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Home My WebLink About20181733 Ver 1_Lenoir 20-34 No Survey form_2018122010-01-0039 oa��'�?�: . NO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REQUIRED FORM �� ,. •:;`'.� "a.t.�n�.:: This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not ��•� i �� '�}p� �: �:� � . �� ,�b �i. valid for Histaric Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the ; ¢.:.:;.. _..� `� .'�• ..:. .....� �' �'C�'"' Histaric Architecture and Landscapes Group. Q� PROJECT INFORMATION Project No WBS No F.A. No: B-4926 40163.1.2 County: Document.• Funding.• � Yes ❑ No LENOIR PROGRAMMATIC CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION OR CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION Federal Permit Required? ❑ State Permit Type: � Federal ulvxivowN Project Description: REPLACE BRIDGE 20 ON NC 55 OVER THE NEUSE RIVER AND BRIDGE 34 ON NC SS OVER THE NEUSE RIVER OVERFLOW IN LENOIR COUNTY. AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS �A.P.E.� INCLUDES THE AREA 213 METERS �%OO FT.� FROM EACH END OF EACH BRIDGE AND 3O METERS �lOO FT.� FROM CENTERLINE ON EACH SIDE OF THE ROAD. TOTAL A.P.E. LENGTH IS APPROXIMATELY C)%1 METERS �Z,ZOO FT.� LONG AND C)1 METERS �ZOO FT.� WIDE. SUMMARY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES REVIEW Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions: THIS PROJECT WAS ORIGINALLY REVIEWED IN 2010 AS THE REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE 2O. NO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY WAS RECOMMENDED ON 7/22/2OlO �ER 11-1751�. THE PROJECT WAS RE-SUBMITTED IN MARCH 2O 1 S TO INCLUDE THE REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE 34 OVER THE NEUSE RIVER OVERFLOW TO THE EAST OF BRIDGE ZO. THE BRIDGE 34 A.P.E. INCLUDES POORLY-DRAINED SWAMP/FLOODPLAIN WITH A LOW POTENTIAL FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES. SEE ATTACHED DESCRIPTION OF THE 2O1 O REVIEW. Brief Explanation of why the available information provides a reliable basis for reasonably predicting that there are no unidentified historic properties in the APE: THE A.P.E. rtvcLUDEs POORLY-DRAINED LANDFORMS WITH A LOW POTENTIAL FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES. SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION See attached: � Map(s) � Previous Survey Info ❑ Photocopy of County Survey Notes � Photos ❑Correspondence Other: FINDING BY NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST NO ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY REQUIRED CALEB SMITH 5/11/2015 NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST II Date "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED" form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 1 of 21 Archaeological Reconnaissance of Bridge Nos. 20 and 34 on NC 55 over the Neuse River, Lenoir County, North Carolina By Caleb Smith September 2010; Revised May 2015 Introduction The archaeological review of Bridge 20 in Lenoir County was first assigned in February 2010 (Figure 1). The Study Area for the project included the area within 152 meters (500 ft.) of each end of the bridge and 30 meters (100 ft.) from centerline on each side of the road. The original review included an examination of a topographic map, an aerial photograph, the Lenoir County soil survey, and listings of previously recorded sites, previous archaeological surveys, and previous environmental reviews at the Office of State Archaeology (O.S.A.). Also, a reconnaissance of the project area was conducted in March 2010. No Archaeological Survey was recommended for the project in 7/22/2010. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 2 Of 21 The project was re-submitted for archaeological review in March 2015. This time the Area of Potential Effects (A.P.E.) was much larger because it included the replacement of a second bridge (34) located over the Neuse River overflow approximately 183 meters (600 ft.) east of Bridge 20 (Figure 2). The A.P.E. for each bridge includes the area 214 meters (700 ft.) from each end of the bridge and 30 meters (100 ft.) on each side of the road. ,,, _ _ � "� , L.f�� .� �` �r �-�- �r�� -- R,`• + � � , � � � � �_�_-�-�.' �� r '�"� - ' i�'R�. 7 � .:LL�,r�f �. ',. /� � .��y�..:. J��'- � � 1 � � �� /b� 4 �� b �Y �� v �� - �� • ,� ' _1 � r� "�a- � . �' ✓ f. � � �� i �� `� .�. � _ ��' � :r� �i ��euw,kin� 'i T,'� � ; 4 �! . -� � ,a ..: �- � �{ ' � �. _ 1r� � , . i` ''�� 7\ e �- � �—�� '� .- _ . ■'�. • � �� -� � + g I —Ki � �� '�� ,,.:- , � �5ov -. . „. .. _ ,. � ,o � 1 � .._ •- ! r��.��4 . � ��-^�� . - � , ,� . _� -�...��- _ _ _ - _ �� ^�-� J n .. � ;�`� "-�-- _ _ •'�• . � . -� , � �� : _ _ f � �� .` � . 1 � .. j� � 4� ,r _�' ' —_ � � _ ` . ��p f J � Cir -fy.+' _ _ � .' / ! j ' . Y �. , - _ _- � '- �.,.' , �..�- , �_ �. ' - . - -,n �9.� �r� .�� _ -_ ;v , •r." ,^ , .I. . � ' ;4, �+f ! _ - .4 ry , i ,� .' ' ;h j�.,, �/'� ' � ,�! .. . t �` �j ^'i°"� .rro.;'. df��'�'�r c.noo� %! ,rf I, _, .. . � ��ir,.e ' l. j,��, _ '? ,.� ,�' _ � : s..� , �y v - � .I• 7 ' �� • � d j � i - ci •'� � " " J . F-' i V - - � � ., .:`a tt ry .v ''�� , f,.,_ti;�� . _ �J �� - � � `.` µ � .f , r - . � . "' � � �.� .__. - .-�� f . ,I a' .: • ,% { � _ �� . i.7F3� ! � � J n " 7 -,-r-__„ �`"-` . �` xF - ' w �'' F . 9�.c''-'� t � i sy�,�, �.�yye ' JJ'i.!1_i: � ��. S : I 1 L1JJ :llkl.i- .} � "�.� GUWid�.��' � �,r S � i �11 �- . " i.:w., / ' � 1 � � . 1 Figure 2: Location of Bridges 20 and 34 (USGS 1983 Kinston, N.C. [left] and 1983 Grifton, N.C. [right] 1:24,000-scale topographic maps). The following is a revised version of the March 2010 report that described the reconnaissance of the Bridge 20 study area. Bridge 34 was not included in that reconnaissance. However, an examination of the topographic map, aerial photograph, Lenoir County soil survey, and historic maps indicate that the A.P.E. for Bridge 34 is located in the wide, poorly-drained floodplain/ swamp along the east side of the Neuse River (Figures 3 and 4). The landforms within the Bridge 34 A.P.E. have a low potential for archaeological sites. March 2010 Reconnaissance On March 5, 2010, NCDOT archaeologists Paul Mohler and Caleb Smith conducted an archaeological reconnaissance for the replacement of Bridge Number 20 on NC 55 over the Neuse River in Lenoir County. The reconnaissance consisted of archaeological background research and a visual examination of the project area. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projec7s as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 3 of 21 � ..1 � �.. ; . �� ! -- - -� . ,�. ��. �� ; , , �..�,., �� . ..� � i . � � '•'� �'' �� +". � � � Bridge 20 �� '� , . ` " � + �p , „�� , �.. • � L � � ' � { f.' � y. . � -. � . . �, P � _ _ _ ' � . � . � �F ��- �.� . �t... � * i.�: i ��' � �� . , � I �.: �- .. �' � � � � � I . �' �. � �� . 1 � �L �� ! ~ i � i� i . � , ' ' �' � ..� r I 1 # r i *� * � r # . � F� x. . _' � � � _ �f ..'�, � • I �r r _ ��[i�3� # .� � , . �: -��h� t D 9 - � � n�nc� � � -.�- ' _ r � -- � � � _ � # *�' �t � � � . �*` �,l+,! � +� _ �'�` _ �► . *^ .� ,r'. ' u' � - � ' . I � _, � � _ . r �. � � � � � , � � � *� � � �•� ""�� - � �; _ , � + � � , b".' �i'. �ilr� 9 '$ � - � Brid e 34 �r � �' , � � � g . _ �- ' � y� ' �' � �, �. � �a _ � •, � ,� �. � � � � - # ,,�,k � �- � �' �. : � '►� � � � '�' � �ri- � -�, � ��" a* . � � � — � �► `� - -� � � � I i , "` � �,_ fi ��_i ��, ,�i�- _,_ _„� � , _ � r.. :J�� !.' fT , -- - ��_ , i �i � � i i �r i �"��` ... _J��','_. � �1 %JS.� k1 .1JJJ l�J 1 � .r .._ ��*•�_.. � �� i_9J1 -��a'�=J��-� �-�;.r� ' Figure 3: Topographic map of Bridges 20 and 34 (USGS 1983 Kinston, N.C. [left] and 1983 Grifton, N.C. [right] 1:24,000- scale topographic maps). "No ARCHAEOLOGYSUR VEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transpm�tation Pr�ojects as Qualified irz the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 4 of 21 . -,� , �< �. � • '-, � _ , ° ��► � �"` � �J 4 j , + , a LL . *. ,p, - , t M, ` ['� - ' ' . . � ' -� � , 5� i'''R � �` a,:* . . �+ r� � . . . �.... •� � ` . � � Y '� * � �. 7"* a4 .� � ��`t y��` . . . � �` .Y , � ' i �}r • � . . ,�• M 1 � " .. � �. � . -��`_ ''� � .'` 'r �� " _ �„ �n i r �-,r. '� � . " '* �� • �� #�, r K � f .4c' • ;y � •� � �� « � ., � . �-.. . '� � ; .� �R'�,�,� Sridge 20 _� � �' } � � � , � � . .. - �� •s ��.� a�'�° ,�._ �c ,k, �, � . w f� �� r•" �!►�� a � ' �:: ,� y . " y - � �. ' .� . p _ „��t _ � � . �_�.",. - , �� ' � ;,�'�►� "-, � ,� �, . �'� �,. ��r �_ .i - ' �� . � M �,'�w Aw _ ,� � `3�. r � �� ' �,� ' `� ' � #' +� � �iY JI� F �� r" ` ^° F . - " + J �+ 1�" �r J� � �'�� • • -'� � -� ✓ � � � � � - ^ , .. � . � �� . � �, � �-: � . _ � r�... � - ,� , � e ,� '{ .. y .. : + �.. * t ' � -. � S�n � fl; .. . '. �. ; , �� -,�y �� * ' �� a i... _ � � . y�, • �!� � 'g e�r-,�' . � , '.' ��i + � � : .�� .�!r � �'��. � :� �� . _ � '�,��+.��,.��'.�� 3', a,�,�,,,�_ , +•��`�.��+�'_i1 �� ;' y �,r , � �' � �. ,,,, ,.� .� •� .��; �+ _ � � : . .� , �� .�, �r � --r - '�#� *�- �- � . � ' z • r �:�+• • . ' - . ` e"' ,�r l..�,� .f �� '�r � ,� �''�, E. � - � I - '�,.;kw e .'T'�'� � ,�� .�,� � ' � . ". k' ' �, ' T' « 1 . k �! a. � �# * b�' #. . � _ ,� ,�. � . ,�� y� ... � �J .. � . � � � .. . , ,.�� .. . .�� _ . ` � , � .Y , � i ��.. r � � � �. . � kR� � '. i? i . * . , .� ,. ■" , k , ' .: . :»�'! . ir 9. 4 "q;.j�, � . ` ,. • � .`} � y. . „ �'u .� . � � � �r � �� <i'+� ��R� �r�.-��l ' .+ � .� � �'� v,Y y, �� 'r "� � � , : ` � * � ' . � . i • ;� ��eT � 4 yl� �F � �+�'��r , .� ,� .j_jy ��ti �� i f j�`i,� 4. , . 'i � p' �"�..�� ,% ,� � � • * , �' � s � � �y'� �� ` . y .. t�. � � �"'� p, . a # r � � , � 1� �"�,�r y�'�'• A. ,�•• ��.Z"' �'��r� �.x�. �'� 'P-� i N��- _ � ° �' � � `ii. * . � h� .. �" f '� � � �� ... � .� �� .� � • •_ ,�� .� ,* i W�e ...�, 7� " � � ,�� _��. „r _ , �. . � +�� , ° , { * � - � ',� • i }"` .� . e * �4` ,a � � . ,� . . . '_ , �� _ � � . � � ` A � k� 4 � � �R•�''� � - '� * ., ��y� Sridge 34 .��,� � �.:.#_ _ � �i` ir'` ` ry ' '� �. ,� � � `'• * �� . ��. ,�, r � ��Y � ,� "�. ]� . .4 ,�[.� . , p> •. . . y . # � ,�' �" ��..;_ , . - - +.. ' ;�� ,tl,y'�` i''7► ��_;�#' �, r �� . . � � . , , .: ..r ; . ' _ , �'1 i y . . � ,e 'v ' . .. , yt .- . I __ _ � . *1 �� ta x �� r � . s . _ .�. ' . . . .�� . . � �;. T ,. " � � s '� _ . h � i .�„`'� r Figure 4: Aerial photograph of Bridges 20 and 34. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSUR VEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transpm�tation Pr�ojects as Qualified irz the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 5 Of 21 The A.P.E. consisted of a 60-meter (200-foot) wide corridor that extended from the bridge in each direction along NC 55 for approximately 152 meters (500 feet). (The A.P.E. has since grown to include Bridge 34 over the Neuse River overflow to the east of Bridge 20.) Sackground Research Background research consisted of a review of previously recorded archaeological sites and previously conducted archaeological projects in the vicinity, as well as examination of historic maps. There are no previously recorded sites within the study area, and it has not been previously surveyed. Site 31LR38 was recorded to the east of the bridge replacement. It was recorded by Robert Crawford in 1966. It was later destroyed by the excavation of a mine (the West pit), a project reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Office (HPO) as ER 93-7137. Also, a water line project located along NC 55 has been reviewed by HPO (ER 88-0462). A bridge replacement on NC 55 over Jericho Run to the west of the project area was reviewed by HPO (ER 04-0107). HPO had "no comment" on the project. Also, in 2011 HPO reviewed the plans for the replacement of Bridge 20 (ER 11-1751). _ ! � "�� j-'� , �15D1f • -.'' �e�r� , • `� � ", Bridge 20 replacement � �,� Larxi�g .' , � ,��, ir'` (ER 11-1751 ��'�� ,� y ' . �' � � ! � � t� •I ��' � � �r+� �r � __. � �� —s- _ y.� � • � 1''�` �, ' • • .� -.4 _ � ` ` � , { �. 1 � �l}� � ^ � ' •.. : • ' `, �_'� a 31LR38 ��, - -- - �r�'ton$ _ ��+ �os � - � _, w ar,cfp,t ,I� •` �M 8 ' _ / �,r r , ' .S . � . �� I /� r' ,,f ' " . � J ' ,�� a� yw- r , � ( ./ � ` 1, �i ,- r . . � : �'� �g V � �i��. �- f . +� ! �-., � � 1� - �.� -- The West ' ( �� plt � � Water line along _ � - - ` r� NC 55? -— f y� , � � ��.�� :�,� � s �,k.�"� ,,,,�_ �., � , � ,., ��:� Cerr �rt�r �� a �,,��_ �, Figure 5: Topographic map of Bridges 20 and 34 showing previously recorded site and environment reviews in the vicinity (USGS 1983 Kinston, N.C. [left] and 1983 Grifton, N.C. [right] 1:24,000-scale topographic maps). "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form %'or Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 6 of 21 Maps from 1902, 1914, 1919, 1927 and 1938 show no structures in the vicinity of the bridge. The maps show that the area around the bridge is a poorly-drained wetland/ swamp that has never been suitable for agriculture, residences or commercial/industrial development. The maps do show that a bridge has been in this vicinity since 1902 at the latest. The 1902 and 1914 topographic maps (United States Geological Survey [USGS] 1902, 1914) shows a symbol for a standard bridge at this location (not a drawbridge, ford or ferry), labels the bridge "Albrittori s Ldg.", and shows the river was used as a"steamboat route" (Figure 6). It shows a different road configuration than today. The road on the west side of the river was in the same approximate location, but on the east side the road did not extend southeast to today's Neuse Road, but instead turned northeast and ran along the east side of the river to "Terrapin Ldg.", and then east to Neuse Road. The circa 1910-1919 rural delivery route map (United States Post Office Department [USPOD] circa 1910-1919) shows the bridge and road in approximately the same configuration as today (Figure 7). It does not show the 1902 road leading from the project area northeast to Terrapin Landing, nor does it label any bridges or landings. It is a map of mail routes and labels the cluster of homes to the west of the bridge "Faulkner" and the homes to the east of the bridge "N. West." These are presumably the names of the people who lived in those homes. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form %'or Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 7 Of 21 The 1927 Lenoir County soil map (United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] 1927) shows the bridge and road in approximately the same configuration as today (Figure 8). The bridge is labeled "highway bridge." "Terrapin Landing" is labeled to the north. It does not show the 1902 road from the highway bridge northeast to Terrapin Landing. "Caswell Landing" is labeled to the south. Arbittori s Landing is not labeled on this map. The 1938 highway map (North Carolina State Highways and Public Works Commission [NCSHPWC] 1938) shows the bridge and road in approximately the same configurations as today (Figure 9). A plaque on the bridge says it was built in 1937 so this map probably shows the current bridge. The plaque labels it the "Oaks Bridge," although none of the maps label it this way. The road is shown as U.S. Highway 70, and the symbols indicate it was a Federal Aid "paved road, high type." (An earlier highway map [1930] labels it N.C. Highway 10/11.) "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 8 Of 21 "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 9 Of 21 Archaeological Reconnaissance The Neuse River is oriented northeast-southwest but is considered north-south for this project. Each quadrant of the Bridge 20 replacement is described below. Visual examination of the project identified landforms with a low potential for prehistoric archaeological sites. Most of the areas around the bridge and road appear to be poorly-drained land. The Lenoir County soil survey (Barnhi111977) describes the soils around the bridge as poorly- drained. The NC 55 roadbed is raised approximately 4.5 meters (15 feet) above the surrounding area to accommodate frequent flooding, and much of the study area was under water during the (March 2010) reconnaissance. Southwest Quadrant The southwest quadrant has a low probability for archaeological sites (Figure 10). The area from the river west for approximately 60 meters (200 feet) was covered with standing water. There was an area of higher ground from 60-90 meters (200-300 feet) from the bridge, and then standing water from 90-130 meters (300-426 feet) west of the bridge. The Lenoir County soil survey (Barnhill 1977) describes the soil in this quadrant as Chewacla loam (frequently flooded), Kinston loam (frequently flooded), and Bibb soils (frequently flooded). The nearest well-drained soil is a stretch of Lakeland sand (0-6% slopes) that begins approximately 519 meters (1,700 feet) west of the bridge. The modern topographic map depicts the poorly drained soils as wooded and the Lakeland soil as cleared. The historic maps show no structures in this quadrant since 1902. Southeast Quadrant The southeast quadrant has a low probability for archaeological sites (Figure 11). The area from the river east to an overflow bridge (shown on the modern topographic map) was covered with standing water. Like the main bridge the overflow bridge has a plaque saying it was built in 1937. The soil survey describes the soil in this quadrant as Chewacla loam (frequently flooded) and Kinston loam (frequently flooded). The nearest well- drained soil is a stretch of Lakeland sand (0-6% slopes) that begins approximately 701 meters (2,300 feet) east of the bridge. The modern topographic map depicts the poorly drained soils as wooded (with a wetland symbol) and the Lakeland soil as cleared. The historic maps show no structures in this quadrant since 1902. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED " form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 10 of 21 "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 11 of 21 Northeast Quadrant The northeast quadrant has a low probability for archaeological sites (Figure 12). The area from the river east to the overflow bridge was covered with standing water. The soils in this quadrant are the same as in the southeast quadrant, Chewacla loam (frequently flooded) and Kinston loam (frequently flooded). The modern topographic map depicts the poorly drained soils as wooded wetland and the Lakeland soil as cleared. The historic maps show no structures in this quadrant since 1902, but the 1902 map shows there was a road in this quadrant that ran from the bridge northeast to Terrapin Landing. Visual examination did not identify any evidence of an old road in this quadrant. ; �;' l - � �� t �� ' i i, *i 1 � } 1 ��: ti� � i , �!" 1 Y x'± . ,v � P� '�'.. 1; -� • :,,, ! - �,, �, � � „ , � �r 4 .- r� �• w�� p ,_ f � l� � �'s fX�'' 1; •; ` �' �rF;: s�6 t , `� N� ,� .�{ 4 r� �'. � ;,j'�i i � 2i ��('! � ; � \i � � y" '� F� i`% , ��i . �,� . �� l` 'yv �� , .,' p ' ,� 4� �. `'^— �� .iT d.a. 4. . J i d 4� { �' � i � ` t 5 t �r�6 �, � -. .- �' 3 P .T. � t �F�� .�.'� ,�r k i e' . � �. � � : � i. � � � r9�. ��r� r � r`, , �F� '�.: ! � f�� Y tb � �� '-, . �R. � t ��' e a �' -_ � ~� / Yrt, M4' 'a� `"��!'f F� iai �yE �''w� ;3rk + I i.v�� m.� .�r �{'h . r��r� i ; � , r "'; � �, � �r � � f . � r� .�� . :�d�„� F �+' % A� '; i' ! �4 t.. ,_ , F' , f ^ � � p�I �� t .: ±;� ' j /� � f �/ :>�'j�� . .h,dlv � �%. f � �,�. '� fF � � r � � � � ;�.� I Y' �' ''�� r ' � � :�5. a',h a ' `''�, 4 Y � f.., I `�� . V f��'.A �4�. � '`".� ,1'� j `� .�' '� F� 3 1 ? f . { F� F ', }, j' j �r � , }� � . �I 1 I� I��' !� ��;"�' r�y'..,qe��1 � � � :,.� �� i �' � ' � .� �� 'r�: r � �.':. . r ' 1 � '� � y k�� 4 �i �` k � �r � , � ' r f I�� ' �I ,r� aY � �� '.:� � i L �' �` , � � � � �. �, � � - '�' �� v- '� �&d. �/. ff . � i �5i +J� � +`� � a ., ' . �^� i ' � . 4 �� ' ��.��1� _ �� _ ;�, t � "��'w - .. f �' r ,�., �+k .:F � s ;.�'tl.i ."�,q� .r p, ��a' ..'i � ' 'a` ��.. k� �S�i ��A i.rw;€�� y.` , .. iT ' - ��M� �+� � � t , � � V11 � �� q�� x �, tl � �� E �' f 1'm f_ h , ✓ l. -;} � �k �� ;i� y� t . y ely. � r�� I J �A lN;Y. Y r f i{:� F i' i J 8'•{ v J r �'�. f� s �.#�.,::. .,. . Figure 12: East view of the northeast quadrant. Northwest Quadrant The northwest quadrant has a low probability for archaeological sites (Figure 13). Like the southwest quadrant, the area from the river west for approximately 90 meters (300 feet) was covered with standing water. N.C. 55 is raised approximately 3 meters (10 feet) above the surrounding area to keep it out of the flood waters. There was an area of higher ground from 90-180 meters (300-591 feet) from the bridge, and then standing water from there west. Like the southwest quadrant, the soils in this quadrant are Chewacla loam (frequently flooded), Kinston loam (frequently flooded), and Bibb soils (frequently flooded). "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projec7s as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 12 of 21 � F � � � �f ;?� � � �� -� ,�a 1�. � ��.� � '�f1,��? \ � �"�� y � l �� R�i \� ��4� �� 7�' :'f r'� � l ; h � a� 1 �, �" �` � M13 C i` �`.�f ,.� �' � �4� r �y� .. i� , � �S �r �,p �,I, ��.. ye �� `4 �'�.�1�-�,��{ +k��_��°jP': +r � ' �v � . .� { �, � � 3�# � � ti,�� ` � . .,. i ; >-�r � }'�� i 9�� ` r ,�ti , � ' �A i 3 '� } { y r �,, �„ p, #�,,, w:F� . ti �� `i. °r4�iS3`'l"�� 'f'� ' .� f1 ,�� ;:�:�� A�, � � , '� � �aI� i �` "� 1 � rs:. � �"�v r � ;� � �' e � l � ` �''� 'i ! .} 1t7 .��µ h e aA. , �� . V �,/I �� 1 �`k gr� �.. . .� ��` Y.,� � h Y .� • ,.^ � , ��° . , � `F i� .� � � ,��"` �r �� k' g�`i* 4,� ; ' �. � '� , . k �. {� 1 t c� j e ,. { `, � { � t � �' , � � �, ` a � ��. '� � t �� ,; i�,�,t:i�t �{+ . �: • � r� , 4 `� � a ,.;. � ,.y��„�� "`.. „� ^� '' �� +��'`� t 41� �' .i , i gy� �' � ts �k'��" � � �''r-'` � �w�k �i � �'�� n�Yrip T r ��e?�S3 �'� E�i �'1i�' �..�• h, ; ��s 4 vp +�' a $ — #�3 ��i�;�,�'�e�+��$q� .:�— _ '" � ` ' �� "`a�, "�,�=�r+��.�i�"� _ , " � ��r�� ' F�;�� `"� _ �. . _ . " ^ . '`^4'-• � �k � � _ . ` �' 7 �� ` s. �,i + F '.� '�"`�� .{ ,�, � ,�j'�t� d ' � � .h ' 6 ]t� . � . �' � �� , �N d ��F � ��4'61��a*'k �� qF ��` � M1 � r .. � } _ df..� � \ '- 4'�f� �'" F� ` .e'�.: e°+ �a" +� :� �_ i 1 ' �' f � t. �� ' � 9�� , d�Y i,iT jz � � %[ .. T. _3$ I �'� �•r � � � ..��. � � w �� 4� � ,A. ° �'�t,� ,: a,� � ,. �ti� ��p ti"(`°S SF'ai` �+Y�� 4. ♦ p �` .t ,- h � � �r �iv,�s s� � `� � ,� _ �� !F � .:� 3' h •� � -� S � �� `y.,. N�lyd1 -'w"T' \ ., � ",A 1r+Ii" •c i a � r� .. r� :�' � �.. . ` F k Te - f � s . � ✓ � f �� . � � ..F�� '.. ,� +3 .�ir i �'...f w +'r ��.. � �„�c_� }� + � �� k '. i s � ��,.l� ..� R6 _. . �.� .r� � �s .. �'X � � �r.c: �"' ,.+"" '�st&�� " .��c 7.'.;: r-�' �,,�� A��'. �'}�:- �.�s-r '�` .. : Ii�c`� h.. � M ✓ � Y Y • 4 �~ k y ' k ��.h t�'�g F i�ya4K L * i� YS� �� dsr` i .� s�� . °7v,. w� . 3:�` . #.�.: , �.. � �" � .�''',? r+1� ��s.. �:�}� i'q� ,a _�ad'�i+` r.1:9`J � ""�...,o;'r°. M Figure 13: West view of the northwest quadrant. The nearest well-drained soil is a stretch of Lakeland sand (0-6 % slopes) that begins approximately 519 meters (1,700 feet) west of the bridge. The modern topographic map depicts the poorly drained soils as wooded and the Lakeland soil as cleared. The historic maps show no structures in this quadrant since 1902. There is a wide shoulder (approximately 10 meters [32 feet]) located along the north side of N.C. 55 in this quadrant, and there is an access road that runs from the road east towards the Neuse River, perhaps to a boat launch or picnic area (Figure 14). Visual examination of the access road identified some kind of structure remains in this quadrant. The structural features included four small concrete footings with bolts sticking out of the tops, and a concrete retaining wall (Figure 15). The wall is located 15 meters (50 feet) west of the river and 10 meters (32 feet) north of the road. The footings are 5 meters (16 feet) west of the wall. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 13 of 21 ti�#r,j�°�C`h�4 �Lr�>� ,�� yt'�' ti.:�% �l .! � �/' �� : �f� __ � �< "S 9 1 a i ! 4'`:. �4 1��y�. i. } 6 yh n a S t�'�. Y ��k 'wV �� i .r.yF � .if h�S:� 'A. � ..� r� t�f:o- F � _ �' �� , � � L \ �� `� - ' - �q�^ `�" v � `d � � a :,,y� �� k - p� ,,,+ � � , ,b r i s��> ,� . ��Y� �` s «. ,r__ ` �"'t ` � r � f + ,.'� ;, ��'�' , *�+ ; � - a� � .�� t's `� `' '� �` ' � � ;/ i � � Sv;' � �' a t �� f as �t,�� r �,. f 4 + � �'"� � f � � a r "! �. �� ?Y �, Y yj 1 �5 [ �� .h+� �,�,a� � _ k,! �` . ., ��-:4aS y4k 1k z ,.: � :S� � � i ` �' rC ,� :�.: ��, ��"�.r�,�' � w � � � ' ty � . r � ��' ' fi ' '� rf �' � � � ti� i'� �is'�� 'a �..r t, � .. .�� i �r � �..: i hi 1 �✓ ' ��}f t "'' X� � , ti . � , � � ��`� j � �` �F � �l�i '`a � � �> ,y.: +f t �?S ' � y � �' YE v 3.k '^�'t:y � r � '� -� t"� �,f' i �. �t � � y t�� .V �� ,�'� � r� �� -.. � 'i� �' j�{ . . ,. - ' � ..r � � :. � i e �� t � ��' �� ¢ � �� . J ' . ' . . �,.... . �� q�� ,� � y � �R . d' �! : y,�yt � i :lyk� p��. � ,_ .; '�4's-..�- � �} 3 �'! % �; { .r� %, �' �'�.�:. .. -�v �, , F" ' ' �Y.' �, . A . �/ .� \ 1 � 7 - t� �`.', � . � � � � �� l.i ,ry r', A .�.} \ A a.Z(f �_ -'� . ' � ' � . . '�a _ i : 'k �c 4�.� .}rK � .^,�1YC �.' .. - � � . � , � �� ,, P j � ��" i ; R �"�j'+a��. #Kk�. �,� x` i"` �_�,< - „ �' , � , '. � � � , ° / ' � . ,.._ *....:;�'�� h r�'.. aa�'r � s �,`'� - �, . - a�� ,�, aa G�. � . � ' � �- Yt� Sr. � t _ .� "�.,+.. ',��a�-*�- � � ,� � �,^ .. � � �., �� .-r r.-A,'� � �",.. 'q t .:r i �a :' j . P ...' _ > ",_+r . . .. .'_ . y'.�q�A.g,^rk°a• t �'� jFjk�� 3�eh F � �. 4 - '��. _ _ � - . v� . � �, ,�t� rt � z �,,� ¢i t ' §�'k �:� � j sr' #�, -_ �: W a S/t �. < C �j ,. �. r � 4`"r �� vN r.'h� � ` � 3 h .}�l{ „ ��"•",� +� �^; �'�i� �� F Q ^T1Y� '}�; �''h� Ih.a'*�� >.\ - , . �r��,�«� ��j � e�7 n,T�L�� Sl��?� .i,Fg^,r { '*'4 ._ ' . Figure 14: East view of the access road in the northwest quadrant. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 14 of 21 Origin of the Structural Features It is not possible to determine the structural features' age, origin or purpose based on their physical characteristics. They are made of cement, a building material that has been used for many years and provides little information about a construction date. It is possible there are more structural features located outside of the A.P.E. but the reconnaissance focused on the areas close to the bridge. The heavily wooded, swampy land did not encourage exploration of the areas located away (north of) the road. Historic maps indicate that a bridge has been at this approximate location since 1902. The plaque on the current bridge says it was built in 1937. Background research identified a 1919 notice that the Lenoir County Commissioners had awarded a contract to the Roanoke Iron and Bridge Works to build a bridge over the Neuse River at the "Oak Bridge site" six miles from Kinston (Figure 16). The distance from Kinston is not very informative since it is not known whether the distance refers to road miles or river miles, and it is not known at what point the measurement began. Based on the scales of the 1914 and 1902 topographic maps the bridge would have been approximately 6 miles by road from the east side of Kinston. Also, the bridge plaque calls the current bridge the "Oaks Bridge," so the notice probably refers to this location. Also, the contract called for concrete abutments and piers and that is what the structural features are made of, so the remains could be from that bridge. r�:� �t�, ,�I+•rk �t1�1� A1�1'R1� �::i� � ��1� 1"�F�'�'#�.*�'7'� .*�4'��}. d'Tn�1��Rtts �`r��#r��t�w �'�u��r��r�,� �#�t �i+r+r�s�� 1�.---'�,�+L � �r� n � ��i= b��, t�r � ar �un■ ru rl�� r� I� P�r1ts � C�� ti�rr�, a� ��,��, I+C 1.�� '��i��r � �� a Ar�+�� 44'�ri€�. 1�� n��. ��- f�r ��r- ��t�n� ��1 hi�r�r�� r��i� ��#h �1�� a��,1a �� T�M�� Rl�a� �l �#�I� ]��e �i�� 3� fr��r I�J��t��, �t� �� n ��r�t� ��h � 1�-[t. r��3'. ��n�r�t � � rr�� r� � � � n � �I �r�. *# �� F#�7. ��ei� �� '. -*I►. '�, �� u�rr, ��k i u� ��id#�� o�er� t � r� � '� � �.{t��l�. .U��?t_ �� ]�4�b_ �+' �°�:� e- Figure 16: 1919 description of a contract awarded to build a bridge at/near the project area (Municipal Journal and Public Works 1919). "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 15 Of 21 The 1937 design plans of the present bridge (courtesy of the NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit) have an inset in the lower left corner of the "Special Drawing for Oaks Bridge over Neuse River." The inset shows the new bridge's relationship to the previous bridge (Figure 17). There is no scale on the inset map, but it shows the previous bridge's west end may have been located within the study area. The concrete wall is located approximately 10 meters (33 feet) north of the bridge so the wall and footings could be the remains of the previous bridge. s � ta�r��r � r- �r�� ,*G aC. i�c:Jp �1'� .1J�'� � �• �=�r3° �t �t.. �d .�� tR f�j 'J'�if .�i%..i.f � � ��/i`� �. NOrkhwe� ��t ~�. . !t � r� � I —•- F— � • +��s r� ��. r'ir{'� �- F .� .* �� 4� i�' J 3't ite vrr� sa,wrs f# �,f.� ' x �f r 'fa+l' � w�.., +.ar., I� rr�' �. ti r� � � � ` ra �e F -k�_� ,• �� ' � .* "Present F'-� + � � � •' �h� � � � � ' ,' . bridge" ��,� ��- r �� - + �� - �+ � - � � �� a.,�+ - _ � � - {�.�.�,�.,.,� � a'� + - -_ - - - �� r,� � r�' . _ -;�� { 1+ r { � -'.� ' �} • '- � � .�� ' ' � � I ��# .� � '�J'r �r�11IiF hrrrf�pw � . � ;..� e,:wr � ��F.� # � � # f � � � - . "Proposed � � - � ' - _ � brid e" � . -� � g . , , ., I :.. �`- •� . �.,, �OC/� ��IY .�Ii`� ?r��'} � � fL}'"�� ..y �..rr �ii • % .� • I+i •� •'� ��-�1��}�{�' ' �a fl .?7 �1^ �jrart A'+el�¢r un f��1 l I'h�il t'rr+ a�! /'ff��n�' - �r.,��t ��y•�/rr,�•r� Larner £�f ��`O 9fe Figure 17: "Location Sketch" on the design plans of the 1937 bridge. The structural features could be the remains of a building. The configuration of the concrete footings looks like a foundation for a large piece of machinery or storage tank. The bolts in the top indicated something was fastened to them and removed later. If they were part of a structure it was probably related to an industry that utilized the Neuse River like a loading dock or wharf. However, it is odd that none of the historic maps from the early through middle twentieth-century show any buildings at this location. A 1954 aerial photograph (courtesy of the North Carolina Geological Survey [NCGS]) does not show any clearings or other evidence of industrial development next to the bridge (Figure 18). The aerial photograph shows what may be an old access road (perhaps the current access road) in the northwest quadrant. This road could be the approach to the previous bridge, although the location sketch in Figure 17 shows the previous bridge would have been approached from the northwest. There is no other evidence of any activity at this location. It is certainly possible that the remains either pre- or post-date the maps and aerial photograph. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 16 of 21 — , ,�q�.,.-.,i - . i '� � � . 5 � A ��5�� '�♦ ,r :� }�f ,i�_ #•'.'l S ��. i r �,h� �q .��` � ��"�'� .#.a .-`p" ,, �;.. �, � ti. � ��'' _ `xt ,� ;:� �. r � �'7 ��. �� L. 1 `� � .�: 4 �� 4i Mt. " � 1•!' �` �..��" 7C � f� � ',�."sa �1Yr e,.-� y,� +f�1i �K! y 14'k:'� � : �, �.. - �,. � Ri-?�ggg�� , � 1 y * �� . ..� ��, �;' r�=, 4 . ` ��. � 3y Area � � � t� �� F ,� �` � ��L k'�.�r� �:� �.., r� ��%� � ��r � � :�.� � ' ° - 4�� e, � � � ; �1... . w�,'�a� i`�T �, ,��:_ .�tY'UCtUY21 ' � features �� , }.�� `��,�}'�� 1 a'�� j^�• . � i � � `R.At . _ iy{,° .iP� 1� tx�� .�+�"�� % ��g . ��• � .�„ ��3 • �P" � 4 . 4 ' � F � { . � � R f�lh' � � af �� ' } ' ' � � w � � * 4'h �' . F . F � � ir t ♦ � �i�My�+ � � 1�!;* � 1y _'j yii.�*'i ��Y;�� ry ��r� i� ..��l�.1 �',��'°��,e[ ! g, }Te..F��n.� f.� G �;�� y'»�'�� .q•fy,b �j'� , `'�'� a:�'�rfi�,� '4�' �' {'�'+r�S �j , � a> '""`i,,- � is�' , ' � .l� � �� I� �J ��'` a , �+ f Y� � . �� i t . ]-:, y,, }'�y �' ►Y' :� I ' .. '�' �' , s � w � i , �y'1 �• � . * Figure 18: Aerial photograph of the project area in 1954 (courtesy NCGS). The features could be the remains of a river improvement structure installed by the U.S. Army Engineers in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries. A series of river and harbor appropriations in the 1870s began an intensive effort to improve North Carolina's rivers for boat shipping. The Neuse River program called for clearing of obstructions (both man-made and natural), removing shoals, straightening curves, and maintaining a consistent channel depth from the mouth upstream to Goldsboro. Between 1878 and 1919 Congress appropriated $457,250 for Neuse River improvements, and they are detailed in the Secretary of War's reports to the U.S. Congress from 1872, 1879, 1886, 1888, 1892, 1904, 1906, 1912 and 1919 (U.S. Secretary of War 1872, 1879, 1886, 1888, 1892, 1904, 1906, 1912, 1919). One of the most effective ways to maintain a consistent depth was to build jetties that steered the current to the middle of the stream and "naturally" deepened the channel. In 1878 the project constructed five jetties "at the long, straight reach immediately below the town of Kinston." The jetties were constructed of wooden piles and sheet metal and averaged 100 feet long. In 1886, 121 lumber jetties (a total of 12,402 feet long) were installed in the 5 miles between the "southwest blockade" below Kinston and a point called Bectori s Old Fields. As described above, trying to find a point on the Neuse River using the distances and landmarks found in the older sources is problematic, but the project area may have been in this stretch of the river. While these structural features do not fit the description of jetties, they could have been related to the Neuse River improvements. The most important information is that the Secretary of War's reports "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projecls as Qualifted in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 17 Of 21 include fairly detailed descriptions of much of the Neuse River, yet none specifically mention any structures or bridges in this area. Deed research did not find any evidence of a structure next to the bridge. Research was able to track the chain of title back to 1937, when Z.V. and Bessie K. West purchased a 32- acre tract from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (Lenoir County Deed Book [DB] 164 pg. 2). In January 1959 the Z.V. and Bessie K. West lands were divided amongst their heirs and a survey map was filed (Lenoir County Map Book [MB] 7 pg. 56). (Figure 19 is the 1958 survey map showing the project area.) The estate included two "farms" located on the west side of the Neuse River, one on the north and one on the south side of N.C. 55. The project area is within the boundaries of "Farm #2," consisting of 32 acres on the north side of N.C. 55. Within Farm #2 it was part of Lot 62, an 11.4 acre tract of woodland that stretched from the west bank of the Neuse west for approximately 1,833 feet. Lots 61 and 60 were smaller parcels located on the west side of Lot 62. The map in Figure 19 does not show any structural features in the project area. In January 1959 Keith and Louise L. Williams purchased Farm #2 (Lots 60, 61 and 62) from the West family (DB 475 pg. 318). Roy Ivy Garris purchased the land from Keith and Louise L. Willliams on July 15, 1960 (DB 478 pg. 212). The Garris family had inherited the land from Roy Ivy Garris when he died intestate on June 28, 1964. On May 1, 1967 Wilby Garris Cole and her husband, Roland J. Cole, were conveyed the land by Wilby's siblings and mother (DB 574 pg. 654). Most recently Lot 62 was gifted to Rodney Earl Cole by Wilby Garris Cole in February 2006 (DB 1457 pg. 804-806). None of the deeds described above mention any structural features in the project area. Conclusion In conclusion, the proposed bridge replacement has little potential to impact any archaeological sites. Background research found that there are no previously recorded archaeological sites in the vicinity, and historic maps do not show any structures in the project area. The maps show a bridge at this location by 1902, and research found that another bridge was built in 1919. The current bridge was built in 1937. Visual examination of the project area identified landforms with a low potential for prehistoric archaeological sites. The areas around the bridge and road are poorly-drained, swampy land. The reconnaissance identified several concrete structural features in the northwest quadrant of Bridge 20. Their age, origin and purpose are unknown, but they are most likely the remains of the 1919 bridge. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED " form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 18 of 21 =c = �-0.� z,vr t .� F i � reY ia arr.sm.r panrnvcu � oy �a 1 �� 1 �°° �1 '� n :�3, ' a.y ss&,� e �" 1YOdiddl �� y �� 7 � '?vy i � N xee � "o°%��: e � q .. ti �• 3 'J�� Sp 'e�h �Po.4. � —� s t — i R� —'s e��7,�cw rT�ra • 1 ~J . �.rs�7'vw -s-r Northwest f� f quadrant ��. :,`/ • � I �w S� �s .4�rr/er )e tr . wl+�r L�+. ��!n6TT ,��.'.,res �� "=a.n�' �a�u.,a,�s�a _ r.;: T rrzm.�, x� s NORTH CAR6�IFlR; H�uF� cauNrr 7w,r�enyec� ea,r�G�+JLI"S+A'ORN ,,, °,-o;,;.,:`; SAYS: FHAT N�_ IS AR�G'SiEREia fJ�NI] ."::;.:tl{p .. - SE7RYEY:]A ANU TNRT OV Itl OAY GF �i.-v,�"'� .TNN, f4,58 hfE 1�1�LQE TIiE Ml1P UPOf� �.;..+ yV1iICN Ff;15 M1tFIDAVlf �S WRITT�fi • ��pM AN A(:Tl1RL Si1RVEY �iRDE BY T`fy°yy.�.�, : 1iIM, :V,EO IHRT THE SAME IS IPi RLL � � „ Hs'.k�'��iS CC'R�dI'�� s- sre��„wa a�nd ,.o�. „e.�+c-� m. 1.� Nia..?-.�1 � �s��3�..-c.^-_a9 �..�� r f.?. _ ,�\ s Nc1��y P��v,�c , :., l �N�PM �Y .Z u. �.oT,....�.o. e. w•ens , s.x..d.• °""--._ ae ane� r'r. � .�i. YYN�t • 3;.5 , N. C. 55 r�! I� ' � �"ti , r — — .9 s �. .3 �VH6'OO`W r � 1��'. '/ � ` �e � � : __ _ . . , r 3 � {e.fa ,--�^ �. � R.+� � � ` i r 1^� L p-�.� �'� 1 Ro V' � r � � J� ` j, �c`— . _1 � .. � - � �l,�l r i ] l'" .� � !��' t ' ' `� `r _ '' 7 � � - .. 6p � � 7 r - v 1�� /'�{ �� 7�iV r _ �.•� 1�� 6�2 ��. J. j w. � . t�6! r.. aP: L - L�, t�rx -.-.�. �k � r �. � , � � n.-0 T u. c z.i7ac^ ra�zs h �61�, � �, -�� , �`�c'jL '�7i( F - fr�A�•ti �. r�C � C: •�.._ � a4�.r.6aacV�P,t��` � FRz+MAB�• �y Y� �i (_ r �- �]�_�C �� wmoes ,, .�= f� � r�. � L-'_'� .� 2 •? r�s } 9C P'�`�' - y 9.7ae ,r [�', G�I'''R�� t+ ''w ��- � �`v"' t C {`' � zvrt' t - '+w. L — z�� .� •F>�otr '"b ras.a ,•Mf�II ' , � eG•aa•.C+.-a9�s.f' • j� �a c%�...:.re �.....v� ,rs,.,�.crar�.w. .w.sc. T,Wr _, /J 1� i £ ♦.rr ��..�..-.s Maas.-.rbror..rs s�rw>s+ A+� Ta E� r' ..eaw rae.wr�i. / � S E L L I li a AA E N T� a.ea.o C.ir,r r,a..s xe. � c.. � F. r a� .e _. R c� i.wts Fsr aus,rro 9 Rcx� �u �+:s _7asr�. �� WA�_T�F3 � [#LIRLEY AUG71aN CU. .Tr.,,r sv<��r �r�.,�rka�. r �•�_—.,�� KINS70N, N.C. �w� i_ .::� ,:..� ;�«"# �., ,..,w �....�. � Figure 19:1958 plat map of the West estate lands. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSC7R VEYREQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projec7s as Qualified in the �007 Programmatic Agreemerzt. 19 Of 2l References Cited Barnhill, William L. 1977 Soil Survey of Lenoir County, North Carolina. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Municipal Journal and Public Works 1919 Volume XLVI (January to June 1919). Municipal Journal and Engineer, Inc., New York, New York. North Carolina State Highways and Public Works Commission (NCSHPWC) 1938 Lenoir County, North Carolina Highway Map. Accessed in March 2010 at North Carolina Maps, http://www2.lib.unc.edu/dc/ncmaps/ United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1927 Lenoir County Soil Map. Accessed in March 2010 at North Carolina Maps, http: / /www2.lib.unc.edu/ dc /ncmaps/ United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1902 Ayden, North Carolina. 1:62,500-scale topographic map. 1914 Kinston, North Carolina. 1:62,500-scale topographic map. United States Post Office Department (USPOD) Circa 1910-1919 Rural Delivery Routes, Lenoir County, North Carolina. Accessed in March 2010 at North Carolina Maps, http://www2.lib.unc.edu/dc/ncmaps/ United States War Department/ United States Army 1872 Neuse River, Below Goldsborough, North Carolina. Pp. 734-741 in Report of the Secretary of War (Being Part of the Message and Documents Communicated to the Two Houses of Congress at the Beginning of the Third Session of the Forty-Second Congress), Volume II, Appendix Q. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1879 Improvement of Neuse River, North Carolina. Pp. 704-710 in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers to the Secretary of War for the Year 1879 (In Three Parts). Part I., Appendix H-11. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1886 Improvement of the Neuse River, North Carolina. Pp. 979-983 in Annual Report of the Secretary of War for the Year 1886 (in Four Volumes). Volume II, Appendix L-3. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1888 Improvement of Neuse River, North Carolina. Pp. 866-871 in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to the Secretary of War for the Year 1888 (in Four Parts). Part II, Appendix L-4. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1892 Improvement of Neuse River Up to Smithfield, North Carolina. PP.1129-1134 in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to the Secretary of War for the Year 1892 (in Four Parts and Atlas), Part II, Appendix L-10. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED" form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 20 of 21 1904 Improvement of Neuse and Trent Rivers, North Carolina. PP.1481-1483 in Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1904. Volume VI: Report of the Chief of Engineers, Part 2, Appendix M-6. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1906 Neuse and Trent Rivers, North Carolina. Pp. 257-258 in Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1906. Volume V: Report of the Chief of Engineers. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1912 Neuse and Trent Rivers, North Carolina. Pp. 432-434 in War Department Annual Reports 1912 (in Four Volumes). Volume II: Report of the Chief of Engineers. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1919 Neuse River, North Carolina. Pp. 2446-2249 in Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, in Three Parts. Volume II, Part 3. : Report of the Chief of Engineers. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. "No ARCHAEOLOGYSURVEYREQUIRED" form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 21 of 21