NC 143 Improvement

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US Army Corps
Of Engineers
Wilmington District
PUBLIC NOTICE
Issue Date: November 20, 2018
Comment Deadline: December 20, 2018
Corps Action ID #: SAW-2003-31021
I'IPProjectNo.: R-2822B
The Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers (Corps) has received an application from the NoRh
Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) regarding a potential future requirement for
Department ofthe Army (DA) authorization to discharge dredged or fill material into waters of
the United States associated with the proposed NC 143 Improvement in Robbinsville, Graham
Counry, North Carolina.
Specific alignment alternatives and location information are described below and shown on the
attached maps. This Public Notice and attachments are also available on the Wilmington District
Web Site at http�//www saw.usace army.mil/Missions/Re ug IatoryPermitPro rg am.aspx
Applicant: North Carolina DepaRment of Transportation (NCDOT)
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
Attn: Mr. Joshua Deyton.
253 Webster Road
Sylva, North Carolina 28779
Authority
The Corps will evaluate this application to compare alternatives that have been carried forward
for detailed study pursuant to applicable procedures of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act
of 1899 and Section 404 ofthe Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
In order to more fully integrate Section 10 and Section 404 permit requirements with the
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, and to give careful consideration to our required
public interest review and 404(b)(I) compliance determination, the Corps is soliciting public
comment on the merits ofthis proposal and on the aiternatives. At the close ofthis comment
period, the District Commander will evaluate and consider the comments received, as well as the
expected adverse and beneficial effects of the proposed road construction, to select the least
environmentally damaging practicable alternative (LEDPA). The District Commander is not
authorizing construction of the proposed project at this time. A final DA permit may be issued
only after our review process is complete, impacts to the aquatic environment have been
minimized to the maximum extent practicable, and a compensatory mitigation plan for
unavoidable impacts has been approved.
����od��
LEC 1 � 2018
DENR - WATER RESOURCES
7{tAtJSPORTAT10N PERMfTT�NG UNIT

Location
The proposed project begins where NC 143 intersects with NC 129 (Tapoco Road)/NC 143
Business and extends along NC 143 4.5 miles west, northwest to just west of where NC 143
crosses West Buffalo Creek in Robbinsville, Graham County, North Carolina (E�ibit 1). The
proposed project is designated as State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) as project
number R-2822B.
Existing Site Conditions
The study area lies in the Blue Ridge Mountains physiographic region ofNorth Carolina.
Topography in the project vicinity is comprised of relatively rugged mountainous topography
with elevations in the project study area range from approximately 2000-2200 feet above sea
level. General trends along the NC 143 project corridor consist of mostly undeveloped land with
residential properties located sparsely throughout. The project corridor lies fully within the Little
Tennessee River Basin, USGS Hydrologic Units Codes 06010204. Named streams in the project
area include the Cheoah River, Massey Branch, Snowbird Creek, and Cooloska Branch.
The need for the proposed roadway improvements to NC 143 is driven by the fact that the
current roadway geometrics (pavement and shoulder width, horizontal and vertical curve design
speeds) are not consistent with the roadway's functional classification and associated design
standards. The numerous sharp curves, steep grades, narrow lane widths, and lack of paved
shoulders contribute to the facility's high crash rate, and in particular the high percentage of lane
departure crashes. • � -
NC 143 serves as one of only two east-west oriented routes through the Nantahala National
Forest. NC 143 connects Robbinsville (the Graham County Seat), US 129 and NC 28 to Tellico
Plains, Tennessee via TN 165. In addition to serving regional traffic traveling between
Robbinsville and Tellico Plains, NC 143 serves as the eastern gateway for tourist traff'ic to the
Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest and the Cherohala Skyway.
NC 143 is classified as a major collector. The purpose ofthe rural major collector is to link
population and employment centers or to provide connectivity to higher classified roadways
(arterials and freeways).
Geometric Deficiencies
The various geometric deficiencies are a key contributor to the high crash rate along NC 143
within the project corridor. Between November 1, 2008 and October 31, 2013, 89 crashes
occurred within the project study limits. The crash rate within the road corridor is higher than the
critical crash rate and the statewide average crash rate. This section of NC 143 is a narrow two-
lane facility with nine-foot wide lanes and grassed shoulders ranging in width from one to four
feet. The average attainable speed in the project study area is restricted to approximately 25 to
30 mph due to the numerous low speed horizontal curves. Some of the curves have a
recommended speed as low as 15 mph. The vertical curvature along NC 143 also contributes to
the safety issues along the project corridor. S� of the 17 vertical curves do not meet the 35-mph
design speed.
-2-

Applicant's Stated Purpose
The purpose of the project is to improve safety by achieving the minimum geometric
standards consistent with the facility's functional classification.
Project Description
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to make safety
improvements along a 4.5 corridor of NC 143 from West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business, �
near Robbinsville in Graham County. Improvements would include geometric/upgrade
improvements using recommended design criteria stated in the AASHTO Green Book and
NCDOT 3-R Design Guide for Rural Collectors. The project would result in an 80% reduction of
identified roadway deficiencies and include the application of the Context Sensitive Solutions
Design Controls and Criteria.
Detailed Study Alternatives
Three build alternatives and the no-build alternative were selected as detailed study alternatives.
E�ibits 2A-2C show the three build alternatives. The following is a brief description of each
alternative:
Alternative 1
Alternative 1 proposes to widen existing NC 143 from West Buffalo Creek to just north of NC
143 Business. This alternative proposes to upgrade NC 143 by improving all vertical and
horizontal curves to meet a minimum design speed of 45-mph. These improvements are
consistent with the minimum recommendations for a rural collector as described in the AASHTO
Green Book. The proposed widening includes 11-foot travel lanes and 6-foot wide shoulders (4-
foot paved) in each direction (E�ibit 4). The 11-foot travel lanes do not, meet the minimum-
width recommendations in the AASHTO Green Book for a Rural Collector, but they are
consistent with the minimum lane and shoulder widths recommended by the NCDOT 3-R Guide.
The proposed design also reconfigures the NC 143/NC 143 Business intersection by rerouting
NC 143 on new location to make it the primary through movement.
This alternative also proposes to replace Bridge #370013 over Snowbird Creek. Bridge #370013
is a 180-foot long pre-stressed concrete cored slab bridge that consists of four, 45-foot long
spans. The bridge has a sufficiency rating of 63.83 out of 100 and is considered functionally
obsolete due to substandard deck geometry. Staged construction is the preferred method for
reconstructing the bridge. This would consist of reducing the bridge to a one-way operation
along half of the structure and dismantling the out of service portion of the bridge. The
dismantled portion of the bridge will be reconstructed to current design standards and traffic
would then be shifted. The remaining older portion of the bridge will then be dismantled,
reconstructed to current standards, and then opened to vehicular traffic.
E�ibit 2A shows the proposed alignment of Alternative 1.
-3-

Alternative 2 Revised �
Alternative 2-Revised proposes to widen NC 143 from West Buffalo Creek to near the Carver
Cemetery. A new alignment segment is proposed to carry NC 143 to the north and east of the
existing NC 143 from near the Chickalelee Cemetery to near the Graham County Waste
Convenience Site. This alignment includes a new crossing of Santeetlah Lake and will include
horizontal and vertical alignment improvements along existing NC 143 from near the Graham
County Waste Convenienee Site to the NC 143 Business intersection. The alternative will
upgrade NC 143, ensuring that all the vertical and horizontal curves have a minimal design speed
of 35-mph, and widening NC 143 to consist of 11-foot travel lanes and 6-foot wide shoulders
(4- foot paved) in each direction (see typical section 1, Exhibit 4). These improvements meet the
minimum recommendations provided in the NCDOT 3-R Guide for a rural collector. The
alternative will also reconfigure the NC 143/NC 143 Business intersection by rerouting NC 143
on new location to make it the primary through movement. Alternative 2-Revised was developed
as a means to minimize impacts to the Forest Service's Snowbird Picnic area.
The functional classification of the portion of existing NC 143 that will be bypassed between the
Chickalelee Cemetery and the Graham County Waste Convenience Site will be downgraded
from a"rural collector" to "local road" and no longer be signed as NC 143. This means that this
"vacated" section of NC 143 will be improved to meeting the NCDOT 3-R Guide standards for a
local road. The roadway will be widened to consist of 11-foot wide lanes and 4-foot wide
shoulders grassed shoulders in each direction (see typical section 2, Exhibit 4). This section of
the "vacated" NC 143 will not include any improvements to the horizontal or vertical alignment.
E�ibit 2B shows the proposed alignment for Alternate 2-Revised.
Alternative 4A
Alternative 4A proposes to widen existing NC 143 with horizontal and vertical alignment
improvements from West Buffalo Creek to just north of NC 143 Business. The alternative
proposes to upgrade NC 143, ensuring that all vertical and horizontal curves have a minimal
design speed of 35-mph, and widening the roadway to consist of two 11-foot lanes and 6-foot
wide shoulders (4-foot paved), which is consistent with the minimal recommendations for a
Rural Collector in the NCDOT 3-R guidance (see typical section 1, E�ibit 4). The alternative
will also reconfigure the NC 143/NC 143 Business intersection by rerouting NC 143 on new
location to make it the primary through movement.
This alternative also proposes to replace Bridge #370013 over Snowbird Creek using staged
construction, which is identical to the methodology for replacing the bridge in Alternative 1.
E�ibit 3C shows the proposed alignment of Alternative 4A.
-4-

Alternative Im act Table
Resource ` Alternafive l Alternafive 2 Revised r Alternative 4A „;
Streams (linear feet) 4,080 2,710 3,200
Wetlands (acres) 0.14 0.08 0.08
Ponds (acres) 0.4 - 0.4
Trout Buffers (square feet) 88,720 55,930 82,930
Cultural Resources
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indian Tracts
Towayallah Tract (acres) 1.5 3.0 3.0
Ootalkahah Tract (acres) 1.8 2.1 2.6
Elowah Tract (acres) 4.9 5.4 5.3
Collooska Tract (acres) 0.2 0.9 0.5
Total 8.4 11.4 11.8
Tribal lands 3.6 2•6 2•8
NR- Archaeological Sites Impacts Y Z' �'
Other Cemeteries N N N
NRI-II'- Eligible Historic Structures 0 0 0
Community ltesources
Residential Relocations (Estimated) 0 3 1
Business Relocations (Estimated) 2 1 3
Churches 0 0 0
Hazardous Material Sites 1 0 1
US Forest Service �2esources
Property Impacts (acres) 39.8 41.8 37.4
Santeetlah Bike Trail (linear feet) 1,230 630 480
Long Hungy Road Camping Area N N N
Snowbird Picnic Area Y N �'
Cultural Resources
Historic Architectural Resources
Field surveys of the project's area of potential effect were conducted in February 2013. No
properties listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places were found.
Archeolo�ical Resources
Archaeological surveys were performed for the project in June and July of 2012. The surveys
identified four new archaeological sites and three previously identified sites. All three build
alternatives would impact one of these sites, which was recommended eligible for listing on the
National Register of Historic Places.
Cemeteries
Although there are three known cemeteries within the project study area, these cemeteries are not
considered eligible for listing on the National Register and none would be impact by the
proposed improvements.
-5-

Endangered Species
As of September 2018, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists 10 federally
listed species protected under the ESA and the Bald Eagle protected under the BGEA for
Graham County. Biological conclusions for federally protected species are shown in the below
table. The US Fish and Wild Service will be consulted on all determinations other than "no
effect" to ensure their concurrence with determinations.
Federally Listed Species for Graham County
_ _ _ _ _..__
' Habitat ` Biological ' '
Scientific Name ' Common Name �p.resent ` Federal Conclusion
., , ___ Status
Alasmidontaraveneliana A alachianElktoe No E NoEffect
Clemm s muhlenber 'i Bo turtle No T S/A Not Re uired
Glaucomyssabrinus coloratus Carolina No E No Effect
northern flying
Myotisgrisescens GrayBat Unlmown E Unresolved
Myotisspetentrionalis Northernlong- Yes .I, MA-NLAA
eared bat
Myotis sodalist Indiana bat Yes E Unresolved
Gymnoderma lineare Rock gnome lichen No E No Effect
Bombus affinis Rusty-patched No E Not required
bumble bee
Spotfin chub No Unresolved
Erimonax monachus T
(turquoise
Spiraeavirginiana Virginia spiraea Yes T � � � � '7Vo Effect� �� � �
Euryceajunaluska Junaluskasalamander Unlmown FSC Unresolved
Cryptobranchusalleganiensis Hellbender Unlrnown ARS Unresolved
Desmognathus aeneus Seepage salamander Unlmown ARS Unresolved
Erimonczx monachus Spotfin chub Unlmown T Unresolved
Nothoceros aenigmaticus A Hornwort Unlrnown FSC Unresolved
Plagiochilacuduciloba ALiverwort Unlmown FSC Unresolved
Plagiochila virginica var. caroliniana A Liverwort Unlmown FSC Unresolved
Plagiochila sharpii A Liverwort Unlmown ARS Unresolved
Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii A Liverwort Unlmown FSC Unresolved
Porellawataugensis ALiverwort Unlmown FSC Unresolved
ARS = At Risk Species; FSC = Federal Species of Concern; E= Endangered; T= Threatened; T(S/A) = Threatened, similarity of appearance;
MA-NLAA = May aTIect, not llkely to adversely aYYect
Evaluation
The decision whether to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of the probable impacts,
including cumulative impacts, of the proposed activity on the public interest. That decision will
reflect the national concern for both protection and utilization of important resources. The benefit
which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the proposal must be balanced against its
reasonably foreseeable detriments. All factors which may be relevant to the proposal will be
considered including the cumulative effects thereof; among those are conservation, economics,
aesthetics, general environmental concerns, wetlands, historic properties, fish and wildlife
�

values, flood hazards, flood plain values (in accordance with Executive Order 11988), land use,
navigation, shoreline erosion and accretion, recreation, water supply and conservation, water
qualiry, energy needs, safety, food and fiber production, mineral needs, considerations of
propeRy ownership, and, in general, the needs and welfare of [he pcople. For activities involving
the discharge of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, the evaluation of the
impact of the activity on the public interest will include application of the Environmental
Protection Agency's 404(b)(I) guidelines.
Compensatory Mitigation
The purpose ofcompensatory mitigation is to offset unavoidable functional losses to the aquatic
environment resulting from project impacts to waters of the United States. NCDOT will
investigate potential on-site stream and weYland mitigation opportunities once a preferred
alternative has been chosen. Ifon-site mitigation is not feasible, or a sufficient amount of
mitigatio❑ is not available on-site, mitigation will be provided by the NC Division of
Mitigation Services (NCDMS).
Commenting Information
The Corps of Engineers is soliciting comments &om the public; Federal, State and local agencies
and officials, including any consolidated State Viewpoint or written position of the Governor;
Indian Tribes and other interested parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of this
proposed activity. Any comments received will be considered by the Corps of Engineers to select
the least environmentally damaging practicable alternativc (LEDPA) for this proposal. To make
this decision, comments are used to assess impacts on endangered species, historic properties,
water quality, general environmental effects and the other public interest factors listed above.
Comments are used in the preparation of a Corps of Engineers Environmental Assessment (EA)
and/or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA). Comments are also used to determine the need for a public hearing and to
determine the overall public interest ofthe proposed activity.
NCDOT is holding a public meeting for this project on December 1 1, 2018. Details for the
meeting will be posted at this link up to two weeks before the meeting
https'//www ncdot gov/news/public-meetings/Pages/default as�. Additionally, Mr. Joshua
Deyton ofNCDOT can be contacted at jbdevton�a ncdot.gov, or 828-586-2141 for the location
and other details for the meeting.
The oppoRunity [o submit written comments or questions will also be provided. The Corps will
receive a copy of the public comments.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as oudined above, will be received by the
Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, until Spm, December 20, 2018. Written comments
should be submitted to Ms. Crystal Amschler, US Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville
Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006, telephone
828-271-7980, ext. 423 L Written comments can also be submitted by email to
crvsta I.c. amschler(c��usace.army. mi I.
-7-

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NC 143 Improvements
From West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Graham County EXHIeIT 1: ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
TIP R-2822B

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������ From West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Graham County EXHI6IT 2A: ALTERNATNE 1
TIP R-2822B

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I,g�,,, From West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Graham County EXHIBIT 2B: ALTERNATIVE 2-REVISED
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. �
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� GENEP Si0flE8�E ;�
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.� S -'i�tg a'j� � r ��� � ��g�,e .
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LEGEND � .. ' - i°`-^^.c� c.x� . �..
QProleiSaaYMee . � _�- - 1 . .. _� � rus'
• Britl9es ' .N�, . H° � " �
� VJas�e Disposal Convenlenca Si�o � � .��C �'� ,� � � � �!� " , c i ne � � �
,/. END .,..
{ � ( PROJEC
� Above Ground Storege Tenk 1� � q , .�,r, 4� � �` j/�.� � . � �
N San�ee�lah Lake Bike Trail ;� � . � � � � .\ - � , � � . �-,
sr..� • i .. Q� '. .�-:
;J Tribal Lands � .� � � � � } �'
1i eeci r�sc�s - ,�\ . � +A�'`r '�aw �3. � �, .:;ir. � � �
n USFSResources �t c *ea� � �•"�' \. �� /`y"� l
- • m
'.:'.• National Forest Lantls , . _ `�"m 1 .. � �' � �• .i- '.�� ...F�„' ..,,,, y r+
S'� Water Reaoumes � � o '- � `i'
f WetlanOs � � _'} .�+y,+- yt,�. nrt :�6..
NEzistin9Roatls . ' i�.�.. �.yF r+�� l���. � j..;�„5 � 1 f^:
Allemalive4A . •.-. �`'•. / ' • '. > ' �„
Altemative 4A' Constmcllon Limih �� Fetl � _ -_.. - _ t _. —�_ � ��
� C 500 1 p�0 1 500 2 000 1 ' - r� L�
NC 1431mprovements
' i From West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Greham County EXHIBIT 28: ALTERNATIVE 2-REVISED
�;`
TIP R-2822B

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i'rt 5I /�
� USFS Resources ' � ' '� e -- x �' : � t - `I � . / .a i� .- '.
tti Cemeleries �: .: � �: '•.' .1 t-.AyT� �.f� " •�i �r �.� 1' _ "�� �."
..M �1..� �� ,�y.r.+°"`�Y �'�/ � _
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��� '�X
N Santee�lah Lake Bike Trail - p '���W+ �� � � � r '; y� �^ - _ ,
r: , Y
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I'b2IL2lI(IS . ' �• �. �b�}
,("„} NetonalFores�Lantls � � .^���'uy� �� �� 1 �'�� �
Ex sl ProPerty Llne _ _ F � . �sY.�y � � q-, � � ` � L } � � _
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a
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Al�ema�ive4A ' �—. , � ; � E�. p , � � '" s�'� "
Altemative 4A Constmdion LimTs � — � � � "�� x �4 �� f x �� + - � x'b r,r ..
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`"� `" NC 143 Improvements
'� '�'i
�
i, �e� fromFrom West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Graham County
"eM TIP R-28226
EXHIBIT 3A: COMBINED ALTERNATIVES

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" . . , . . �� ��{fi" � ✓ � - . _ -� Prolect Slutly Area
. � A� 1
n USFS Resources
n ' ^ � �/ .�yq� i .w. �TkM1�'�� ttt Cemeteries
.{' = �. . �-r. � .7 i �y� '� � . , ..
�w f-+": ' ' �D � ��i x1M ������Y� � ' {i Churches
� '�?� . r � ' R . � '' ,� .,�i �y.. �, �Xa � y. � d��. -'' '�/ San�eellah Lake Bike Treil
�. ' � , y�,��,y(, �I i , a' � ., r� , -
P�",✓ � � �'� � �. � ,�:.. � �,y� �}^' � 'P � <-' EBCITracis
��2� � � ..�"�k,'_` is�' !j A � �� r; '1�,� ;�f����....�� Y'�•ff i , �p3:%� k,�r '�'y�„1. Tribal Lantls
- ' ��'�1 a��y,{!�� � , � . � ^� �;�!t- ��s�J�� '-ri�`;� ¢,u3 � :� NalionalForesiLantls �
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>� r'`� ���, �- '`� yR'�%�'11 <� ,.���si ` � weua�a
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e � � � � ' Sireams
_ }y . � . _ ��'� � ,i' HuiltlAltematives
. �{d t " � ss"'� { � � - ✓� -�l 4' � .
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NC 143 Improvements
�'� fromFrom West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Graham Count EXHIBIT3B: COMBINEDALTERNATIVES
�: i
TIP R-2822B

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LEGEND "4 � �3.q� �� . � , �:�'a a.t � �'s r a .r �. a �s �� �. . ; �:�
� . .�` t v� � r ) �d[�1
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i �. r a'b-r ;',.a� '� �1
tit Cemetenes � �+� a t�� ��� : ti r > ..�. � � `+ _ �I.[ll�,�pi�r.. -
•a/ ���.r�., - .. �
{i C�urcM1es "' 3 f.� �
.r9" �
�� S3nlee�lah Lake Bika irall Y'.: � � �t
J q �
ARi. EBCI Tratls \ ��,� ' I ry�A �
' � Tr bal LdOds " � . _ f � � � ��� ➢ J ' y'a
/y ` f ,9
� National Forest Lantls ��� � _ � „�'� � ' � � �i .3 �v_
Exist Property Llne �jt `�• � �y�� � �
K Weuana , �t�_ ���r ' / <.'+�.I� d�`�F.'" .,Kw. +C .�:'yy.',1 .
t
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NSVeems � ' t' _]iN� 1� f �. '".% �� �i '�.�•�
Build Alternatives � ��� '' T � 'f�x `� y ti� ; a � ; � �� .
/�/Al�emativet � � �.� � J:.� F, �'��
Alteroative 1 C slmcton Linits "� '� �� ��
�� 4 Cry�/, � s�'r
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AlternatveaA �3.-S�t�+�yx,+� � r� � YF,��!•.1 .� . 1• ,J �, i
Alterna�ive 4A Cons�mcbon Limi�s �. � � � � � �., f i � r t { �
� fjl' S �O�{ Y� LY.
. a ry��•,,- ;��� 'f' Y' �.�.. 4^N _ iv`f�.a.... i
� lv� l
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i�,! fromFrom West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Graham County EXHI81T3Q COMBINEDALTERNATIVES
\«„o. ..,�' TIP R-2822B

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LEGEND
d PmlectSWtlyArea
� USFS Resoumes
itt Cemeteries
d cn�«nes
/�/ Santeetlah Lake 8ike Trail
K EaCI Tracis
� Tri�al Lantls
(-„"�, National Porest Lantls
Exist Properry Line
K Wetlantl
N Sireams
Builtl Alternatives
N A�temative 1
Alternative 1 Constmdion Limits
NA��ernative 2-Revisetl
Altemative &Revisetl Conslmction �_iru���.
Allemative 4A
Nlema�ive 4A Constmc�ion Limi�s
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` ��, NC 143 Improvements
', J`'�''i fromFrom West Buffalo Creek to NC 143 Business in Greham County EXHIBIT 3D: COMBINEDALTERNATNES
._ " TIP R-28226