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DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 7, 1990
To: Bill Mills
Planning Branch
From: James H. Gregso
Wilmington Regio al ffice
Through: Dave Adkins
Wilmington gional Office
?r
l ?7
'?, o
N AUG 1990
M KL v
WATER QUALITY
Planning Branch
Subject: Regional Office Review and Recommendations
Application for Permit for Excavation and/or Fill
Project # 9007-M
DCM90-14 / 5 Barrow Sites, Carolina Beach South Project
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New Hanover County
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The Wilmington District COE proposes beach
berm and dune repairs along approximately 17,800 ft. of shoreline
directly south of the existing federal project at Fort Fisher.
Three Borrow areas are under consideration at this time. These
areas include: 1. an estuarine site in the Cape Fear River 2.
an upland site on Pleasure Island, and 3. Jaybird Shoals in the
Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
The project has been reviewed to determine impacts to water
quality. The following comments have been provided.
It is recommended that the borrow areas be ranked as
follows.
1. Upland site on Pleasure Island - Most preferred
alternative, due to low impact on adjacent waters.
Site may provide good area for creation of wetlands.
2. Jaybird Shoals - According to DMF, timing could be a big
problem here. High probability that excavation could
interfere with migrating fish populations. Excavation
should only take place during fall and winter.
3. Estuarine Borrow area - Recommend not using this area.
DMF states that this is within special secondary
nursery area and can be opened to shrimping.
JHG:9007-M.AUG
cc: WiRO, CF
Jim Gregson

IN REPLY REFER TO
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402.1890
July 16, 1990
Planning Division
Mr. Roger Schecter, Director
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Boa 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Schecter:

The Wilmington District office is preparing an economic
reevaluation of the hurricane and storm damage protection project
planned for the area south of Carolina Beach which was authorized
in 1962. The proposed project consists of a beach berm and dune
repairs along a section of shoreline appro::.mately 17,800 feet
long including transition sections, directly south of the existing
Federal project at Carolina Beach. The project would cover the
shoreline from the southern limits of Carolina Beach to a point
near the southern limits of Kure Beach. The project has been
evaluated previously; however, no construction was undertaken due
to problems the local sponsor had in supplying the local share of
the construction funds.
In order to obtain assistance in developing alternative plans
that are likely to be acceptable and preparing cost estimates, we
are making this informal inquiry regarding the borrow areas we
have under consideration. We are not making a final selection of
the borrow area at this time.
Altogether, we have had five borrow areas under consideration
at one time or another. These areas include an estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, an area adjacent to the ship channel in the
Cape Fear River known as Horseshoe Shoals, an upland site on
Pleasure Island which is part of the blast zone for the Military
Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point, New Inlet and the nearby shoaled
areas, and Jaybird Shoals in the Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of
the Cape Fear River west of the ship channel.
Two of the areas are no longer being considered. The material
in the Horseshoe Shoals site has been sampled and the boring logs
' indicate that although some material suitable for beaehfill is
located in the area, it has been deposited in thin layers so that
selective removal of the suitable material would be impossible.
In fact, most of the material in the area is unacceptable for
d'f
-2-
placement on the beach. It does not appear that the area contains
sufficient quantities of suitable material deposited in' such a
manner that it could be a feasible source of material for
construction of the project. The New Inlet area was found to be
included in the Zeke's Island National Estuarine Research Reserve;
therefore, dredging is not advisable.
Three areas are still being considered, the estuarine site in'
the Cape Fear River, the upland site on Pleasure Island, and the
Jaybird Shoals site. These sites are indicated on the enclosed
map. Please rank the areas for environmental acceptability and
let us know what mitigation measures, if any, would be required
for each. Our current estimate of the material requirements is
that 3,200,000 cubic yards will be needed for the initial
construction and 650,000 cubic yards will be needed for each
periodic renourishment operation. Periodic renourishment will be
performed at 5-year intervals. Material could be obtained from a
combination'of sources, if acceptable, or from a single source.
Mr. Daniel Small of the Environmental Resources Branch will
contact you;on August 1, 1990, for your response. If you have any
questions about this request or need any additional information,
you may contact Mr. Small at [phone], or the study manager,
Ms. Carroll Axford, at [phone].
Sincerely,
Lawrence W. Saunders
Chief, Planning Division
Enclosure
Copy Furnished (with enclosure):
?Mr. Steve Benton
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687

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IN REPLY REFER TO
Planning Division
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
July 16, 1990
Dr. George Everett
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Dr. Everett:
JV ; ? Jw c`am' ,p
O 0ca to
,`tom
Q- c
The Wilmington District office is preparing an economic
reevaluation of the hurricane and storm damage protection project
planned for the area south of Carolina Beach which was authorized
in 1962. The proposed project consists of a beach berm and dune
repairs along a section of shoreline approximately 17,800 feet
long including transition sections, directly south of the existing
Federal project at Carolina Beach. The project would cover the
shoreline from the southern limits of Carolina Beach to a point
near the southern limits of Kure Beach. The project has been
evaluated previously; however, no construction was undertaken due
to problems the local sponsor had in supplying the local share of
the construction funds.
In order to obtain assistance in developing alternative plans
that are likely to be acceptable and preparing cost estimates, we
are making this informal inquiry regarding the borrow areas we
have under consideration. We are not making a final selection of
the borrow area at this time.
Altogether, we have had five borrow areas under consideration
at one time or another. These areas include an estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, an area adjacent to the ship channel in the
Cape Fear River known as Horseshoe Shoals, an upland site on
Pleasure Island which is part of the blast zone for the Military
Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point, New Inlet and the nearby shoaled
areas, and Jaybird Shoals in the Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of
the Cape Fear River west of the ship channel.
Two of the areas are no longer being considered. The material
in the Horseshoe Shoals site has been sampled and the boring logs
indicate that although some material suitable for beachfill is
located in the area, it has been deposited in thin layers so that
selective removal of the suitable material would be impossible.
In fact, most of the material in the area is unacceptable for
<r;
is

-2-
placement on the beach. It does not appear that the area contains
sufficient quantities of suitable material deposited in such a
manner that it could be a feasible source of material for
construction of the project. The New Inlet area was found to be
included in the Zeke's Island National Estuarine Research Reserve;
therefore, dredging is not advisable.
Three areas are still being considered, the estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, the upland site on Pleasure Island, and the
Jaybird Shoals site. These sites are indicated on the enclosed
map. Please rank the areas for environmental acceptability and
let us know what mitigation measures, if any, would be required
for each. Our current estimate of the material requirements is
that 3,200,000 cubic yards will be needed for the initial
construction and 650,000 cubic yards will be needed for each
periodic renourishment operation. Periodic renourishment will be
performed at 5-year intervals. Material could be obtained from a
combination of sources, if acceptable, or from a single source.
Mr. Daniel Small of the Environmental Resources Branch will
contact you on August 1, 1990, for your response. If you have any
questions about this request or need any additional information,
you may contact Mr. Small at [phone], or the study manager,
Ms. Carroll Axford, at [phone].
Sincerely,
Enclosure
Lawrence W. Saunders
Chief, Planning Division
Copy Furnished (with enclosure):
J Mr. William Mills
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
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ON P
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Office of Director
_ Attached is referred to: /.??.
- Please prepare a final draft _ reply by
for signature by the:
Governor _ Deputy Secretary _ Director `
Secretary _ Asst. Secretary _ Asa't. Director
_ In your response, please note correspondence was
referred by:
_ Indicate carbon copies to
_ Indicate blind carbond copies to
_ In taking action, coordinate efforts with
_ Please review attached and give me your comments by
C ordinate your review and comment with
Please handle
Please note and advise me as appropriate
_ Please note and file
_ Pleaasse.-discuss with me
r your information
Remarks: please return background information
with drafted resnes:
jbL 1990
Log Number4_ 23 1,71, 1,
E T ION

•^.q
IN REPLY REFER TO
Planning Division
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
July 16, 1990
Dr. George Everett
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Dr. Everett:
?i
CEO, ?114
JUL 20 1990

The Wilmington District office is preparing an economic
reevaluation of the hurricane and storm damage protection project
planned for the area south of Carolina Beach which was authorized
in 1962. The proposed project consists of a beach berm and dune
repairs along a section of shoreline approximately 17,800 feet
long including transition sections, directly south of the existing
Federal project at Carolina Beach. The project would cover the
shoreline from the southern limits of Carolina Beach to a point
near the southern limits of Kure Beach. The project has been
evaluated previously; however, no construction was undertaken due
to problems the local sponsor had in supplying the local share of
the construction funds.
In.order to obtain assistance in developing alternative plans
that are likely to be acceptable and preparing cost estimates, we
are making this informal inquiry regarding the borrow areas we
have under consideration. We are not making a final selection of
the borrow area at this time.
Altogether, we have had five borrow areas under consideration
at one time or another. These areas include an estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, an area adjacent to the ship channel in the
Cape Fear River known as Horseshoe Shoals, an upland site on
Pleasure Island which is part of the blast zone for the Military
Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point, New Inlet and the nearby shoaled
areas, and Jaybird Shoals in the Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of
the Cape Fear River west of the ship channel.
Two of the areas are no longer being considered. The material
in the Horseshoe Shoals site has been sampled and the boring logs
indicate that although some material suitable for beachfill is
located in the area, it has been deposited in thin layers so that
selective removal of the suitable material would be impossible.
In fact, most of the material in the area is unacceptable for
-2-
placement on the beach. It does not appear that the area contains
sufficient quantities of suitable material deposited in such a
manner that it could be a feasible source of material for
construction of the project. The New Inlet area was found to be
included in the Zeke's Island National Estuarine Research Reserve;
therefore, dredging is not advisable.
Three areas are still being considered, the estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, the upland site on Pleasure Island, and the
Jaybird Shoals site. These sites are indicated on the enclosed
map. Please rank the areas for environmental acceptability and
let us know what mitigation measures, if any, would be required
for each. Our current estimate of the material requirements is
that 3,200,000 cubic yards will be needed for the initial
construction and 650,000 cubic yards will be needed for each
periodic renourishment operation. Periodic renourishment will be
performed at 5-Year intervals. Material could be obtained from a
combination of sources, if acceptable, or from a single source.
Mr. Daniel Small of the Environmental Resources Branch will
contact you on August 1, 1990, for your response. If you have any
questions about this request or need any additional information,
you may contact Mr. Small at [phone], or the study manager,
Ms. Carroll Axford, at [phone].
S cere]
Lawrence
Chief, I
Enclosure
Copy Furnished (with enclosure):
Mr. William Mills
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687

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A`
MEMORANDUM
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Date: August 7, 1990
To: Bill Mills
Planning Branch
From: James H..Gregso
Wilmington Regio al-Office
Through: Dave Adkins
Wilmington igional Office
Subject: Regional Office Review and Recommendations
Application for Permit for Excavation and/or Fill
Project # 9007-M
DCM90-14 / 5 Barrow Sites, Carolina Beach South Project
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New Hanover County
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The Wilmington District COE proposes beach
berm and dune repairs along approximately 17,800 ft. of shoreline
directly south of the existing federal project at Fort Fisher.
Three Borrow areas are under consideration at this time. These
areas include: 1. an estuarine site in the Cape Fear River 2.
an upland site on Pleasure Island, and 3. Jaybird Shoals.in the
Atlantic Ocean near,the mouth of the.Cape Fear River.
The project has been reviewed to determine impacts to water
quality. The following comments have been provided.
It is recommended that the borrow areas be ranked as
follows.
1. Upland site on Pleasure Island - Most preferred
alternative, due to low impact on adjacent waters.
Site may provide good area for creation of wetlands.
2. Jaybird Shoals - According to DMF, timing could be a big
problem here. High probability that excavation could
interfere with migrating fish populations. Excavation
should only take place during fall and winter. .
3. Estuarine Borrow area - Recommend not using this area.
DMF states that this is within special secondary
nursery area and can be opened to shrimping.
JHG:9007-M.AUG
cc: WiRO, CF
Jim Gregson

RECEIVED
J U L 2 ,.; iA U
State of North Carolina wtltnt"g{O" Regional Office
DAM
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
225 North McDowell Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary
MEMORANDUM
07/20/90
To: Mr. Jim Gregson
NC DEH&NR
Div. Environmental Management
7225 Wrightsville Avenue
Wilmington, NC 28403
From: Steve Benton, Consistency Coordinator
Roger N. Schecter
Director
e
J
OFFICE OF COASTAL MANAGEI' EN1
WILMINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE

Subject: Project Number DCM90-14, Dated 07/16/90
Preliminary Review - 5 Borrow Sites, Carolina Beach South Project
Proposed by: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in New Hanover County
The above listed document is being circulated to you for review
and comment by 07/27/90.
Type of Review Requested:
_ General Comments / FYI
_ Determination of Permits Needed / Local Land Use Plan Issues
NEPA / NCEPA Comments
,.,,?Preliminary Federal / State Consistency Comments
Federal / State Consistency Comments
Please contact me before the response due date if additional
review time is needed. Thank you.
REPLY
This office objects to the project as proposed.
Comments on this project are attached.
This office supports the project proposal.
No Comment.
Signed
Date
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402.1890
July 16, 1990
IN REPLY REFER TO

Planning Division
Mr. Roger Schecter, Director
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Schecter:
e Y
JUL 20 X990
CASTA f2S?11GD??r1??1.
The Wilmington District office is preparing an economic
reevaluation of the hurricane and storm damage protection project
planned for the area south of Carolina Beach which was authorized
in 1962. The proposed project consists of a beach berm and dune
repairs along a section of shoreline approximately .17,800 feet
long including transition sections, directly south of the existing
Federal project at Carolina Beach. The project would cover the
shoreline from the southern limits of Carolina Beach to a point
near the southern limits of Kure Beach. The project has been
evaluated previously; however, no construction was undertaken due
to problems the local sponsor had in supplying the local share of
the construction funds.
In order to obtain assistance in developing alternative plans
that are likely to be acceptable and preparing cost estimates, we
are making this informal inquiry regarding the borrow areas we
have under consideration. We are not making a final selection of
the borrow area at this time.
Altogether, we have had five borrow areas under consideration
at one time or another. These areas include an estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, an area adjacent to the ship channel in the
Cape Fear River known as Horseshoe Shoals, an upland site on
Pleasure Island which is part of the blast zone for the Military
Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point, New Inlet and the nearby shoaled
areas, and Jaybird Shoals in the Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of
the Cape Fear River west of the ship channel.
Two of the areas are no longer being considered. The material
in the Horseshoe Shoals site has been sampled and the boring logs
indicate that although some material suitable for beachfill is
located in the area, it has been deposited in thin layers so that
selective removal of the suitable material would be impossible.
In fact, most of the material in the area is unacceptable for
4
?tld1
-2-
placement on the beach. It does not appear that the area contains
sufficient quantities of suitable material deposited in' such a
manner that it could be a feasible source of material for
construction of the project. The New Inlet area was found to be
included in the Zeke's Island National Estuarine Research Reserve;
therefore, dredging is not advisable.
Three areas are still being considered, the estuarine site in
the Cape Fear River, the upland site on Pleasure Island, and the
Jaybird Shoals site. These sites are indicated on the enclosed
map. Please rank the areas for environmental acceptability and
let us know what mitigation measures, if any, would be required
for each. Our current estimate of the material requirements is
that 3,200,000 cubic yards will be needed for the initial
construction and 650,000 cubic yards will be needed for each
periodic renourishment operation. Periodic renourishment will be
performed at 5-year intervals. Material could be obtained from a
combination of sources, if acceptable, or from a single source.
Mr. Daniel Small of the Environmental Resources Branch will
contact you on August 1, 1990, for your response. If you have any
questions about this request or need any additional information,
you may contact Mr. Small at [phone], or the study manager,
Ms. Carroll Axford, at [phone].
Sincerely,
Lawrence W. Saunders
Chief, Planning Division
Enclosure
Copy Furnished (with enclosure):
?Mr. Steve Benton
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Post Office Bog 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687

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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
225 North McDowell Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
James G. Martin, Governor Roger N. Schecter
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary August 14, 1990 ??2223 4425,-?6 ? Director
?cP,
Mr. Lawrence W. Saunders AUG1990
Chief, Planning Division RECEIVFD
US Army Corps of Engineers k// ATER QUALITY
Wilmington District anning Branch
PO Box 1890 Wilmington, NC 28402-1890 ,,,
e- n
Dear Mr. Saunders:
Roger has asked that I respond to your letter of July 16, 1990
concerning the preliminary consideration of five alternative borrow sites
for spoil material needed for beach nourishment at Carolina Beach, New
Hanover County, North Carolina. The proposal was circulated to all of our
consistency review agency reviewers for comment. Most have of these
reviewers have responded. However, we have not yet heard from the NC
Division of Environmental Management, the State Property Office, or
Wildlife Resources Commission and will forward their comments as they are
received. Attached, please find a copy of comments we received from our
reviewers. It is probably no surprise to you that all of the proposed
sites generated concern by one or more of our reviewers.
Of the five sites listed, the Jaybird Shoals site appears to be the
least controversial. However, should the Jaybird Shoals site be chosen for
further consideration, care must be taken in the design of its use to
insure that impacts to fisheries resources are minimized. We also request
that wave refraction effects from the existing and potential alterations to
Jaybird Shoals on Oak Island and Bald Head Island be evaluated. Finally,
sedimentation and transport processes on Jaybird Shoals should be
evaluated, particularly as they relate to sediment budget and transport
processes on Bald Head and Oak Island.
In view of the ongoing and increasing need for suitable beach
nourishment material, we recommend that a more regional systematic survey
of sources of suitable sand for beach nourishment be conducted similar to
the study recommended by the NC Coastal Resources Commission's Outer Banks
Erosion Task Force in July of 1984. Potential sources surveyed should
focus on relic barrier island complexes both onshore and offshore where
they are not dynamically connected to the modern beach system.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
.ter
Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to comment on the proposed
borrow sites early in the design process and your continuing consideration
of the North Carolina Coastal Management Program. Please feel free to call
me at [phone] if you have any questions or need additional
information.
Sine rely,
Step en B. Benton
Consistency Coordinator
cc: Roger Schecter, Director
NC Division of Coastal Management
NC Division of Coastal Management, Wilmington Office
NC Division of Marine Fisheries
NC Division of Parks and Recreation
NC Division of Archives and History
NC Division of Environmental Management
NC State Property Office
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Wilmington Regional Office
James G. Martin, Governor Bob Jamieson
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary Regional Manager
DIVISION OF MARINE FISHERIES
July 23, 1990
MEMORANDUM
TO: Steve Benton
FROM: Fritz Rohde
SUBJECT: Project Number DCM90-14
The Division of Marine Fisheries is opposed to two of the three areas being
considered as borrow areas. The estuarine borrow area is in a designated special
secondary nursery area; removal of the bottom material is totally unacceptable.
Jaybird Shoals is located at the mouth of the Cape Fear River. While not as
productive as the estuarine area, it still is highly valuable as migration area for all
organisms utilizing the Cape Fear system. If this area is used, work should be done
only from September through December to avoid impacting the larval and juvenile
fishes and crustaceans utilizing this area.
The only site that we have no objection to is the upland borrow area. We
urge the U . S . Army Corps of Engineers to consider this as the only possible site.
/ sfc
7225 Wrightsville Avenue, Wilmin&non, NC 28403 3696 • Telephone [phone] * Fax 91S)-25F.85772
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
P? j?.J ?p
am<
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James G. Martin, Governor Division of Archives and History
Patric Dorsey, Secretary William S. Price, Jr., Director
August 3, 1990
MEMORANDUM
TO: Stephen B. Benton, Consistency Coordinator
Division of Coastal ?Management, DEINR
Lt. Col. Thomas C. Suermann
Army Corps of Engineers-Wilmington
FROM: David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: F;ve borrow sites, Carolina Beach South
Project (DCM 90-14), New Hanover County
ER 91-7097
Thank you for your memorandum of July 20,
project. We have reviewed the proposed uni
comments.
Jaybird Shoals Borrow Area. This area has
submerged historic resources. Documentary
with the understanding that on-site survey
needed.
1990, concerning the above
iertaking and have the following
a high potential for containing
research should be conducted
and recovery may eventually be
Estuarine Borrow Area. There is a high potential for encountering Civil
War-era overshot projectiles/ cannonballs in this area. A magnetometer survey
should be conducted prior to any dredging activities.
Upland Borrow Area. An archaeological survey was conducted in this area in
May and June of 1989 as part of the archaeological survey and evaluation of
the MOTSU Buffer Zone in New Hanover County. A number of sites were
identified in the area that are considered eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places. Time did not allow a comprehensive literature
search to identify the type of site identified in this area.
It is recommended that the management plan proposed in an Archaeological
Inventory Survev and National Register Evaluations: Military Ocean Terminal
- Sunny Point, New Hanover County, North Carolina (Stine 1990), be implemented
in evaluating these sites for development potential. If protection of these
sites is notpossible then data recovery will be required. If these sites
are some of the twenty-seven Civil War sites identified in the survey
their destruction would adversely affect Fort Fisher State Historic Site,
109 EastJones Street 9 Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807
Page Two
which is listed on the National Register of historic Places and is also a
National historic Landmark.
The military sites and landscape features within the MOTSL' Buffer Zone are
considered significant historic properties which contribute to our under-
standing of Fort Fisher and the Civil War strategic theater. Their
destruction or damage will require the Army Corps of Engineers's compliance
with Section 106. Since Fort Fisher is a designated landmark, consultation
with the Advisory Council is required under 36 CFR 800.10--Protecting National
historic Landmark's.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and the Advisory Council on historic
Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at
36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Ms. Renee Gledhill-Earley,
environmental review coordinator, at 919;733-4763.
DB:slw
cc: Richard Kimmel
Terry harper

DIVISION OF PARKS AND RECREATION
A
July 27, 1990
TO: Steve Benton
FROM: Mike Schafale
SUBJECT: Project DC90-14, Preliminary Review of 5 borrow sites,
Carolina Beach South Project.
Our most serious concern is with the upland borrow area. This
area was identified by the Natural Heritage Program as a priority
area for protection. It contains a good quality example of the
Coastal Fringe Evergreen Forest natural community type ("mainland
maritime forest"). Such communities are largely limited to the
coastal areas from Brunswick to Carteret counties and are
threatened. We have approached the Army with the idea of regis-
tering several areas along the spit if they remain under Army
jurisdiction. We do not yet known the outcome of our proposal.
I have enclosed a copy of our recommendations. While most of
this area does not carry the legal protection of wetlands, it
represents an ecosystem more threatened in this part of the state
than most wetlands are. We urge that the upland site be dropped
from consideration as a borrow area.
We do not have sufficient data on estuarine resources to make a
judgement on the other two sites. Part of the estuarine Cape
Fear River borrow area is adjacent to Carolina Beach State Park,
and dredging activities may have adverse impacts on the park and
its visitors. The southern part of this area is adjacent to
priority natural areas on the land. If dredging did not involve
onshore impact and did not disturb fringing marshes, this part of
the area would be acceptable.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MOTSU BUFFER ZONE LANDS NEAR CAROLINA BEACH
February 14, 1989
Michael P. Schafale
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
DESCRIPTION OF AREA:
The New Hanover County portion of the MOTSU buffer zone lies on a
one to two mile wide spit of land consisting of young, sandy
coastal deposits. The ocean side of the spit is occupied by the
towns of Kure Beach, Wilmington Beach, and Carolina Beach. The
interior of the spit consists of areas of dry sand hills, flat
moist sandy areas, and larger wet depressions. The western side
of the spit slopes, sometimes gradually, sometimes in steep
bluffs, down to a narrow fringe of marsh along the estuarine Cape
Fear River. Variations in moisture and other environmental
factors, including salt spray and fire, allow a mosaic of
different natural communities to develop.
The higher sandy areas, where rapid drainage creates a dry
environment, support sandhill communities, classified as Coastal
Fringe Sandhill by the Natural Heritage Program. Longleaf pine
forms a very open canopy, while scrub oaks, primarily dwarf live
oak and turkey oak, form a denser understory. Low shrubs such as
wax myrtle, graminoids such as wiregrass and Baldwin's beakrush,
and lichens occur sparsely on the bare sand.
On lower, moist sands in the interior of the spit are Pine
Flatwoods communities. These communities are dominated by an
open canopy of longleaf pine. They have essentially no
understory. The ground cover consists of patches of gallberry
holly, wiregrass, and trailing blueberry.
On wetter places, generally occurring in a mosaic with the Pine
Flatwoods, are pocosin areas classified as Pond Pine Woodland.
These areas have an open canopy of pond pine over a dense,
inpenetrable shrub layer of fetterbush, red bay, gallberry, and
greenbriar.
Two small, wet areas are not occupied by Pond Pine Woodland but
instead have a Pine Savanna community. These areas have sparse
longleaf and pond pines over a dense, diverse herb layer which
includes wiregrass, little bluestem, broomsedge, St. John's-wort,
trailing blueberry, and trilisa. Numerous other species may be
expected to occur which were not visible on this winter visit,
including insectivorous plants such as the Venus flytrap,
sundews, and pitcher plants.
In upland areas on the west side of the spit, including the small
bluffs, is a Maritime Forest community dominated by loblolly
1
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pine, laurel oak, live oak, and hickory. Understory and shrub
species include wild olive, American holly, and yaupon holly.
CURRENT CONDITION:
The Carolina Beach-Fort Fisher spit has received long and heavy
human use and disturbance, both recently and in the more distant
past. All of the area has undoubtedly been logged. The natural
fires, which maintain the longleaf pine-dominated communities,
have been suppressed for varying periods of time. Nevertheless,
parts of the area have retained enough of their natural character
to recover from these disturbances and appear to be in good
condition. .
Within these more natural areas have been a variety of
disturbances to smaller areas. These,include the ditches in wet
areas, many roads, recent ORV damage, recent excessive plowing of
fire lines, and small clearings from various past times.
Detailed discussion of natural conditions in specific areas is
contained in the appendix. Areas with communities in in best
condition are on both sides of SR 1534 (Dow Road) from the
dredged area and Ocean Boulevard south to the old Dow plant,
excluding recently cut areas; and a smaller area from the old Dow
plant south to the bend in SR.1534. Some areas farther south are
more disturbed but may have potential for recovery. Major
disturbed areas, probably with no chance for recovery in a
reasonable period of time, include the large dredged area at.the
north end, the old Dow plant, the landfills and sewage lagoons,
recent clearcuts, and the military installations at the south
end.
SIGNIFICANCE:
Several of the community types are rare in North Carolina.
The rarest, Coastal Fringe Sandhill, is restricted to within a
few miles of the coast, from Brunswick to Carteret County. The
Carolina Beach-Fort Fisher spit is one of the two largest areas
where it occurs. Maritime Forest occurs only on barrier islands
and the edge of the mainland coast and is also very limited.
Both of these communities are rapidly being destroyed by coastal
development in much of the state. The Pine Savanna community
type occurs in relatively small areas scattered in the southern
Coastal Plain and is also rare. Pine Flatwoods and Pond Pine
Woodland, while more widespread, are also rapidly being lost, and
good examples in natural condition are uncommon. While this area
has had a long history of use, and many heavily disturbed areas
are interspersed, substantial acreages of communities in good
natural condition remain. This area offers an excellent
opportunity to protect these representatives of North Carolina's
natural heritage.
2

The association of these communities here is also cf great
interest. The Carolina Beach-Fort Fisher spit _s nearly unique
in North Carolina in being a coastal area which is attached to
the mainland (prior to the creation of Snow's Its
environment has influences typical both of maritime areas, such
as salt spray and coastal storms, and of more i-:lar.d Coastal
Plain areas, such as fire and high water tables. These
influences vary from place to place within the spit and are
reflected by the natural communities, which include both maritime
and more typically inland communities. This area represents a
unique opportunity to observe and study the relationship between
maritime and mainland communities.
The area may-support undiscovered rare species, particularly of
plants. The savannas are potential habitat for the endangered
rough-leaf loosestrife, as well as for Venus flytraps. The
longleaf pine communities, if allowed to mature =urther, may
provide new habitat for the Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
The forests are apparently also important for migrating birds.
Large numbers are reported to stop in the fores=s of the spit
before heading out over the water on their way south.
REC01,Y1MENDATI ONS :
The highest quality areas, areas B, C, E, F, G, and H, should be
protected. Regardless of the agency leasing them, they should be
placed on the Registry of North Carolina Natural Heritage Areas
and should be managed to perpetuate their natural values.
Management should include regular controlled burning in all
longleaf and pond pine dominated areas. These communities burned'
naturally and are dependent on fire. Without it, they will
eventually deteriorate. The fastest to deteriorate will be the
small savannas and the flatwoods. Areas should be burned in
large blocks to minimize the need for firelines. Existing
firebreaks should be used, and no new ones plowed. When fuel
loads are low enough, consideration should be given to burning in
the growing season.
No more timber cutting should be done in the natural areas.
Off-road vehicle traffic should be controlled to halt the damage
that is done by proliferation of trails and shortcuts in the open
vegetation of the sandhill and flatwoods communities.
Use of the areas for hiking, bird watching, and scientific
research should not harm the natural values.
If the area is used by the National Guard, activities such as
orienteering, foot-based maneuvers, use of vehicles on existing
major roads, and other dispersed activities which do not involve
soil disturbance should not be harmful. They should avoid the
3

small savanna areas. Major camps and new clearings and
structures should be placed outside the natural areas. Extensive
such areas exist in the southern part of the buffer zone, near
the air station, and in recent clearcuts. If small camps are
needed, they may be placed in the small disturbed patches such as
those along the eastern boundary of the buffer zone.
4

APPENDIX
DISCUSSION OF NATURAL CONDITIONS BY AREA
A. South of the east-west portion of SR 1534: This area
appeared to be moderately to severely disturbed everywhere we
examined it. A powerline runs south from the curve in the road.
East of it the vegetation is dry sandhills with only a few,
young-looking pine trees, fairly dense scrub oal:s, and much bare,
disturbed-looking ground. There is little herb cover. Farther
west is dense-Maritime Forest, with some large trees in places.
However, many of the large trees looked open-grown and the
structure of the forest did not appear natural. It seems likely
that this area was an old settlement site. Farther south is a
young successional loblolly pine forest in an area that was
cleared. The area also contains the Kure Beach sewage lagoon and
a military installation which disrupt its continuity. At the end
of SR 1541, along the low bluff near the Cape Fear River shore,
is a young Maritime Forest strongly dominated by live yaks which
look somewhat salt-pruned. This is of some natural interest, as
none of the other Maritime Forest areas examined showed signi-
ficant salt pruning. The Cape Fear River shore here is a sandy
beach rather than a marsh fringe. We were told that there are
cypresses along the shore farther north in this area, but we did
not find them. This would be of interest since no cypress were
seen elsewhere. This block is of low priority for protection.
B. East and north of the curve in SR 1534, south of the old Dow
plant: A large ditch cuts across the southern part of this
section. The vegetation along the ditch is disturbed. North of
the ditch is a mosaic of Pine Flatwoods, Pond Pine Woodland, and
Coastal Fringe Sandhill in good condition. The primary distur-
bance noted were the many recently plowed fire lines and a few
ORV trails. There are some more disturbed patches on the east
side next to the town. We were told Venus flytraps were present
near the east side of this block, but did not find them. This
block is of medium priority for protection.
C. West of SR 1534 just north of the curve, south of the old Dow
plant: This small area contains good quality Coastal Fringe
Sandhill communities near the road and Maritime Forest near the
river. It is of moderate priority for protection. This and the
block east of the road make a good cross section from the middle
of the island to the river.
D. Old Dow Plant: Most of this area was cleared and is now
'overgrown with brush and vines. Some peripheral areas are dense
young forest. It is of low priority for protection.
5

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1MV
E. East of SR 1534 between old Dow plant and the east-,.nest
ditch: This area contains high quality Pine Flatwoods, Pond Pine
Woodland, and Coastal Fringe Sandhill in the southern part where
it was explored. It also contains a small Pine Savanna. Farther
north, at least near the road, the forest has been cut. The
uncut parts of this block are high priority for protection.
F. West of SR 1534, between old Dow plant and east-west ditch:
This area contains high quality Coastal Fringe Sandhill
communities near the road and Maritime Forest communities near
the river. Several trails represent the primary recent distur-
bance in most of this area, except in the northern part, near the
old cemetery,-where cutting was done recently. Additional
scientific -Lnterest is given to this area by the presence of two
permanent vegetation study plots in the sandhill and forest
communities near the south end. The uncut portions are of high
priority for protection.
G. East of SR 1534 between east-west ditch and Ocean Boulevard
(SR 1538): Most of this area is a low, wet mosaic of high
quality Pond Pine Woodland and Pine Flatwoods. A small savanna
occurs next to Ocean Boulevard near the east boundary. The
western edge, along SR 1534, has been cut recently. Small
disturbed:Areas occur along the ditch and along the east boundary
near the town. The uncut parts of this block are a high priority
for protection.
H. West of SR.1534 from east-west ditch to dredged hole: This
area contains Maritime Forest of varying quality. Parts are•cld
with large trees. Several swampy depressions occur opposite the
end of Ocean. Boulevard. These are probably important breeding
sites for amphibians. A finger of marsh also occurs. This area
is a high priority for protection.
I. East of SR 1534-, north of Ocean-Boulevard: Most of this area
has been recently clearcut, site prepared, and planted with
loblolly pine. It is of low priority for protection.
6