19920395 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19920101

Smote of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources ??.
Division of Environmental Management -?I
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor '
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary H N F1
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
May 18, 1993
Mr. Donley M. Hill
U.S. Forest Service
Post Office Box 2750
Asheville, N.C. 28802
Dear Mr. Hill:
Subject: Proposed fill in Wetlands or Waters
Proposed dredging of Lake Powhatan
Buncombe County
DEM Project # 92395
Upon review of your request for 401 Water Quality Certification to discharge return
water from a upland diked disposal to waters which are tributary to Lake Powhatan in
Buncombe County, as described in your submittal dated 23 April, 1993, we have determined
that the proposed fill can be covered by General Water Quality Certification No. 2668 issued
January 21, 1992. A copy of the General Certification is attached. This Certification may be
used in qualifying for coverage under Corps of Engineers' Nationwide Permit No. 16.
If you have any questions, please contact John Dorney at 919-733-1786
Sincerely,
92395.Itr
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
Asheville Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Central Files
Jr. P. .
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
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MAY - 7 1993
WETLANDS GROUP
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State of North Carolina
Department of hnvironment, Health, and Natural Resour-ces
Asheville Regional Office
Ann B. Orr
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Regional Manager
k,nathan B. Howes, Secretary WATER QUALITY SECTION
May 7, 1993
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney, Special Projects Supervisor
Program Planning Unit
Through: Forrest R. Westall ARO
Regional Water Quali isor /
From: Max L. Haner, Envir ental Chiur4w
Water Quality Secti n / ARO Subject: Comments and Recommendation
for Modification of 401 Certification
Permit Number 92395
Proposed Sediment Removal
by USFS - Lake Powhatan
French Broad River Basin
Buncombe County, North Carolina
The proposed modification to subject project as submitted by USES on
April 23, 1993, is simply for a change in the method of removing solids
from Lake Powhatan and approval of those additional measures that will
be employed to minimize downstream siltation and water quality problems.
Repair to the outlet structure must be scheduled prior to dredging
activities instead of after this work as originally proposed. Solids
will still be deposited in the same upland disposal area, but will
utilize a mechanical dredge instead of suction for their removal from
the lake. DEM initially approved this project on 9/18/92.
Those measures proposed by USFS to (1) maintain a settling pool behind
the dam to allow removal of solids prior to lake discharge, (2)
regulated the rate of discharge from the dam as much as possible, and
(3) place check dams or erosion control structures instream to diffuse
tributary flows into the lake during dredging activities are consistent
with agreements made with Forrest R. Westall of this office on or about
mid April, 1993. These measures should reasonably minimize downstream
water quality problems from this project. Therefore, it is recommended
that the proposed modification be approved and the project allowed to
proceed to completion under the original certification as requested.
Should you have questions, please advise.
In[crilwnkc Nikling, 59 Wrxxllin i'lacc Atihevil?c, NC 79801 • elmlronc 704.251-6208
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY D v
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS ? '
T ? P.O. BOX 1890
ii WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO September 28, 1992
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199203603 and Nationwide Permit No. 16 (Return Water From Upland
Contained Disposal Areas)
U.S. Forest Service
Mr. Donley M. Hill
Post Office Box 2750
Asheville, North Carolina 28802
Dear Mr. Hill:
Reference your application of July 23, 1992, for Department of the Army
authorization to hydraulically dredge approximately 80,000 cubic yards of
accumulated sediment from Lake Powhatan in the Pisgah National Forest,
Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The dredged material is to be
pumped to a 4.2 acre upland diked disposal site off of Ledford Branch Road.
Lake Powhatan is an impoundment of Bent Creek, and both are Designated Public
Mountain Trout Waters. The project has been reviewed by the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC).
For the purposes of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Regulatory Program,
Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 330.6, published in the
Federal Register on November 22, 1991, lists nationwide permits.
Authorization, pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, was provided
for return water from an upland, contained dredged material disposal area
where the quality of the return water is controlled by the State through the
Section 401 Certification procedures.
Your work is authorized by this nationwide permit provided it is
accomplished in strict accordance with the enclosed conditions, and those
recommended in the attached September 9, 1992 WRC letter. This nationwide
permit does not relieve you of the responsibility to obtain any required State
or local approval. Information regarding issuance of a Section 401 Water
Quality Certification may be obtained through John Dorney, Division of
Environmental Management, at [phone].
This verification will be valid for 2 years from the date of this letter
unless the nationwide authorization is modified, reissued, or revoked. Also,
this verification will remain valid for the 2 years if, during that period,
the nationwide permit authorization is reissued without modification or the
activity complies with any subsequent modification of the nationwide permit
authorization. If during the 2 years, the nationwide permit authorization
expires or is suspended or revoked, or is modified, such that the activity
would no longer comply with the terms and conditions of the nationwide permit,
*:4'.
-2-
activities which have commenced (i.e., are under construction) or are under
contract to commence in reliance upon the nationwide permit will remain
authorized provided the activity is completed within 12 months of the date of
the nationwide permit's expiration, modification or revocation, unless
discretionary authority has been exercised on a case-by-case basis to modify,
suspend, or revoke the authorization.
Questions or comments may be addressed to David Baker in our Asheville
Regulatory office at [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
Enclosure
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Parker
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Section
Division of Environmental Management
/North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
Mickey Clemmons
Route 1, Box 624
Waynesville, North Carolina 28786

Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 276(A
James G. Martin, Governor September 18, 1992 A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary Acting Director
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Mr. Donley M. Hill
U.S. Forest Service
Post Office Box 2750
Asheville, North Carolina 28802
Dear Mr. Hill:
Subject: Proposed discharge
disposal
Buncombe County
DEM Project # 92395
Upon review of your request for Water Quality Certification
to return water from upland dredge disposal located at Lake
Powhatan in Buncombe County, we have determined that the proposed
fill can be covered by General Water Quality Certification No.
2668 issued January 21, 1992. A copy of the General
Certification is attached. This Certification may be used in
qualifying for coverage under Corps of Engineers' Nationwide
Permit No. 16.
If you have any questions, please contact John Dorney at
919/733-1786 or 919/733-1787.
Sincerely,
ac ent
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Regional Office
Asheville DEM Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Central Files

of return water from upland diked
rest on Howard, J . P.E.
APH:JD
A4-- 4- hm
REGIONAL OFFICES
Asheville Fayetteville Mooresville Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251-6208 919/486-1541 704/663-1699 919/571-4700 919/946-6481 9 19/395 -3900 9 19/896 -7007
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

DEM ID: ACTION ID:
NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT #): 16
JOINT FORM FOR
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
WILMINGTON DISTRICT ENGINEER
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NC 28402-1890
ATTN: CESAW-CO-E
Telephone [phone]
WATER QUALITY PLANNING
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENT
NC DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRO
AND NATURAL RESOURC
P.O. BOX 29535
N RALEIGH, NC 27626-0535
ATTN: MR. JOHN DORNEY
Telephone [phone]
AGA& u U
HEALTH,
JUL 2 7 1992
UN
ONE (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE CORPS OF
ENGINEERS. SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. PLEASE PRINT.
1. OWNERS NAME: U.S. Forest Service
2. OWNERS ADDRESS: P.O. Box 2750
Asheville, NC 28802
3. OWNERS PHONE NUMBER (HOME):
(WORK): [phone]
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER: Donley M. Hill or Richard G. Burns
U.S. Forest Service, P.O. Box 2750
Asheville, NC 28802
[phone] (Hill) or [phone] (Burns)
5. LOCATION OF WORK (MUST ATTACH MAP). COUNTY: Buncombe
NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: Asheville
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.): Lake Powhatan
is located within the Bent Creek Experimental Forest, adjacent to the
Blue Ridge Parkway an Highway 191. Easiest access is from Hwy 191 near
Parkway along Forest Service Road see Attachment A, area map
6. NAME OF CLOSEST STREAM/RIVER:
7. RIVER BASIN: French Broad
Bent Creek/French Broad River
8. IS THIS PROJECT LOCATED IN A WATERSHED CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, SA, HQW, ORW,
WS I, OR WS II? YES (X) NO ( J
9. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS
PROPERTY? YES ( J NO (X)
IF YES, EXPLAIN.
10. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WATERS OF THE U.S. INCLUDING
WETLANDS, LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE: 12 acres (lake and wetlands)
6/10/92

-2-
11. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WATERS OF THE U.S., INCLUDING WETLANDS, IMPACTED BY
THE PROPOSED PROJECT:
FILLED:
DRAINED: _
FLOODED:
EXCAVATED: 11 acres
TOTAL IMPACTED: 11 acres
12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK (ATTACH PLANS): Remove, at maximum, 83,000
cubic yards of accumulated sediment from Lake Powhatan see Attachment B,
Draft Environments Assessment).
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: Improvement of aquatic habitat within Lake
Powhatan and expansion of recreations use areas in an around the a e.
14. STATE REASONS WHY THE APPLICANT BELIEVES THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE
CARRIED OUT IN WETLANDS. ALSO, NOTE MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND
IMPACTS. Wetland areas adjacent to Lake Powhatan will not be affected by
dredging activities.
YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) REGARDING THE PRESENCE
OR ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED
SPECIES-OR CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE
PROPOSED PROJECT. HAVE YOU DONE SO? YES ( ) NO (Xj See Attachment C, USFS
RESPONSES FROM THE USFWS AND/OR NMFS SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS. Biological
Evaluation
YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA WHICH
MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT?
HAVE YOU DONE SO? YES ( ) NO (X) No historic properties
RESPONSE FROM THE SHPO SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO CORPS. have been located
within the project
17. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED BY DEM: area.
A. WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, AND LAKES ON
THE PROPERTY. See Attachment A, area map.
B. IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE IMPACTED BY
PROJECT.
C. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA SHEETS
RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
D. IF A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IS REQUIRED FOR THIS PROJECT, ATTACH
COPY.
E. WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY? Recreation, Experimental Forest
F. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
_23
r
I
GNATU E DATE

U.S. Fish & Wildlife
330 Ridgefield Court
Asheville, NC 28806
[phone]
Service U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Room 75, Grove Arcade Building
37 Battery Park Ave.
Asheville, NC 28801-2714
[phone]
State Historic Preservation Office
NC Division of Archives & History
109 East Jones St
Raleigh, NC 27601
[phone]
Water Quality Planning
Division of Environmental Management
NC Dept. of Environment, Health &
Natural Resources
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
Attn: John Dorney
[phone]
Wildlife Resources Commission Fisheries Biologists
District 7 District 8 District 9
Joe Mickey Chris Goudreau Micky Clemmons
Rt 2 Box 278 Rt 6 Box 685 Rt 1 Box 624
State Road, NC 28676 Marion, NC 28752 Waynesville, NC
[phone] [phone] [phone]
Counties Counties Counties
Alleghany Avery Buncombe
Ashe Burke Cherokee
Stokes Caldwell Clay
Surry McDowell Graham
Watauga Mitchell Haywood
Wilkes Rutherford Henderson
Yancey Jackson
Macon
Madison
Polk
Swain
Transylvania
28786
Attachment A. Project Area Map
IL "N J
RXxv 11
W-VAims
0 0
C)
0
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a

Attachment B. Draft Environmental Assess-
ment and Finding of No
Significant Impact
D R A F T
USDA FOREST SERVISE
LAKE POWHATAN SEDIMENT REMOVAL PROJECT
Compartment 128
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
DECISION NOTICE AND
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
PISGAH RANGER DISTRICT
Pisgah National Forest
Buncombe County, North Carolina

I. PROPOSED ACTION AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSAL
A. Proposed Action:
The Pisgah District of a?!$, gah National Forest proposes to: (1) remove
approximately 50,000 to
,000 cubic yards of sediment from Lake Powhatan
which has accumulated in the lake over the past 30 years; (2) dispose of
this sediment at a 4.2 acre prepared site off Ledford Branch; and (3),
provide 6 to 8 d onal acres of quality fish habitat in Lake Powhatan.
This Env ronmental Assessment tiers to all applicable parts of the Final
Environmental Impact Statement for the Land and Resource Management Plan
1986-2000 for the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests.
B. Purpose and Need and Affected Environment:
Lake Powhatan is a 12 acre lake located within the 298 acre Lake Powhatan
Recreation Area adjacent to Bent Creek Experimental Forest in Buncombe
County, North Carolina (see attached map). Lake Powhatan Recreation
Area is designated as Management Area 12 in the Land and Resource
Management Plan for Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests, which
indicates this is a developed recreation area. Lake Powhatan Recreation
Area provides camping, picnicking, swimming, fishing, hiking, wildlife
viewing and scenery, and other Forest recreational activities.
Management Area direction states that developed sites will be managed to
enhance associated activities, and to do rehabilitation as necessary.
Lake Powhatan itself and a 100-foot wide zone surrounding the lake are by
definition Management Area 18 (riparian areas). The Land and Resource
Management Plan for the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests states that
riparian areas will be managed for distinctive riparian resource values
that include water-oriented recreational activities and aquatic
organisms.
Due to previous flooding and historical land use, the lake has partially
filled-in with sediment. A large part of this sediment deposition
occurred in conjunction with widespread flooding in 197J g This sediment
is essentially eroded topsoil. There are approximately"- ,000 cubic
yards of sediment in the lake.
Lake Powhatan has been used by fishermen for many years. Fish
reproduction and carrying capacity are low due to the accumulated
sediment. There is a remnant population of bluegill sunfish, possibly
large-mouthed bass and possibly minnows. The State of North Carolina
currently stocks rainbow trout and brook trout from the opening day of
trout season in April until June 1st each year.
In 1990, a barrier-free fishing pier was constructed in cooperation with
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and numerous volunteer
groups. This structure is extremely popular, and fishing use has
outgrown the existing fishery due to limited available habitat.
Increased carrying capacity might allow the establishment of populations
of bass and bluegill in addition to stocked trout, thus increasing
fishing opportunities.
The proposed action to remove the sediment from the lake would result in
an increase in fish carrying capacity and additional opportunities for
fishing.
The site chosen for disposal of the accumulated sediments is a 4.2 acre
area adjacent to Ledford Branch Road, a closed Forest road. This site is
located in Management Area 8, Bent Creek Experimental Forest. In an
experimental forest, management activities are allowed if they are
compatible with research objectives. The site chosen for sediment
disposal is a young mixed-hardwood timber stand, approximately 18 years
old that regenerated after the previous stand was killed by southern pine
beetle and the timber was salvaged. It is not a part of any experimental
studies and no studies are planned to include this area. Therefore,
sediment disposal would not interfere with any research objectives.
C. Location
Lake Powhatan is located in the Lake Powhatan Recreation Area, which is
adjacent to Bent Creek Experimental Forest, off NC 191 in Buncombe
County, North Carolina.
D. Issues, Concerns, and Opportunities
An interdisciplinary team consisting of engineers, forest hydrologist,
fisheries biologist and recreation staff met to identify potential
issues, concerns and opportunities which might be addressed during this
analysis process. Additionally, a request for input was sent out to
public agencies and various public groups and individuals who might been
interested in the project, to identify public issues, concerns and
opportunities. The following issues, concerns and opportunities were
identified:
Opportunities
1. Improve the carrying capacity for aquatic species. Effects of the
alternatives on carrying capacity is measured by the number of acres
(if any) of additional fish habitat resulting from implementing the
alternative.
2. Increase barrier-free fishing opportunities. More fish habitat and
fish in the lake means more opportunities for successful fishing.
As the amount of habitat increases, the carrying capacity increases,
and fish populations should increase from natural reproduction and
stocking. Effects of the alternatives on fishing opportunities is
proportional to the number of acres of fish habitat available.
3. Improve fish habitat in reek below
Lake Powhatan cu y migrates through
Creek, thu minishing the amount of av,
the daar' Removing the sediment fro e
onger migrate into Bent Creek d all
T
the dam. Se eta -from
and the dam into Bent
able fish habitat below
lake so that it would no
)w natural flushing actions
to wash out existing sediments and increase the amount of available
fish habitat in Bent Creek below the dam.
4. Improve diversity of habitat for wildlife by creating a wildlife
field along Ledford Branch Road. Effects of the alternatives on
wildlife habitat diversity for this project is determined by whether
or not a wildlife field is created as a result of the alternative.
5. Improve conditions for swimmers in the swimming area of Lake
Powhatan by removing sediments that are now migrating into the
swimming area.
Issues/Concerns
1. Effects on water quality in Bent Creek. Bent Creek is heavily
impacted from sediments migrating from Lake Powhatan. During the
sediment removal operation, additional sedimentation impacts may
occur temporarily along a 2-mile stretch of Bent Creek below the
dam.
2. Effects on water quality in Ledford Branch. Any alternative which
allowed sediment-containing water to flow from the disposal site
into Ledford Branch might cause temporary discoloration of the water
in Ledford Branch and some temporary loss of aquatic habitat due to
sediment deposition.
3. Visual impacts of sediment disposal area from Ledford Branch Road.
Ledford Branch Road is frequented by hikers, horseback riders and
bicyclists. It is also on the Demonstration Forest auto tours
conducted by the staff of Bent Creek Experimental Forest, so the
desired visual quality from Ledford Branch Road is high.
4. Protection of the road system in the Recreation Area from damage due
to the weight and quantity of haul loads of sediment.
5. Protection of the 2 acre wetland adjoining the lake.
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVE A - No Action.
This alternative would manage Lake Powhatan under the current
conditions. Existing sediment would remain in the lake.
ALTERNATIVE B - Sediment Removal by Dredging.
Sediment would be removed by dredging and moved by pipe to a
sediment disposal site off Ledford Branch Road. The pipe would be
routed through ditches and culverts so that traffic on Bent Creek
Road (FSR 479) and Ledford Branch Road is not impeded.
The sediment disposal site is a 4.2 acre area where timber harvest
took place in the recent past. A young mixed hardwood stand is
regenerating. The site would be cleared and temporarily terraced
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indicates a neutral or no effect; a "+" indicates a positive or
beneficial effect.
ISSUE A B C
Carrying capacity for aquatic species - + +
Fishing opportunities - + +
Fish habitat in Bent Creek 0 + +
Diversity of habitat along Ledford Branch Road 0 + +
Swimming conditions 0 + +
Short-term sedimentation in Bent Creek 0 - _
Long-term sedimentation in Bent Creek - + +
Short-term water quality in Ledford Branch 0 0 0
Short-term visual impacts on Ledford Branch Road 0 - -
Impacts on road system 0 0
Impacts to wetland area 0 0 0
Comparison of alternative by issue
1. Carrying Capacity - The carrying capacity of aquatic species would
increase proportionally to the amount of additional habitat created
as sediment is removed. Therefore, the more sediment removed, the
more the increase in carrying capacity. Alternative B would create
the most additional habitat, followed by Alternative C. Alternative
A creates no additional habitat, and habitat will continue to
decrease as sediments continue to build up. Therefore, carrying
capacity will be highest if Alternative B is implemented; followed
#by Alternative C; with Alternative A having the least carrying
capacity.
2.1 Fishing Opportunities - The opportunity for fishing success by
anglers increases as fish population increases. Increasing the
carrying capacity of a small reservoir such as Lake Powhatan should
result in an increase in the fish population proportional to the
increase in carrying capacity. Therefore, the higher the carrying
capacity, the better the fishing opportunities. Alternative B
should provide the best fishing opportunities; followed by
Alternative C. Alternative A should result in a continuing loss of
fishing opportunities.
3. Fish habitat in Bent Creek below the Lake Powhatan dam. The more
sediment that is removed from Lake Powhatan, the less sediment will
migrate into Bent Creek below the dam. If sediment migration is
curtailed, the existing sediments will eventually be flushed
downstream. As the sediments are flushed downstream, the fish
habitat will improve. Alternative B is expected to have the most
beneficial long-term effect on fish habitat in Bent Creek below the
dam, since this alternative will remove the most sediment; followed
by Alternative C which removes less sediment than B. Alternative A
removes no sediment from the lake, and will have no positive effect
on fish habitat in Bent Creek.
4. Diversity of habitat along Ledford Branch Road. Any alternative
that yalls for the creation of a wildlife field or other unique
habitat along Ledford Branch Road would increase habitat diversity
for wildlife. Both action alternatives call for the creation of a
wildlife filed at the site of the sediment disposal.
5. Swimming conditions in the Lake Powhatan swimming area. The more
sediments that remain in the lake, the greater the migration of
those sediments into thw swimming area. In the swimming area these
sediments are unpleasant underfoot. The more sediments removed, the
more improvement in swimming conditions. Alternative B is expected
to result in the greatest improvement in swimming conditions;
followed by Alternative C. Alternative A would not result in
improved swimming conditions.
6. Short-term water quality in Bent Creek. During the 3 to 6 months
while sediment removal is taking place, there may be increased
sediments in Bent Creek. Alternatives B and C, both action
alternatives, may have this effect. Alternative A, no action, will
not have this short-term effect.
7. Short-term water quality in Ledford Branch. Any alternative which
allowed for sediment-containing water to enter Ledford Branch from
the sediment disposal site might result in temporary discoloration
and sedimentation in Ledford Branch. No alternative allows
sediment-containing water to enter Ledford Branch. Therefore, all
alternatives will maintain water quality in Ledford Branch at its
present level.
8. Visual Impacts from Ledford Branch Road Ledford Branch is a closed
road used by some hikers, horseback riders, bicyclists and tour
groups. Both action alternatives would create a sediment disposal
site 100 feet from the road. A temporary access road to the
disposal site would be built off Ledford Branch road to allow
terracing to take place. Screening vegetation would remain between
Ledford Branch Road and the disposal site. Even so, it will be
obvious that some activity will be visible while the process is
underway. After the process is complete and the disposal site is
revegetated it will appear as a field or meadow.
9. Protection of the road system. Any alternative which calls for the
movement of heavy trucks over area roads could damage the road
system in the recreation area. Alternative C calls for the sediment
to be moved by truck from lakeside to the disposal site off Ledford
Branch Road, therefore this alternative could result in damage to
the road system.
10. Protection of the wetlands. Any alternative that ''calls for activity
near the wetlands located on one side of the lake could have an
effect on the wetland itself. All activities are restricted to fifty
feet from the wetland area, therefore no alternative should effect
the wetlands.
Cumulative Effects Common to All Action Alternatives (B and Q
Implementation of either action alternative of the proposed project would
result in the flushing of the excess sediments within Bent Creek into the
French Broad River. These sediments would be deposited at the mouth of Bent
Creek and in other low-flow areas such as pools and eddies. It is unlikely
that the flushing of these sediments will significantly reduce instream habitat
within the French Broad e-^---'l
Increased use of Forest Service Road 479 as a result of the opening of the
North Carolina Arboretum may increase sediments within Bent Creek below Lake
Powhatan. However, use of this road is not expected to contribute extreme
amounts of sediment that would not be flushed downstream during high flows.
Since no observable effects are expected within the principal drainage of the
project area (Bent Creek) or within the receiving stream (French Broad River),
no cumulative off-project area effects are likely for any aquatic PETS or
management indicator species. This project or increased use of Forest Service
Road 479 will not have any cumulative effects on private land downstream.
1 %
DECISION NOTICE AND FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
Based on the analysis as documents in this Environmental Assessment, it is my
decision to adopt Alternative B. This alternative would remove 51,000 cubic
yards of sediment from Lake Powhatan by dredging and pumping, and the sediment
would be deposited at t 4.2 acres site off Ledford Branch Road. Additional
acres of fish habitat would be created in Lake Powhatan, and the portion of
Bent Creek below the Lake Powhatan dam could flush its sediments, resulting is
better aquatic habitat in Bent Creek as well. Swimming conditions in the
swimming area of Lake Powhatan will also improve as sediments will no longer
migrate into the swimming area.
This alternative will remove the most sediment and result in the most
improvement of carrying capacity and fish habitat. There will be no adverse
effects to the recreation area road system, since sediments will be moved by
pumping as opposed to hauling by truck.
i
Wildlife habitat diversity along Ledford Branch Road will be increased due to
the creation of a wildlife field.
I have determined through the environmental analysis that this is not a major
federal action which will significantly effect the quality of the human
environment; therefore an Environmental Impact Statement is not needed. This
determination is based on the following:
A. There are no adverse effects on cultural resources;
B. Minimal, short-term effects on water will occur;
C. There are no adverse effects on threatened or endangered species
(proposed or listed) or sensitive species of wildlife, fish or
plants;
D. Minimal irreversible resource commitments and no irretrievable
losses of resources are expected;
E. No adverse effects on wetlands will occur;
F. No significant effects are known.
This decision is subject to administrative review (appeal) as outlined in 36
CFR 217.
District Ranger
Date
r
Attachment C. USFS Biological Evaluation
of the Proposed Project Area
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
for
LAKE POWHATAN DREDGING
PISGAH RANGER DISTRICT
PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST
PROPOSED ACTIONS
The Pisgah Ranger District, Pisgah National Forest, proposes as Alternative B,
to remove, at maximum, 83,000 cubic yards of sediment via suction dredging and
to pump it to a 4.2 acre fill site within a previously harvested unit along
Ledford Branch Road in Buncombe County, North Carolina. Upon project
completion, this fill site will be converted to a wildlife field and maintained
by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. Removal of this sediment
will greatly improve aquatic habitat within Lake Powhatan and will facilitate
aquatic habitat improvement within Bent Creek below Lake Powhatan.
SPECIES EVALUATED
Proposed, endangered, threatened, and sensitive (PETS) species considered for
this biological evaluation are included on the National Forests in North
Carolina PETS species list. This list includes all state and federally listed
PETS species.
Plants
An analysis of potential for PETS plant species occurrence within the immediate
project area and its vicinity was conducted by David M. Danley, Forest
Botanist, on June 16, 1992. The field report and analysis for this survey are
attached. Of the 76 PETS plant species known to occur in Buncombe County, all
but three were dropped from his analysis as a result of a lack of suitable
habitat. Table 1 lists the three PETS plant species that may occur in the area
based on the presence of suitable habitat. However, since the activity area is
small, Dave was able to survey most of the area to be affected. fie did not
find any PETS plant species.
TABLE 1. PETS plant species that may occur within the project area.
FEDERAL STATE
SPECIES
------------------------ HABITAT
----------------------- STATUS STATUS

Hexastylis contracta -------
Acidic forests -------------
C2 ------------
E
Spirea virginiana Riverbanks, outwash plains T E
Thermopsis fraxinifolia Dry ridges and roadsides C
------------------------ ------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Terrestrial Wildlife
The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission was contacted to initially
determine which, if any, PETS animal species occur or may occur within the
project area or its vicinity. Based upon knowledge of habitat relationships
and current PETS species element occurrence records for the area, it was
concluded that 3 PETS animal species could occur within the project area or its
vicinity. Table 2 lists these species and their status.
2
Mae Lee Hafer, General Biologist for the Pisgah Ranger District, conducted a
survey of the proposed project area on April 7, 1992. In addition, Donna
Hollingsworth, Wildlife Biologist for the Pisgah National Forest, also surveyed
the area on May 7, 1992. Field reports for these surveys are attached.
Results of these surveys located suitable habitat for three PETS animal species
within the proposed project area or its vicinity (see Table 2).
TABLE 2. PETS animal species that may occur within the proposed project area
or its vicinity.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SCIENTIFIC FEDERAL STATE
SPECIES NAME STATUS STATUS
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Eastern Cougar Felis concolor cougar E E
Gray Bat Myotis grrisescens E E
Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerula C2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aquatic Wildlife
Sheryl Bryan, Fisheries Biologist, Mae Lee Hafer, General Biologist, and
Richard Burns, Hydrologist, conducted fisheries surveys on Bent Creek below
Lake Powhatan on February 28, 1992. Surveys were not conducted on Ledford
Branch above Lake Powhatan because there is no topographical feature within thE.,
area that would isolate a fish community. After consultation with other
fisheries biologists and NCWRC fisheries records, Sheryl determined that the
fish community sampled in Bent Creek is representative of the area, the one
exception being that brown and rainbow trout are present above the lake
(hatchery-reared fish). No trout were taken in Bent Creek below the lake.
No aquatic PETS were sampled during the fish surveys, nor was suitable habitat
noted within the project area.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS
Based on available habitat information and field survey results, there will be
no negative effects on any PETS species as a result of implementation of this
project. In fact, aquatic habitat within Lake Powhatan and Bent Creek below
the dam will be greatly improved. A grassed opening will be created at the
disposal site for terrestrial wildlife.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECT
This project will have no negative effects on any species that are federally-
listed or proposed for listing. Implementation of this project will not
adversely affect and sensitive, state-listed, or forest-listed species.
Consultation with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service is not required.
PREPARED BY:
- DATE: -7 /Z4 2.
gkr'??
Sheryl A. Bryan
Fisheries Biologist
i?
PREPARED-- Y : DATE:
onna H ingsworth
life Biologist
REVIEWED BY: .? DATE: Z Z
Donley M. Hill
Fisheries Program Manager
REVIEWED BY: n cko . , E- + DATE: I a?? a
Lauren Hillman
Wildlife Program Manager
REVIEWED BY ,S;- " .? DATE: 72
Steve Simon
Botany-,,Program Manager
ACCEP D A- ?~ DATE : `,?2 2
Ron F. scano
Staf Officer, Ecosystem Managemen S
er ices
BOTANICAL ANALYSIS (PETS PLANTS)
NATIONAL FORESTS IN NORTH CAROLINA
PISGAH RANGER DISTRICT
Lake Powhatan Dredge Disposal Site
Introduction
This report documents the findings of a Botanical Analysis (BOTA) of a proposed
dredge disposal area, temporary road construction and improvements to existing
roads within the Lake Powhatan Project Area. The proposed alternatives were
reviewed and the potential effects on proposed, endangered, threatened, and
sensitive (PETS) plant species were evaluated.
Potential direct and indirect effects to PETS plant species were analyzed in
the areas where the dredge disposal is proposed to be placed. This area is
referred to as the activity area.
Most of the existing vegetation is expected to be eliminated in the area were
the dredge material is placed.
METHODS
Potentially affected species were identified after (1) reviewing the list of
PETS plant species of the Pisgah and Nantahala National Forest and their
habitat preferences; (2) consulting element occurrence records of PETS plants
as maintained by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (3)consulting with
individuals both in the private and pubic sector who are knowledgeable about
the area and its flora;and (4) conducting field surveys in areas designated for
ground disturbing activities. The approximate reconnaissance route(s) of
sampling were recorded on the attached map.
The following summarizes field survey dates and those persons involved in
suitable habitat and PETS plants species searches
Units Dates Examiners
All Area 16 June 1992 D. Danley, M. Wikle
RESULTS
Of the total of 76 PETS species known to occur in Buncombe Co., all but 3
species were dropped from the list for further consideration and discussion for
one or more of the following reasons: 1) Lack of suitable habitat for the
species in the project area, or 2) the species has a well known distribution
that does not include the project area or 3)based on field surveys of potential
suitable habitat in areas to be impacted none were seen. Habitats and ranges of
PETS species are derived from: information in Classification of the Natural
Plant Communities of North Carolina, Natural Heritage Program List of Bare
Plants of North Carolina or personal communication with other knowledgeable
botanists.
Powhatan BOTA 2
Not every square meter of ground was surveyed and some species may have been
overlooked; however,the survey was done so that species would not have been
missed due to phenology. All recommendations given are based on the best
information available and are consistent with the present state of knowledge
for PETS plant species on the Pisgah Natidnal Forest. Species known to occur
or are likely to occur within the project area are shown in Table 1. No PETS
plant species were found during the survey. An element occurrence of Hexastylis
contracts is known from Bent Creek about 1 mile east of project area.
The current vegetation on the activity site is young regeneration of Oalc
approx. 20-30 years old with some White Pine plantation. The site is south
facing and poor soils. Large old eroding gullies were noted on the slope. The
understory is very sparse under Pine and only slightly richer in the Oak
regeneration areas. The dominate shrub in the midstory canopy is Vaccinium.
DTRC.TTgRTnN
This discussion describes potential effects on PETS plant species and habitat
from the proposed activity within the project area. Based upon habitat and
known element occurrence information 3 PETS species could occur in the project
area, although none were found in the activity area during the botanical
survey. The small size of the project allowed an intensive of plant species in
the activity area. Due to the nature of the project, it is expected that the
dumping of silt sludge will eliminate much of the current vegetation from the
site. The silt substrate should allow revegetation to occur in an unknown
successional pattern.
Recommendations to lessen potential effects on PETS plant species: No special
action or modification of proposal is recommended to mitigate the effects on
PETS plant species or their habitat.
SUMMARY
The proposed project will have no effect on any proposed or listed Federal
endangered or threatened plant species, nor will this project effect any PETS
plant species.
Prepared by: David M. Danley, Forest Botanist
RF.FRRF.NCF.S
Radford, Albert E., et. al. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the
Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina.
Schafale, M. P. and Alan Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural
Communities of North Carolina: Third Approx
Heritage Program, Raleigh, North Carolina.
imation. North Caroliiii Natural
-w b
Powhatan BOTA 3
U.S.F.S. 1991. List of Proposed, Endangered, Threatened, Sensitive (PETS), and
forested-Listed Plant Species of the National Forests in North Carolina_
(NFsNC) and Watch List of Potential PETS Species. Unpublished.
Weakley, Allen S. 1991. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Plants of
North Carolina and North Carolina Watch List. North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Wofford, B. Eugene. 1989. Guild to the Vascular Plants of the Blue_ Ridge.
University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.
SPECIES
Hexastylis contracta
Spiraea virginiana
Thermopsis fraxinifolia
HABITAT
Acidic For.
Riverbanks, outwash plains
Dry ridge, Dry roadsides
STATUS
Fed. State NC.
C2 E S1
T E S1
C S2
WILDLIFE ANALYSIS (PETS WILDLIFE)
NATIONAL FORESTS IN NORTH CAROLINA
PISGAH RANGER DISTRICT
LAKE POWHATAN DREDGING
INTRODUCTION
This report documents the findings of a Wildlife Analysis for the proposed
dredging of Lake Powhatan (approximately 12 acres) and placing the spoil into at
maximum a 5 acre area near Ledford Branch, all located in Buncombe County. Lake
Powhatan and a 100 ft. buffer around the lake are located in Management Area 18,
which is located inside the Lake Powhatan Recreation Area (Management Area 12),
which is located within the confines of Bent Creek Experimental Forest
(Management Area 8).
METHODS
Potentially affected species were identified after (1) reviewing the list of
PETS wildlife species of the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests and their
habitat relationships; (2) consulting records of PETS wildlife element
occurrences as maintained by the 1Iorth Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC); (3) consulting with individuals both in the private and public sector
who are knowledgeable about the area and its fauna; and (4) conducting field
surveys in all areas designated for ground disturbing activities as well as
surrounding locations.
On April 7, 1992; Mae Lee Hafer, General Biologist for the Pisgah Ranger
District, conducted a survey of the proposed project area. On May 7, 1992;
Donna Hollingsworth, Shared Services Biologist for the Pisgah National Forest
also conducted a field survey of the proposed project area (see attached
reports). No PETS wildlife species were observed during the field surveys.
RESULTS
A total of 26 PETS wildlife species were originally considered to have a
probability of occurring in the project area. Twenty-three species were dropped
from further consideration and discussion based on one or more of the following
reasons: (1) lack of suitable habitat for the species within the project area,
or (2) the species has a well-known distribution that does not include the
project area, and it is highly improbable that the range currently extends into
the project area even with additional surveys. Three species may occur even
though they were not seen during the field surveys. These species include:
Eastern Cougar (Felis concolor cougar), Gray Bat (Myot.is grisescens), and
Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) [see attached field reports]. The
information upon which these decisions are based are found in one or a
combination of the following sources: (1) Scientific Council Reports on Birds,
Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, and Mollusks for North Carolina; (2) personal
communication with biological experts, or (3) personal expertise gained by
working with these species elsewhere on the Forest or across their range. Field
surveys were done to determine potential habitat relationships and probability
of occurrence. The evaluations and conclusions in this analysis are based on
the best available information and are consistent with the present state of
knowledge for PETS wildlife species on the Nantahala and Pisgah National
Forests.
Wildlife Analysis for Lake Powhatan Dredging Page 2
nrgrngq,rnm
Common Effects on PETS Wildlife Species or Their Habitats
Due to the limited small tree removal, no negative effects are expected from
this project.
Felis concolor cougar - Eastern Cougar is a large carnivore that is wide-ranging
and uses a wide variety of habitats supporting an adequate prey base of deer,
small mammals, etc. It is currently under Federal Status as Endangered. Up to
5 acres of young (10-15 years) mixed pine and hardwoods will be cut to create an
area in which to place the dredging fill. Upon completion of the project, it is
planned to convert this area to a wildlife meadow. This could actually increase
the cougar's prey base, as deer and small mammals utilize early successional
stages of growth.
Myoti.s grisescens - Gray Bat is a small mammal that is found in forested areas
often near rivers and especially in caves. It is currently under Federal Status
as Endangered. The bat would not use young tree growth for roosting or breeding
areas, therefore cutting the regeneration area would have no effect on the bat's
present habitat.
Dendroica cerulea - Cerulean Warbler is a blue and white warbler that is found
in high treetops in open woodlands, often near rivers and streams. It is
currently under Federal Review Status Category C2. Since this bird is a species
that utilizes more mature trees and the area of disturbance is already in an
early successional stage, there will be no loss of habitat by cutting the
present young stand and later converting to a•woodland meadow.
Management Indicator Species Effects
Procyon lotor - Raccoon is a medium-sized omnivore that is wide-spread across
the United States. It is most abundantly found in association with water. It
is an emphasis species for Management Area 18 (the area including the lake).
Since the project will enhance the quality of the habitat in and around the
lake, there will be no adverse effects of the project in the long term. There
will be temporary loss of habitat during the actual dredging operation, but this
will only be for a short period of time, and the wetlands area and streams will
not be affected.
Dryocopus pileatus - Pileated Woodpecker is a large woodpecker that is
wide-spread across the eastern United States. It is an emphasis species for
Management Area 18 along with the raccoon. Since the project will involve
cutting only young trees, there will be no change in habitat for the Pileated
Woodpecker.

Wildlife Analysis for Lake Powhatan Dredging Page 3
SUMMARY
The proposed activities associated with the lake dredging will have no effect on
any Federal candidate species. The project will not adversely affect the
Eastern Cougar, Gray Bat, and Cerulean Warbler. The potential habitat will
remain the same for the Gray Bat and Cerulean Warbler and possibly increase for
the Eastern Cougar (by creating good habitat for its prey base).
PERSONS CONTACTED
Sheryl Bryan, Shared Services Fisheries Biologist for Pisgah National Forest
Ruth Berner, Acting Outdoor Recreation Planner for Pisgah Ranger District
Randy Porterfield, NCWRC
PREPARED BY:
MAE LEE A. HAFER
General. Biologist for Pisgah Ranger District
July 20, 1992
V
Wildlife Analysis for Lake Powhatan Dredging
RRFR.RRNCRR
Page 4
Behler, J.L. 1988. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles
and Amphibians. Knopf Publishing. New York. New York.
Boynton, Allen. Mountain Project Leader. NC Wildlife Resources Commission.
Personal Communications. 1992.
Bull, J.; Farrand, J.Jr. 1988. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American
Bird: Eastern Region. Knopf Publishing. New York. New York.
Cooper, J.E.; Robinson, S.S.; Funderburg, J.B. 1977 Endangered and Threatened
Plants and Animals of North Carolina. North Carolina State Museum of Natural
History. Raleigh. North Carolina.
Martof, B.S.; Palmer, W.M.; Bailey, J.R.; Harrison, J.R.III. 1980. Amphibians
and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. University of North Carolina Press.
Chapel Hill. North Carolina.
Pyle, R.M. 1986. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies.
Knopf Publishing. New York. New York.
Smith, A.B. unk. Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Requirements of Six Sorex
Shrews in the North Carolina Mountains. 7 pp.
The Scientific Council on Birds. 1989. Endangered, Threatened, and Rare Fauna of
North Carolina: Part III. A Re-evaluation of the Birds. Pg. 26-80.
Webster, D.W. 1989. The Natural History of Two Rare Mammals (Rock Shrew, Sorex
dispar, and Rock Vole, Microtus chrotorrhinus)'in North Carolina. Pg 1-13.
Whitaker, J.O.Jr. 1988. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American
Mammals. Knopf Publishing. New York. New York.
APPENDIX 1
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Reply to: 2630
Forest Pisgah
Service Ranger District
Date: April 10, 1992
Subject: Lake Powhatan Dredging
To: Don Palmer, Outdoor Recreation Planner
On April 7, 1992, I did a field review of the proposed site on Ledford Branch
for the disposal of the Lake Powhatan dredging fill. This site is located in
Buncombe County in Compartment 128, Management Area 8 in Bent Creek Experimental
Forest.
During the field survey, I traversed about 15 acres of an old clearcut
(approximately 10-15 years old), of which only about 5-6 acres will be cleared
for deposit of the dredging fill.
Overstory in this area is white and Virginia pines. The midstory component
consists of oaks, poplars, maples, white pines, holly, Mt. Laurel, and
buckberry. Ground species include grasses, christmas fern, mosses, and club
mosses.
Wildlife presently utilizing the area include deer, songbirds and crows. The
Eastern cougar, Cerulean warbler, gray bat, and bog turtle are potential PETS
species in this area, but no wildlife PETS species were seen at the time of the
survey. This site has already been highly disturbed since it is part of the
Bent Creek Experimental Forest. Plans are to convert the dredging fill area
into a Woodland Meadow the following year after the Lake Powhatan dredgtng
project has been completed.
On this same day, I also surveyed the wetland area on the western side of Lake
Powhatan. This area is a very diverse habitat containing Alders, various
aquatic vegetation and abundant wildlife including frogs, newts, crayfish,
songbirds and beaver. I recommend that the integrity of this unique ecosystem
be maintained as much as possible during the dredging project. I suggest
dredging activity to begin about 50 feet beyond the peninsulas of vegetation on
that side of the lake.
If you have any comments or questions, please contact me.
/s/ Mae Lee A. Hafer
MAE LEE A. HAFER
General Biologist, Pisgah Ranger District
cc: Donna Hollingsworth, Shared Services Biologist
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APPENDIX 2
WILDLIFE EFFECTS ANALYSIS PROCESS CHECKLIST
MAY 7, 1992
Project Name: Lake Powhatan Dredging
Compartments/Watersheds: Bent Creek
Required Analysis Area: Management Area 8
Community Types and Seral Stages:
Comm. Type Age Class Acres
0-10
11-4o
4o-8o
8o+
Comm. Type Age Class Acres
0-10
11-4o
4o-8o
80+
Comm. Type Age Class Acres
0-10
1.1-4o
4o-8o
80+
Special Habitats:
ial Habitat
Comm. Type Age Class Acres
0-10
11-4o
4o-8o
80+
Comm. Type Age Class Acres
0-10
11-4o
4o-8o
80+
Comm. Type Age Class Acres
Lake
Riparian _
Old Growth
Early Successional 0-10
Early Successional 10-20
Yellow Pine Mid-succ. Comm.
(low elevation shortleaf/Virginia pine)
Soft Mast Producting Species: American Holly
Hard Mast Producing Species
(>40 years old) Mixed Oak
Mixed Pine/Hardwood Forest Types
Permanent Grass/Forb Openings
(Woodland Savannahs)
Contiguous Areas with Low Disturbance Levels
(< 1 mile open motorized travelway/4 sq. mile) 0.2
Contiguous Areas with Moderate Disturbance Levels
(< 1 mile open motorized travelway/2 sq. mile)
Snags and Dens within Forest Community Types
Very Large Snags and Dens
Large Snags and Dens
Moderate-sized Snags and Dens Yes
Small Snags and Dens Yes--
Snags and Dens with Forest Openings
Very Large Snags and Dens_
Small Snags and Dens
Downed Woody Debris - All Sizes
Large, Contiguous Forest Patches
Size Based Upon Analyis MIS
0-10
11-4o
4o-8o
80+
Acres Frequen
14 i
3 _-_i
Honeysuckle, Bittersweet
and PETS Species 56 acres
4 L
WILDLIFE EFFECTS ANALYSIS PROCESS CHECKLIST
Other Limiting Habitats:
Description Acres
Reed 1
Alder 2
Applicable Forest-level MIS:
MIS Habitat Relationship
None Applicable for Management Area
Additional Project-level MIS:
MIS Habitat Relationships
Beaver Riparian
White-tailed Deer Early Successional
2
Frequency (Number of Sites)
Observations
Observations
1 _
1
PETS Species:
PETS Species Habitat Relationships _ Observations
Cerulean Warbler Mature Oaks None
Diana Fritillary Rhododendron/violet understory None due to time
Additional Species Observed:
Species Habitat Relationships Observations
Oppossum tracks
Red-spotted Newts 5 individuals
Tufted Titmouse 2
White-crowned Sparrow 1 _
Carolina Chickadees "
Tree Frog
Dog _ tracks_
Gray Squirrel 1 individual
Fox scat
Raccoon tracks _
Cardinal 1 individual
Pileated Woodpecker 1 individual
Kingfisher 1
White-breasted Nuthatch 1
Bullfrog tadpoles several -
Map of Field Survey Routes, Observation Points, Travel Routes (Vehicle & Foot)
(Attachment) circled lake from south going north on-foot
Aerial Photograph Numbers and Quads Used in Analysis:Durismore Mtn. & Skyland
Attach Copies for Biologists' Records
COMPATS, GIS Products, Other Analysis Tools and Products (Attachments)
WILDLIFE EFFECTS ANALYSIS PROCESS CHECKLIST
Notes on Direct Effects Analysis:
Potential destruction of Beaver habitat if dredging is done beyond vegetation
line on the northern end of the lake.
Benefit White-tailed Deer habitat if sludge is used to create a wildlife meadow
within the area.
Notes on Indirect Effects Analysis:
Benefical effects for Kingfisher, Newts, & Fr.? if' project is done by rehabin-g
lake area to provide open water for continued use of the area by the above
species.
Continued degradation of riparian habitat for several riparian species if lake_
is allowed to fill in.
Notes on Cumulative Effects Analysis: _
Temporary seasonal disturbance from existing campground and swimmers utilizing
the lake.
Notes on Objectives, Standards, Guides, Recommendations, Implementation Meas.:
Protect existing riparian (Beaver) habitat on the north end of the lake_ by not
dredging beyond the vegetational line of reeds bordering the alder area.
f ?
AQUATIC RESOURCE ANALYSIS (AQUA)
NATIONAL FORESTS IN NORTH CAROLINA
PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST
RANGER DISTRICT: Pisgah
PROJECT: Lake Powhatan Dredging
Buncombe County, North Carolina
INTRODUCTION
This reports documents the findings of an aquatic resource analysis (AQUA) of
the proposed dredging of Lake Powhatan located in Buncombe County, North
Carolina. This report describes biological, chemical, and physical
characteristics of the involved aquatic resources and predicts effects of the
proposed project on these resources. The proposed project was analyzed to
determine effects on aquatic communities and aquatic proposed, endangered,
threatened, and sensitive (PETS) species and management indicator species (MIS)
resulting from a changed hydrological regime associated with project
implementation. This analysis also addresses cumulative effects of project
implementation as they apply to both public and private lands.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Information for this analysis was collected in three ways. First, fisheries
surveys were conducted on Bent Creek on February 28, 1992 by U.S. Forest
Service personnel (Sheryl Bryan, Mae Lee Hafer, and Richard Burns) below the
Lake Powhatan dam (the area which will be affected by project implementation).
Second, additional information on the proposed project area specifically
addressing aquatic PETS and MIS was obtained from NCWRC biologists. And third,
hydrological information was provided by Richard Burns, USFS Hydrologist.
AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
Two streams, Bent Creek and Ledford Branch, are within the proposed project
area. Ledford Branch flows into Bent Creek below Lake Powhatan. Bent Creek
flows out of Lake Powhatan into the French Broad River. Lower reaches of Bent
Creek below Lake Powhatan may be affected by disposal of dredged material,
primarily through the release of muddy water over and through the dam during
the dredging process. After dredging is completed, flushing actions within
Bent Creek may deposit sediments in low-flow areas of the French Broad River
near Bent Creek. Habitat within Lake Powhatan will be improved upon dredging
by expanding existing suitable areas and creating new areas of suitable aquatic
habitat.
Stream Channel and Instream Habitat: Bent Creek is currently suffering from
extremely high levels of sedimentation. Some of this sediment reaches Bent
Creek as a result of heavy seasonal use of Forest Service Road 479; however,
most of the sediment enters Lake Powhatan from upstream sources and reaches
Bent Creek via the Lake Powhatan dam (over and through the structure). One
aggravation of current sedimentation rates is the fluctuating lake water level,
resulting from annual draw-downs. Beneath the sedimentation, substrate
consists primarily of boulders and large cobble, with bedrock outcrops
occurring often. The channel bottom also contains some sand and small gravel
deposits.
Lake Powhatan AQUA 2
Instream habitat was assessed as poor in Bent Creek. This is largely due to
habitat loss as a result of excess sedimentation. In addition to the substrate
description above, large woody debris (LWD) contributes significantly to
aquatic habitat quality. The relative abundance of pools enhances fisheries
habitat somewhat. However, neither of these characteristics can compensate for
the loss of interstitial habitat by excess sedimentation.
Stream channel characteristics and instream habitat within Ledford Branch are
not significantly different from Bent Creek. Therefore, no further description
is necessary.
Hydrology and Basic Water Chemistry: Basic water chemistry indicated
conditions suitable for coolwater fisheries below the Lake Powhatan Dam. Bent
Creek is a hatchery- supported (trout) system above the dam (including Lake
Powhatan), and brown trout survival has been documented below the dam. It is
highly unlikely that wild trout populations could survive year-round below Lake
Powhatan as a result of higher annual water temperatures and the warmwater
influences of the French Broad River. At the time of the fisheries surveys,
water temperature averaged 100C (500F). pH averaged 7.0 (neutral), and
alkalinity (the stream's natural ability to adjust to changes in pH) averaged
20.4 mg/L CaCO Low total alkalinity is characteristic of southern
Appalachian Mountain waters, making streams susceptible to changes in pli as a
result of acid precipitation or acid soil leaching.
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY
Fisheries surveys were conducted on February 28, 1992 to assess aquatic
community structure and to document the presence or absence of aquatic PETS and
management indicator species. Eleven fish species were sampled. Table 1 lists
these species.
TABLE 1. Fish species sampled during recent surveys by
U.S. Forest Service personnel.
------------------------------------------------------
SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME
Rock Bass Ambloplites rupestris
Redbreast Sunfish Lepomis auritus
Warpaint Shiner Notropis coccogenis
Whitetail Shiner Notropis galacturus
Blacknose Dace Rhinichthys atratulus
River Chub Nocomis_ micropogon
Central Stoneroller Campostoma anomal.um
Fantail Darter Etheostoma flabellare
Mountain Brook Lamprey Ichthyomyzon greeleyi
Northern Hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans
Flat Bullhead Ictalurus platycephalus
------------------------ ------------------------------
PETS Species: Nine aquatic PETS species were listed by the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) and the North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program (NCNHP) as occurring in Buncombe County (see `fable 2). The American
brook lamprey was included on this list since there was an a priori knowledge
that an unidentified lamprey species exists in Bent Creek. All of these
species were dropped from the list for analysis as a result of a likelihood of
f .
Lake Powhatan AQUA 3
occurrence evaluation based on habitat elements and field surveys which
resulted in a rating of "not likely to affect" (see Table 3).
TABLE 2. Aquatic PETS known to occur in Buncombe County, as listed by the
NCWRC and NCNHP.
-------------------------
--------------------
--------- ---------
Federal ----------
State
Species
------------------------- Scientific Name
------------ Status Status

Appalachian Elktoe -----------------
Alasmidonta raveneliana ---------
C2 ----------
E
Wavy-rayed Lampmussel Lampsilis fasciola SC
Mountain Creekshell * Villosa vanuxemansis T
American Brook Lamprey Lampetra appendix T
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis C2 SC
Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus SC
Paddlefish Polydon spathula C2 E
Blotchside Logperch Percina burtoni E
Longhead Darter Percina macrocephala C2 SC
*------------------------- ---------------------------- --------- ----------
Not known to occur in Buncombe County; however, there was a priori
knowledge that a lamprey species exists in Bent Creek. This species was
unidentified until the February 28, 1992 surveys.
Management Indicator Species: Three fish species serve as management
indicators for coolwater streams, including smallmouth bass (Micropterus
dolomieui), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and various species of
redhorse sucker (Moxostoma spp.). Also, the effects of proposed projects on
coolwater fish communities is addressed by assessing aquatic community health
(i.e. calculation of an index of biotic integrity (IBI)). As a result of heavy
sedimentation, available habitat was reduced within Bent Creek. Consequently,
the number of species sampled in Bent Creek was low. It is likely that the
aquatic carrying capacity has been drastically reduced by the excess sediment
below the Lake Powhatan dam. However, there is still enough habitat diversity
to support a stable (although reduced) aquatic community. Macroinvertebrate
diversity appeared high. Overall, the heavy sedimentation of Bent Creek has
resulted in a decrease in species and individual. numbers.
DISCUSSION
Please refer to the Environmental Analysis for a detailed description of each
alternative. Impacts of the proposed project on the aquatic species will be
analyzed collectively since the aquatic community represented is one sensitive
to changes in water quality, especially sedimentation. Effects on individual
species will be addressed in cases where one or more species will be affected
differently by the proposed actions.
Since no aquatic PETS species or individual MIS were documented during recent
surveys of Bent Creek, potential effects of the proposed project on coolwater
community structure will be analyzed in this report.
Hydrological (physical and chemical) effects of each alternative will be
discussed first since biological effects are a function of physical and
chemical changes in the resource.

Lake Powhatan AQUA
TABLE 3. Habitat descriptions and likelihood of occurrence of aquatic PETS
within project area.
----------------------------------------------
-------------- -----------------
Likelihood of
Species Habitat Occurrence
------------------------
Appalachian Elktoe ------------------------------------
Primarily unknown, fresh dead shells -----
NOT ------------
LIKELYI'S
found in gravel and cobble in
Little Tennessee River.

Wavy-rayed Lampmussel
Primarily unknown, rivers and creeks
NOT 5*
LIKELY
I'

M
i over coarse sand and gravel. 5*
I'
ounta
n Creekshell All sizes of rivers, streams, and NOT LIKELY
creeks; Hiwassee and French
Broad River systems.
American Brook Lamprey Prefers small brooks and rivers NOT LIKELYI
with low to moderate gradient.
Ammocetes found in slow areas with
silt/mud substrate. Adults occur
in swifter areas with sand/gravel
substrate.
Hellbender Large, clear, fast-flowing streams NOT
I'S
LIKELY
with large, flat rocks.

Mudpuppy
Same as hellbender.
NOT 5
LIKELY

Paddlefish
Slow moving waters of large rivers.
NOT 1 5
LIKELY'
Typically in pools >4 feet deep.
Blotchside Logperch Medium-sized warm, usually clear NOT LIKELYI'S
streams of moderate gradient,
where it occupies riffles, runs,
and pools with gravel to boulder
bottoms lacking siltation.

Longhead Darter
Flowing pools, especially near
NOT 1,5

I'
LIKELY
riffles. Thought to be extirpated
from NC. Single sample taken over
50 years ago from French Broad
River, Buncombe County.
----------------------
2 Recent site survey data ----------------- -- ------------------
(<5 years old) ?No suitable habitat ex -------------
ists
Historical site records (>5 years old) Outside known (rec orde d)
,Vicinity records (NCWRC , NCNHP) range by signifi cant distance
/
*Suitable habitat exists , but no records
No mussels (alive or de ad) were seen during recent surveys.
Direct and Indirect Effects Common to All Action Alternatives (B and C)
4
There are three areas within the proposed project area that could be affected
by implementation of either action alternative: Bent. Creek below the Lake
Powhatan dam, Ledford Branch adjacent to the disposal. site, and Lake Powhatan
itself. Since the proposed disposal site is very flat and not within the
floodplain or riparian area associated with Ledford Branch, it is highly
unlikely that sediment disposal will affect this creek or lower reaches of Bent
Creek. Effects of the proposed project on Lake Powhatan will be positive, in
that aquatic habitat will be improved within the lake.
In particular, there are two conditions (listed below) that have the potential
to inflict short-term negative effects on Bent Creek and Ledford Branch.
A ` . i
Lake Powhatan AQUA
However, several recommendations will be made to insure that viability of
aquatic populations within Bent Creek and Ledford Branch is not threatened
(i.e. reduced to unrecoverable levels) as a result of implementation of either
action alternative.
1. Release of muddy water over and through the dam into Bent Creek during
the dredging process, and
2. Escape of dredged material into Ledford Branch during the disposal
process.
Long-term effects of project implementation on aquatic resources will be
positive, as discussed below.
5
Water yield and timing of flows: Water yield and timing of flows in Bent Creek
would not be affected by either action alternative since part of the function
of the dam is to regulate downstream flows. A "normal" hydrological regime
will continue; however, it will be beneficial in that excess sediments will be
removed from the system through natural flushing actions. Little new sediment
will be introduced via Lake Powhatan after project completion.
Secondary production in Bent Creek (i.e. Fish, invertebrates, etc.) will likely
increase after project implementation as excess sediment is flushed downstream,
thereby improving instream habitat. Also, release of cooler water resulting
from the proposed dam repairs will improve stream conditions for coldwater
species such as trout. It can be assumed that both species number and biomass
will increase as instream habitat improves.
Peak flows: Peak storm flows for annual storms or smaller storms will riot be
affected by either action alternative. However, these higher flows will flush
excess sediments quicker than the "normal" hydrological regime.
Scouring actions associated with elevated flows will improve aquatic habitat by
removing excess sediment and exposing valuable instream cover provided by
existing buried boulders, cobble, and bedrock.
Riparian areas: Riparian areas along the affected streams (Bent Creek below
the dam and Ledford Branch at the disposal site) will riot be affected by
implementation of the proposed project.
Water Quality: Chemical water quality in Bent Creek will improve upon project
implementation. Sediment input will be greatly reduced which will not only
facilitate aquatic habitat improvement, but also positively affect stream
characteristics such as reduced total dissolved solids (a component of
turbidity) and dissolved oxygen (via increased streambottom roughness which
will increase turbulence). Another parameter which will be improved will be
water temperature (i.e. mean water temperature may be slightly reduced as a
result of the release of cooler water through the dam). These changes in water
quality will inevitably lead to an improved aquatic resource by increasing
available habitat and providing suitable water temperatures for coldwater fish
species.

Lake Powhatan AQUA
Recommendations for Reducing Potential Effects of All Action Alternatives (B
---- -- - -
and C)
There will inevitably be some release of muddy water into Bent Creek and Lake
Powhatan during project implementation. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit
#401 will be issued to the Forest Service, which allows for minor deviations
from state water quality regulations during project implementation. Aquatic
resources within the proposed project area will be inspected during project
implementation by a fisheries biologist or hydrologist to insure that
regulations are being met and that muddy release does not pose any threat to
aquatic population viability. There is also a chance that disposed materials
could enter Ledford Branch should control structures fail.
6
In addition to water quality standards that will protect Lake Powhatan and Bent
Creek , the following recommendations should be followed to insure that no
negative impacts occur within Ledford Branch as a result of sediment disposal:
1. No deposition of sediment within the floodplain or riparian area along
Ledford Branch. The Forest Hydrologist will determine where the
floodplain is located. This reduces the risk of sediment entering
Bent Creek and the French Broad River during high flows,
2. Placement of silt fences or other retaining structures around the
perimeter of the disposal site during disposal. This reduces the risk
of sediments entering Bent Creek or the French Broad River during
disposal, and
3. Implementation of strict erosion control measures after disposal,
including vegetation of the disposed sediments as soon as possible.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Alternative A (No Action)
Alternative A, the "no action" alternative, would allow present conditions to
continue. Currently, Bent Creek receives excess sediments from Lake Powhatan
which have changed the hydrological regime and greatly reduced instream aquatic_
habitat. This is reflected in a suppressed fish community. Implementation of
Alternative A would likely result in the continued degradation of aquatic
habitats and populations.
There would be no change in Ledford Branch as a result of implementation of
Alternative A.
Cumulative Effects Common to All Action Alternatives (B and C)
Implementation of either action alternative of the proposed project would
result in the flushing of the excess sediments within Bent Creek into the
French Broad River. These sediments would be deposited at the mouth of Bent
Creek and in other low-flow areas such as pools and eddj(?s. It i<; unlikely
that the flushing of these sediments will significantly reduce instream habitit
within the French Broad River.
Increased use of Forest Service Road 479 as a result of the opening of the
North Carolina Arboretum may increase sediments within Bent Creek below Lake
Powhatan. However, use of this road is not expected to contribute extreme
amounts of sediment that would not be flushed downstream during high flows.

Lake Powhatan AQUA 7
Since no observable effects are expected within the principal drainage of the
project area (Bent Creek) or within the receiving strecim (French Broad River),
no cumulative off-project area effects are likely for any aquatic PETS or
management indicator species. This project or iricrerised use of Forest Service
Road 479 will not have any cumulating effects on private land downstream.
SUMMARY
Proposed activities associated with this project will have no adverse effect on
aquatic PETS or management indicator species. But rather, implementation of
either action alternative will result in some very beneficial effects on
aquatic resources within Bent Creek and especially Lake Powhatan. Alternative
B is the preferred alternative since it poses no threat to the campground and
associated road system and improves instream habitat, within Bent Creek and Lake
Powhatan.
RF.FF.RRNrRq
Bonner, W.R. 1983. Survey and classification of state-managed trout streams:
district 9. Mountain Fisheries Investigations Federal Aid in Fish
Restoration Project F24-S. 313 pages.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison, III. 1980.
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. University of
North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 264 pages.
Menhinick, E.F. 1991. Freshwater Fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission Publication, Raleigh, North Carolina.
227 pages.
PERSONS CONTACTED
Donley Hill, USFS Forest Fisheries Biologist, '
Richard Burns, USFS Forest Hydrologist
Micky Clemmons, NCWRC District 9 Fisheries Biologist
PREPARED BY
Sheryl A. Bryan
Fisheries Biologist
Pisgah National Forest
May 4, 1992

United States Forest Toecane Ranger 19-E By-Pass
Department of Service District P.O. Box 128
Agriculture Burnsville, NC 28714
Reply to: 2630 Date: March 2, 1992
Subject: Arboretum Road along Bent Creek
To: Rich Owings, NC Arboretum
Ron Lance, NC Arboretum
On February 28, 1992, Mae Lee Hafer, Richard Burns, David Burns, and I
conducted fisheries surveys of Bent Creek along a proposed road that will serve
the North Carolina Arboretum. The existing road will bc? upgraded and widened
to provide for two-way traffic. The lower portion of the road will be upgraded
but remain one lane. A new lane will be constructed on the opposite side of
Bent Creek to allow for two-way traffic. This new addition is proposed to
cross Bent Creek in two places. Three fish samples were taken within Bent
Creek from its confluence with the French Broad River upstream to the Lake
Powhatan dam. The uppermost site (immediately below the dam) proved not useful
to this project; therefore, only data from the two lower sites will be
analyzed.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
Bent Creek is a third order tributary to the French Broad River near the City
of Asheville. It originates within the Bent Creek Experimental Forest near
Cold Knob. It is fed by several first- and second-order tributaries before it
reaches Lake Powhatan. Bent Creek continues downstream from Lake Powhatan,
where it is again fed by several first- and second-order tributaries. Bent
Creek empties into the French Broad River after it passes under the Blue Ridge
Parkway. It is this lower portion of Bent Creek (from Lake Powhatan
downstream) that will be addressed in this report.
Aquatic habitat within Bent Creek is characterized by boulders and medium to
large cobble with heavy sand and silt deposits. Some reaches contain large
amounts of bedrock. Stream gradient within the project area is low
(approximately 1%). Because of the low gradient, the stream meanders through
flat reaches, which has resulted in eroding banks along bends. Deep pools are
present throughout the lower reaches; however, sand and silt deposits have
reduced their efficiency as aquatic habitat by burying preferred substrate.
Large woody debris is present throughout Bent Creek below Lake Powhatan. This
consists of fallen trees, root wads along banks which have been exposed as a
result of high bank erosion, and old artificial habitat improvement structures
which are no longer functioning, except as invertebrrite substrrit(?. This debris
is providing a diversity of instream habitats; however, this diversity is
reduced by heavy siltation immediately below the dam and at the French Broad
River.
The middle reaches below Lake Powhatan contain the best habitat for resident
and migrant fish populations. Sand and silt are flushed downstream via a
slightly higher gradient and faster flows. This exposes good instream habitat
consisting largely of boulders, cobble, and bedrock. Sand and silt deposits
are still present, but they are not as extensive as those up- and downstream.
Undercut banks provide excellent overhead cover for fish.
Arboretum Road, con't 2
AQUATIC SPECIES CONSIDERED
Proposed, Engangered, Threatened, and Sensitive (PETS) Species
According to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) and the
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP), there are eight aquatic PETS
species known to occur within Buncombe County (see Table 1). The American
Brook Lamprey was included on this list since we had a priori knowledge that an
unidentified lamprey species exists in Bent Creek.
TABLE 1. Aquatic PETS species known to occur in Buncombe County and current
state and federal status.
---------------------------------------------
-------- ----------
State --------------
Federal
Species
----------------------- Scientific Name
------------ Status Status

Appalachian Elktoe ------------------
Alasmidonta raveneliana ----------
E --------------
C2
Wavy-rayed Lampmussel Lampsilis fasciola SC
Mountain Creekshell Villosa vanuxemensis T
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis SC C2
Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus SC
Paddlefish Polydon spathula E 3C
Blotchside Logperch Percina burtoni E 3C
Longhead Darter Percina macrocephala SC C2
American Brook Lamprey
----------------------- Lampetra appendix
------------------------------ T
----------
--------------
TABLE 2. Habitat descriptions for aquatic PETS species listed in Table 1.
Species
----------- Preferred Habitat
------------
Appalachian Elktoe ------------------------------------------------------
Primarily unknown, fresh dead shells found in gravel
and cobble in Little Tennessee River.
Wavy-rayed Lampmussel Primarily unknown, rivers and creeks over coarse
sand and gravel.
Mountain Creekshell All sizes of rivers,,streams, and creeks; Hiwassee
and French Broad River systems.
Hellbender Large, clear, fast-flowing streams with large, flat
rocks.
Mudpuppy Same as Hellbender.
Paddlefish Slow moving waters of large rivers. Typically in
pools with >4 feet depth.
Blotchside Logperch Medium-sized warm, usually clear streams of
moderate gradient, where it occupies riffles,
runs, and pools with gravel to boulder bottoms
lacking major siltation.
Longhead Darter Flowing pools, especially near riffles. 'T'hought to
be extirpated from NC. Single sample taken over
50 years ago from French Broad River, Buncombe
County.
American Brook Lamprey Prefers small brooks and rivers with low to moderate
gradient. Ammocetes found in slow areas with silt/
mud substrate. Adults occur in swifter areas with

----------------------- sand/gravel substrate.
------------------------------------------------------
1 J? -4
Arboretum Road, con't
TABLE 3. Fish species sampled during recent surveys by
U.S. Forest Service Personnel.
------------------------------------------------------
Species Scientific Name
Rock Bass Ambloplites rupestris
Redbreast Sunfish Lepomis auritus
Warpaint Shiner Notropis coc_c_ogenis
Whitetail Shiner Notropis alacturus
Blacknose Dace Rhinichthys atratulus

River Chub _
Nocomis micropogon
Central Stoneroller Campostoma anomalum
Fantail Darter Etheostoma flabellare
Mountain Brook Lamprey Ichthyomyzon greeleyi
Northern Hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans
Flat Bullhead Ictalurus platycephalus
-------------------------- ----------------------------
TABLE 4. Likelihood of occurrence of aquatic PETS species within
the project area.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Occurrence Anal. Likelihood of
PETS Species Criteria Occurrence
----------------------------------------------------------------
Appalachian Elktoe 1#15 NOT LIKELY
Wavy-rayed Lampmussel 1#,5 NOT LIKELY
Mountain Creekshell 1 ,5 NOT LIKELY
Hellbender 1,5 NOT LIKELY
Mudpuppy 1,5 NOT LIKELY
Paddlefish 1,5 NOT LIKELY
Blotchside Logperch 1,5 NOT LIKELY
American Brook Lamprey 1 NOT LIKELY
---- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 = Recent site survey data (GO years old if no activity
since then or <5 years old if activity in area in last
10 years).
2 = Historical site records (>10 years old if no activity
since then or >5 years old if activity in area in last
10 years).
3 = Vicinity records from NCNHP, NCWRC, USFS, USFWS, NPS, etc.
4 = Suitable habitat exists but species not recorded from area.
5 = No suitable habitat exists within project ape a.
6 = Project outside known/recorded range by significant
distance.
#No mussels (alive or dead) were seen during recant surveys.
Management Indicator Species (MIS)
3
No single species or group of species serves as MIS for warmwater streams.
Rather, the effects of forest management on warmwater fish communities is
addressed by assessing aquatic community health. Because of a lack of suitable
habitat as a result of heavy sedimentation, the number of species sampled in
Bent Creek was low. It is likely that carrying capacity has been drastically
reduced by the excess sediment below the Lake Powhatan dam.
1? . ftf
Arboretum Road, con't
11
The fish assemblage observed in Bent Creek is one which prefers sandy substrate
(i.e. Mountain Brook Lamprey) or is tolerant of excess sedimentation. The
species sampled are likely to use Bent Creek as a refuge from factors such as
competition and biological and chemical characteristics within the French Broad
River. It is unlikely that the proposed project will have any negative effect
on MIS populations within Bent Creek.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REDUCING POTENTIAL EFFECTS (DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND
CUMULATIVE)
In addition to the standards and guidelines within the Land and Resource
Management Plan for the Nantahala and Pisgah National. Forests, the following
recommendations should be followed:
1. Construct bridges perpendicular to stream flow to reduce the risk of
bank failure and sedimentation,
2. Anchor abutments as far back on bank as possible to reduce the risk
of bank failure and sedimentation,
3. Erect silt fences along Bent Creek during construction to minimize
sedimentation associated with road construction, and
4. Revegetate disturbed areas within 24 hours of project completion.
This includes revegetating areas which will not be disturbed again
even if entire project is not complete. This will minimize erosion
and sedimentation of exposed soil.
SUMMARY
Proposed activities associated with this project will have no adverse effect on
any aquatic PETS species or MIS.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact me.
Sincerely,
SHERYL A. BRYAN
Fisheries Biologist
Pisgah National Forest
cc: Mae Lee Hafer, Biologist
Art Rowe, District Ranger
Donley Hill, Forest Fisheries Biologist
Richard Burns, Forest Hydrologist
,.,,. srniEo
r I??p Yµ n. i?
?r
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Asheville Regional Office
James G. Martin, Governor Ann B. Orr
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secreta Regional Manager
ryDIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
WATER QUALITY SECTION
September -1, 1992
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney, Special Project., Supervisor
Program Planning Un'
Through: Forrest R. Westal/f
_
Regional Water Qual' pervi_sor / ARO ---
is
From: Max L. Haner, Envi ental chemist
Water Quality Sect_ on / APO SEP - 4
Subject: Comments and Recommen.dati.on
? WETLANDS GROUP
for 401 Certification ,_ WATERQl1ALITYSECII+,r,,
Permit Number 92395
Proposed Sediment Removal
by USFS - Lake Powhatan
French Broad River Basin
Buncombe County, North Carolina
The proposed project submitted by USES f`nr dredging of Lake Powhatan
will provide for removal of from 51,000 (13,000 cubic yards of sediment
accumulated within the 12-acre lake oveY I.he past several years. The
lake bears a classification of Class "P,-` i'ot t" and is used for all forms
of recreation in the Lake Powhata.n 12er.r??tion Area except boating.
Removal of the sediment from this lake i?--, scheduled to occur over a 3-6
month period, should improve reareatir)n )(,ti.vities, and is supported by
ARO assuming appropriate precautions ar(- taken to prevent downstream
water_ quality problems in Bent Creek, tl?ss "C". No adjacent wetlands
will be effected. Shoreline not to be r,ietnificantly effected. Sediment
will be deposited (via pipe or truck) t-f-) a 4.2 acre upland wooded area
in the "Ledford Branch drainage basi.n.. M'ni.nage from the proposed
disposal site will be piped to reent:et like. No wetlands are proposed
to be affected by this disposal activity.
As result of on-site evaluation of thiis proposal on August 27, 1992, the
writer concurs that normal dredging methods to limit downstream
siltation should minimize damage to the State's environmental resources.
COE advises that the only Nationwide Perin-it applicable here is for
RETURN WATER FROM UPLAND CONTAINED DISPOSAT.AREAS (NWP 16). Regarding
this disposal area, it is recommended that DEM issue concurrence that
the General Certification for Nationwide Permit Number 16 applies to
this project provided that the Condi--:i.ons of Certification are
maintained. Should you have questiotlF;, pl vase advise.
Interchange Building, 59 Woodfin Place, Asheville, N.C. 28801 • Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
MEMORANDUM INITIALS:
Reviewer : A-a
TO: John Dorney WQ Supv:_
Planning Branch Date: - - Y
SUBJECT: WETLAND STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
***EACH ITEM MUST BE ANSWERED (N/A-NOT APPLICABLE)***
PERMIT_YR: 92 PERMIT NO: 0000395 COUNTY: BUNCOMBE
APPLICANT NAME: USFS - LA KE POWHATAN
PROJECT-TYPE: SEDIMENT REMOVAL PERMIT_TYPE: NW16
COE_#: DOT_#:
FROM CDA:
RCD APP DATE_FRM_CDA: 0712719
_
REG_OFFICE: ARO RIVER_AND_SUB_BASIN #: .(,U-&k
d 11 04 -03" 01-
STREAK_CLASS : 6 --tc.act
STR_INDEX_NO : 6 _ 10 - (t)
WL_IMPACT?:
WL_REQUESTED:
HYDRO_CNECT?:I
MITIGATION?:
MITIGATION-SIZE:
YO
?Y;YN
N
z
WL_TYPE: L PS
WL_ACR_EST?: Y10
WL_SCORE(#): Zo
MITIGATION_TYPE: A)1l1-
IS WETLAND RATING SHEET ATTACHED?: YIN
RECOMMENDATION (Circle One): SS ISSUE/COND DENY
COMMENTS:
,?, amft-? 2&QeL,-L-0
cc: Regional Office
Central Files
WETLAND RATING SYSTEM WORKSHEET
Project No. or description z4oa xQ wz4
Location ?
County Nearest road or town
River Basin
Nearest stream and classification
Evaluator &" k. 44qrx-
Agency and address D&X" A,A?_-- // -
Date and time evaluated S447hJ- 1440 1t
Major Wetland Type 4"I'll An,.,( Z" ?
Approximate size of wetland system !L 4e4-c acres
Approximate extent of wetlands in area x S, 9 *Wuo acres
within miles 40d
Three most common plant species (in order):
1.
2. /
3. GCJi7L?Ci ??'? s(y
Soil Series (if known)
Hydrologic indicators L?ck.G ?dW _
Direct surface hydrologic connection.? YES NO
Existing Conditions
Drainage ?(#A - _a _
Disturbance CWAA-fit
?
.
11; ?
Restoration potential
---
Restoration value __-
Is site known to provide habitat for rare, endangered or threatened
species? If so, list speci.Ps observed or recorded.
Item Number Score (circle one)
I. Location/Landscape
1 Natural area buffer
2 Sensitive watershed lzolt 5 4 3 2
3 Dispersal corridor system 4 3 2 0
II. Ecological Values ?
4 Special ecological attributes 5 4 2 1? J
5 Wildlife habitat 5 4 2 1 ?'
6 Aquatic life 5 4 2 0
7 Water storage 5 4 2 1 0
S Streambank stabilization 5 4 2 0
9 Removal of pollutants 5 4 2 0
III. Human Values
10 Outdoor recreation/education 5 4 3 2 1
11 Economic value 5 4 2 1 0
Site description and notes:
otal S ? SITS ?'Ze?.N - ?o ?`-°? (?,? G d
G -Q Z1osV AJwr
19-kpU L 0-1
United States Forest Toecane Ranger 19-E By-Pass
'?. Department of Service District P.O. Box 128
Agriculture Burnsville, NC 28714
Reply to: 2600
Date: July 23, 1992
Mr. John Dorney
Water Quality Planning
Division of Environmental Management
NC Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Please find the enclosed copies of the application for a 401 Water Quality
Permit to dredge Lake Powhatan in Buncombe County, North Carolina. Lake
Powhatan is a 12 acre impoundment within the Bent Creek Experimental Forest
(Pisgah National Forest). Approximately 83,000 cubic yards of sediment have
accumulated within the lake, therefore we are proposing to remove this
material via suction barge to improve aquatic habitat within the lake and
recreational access along and within the lake.
Thank you in advance for your immediate attention to this issue. Upon
issuance of a 401 Water Quality Permit, our 404 Permit will become effective
and we can initiate sediment removal.
If you have any questions, please call me at [phone] or Donley Hill at
[phone].
Sincerely,
SHERYL A. BRYA
Fisheries Biologist
Pisgah National Forest
enclosures

® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Robert W. Johnson, Office Manager
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville
FROM: Dennis Stewart, Manager
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: September 9, 1992
SUBJECT: Review of an application by Mr. Donley Hill of the U.S.
Forest Service to remove up to 83,000 cubic yards of
sediment from Lake Powhatan, Buncombe County
The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) has
reviewed the information provided by Mr. Donley Hill, and field
biologists on our staff are familiar with habitat values of the
project area. These comments are provided in accordance with
provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et
seq.), and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401,
as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d.).
The U.S. Forest Service proposes to mechanically dredge up
to 83,000 cubic yards of sediment from the bottom of Lake
Powhatan. Dredging will not occur within 50 feet of the wetlands
present at the upper end of the lake. Dredged sediment will be
pumped approximately 1 mile to a diked, 4.2-acre disposal site on
Ledford Branch Road. The disposal site is on high ground and
away from Ledford Branch. Upon completion of the project, the
disposal site wil', be seeded and managed as a wildlife management
opening.
Lake Powhatan is a 12-acre lake located within the Lake
Powhatan Recreation Area on the Pisgah National Forest near
Asheville. The lake is an impoundment of Bent Creek, and the
creek and lake are Designated Public Mountain Trout Waters
(DPMTW) and managed as Hatchery Supported waters. Bent Creek
above the lake has a heavy silt load, resulting in a large amount
of silt being deposited in the lake. Lake Powhatan supports a
small warmwater fish population and is stocked with catchable
size trout during the cooler spring months. The fishery

potential of the lake has decreased due to sedimentation and the
resulting shallowness of the lake. No federal or state listed
threatened or endangered species are known to be present at this
site.
The NCWRC does not object to the issuance of the permit
provided the following conditions are met by the applicant:
1) Erosion control measures should be installed prior to
the start of construction and maintained until the
project site has been stabilized.
2) Adequate precautions should be taken to prevent dredged
material from entering wetlands and streams between the lake
and the disposal site.
3) Temporary ground cover should be placed on bare soil as soon
as construction is completed. Permanent vegetation in these
same areas must be established within 15 working days of
project completion to provide long term erosion control.
We appreciate the opportunity to review and comment on this
project. Please contact us if you need further assistance.
cc: Mr. Micky Clemmons, D-9 Fisheries Biologist
Ms. Stephanie Goudreau, Mt. Region Habitat Biologist
I
41
0- r r (-) _
t
DEM ID: ACTION ID:
NATT014NIDE-' PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVID? NATIONWIDE PERMIT #) : 6
JOINT FORM FOR
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
WILMINGTON DISTRICT ENGINEER
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NC 28402-1890
ATTN: CESAW-CO-E
Telephone [phone]
WATER QUALITY PLANNING
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTA NAGEMENT
NC DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRON , HEAL .,,
AND NATURAL RESOURCE ????
P.O. BOX 29535
RALEIGH, NC 27626-0535 WETLANDS GROUP
ATTN: MR. JOHN DORNEY WATER QUALITY SECTION
Telephone [phone]
ONE (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE CORPS OF
ENGINEERS. SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. PLEASE PRINT.
1. OWNERS NAME: U.S. Forest Service
2. OWNERS ADDRESS: P.O. Box 2750
Asheville, NC 28802
3. OWNERS PHONE NUMBER (HOME):
(WORK): [phone]
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER: Donley M. Hill or Richard G. Burns
U.S. Forest Service, P.O. Box 2750
Asheville, NC 28802
[phone] (Hill) or [phone] (Burns)
5. LOCATION OF WORK (MUST ATTACH MAP). COUNTY: Buncombe
NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: Asheville
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.): Lake Powhatan
is located within the Bent Creek Experimental Forest, adjacent to the
Blue Ridge Parkway an Highway 191. Easiest access is from Hwy 191 near
Parkway along Forest Service Road 9, see Attachment A, area map)
6. NAME OF CLOSEST STREAM/RIVER:
Bent Creek/French Broad River
7. RIVER BASIN: French Broad
8. IS THIS PROJECT LOCATED IN A WATERSHED CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, SA, HQW, ORW,
WS I, OR WS II? YES [X) NO ( )
9. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS
PROPERTY? YES [ ) NO [X]
IF YES, EXPLAIN.
10. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WATERS OF THE U.S. INCLUDING
WETLANDS, LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE: 12 acres (lake and wetlands)
6/10/92