19991233 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20001031 (2)

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Environmental Monitoring Program
The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club
Chatham County, North Carolina
October 27, 2000
Prepared By:
Turf & Environmental management Associates
Raleigh, North Carolina
Environmental Monitoring Program
The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club
Chatham County, North Carolina
October 27, 2000
Prepared By:
Turf & Environmental management Associates
Raleigh, North Carolina
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Phase I: Background Construction and Development Phase - Surface
Water, Groundwater, and Sediment Quality 2
2.1. Sample Locations 2
2.2. Sample Frequency 3
2.3. Sample Variables 3
2.4. Field Methods 5
2.5. Laboratory Methods 10
3.0 Phase H: Surface Water, Groundwater, and Sediment Quality During
Operations 11
3.1. Sample Locations 11
3.2. Sample Frequency 11
3.3. Sample Variables 12
3.4. Field Methods 12
Laboratory Methods 12
4.0 Data Storage, Reporting, and Criteria for Management Response
4.1. Data Storage and Reporting 13
4.2. Data Analysis 13
4.3. Criteria for Management Response 14
5.0 Field Quality Control and General Water and Sediment Sampling
Considerations 17
5.1. General Measures 17
5.2. Prevention of Sample Contamination 17
5.3. Field Quality Control 18
6.0 References 19
Appendix I 20
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc.
Raleigh, North Carolina
Environmental Monitoring Program Page
' 1.0 Introduction
' A water quality monitoring program has been established for The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf
Club. The monitoring program will include monitoring of surface water, pond sediments, and
' ground water. The monitoring plan, based on sound, scientific principles will:
1. Establish a baseline of water and sediment quality prior to construction,
2. Provide data that will establish environmental conditions, thus providing a basis for
measuring compliance with environmental regulations, and
3. Ensure that Integrated Pest Management is functioning properly.
' An adaptation from a model proposed by Madhun and Freed (1990) notes that there are four
basic types of monitoring which can occur: 1) Reconnaissance - periodic observation to disclose
' changes or trends. With IPM employed this is an integral part of this program; 2) Surveillance -
to comply with an enforcement program. Pesticide application licensing programs require record-
keeping which may be monitored at any time. This will be required by law and serves as a record
' of a part of the cultural program; 3) Subjective - spot-checking for broad or open-ended
exploration of problems. A superintendent with training and experience in the golf course
management industry has the background and resources to investigate problems and make
' intelligent decisions; and 4) Objective - to provide data for use in developing or confirming the
results of on-going programs. Monitoring operations at The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club
will focus on maintaining environmental quality and obtaining information on which to make
r adjustments in cultural programs using all of these approaches.
' Results of the Environmental Water Quality monitoring program provide feedback to the golf
course superintendent, and thus provide a useful management tool. For example, the results of the
program are used in determining the correct application rates and timing of pesticides and
' fertilizers, and the optimum operation of irrigation programs.
The Environmental Monitoring Program is established in two phases that coincide with golf
' course development. Phase I is during the construction and development phase and immediate
host-development time-frame. nd Phac +? *he?est-de?.°1cgneperatienaLgo f ?? Ir e.
' Environmental Monitoring Program Page
2.0 PHASE I: BACKGROUND CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PHASE -
' SURFACE WATER, GROUNDWATER, SEDIMENT QUALITY AND MACROBENTHOS
MONITORING.
The goal of Phase I is to establish background surface water, groundwater, sediment quality and
' macrobenthos population data at The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club.
2.1. Sample Locations.
Surface Water. Surface water on the property are several unnamed tributaries which
ultimately egress the property to Jordan Lake. Water will be sampled at locations on the
' creeks that are described below and shown on attached map (SW means surface water):
• Sample Station SW-1, SW-2, & SW-3. Surface water test location at discharge
' location
• Sample Station SW-4 & SW-5. Surface water test location upstream of project
Obtaining water samples from the same location is important so that comparisons can be
made. Sample stations will be located and permanently marked in the field, identified on
maps, and photographed so that stations are easily located during subsequent sampling
efforts. Data from these sample stations will allow an assessment of the quality of the
water.

11
Groundwater. Surficial groundwater will be sampled at nine locations that will be
determined by the geologist based on flow directions. Four wells will be up-gradient, and
five wells will be down-gradient of the golf course. Locations will be described once they
are determined, and will be given below and shown on attached map (MW means monitor
well).
• Sample Station MW-1 thru MW4 and MW-9 are downgradient
• Sample Station MW-5 thru MW-8 are upgradient.
Groundwater sample stations will be field marked, identified on maps, and photographed.
Data from these sample stations will allow an assessment of the quality of the groundwater
on the site.

Environmental Monitoring Program Page
Sediment. Pond sediment will be sampled from the sediments of three tributaries. The
' location is described below and shown on attached map (S means sediment).
Sample Stations S-1 thru S-3 are down arg, dient
• Sample Station S-4 thru S-6 -are Ug adient to measure sediment that may be
' entering the property.
The sediment sampling station will be impounded during construction. Thus, in
' subsequent sampling phases the location will be changed from the tributary to the pond
that will be constructed.
' Macrobenthos Sampling for benthic macroinvertebrates will be conducted at four
locations. The location is described below and shown on attached map ( MB means
' mcrobenthos ).
Sample Stations MB-1 thru MB-3 are downgradient
Sample Station MB-4 is upgradient
2.2. Sample Frequency. The goal of Phase I is to define conditions at the site.
' Surface Water. Surface water samples will be collected three times prior to beginning
Phase H. Depending on the construction schedule, one sample event will be in Winter
' (December, January, February), Spring (March, April, May), one in Summer (June, July,
August), and one in Autumn (September, October, November). Should water not be
available on a given sample date, two additional attempts should be made to obtain a
' sample within the time period.
Groundwater. Groundwater samples will be collected three times during this phase.
Sediment. Sediment will be collected one time during the spring sample time.
' Macrobenthos. Macrobenthos samples will be collected one time prior to any construction
activity in the fall or winter.
' This phase of the monitoring program will be converted to Phase II when grassing has been
completed.
' 2.3. Sample Variables. Surface water, groundwater and sediments will be analyzed for the
variables listed in Table 1. Macrobenthos parameters are discussed in the following section.
' The inclusion of pesticides in the analytes was based on several factors that are detailed in the
Integrated Pest Management plan (in preparation) for The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club.
The primary factors were potential quantity of a chemical that may be used at the club, and the
' chemical's mobility, leaching potential, persistence and toxicity based on data in the scientific
Environmental Monitoring Program Page 4
literature and computer models. Restrictions have been placed on pesticides and herbicides that
have a high leaching potential; those that have a low to moderate leaching potential will be used
sparingly; and those that will be used most frequently have a very low to no leaching potential and
a rapid degradation time.
Table 1. Variables to tie Analyzed (g) in Surface- and Ground- Water and Sediments at
The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club.

Variable PHASE I and H Environmental Monitoring Program
<-Surface Water Ground Water Sediment
Field Analyses
pH X X
Water Temperature X X
Specific Conductance X X
Dissolved Oxygen X
Laboratory Analyses
Nitrate Nitrogen X X
Ammonia Nitrogen X
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen X
Orthophosphate
Phosphorus X
Total Phosphorus X X X
Fecal coliforms X
Total Dissolved Solids X X
Chlorophyll a X
Turbidity X
Mecoprop X X
Chlorpyrifos X X X
Propiconozole X X X

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2.4. Field Methods . Variables, container type, preservation and holding times for water samples
are given in Table 2, and for sediment samples in Table 3.
' Surface Water. A number of variables will be measured on-site, including pH, water
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. pH will be measured with a pH
probe that has been calibrated dust prior to use. Specific conductance will be measured
with a calibrated specific conductance meter. Dissolved oxygen will be measured with a
dissolved oxygen probe (or by wet chemistry methods) that has been properly calibrated.
Water temperature will be measured with a temperature probe attached to the specific
conductance meter or the dissolved oxygen meter.
Surface water will be sampled by obtaining 'discrete' grab samples of water. Discrete grab
' samples are taken at a selected location, depth and time, and then analyzed for the
constituents of interest. Water will be collected in sample bottles that face upstream, and
water is transferred to sample containers that include proper preservatives and labels. The
' sample containers are immediately placed in a cooler with ice and are taken to a laboratory
for analysis.
' A chain-of-custody program is followed to assure that proper transportation and storage
practices are documented and that the appropriate analyses are being conducted.
A field sampling log of surface water sampling and observations will be maintained. The
log book documents site conditions, including stream water depth, weather conditions,
and field measurements and observations. An example of a page from a field log is given in
' Appendix I.
Groundwater. Groundwater elevation is determined for each well on each sampling date.
' After measuring water elevation, the standing water in the well is removed, and replaced
by fresh formation water. The quantity of water removed is determined from the well
volume and recharge rate. In general, high-yield wells are purged of three well casing
y volumes of water and low-yield wells are pumped to dryness. Each well is purged using a
portable pump or with a Teflon® bailer that is cleaned between well samples. Water is
suitable for sampling when three consecutive measures of water have stable pH,
' temperature and specific conductance readings.
Wells are allowed to recharge after purging to allow the system to equilibrate. Depth to
the water table is re-measured, recorded and water samples are extracted. Extraction
' occurs with a pump, or a dedicated Teflon® bailer. Water temperature, pH, and specific
conductance are measured in water that will not be used for laboratory analyses. Water
samples are taken and decanted or drained into an appropriate sample container that has
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' Environmental Monitoring Program Page 6
the proper preservatives and is labeled. Samples are transferred from the sample device to
' the sample container in a manner that will minimize turbulence and the loss of volatile
compounds. Samples are immediately placed in a cooler with ice and transported to the
analytical laboratory. Whenever non-dedicated equipment is used, cleaning procedures
outlined by the EPA (1986) will be instituted. Special attention will be given to
thoroughly cleaning samplers, tubing, and other equipment. And, to ensure that the
' sample is not contaminated, blanks will be collected and analyzed.
A chain-of-custody program is followed to assure that proper transportation and storage
practices are documented and that the appropriate analyses are being conducted.
' A field sampling log on groundwater sampling and observations will be maintained. The
log book documents site conditions, including water depth, observations, weather
' conditions, and field measurements. An example of a page from a field log is given in
Appendix I.
' Sediment. Sediment will be collected with a gravity type sediment coring device or by
hand. Sampling will occur at three locations around the edge of the creek and will be
composited into one sample in the field. The three samples will be collected from near
' shore sediments. The approximate top 10-cm of the sediment will retained and analyzed
for the variables listed in Table 1.
A chain-of-custody program is followed to assure that proper transportation and storage
' practices are documented and that the appropriate analyses are being conducted. A field
sampling log on sediment sampling and observations will be maintained. The log book
documents site conditions, including water depth, sediment texture, observations, and
' weather conditions. An example of a page from a field log is given in Appendix I.
' Macrobenthos. Macro-benthos sampling. Standard qualitative collection methods for
small I' and 2nd order streams are inappropriate. Therefore, it is recommended that an
abbreviated collection technique be used. This technique is a modification of the standard
' method in which only four samples are collected (rather than ten): one kick net sample,
one sweep net sample, one leaf-pack and "visuals". It is recommended that all organisms
are collected and processed during using this survey type. This collection method is
' referred to in this guidance as a Qual-4 technique. A list of all taxa collected, taxa richness
values (total and EPT), EPT abundance and biotic index values should be given for each
sample collected using this method.
' This collection protocol is semi-quantitative. The result is lists of taxa and relative
abundance values (DWQ assigns Rare, Common and Abundant value to 1-2, 3-9 and 10
or more specimens, respectively). One of the primary objectives of semi-qualitative
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' Environmental Monitoring Program Page 7
surveys is to make within or between site comparisons and to determine the presence or
' absence of benthic macroinvertebrate species with various tolerances to water pollution.
When conducting these types of surveys, attempts are made to collect as many taxa as
possible in an allotted time period and usually requires some experience to select the most
' productive habitat. A disadvantage of semi-qualitative methods is that no information on
standing crop or biomass can be generated.
' DWQ protocols for processing benthic macroinvertebrate samples are discussed in the
Standard Operating Procedures manual (NCEBNR 1997). Benthic macroinvertebrate
' samples collected by biologists are "picked" and preserved in the field. It is not necessary
to know the total number of organisms from a specific habitat type when qualitative or
semi-qualitative samples are collected. It is only necessary to know if those taxa are
I present and if they are rare, common or abundant. Specimens are "picked" from the
sample and preserved in 6 dram vials using 95% ethanol. Larger organisms (dragonflies,
crayfish, Megaloptera) are preserved in larger containers. Standard qualitative collection
methods will take approximately 1 1/2 to 2 hours for a team of three biologists to collect
and Qual-4 collection methods will take approximately one hour per site. Field processing
samples in this fashion minimizes laboratory processing.
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Table, 2. Variables, Container Tyype, Preservation, and Holding Times for Water Samples in
Surface- and. Ground- Water at The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club .
Variable . Container Preservation Holding Analytical Method
,Type Time
pH -
not not applicable not EPA 150.1
applicable a licable
Water Temperature not not applicable not EPA 170.1
applicable applicable
Specific not not applicable not EPA 120.1
Conductance applicable applicable
Dissolved Oxygen not not applicable not EPA 360.1
applicable applicable
Nitrate Nitrogen PG Cool, 4-C 48 h EPA 353.1
Ammonia Nitrogen P,G Cool, 4-C 48 h EPA 350.1, 350.2
Total Nitrogen P,G Cool, 4-C 7 d APHA 4500 or EPA summation for
Kjeldahl, nitrate, and ammonia
nitrogen
Orthophosphate P,G Cool, 4`®C 48 h EPA 365.4, 365.1, 365.2
Phosphorus
Total Phosphorus P.G Cool, 4- C, 28 d EPA 365.4
H2SO4 to pH <2
Fecal coliform P,G Cool, 4-C 6 h Standard Methods 9222
Total Dissolved PG Cool, 4-C 7 d EPA 160.1
Solids
Chlorophyll a P,G Cool, 4-wC; keep filter water Standard Methods 10200
in the dark within 24 h,
and then
store filtrate
in desiccant
in freezer;
28 d once
filtered and
stored in
desiccant
Turbidity PG Cool, 4`®C 48 h EPA 180.1
Mecoprop G Cool, 4-C 7 d EPA 8150, GC with ECD
Target detection limit= 2.50 O
Chlorpyrifos G Cool, 4`wC 7 d extraction: EPA 3510 liquid/liquid
analysis: EPA 8080 GC ECD
Target detection limit= 0.2-g/O
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Environmental Monitorin Pro m rage 9
Propiconozole G Cool, 4`®C 7 d EPA 8080
Target detection limit= 2-g/0
From: USEPA, Metb:)ds for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, E13A-600/4-79-020, updated 1983.
USEPA, Analytical Support Branch, Operations and Quality Control Manual, June 1985.
USEPA, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, SW-846, 1986, updated in 1987.
USGS. Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis.
40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples), 1988.
note that container yes are 'G' for glass and 'P' for plastic.
Table 3. Variables, Container Type, Preservation, and Holding Times for Sediment
Samples at he Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club.
Variable Container Preservation Holding Analytical.Method
Type Time
Chlorpyrifos Glass Jar Cool, 4 °®C 14 d extraction: EPA 3510 liquid/liquid
analysis: EPA 8080 GC ECD
Propiconozole Glass Jar Cool, 4 °wC 14 d extraction: EPA 3510 liquid/liquid
anal sis: EPA 8080
Total Phosphorus P,G Cool, 4 `®C T -14d EPA 365.4
From:
USEPA, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020, updated 1983.
USEPA, Analytical Support Branch, Operations and Quality Control Manual, June 1985.
USEPA, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, S'X-846, 1986, updated in 1987.
USGS. Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis.
40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Sample.,,), 1988.
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' Environmental Monitoring Program Page 10
2.5. Laboratory Methods. The Laboratory used for sample analysis must retain certification by
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or its designated State Agency to conduct chemical
analysis on surface water and drinking water. Certification of the laboratory is maintained by
successful performance of the EPA Water Pollution Study and EPA Water Supply Study. Sample
' analyses will follow accepted, standard methods as defined in the laboratories accreditation and
detailed in their Quality Assurance and Quality Control procedures. Sample containers, properly
cleaned and containing the proper preservative, should be supplied by the analytical laboratory.
' In cases where standard methods are not available, the Laboratory will execute method
development and follow closely related standard practices, and demonstrate accuracy and
' precision of the method with at least a 5-point standard curve, sample spikes, and duplicate
analyses.
' Macrobenthos sampling will be conducted by a certified laboratory based on a list approved by
NC Division of Water Quality.
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3.0. PRASE II: SURFACE WATER, GROUNDWATER, AND SEDIMENT QUALITY
DURING OPERATIONS
The goal of Phase H is to assess the effect of construction and operational activities on surface
water, groundwater and sediment quality.
3.1. Sample Locations.
' Surface Water. Surface water will be sampled at the same locations that are described in
Phase I monitoring program.
Groundwater. Groundwater will be sampled at the same locations that are identified in the
Phase I monitoring program.
Sediment. Pond sediment will be sampled at the same locations that are identified in the
Phase I monitoring program.
The Phase I sediment sampling station will be ponded during construction. Thus, in this
phase of the sampling program the location will be changed from the tributary to the pond
that will be constructed.
Macrobenthos. Macrobenthos sampling will occur at the same locations that are identified
in the Phase I monitoring program
Sample locations will be photographed and marked on maps. Data from this sample
station will allow an assessment of the quality of the sediment in the pond.
3.2. Sample Frequency. The goal of Phase H is to monitor surface water, ground water and
sediment quality during operation of the golf course.
• Surface water samples will be collected four times per year. One surface sample
will be taken in the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. Should water not be
available on a given sample date, two additional attempts will be made to obtain a
sample within the time period.
• Groundwater samples will be collected four times per year during Winter, Spring,
Summer, and Autumn.
• A sediment sample will be collected one time per year at the time of surface water
sampling in the Spring.
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Macrobenthos sampling will occur one time per year at stations MB-2, MB-3, &
MB-4 and twice a year at station MB-l. Annual sampling will occur during the
winter and biannual sampling during winter and summer.
Water quality sampling will be reduced to Spring and Autumn events after three years of
operation, provided that the no significant detections or changes in water quality have occurred.
The Criteria for Management Response outlines the detections or changes that are significant.
Detections of a pesticide listed in Table 1, will trigger additional analyses as described in Criteria
for Management Response.
3.3. Sample Variables. Surface water, groundwater and pond sediments will be analyzed for
the variables listed in Table 1.
3.4. Field Methods. Variables, container type, preservation and holding times for water samples
are given in Table 2, and for sediment samples in Table 3.
Surface Water. Surface water sampling will follow the protocols outlined in Phase I.
Groundwater. Groundwater sampling will follow the protocols outlined in Phase I.
Sediment. Sediment will be collected with a gravity type sediment coring device or by
hand. Sampling will occur at three locations around the edge of the pond (sample points
will form a triangle around the center of the pond) and will be composited into one sample
in the field. The three samples will be collected from near shore sediments. The
approximate top 10-cm of the sediment will retained and analyzed for the variables listed
in Table 1.
Macrobenthos. Sampling will follow the protocols outlined in Phase I.
3.5. Laboratory Methods . Laboratories used for sample analysis will follow the protocols
outlined in Phase I.
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4.0. DATA, REPORTING, AND RESPONSE CRITERIA
4.1 Data Storage and Reporting
Data generated from this monitoring program will be. maintained by the superintendent along with
other course records and data on pesticide and fertilizer use, personnel, and training. The data
from the monitoring report will be available to governmental officials within 20 working days
from the date of sampling.
Monitoring data from field sampling and from laboratory analyses will be entered into a computer
spreadsheet (e.g., QuattroPro, Lotus 1,2,3). Data analyses will be performed with this data set. A
summary of the results of the surface and groundwater and sediment samples, with a list of any
remedial actions that were taken will be kept.
The golf course superintendent will maintain records of cultural activities at the course. Items will
include application schedules of all pesticides and fertilizers applied to the golf course as outlined
in the Pesticide section of this Plan. Information will include the date of application, rate of
application, product used, and specific location where the material was applied. Scouting records
as part of the IPM program will also be kept.
4.2 Data Analysis
Data generated in the monitoring program will be compared to background concentrations and
State surface water and groundwater standards.
Data will also be compared with State water quality criteria and the USEPA pesticide Health
Advisories Limits (HAL's, given in Table 5) that have been reduced by a factor of 0.5. This is a
very conservative factor given that HALs have a margin of safety of 100 to 1000 already built into
the HAL number. In Phase II , concentrations of water and sediment variables will be compared
with background concentrations to determine changes from background conditions. Soils data
will be compared with known requirements for turfgrass and adjustments in the fertilization rates
will be made.
Protection of aquatic fife will be evaluated by comparing measured concentrations against LC5o
data (Table 5) that have been reduced by a factor of 10. LC5o data exist for most of the
chemicals, and the lowest LC5o obtained for the pesticide was divided by a correction factor of 10
to obtain a screening criteria (Suter et al., 1989; Warren-Hicks et al., 1989). This is a
conservative factor in that most measured chronic values would be higher than those estimated
from this factor (Suter et al. 1983).
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I 4.3 Criteria for Management Response
Non pesticide analytes. If concentrations of non-pesticide variables exceed Applicable
State Water Quality Criteria, or if an increasing trend is observed (a statistically significant
trend), or if measured concentrations of nutrients exceed the standard deviation of
background levels by more than two-times, then the media will be resampled and a review
of management practices, site conditions and weather conditions will be implemented to
determine reasons for increased concentrations. The immediate action will also include a
reduction in fertilizer use and/or an increased proportion of slow-release fertilizers.
Following the review cited above, these immediate restrictions may be lifted or modified,
I as appropriate. Records of all actions taken will be maintained by the superintendent.
' Pesticide analytes. If a pesticide listed in Table 1 is detected in samples at concentrations
below a toxicologically significant level as determined by the USEPA Health Advisories
Limits (HAL x 0.5) or by the aquatic toxicity as measured by LC5a x 0. 1, whichever is
I lower, the following responses will result:
1. The sample station, from which the exceedance was obtained, will be resampled
and reanalyzed for the pesticide.
2. Further testing will be required for an additional suite of pesticides ('secondary
level'). A list of secondary pesticides is given is Table 4. Pesticides were included
in this second tier based on the results of the Tier 1 analysis.
3. A review of the use, weather conditions after its application, and possible
alternative control measures will be made and a decision made on the continued
use of the specific problem pesticide.
Table 4. ' The 'Second Level` (Tier H) List of Pesticides To Be Analyzed if Routine Analyses
Indicate Concentrations of Pesticides in Samples.
Ground Water Surface Water
chloroneb chloroneb
diclofop-methyl diclofop-methyl
dithiopyr dithiopyr
fonofos fonofos
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin
fenamiphos if used in the last 50
days fenamiphos if used in the last 50 days
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If a pesticide listed in Table 1 is detected in samples at a concentration above a toxicologically
significant level as determined by the USEPA Health Advisories Limits (HAL x 0.5) or by the
aquatic toxicity as measured by LC50 x 0.1, whichever is lower, the following responses will
result:
1. The pesticide will be immediately removed from the list of recommended
pesticides for use on the golf course, and its use will be terminated.
2. Further testing will be required for an additional suite of pesticides ('secondary
level). A list of secondary pesticides is given is Table 4.
3. The sample station, from which the exceedance was obtained, will be resampled
twice and reanalyzed for the pesticide. Should subsequent resampling and analysis
indicate concentrations below HAL's, the golf course may reinstate the pesticide
on the list of recommended pesticides.
4. If a pesticide listed in Table 1 is detected in samples at a concentration above a
toxicologically significant level as determined by the USEPA Health Advisories
Limit (HAL x 0.5) or by the aquatic toxicity as measured by LC5o x 0. 1, whichever
is lower, water samples from the drinking water wells of the most immediate
property owners downgradient will also be analyzed for the contaminant. Should
the material be detected at a level above that as stated above, The Preserve at
Jordan Lake Golf Club will be responsible for appropriate remediation. This could
include providing bottled drinking water and re-sampling of the wells until the
contaminant level drops or having new wells installed for the property owners.
Criteria for management response are summarized in Table 5.
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Table 5. Response ' Chresholds;for Variables at The Preserve at Jordan Lake Golf Club.
Variable Surface Water Ground Water.
pH Outside of 6.5 to 8.5 Outside of 6.5 to 8.5
Nitrate-Nitrogen North Carolina water standard or two
standard deviations above the baseline
mean, whichever is lower; or an
increasing trend (see text). 5 ppm or two standard deviations
above the baseline mean, whichever is
lower; or an increasing trend (see
text).
Total Phosphorus North Carolina water standard or two
standard deviations above the baseline
mean, whichever is lower; or an
increasing trend (see text). North Carolina water or two standard
deviations above the baseline mean,
whichever is lower; or an increasing
trend (see text).
Chloride two standard deviations above the
baseline mean 250 ppm
Total Dissolved Solids 500 ppm NA
Turbidity no increase from baseline NA
Chlorpyrifos LC5o x 0.1 =0.71 ppb LC50 x 0.1 =0.71 ppb
Mecoprop HAL x 0.5= 17.5 ppb HAL x 0.5= 17.5 ppb
Fenamiphos HAL x 0.5 = 1 ppb HAL x 0.5 = 1 ppb
chloroneb HAL x 0.5 = 45 ppb HAL x 0.5 = 45 ppb
diclofop-methyl HAL x 0.5 = 5 ppb HAL x 0.5 = 5 ppb
dithiopyr LC50 x 0.1 = 48 ppb LC50 x 0-1= 48 ppb
fonofos LC50 x 0-1= 2 ppb LC50 x 0-1= 2 ppb
oyfluthrin LC50 x 0.4 = 0.014 ppb LC5o x 0.1 = 0.014 ppb
t Note that for non pesticide analytes, if an increasing trend is observed (a statistically significant trend) action
will also be triggered Note that for pesticides, the lower of HAL and LC50 is used as the trigger concentration,
thus maldn this very conservative.
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5.0. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL AND GENERAL WATER AND SEDDIENT
SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS.
The field quality assurance program is a systematic process which, together with the laboratory
quality assurance programs, ensures a specified degree of confidence in the data collected for an
environmental survey. The field quality assurance program involves a series of steps, procedures
and practices which are described below.
5.1. General Measures.
a. All equipment, apparatus and instruments should be kept clean and in good
working condition.
b. Records should be kept of all repairs to the instruments and apparatus and of any
irregular incidents or experiences which may affect the measures taken.
C. It is essential that standardized and approved methodologies be used by field
personnel.
d. Macrobenthos sampling by the certified laboratory should follow the criteria as
outlined in the NC Division of Water Quality Standard Operating Procedures
manual.
5.2. Prevention of Sample Contamination . The quality of data generated in a laboratory
depends primarily on the integrity of the samples that arrive at the laboratory, Consequently, the
field personnel must take appropriate measures to protect samples from deterioration and
contamination.
a. Field measurements should always be made on a separate sub-sample, which is
then discarded once the measurements have been made. They should never be
made on the same water sample which is returned to the analytical laboratory for
chemical analysis.
b. Sample bottles, new or used, must be cleaned according to recommended
procedures.
C. Only the recommended type of sample bottle for each parameter should be used.
d. Waxer sample bottles should be employed for water samples only.
e. Recommended preservation methods must be used. All preservatives must be of
an analytical grade.
f. Solvent-rinsed Teflon liners can be used to prevent contamination from the bottle
caps of water samples which are to be analyzed for organic compounds.
g. The inner portion of sample bottles and caps should not be touched with bare
hands, gloves, mitts, etc.
h. Sample bottles must be kept in a clean environment, away from dust, dirt, fumes,
and grime. Vehicle cleanliness is important.
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina
Environmental Monitoring Program Page 18
i. All foreign and especially metal objects must be kept out of contact with acids and
water samples. Petroleum products and exhaust fumes should be kept away from
samples.
j. Specific conductance should never be measured in sample water that was first used
for pH measurements. Potassium chloride diffusing from the pH probe alters the
conductivity of the sample.
k. Samples must never be permitted to stand in the sun; they should be stored in an
ice chest.
1. Samples must be shipped to the laboratory without delay.
m. The sample collector should keep their hands clean and refrain from smoking
while working with water samples.
n. Samplers must wear latex gloves.

5.3. Field Quality Control. Quality control is an essential element of a field quality assurance
program. In addition to standardized field procedures, field quality control requires the
submission of samples to check contamination, sample containers, or any equipment that is used
in sample collection or handling, and to detect other systematic and random errors occurring from
the time of sampling to the time of analysis. Replicate samples must also be collected to check the
reproducibility of the sampling. The timing and the frequency of equipment blanks, duplicate, and
replicate samples are listed in Table 6.
' Equipment Blanks. An equipment blank is prepared in the field at the end of each day's
sampling; and one equipment rinsate blank per water medium per day is prepared. An
equipment blank is prepared by filling appropriate sample bottles with rinsate from the
' final cleaning of non-dedicated, sample equipment, and transporting them to the laboratory
in the same manner as the water samples for analysis.
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Duplicates. Duplicate samples (splits) are obtained by dividing one sample into two sub-
samples. One sample in every ten water samples is split. Splits are done periodically to
obtain the magnitude of errors owing to contamination, random and systematic errors, and
any other variables which are introduced from the time of sampling until the samples arrive
at the laboratory.
Replicates. Two samples are taken simultaneously in a given location. The samples are
taken to measure the cross-sectional variations in the concentration of the parameters of
interest in the system. One water sample per quarter will be replicated.
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina

Environmental Monitoring Program Page 19
Table 6. Number and-Types of Samples Taken-for Field'
uali Control.
Equipment Blank one equipment rinsate blank per
water medium per day
Duplicate one per 10 samples
Replicate one per sample medium per quarter
6.0. REFERENCES
Madhun, Y.A. and V.H. Freed. 1990. Impact of pesticides on the environment. In Pesticide in
the Soil Environment. pp. 429-466. (ed. H.H. Cheng). Soil Science Society of America, Inc.,
Madison, WI.
Suter, G.W. 1989. Ecological end points. PP 1-2 -- 2-28. In W. Warren-Hicks, B.R. Parkhurst
and S.S. Baker, (eds) Ecological Assessment of Hazardous Waste Sites: A field and laboratory
reference. EPA/600/3-89.013.
Suter, G.W. 1990. Endpoints for regional ecological risk assessments. Environ. Manag. 14:19-
23.
Suter, G.W. 1993. Ecological risk assessment. Chelsea, MI. Lewis Publishers.
USEPA. 1983. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020.
USEPA. 1985. Analytical Support Branch, Operations and Quality Control Manual.
USEPA. 1987. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, SW-846, 1986.
USGS. 1976. Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis.
USEPA. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources of Nonpoint Pollution
in Coastal Waters. EPA 840-B-92-002. Washington, DC.
Warren-Hicks, W., B.R. Parkhurst and S.S. Baker, (eds). 1989. Ecological Assessment of
Hazardous Waste Sites: A field and laboratory reference. EPA/600/3-89.013
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina
Environmental Monitoring Program Page 20
APPENDIX I
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina
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Sample of Pesticide Use Record
Application Date:'
Time of Day:
Operator:
Supervisor:
PEST
Weather Conditions
Temperature degrees F
Humidity % o
Windd Speed MPH
Wind Direction
Rainfall inches
Soil Moisture
Pesticide I Active Ingredient I Amount of Formulation I Amount of Water
Adjuvant/Surfactant Amount of Formulation
Area Treated: Acres Square Feet
Amount of Pesticide Used:
Application Equipment: Sprayer Spreader
Remarks:
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a. Surface Water Field Sampling Sheet
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Station Number: Samplers:
Description:
Date of Sampling:, Time of Sampling:
Weather:
Water Temp ('C)
pH
Depth of Water (m)
Wetted Area (m)
1
Specific Conductance: Meter
Reading in 1KC1 soln:
pH meter Model:
Sample Apparatus:
Mode of Trasport:
' Shipping Date:
Remarks:
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina
Field Measurements
Air Temp (°C)'
Specific' Cond (uS)
Depth Sample Taken (in)
Water Flow (in/see)
Calibration of Instruments
Calibration Buffers used:
b. Sediment Sampling Sheet
Station Number:, Samplers
' Description:
Date of Sampling: Day Month Year
' Time of Sampling: Hour Minute
Field Measurements
Water Temp (°C) Air Temp (°C)
pH Specific Cond (uS)
Depth of Water at which sample taken (m),
Specific Conductance: Meter
pH Meter Model:
Sample Apparatus:
M' a f T t
Calibration of Instruments
Meter' Reding' in KCI soln
Calibration buffers used:
U e o ranspor .
Shipping Date:
Remarks:
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina

C. Ground Water Field Sampling Sheet
Well Number: Samplers:

Description:

Weather:
Date of Sampling: Day Month Year
Time of Sampling: Hour Minute
Field Measurements
Water Temp (°C), Air Temp (°C)
PH Specific Cond (uS)

Depth of Water at which sample was tak en (m);.

Calibration of Instruments
Specific Conductance: Meter Meter Reading in KCI soln:
PH Meter Model: Calibration buffers used:
Sample Apparatus:

Mode of Transport:

ShippincDate;
Remarks:
Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina

d. Soils Field Sampling Sheet
Station Number: Samplers:
Description:
Weather:
' Date of Sampling: Day Month Year
Time of Sampling: Hour Minute
Mode of Transport:
Shipping Dater
' Remarks:
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Turf & Environmental Management Associates, Inc
Raleigh, North Carolina