended Survey Window: year round Habitat Description: In North Carolina, the dwarf wedgemussel is known from the Neuse and Tar River drainages. The mussel inhabits creek and river areas with a slow to moderate current and sand, gravel, or firm silt bottoms. Water in these areas must be well oxygenated. Stream banks in these areas are generally stable with extensive root systems holding soils in place. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 9 April 2016 Biological Conclusion: No Effect No surveys associated with the subject project were conducted for Dwarfwedge mussel in the creek and stream habitat that is present in the project study area. Two named features (Crabtree Creek and Marsh Run) along with unnamed tributaries are present and are part of the Neuse River drainage. However, t hese aquatic resources exhibit flashy flow and have been severly degraded by bank destabilization and sediment deposition, along with human derived trash from increased impervious surface runoff in the project vicinity. Instream habitat in the form of sand, gravel, or firm silt bottoms is absent. Highly unstable stream banks are eveident and exist on all streams present within the project study area. Surveys conducted by NCDOT, NCWRC and others over the past twenty- plus years have discovered no populations of Dwarfwedge mussel in and around metropolitan Raleigh, NC. A review of the NCNHP database on April 21, 2016 indicated that the c losest known current occurrence of Dwarfwedge mussel is about 3.3 miles from the project study area on the Neuse River. Based on the lack of available stable habitat and the history of surveys conducted over the past twenty-plus years, it is determined that the subject project will have no effect on the Dwarfwedge mussel. Michaux's sumac USFWS Optimal Survey Window: May-October Habitat Description: Michaux’s sumac, endemic to the inner Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont, grows in sandy or rocky, open, upland woods on acidic or circumneutral, well- drained sands or sandy loam soils with low cation exchange capacities. The species is also found on sandy or submesic loamy swales and depressions in the fall line Sandhills region as well as in openings along the rim of Carolina bays; maintained railroad, roadside, power line, and utility rights-of-way; areas where forest canopies have been opened up by blowdowns and/or storm damage; small wildlife food plots; abandoned building sites; under sparse to moderately dense pine or pine/hardwood canopies; and in and along edges of other artificially maintained clearings undergoing natural succession. In the central Piedmont, it occurs on clayey soils derived from mafic rocks. The plant is shade intolerant and, therefore, grows best where disturbance (e.g., mowing, clearing, grazing, periodic fire) maintains its open habitat. Biological Conclusion: Unresolved A review of t he North Carolina Natural Heritage Program records, updated Oct. 16th, 2015, indicates no known occurrences within 1.0 mile of the study area. Forested habitat is present in the project study area along roadside rights of way and areas of mixed vegetation (Figure 4). Plant by plant surveys of these habitat locations were conducted on May 10, 2016 by Hal Bain and Pete Stafford of RK&K, to determine presence or absence of Michaux’s sumac within the project study area. RK&K staff biologist visited a known location of the subject species (near Poole Road in Wake County) to confirm diagnostic characteristics prior to initiating plant by plant surveys in the project study area. No individuals of Michaux’s sumac were found during the survey. Due to the Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 10 April 2016 presence of minimal habitat and minimal impact anticipated for this project, it has been determined that this project will have no effect on Michaux’s sumac. 5.9 Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act Habitat for Bald eagle primarily consist of mature forest in proximity to large bodies of open water for foraging. Large dominant trees are utilized for nesting sites typically within 1.0 mile of open water. A desktop-GIS assessment of the project study area, as well as the area within a 1.13-mile radius (1.0 mile plus 660 feet) of the project limits, was per formed on October 17, 2015 using January 2014 color aerials. No water bodies large enough or sufficiently open to be considered potential feeding sources were identified. Since there was no foraging habitat within the review area, a survey of the project study area and the area within 660 feet of the project limits was not conducted. Additionally, a review of the NCNHP database on April 2 1, 2016 revealed no known occurrences of this species within 1.0 mile of the project study area. Due to the lack of habitat, known occurrences, and minimal impact anticipated for this project, it has been determined that this project will not affect this species. 5.10 Endangered Species Act Candidate Species As of April 21, 2016, the USFWS lists no Candidate species for Wake County. 5.11 Essential Fish Habitat There are no Essential Fish Habitat areas identified by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in the study area. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 11 April 2016 6.0 REFERENCES Burt, W.H. and R.P. Grossenheider. 1976. A Field Guide to the Mammals: North America North of Mexico. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 255 pp. Conant, R. and J.T. Collins. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians (Eastern and Central North America). 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 450 pp. Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Mississippi. Harrar, E.S. and J.G. Harrar. 1962. Guide to Southern Trees. New York: Dover Publications. 2nd ed. 709 pp. Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 264 pp. National Geographic. 1999. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. 3rd ed. Washington, D.C. National Geographic Society. N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality. 1995. Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in North Carolina. Fourth version. N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality. 2009. Basinwide Water Quality Plan, Neuse River Basin. Raleigh, North Carolina. http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/planning/basin- planning/water-resource-plans/neuse-2009 N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality. 2016 Draft North Carolina 303(d) List-Category 5. N.C. Department of Transportation. 2012 Invasive Exotic Plants of North Carolina. Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 490 pp. Peterson, R.T., editor. 1980. A Field Guide to the Birds of Eastern and Central North America. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 384 pp. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1183 pp. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 12 April 2016 Rohde, F.C., R.G. Arndt, D.G. Lindquist, and J.F. Parnell. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of the Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 222 pp. Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina: Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, NCDEHNR. Raleigh, North Carolina. 325 pp. United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2010. Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Eastern Mountains and Piedmont Region. ERDC/EL TR-10-9. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/trel10-9.pdf United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Web Soil Survey of Wake County, North Carolina. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1998. Hydrologic Units-North Carolina (metadata). Raleigh, North Carolina. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4: Southeast Region, North Carolina Ecological Services. 2015. Threatened and Endangered Species in North Carolina: Wake County. Updated April 21, 2016. http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/cntylist/wake.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2006. Optimal Survey Windows for North Carolina’s Federally Threatened and Endangered Plant Species. http://www.fws.gov/nces/es/plant_survey.html. United States Geological Survey. 2011. Topography 7.5 Minute Quadrangle (Digital Raster Graphics) Map Services for Raleigh East, NC. http://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press. 255 pp. Natural Resources Report Yonkers Road, Wake County, N.C. 13 April 2016 Appendix A Figures 14 April 2016 Figure 1. Vicinity Map 15 April 2016 Figure 2. Project Study Area Map (Overlaid on Topography Map) 16 April 2016 Figure 3. Jurisdictional Features Map (Overlaid on Aerial Photograph) 17 April 2016 Figure 4. Terrestrial Communities Map (Overlaid on Aerial Photograph) 18 April 2016 Appendix B Scientific Names of Species Identified in Report Plants Common Name Scientific Name American elm Ulmus americana Blackberry Rubus sp. Box elder Acer negundo Canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Clover Trifolium sp. Crabgrass Digitaria sp. Deer tongue-grass Dichanthelium sp. Fescue Festuca sp. Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Henbit Lamium amplexicaule Holly Ilex sp. Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Japanese stiltgrass Microstegium vimineum Loblolly pine Pinus taeda Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans Red maple Acer rubrum River birch Betula nigra River oats Chasmanthium latifolium Roundleaf greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia Sugarberry Celtis laevigata Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Viburnum Viburnum sp. Wingstem Verbesina alternifolia Yellow poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 19 April 2016 Animals Common Name Scientific Name American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos American toad Bufo americanus American kestrel Falco sparverius Beaver Castor canadensis Belted kingfisher Black rat snake Megaceryle alcyon (formerly Ceryle alcyon) Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata Caddisfly Order Trichoptera Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus Crayfish Cambarus spp. Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Groundhog Marmota monax Golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas Northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus fuscus Northern water snake Nerodia sipedon sipedon Raccoon Procyon lotor Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus Red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor Turkey vulture Cathartes aura Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata 20 April 2016 Appendix C Stream and Wetland Forms 21 April 2016