HomeMy WebLinkAbout20061109 Ver 1_CAMA Application_20060718CASE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostolscience.com
July 17, 2006
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
N.C. Division of Water Quality
1650 Mail Service Center Phone (919) 733-1786
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650 Fax (919) 733-2260
Re: 401 Water Quality Certification
Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment [CSE 2205-2206-2207]
Towns of Emerald Isle, Indian Beach, and Pine Knoll Shores, Carteret County
Dear Ms. Karoly:
Please find information requested for the referenced 401 Water Quality Certification. As requested on
July 11, 2006, five complete sets of the CAMA Major Permit application and associated maps
are enclosed.
j These copies should make the 401 Water Quality Certification complete and expedite the remaining
permit process.
Please call me if you have any questions or need additional information.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIE E & ENG RING
W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Principal Engineer
Enclosures
CC: Frank Rush, Town Manager, Town of Emerald Isle
Beverly Bigley, Town Administrator, Town of Indian Beach
Betty Carr, Town Administrator, Town of Pine Knoll Shores
Rudi Rudolph, Shore Protection Manager, Carteret County
Tim Kana, President, Coastal Science and Engineering
Jul. i a 2ooe
ULNR • WAlefe QUsLl'TY
WETLANDS AND STORfyWATER OMNgm
C) CP- I 1 p °i
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 - TEL 252-222-0976 - FAX 252-222-0967 - EMAIL cse@coostaiscience.com
May 24, 2006
Mr. Charles Jones, Director
N.C. Division of Coastal Management
400 Commerce Avenue Phone (252) 808-2828
Morehead City, North Carolina 28557 Fax (252) 247-3330
Re: Major CAMA Permit Application
Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment [CSE 2205-2206-2207]
Towns of Emerald Isle, Indian Beach, and Pine Knoll Shores, Carteret County
Dear Mr. Jones:
Please find the Major CAMA Permit application documents for the referenced project. Included with the
application is a check for $475.00.
Your review of these documents for completeness at your earliest convenience is greatly appreciated.
Please call me if you have any questions or need additional information.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Forman, Jr., P.E.
rincipal Engineer
Enclosures
CC: Frank Rush, Town Manager, Town of Emerald Isle
Beverly Bigley, Town Administrator, Town of Indian Beach
Betty Carr, Town Administrator, Town of Pine Knoll Shores
Q?@Zk?oe?p
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JUL 1 8 2006
DENR - WATER QUALITY
WETL DS AND STORMMTER BRANCH
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15SE
C O A S T A L S C I E N C E & E N G I N E E R I N G
PO DOY. 1643 MOREHEAD CITY 14C 28557 - TEL 252-222-0976 - FAX 252-222-0967 - EMAIL cse@coestalsdence.com
May 24, 2006
Town of Emerald Isle
7500 Emerald Isle Drive
Emerald Isle, NC 28594
Town of Pine Knoll Shores
100 Municipal Circle
Pine Knoll Shores, NC 28512
Town of Indian Beach
PO Box 306
Salter Path, NC 28575
NC Division of Coastal Management
Morehead City Regional Office
400 Commerce Avenue
Morehead City, North Carolina 28557
TEL: 252-354-3424
FAX: 252-354-5068
TEL: 252-247-4353
FAX: 252-247-4355
TEL: 252-247-3344
FAX: 252-247-0513
TEL: 252-808-2808
FAX: 252-247-3330
RE: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment [CSE 2205-2206-2207]
Towns of Emerald Isle, Indian Beach, and Pine Knoll Shores, Carteret County
Authorized Agent Agreement
To Whom it May Concern:
This is to inform you that James W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. and Coastal Science & Engineering are
the Authorized Agent for the above-referenced project. Mr. Forman is authorized to act on behalf
of the applicant on matters related to the CAMA Major permit and related federal permits.
Please call me if you have any questions or need additional information.
Sincerely,
Frank Rush Betty Carr U 7"_
Town Manager, Town of Emerald Isle Town Administrator, Town of Pine Knoll Shores
64X
Beverly Bigley
Town Administrato own of Ii ' n ach
Personal Account Information Redacted
Major CAMA Permit Application
Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia
Beach Nourishment
Carteret County
May 24, 2006
Proposed by:
Town of Emerald Isle, Town of Pine Knoll Shores,
and Town of Indian Beach
Carteret County, North Carolina
Prepared for:
North Carolina Department of Environment &
Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
400 Commerce Avenue
Morehead City, North Carolina 28557
Prepared by:
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
P. O. Box 1643
Morehead City, North Carolina 28557
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT
TOWNS OF EMERAL ISLE, INDIAN BEACH, AND PINE KNOLL SHORES
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION
Contents
DCM MP - 1 Application
DCM MP - 2 Excavation and Fill
Narrative Description of Project
Introduction
Project Description
Methods of Construction
Purpose and Need
Environmental Protection
Sediment Compatibility
Stormwater Management
Compliance with Carteret County and CAMA Land Use Plan
Compliance with the N. C. Environmental Policy Act
Construction Easements
References
Application Drawings
Sheet 1 Project Location Map
Sheet 2 Reaches 1 & 2, Emerald Isle
Sheet 3 Reaches 3, 4, & 5, Indian Beach & Pine Knoll Shores
Sheet 4 Borrow Area, Core Locations & Bathymetry
Sheet 5 Borrow Area Cross Sections, A-A' & B-B'
Sheet 6 Borrow Area Cross Sections, C-C' & D-D'
Sheet 7 Typical Fill Sections, Emerald Isle
Sheet 8 Typical Fill Sections, Emerald Isle
Sheet 9 Typical Fill Sections, Salter Path / Indian Beach
Sheet 10 Typical Fill Sections, Pine Knoll Shores
Sheet 11 Beach and Potential Borrow Area, Sediment Characteristics
Sheet 12 Beach and Potential Borrow Area, Sediment Characteristics
Attachments
Attachment 1 Biological Opinion for the Use of Hopper Dredges
Attachment 2 Hopper Dredge Protocol for Atlantic Coast
Authorized Agent Agreement
Form DCM-MP-1
APPLICATION
1. APPLICANT
c. Project Name (if any) Bogue Banks Post-O helia
Beach Nourishment
a. Landowner: Town of Emerald Isle
Name: Frank Rush, Town Manager
Address: 7500 Emerald Isle Drive
City: Emerald Isle State: NC
Zip: 28594 Day Phone (252) 354-3424
Fax: (252) 354-5068
Landowner: Town of Pine Knoll Shores
Name: Betty Carr, Town Administrator
Address: 100 Municipal Circle
City: Pine Knoll Shores State: NC
Zip: 28512 Day Phone (252) 247-4353
Fax: (252) 247-4355
Landowner: Town of Indian Beach
Name: Beverl?Bigley, Town Administrator
Address: P.O. Box 306
City: Salter Path State: NC
Zip: 28575 Day Phone (252) 247-3344
Fax: (252) 247-0513
b. Authorized Agent
Name: James W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Coastal Science& Engineering
Address: P.O. Box 1643
City: Morehead Citv State: NC
Zip: 28557 Day Phone (252)222-0976
Fax: (252)222-0967
2. LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
a. County: Carteret
b. City, town, community or landmark
Emerald Isle, Pine Knoll Shores
and Indian Beach
c. Street address or secondary road number
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
jurisdiction? X Yes No
Within city above MHW; owned by state below
MHW
e. Name of body of water nearest project (e.g. river,
creek, sound, bay)
Atlantic Ocean
3. DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE OF
PROPOSED PROJECT
a. List all development activities you propose (e.g.
building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead, pier, and
excavation and/or filling activities).
Excavation and filling by dredge and pipeline, beach
nourishment
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an existing
project, new work or both?
Maintenance of existing-project
c. Will the project be for public, private or commercial
use?
Public use
d. Give a brief description of purpose, use, methods of
construction and daily operations of proposed project. If
more space is needed, please attach additional pages. See
attached under Project Description.
Form DCM-MP-1
4. LAND AND WATER
CHARACTERISTICS
a. Size of entire tract- Approximately 54,658 linear
feet of ocean beach
b. Size of individual lot(s) N/A
c. Approximate elevation of tract above MHW or
NWL. MLW to +7 ft NGVD
d. Soil types(s) and texture(s) of tract
Beach Sand
e. Vegetation on tract: Primary and secondary dune
vegetation.
f. Man-made features now on tract
Dune walkovers, seawalls, and fishing piers
g. What is CAMA Land Use Plan land classification
of the site?
Emerald Isle
Conservation Transitional
X Developed Community
Rural Other
Pine Knoll Shores
Conservation Transitional
X Developed Community
Rural Other
Indian Beach
Conservation Transitional
X Developed Community
Rural Other
h. How is the tract zoned by local government?
N/A
i. Is the proposed project consistent with the
applicable zoning? N/A
j. Has a professional archeological assessment been
done for the tract? X Yes No
If yes, by whom? Tidewater Atlantic Research Inc.
Attached
k. Is the project located in a National Register Historic
District or does it involve a National Register listed
or eligible property?
_Yes X No
1. Are there wetlands on the site? _Yes X_No
-Coastal (marsh) -Other
If yes, has a delineation been conducted?
(attach documentation, if available)
in. Describe existing wastewater treatment facilities.
All Bowe Banks wastewater treatment by on-site
systems.
n. Describe the location and type of discharges to
waters of the state. (For example, surface runoff,
sanitary wastewater, industrial /commercial effluent,
"wash down", and residential discharges).
Dredge slurry discharge of approximately 75% water
and 25% sand.
o. Describe the existing drinking water supply source.
Potable water in Emerald Isle. Pine Knoll Shores, and
Indian Beach are provided by municipal and private
water utilities.
5. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In addition to the completed application form, the
following items must be submitted:
A copy of the deed (with state application only) or
other instrument under which the applicant claims
title to the affected properties. If the applicant is not
claiming to be owner of said property, then forward a
copy of the deed or other instrument under which the
owner claims title, plus written permission from the
owner to carry out the project.
• An accurate dated work plat (including plan view
and cross-sectional drawings) drawn to a scale in
black ink on an 81/2" by 11" white paper. (refer to
Coastal Resources Commission Rule 710203 for a
detailed description).
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue line
prints or other large plats are acceptable only if an
adequate number of quality copies are provided by
applicant. (Contact the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers regarding that agency's use of larger
drawings). A site or location map is a part of plat
requirements and must be sufficiently detailed to
guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to
the site. Include highway or secondary road (SR)
numbers, landmarks, and the like.
• A Stormwater Certification, if one is necessary
A list of names and complete addresses of the
adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners and the
signed return receipts as proof that such owners
have received a copy of the application and plats by
certified mail. Such landowners must be advised
that they have 30 days in which to submit
comments on the proposed project to the Division
of Coastal Management. Upon signing this form,
the applicant further certifies that such notice has
been provided.
Name N/A
Address
Phone
Name N/A
Address
Phone
Name N/A
Address
Phone
• A list of previous state or federal permits issued
for work on the project tract. Include permit
numbers, permittee, and issuing dates.
CAMA Permit # 124-01
USACE Permit # 200000362
• A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in
oceanfront or inlet areas.
• A check for $475 made payable to the Department
of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
(DEHNR) to cover the costs of processing the
application.
• A Statement of compliance with the N. C.
Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S. 113A-1 to
10). If the project involves the expenditures of
public funds or use of public lands, attach a
statement documenting compliance with the North
Carolina Environmental Policy Act.
6. CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION TO
ENTER ON LAND
I understand that any permit issued in response to this
application will allow only the development described in
the application. The project will be subject to conditions
and restrictions contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's
approved Coastal Management Program and will be
conducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in fact,
grant permission to representatives of state and federal
review agencies to enter on the aforementioned lands in
connection with evaluating information related to this
permit application and follow up monitoring of the .
project.
I further certify that the information provided in this
application is truthful to the best of my knowledge.
This is the 25 day of May, 2006
Print Name
Signature L? / QL
Town of Emerald Isle
Print Name "S.
Signature ?Z e5
Town d Pine Knoll Shores
Print Naive ? ?
Signature
Town of Indian act
(? -6
Please indicate attachments pertaining to your proposed
project.
X DCM MP-2 Excavation and Fill Information
DCM MP-3 Upland Development
DCM MP-4 Structures Information
DCM MP-5 Bridges and Culverts
DCM MP-6 Marina Development
NOTE: Please sign and date each attachment in the space
provided at the bottoms of each form.
Form DCM-MP-2
EXCAVATION
AND FILL
(Except bridges and culverts)
Attach this form to the Joint Application for CAMA
Major Pennit, Form DCM-MP-1. Be sure to complete
all other sections of the joint application that relate to
this proposed project.
Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation or
fill activities.
Average Final
Existing Project
Access
Channel
(AiLW) or
(NVYL)
Canal
Boat
Basin
Boat
Ramp
Rock
Groin
Rock
Breakwater
Other: Fill
(Excluding
shoreline
Sabilization)
Length Width Depth Depth
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A _
Lai W Y.
N/A
+7ft
54
658 370 -2ft NGVD
3 NGVD and
below
1. EXCAVATION
a. Amount of material to be excavated from below
MHW or NWL in cubic yards. 1,107,560 cy from
ocean borrow area ODMDS.
b. Type of material to be excavated. Medium Sand
See attached under Proiect Description Borrow Area
Characteristics.
c. Does the area to be excavated include coastal
wetlands (marsh), submerged aquatic vegetation
(SAV's) or other wetlands? _Yes X No
d. Highground excavation in cubic yards
None
2. DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED
MATERIAL
a. Location of disposal area
Ocean shoreline of the towns of Emerald Isle, Pine
Knoll Shores, and Indian Beach.
b. Dimensions of disposal area
54,568 LF x 370 LF, approximately 460 acres. See
attached under Project Description Fill Placement on
Beach
c. Do you claim title to disposal area?
_Yes X No
If no, attach a letter granting permission from the
owner. Easements for areas above MHW are being
obtained
Excavation: d. Will disposal area be available for future
maintenance? X Yes No
ODMDS See attached Sheet 4 If yes, where? Future beach fill will be necessary for
maintenance and replacement
Form DCM-MP-2
e. Does the disposal area include any coastal wetlands
(marsh), SAV's or other wetlands?
_Yes X No
f. Does the disposal area include any area in the
water? X Yes No
3. SHORELINE STABILIZATION
a. Type of shoreline stabilization
Beach Nourishment mead Ripr-ap
b. Length 10.4 miles, 54,658 LF
c. Average Distance waterward of MHW
163 ft
d. Maximum distance waterward of MIIWW
221 ft
e. Shoreline erosion during proceeding 12 months
3.9 cy/ft
f. Type of bulkhead or riprap material
N/A
g. Amount of fill in cubic yards to be placed below
water level N/A
(1) R.iprap
(2) Bulkhead backfill
h. Type of fill material
See attached under Sediment ComTatibility
i. Source of Fill material. ODMDS
4. OTHER FILL ACTIVITIES
(Excluding Shoreline Stabilization)
a. Will fill material be brought to the site?
X Yes No
If yes,
(1) Amount of material to be placed in the water
319,980 cy
(2) Dimension of the fill area
54,568 LF x 370 LF
(3) Purpose of fill
Beach Nourishment
b. Will material be placed in coastal wetlands (marsh),
SAV's or other wetlands?
_Yes X No
5. GENERAL
a. How will excavated material be kept on site and
erosion controlled? See attached under Project
Description Turbidity and Methods of Construction
b. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? Trailing suction hopper dredge
c. Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? _Yes X No
If yes, explain steps that will be taken to lessen
environmental impacts.
Town of Emerald Isle Signature
Town of Pine Kno Shores Signature
. Z5.'r'J' "6 A' '?P' ')
Town of Indian Beac nature
May, 25 2006
Date
BOGUE BANKS POST-HURRICANE OPHELIA
BEACH NOURISHMENT
CARTERET COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
The Towns of Emerald Isle, Indian Beach, and Pine Knoll Shores (North Carolina) propose to
place --1,107,560 cubic yards (cy) of beach-quality sand, dredged from the Ocean Dredged
Material Disposal Site (ODMDS), on some 54,658 linear feet of beach along Bogue Banks.
The Towns of Emerald Isle, Indian Beach, and Pine Knoll Shores are located along the Atlantic
Ocean coast of Carteret County (NC) between Bogue Inlet and Beaufort Inlet. Bogue Banks
can be accessed by driving northeast from Wilmington (NC) on U.S. Highway 17 past the
Town of Swansboro to SR 58, then following SR 58 west across the Bogue Sound Atlantic and
Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) to the island. The project site is located on Bogue Banks and
incorporates portions of the shorelines of the Towns of Pine Knoll Shores, Indian Beach, and
Emerald Isle (Sheet 1 of 12).
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed project consists of excavating by hydraulic dredge up to 1,107,560 cy of beach-
quality sediment from the ODMDS, situated -2 miles offshore of Atlantic Beach (Sheet 1).
Shallow excavations (--2-5 ft deep, typical) would be made by hopper dredge and pumped via
submerged pipe to the beach. The FEMA-approved renourishment area will consist of
approximately five reaches totaling up to 54,658 ft (cumulative) along Bogue Banks (Sheets
2-3). The reaches are listed in Table 1.
Sediment would be spread via land-based equipment and shaped into a recreational beach
between the existing toe of the foredune and the low watermark. The beach fill will impact
--460 acres of beach and inshore area. The main fill portions of the project will contain -20
cubic yards per linear foot (cy/ft) of beach (1,107,560 cy total) and will include a flat berm at
elevation +7.0 ft NGVD initially placed 85-145 feet (ft) wide (Sheets 7-10) and extending
seaward to a depth of (-)-11 ft NGVD on a 1 to 15 slope. The fill volume for each reach
varies according to the site-specific erosion losses during Ophelia. A taper 1,000 ft long at
the eastern ends of Reaches 2 and 5, and 500 ft long at all other reach terminuses will tie the
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 1 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
main fill into the natural shoreline at the ends of each reach (Sheets 2-3). Lengths and
volumes for each reach include the planned taper sections.
The beach fill material will be dredged from a borrow area in the ODMDS (Sheets 4-6) that has
been identified by the US Army Corps of Engineers for disposal of dredged material from
Beaufort Inlet and Morehead City Harbor. Preliminary sediment characteristics in the borrow
area from recent borings are given on Sheets 11-12. Material placed on the beach will be
monitored continuously for sediment quality. Monitoring will include visual classification with
confirmation by sieve analysis of representative samples collected on a daily basis. Preproject
sampling of the borrow area is being used to identify areas where sediment compatibility can
be maximized.
Table 1. Preliminary reach lengths and nourishment fill volumes for Emerald Isle, Indian Beach/Salter Path, and Pine Knoll
Shores.
t?f Reach lengths include 500 It taper section at beginning and each end of reach. Reaches 2 and 5 have a 1,000
ft taper at west end of reach and a 500 It taper at east end.
(2) Unit fill volume calculations include taper sections.
(1) Reach (2) Unit Fill Reach
Nourishment Length Project Locality Volume Volume
Reach (ft) Station (cy/ft) (cy)
Emeralii Isle
1 13,604 10--20 Conch Court To Lee Avenue 20.00 262,080
2 14,059 33-45 Gregg Street to 6' Street 23.07 307,080
Total 27,663 21.75 569,160
5 "Indian'' Beach
3 13,389 48--58a 300 It east of 15' Street to apartment 23.17 298
604
complex at east town boundary ,
Total 13,389 23.17 298,604
h U.Pine KnolhShores
4 3,478 62a--65 300 ft east of Murex Drive to 3,700 ft 20.00 59
560
east of Murex Drive ,
5 10,128 66--73a Bogue Shores Club to Middle of 19.22
180,236
Pinewood Road
Total 13,606 19.41 239,796
BOGLE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 2 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
Fill Profile
CAMA Permit # 124-01 and USACE Permit #200000362 outline the original formulation and
data sources for the Bogue Banks nourishment project (Phases 1 and 2 accomplished between
December 2001 and April 2003). Following completion of Phases 1 and 2, CSE (2003a,b)
documented nourishment volumes placed along the Towns of Emerald Isle, Pine Knoll Shores,
and Indian Beach. Hurricane Ophelia impacted Bogue Banks in September 2005. Following
the storm, CSE resurveyed 43 profile lines and documented nourishment volume losses
totaling 1,107,560 cy from the eastern town limit of Pine Knoll Shores to the western end of
Emerald Isle (CSE 2005, letter dated September 28, Post-Ophelia Beach Changes).
FEMA representatives inspected the beach after Hurricane Ophelia, subsequently authorizing
poststorm renourishment totaling 1,107,560 cy under project work sheets PW #38 (Emerald
Isle), PW #39 (Pine Knoll Shores), and PW #40 (Indian Beach). The proposed fill profile and
project dimensions (Sheets 7-10) are based on the FEMA authorization. This volume will
restore the project area (Phases 1 and 2) to prestorm conditions. The renourishment will be
accomplished by adding sand from a nonlittoral source (ODMDS) at generally 20 cubic yards
per linear foot so as to replace the eroded material. The original project (CAMA Permit # 124-
01) was formulated for a longevity of 10 years." The proposed renourishment is intended to
maintain this longevity.
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
The proposed fill will be placed by ocean-going, trailing suction hopper dredge(s) between the
seaward crest of the existing dry beach and the outer bar. Only the profile above high water
is controllable in nourishment construction. Intertidal and underwater portions of the profile will
be subject to natural adjustment by waves. The fill will be placed no higher than +7 ft NGVD
(the natural elevation of the berm).
Work will progress in sections within the borrow area and along the beach. Fill placement
along the beach will typically progress at a rate of 400-700 ft per day. Construction activities
will involve movement of heavy equipment and pipe along -1 mile reaches over a period of 1-2
weeks. Once a section is complete, piping and heavy equipment will be shifted to a new sec-
tion and the process repeated. As soon as practicable, sections will be graded and dressed
to final slopes. Other than at equipment staging areas, beach residents along the project area
will experience disruption due to construction for several days or less.
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 3 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
Land-based equipment will be brought to the site over public roads and will enter the beach
6
at existing permanent beach access areas identified on the permit drawings. Any alteration
of dune vegetation/topography necessary for equipment access will be repaired to preproject
conditions. Daily equipment staging will be on the constructed beach seaward of the dune line.
Existing dunes and vegetation on the beach will be avoided and preserved. Construction con-
tracts will provide for proper storage and disposal of oils, chemicals, and hydraulic fluids (etc)
necessary for operation in accordance with state and federal regulations.
Equipment -Trailing Suction Hopper Dredge
Hopper dredges will dredge material from the designated ocean borrow area. Hopper dredges
typically require -25 ft minimum operational depth and are efficient for excavating shallow cuts
on the order of --2-5 ft. During excavation and loading, the slurry drains overboard via scup-
pers, discharging fine materials in the borrow area and leaving coarser material in the hopper.
When loaded, the dredge travels to a temporary mooring and submerged pipeline near the
project site. It connects to the pipeline and pumps the material from the hopper to the beach
where it is spread mechanically by bulldozers. This is the same type of dredging placement
operation used for construction of Phase 1 and most of Phase 2 of the Bogue Banks beach
nourishment projects completed in winter 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 (respectively).
Construction Schedule
The proposed project involves dredging and placement of 1,107,560 cy of beach-quality sand.
Based on the project experience of Phases 1 and 2, one hopper dredge can excavate and
place on the order of 10,000-15,000 cy in a 24-hour period. The average production per day
varies widely according to transportation distance and specifications of the project. It is antici-
pated that the proposed construction will be accomplished in approximately five months.
Consistent with CAMA Permit # 124-01 and USACE Permit # 200000362, construction will take
place within the previously approved environmental window (November 16 through March 31).
PURPOSE AND NEED
The Towns of Emerald Isle, Pine Knoll Shores, and Indian Beach recognize that oceanfront
properties are a valuable public economic and ecological resource. FEMA has an established
program that provides reconstruction of engineered beaches when severely eroded by hurri-
cane events. The objective is to maintain the protective berm. From an economic perspective,
the need forthe proposed post-Ophelia beach renourishment project is to protect and preserve
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHa/A BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 4 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
the largest portion of the towns' overall economy and tax base. Property damages and dune
erosion during Ophelia were minor along the proposed project area compared with damages
after Hurricane Floyd in September 1999 (CSE 2000). Nearly all walkovers remained intact,
and debris on the beach was insignificant. The purpose of the proposed project is to restore
the width of the protective berm to its prestorm condition so that oceanfront resources will be
protected in the event of another storm.
Project Planning Objectives
During the beach nourishment project, the towns have several objectives that they strive to
meet. Those objectives are summarized as follows:
• Preservation of the environmental, cultural, and aquatic resources of all three towns
and Carteret County.
• Provide an easily accessible recreational beach available to all citizens of the towns
and the county.
• Provide protection of oceanfront property as a resource of tax revenues to the
towns and the county.
• Maintain the economic viability of tourism, the largest industry of the towns and the
county.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Phases 1 and 2 of the Bogue Banks beach nourishment project were conducted under special
conditions for environmental protection as described in the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS 1997) biological opinion concerning the use of hopper dredges (Attachment 1). The
applicants propose to implement the same protection measures as detailed in the South
Atlantic Division USACE Hopper Dredging Protocol for Atlantic Coast (Attachment 2). The
proposed project will use a previously impacted borrow area. This area is designated for use
as an ocean disposal area for dredging of Beaufort Inlet to the Port of Morehead City. There
are no anticipated impacts to this area due to the frequent disturbance by the USACE during
maintenance dredging events to Beaufort Inlet and the Morehead City Harbor.
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 5 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
Cumulative Impacts
The biological monitoring plan for Phases 1 and 2 of the Bogue Banks beach nourishment
project has fulfilled the permit requirements set forth by federal and state governments. Moni-
toring was implemented to document the impact on invertebrates, fish, and endangered plants.
The borrow areas for Phases 1 and 2 were left to adjust naturally and to recolonize while other
areas are being excavated. Fill sections were left to adjust naturally as soon as the required
volumes were pumped into place and confirmed by surveys. The monitoring plan scope
(2001-2005) was as follows:
• Quantify the changes in benthic (bottom dwelling) populations in the borrow areas.
• Quantify the changes in benthic populations along the beach.
• Compare impacted areas of the beach with unrestored areas.
• Obtain semi-quantitative data on fish populations and foraging habitats in the surf
zone.
• Monitor the recovery and population of ghost crabs and turtle nests in the project
area.
• Monitor the occurrence of seabeach amaranth (threatened plant species) in the
project area.
Sampling was conducted twice annually every June and November for five years following the
end of the Phase 3 project in Emerald Isle or until organisms recovered to near or above
baseline conditions. Two monitoring events were conducted by 2001 (June and November)
to set baseline conditions for postdredge monitoring. Coastal Science Associates Inc (CSA
2002) used five quantitative analyses to generate relevant statistical data based on taxonomic
information gathered from the offshore and beach samples:
1) Species abundance - as total number of individuals.
2) Number of species - as total number of species.
3) Mean number of species.
4) Shannon-Wiener species diversity.
5) Evenness - the distribution of individuals among the species.
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHam BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 6 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
The seventh and final spring biological monitoring event for Phases 1 and 2 took place in June
2005. For this monitoring event, comparisons were made between dominate benthic inverte-
brates Emerita talpoida, Donax variabilis, Amphiporeia virginiana, and Scolelepis squamata.
Results of biological monitoring through June 2005 (CSA 2005) are summarized as follows.
Pine Knoll Shores - After the seventh monitoring event species diversity and even-
ness returned to or above predredge (baseline) levels. Numbers of Emerita talpoida
and Scolelepis squamata recovered to near or above baseline levels. Data shows that
Donax variabillis and Amphiporeia virginiana are still below baseline, but are recovering
well.
Indian Beach - Species diversity and evenness decreased slightly since the fifth
postdredging monitoring event, but increased to near baseline levels. Species
abundance are approaching baseline conditions.
Emerald Isle - Compared to previous pre nourishment surveys, species diversity and
evenness have increased to close to baseline levels. Amphiporeia virginiana and
Emerita talpoida are still below predredge levels; however, the abundances are still
increasing. The numbers for Donax variabillis and Scolelepis squamata have
surpassed the baseline showing that recovery is almost complete.
Control Sites - There are six control sites for Bogue Banks. Three control sites are
located in Emerald Isle (stations 1-3). The other three control stations are located in
Atlantic Beach (stations 1-3). Three control sites were monitored for the seventh
monitoring event, two from Emerald Isle (Fairfax & Ocean, control station # 4), and one
from Atlantic Beach (control station # 3). At station 3, data revealed a decrease in
species diversity and evenness since the fifth sampling event. Total number of
organisms increased since the last sampling event due to a spike in the Scolelepis
squamata population. Abundances in the other species have remained fairly constant
throughout the study.
Both Emerald Isle control stations showed a decrease in species diversity and even-
ness since survey five. There was an increase in number of organisms at the three
stations due to spikes in populations from all four dominate species.
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 7 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
Although species diversity, evenness, and organism numbers were below baseline levels, data
suggests that recovery of organisms is continually moving in a positive direction. Biological
monitoring for Phases 1 and 2 confirmed that all species present before nourishment has
repopulated the nourished beach by varying degrees depending on the species.
According to CSA's (2004) fifth postdredge sampling event and report, populations in the off-
shore borrow area indicated increases in the number of organisms, species diversity, and
evenness. Nearshore demersal fish species and numbers varied from station to station, but
still remain at or above preproject numbers.
On the beach, ghost crabs have returned to similar or higher levels than preproject conditions
and the seabeach amaranth have expanded over 100-fold compared with preproject numbers.
Postproject turtle nesting and numbers of hatchlings exceed preproject numbers.
The proposed renourishment will impact 54,658 linear feet of the total length of Bogue Banks.
It will consist of five reaches along -10.3 miles of shoreline length, leaving undisturbed sec-
tions from which recruitment of benthic organisms can occur.
Mitigative Measures
• Construction only during permitted time periods.
• Implementation of endangered species monitoring onboard hopper dredges.
• Implementation of turtle trawling and relocation measures during periods when
water temperature exceeds 571 Fahrenheit.
• Continuation of semi-annual biological monitoring of the borrow areas and beach
along Bogue Banks.
• Daily monitoring of construction.
• Daily sediment sampling and testing.
• Dredging from ODMDS, the ocean disposal site for dredging of Morehead City
Harbor channel. This site is not an undisturbed bottom area.
Turbidity
The project will produce temporary and localized turbidity increases which are normally asso-
ciated with hopper dredging and beach nourishment operations. Because -98 percent of the
excavated material is in the sand size class or larger, it will settle almost immediately and not
remain in suspension. Silt and clay-sized material will be decanted from the borrow material
by virtue of the hopper dredging process. The excess water pumped into the hopper during
BOGLE BANKS POST•OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE S OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
loading flows overboard, taking with it much of the silt and clay-sized material. That material
is discharged into the ocean in the borrow area location. The effect of turbidity levels in the
surf zone is.expected to fall within the natural range of background conditions.
In April 2002, Phase 1 of the Bogue Banks (NC) restoration project involved pumping 1.73
million cubic yards of sand to renourish Pine Knoll Shores and Indian Beach. During this stage
of operations, turbidity was measured along two cross-shore transects (4,000 ft) - one inside
the pumping zone and one away from the pumping zone. Turbidity was also measured along-
shore in the surf zone (3.8 miles) within the project area before pumping started and during
sand pumping (source: CSE, unpublished data, April 2002).
The longshore turbidity measured before pumping provides background data with which to
compare changes in turbidity during excavation. The background turbidity measured between
13.0 and 94.0 NTU with an average turbidity of -50.0 NTU (Fig 1 a). After pumping started, the
turbidity in the surf zone showed a slight overall increase in the longshore direction (measure-
ments averaged -65 NTU) with a sharp increase at the point of sand discharge (>400 NTU)
(Fig 1b). The sharp increase is seen only locally at the point of discharge and is drastically
reduced within several hundred feet alongshore.
The cross-shore turbidity was highest in the surf zone within the project area and quickly
declined seaward of the outer bar to <10 NTU on average (Fig 1 c). Outside the project area,
the cross-shore turbidity was similar to the turbidity inside the project area (Fig 1c). Higher
turbidity was noted in the shallow, turbulent surf zone (70-120 NTU) but quickly diminished
within several hundred feet seaward of the outer bar (-500 ft offshore).
Measurements during Phase 1 indicated that turbidity increases associated with dredging and
beach construction tend to remain localized at the pump discharge area and remain at or near
background levels within several hundred feet of the discharge. During a similar project in
2001-2002, the USACE dredged the lower portion of the Cape Fear River to renourish Bald
Head Island, Caswell Beach, Oak Island, and Holden Beach (NC). Versar (2003) concluded
that turbidity increases associated with beach renourishment tended to remain isolated close
to shore.
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 9 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
FIGURE 1. Turbidity measurements for Bogue Banks Phase 1 renourishment. [Source: CSE, April 2002 unpublished data]
(a) Surf zone background turbidity measured alongshore in the project area before the start of pumping.
(b) Turbidity measured alongshore after pumping had started. Note greater scale compared with (a).
(c) Turbidity measured cross-shore in the project area during pumping (shore is left, seaward is right).
(d) Turbidity measured cross-shore away from the project area during pumping (second peak on left side of graph marks
the location of the outer bank).
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 10 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
SEDIMENT COMPATIBILITY
Sediments on the native beach prior to nourishment were sampled by CSE between 1999 and
2001. This established a native size distribution for purposes of compatibility analyses.
Details are described in the Environmental Assessment for Phases 1 and 2 (CSE-Stroud 2001)
and in CAMA Permit # 124-01. Mean grain size of prenourishment samples (composite) was
0.302 millimeters (mm), standard deviation (sorting parameter) was 0.585 mm, and samples
were coarse-skewed as a result of moderately high percentages of coarse material. The pri-
mary coarse fraction consists of shell fragments, most of which would be termed "shell hash"
because grain sizes of the shell material are typically <2 mm mean diameter. Native samples
from 1999 to 2001 tested --15 percent shell and were classified as medium sand (MS), moder-
ately well-sorted (MWS), and coarse-skewed (C-S). This native size distribution is adopted
for the present project.
Borings in the ODMDS were obtained by CSE in March and April 2006 via divers using a pro-
prietary pump/vibracore system. Sheet 4 gives the location of borings and the bathymetry of
the proposed borrow area (portion of USACE-ODMDS off Beaufort Entrance Channel). Cores
were logged and subsampled for grain-size analysis using sample splits at distinct changes
in lithology. Sheets 11 and 12 provide a summary table of sediment descriptions, including
mean grain size, sorting, percent coarse material, and percent mud. Lab test results for some
borings as well as shell percentages for all samples were not available at the time of this appli-
cation. These results will be submitted in a supplement within 45 days.
The typical sediment type in the ODMDS is medium sand (mean size =0.292 mm), moderately
sorted, and strongly coarse-skewed. About 5 percent of the material is >2 mm in diameter.
The native beach (composite 1999-2001) was typically medium sand (mean size =0.302 mm),
moderately well sorted, and coarse-skewed. A preliminary comparison shows the proposed
borrow area sediments to be similar to native (1999-2001 composite). Using the James 1975
overfill factor (RA), the borrow sediment typically have RA's =1.35.
The applicant is in the process of analyzing additional borings from the ODMDS for purposes
of delineating a smaller subarea for the project and computing a weighted composite of se-
lected cores/excavation depths. A more comprehensive set of beach samples obtained in
2005-2006 is being analyzed for purposes of defining the present "native" beach after nourish-
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 11 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
ment. These samples approximately follow NC Coastal Resources Commissions draft sam-
pling protocols. Results will be provided as a supplement to this application.
Visual observations of the present borings (Sheet 4) indicated that mud content is very low with
only trace amounts seen in nearly every core. One sample (BF2-S2) tested 9.7 percent mud.
Others tested < 3.1 percent mud (Sheets 11-12). The typical color of ODMDS sediments is
light to medium gray.
STORM-WATER MANAGEMENT
No upland improvements, pavements, walkways or other impervious surfaces will be con-
structed as part of the project. No storm-water management or additional storm-water mea-
sures will be required for this project. A letter will be sent to the Division of Water Quality in
Wilmington describing the scope of the project.
COMPLIANCE WITH CARTERET COUNTY ZONING AND CAMA LAND USE PLAN
The beach nourishment project is consistent with the approved CAMA Land Use Plans for
Carteret County, and the Towns of Emerald Isle and Indian Beach. The most recent CAMA
Land Use Plan for the Town of Pine Knoll Shores is consistent with their last approved plan;
the town expects to have the newest plan completed by the late summer of 2006.
The project property is within the planning jurisdiction of Emerald Isle, Pine Knoll Shores, and
Indian Beach. All three towns are classified "Developed" by the CAMA Land Use Plan for each
town and the county.
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT
The Division of Coastal Management has determined prior to the application that review of this
project under SEPA will not be required.
CONSTRUCTION EASEMENTS
Perpetual beach nourishment easements are in place for virtually the entire oceanfront in
Emerald Isle, Pine Knoll Shores, and Indian Beach. The easements were acquired in 2001 and
2002 as part of the financed beach nourishment projects that were completed in the spring of
2002 for the towns. The perpetual easements are for any part of private property that visibly
appears to be a part of the ocean beach strand and is covered with little or no vegetation, is
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 12 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
seaward of the last line of stable vegetation, is within the frontal sand dune, or is seaward of
the erosion escarpment. The easement permits all work necessary to nourish the beach.
However, the towns cannot damage permanent improvements in the easement area but must
work with property owners to remove and replace permanent improvements in the easement
area that obstruct nourishment.
ADJACENT RIPARIAN PROPERTY OWNERS
Robert K. Betz
110 Headlands Ln
Cary, NC 27511
Robert L. Lownes, Sr.
509 Duart Rd.
Lumberton, NC 28358
Marilyn P. Ebken
1811 Holiday Rd
Sanford, NC 27330
Joseph E. Aceto
3432 Indian Hill Dr
Dayton, OH 45429
David W. Stewart
PO Box 25127
Raleigh, NC 27611
Lynn B. Sanderson
HWY 903 S
Seven Springs, NC 28578
Beacons Reach Master Assoc. Inc.
510 Salter Path Rd
Pine Knoll Shores, NC 28512
Brenda S. Jones
2109 Haverford Ct
Raleigh, NC 27614
Lawerance W. Harris Jr.
817 Lassiter Place
Raleigh, NC 27609
James G. Thompson
25 Barrington Woods Blvd
Stafford, VA 22554
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE
PAGE 13 OF 16
MAY 1, 2006
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostolscience.com
June 9, 2006
Mr. Robert K. Betz
110 Headlands Ln
Cary, North Carolina 27511
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
J. W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostaiscience.com
June 9, 2006
Ms. Marilyn P. Ebken
1811 Holiday Rd
Sanford, NC 27330
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
J. W. Forman, Jr., P. .
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostaiscience.com
June 9, 2006
Mr. Joseph E. Aceto
3432 Indian Hill Dr
Dayton, OH 45429
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENG
T. W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostolscience.corn
June 9, 2006
Mr. David W. Stewart
PO Box 25127
Raleigh, NC 27611
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(' /I- J. W. Forman, Jr., P.E./
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostaiscience.com
June 9, 2006
Ms. Lynn B. Sanderson
HWY 903 S
Seven Springs, NC 28578
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
Senior Engineer
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 - FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostolscience.com
June 9, 2006
Mr. Robert L. Lownes, Sr.
509 Duart Rd.
Lumberton, NC 28358
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostaiscience.com
June 9, 2006
Beacons Reach Master Assoc. Inc.
510 Salter Path Rd
Pine Knoll Shores, NC 28512
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
//J. W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
CSE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coosrolscience.com
June 9, 2006
Ms. Brenda S. Jones
2109 Haverford Ct
Raleigh, NC 27614
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
W. Forman, Jr., P.E.
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
SE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostalscience.com
June 9, 2006
Mr. Lawerance W. Harris Jr.
817 Lassiter Place
Raleigh, NC 27609
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
.11 Senior Engineer
GE
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PO BOX 1643 MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557 • TEL 252-222-0976 • FAX 252-222-0967 • EMAIL cse@coostalscience.com
June 9, 2006
Mr. James G. Thompson
25 Barrington Woods Blvd
Stafford, VA 22554
Re: Bogue Banks Post-Ophelia Beach Nourishment
Carteret County, North Carolina
To Whom It May Concern:
In accordance with the requirements of the Division of Coastal Management CAMA Major Permit
Application, a copy of the permit application and supporting documentation for the referenced project is
provided for your information.
If you have questions concerning the proposed project, please contact Mr. J.W. (Bill) Forman, Jr., P.E. of
Coastal Science and Engineering in Morehead City at (252)-222-0976.
Please be advised that, if you have comments concerning the project, they must be submitted to the
Division of Coastal Management within 30 days of this application. Submit comments to N.C. Division
of Coastal Management, 400 Commerce Avenue, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557.
Thank-you for your assistance on this matter.
Sincerely,
COASTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
W. Forman, Jr., P. .
Senior Engineer
Enclosures
cc: Frank Rush, Emerald Isle, Town Manager
Betty Carr, Pine Knoll Shores, Town Administrator
Beverly Bigley, Indian Beach, Town Administrator
Division of Coastal Management, Morehead City Office
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REFERENCES
CSA. 2002 (March). Bogue Banks beach nourishment: June 2001. First pre-dredge environmental monitoring study for
Carteret County, Town of Pine Knoll Shores, Town of Indian Beach, and Town of Emerald Isle, North Carolina. Coastal
Science Associates Inc (CSA), Columbia, SC, 37 pp + appendices.
CSA. 2004 (November). Bogue Banks beach nourishment: June 2004. Fifth postdredge environmental monitoring study for
Carteret County, Town of Pine Knoll Shores, Town of Indian Beach, and Town of Emerald Isle, North Carolina. CSA,
Columbia, SC, 44 pp plus appendices.
CSA. 2005 (November). Bogue Banks beach nourishment: June 2005. Seventh postdredge environmental monitoring study
for Carteret County, Town of Pine Knoll Shores, Town of Indian Beach, and Town of Emerald Isle, North Carolina. CSA,
Columbia, SC, 48 pp plus appendices.
CSE. 2000. Survey report 2000, Bogue Banks, North Carolina. Survey Report for Carteret County, Beaufort, NC; CSE,
Columbia, SC, 32 pp + Appendices I-IV.
CSE. 2003a. Bogue Banks beach nourishment project, Carteret County, North Carolina: 2001 Phase 1-Towns of Pine Knoll
Shores and Indian Beach. Final Report for Town of Pine Knoll Shores and Town of Indian Beach, North Carolina; CSE,
Morehead City, NC, Volumes 1-11.
CSE. 2003b. Bogue Banks beach nourishment project, Carteret County, North Carolina: 2002 Phase 2 - Town of Emerald
Isle. Final Report for Town of Town of Emerald Isle, North Carolina; CSE, Morehead City, NC, Volumes 1-III.
CSE-Stroud. 2001. Environmental Impact Statement, Bogue Banks beach restoration plan. EIS for NC Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management; submitted by Carteret County, NC; prepared by
CSE and Stroud, Sections 1-6 and Appendices A-G.
NMFS. 1997. Regional biological opinion concerning the use of hopper dredges in channels and borrow areas along the
southeast U.S. Atlantic coast. National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, 16 pp.
VERSAR. 2003. Effects of dredged material beach disposal on surf zone and nearshore fish and benthic resources on Bald
Head Island, Caswell Beach, Oak Island, and Holden Beach, North Carolina: interim study findings. Prepared for
USACE, Wilmington District, NC; prepared by Versar Inc, Columbia, MD, Vol I, 54 pp.
BOGUE BANKS POST-OPHELIA BEACH NOURISHMENT PAGE 14 OF 16
MAJOR CAMA PERMIT APPLICATION - NARRATIVE MAY 1, 2006
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ATTACHMENT 1
Biological Opinion
for the Use of Hopper Dredges
(NMFS 1997)
• UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
•44,1:0'Silver Spring. Maryland 20910
R. L. VanAntwerp
Brigadier General, U.S. Army
Division Engineer
South Atlantic Division, Corps of Engineers
Room 313, 77 Forshyth St., S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30355-6801
Dear Brigadier General VanAntwerp;
SEP 2 5 1997
Enclosed is the regional biological opinion concerning the use of
hopper dredges in channels and borrow areas along the Southeast
U.S. Atlantic coast. This biological opinion amends the regional
opinion conducted in 1995, and supersedes the interim biological
opinion issued on April 9, 1997. The opinion recognizes the
efforts of the Corps of Engineer's (COE) South Atlantic Division
(SAD) to minimize sea turtle takes through application of new
technology such as draghead deflectors, seasonal dredging
windows, termination of projects in which high rates of turtle
takes are observed, and elevated staff effort to identify and
resolve site-specific problems. Despite these major efforts and
continuing plans by the COE to improve the effectiveness of the
rigid draghead deflector and to resolve dredging schedules to
reduce the likelihood of sea turtle interactions, NMFS believes
that further sea turtle takes are likely in future years.
However, we believe that these takes are not likely to jeopardize
the continued existence of any species. An annual incidental
take, by injury or mortality of 35 loggerheads 7 Kemp's ridleys,
7 green turtles, 2 hawksbills, and 5 shortnose sturgeon is listed
in the incidental take statement appended to the enclosed
opinion. This annual take level can be monitored over fiscal
years to be consistent with project contracts.
I appreciate your continued commitment to reduce sea turtle
associated with dredging in your Division. COE Division and
District staff have facilitated the excellent working
relationship that exists between our offices within the SAD.
look forward to continuing these cooperative efforts in sea
turtle conservation.
Sincerely,
i a Diaz-So tero
Office Director
Office of Protected Resources
takes
We
Q
4,y"4e ae cef
Endangered Species Act - Section 7 Consultation
Biological Opinion
en
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South
Atlantic Division
Activity-
Consultation Conducted By:
Date Issued:
Background
The continued hopper dredging of
channels and borrow areas in the
southeastern United States
National Marine Fisheries Service,-
Southeast Regional Office
l " C` y^ i
Hopper dredging in channels and borrow areas along the
southeastern coast of the United States during the spring of 1997
resulted in an unanticipated high rate of loggerhead turtle take.
The number of takes quickly approached the incidental take level
established in the regional biological opinion (BO) issued to the
Army Corps of Engineers (COE) on August 25, 1995. A formal
consultation considering the take rates as well as the dredging
locations and conditions was conducted and an interim biological
opinion (ISO) was issued on April 9, 1997 and is incorporated
herein by reference. The ISO concluded that continued hopper
dredging during the 1997 fiscal year was likely to take
additional sea turtles but was not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of any species. The incidental take, by
injury or mortality, of seven (7) documented Kemp's ridleys,
seven (7) green turtles, two (2) hawksbills, sixteen (16)
loggerhead turtles, and five (5) shortnose sturgeon was set
pursuant in the ISO. This modification added 15 loggerheads to
the annual incidental take level, bringing the 1997 fiscal year
total incidental take level to 35 loggerheads.
The history of Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7
consultations on the deployment of hopper dredges to maintain the
depths of southeastern channels is discussed in the August 25,
1995 BO and is incorporated herein by reference. Although no
endangered sea turtles have been taken in any channel.dredging
projects during the 1997 fiscal year, 28 loggerheads have been
taken, including 9 loggerheads taken subsequent to the issuance
of the ISO (Table 1).
1
During 1997, the COE responded to high rates of sea turtle takes
by assessing each dredging project, modifying draghead deflectors
when apparently necessary, conducting relative abundance surveys
and relocation trawling, and ultimately ending a number of
projects prior to completion (Kings Bay, Brunswick Harbor,
Savannah Harbor, Morehead City).
1991 Biological Opinion
,Two hundred twenty-five sea turtle takes, including 22 live
turtles, were documented between 1980 and 1990 in the Southeast
channels despite limited observer coverage in most channels
throughout most of that decade (Table 2a.). Seventy-one of these
turtles were taken in four months of dredging in the Canaveral
ship channel in 1980, the first year in which observers were
required. Twenty-one were observed in over two years of dredging
in the Kings Bay Channel in 1987-1989, after observers were first
deployed on dredges in that channel. Observers were required on
most hopper dredges after 1989. Documented takes of turtles on
dredges in Brunswick and other Southeast U.S. channels indicated
that sea turtles were vulnerable to hopper dredges in all
southeastern channels during warmer months. These observations
resulted in the Section 7 consultation that concluded with a BO
issued on November 25, 1991.
The November 1991 BO was the first cumulative area consultation
between NMFS and COE's South Atlantic Division (SAD) regarding
hopper dredging. The BO considered hopper dredging in channels
from the Canaveral in Florida through Oregon Inlet, North
Carolina. The 1991 BO concluded that continued unrestricted
hopper dredging in Southeast U.S. channels could jeopardize the
continued existence of listed sea turtles. The Opinion
established a reasonable and prudent alternative to unrestricted
hopper dredging which prohibited the use of a hopper dredge in
the Canaveral ship channel, and from April 1 through November 30
in other southeastern channels north of Canaveral. An incidental
take level was established based on assumptions that takes would
be significantly reduced due to limited dredging windows, but
that water temperatures in some years would result in turtle
presence in channels during December and March. Observers were
required on dredges equipped with outflow and/or inflow screening
in March and December. The presence or absence of turtles in
December would determine the further need for observer coverage
into January. The documented incidental take of a total of five
(5) Kemp's ridley, green, hawksbill or leatherback turtle
mortalities in any combination of which no more than two(2) are
Kemp's ridley, or fifty (50) loggerhead turtle mortalities was
set. The Opinion anticipated that seasonal restrictions on
hopper dredging would be adjusted on a channel-by-channel basis
as better information on turtle occurrence was collected.
Additionally, the development and testing of a draghead deflector
was promoted.
1995 Biological Opinion
Between 1992 and 1995, only 16 sea turtle takes were documented
(Table 2b.), including three that were alive when collected
during dredging operations in the SAD under the dredging windows
established in the November 1991 BO (see above). During that
period COE developed a rigid draghead deflector that appeared to
be effective during videotaped dredging trials using mock
turtles, as well as during experimental dredging associated with
trawling in the Canaveral Channel. COE also completed a study; of
six Southeast channels to determine seasonal abundance and
spatial distribution of these turtles. A discussion of the
findings can be found in the COE report entitled "Assessment of
Sea Turtle Abundance in Six South Atlantic U.S. Channels"
(Dickerson et al. 1994), summarized in the 1995 BO. Based on the
new information, COE requested expanded dredging windows and
observer requirements. NMFS considered their request and
developed alternative dredging windows and observer requirements
and added requirements for the use of hopper dredges in borrow
areas along the east coast.
After 1995, COE districts within the SAD generally required
observers in some channels, such as Kings Bay, throughout the
winter, beyond the new monitoring windows. SAD hopper dredge
projects were initially conducted in the middle of the dredging
windows, when nearshore waters were cool. During 1996, only nine
sea turtle takes, including one green turtle and eight
loggerheads, were documented (Table 2c.). No more than three
takes occurred in any project. The new dredging windows and
draghead deflector requirements appeared to provide good
protection to sea turtles.
Hopper dredging operations contracted for the 1997 fiscal year
were planned for early in the calendar year, however a number of
operations were not begun until late winter. Beginning on March
2, 1997, loggerhead takes occurred in Kings Bay at rates higher
than previously observed. Six turtles were taken in four days of
dredging. While consulting with NMFS regarding this
unprecedented rate of loggerhead takes, a COE specialist from the
Waterways Experiment Station proposed some modifications to the
draghead with the potential to reduce sea turtle takes.
Relocation trawling was also initiated, beginning March 9,1997;
however, as can be seen on Table 2, these efforts did not
preclude further sea turtle takes in Kings Bay. Dredging was
terminated on March 12, 1997, with only 53 percent of the project
completed.
3
Table 1 lists the sea turtle takes observed in hopper dredges
throughout the SAD during 1997, as well as the steps taken by COE
to reduce the likelihood of takes. Deflector dragheads were re-
engineered to fit specific dredges wherever possible and
relocation trawling was initiated. Dredging was terminated prior
to completion of projects in Kings Bay, Brunswick Harbor,
Savannah Harbor and Charleston Harbor. Consultation was
reinitiated to consider the effects of the remaining hopper
dredging projects anticipated for the 1997 fiscal year. In
addition to those specific projects listed in the resulting April
1997 IBO, dredging at Reach II of the Myrtle Beach dredge
disposal area is likely to begin before the fiscal year ends.
Despite ongoing dredging at the Oregon Inlet, no sea turtle takes
have been documented since May 15.
Proposed Activity
This consultation addresses the use of hopper dredges in channels
and borrow areas along the Atlantic portion of COE's SAD within
the existing dredging windows (Table 3). Channels dredged by
ihopper dredges include: Oregon Inlet, Morehead and Wilmington
Harbors, Charleston, Port Royal and Savannah harbors, Brunswick,
Kings Bay, Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Ponce de Leon inlets,
West Palm Beach, Miami and Key west channels. Borrow areas that
may be dredged by hopper dredges include areas off of Dade County
Florida and Myrtle Beach South Carolina.
Draghead deflectors will be used on all projects and observers
will be required at least during those periods identified in
Table 3. Year-round observer coverage will likely be required by
the COE for most channels, particularly those with histories of
high sea turtle catch rates such as Kings Bay. Within the South
Atlantic Division, the COE will try to schedule dredging of the
highest risk areas (Canaveral, Brunswick, Savannah, and Kings
Bay) during periods when nearshore waters are coolest -- after
December 15 but well before March. Priority for winter dredging
will also be given to areas that have substrates that reduce the
efficiency of the deflector (Wilmington Harbor channel, Reach 1
of Myrtle Beach). Completion of all projects during the cold-
water months will be attempted when possible.
Listed Species and Critical Habitat
Listed species under the jurisdiction of the NMFS that may occur
in channels along the southeastern United States and which may be
affected by dredging include:
THREATENED:
(1) the threatened loggerhead turtle - Caretta caretta
ENDANGERED:
4
(1) the endangered right whale - Eubalaena glacialis
(2) the humpback whale - Megagtera novaeangliae
(3) the endangered/threatened green turtle - hglonia mydas
(4) the endangered Kemp's ridley turtle - Lepidochelvs kemRii
(5) the endangered hawksbill turtle - Eretmochelvs imbricata
(6) the endangered shortnose sturgeon - Acipenser brevirostrum
Green turtles in U.S. waters are listed as threatened, except for
the Florida breeding population which is listed as endangered.
Additional endangered species which are known to occur along the
Atlantic coast include the finback (BBalaeno to era physalus), the
sei (Balaeno tera borealis), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus)
whales and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelvs coriacea).*
NMFS has determined that these species are unlikely to be
adversely affected by hopper dredging activities.
Information on the biology and distribution of sea turtles can be
found in the 1991 and 1995 BOs, which are incorporated by
reference. Channel specific information has been collected by
COE for channels at Morehead City, Charleston, Savannah,
Brunswick, Fernandina and Canaveral, and is presented in detail
in COE summary report entitled "Assessment of Sea Turtle
Abundance in Six South Atlantic US Channels" (Dickerson et al.,
1994) and in-the COE Biological Assessment.
There is no significant new information regarding the status of
these species that has not been discussed in the BOs that have
been incorporated by reference (March 12, 1997 and August 25,
1995).
Assessment of Impacts
The Biological Opinion issued in 1991 contained strict dredging
windows that appeared to be very effective at limiting the number
of sea turtles taken by hopper dredges during channel maintenance
dredging in the Southeast U.S. along the Atlantic coast. Between
1991 and 1995, no more than 8 turtles were taken in any year, and
many of those taken were released alive. Studies conducted by
the COE (Dickerson at al., 1994) documented turtle distribution
and abundance in six channels that suggesting the existing
windows were accurate. However, the COE requested expansion of
existing windows to lessen the burden of maintenance dredging
while testing and further developing a rigid draghead deflector
design. The deflector was effective at pushing aside mock
turtles when tested during 1994, and preliminary field trials in
the Canaveral shipping channel had encouraging results. NMFS
considered this new information, presented by the COE in a
biological assessment forwarded to NMFS in November 1994. The
resulting BO, issued August 25 1995 expanded dredging windows and
modified observer requirements.
5
Only 9 sea turtle takes were documented in 1996, suggesting that
the expanded dredging windows and the deflector requirements
provided protection to sea turtles that was similar to the
previously more-restrictive windows. However, the COE's internal
policy resulted in conduct of most of the hopper dredging
projects during months when coastal waters were still cold,
consistent with the previous dredging. The increased rate of
take observed during 1997 and discussed below suggests that the
restriction of hopper dredging to months when nearshore waters
are cold remains the best method for minimizing sea turtle takes.
Unfortunately, a number of dredging projects contracted for early
1997 in the SAD but not restricted to mid-winter months, were .
delayed into the Spring. This delay coincided with a
unseasonably warm winter, when the waters of Kings Bay reached
60°F in early March. The incidental take of nine loggerheads in
Kings Bay over only 11 days of dredging indicated that the
nearshore abundance of loggerheads was high, apparently higher
than during the late 1980's when observers were first deployed on
hopper dredges in Kings Bay.
There were other indicators of high nearshore sea turtle
abundance along the Southeast U.S. Atlantic coast during 1997.
Commercial shrimp trawling conducted without the use of turtle
excluder devices (TEDs) offshore of South Carolina and Georgia
between May 15 and July 15 resulted in sea turtle catch rates
higher than previously documented. Sixty nine sea turtles were
taken in 29 days of shrimping off of South Carolina, including 65
loggerheads, 3 ridleys and 1 leatherback. Forty-six sea turtles
were taken in 17 days of towing off of Georgia. The sea turtle
catch per unit effort (CPUE) for this operation is about 0.35
turtles per hour of trawling, standardized to 100 feet (30.5 m)
of total headrope length fished. The CPUE (same units) for
commercial shrimp trawling in the 1970s and 1980s reported by
Henwood and Stuntz (1987a) was only 0.0487. Loggerhead turtles
were the predominant species reported by Henwood and Stuntz and
have also been predominantly observed in this study. They
account for most of the increase in overall CPUE. The CPUE for
loggerheads alone has been greater than 0.30 turtles per hour,
while the value reported in Henwood and Stuntz was 0.0456 turtles
per hour. The rates of taking for leatherback and Kemp's ridley
turtles in the Atlantic study area have also been higher than
anticipated.
The high relative density of sea turtles during 1997 may be due
to an unseasonably warm winter or other factors contributing to
annual variations in abundance, due to an actual increase in the
abundance of benthic immature sea turtles in the loggerhead
population, or due to a combination of these factors. Trends in
the status of loggerheads are generally identified at the nesting
beach, when the most accessible life stage, adult nesting
6
females, can be counted. Because they mature at 20 to 30 years
of age, increases or decreases in the abundance of benthic
immature loggerheads as determined by incidental captures in
nearshore waters would not be observed for decades. While
nesting beach surveys suggest that the South Florida population
of loggerheads increased and now appears to be stable, increases
have not been apparent on nesting beaches of Georgia and South
Carolina. Further work on the development of multi-year in-water
sampling sites is needed to identify trends in multiple age-
classes of the loggerhead population.
The COE noted that 14 of the 28 takes that occurred during 1997
were on the same dredge, the Eagle. The high rate of takes,
particularly on this dredge, suggested that the deflecting
draghead was not installed properly or was not being operated
properly. Takes occurred in a number of the 1997 dredge projects
during clean-up. Ridges left behind after the initial dredging
are leveled during clean-up, but the draghead passes over
troughs. Takes occurring during clean-up may be difficult to
avoid since the draghead deflector must remain hard on the bottom
to be effective.
The COE has been conducting meetings between districts within the
SAD to discuss the results of assessments of channel conditions
and dredge inspections. They have determined that the draghead
deflector has not been working properly due to poor education of
the dredge operators on its proper use, and due to poor tailoring
of the deflector to specific dragheads. Increased efforts to
educate dredge operators are planned. Additionally, since fewer
than 10 private hopper dredges operate within SAD, engineers that
have designed the conceptual deflector will be sent to the
dredges to insure that the deflectors are adapted to each
draghead and that the operators understand how to use the
deflector effectively.
CUMULATIVE EFFECTS
"Cumulative effects" are those effe
activities, not involving Federal a
certain to occur within the action
subject to consultation. These are
biological opinions incorporated by
cts of future state or private
ctions, that are reasonably
area of the Federal action
discussed in detail in the
reference.
NMFS believes that the elevated rate of observed sea turtle takes
by dredges in the southeastern United States during March of 1997
was likely due to increased abundance of loggerheads in nearshore
waters due to an unseasonably warm winter. There is no way to
predict whether similar conditions will be encountered in
upcoming seasons. Over the past six years, the COE's SAD has
7
continuously expressed a commitment to minimize sea turtle takes,
and has conducted research and taken repeated steps to further
this goal. Repeated termination of dredging operations due to
high sea turtle takes during 1997 confirms their commitment to
avoid sea turtle takes. Further efforts to educate the dredging
industry and recruit their interest and involvement in avoiding
sea turtle takes are necessary and are planned by the COE.
Additionally, the COE has committed to additional efforts to
improve the effectiveness of the deflecting draghead. The sea
turtle deflector should be tailored to each hopper dredge
draghead and the dredge operators should be fully trained in the
operation of the draghead to ensure proper use and improve
effectiveness. Improvements in operator and deflector
performance are necessary prior to reliance on the draghead as:a
mechanism for reducing sea turtle takes-
NMFS anticipates that the COE's interest in improving the
performance of the deflector, their commitment to limit the use
of hopper dredges in channels of high sea turtle abundance during
periods when nearshore waters are likely to be cold, and their
overall goal of further reducing sea turtle takes during hopper
dredge activities will minimize the interactions of hopper
dredges with sea turtles. However, annual variation in the
abundance of sea turtles in some channels and borrow areas make
it likely that sea turtle takes will still occur. Additionally,
overall increases in loggerhead and Kemp's ridley populations are
anticipated due to TED requirements that have reduced the
mortality rates of benthic lifestages of these species. Lastly,
in some years high levels of hopper dredging activity may be
necessary. For example, termination of projects prior to
completion during FY 1997 may result in an increase in the number
and length of hopper dredging projects necessary for channel
maintenance during FY 1998. Therefore, NMFS believes that up to
35 loggerheads may 7e taken by injury or mortality, as well as 7
Kemp's ridleys, 7 green turtles, 2 hawksbills, and 5 shortnose
sturgeon. These takes are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of these species and the ongoing commitment by the COE
to further minimize takes may reduce the likelihood of sea turtle
takes in the future even if nearshore sea turtle abundances
increase.
Conservation Recommendations
Pursuant to section 7(a)(1) of the ESA,
recommendations are made to assist COE i
adverse impacts to loggerhead, green, an
that result from hopper dredging in the
States. The recommendations made in the
this consultation as well, and therefore
recommendations are given below.
conservation
n reducing or eliminating
d Kemp's ridley turtles
southeastern United
1995 BO are pertinent to
remain valid. Further
8
Because of the possibility of annual variation in water
temperatures, sea turtle abundance, and hopper dredging
demand, NMFS has retained the dredging windows
established in the 1995 BO. However, the COE has
expressed a commitment to deploy hopper dredges during
cold-water periods in channels with high sea turtle
abundance or with substrates that render the deflector
ineffective. NMFS appreciates the COE's commitment to
do this, and recommends that the SAD priority list be
finalized and distributed to the Districts and NMFS
prior to the initiation of dredging during FY 1998.
The COE should work with the dredging industry to
insure their understanding of the importance of sea
turtle conservation and to increase the industry's
interest in minimizing sea turtle takes.
• Greater than 50% of the loggerheads taken in North
Carolina may be from the northern nesting assemblage of
loggerheads. While recent loggerhead nesting beach
surveys did not identify a decline in the number of
nesting females on beaches north of Cape Canaveral,
increases observed in the south Florida nesting
assemblage have not been noted. High sea turtle catch
rates during only the early weeks of the wood debris
clean-up conducted by COE off Cape Fear during 1997, as
well as preliminary work conducted in North Carolina,
suggest that turtles may be abundant in North Carolina
channels primarily during migration into and emigration
out of North Carolina inshore waters. The COE should
work with the NMFS Beaufort Laboratory and the North
Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries to document the
movements of sea turtles off North Carolina during
spring and fall months. Results from these studies may
provide insights into further safe dredging windows to
minimize the likelihood of takes of loggerheads from
the more vulnerable northern nesting assemblage. Summer
windows would reduce the pressure to complete all SAD
hopper dredging during cold-water periods.
The COE should investigate further modifications of the
draghead to minimize the need for clean-up. Some
method to level the peaks and valleys created by
dredging would reduce the amount of time dragheads are
removed from the bottom sediments.
1
Incidental Take Statement
Section 7(b)(4) of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that
when a proposed agency action is found to be consistent with
section 7(a)(2) of the ESA, and the proposed action may
incidentally take individuals of listed species, NMFS will issue a
statement that specifies the impact of any incidental taking of
endangered or threatened species. It also states that reasonable
and prudent measures, and terms and conditions to implement the
measures, be provided that are necessary to minimize such impacts.
Only incidental taking resulting from the agency action, including
incidental takings caused by activities approved by the agency,
that are identified in this statement and that comply with the:
specified reasonable and prudent alternatives, and terms and
conditions, are exempt from the takings prohibition of section
9(a), pursuant to section 7 of the ESA.
Based on the high rate of sea turtle takes observed during of
1997, increases in the Kemp's ridley population, possible
increases in the benthic lifestages of loggerhead populations,
annual variation in nearshore abundance of sea turtles and hopper
dredge demands, the NMFS anticipates that hopper dredging in the
Southeast U.S. Atlantic area of the SAD may result in the injury
or mortality of sea turtles and shortnose sturgeon. Therefore, a
low level of incidental take, and terms and conditions necessary
to minimize and monitor takes, are established. The annual (by
fiscal year) documented incidental take, by injury or mortality,
of seven (7) Kemp's ridleys, seven (7) green turtles, two (2)
hawksbills, thirty-five (35) loggerhead turtles, and five (5)
shortnose sturgeon is set pursuant to section 7(b)(4) of the ESA.
To ensure that the specified levels of take are not exceeded early
in any project, COE should reinitiate consultation for any project
in which more than one turtle is taken within 24 hours, or once
five or more turtles are taken. The Southeast Region, NMFS, will
cooperate with COE in the review of such incidents to determine
the need for developing further mitigation measures or.to
terminate the remaining dredging activity.
Section 7(b)(4)(c) of the ESA specifies that in order to provide
an incidental take statement for an endangered or threatened
species of marine mammal, the taking must be authorized under
section 101(a) (5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972
(MMPA). Since no incidental take in the Atlantic Region has been
authorized under section 101(a)(5) of the MMPA, no statement on
incidental take of endangered right whales is provided.
The reasonable and prudent measures that the NMFS believes are
necessary to minimize the impact of hopper dredging in channels
and borrow areas in the southeastern United States have been
2
discussed with COE. The following terms and conditions are
established, in addition to those identified in the 1995 BO, to
implement these measures and to document the incidental take
should such take occur.
1. The COE's draghead deflector engineer that assistant in this
design design should inspect the rigid draghead deflector annually
to ensure that the deflector has been tailored appropriately to
each draghead. Additionally, the inspector should assess whether
the dredge operator appears to be familiar with the operation of
the draghead deflector and provide necessary training where
appropriate. ,
2. If the rigid draghead deflector appears to be ineffective in
Wilmington Harbor and slows the dredging project such that the
amount of time the hopper dredge will be deployed is increased,
the deflector should be removed from the draghead for that
channel.
3. The COE should develop an educational/training program for
dredge operators to increase their understanding of how the
draghead deflector works and why it is necessary.
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de 2a. sea turtle takes (includes live, injured and killed) observed on hopper dredges
prior to the regional consultation. observers were not required on all
projects until 1989, after which extensive monitoring was required.
Year Project Turtle Takes
1980 Canaveral 50 Cc, 3 Cm, IS Unidentified
Total = 71
1981 Canaveral 3 Cc, 1 Cm, 2 Unidentified
Total = 6
1984/1985 Canaveral I Cc, 11 Unidentified
Total - 12
1986 Canaveral 5 Cc
Total = 9 Kings Bay 1 Cc, 3 Cm
1987 Kings Bay 3 Cc, 1 Cm, I Unidentified
Total = 5
1988 Brunswick 1 Cc
Total 46 Canaveral 13 Cc, 3 Cm, 18 Unidentified
Kings Bay 6 Cc, 3 Lk, 2 Cm
1989 Canaveral 9 Cm, 2 Unidentified
Total = 21 Kings Bay 8 Cc, 1 Cm
Savannah 1 Cc
1990 Canaveral 3 Cc, 5 Cm
Total = 12 Kings Bay 4 Cc
1991 Brunswick 20 Cc, 1 Lk, I Unidentified
Total = 43 Charleston 3 Cc
Kings Bay 1 Cc
Savannah 17 Cc
'c . Caretta caretta, Loggerhead ; Cm . Chelonia mydas, Green turtle; Lk . Lepidochelys kempi, Kemp•s ridley turtle
ble 2b. Sea turtle takes (includes live, injured and killed) observed on hopper dredges
between the November 1991 and the August 1995 Regional Biological Opinion
Year Project Turtle Takes
1992 Port Royal, SC 2 Cc
Total = 2
1994 Canaveral 1 Cm
Total = 8 Morehead City 1 Cc
Kings Bay 2 Cc
Savannah 3 Cc, 1 Lk
1995 Canaveral 1 Cc
Total = 6 Palm Beach 3 Cc, 2 Cm
: = caretta caretta, Loggerhead ; Cm = Chelonfa mydas, Green turtle; Lk = Lepidochelys
umpl, Kemp's ridley turtle
able 2c. Sea turtle takes (includes live, injured and killed) observed on hopper dredges
after the August 25, 1995 Biological Opinion
Year Project Turtle Takes
1996 Morehead City Harbor 1 Cc
Total 9 Myrtle Beach (Borrow Area 2 Cc
Reach 1)
Kings Bay 1 Cc
Palm Beach 1 Cc, 1 Cm
Wilmington Harbor 3 Cc
1997 Brunswick Harbor 1 Cc
Total = 28 Charleston Harbor 5 Cc
Kings Bay 9 Cc
Morehead City Harbor 6 Cc
Myrtle Beach (Borrow Area 3 Cc
Reach 1)
Savannah Harbor 3 Cc
Wilmington Harbor (ocean 1 Cc
Bar)
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ATTACHMENT 2
Hopper Dredge Protocol
for Atlantic Coast
FY'98 - FY'03
(South Atlantic Division COE)
South Atlantic Division Corps of Engineers
Hopper Dredging Protocol for Atlantic Coast
FY 98-FY 03
1. Sea turtle deflecting dragheads will be used at all times.
2. Districts will inspect sea turtle deflecting dragheads
systems to ensure that they are fully operational, prior to
initiation of work.
3. Districts will ensure that draghead operators know how to
properly use the sea turtle deflecting system.
4. Maintenance dredging at Savannah, Brunswick and Kings Bay
Harbors must be restricted to 15 December through the end of
March. Maintenance dredging at Charleston and Wilmington Harbors
must be restricted to 1 December through the end of March where
the sea turtle deflecting draghead system can not be used
effectively. Dredging may begin as soon as mid-November in those
portions of the Wilmington and Charleston Harbor channels where
the sea turtle deflecting draghead can be used effectively. All
Districts will cooperate to ensure that their scheduling of
hopper dredging contracts, does not interfere with this Division
priority work area.
5. Sea turtle observers, inflow screens and overflow screens
will be used during all dredging operations, except for the
months of January and February, which are optional. Variations
from this provision may be granted by Division, but must be
justified from a technical perspective.
`'6. All sea turtle takes will be reported promptly to
SAD-ET-CO/PD and posted at usace.sad.turtle newsgroup on the
Internet.
7. If two sea turtle takes occur within 24 hours, you should
immediately notify the Division POC so that he can initiate
reconsultation with National Marine Fisheries service.
8. If a third take occurs on the project the district will cease
operations and notify the South.Atlantic Division. Continuation
of dredging will occur only after cleared by Division. Upon
taking three turtles, District will develop a risk assessment
along with an appropriate risk management plan, and submit that
to Division for assessment. Generally relative abundance and
relocation trawling would be an integral part of a risk
assessment and management plan. Should a total take of 5 sea
turtles occur, for whatever reason, all work will be terminated
unless other prior agreements had been reached with Division.
0. r
9. If a total of two endangered species of sea turtles are taken
during a project, work will be suspended until further guidance
from Division has been received.
10. Arrangements will be made for appropriate observation of all
species of whales. The hopper dredge must not get closer than
750 yards of a right whale. Jacksonville and Savannah Districts
will contribute their share of funding for the Right Whale Early
Warning System early enough in the year to ensure that this is
not a cause for delay in the program.
11. From Jacksonville District north through Wilmington
District, sea turtle observers will also be responsible for
monitoring takes of shortnose sturgeon. All takes of shortnose
sturgeon must be reported to Division. Should a total take of
three shortnose sturgeons occur, District will terminate hopper
dredging until further guidance has been received from Division.