NC0024406_Other Correspondence_20181022

DUKE 411 Fayetteville St., NC15
Raleigh,NC 27601
ENERGY® 919.546.2439
October 22, 2018
RECEIVED/DENR/DWR
Ms. Julie Grzyb, Supervisor OCT 25 2018
NPDES Complex Wastewater Permitting
NC DEQ/DWR/WQ Permitting Section Water Resources
1617 Mail Service Center Perm'tting Section
Raleigh NC 27699-1617
RE: Belews Creek Steam Station, NPDES Permit NC0024406
Request for Designation as Closed-Cycle Recirculating System
Dear Ms. Grzyb,
This letter is to request that the Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke Energy) Belews Creek
Steam Station (BCSS) be designated a closed cycle recirculating system (CCRS) pursuant to
USEPA's Final Regulations to Establish Requirements for Cooling Water Intake Structures at
Existing Facilities and Amend Requirements at Phase I Facilities, 79 Fed. Reg. 48,299 (Aug. 15,
2014) (codified at 40 CFR §§122 and 125) (the Cooling Water Intake Rule). The NPDES permit
renewal application for this facility, submitted on August 30, 2016, is currently under review by
the Department. Pursuant to 40 CFR § 125.95(a)(2), Duke Energy requested, and the
Department established, an alternate schedule for the submission of application materials
described in 40 CFR § 122.21(r). Until that information is submitted, the Department can, under
the rule, establish interim BTA. A designation of BTA and identification of the BCSS system as
a CCRS for the purpose of the current permit would allow Duke Energy additional time to
complete certain studies already in progress and provide the Department with additional time to
review entrainment and impingement at the facility. As set out in the preamble to the Cooling
Water Intake Rule, when cooling systems involving impoundments meeting the definition of
CCRS, the permitting authority can consider whether additional controls are warranted to
protect against adverse impacts due to entrainment or impingement. 79 Fed. Reg. 48,348. To
facilitate further review, Duke Energy will submit the application information required by the
Cooling Water Intake Rule as set out in the alternate schedule in I(A.)(16.) of the June 29, 2018
Public Notice draft (a requirement that Duke Energy expects in final permit).

DUKE
�►, " ENERGY
Ms. Julie Grzyb, Supervisor
Oct. 19, 2018
Page 2
Cooling System Description
The condenser cooling water (CCW) system at BOSS is a non-contact, CCRS that uses Belews
Lake as a heat sink. Cooling water is withdrawn from the lower portion of the West Belews
Creek arm of the reservoir, passes through the station to remove heat rejected from the
condensers, and is discharged into the upper portion of the West Belews Creek arm of the lake.
Heated water travels back to the Belews Creek arm of the lake via a connecting canal where it
can be reused by BOSS. When BOSS is operating at full power, it has a design capacity to
circulate 1,512 MGD from Belews Lake. Current maximum capacity of the Dan River make-up
pumping station is 26 MGD. Taken together the facility has a design intake flow (DIF) of 1,538
MGD. A site overview is provided in Attachment 1.
Belews Lake is a cooling reservoir completed in 1973 by Duke Power. The lake has a surface
area of about 3,772 acres and a storage volume of approximately 181,664 acre-feet at full pool
water level (725.0 feet). Water levels in the lake vary with a maximum flood water level at
735.0 feet and minimum drawdown level at 720.0 feet. Based on the mean annual lake
discharge of 74.1 cfs, Belews Lake has a retention time of 1,236 days. In order for BOSS to
withdraw cooling water, Belews Lake must be maintained at an elevation of 720 feet. In most
years, the input from the surrounding watershed is sufficient to offset the output due to
consumptive use, evaporation, and releases from the main dam, so no make-up water to the
system is required. In years of drought, the station has the ability to pump make-up water from
the Dan River into Belews Lake to maintain the lake level. This pumping has been carried out
four times, in 2002, 2008, 2009, and 2010. In all of those cases, pumping was implemented
according to temporary authorizations from the Department using a temporary pumping system.
In 2009, the Department authorized the construction of a permanent pumping system, and
operation of the permanent pump station and cooling water intake structure on the Dan River
were authorized by the 2012 NPDES permit. Although it was built before the current Cooling
Water Intake Rule was finalized, the Dan River intake complies with the rule and minimizes
impingement and entrainment by having an approach velocity of less than or equal to 0.5
feet/second at the inlet of the velocity caps, and is equipped with a fish return system and 2mm
fine mesh traveling screens.
Basis for Designation as a CCRS
A "closed-cycle recirculating system" is defined at 40 CFR 125.92 (c). The definition addresses
facilities with CCRS that withdraw from waters of the United States where the impoundment was
constructed for the purpose of providing cooling water for the facility:
Closed-cycle recirculating system also includes a system with impoundments of
waters of the U.S. where the impoundment was constructed prior to October 14,
2014 and created for the purpose of serving as part of the cooling water system
as documented in the project purpose statement for any required Clean Water
Act section 404 permit obtained to construct the impoundment. In the case of an
impoundment whose construction pre-dated the CWA requirement to obtain a
section 404 permit, documentation of the project's purpose must be
demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Director. This documentation could be

DUKE
ENERGY,
Ms. Julie Grzyb, Supervisor
Oct. 19, 2018
Page 3
some other license or permit obtained to lawfully construct the impoundment for
the purposes of a cooling water system, or other such evidence as the Director
finds necessary.
40 CFR 125.92 (c)(2).
Impoundments are further defined and discussed as a closed-cycle cooling system in the rule's
preamble, stating that:
Impoundments are surface waterbodies that serve as both a source of cooling
water and a heat sink. As with cooling towers, impoundments rely on evaporative
cooling to dissipate the waste heat; a facility withdraws water from one part of the
impoundment and then discharges the heated effluent back to the impoundment,
usually in another location to allow the heated water time to cool. Depending on
local hydrology, impoundments may also require makeup water from another
waterbody. Impoundments can be man-made or natural, and can be offset from
other water bodies or as part of a "run of the river" system (the latter are
sometimes referred to as cooling lakes).
79 Fed. Reg. 48,334 (August 15, 2014)
The system at BOSS meets the criteria for classification as a CORS. The BOSS withdraws
cooling water from Belews Lake which was constructed in a water of the United States for the
purpose of providing cooling water for the Duke Power Company (now Duke Carolinas, LLC)
BOSS prior to the Clean Water Act 404 permitting program. As demonstrated in the attached
documents, the Duke Power Company received authorization for the creation of Belews Lake in
February 1970 for the Belews Creek Steam Station. Several references, including those listed
below provided as attachments to this letter, contain numerous statements and commensurate
justification that the purpose of Belews Lake was to be "operated for the recirculation . . . of
cooling water" and is a "cooling lake":
• State of North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources Permit No. 1752
• North Carolina State Board of Health Permit issued January 21, 1970
• North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources Order dated March 27, 1970
• Pollution Control Committee, Board of Water and Air Resources Public Hearing
January 28, 1970
• Duke Power Company Belews Creek Steam Station Engineering Report dated
November 17, 1969
• State of North Carolina Utilities Commission Order dated July 15, 1969
The permit issued by the State of North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources (the
predecessor Agency to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality) authorized
"construction of a 3,863 acre cooling lake on Belews Creek for the recirculation of 1.63 billion
gallons of cooling water per day through a 2,286 mega watt steam electric station."
Furthermore, the North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources Order provided a thermal
variance "for a proposed cooling lake impounded by a proposed dam in Stokes County." The

DUKE
ENERGY,
Ms. Julie Grzyb, Supervisor
Oct. 19, 2018
Page 4
dam was built in 1970, and the lake reached full pool in 1973, although it was substantially full
by 1971, as reflected in the attached USGS topo map.
As also required by the definition, make-up water withdrawals attributable specifically to the
cooling portion of the BOSS cooling system have been minimized. As described above, the
transfer of make-up water from the Dan River in times of drought is authorized by the NPDES
permit. As an initial point, make-up water has not been pumped from the Dan River since 2010,
so the system has operated for the last eight years with zero withdrawals. Duke Energy expects
this to continue for the duration of the next permit term. Further, permit conditions minimize the
withdrawal of make-up water from the Dan River by requiring that pumping not lower the flow in
the river below 110 cfs, requiring that pumping be stopped when Belews Lake reaches 724.5
feet, and requiring that pumping not take place from April 1 through June 30. Cooling water use
by the station is also minimized by operating fewer pumps during cooler months and during
periods of reduced electric demand. Such reductions can be substantial in each year (e.g., 53%
of the annual pump capacity was used in 2003 while 79% was used in 2002 to 2007). While
these reductions are significant, BOSS must respond to demand for electricity and it is not
possible to commit to any specific reduction in pumping at the lake.
Consistent with the purpose of its creation as a CORS and the fact a little make-up flow to the
CCRS is necessary, make-up water withdrawals to the CCRS attributed specifically to the
cooling portion of the cooling system have been minimized.
If there are any questions or additional information is necessary, please contact Joyce Dishmon
at [e-mail] or 336-623-0238. Duke Energy appreciates your
assistance with this matter.
Sincerely,
E. Shannon Langley
Principal Environmental Specialist
Enclosures
Cc: Reginald Anderson — Station manager (w/attachments)
Brenda Johnson (w/attachments) - via email
Joyce Dishmon/FileNet (w/attachments) - via email
Stephen Conner (w/attachments) - via email
Richard Baker (w/attachments) - via email
Michael Smallwood (w/attachments) - via email

State of North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources Permit 1752

Attachment 1—Belews Creek Steam Station Cooling Water System Site Overview
,
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Belews Creek
dower Station Approximate flow
path in Belews Lake
Cooling water ,:,
discharge , Belews Lake
toil! . intake
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND AIR RESOURCES
ROBERT W. SCOTT 5, VERNON STEVENS. JR.
GOVIRKOR „;;Plat*,
M
CHAIRAN
P, D. DAVIS y��AS 'uy � P. GREER JOHNSON
J. NELSON GIBSON. JR. 7`, VICR-CHAIRMAN
WAYNE MABRY as1�}�i N
HUGH L. MERRITT F� •i
RAYMOND S. TALTON
LEE L. POWERS JOSEPH E. THOMAS
J. AARON PREVOST y ' GLENN M. TUCKER
W. GRADY STEVENS H. W. WHITLEY
GEORGE E. PICKETY, DIRRCTOR
IN REPLYING REFER TO: TR«.HOHR 525.3003
WP7OCAW E.C. HUBBARD. Aur. DIRccroq
TRUPHONE 525.200*
RALEIGH. N. C. 27011
P. O. Vox 27045
February 12, 1970
Mr. W. S. Lee, Vice-President
Engineering Department
Duke Power Company
P. 0. Box 2178
Charlotte, North Carolina 28201
SUBJECT: Permit No. 1752
Duke Power Company
Belews Creek Steam Station
Stokes County
Dear Mr. Lee:
In accordance with your application dated November 17, 1969, we are forward-
ing herewith Permit No. 1752, dated February 12, 1970, to Duke Power Company for
Belews Creek Steam Station, Stokes County, for the construction of a 3,863 acre
cooling lake on Belews Creek operated for the recirculation of 1.63 billion gallons
of cooling water per day through a 2,286 mega watt steam electric generating station,
and the discharge of the overflow into Belews Creek, a tributary to Can River in the
Roanoke River Basin.
This permit shall be effective from the date of its issuance until December 31,
1979, and is subject to the conditions and limitations as specified therein.
Also enclosed is a copy of WFC Form 50 "Cost of Wastewater Treatment Works."
This form is to be completed and returned to this office within thirty (30) days
after the project is completed.
One (1) set of the approved plans is being returned to you.
Sincerely yours,
ubbard
Assistant Director
Enclosures
cc: Mr. Charles Dewey
Mr. L. P. Benton, Jr.

NORTH CAROLINA
BOARD OF WATER AND AIR RESOURCES
RALEIGH
PERMIT
For the Discharge of Sewage, Industrial Wastes, or Other Wastes
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina
as amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules and Regulations,
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Duke Power Company
Belews Creek Steam Station
Stokes County
FOR THE
construction of a 3,863 acre cooling lake on Belews Creek operated
for the recirculation of 1.63 billion gallons of cooling water per
day through a 2,286 mega watt steam electric generating station,
and the discharge of the overflow into Belews Creek, a tributary
to Dan River in the Roanoke River Basin,
in accordance with the application dated .... . November 17 19 69
and in conformity with
the plans, specifications, and other supporting data, all of which are filed with the Department of
Water and Air Resources and are considered a part of this Permit.
This Permit shall be effective from the date of its issuance until ,December 31, 1979 , and
shall be subject to the following specified conditions and limitations:
1. This permit shall become void unless the facilities are constructed in accor-
dance with the approved plans, specifications, and other supporting data and are
completed and placed in operation on or before May 1, 1974, or as this date may
be amended by the Board of Water and Air Resources.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of cooling
water as described in the application and other supporting data furnished by the
applicant for this steam electric generating station.
3. The cooling lake and all necessary facilities shall be properly maintained and
operated at all times to comply with the assigned water quality standards or any
variance from such standards as may be approved by the Board of Water and Air
Resources.
4. The discharge from the cooling lake shall not be less than 10.0 cfs at any
time and shall be of such quality as to protect the water quality standards assigned
to Belews Creek below the dam.
5. The Company, at least six months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall
request its extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Board will review the
adequacy of the facilities described herein and, if indicated, will extend the
permit for such period of time and under such conditions and limitations as deemed
proper.
Permit issued this the ,. I,21b day of Febxvati _.. , 19 70
By .& 4*.
E. C. Hubbard, Assistant Director
Permit No. 1752 Department of Water and Air Resources

NORTH CAROLINA
BOARD OF WATER AND AIR RESOURCES
RALEIGH
APPLICATION FOR THE APPROVAL OF PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR
WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND/OR TREATMENT FACILITIES
AND THE
ISSUANCE OF "CO c'dOX CXSI1(XdrOD(ial}t24X%t)XX( "PERMIT" FOR THE
DISCHARGE OF TREATED SEWAGE, INDUSTRIAL WASTES OR
OTHER WASTES INTO THE WATERS OF THE STATE
Filed By: Duke Power Company
(
N-°'•) APPROVED
Box 2178
(Addy*..) NORTH CAROLINA BOARD
Charlotte, N. C. 28201 OF WATER AND AIR RESOURCES
Date 19 12--
Cert. or Permit.No.. .;,L. 1.
WPC No. 1-5144-1-68

November 7, 18 69
TO: North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources
Raleigh, North Carolina
Gentlemen:
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143. General Statutes of North Carolina as amend-
ed, application is hereby made by Duke Power Company
(Name of board, individual or others)
of the Charlotte
(Name of city,village.,town, sanitary district or establishment) in the COUnty
of Mecklenburg , to the North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources for the approval
(Name of county)
of the accompanying plans, specifications, and other data submitted herewith covering the construction
of a 3863 acre cooling lake to serve a 2286 mw fossil-fired electric generating
station in Stokes County (See Engineering Report, revised November 17, 1969, attached)
and for a 'SOratt4lttststkptsaaKxjr<x "Permit" for the discharge of warm wafer
sewage,
from the condensers
industrial waste or other wastes) (sowers or treatment plant)
serving The Belays Creek Steam Station into
(Name of municipality,institution, or Industry,etc.) (Name of treatment plant)
or surface waters of cool incl lake impounded by
(surface or ground waters) (Nome of water course If surface
a darn on Belews Creek
waters; a ground watrota, state water course to winch may gra tributary)
N 938,300; E 1, 698,700 N C Grid Coordinates
(Exact location of point of discharge)
The plans for the proposed works have been prepared by Duke Power Company
(Engtnroertng Firm)
of Charlotte, N. C. . It is estimated that treatment works will provide
(Address)
adequate capacity to serve the Belews Creek Steam Station for
a period of 30 years. at which time it is estimated the average daily sewage or waste flow will not
exceedl .6 bill i ongalions. It is further expected that the treatment works will effect overall reductions in
pollution as follows: B.O.D. (5-day 20°C NA %, suspendesirkolids NA %. total .lidas. NA
coliform bacteria MA 5), and toxic materials • . tlA %. The cost of the prop ndriaa�ucQ;�ct kestimated
to be; sewers c NA , pumping stations $ NA , treatment plant S NA , others
$ l6,,000,QQQ_. The works will be completed and in operation on or before May 1 , iaLk
* 18°F Water Temperature Reduction NA = Not Applicable
The applicant hereby agrees that the proposed works will be constructed in strict accordance with the ap-
proved plans and specifications or subsequently approved changes therein and further agrees to place its opera-
tion under the care of a competent person and to maintain and operate the plant according to the best accepted
practice and in accordance with the plans and specifications approved by the Board.
Signature
W. S. Lee
Title. Vice President, Engineering
Duke Power Company
Mailing Address Box 2178
Charlotte, N. C. 28201 �.
• Specify percentage reduction for roach toxic substance, using additional sheet. if necessary.

Instructions for Preparation of Application for Approval of
Plans and issuance of "Certificate of Approval"or"Permit"
1, Application must be made in duplicate on this form. Failure to do so, or to fill in completely all blank
spaces and furnish all information required will delay the examination and approval of the plans and the
issuance of a "Certificate of Approval" or "Permit".
2. The application must be signed by the Mayor or City Manager of a municipality, the Chairman of a
sanitary district board, the owner or proper officials of a corporation, or the legally constituted board or
commission having charge of the proposed works. The signature of the designing engineer or other agent
will be accepted only if accompanied by a letter of authorization.
3. Plans, specifications and other supporting data must be submitted in duplicate In accordance with the
Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources regarding the preparation and
submission of same.
•
4. The Water Pollution Control Division will expedite the study and review of all applications and plans
relating to-proposed pollution abatement projects as rapidly as possible; however, the applicant should allow
a period of at least 30 days for such study and review after ail documents have been furnished, The applicant
nuvviclatllu awl receiv-
ing bids, awarding contracts and beginning construction of the proposed works.
5. All applications, plans, specifications, and other supporting documents should be addressed to;
.
Water Pollution Control Division
Department of Water and Air Resources r
P. 0. Box 9392
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
A
. v,
,7," H I • ,

SURVEY SHEET
COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND AIR RESOURCES
Post Office Box 9392
Raleigh, North Carolina
Project Duke Power Company, Belews Creek Steam Station, Stokes County
(Name and Location)
Grant No. Permit No. 1752 Date Permit Issued 2- LID
Date of Completion
Design Engineer
A. DESCRIPTION;
(1) Type of Plant
(2) Design Capacity
P.E. Avg. Flow (MGD)
B. CONSTRUCTION COSTS: (all contracts)
(1) Treatment Facilities $
(2) Interceptors, Outfalls & Lift Stations
(3) Collection Sewers
Subtotal $
C. OTHER COSTS:
(1) Technical Services
(2) Legal and Fiscal
(3) Administrative
(4) Contingency
(5) Plant Site and Rights-of-Way
9 Y
(6) Miscellaneous
Subtotal $
Total (all costs) $
D. General Contractor
E. Date Project Completed
F. Data Furnished By
(Name and Title)
G. Data Obtained By Date
WPC #5d
8-1-68

North Carolina State Board of Health Permit issued January 21, 1970

•
.
NORTH CAROLINA
JACOB KOOMEN M D. M.P.H STATE BOARD OF HEALTH
STATS Y1.L'w r”.(c ro•
AND ...(A1P O BOX 2091
W BURNS JONES, JR., M.D M.D . M H. RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLINA 27602
ASSISTANT{TAT(N(ALTN OtOtCTOR
November 18, 1971
Stokes
Rockingham
(Pond No. 1'irsc• County Forsyth )
Guil.Yord
Duke Power Company
General Offices
422 South Church Street
Charlotte, North Carolina 28201
Dear Sir::
Enclosed is your "Permit for Impounding and Mainte-
nance of Impounded Water,"
Very truly yours,
Sidney H. Chief
Insect and, Rodent Control Section
Sanitary Engineering Division
Enclosure
CC: Local Health Department
Soil Conservationist
I
MEMBERS OF STATE BOARD
1MES S RAPER M D PRESIDENT ASHEVILLE BEN W. OAWSEY. 0.V M GASTONIA PAUL P. MANESS. M 0 BURLINGTON
ENOX D BAKER N 0 VICE PRESIDENT DURHAM JOSEPH S HIATT JR , M D SOUTHERN PINES ERNEST A. RANDLEMAN JR B 5 PH MOUNT AIRY
P CLINE. SR , 0 0 S—CANTON J M. LACKEY—HIDAENITE HOWARD PAUL STEIGER. M 0 CHARLOTTE

Pond No. MISCELLANEOUS
North Carolina State Board of Health
Sanitary Engineering Division
Raleigh, North Carolina
PERMIT FOR IMPOUNDING AND MAINTENANCE OF IMPOUNDED WATER
Issued to:
•
Name Duke Power Company, General Offices
Address 422 South Church Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28201
The construction of an impounded water project, described in an ap-
lication for a permit to impound water dated Janu,ry 21 , 19 70 ,
having been completed in accordance with the requirements of the N. C.
State Board of Health, this permit for impounding and maintenance of
impounded water is issued this 18th day of November , 19 71 .
Section P. of Regulation No. 32 of the Regulations of the N. C.
State Board of Health Governing the G4ntrol of Communicable Diseases, a
copy of which is attached and forms a part of this permit, shall be ob-
served except provisions thereof as may be specifically waived in writ-
ing. This permit shall remain in force so long as the holders thereof
maintain the impounded water in a condition which does not render it a
menace to the public health.
Jacob Koomen, M.D., M.P.H.
State Health Director
BY ..! �i�l. _. l (Z.1/
Sidneyff. Usry, Ch ef,
Insect and Rodent Control Section
Sanitary Engineering Division

North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources Order - March 27, 1970

ee
NORTH CAROLINA BEFORE THE NORTH CAROLINA
BOARD OF RATER AND AIR
WAKE COUNTY RESOURCES
IN THE MATTER OF:
THE APPLICATION FILED BY DUKE)
POWER COMPANY OF CHARLOTTE, )
NORTH CAROLINA, REQUESTING A )
VARIANCE FROM THE TEMPERATURE) SPECIAL ORDER
STANDARD APPLICABLE TO THE )
CLASSIFICATIONS ASSIGNED TO )
BELEWS CREEK, LITTLE BELEWS )
CREEK (NEST BELEWS CREEK) , )
AND EAST BELEWS CREEK.
THIS CAUSE coming on to be heard and being heard before
the Pollution Control Committee of the Board of Water and
Air Resources on January 28, 1970, pursuant to the authority
of Article 21, Chapter 143, of the General Statutes of
North Carolina, as amended, upon the application of
Petitioner, Duke Power Company, requesting a variance from
temperature standards established and adopted for Belews
Creek, Little Belewe Creek, and East Belews Creek; and upon
consideration of said application and based upon the evidence
presented at the said hearing and the record of the said
hearing, the Board makes the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. The rate of growth in the Company's service area
due to residential, commercial, and industrial activity
has placed increased demands on the present supply of
electricity, which is not adequate to meet this and future
growth of the area. Therefore, the Belews Creek Electric
Generating Plant is needed to meet the demands of this
growth.
2. The most feasible way to generate adequate elec-
tricity to meet the public necessity is through use of
steam-operated generating facilities.

3. The steam generating system cycle requires the
use of cooling waters for condensation of steam, after
the steam leaves the turbine, which requires a large volume
of water in a plant the size of the proposed Belews Creek
generating facility.
4. In the absence of a cooling lake, the flow of
waters in Belews Creek and all of its tributaries is not
sufficient to supply the necessary volume of cooling water
needed for condensation of steam at the proposed facility.
5. A lake of 3,863 acres formed by the back-up of
water resulting from the construction of a darn would create
a sufficient amount of cooling capacity for the condensation
process.
6. The temperature of cooling water, after leaving
the condenser at maximum load operation, will have increased
18°F.
7. The cooling water will be discharged into the lake
for circulation to dissipate the waste heat.
8. A cooling lake has advantages over the alternative
cooling method (cooling towers) for this else operation, to
wit: evaporative loss is approximately one-half; accumu-
lation of water for periods of drought; and enhance recrea-
tional uses such as boating, bathing, and fishing.
9. As a result of Duke Power Company's commitment to
develop recreational facilities on the lake, the public
interest will be enhanced by the creation of a cooling lake.
10. A cooling lake cannot be feasibly used for this
operation if the temperature standard presently in effect
for Belews Creek must be adhered to.
11. Raising the temperature in the cooling lake above
the present limits allowed by the North Carolina water
quality standards will not adversely affect the public
interest.
-2-

12. The Company will release water from the lake in
such a manner as to provide a minimum stream flow of 10 cfs
to enhance naturally occurring stream flows. The Company
further assured that the quality of such releases shall con-
form to all established water quality standards for Belewa
Creek below the dam.
The Board further finds aa:
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The North Carolina Hoard of Water and Air Resources
is empowered by General Statute 143-214.1 to establish water
quality standards and to classify the waters of the State
in accordance therewith.
2. The North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources,
having adopted temperature standards for the waters of the
State, may grant a variance from such temperature standards
pursuant to Section 1I.8. of the "Classifications and
Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Surface Waters of
North Carolina."
3. Section 11,8. authorizes such a variance "for such
period as the public interest may require or permit."
4. The variance requested by Duke Power Company is
proper under Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes
of North Carolina, as amended, and the applicable rules and
regulations adopted by the Board of Water and Air Resources
in that the public interest will be served by both the
increased supply of electricity and the recreational and
other benefits to accrue from the creation of the cooling
lake,
5. Based upon the Finding of Fact that the public
will not be adversely affected by a rise in the temperature
above the present limits, the Board has the power and
authority to grant the variance.
-3-

Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Con-
clusions of Law of the Board,
IT IS NOW, THEREFORE, ORDERED;
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of
Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina, as amended,
and other applicable laws, rules or regulations, a variance
from temperature standards is hereby granted to Duke Power
Company, Charlotte, North Carolina, for a proposed cooling
lake impounded by a proposed dam in Stokes County at North
Carolina grid system coordinates North 937,000 and East
1,698,000 and upstream elevation on Belews Creek, Little
Belews Creek and East Belews Creek at 725 feet above mean
sea level. This variance is subject to the following
limitations:
1. The maximum instantaneous surface temperature (as
measured 1 foot below the surface) shall not exceed 95°F
at any point east of North Carolina grid coordinate E
1,698,000 nor upstream (south) of the Southern Railroad as
it crosses the three above-noted streams.
2. That portion of the lake lying west of North Carolina
grid coordinate E 1,698,000 and downstream (north) of the
Southern Railroad crossings shall be operated in accordance
with the proposal and supporting data for application for
permit to construct and operate a cooling lake submitted by
the Company.
3. The Company shall install, operate and maintain
appropriate measuring and recording devices acceptable to
the Department of Water and Air Resources to continuously
monitor water temperature at the Southern Railroad crossings
of Belews Creek and Bast Belews Creek and at the outlet
works of the dam for water released downstream and shall
submit such monitoring data to the Department of Water and
Air Resources at monthly intervals.
-4-

4. All other applicable water quality standards
adopted by the North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources
shall be met at all times within the entire lake, except in
the hypolimnion during periods of natural thermal stratifi-
cation, and all applicable water quality standards, including
temperature, shall be met in the waters released from the
reservoir at the dam.
This ' day of /2-7t7rr 1970.
afszaan, or faro Ins Boar(' v
of Water and Air Resources
I, E. C. Hubbard, Assistant Director, Department of Water and
Air Resources, State of North Carolina, do hereby certify that the above
is a true and correct copy of "Special Order in the Matter of the
Application filed by Duke Power Company of Charlotte, North Carolina,
requesting a variance from the temperature standards applicable to the
classifications assigned to Balaws Creek, Little Belews Creak (West
Belews Creek), and East Balms Creek."
I do further certify that said Order was adopted by the Board at
its meeting duly called and held in Raleigh, North Carolina, on ;
March 27, 1970,
Witness my hand and the seal of the Board of Water and Air Resources
this the 7eh day of April71100.
E.-C. Hub bar , Aas *tent irector
Department of Water and Air Resources
"5_

Pollution Control Committee, Board of Water and Air Resources Public Hearing
January 28, 1970

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS AT PUBLIC HEARING
RELATING TO APPLICATION FILED BY
DUKE POWER COMPANY OF CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
REQUESTING A VARIANCE FROM THE TEMPERATURE STANDARDS
APPLICABLE TO THE CLASSIFICATIONS ASSIGNED TO
BELEWS CREEK, LITTLE BELEWS CREEK
(WEST BELEWS CREEK), AND EAST BELEWS CREEK
IN THE ROANOKE RIVER BASIN
January 28, 1970
Pollution Control Committee
North Carolina Board Of Water And Air Resources
Raleigh

NORTH CAROLINA BEFORE THE POLLUTION CONTROL
COMMITTEE, NORTH CAROLINA
WAKE COUNTY BOARD OF WATER AND AIR RESOURCES
IN THE MATTER OF:
THE APPLICATION FILED BY DUKE •
POWER COMPANY OF CHARLOTTE,
NORTH CAROLINA REQUESTING A •
•
VARIANCE FROM THE TEMPERATURE TRANSCRIPT OF HEARING
STANDARD APPLICABLE TO THE
CLASSIFICATIONS ASSIGNED TO
BELEWS CREEK, LITTLE BELEWS
CREEK (WEST BELEWS CREEK),
AND EAST BELEWS CREEK.
BE IT REMEMBERED that a public hearing in the above captioned matter
was held in the Auditorium of the Laboratory of Hygiene Building, Raleigh,
North Carolina, beginning at 10:15 a. m. on Wednesday, January 28, 1970,
after due notice, at which the following transpired:
Mr. P. Greer Johnson, Chairman, Presiding: The Committee will now
proceed with the public hearing in the matter of the application filed by
Duke Power Company of Charlotte, North Carolina requesting a Variance from
the temperature standard applicable to the classifications assigned to
Belews Creek, Little Belews Creek (West Belews Creek), and East Belews
Creek.
The Members of the Pollution Control Committee, Board of Water and
Air Resources, who are participating in this hearing are as follows: Mt.
P. Greer Johnson, Chairman, Asheville; Mr. S. Vernon Stevens, Chairman of
the Board, Broadway; Mr. J. Nelson Gibson, Jr., Gibson; Mr. W. Grady Steven
Shiloh; and Mr. Raymond S. Talton, Raleigh.
Appearing for the applicant, Duke Power Company, is Mr. Joe Bieseck
Attorney at Law. Appearing for the Board and the Department of Water and
Air Resources is Mr. Tom Bolch, Special Assistant, Consumer Protection
Division, Office' of the Attorney General of North Carolina.
The hearing will now come to order. This is a formal hearing being
held pursuant to Section 143-215.4 (d) of the North Carolina General Statlit,,s
and was called at the request of the applicant, Duke Power Company. The
records of the Board of Water and Air Resources show that notice of this
hearing was given by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the appli-
cant by letter dated December 19, 1969. The records further show that such
notice was receipted by the applicant on December 20, 1969 Such notice
was published in the Winston-Salem Journal-Sentinel, the Danbury Reporter,
the Stokes Record, the Reidsville Review, and the Greensboro Daily News.
Is the Applicant ready to proceed?
Mr. Biesecker: Yes, Mr. Chairman, we are ready to proceed
Chairman Johnson: Is the Attorney General's Office ready '.o pro eed?
Mr. Bolch: We are ready to proceed.

- 2 -
Chairman Johnson: Mr. Biesecker, proceed.
Mr. Biesecker: Mr. Chairman, Duke Power Company will first call
Mr. W. S. Lee, Jr.
Chairman Johnson: Mr. Lee, if you will, come forward and be sworn
in. Do you promise to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
the truth, so help you God?
Mr. Lee: I do, sir.
Chairman Johnson: Mr. Lee.
Mr. Biesecker: This is the witness stand, Mr. Chairman?
Chairman Johnson: Yes, please.
Mr. Biesecker: State your name please.
Mr. William S. Lee, Vice President, Engineering, Duke Power Company,
P. 0. Box 2178, Charlotte, North Carolina 28201: My name is William S.
Lee of Charlotte, North Carolina, Vice President of Engineering of Duke
Power Company.
Mr. Biesecker: What is your responsibility and duties with Duke
Power Company, Mr. Lee?
Mr. Lee: I'm in charge of the Engineering Design of new electric
generating plants for the company including the selection of sites, the
conceptual design, and the execution of the detailed design for these
plants. In my capacity as an Officer of the Company and as a Member of
the Board of Directors, I also have other management responsibilities.
Mr. Biesecker: Do you hold a license from any governmental authority
to practice engineering?
Mr. Lee: Yes, I'm a Registered Professional Engineer in North Carolina
and South Carolina.
Mr. Biesecker: Would you state for the record, please, your educational
background.
Mr. Lee: I'm a graduate in Engineering from Princeton University in
1951.
Mr. Biesecker: Mr. Chairman, at this time I would like to get some
Exhibits into the record. I would like, if possible, to request the
originals of those from the Staff if they are available. I'm referring
to the November 20 letter from Mr. Lee. Mr. Chairman, the Exhibits I
refer to are the November 20 letter 1969, from Mr. Lee to Mr. E. C.
Hubbard which transmitted the applications of Duke Power Company, along
with an engineering report and the necessary maps to support the request
for issuance of the necessary Permit. I also have the January 27, 1970,
letter from Mr. Lee to Mr. Hubbard. I'd like to have these marked as
Exhibits.
Chairman Johnson: Any objections.

- 3 -
Mr. Botch: We have no objections.
Chairman Johnson: Please receive those as Exhibits A and B and C,
etc.
Mr. Biesecker: Mr. Lee, I hand you applicant's Exhibit No. C and
ask you if you recognize it.
Mr. Lee: Yes I do. This is a letter that I signed yesterday and
delivered this morning, amplifying our request for Variance in this case
and suggesting specific wording for such Variance. (See Exhibit C at
the end of these Proceedings.)
Mr, Biesecker: There's applicant's Exhibit B. Do you recognize
that, sir2
Mr. Lee: Yes, sir. This is a letter that I signed on November
24, 1969, to the Board of Water and Air Resources enclosing the applica-
tion for Permit, for the cooling pond and for the ash settling basin for
the Belews Creek Steam Station and requesting a Variance with respect to
temperature of the water quality standards. (See Exhibit B at the end
of these Proceedings.)
Mr. Biesecker: Now, I hand you Exhibits A, D, E, F, G and H and
ask you if you recognize those and tell the Committee what they are.
Mr. Lee: Yes. Exhibit A consists of two applications for Permit.
One for the cooling pond and the other for the ash settling and storage
basin. Attached to these applications, as supporting information, is an
engineering report giving the basis of design of these facilities, the
basis of operation of these facilities, the forecast temperature of the
cooling lake and the treatment efficiency of the ash settling basin.
Exhibit, D, E, F, G, and H are the maps and drawings of these facilities
attached to the application and engineering report. (See Exhibit A at
he end of the a Proceedings. Exhibit D - Reservoir Map; Exhibit E -
Site Plan; Exhibit F - Layout of Dam, Dikes, and Spillway; Exhibit G -
Dam, Dikes, and Spillway Typical Details; and Exhibit H - Reservoir Area -
Volume Curve and Hydraulic Data are available for pesural in the Central
File- of the Department of Water and Air Resources.)
Mr. Bie,ecker: Thank you. Mr. Lee, two of these Exhibits, in fact,
all of these Exhibits have your signature. I'd like to ask you if this
engineering report and these maps were prepared under your supervision.
Mr. Lec : Yes they were.
Mr. Biesecker: Mr. Chairman, I'd like to request that these Exhibit;
be admitted into evidence and be incorporated into the records.
Chairman Johnson: So ordered.
Mr. Biesecker: Mr. Lee, describe for us, please, why and when the
Belews Creek Electric Generating Plant is needed.
Mr. Lee: The reason it is required, is to meet the increasing public
demand for electricity in the area of North Carolina and South Carolina
that we serve. The increase in population; the increase in the standard

- 4 -
of living of folks that live in the area; the increase residential, com-
mercial, and industrial activity in the area all add up to a substantial-
ly increasing rate of need for electric generation. This rate of growth
now is such that the total demand for electricity in our service area is
doubling about every seven years, This means that in the next seven
years we will have to build as much generating capacity as has been built
since the Company began 65 years ago. Our all-time peak load for electri-
city has occurred earlier this month on January the 8t4 when the peak
reached 6,031,000 kilowatts. This is a substantial jump over the peak
of last year and continues to indicate that our forecast of load growth
are indeed going to be realized. For good reliability of electric
service to the public, we require capacity to meet this load as well as
reserve capacity to provide a margin to give good reliability of service
in case something happens to one or more of the generating units. We
must install, to meet this load, an average of over a million kilowatts
each year for the next seven years. Belews Creek Steam Electric Gener-
ating Station is proposed for service in 1974 and 1975. It will consist
of two units of 1,143,000 kilowatts each with the first unit required
for service by May 1974 and the second unit required for service to meet
this public need by May 1975.
Mr. Biesecker: Why was this particular location selected?
Mr. Lee: The Belews Creek area lies in the northeast portion of
the Duke Power Service Area. That service area lies in the Piedmont
Section of North and South Carolina going from the Virginia border at
North Carolina to the Georgia border in South Carolina. About two-thirds
of that area is in North Carolina and one-third in South Carolina. The
area is some 20,000 square miles. Now the last two major generating
plants that will have been completed by the time Belews Creek is needed
are located elsewhere in this service area. For example, this spring we
will be completing the 2,200,000 kilowatt Marshell Steam Station on Lake
Norman in the Central part of our System here in North Carolina. And then
in 1971 through 1973, we will be completing our Oconee Nuclear Station in
the southwest portion of our Service Area as a part of the Keowee-Toxaway
Project. Now the next increment of capacity is needed in the northeast
section of our ervice area to serve the growing energy demand in the
Winston-Salem, Greensboro, Durham area and surrounding communities. This
is why a location in this vicinity was selected.
Mr. Biesecker: Mr. Chairman, before I proceed further, I overlooked
one technical matter that I would like to clear up at this time. I'd like
to tender Mr. Lee as an expert engineer and qualified to give his opinion
based on the evidence submitted before the Committee.
Mr. Bolch: We have no objection to that.
Chairman Johnson: We consider any engineer licensed by the State
Board as an expert.
Mr. Biesecker: Thank you. Now, Mr. Lee, would you please describe
the Steam Station itself.
Mr. Lee: Yes, sir. The steam station will consist of two coal-fired
generating units. Each unit will have a large boiler. These boilers were
ordered in December 1968. Each unit will have a large turbine generator
of this 1,143,000 kilowatts ordered in the early spring of 1969. The sta-
tion will burn this coal to make steam, to drive the turbine, which in

- 5 -
turn drives the generator. The plant will be served by a railroad that
will bring in an average of two train loads of coal a day or some 17,000
tons per day. The auxiliary equipment in the plant, of course, is sub-
stantial; and included in this auxiliary equipment will be a sewage dis-
posal plant of which will be the subject of a future application to this
Committee. It will include fly ash precipitation equipment which will be
the most up -to-date and sophisticated air pollution control equipment
,hat we can obtain and it, too, will be subject to a future application
to thi , Committee for a Permit. That air pollution control equipment,
in conjunction with the tall stacks, we fully expect to adequately meet
the standards as now proposed by the Board, as well as the recommended
standards of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare with respect
to air pollution control. The estimated cost of the Belews Creek Steam
Station with all this equipment and 'he cooling pond is $269,000,000.
The plant itself will be located in Stokes County and I'm advised that
this investment in that County will more than double the assessed evalua-
tion of taxable property in Stokes.
Mr. Biesecker: Would you describe, please, the proposed cooling
pond and the engineering reasons serving as a background for building
the cooling pond?
Mr. Lee: Yes, and with the Chairman's permission could I leave
the witness stand and put up a map so I can illustrate my testimony by
the use of this map? (Exhibit I - Map of Belews Lake and Belews Creek
Steam Station is available for perusal in the Central Files of the
Department of Water and Air Resources.)
Chairman Johnson: Proceed.
Mr. Hubbard: Those of you who would like to see better may wish to
move across the isle.
Mr., Lee: I. will proceed with the answer to the question that I
describe the proposed cooling pond and the engineering reasons for build-
ing it. On the map that we are showing here, which is also a part of
the Exhibits that were filed as well as this individual map is a part of
the Exhibit in the record, north lies to our right, west lies at the top
of the map, the orientation of the lake is in the northsouth direction,
and to get it on a reasonable piece of paper, north is to our right.
That also applies to this small vicinity map in the upper right-hand
corner. Here we can see that the proposed cooling pond is approximately
an equal distance from Winston-Salem, North Carolina and from Greensboro,
North Carolina and it lies at the intersection of the county lines of the
four counties - Stokes, Rockingham, Gilford and Forsyth. Portions of the
cooling pond will lie in each of those four counties. The bulk of the
map shows the proposed cooling pond. It will be created by the con-
struction or a dam some 3,400 feet long and 175 feet high on a creek
known as Belews Creek. At the dam site, the drainage area of the Belews
Creek Basin is about 79 square miles. The dam will impound water that
will back up the main stem of Belews Creek and at the southern end of the
lake it splits into Belews Creek in the center and East Belews Creek to
the east of that. There is another tributary to Belews Creek called
West Belews Creek that comes into Belews Creek from the Southwest. There
is an unnamed tributary that comes into Belews Creek from the Southeast
near the dam, and the lake will cover those four principal tributaries.
The steam plant will be built on the shore of West Belews Creek in Stokes

- 6 -
County and as a part of the construction of the steam plant, a dam will
be built across West Belews Creek such that the cooling water for the
plant will come into the plant from the north side of that dam, will be
warmed in the condensers and will flow out the southside of that dam into
a pond, we call the precooling pond where the temperature will drop very
rapidly, and thence through a discharge canal in with the main body of
the Belews Creek lake. This lake will have an area of 3,863 acres. The
sole justification for building this dam and this lake is to serve as a
cooling pond for this steam electric generating plant. In generating
electricity, the spent steam exhausted from the turbine must be condensed
and returned to liquid or water. There is no way to generate electricity
in this part of the country in such bulk, as is required to meet the public
need in this area, without involving steam power; and every steam power
plant requires condensation of the steam as it leaves the turbine. To
condense thi steam, the steam flows out of the exhaust of the turbine
down around the outside of many thou-ands of tubes in the condenser. The
steam is on the outside of the tubes and cooling water is pumped through
the inside of the tubes causing the steam to condense and then to condensate
to collect at the bottom of the condenser to be returned through the feed-
water and boiler cycle and back to the turbine once again. The cooling
water does not come into physical contact with this steam. This steam is
anywhere from 90 to 110° F, it is very low pressure below atmospheric steam,
and that's why it can still be steam and be at that low temperature. The
cooling water going through the inside of the tubes removes the heat of
condensation from this steam. Ultimately, this waste heat that came from
the steam is to be transferred to the atmosphere and thence by radiation to
space. The cooling water is used as the transport medium to convey this
heat from the condensing steam to the atmosphere. When the cooling water
leaves the condenser, in the summertime and most of the year, it will have
been increased in temperature when the plant is at full load operation by
18° F. The function of this entire cooling pond is to dissipate this waste
heat to the atmosphere from this cooling water which is used as the trans-
port medium. The warm water will go back into the lake and through this
discharge canal and will spread out on the surface of the lake because it
is light and brilliant compared to the cooler waters of the lake and thus,
fortunately, it exposes itself to the atmosphere where it gives up its
heat by evaporation and by radiation and by conduction. As the water cools,
it will come on around the point between Belews Creek and West Belews Creek
and return to the steam plant intake. By the time it reaches the steam plant
intake, this pond is adequately sized and conservatively applied such that
the water will have once again reached its naturally occurring ambient temper-
ature and be ready for recycling again. The average flow in Belews Creek
and all of its tributaries at the dam is in the neighborhood of 90 cubic feet
per second. The flow through the condensers of the power plant, when at full
load, will be in the neighborhood of 2,500 cubic feet per second. So you
see this creek and all of them combined, are grossly inadequate to supply
the cooling water of such a power plant as this without this recirculation
feature and the development of a facility to radiate this heat to the atmos-
phere that has been removed from the condensing steam. There are many lakes
like this in successful service over the country including several in North
Carolina. I believe this would describe the cooling lake.
Mr. Biesecker: Thank you, Mr. Lee. Do you want to take the stand
again? What other means of cooling could have been selected? And how
would another means compare to this proposed cooling pond?

- 7 -
Mr. Lee: In this part of our State there are no large rivers or
water bodies that are adequate to provide this cooling function so there
are only two possibilities. One is a cooling pond as we have proposed.
The other possibility is the installation of cooling towers. We have
two cooling towers in service. We have studied them at other locations
and, therefore, we are fully familiar with cooling towers and their opera-
tion. A series of cooling towers applied to the Belews Creek Steam Plant
would perform the same function as this cooling pond. That is, it would
provide a means whereby the cooling water can transport waste heat from
the spent steam to the atmosphere. There are a number of engineering and
public interest reasons why a cooling pond in this application is much of
a better choice over a cooling tower. First of all, the cooling pond
represents, in substantial measure, good water conservation practices when
compared to a cooling tower. In a cooling pond the warmed water is cooled
by three mechanisms. One is evaporation, the other is back radiation, and
the third is conduction into the wind and perhaps other water. In a cool-
ing tower e sentially all of the cooling i by evaporation; thus, the cool-
ing tower evaporates more water for the same total heat removal duty as
would a cooling pond. In addition, a cooling tower recycles the water
in a close circuit time and time again, and each time water is evaporated,
the natural impurities and minerals in that water are left behind in the
cooling tower. These must be removed and this water, also, must be
treated in order to avoid a pollution problem. But with respect to water
conservation, our studies for the average climate in this area show, and
for this we have used tools that are well established and renown, our
studies show that the consumptive loss of water by a cooling tower would
be twice as great as with this cooling pond for the same cooling duty.
So water conservation is one, water pollution control is another advantage
of this pond in that it will not have the waste that a cooling tower would
create by the accumulation of solids and residuals. Cooling towers also
offer problems frequently in the wintertime, particularly for a plant of
this size, with the creation of immence fogs and icing conditions. In
the case of a cooling tower when compared to this cooling pond, the cool-
ing tower would offer no means of flood control; would offer no storage
for low flow augmentation; and would offer no opportunity to provide a
water >uppiy to someone who might have a need for it. All of these are
offered by this cooling pond. And then finally, a cooling tower does not
offer the opportunity for public recreation and development of fishery
re .ource ; . I have yet to see anyone fish or water ski in a cooling tower.
And the purpose of the tower and the pond would be identical.
Mr. Becker: Would you like a drink of water? You seem to be.,..
Mr Lee: No. I'm all right.
Mr. Bieecker: O.K. Go ahead. You have suggested several other
uses for the proposed cooling lake. Would you please explain what you
mean by these suggestions.
Mr. Lee: Yes. Of course, again the lake is proposed and justified
solely for one purpose and that is as a wa to treatment facility fol pro-
viding this cooling function. But there are other uses that we expect
to see of the lake that are fully compatible with this primary func° ion.
One of these is a measure of flood control. The full pond of this cool-
ing pond will be at elevation 725 above mean sea level. We are designing
the dam and the spillway to take a flood surge upon the maximum hypothetical
rainfall in the basin to elevation 735. This means there are ten feet or
roughly 4,000 acre-feet of flood storage that would be provided for the

- 8 -
Dan River Basin that are not now provided. For this particular Belews
Creek Drainage Area, this storage is equivalent to holding back a run-
off of nine inches from the entire area. A second feature of this
cooling pond will be low-flow augmentation in times of extreme drought.
We have designed the pond so that it can be drawn down five feet for
this purpose, in order to release downstream flows that equal or exceed
the minimum flows during a drought. As our engineering report to the
application indicates, the published United States Geological Survey
figures to be six and a half cubic feet per second at this dam site,
and at a five-year frequency, 10 cubic feet per second. We can take
the six and a half cubic feet per second minimum inflow and by use of
the top five feet of our storage, drawing our pond down, we can augment
this six and a half feet to reach 10 cubic feet per second of releases
downstream and at the same time this storage would make up for the
evaporative losses for having created a lake where one does not now
exist. So there will be in times of extreme drought, low-flow augmen-
tation created by this cooling pond. Another one is water supply. If
it becomes in the public interest, subject to the approval of the appro-
priate State Agencies, someone may want to withdraw water from our pond
for use as a public or industrial water supply; and this reservoir,
within that five feet allocation at the top of the pond, can be used
for that purpose. With respect to fishing, we emphasize that this is a
waste treatment facility when coupled with an extraordinary heat wave
there could conceivably be some fish killed near the plant discharge
from temperature affects. We have been using the same 18° temperature
rise in waters in the Piedmont Section of North Carolina for 40 years
and have never seen such effects happen. Even so, in spite of this
possibility, we feel strongly that the cooling pond will substantially
enhance the fishery resources when compared to the occasional spring-
time sucker fishing in the presently undeveloped creeks. We have seen
substantial enhancement of fishery resources in the other 21 major lakes
that we operate, many of which have large steam electric power plants,
using them as a source of cooling water. And finally, the other use
that we feel will be fully compatible with the use of this facility a<
a cooling pond is public recreation. Again on our other lakes, in
both Carolinas, we have invested a lot of money and we have done a lot
of mid-term and long-term planning to enhance the public recreation
values. We now have some 44 public access areas in service. On our
lakes we have eleven more under construction. We have a number of
camp grounds and have participated in the development of many marinas,
picnic facilities, boat-launching ramps, and other things to develop
and make available these water resources for public recreation. At
Belews Creek we intend to do the same thing. The Company will develop
launching areas for boats, parking areas for cars and trailers, sanitary
facilities, picnic facilities, and will try to keep ahead of the public
demand in building these facilities. We have been able to keep ahead
of the public demand in our other lakes where we bring new facilities
into service to enhance public recreation before the existing facilities
become over crowded. We intend to do this at Belews Creek. We will
develop recreation facilities particularly in the cove that lies south-
east of the dam at the lower part of the lake.
Mr. Biesecker: Why is Duke Power Company interested, Mr. Lee, in
providing recreation and fishing opportunities for the public?
Mr. Lee: We are not only interested, but we are committed. We
are a public utility providing electricity to people in the area we

- 9 -
serve. Our business thrives only to the extent that the people in this
area thrive. That is, they improve their standard of living. The en-
joyment of outdoor recreation, including fishing, is one of the elements
that we and others feel is fundamental to improving the quality of life
in our service area or any service area. We feel that providing these
opportunities will attract new people and new industries', who want good
workers, into our service area which wilt help the economic health of
the area, and we feel that these recreational opportunities will also
provide an environment for motivated folks who insist on living in an
area that provides for these opportunities. As the percapita income
of our population increases, the folks have more money to spend on out-
door recreation and more interest in outdoor recreation. In the long-
run, this helps busines9 in the area and, in turn, helps the electric
business. We feel it is a fundamental part of our business to aid in
these environmental considerations because the last thing an-enlightened
electric utility would every want to do would be to find itself serving
an area where the environment was besmirched. I might add that our plans
for this cooling pond and its behavior as a waste treatment facility, in
combination with its beneficial uses that I've sighted, are backed up by
a number of environmental research programs.
Mr. Biesecker: Summarize these programs, Mr. Lee, please.
Mr. Lee: We began our interest of real record in environmental
considerations in 1923, when the company hired a full-time medical
physician, experienced in public health matters, to head up a then formed
department of sanitation and public health concerned with sanitation and
public health matters Largely associated with our reservoirs. In 1925,
the company began to offer the use of these reservoirs to cities and
towns as a source of public water supply; and today there are twenty-two
towns and cities with a served population of over a half-million who are
drawing their water supply from the Duke Power Reservoirs at no cost to
the cities. In 1926, we first used a lake for cooling purposes for a
steam electric power plant and began to record temperature information.
In the 1930's, we began to develop recreation facilities and to open up
these lakes for public enjoyment. In 1955, we began the first studies in
the area of limnology including the chemical and physical and temperature
of characteristics of waters in our lakes, both with respect to the hydro-
electric plants and the steam electric plants. After two years, we were
convinced that the study of these waters and their behavior was of such
long range importance to the area we serve that we established a full
time department in 1959 of field laboratory and technical personnel to
monitor the quality of waters in our service area to do experimental
measurements and synoptic surveys of water chemistry and, dissolved oxy-
gen, iron, manganese, temperature, and turbidity; and to provide us as
engineers with good field information on the behavior of these lakes
which we could then use as tools for forecasting the behavior of future,
as yet unbuilt, lakes and do a more intelligent job of planning and con-
ceiving these new facilities so that we would know in advance what their
behavior would be, Now this has been done then since 1959 and there are
several major facilities now in service on the basis of the forecast made
by the water sampling program that we undertood. Now we, of course, did
this with the full knowledge and guidance and cooperation of the Staff
of this Board. In 1966, we expanded this program in cooperation with
several other electric companies and under the management of John Hopkins
University we undertook a massive study of the thermal effects of warmed
water from a steam plant condenser into a lake.

- 10 -
•
This was done and is still going on at our Marshell Steam Station on
Lake Norman. From 1966 to date or for the first two years of that
program, the investigations were in the area of physical and chemical
investigations including temperature. Aiding us in these investigations,
in addition to our own department, were consultants we have retained
from campuses in our area and the overall management of the technical
leaders of the whole nationwide program at John Hopkins University. In
1968, we established still a third department within our company in-
terested in the environment. The first was the public health and sani-
tation in 1923, the second was this water resources research group in
1959, and in 1968, we established the environmental engineering group
headed by our principal environmental engineer, Mr. Charlie Dewey. It
is Charlie's function to make sure that we, as plant designers, properly
do our environmental homework and reflect this in our plant designs
before we make final decisions. Also, in 1968, the thermal studies at
plant Marshell were expanded to include the full spectrum of the ecology
including aquatic biota. Additional consultants were retained to help
with the microbiota in the food chain and the cooperation of the North
Carolina Wildlife Commission was obtained in sampling and measuring fish,
their size, their number, and their growth, as we zero in on pinning
down the effects of warm water on the entire ecological system. The
results of all these studies are not in yet, but when they are, of course,
they will be published and made a part of the public literature on the
subject, I'm sure, by all parties who are participating in this work.
But we can say this, we have observed no apparent ill effects in any
instance from having discharged this warm water into a lake. We have,
on the other hand, observed some evidence that the ecology may be
enhanced. During the fall, winter, and spring months fishing near
the effluent from these steam plants is very popular and very successful.
We don't know yet whether the fish like the warm water or whether what
the fish like to eat like the warm water. But in any event, the fish
come there. I hope that our research efforts will be able to establish
exactly why they do come there. There may be subtle changes to the
ecology, good or bad, that we have not fully identified, but so far all
the apparent evidence leans towards the good side. These are some of
the environmental programs that we are undertaking and they are con-
tinuing. When the cooling pond at Belews Creek is built, we will make
measurements and compare them with the tools that we've used to develop
the forecast for Belews Creek and we expect to find good correlation as
we have with our other projects. We will include the Belews Creek cool-
ing pond in our regular sampling program.
Mr. Biesecker: Why did Duke apply for a Permit and, in addition,
for a Variance from the water quality standards with respect to tempera-
ture only for this cooling pond?
Mr. Lee: Well first of all, we applied for Permit simply because
the Belews Creek cooling pond is a waste treatment facility intended to
dissipate the waste heat from electric generation to the atmosphere,
just as a sewage treatment plant is a waste treatment facility. Except
in the case of the cooling pond, we can expect that waste treatment
facility to be enjoyed by many other uses in the public interest. And
the Statutes and regulations of our State, of course, require that a
Permit be obtained for a waste treatment facility and hence we have
applied for that. It is pointed out that there now exists three small
creeks, or a fourth one if you include the unnamed creek at the south-
east of the dam, in this area. And what we propose to do is to build

- 11 -
an artificial waste treatment facility on top of these creeks. For this
we need a Permit. We would equally need a Permit if we went out and
scooped out a mammoth 3,800 acre bathtub in an area where there was no
creek and fill it full of water and use it as a cooling pond as a waste
treatment facility.
The water discharged from this waste treatment facility back into
Belews Creek will fully meet the water quality standards promulgated by
this Committee. However, lying underneath this waste treatment facility
will be the existing creek beds, three of which have assigned water
quality standards. These standards say, or the regulations associated
with the standards say, that to determine compliance with the standards,
samples should be taken and I quote, "to be representative of the re-
ceiving waters after reasonable opportunity for dilution and mixture
with the waste discharged thereto," end of quote, your regulations. We
first took the view that the cooling circuit from the steam plant
through the discharge and around to the intake constituted such reason-
able opportunity. However, it was suggested by the State Attorney
General's Office that a Variance from the temperature standards would
be required since the temperature of the surface of our cooling pond
would exceed the temperature limits although they were on the surface
of a waste treatment pond and many feet above the level of the existing
creek beds lying beneath the lake. This interpretation of the regulations
then leaves us no choice but to request a Variance from the temperature
standards for those parts of the cooling pond that will see water warmed
by our plant. Since future interpretations may be consistant with the
current view of the Attorney General 's Office, the Variance is now neces-
sary for the construction and operation of this plant.
Here, I might explain the terms of the Variance that we propose
for consideration of the Board. First of all, we are talking about maxi-
mum instantaneous temperatures of water at any time when measured at the
surface. We should bare in mind that the bulk of this lake, lying be-
neath the surface, will not have its temperature significantly effected
by the warmed water that will float out on top. Second, the water quality
standards prescribe a limit of a seven degree rise and we are proposing
an 18 degree rise as indicated in our application. This is necessary in
order to condense the steam. Third, under still wind and still water
current conditions, there will be 2,050 acres of this lake (the total
lake is 3,863 acres) involved in the cooling circuit from the steam plant
discharge back around to the steam plant intake; thus, leaving some 1,813
acres outside of this cooling circuit or some 40 percent of the' lake sur-
face. Now this 1,813 acres won't stay still. For example, there will be
wind and current conditions that tend to push the warmed water downstream
on the lake when you have a prevailing southwesterly wind. Or there will
be wind and current conditions that might push it upstream on the lake.
However, outside of the areas of movement of this warm water beyond its
average location, we have proposed that there be four coves of this lake
that will not feel the significant effects of this warm water; and the
surface area of these four coves is 650 acres. One of these coves is
located down near 'the dam where we propose the recreational developments.
This cove is out of the cooling circuit even under adverse wind or current
conditions. The other three coves are the upper end of Belews Creek,
East Belews Creek and West Belews Creek above the Southern Railroad
Bridge. The Variance that we propose, and this is after discussion with
the Staffs of several State Agencies that have cognizance over these
matters, indicates that the maximum surface water temperature, as measured

- 12 -
one foot below the surface, will not exceed 95°F at any point east of a
line drawn across the mouth of this cove, in this direction (referring
to the map), or at any point south, that is upstream, of the three Rail-
road Bridge on the other three coves. The Variance suggests that we,
the company, will install and operate certain temperature recording
devices at specified locations on this lake; to continuously monitor the
temperature at the surface; and to furnish records of this monitoring
to the Department on a regular basis. With respect to the central part
of the lake, the lake will be operated in accordance with our applica-
tion and engineering report attached to the Permit to construct and
operate this cooling lake as a waste treatment facility. The Variance
language also ,suggests that all other applicable water quality standards
shall be met at all times within the entire lake except in the hypolimnion,
or lower layers, during periods of natural thermal stratification. And
all applicable water standards including temperature shall be met in the
waters released from the reservoir at the dam.
Mr. Biescker: When does the company need this Permit and Variance,
Mr. Lee?
Mr. Le : We need them both immediately and let me explain why.
This power p`s`.ant is needed to meet the public need for electricity in
May 1974. This is a small creek, but a large pond. During the dry
years of record, it will take this pond four years to fill. We, there-
fore, must close this dam and close this creek this coming May, if w:
are to :now the four years for this pond to fill so that a $269,000,000
facility can go into service to meet this public need for electricity.
Now we have been working on this for a long time. As in all of our power
plants and developments of this type, we do our environmental homework
in advance of selecting a site and once we have done this and come upon
that site that we think will be most compatiable with the environment
and all other aspects of the need, then we review this informally with
the cognizance State Agencies before we announce a plant. We did that
in this case. That occurred nine months ago, last April. That was in
April '69. The plant was announced in May and then, of course, we under-
took constructive discussions with a number of State Agencies with respect
to our draft of our application for Permits and then finally, of course,
filed the final application itself in November and the Variance today.
So this has been a long period of study of this proposed facility. We
do need it promptly so that we can build this dam and begin impounding
Water and just a , soon as earth breaking weather breaks, we must move
dirt in order to meet this schedule. We feel that it has been thorough-
Ly explored at the Staff and technical level and we submit that it is in
the public interest in every sense of the word.
Mr. Biesecker: You may cross examine him, Mr. Bolch.
Mr. Bolch: Mr. Lee, concerning the Company's letter of January 27,
would you refer to that, I believe it is Exhibit C, on the second page.
Mr. Lee: Yes, sir.
kir. Botch: Paragraph No. 4. Will you explain to me, I'm not an
rngineer, what is meantby hypolimnion during periods of natural thermal
trat fication? What do you mean by that?

- 13 -
Mr. Lee: Yes, sir, Mr. Bolch. Hypolimnion is the bottom levels
of water in any lake. Thermal stratification is during the summertime,
as we all know when we were boys and went swimming, the surface is warm,
the middle depth is average, but at the bottom of the lake is cool water.
Well this hypolimnion or bottom level stays cool all summer long and
because cool water is heavier than warm water, it sinks and stays at the
bottom. Over the summer, the natural organic waste from fish and other
biota accumulate in this water and deplete the dissolved oxygen content
of these bottom waters. This is a natural phenomenon and occurs on any
lake that stratifies thermally. Therefore, the bottom waters of this
lake do not have 4 mg/1 of dissolved oxygen, or will not, as this is so
in any deep lake in North Carolina or anywhere in the south. This is a
natural phenomenon. The water quality standards, of course, require a
minimum of 4 mg/1 of dissolved oxygen wherea literally this won't be
the case in these bottom waters. Although the average oxygen content of
the entire lake will be above 4 mg, and as we have indicated, the waters
discharged from this project will comply with water quality standards in
all respects. So that parenthetical phrase there was simply to acknowledge
the natural phenomenon that exists in all lakes.
Mr. Bolch: How often or what percentage of the year would you esti-
mate that this would occur?
Mr. Lee: Probably two months.
Mr. Bosch: In what season? During the summer?
Mr. Lee: It will occur about the first of August to about the first
of October. When fall cooling occurs the waters become mixed again and
this brings these bottom waters to the air where they can be exposed to
the atmosphere and reaerated.
Mr. Botch: How great a percentage of the lake might this hypolimnion
be? Does it vary from time to time or is it a fixed demarcation?
Mr. Lee: It does vary and it tends to grow as you move from August
into September because the fish create wastes that consume the oxygen in
the bottom of the water and there is no way to replenish that oxygen until
in the fall it comes again to the top when the cool nights come and that
causes mixing of the reservoir. It comes again to the top, is exposed to
the atmosphere and replenishes its oxygen. This will happen no matter what
kind of lake you build for what kind of purpose. To give you an approxi-
mate idea of the percentage of the lake involved, the total storage volume
of this lake at full pond is about 187,000 acre feet. The hypolimnion area
that would have oxygen contents low enough below 4 mg/1, based on our ex-
perience in sampling lakes in the Piedmont, would probably be from eleva-
tion 690 on down. At elevation 690 on down, the volume on the lake is
some 85,000 acre feet which is about 42 or 43 percent of the -lake volumes.
This, of course, is a temporary and natura phenomenon and will correct
itself in the fall.
Mr. Balch: I see. Does this paragraph 4 then refer only to oxygen
content?
Mr. Lee: Yes, that's the only reason it was put in.

- 14 -
Mr. Balch: None of the other standards would be accepted by this
paragraph? Except temperature and oxygen content?
Mr. Lee: Well we don't need the exception for the bottom waters
with respect to temperature. Now this was in an effort to simplify the
wording of the Variance and to recognize the natural phenomenon. There
are two other chemicals that develop in water when water loses its oxy-
gen. That is, two other chemicals become soluable. These are iron and
manganese. There are instances in the very bottom of some lakes where
the soluable iron and manganese content of water goes up when the oxygen
goes down. There have been instances where the iron and manganese content
of these bottom waters exceeds water quality standards, so they though
are related to oxygen.
Mr. Bolch: You testified that there will be some recreation bene-
fits available in the lake. How much of the lake, or could you point out
on the map, what areas will be open, say, the boating.
Mr. Lee: The access to the lake will be in this cove in the south-
east part of the lake. The areas for boating will include the lower por-
tion of the lake and, if conditions are satisfactory with respect to
temperature and behavior and performance of this lake, will include this
arm of the lake as well as this arm of the lake. We do not intend to
permit boating through the connecting canal because the wake tends to
tear up the banks of such a canal pretty badly.
Mr. Bolch: Would water skiing follow the same area as boating?
Mr. Lee: Yes.
Mr. Bolch: How about fishing, where would that be permitted?
Mr. Lee: Fishing will be generally through the lake. In the
summertime we would not plan to have fishing near the effluent of the
steam plant because we feel the water is too warm in the summer to pro-
mote good fishing. But in the wintertime we expect this to be very ex-
cellent fishing.
Mr. Bosch: How will you control that during the summertime?
Mr. Lee: We have not established firm plans yet for developing
the facilities nor exercising the control.
Mr. Botch: I see. Another point, will home sites be developed on
the lake?
Mr. Lee: No, sir. This lake lies midway between Greensboro and
Winston-Salem. Because of the thermal effects in this cooling cycle we
won't have recreation facilities in the vicinity of this cooling cycle
itself and it is our feeling that the greatest number of the public can
be served by developing public facilities rather than individual home
sites. The large population and the expected high recreation demand or
a lake that has relatively small shoreline suggests this to Us and this
is the plan we intend to follow.
Mr. Bolch; I see. You also testified about municipal water supply.
Is there any municipality that is currently drawing water supply from any
one of these creeks?

- 15 -
Mr. Lee: Yes, there's a small water supply upstream on Belews
Creek and I don't remember the name of the community. This has been
accounted for in the water budget calculations of our permit application.
Mr. Botch: Might this be the Town of Kernersville?
Mr. Lee: Yes, I think it is.
Mr. Botch: If the cooling lake is built under Permit and a Variance
from the Board, will Kernersville be permitted to continue withdrawing
wa°:.er supply?
Mr. Lee: Oh yes. Oh yes.
Mr. Botch: Back to water quality. How much water will be with-
drawn and evaporated in the steam process? Could you give me an estimate?
I enders you if have recycling, but isn't there some loss?
Mr. Lee: There is some loss when the warm water returns to the
lake simply because its a little warmer it tends to evaporate at a
slightly higher rate. The average evaporation from this lake is due to
both heat and the fact that we are creating a lake and exposing these
average of our evapora-
tion
The P
are not
now exposed. g
III acres to the air that p
tion is expected to be 31 cubic feet per second. Had we elected to in-
stall a cooling tower as a waste treatment facility instead of a cooling
pond, the average evaporation and loss would be 60 cubic feet per second.
Mr. Botch: Will there be any significant mineral discharge into
the lake as a result of the evaporation?
Mr. Lee: No, sir. The inflow into the lake, we think, is adequate
to keep this well diluted.
Mr. Botch: I understand that there's an ash settling basin pro-
posedash or silt from this basin reach the lake?
in the plans. Would any
Mr , Lee I have to say yes when you use the word "any". But let'
quantify it.
Mr. Bolch: O.K. How much?
Mr Lee; The ash basin is identical in design and concept to the
six we hAve in service now. And there the measurement of the total solid,.
content of the effluent from the ash basins have resulted in less total
solid in the effluent than there were in the water first brought in the
power plant. That settling basin settles out so well that the effluent
is of higher quality than the raw water we started with. In the case of
Belews Creek, however, this large lake will also act as a settling basin
so I expect its water to be very pure. There will be some trace elements
of ash that will come back to the lake, but of course, the efficiency of
the ash basin will be in excess of 99 percent removal.
Mr. Bolch: The letter of January 27, if you have that available,
Exhibit C. On the first page you refer to upstream elevation on Belews
Creek, Little Belews Creek, and East Belews Creek at 725 feet above mean
sea level.

- 16 -
Mr. Lee: Yes, sir.
Mr. Botch: Where would that be? Is that on the surface of the
lake or. ..
Mr. Lee: That Language is simply to define the boundries of the
lake, which boundaries are created by a dam at the location sited in the
letter, built so that it compoundwater to elevation 725. The elevation
725 contour is the one depicted on this map.
Mr. Botch: So that's the top level of the lake?
Mr. Lee: That's the full pool.
Mr. Bolch: I see.
Mr. Lee: There will be the rare use of flood storage for flood
control up above this level.
Mr. Botch: Mr. Lee, does the company either own or control all of
the land surrounding the lake?
Mr. Lee: We don't yet, but we expect to be able to.
Mr. Botch: I see. Will this be ownership or controlled through
easements?
Mr. Lee: This will be fee ownership in nearly every case.
Mr. Botch: I see. We have no further questions.
Mr. Biesecker: That concludes the evidence approved by the appli-
cant.
Chairman Johnson: You have no other witness?
Mr. Biesecker: No, sir.
Chairman Johnson: Well, in that case, Mr. Botch, do you have some
witnesses?
Mr. Botch: Yes. Mr. Coburn, will you come around and be sworn,
please.
Chairman Johnson: Mr. Coburn, do you swear to tell the truth, the
whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
Mr. Coburn: I do.
Mr. Johnson: Take the stand.
Mr. Botch: State your full name.
Mr. Coburn: My name is Darwin L. Coburn.
Mr. Botch: Mr. Coburn, by whom are you employed?

- 17 -
Mr. Coburn: I'm employed by the N. C. Department of Water and Air
Resources.
Mr. Botch: In what capacity?
Mr. Coburn: I am Chief of the Water Pollution Control Division of
the Department.
Mr. Botch: In such capacity have you had an occasion to review the
proposed plans for this lake, the Permit Application, and the proposed
Variance from Duke Power Company.
Mr. Coburn: Yes, I have.
Mr. Botch: As a result of that review, do you have an opinion con-
cerning this project on behalf of the staff?
Mr. Coburn: Yes.
Mr. Botch: What is that opinion?
Mr. Coburn: After having an opportunity to review the modified re-
quest for Variance as contained in this letter, marked Exhibit C, the Staff
recommends that the request should be granted.
Mr. Botch: Are you personally satisfied that the public interest
will be adequately protected if this Permit is granted and if the Variance
is granted?
Mr. Coburn: Yes, I am.
Mr. Botch: Do you have any other information you'd like for the
Committee to consider in this application?
Mr. Coburn: No, I do not.
Mr. Botch: Mr. Biesecker, you may cross examine now.
Mr. Besecker: We have no cross examination.
Mr. Botch: Thank you, Mr. Coburn. Mr. Andrews. Mr. Ralph Andrews.
Chairman John,on: Mr. Andrews, do you promise to tell the truth,
the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
Mr Andrew,: I do.
Chairman Johnson: Take the stand.
Mr. Bolch: Mr. Andrews, state for the record your full name, pleae,
sir.
Mr. Andrews: Ralph J. Andrews.
Mr Botch: Where do you live?
Mr. Andrews: Here in Raleigh.

- 18 -
Mr. Botch: By whom are you employed?
Mr. Andrews: By the State of North Carolina.
Mr. Botch: In what capacity?
Mr. Andrews: At the beginning of the study of this project, I was
Director of the North Carolina Recreation Commission. That has been
assimilated in the Department of Local Affairs, for I am now acting as
Senior Consultant.
Mr. Botch: In such capacity, have you had an occasion to review
the Application for Permit and Variance filed by Duke Power Company?
Mr. Andrews: I have. I've checked int° this since it was first
presented to the State. Other members of my staff have also studied it
very carefully.
Mr. Botch: I hand you paper writing and ask you if you can identi-
fy it.
Mr. Andrews: I can.
Mr. Botch: What is it?
Mr. Andrews: I signed this. It is a letter to Mr. E. C. Hubbard,
Assistant Director.
Mr. Botch: Did it concern this project?
Mr. Andrews: Yes it does.
Mr. Botch: I hand you another paper. I'd like to have this marked
Staff Exhibit 1. I hand you another paper writing and ask you if you can
identify it.
Mr. Andrews: I can.
Mr. Botch: What is it?
Mr. Andrews: It's a letter to Mr. Hubbard containing a statement
which I asked to give to this hearing. They have not seen this.
Mr. Botch: Thank you. I'd like to have this marked Staff Exhibit
2. Mr. Chairman, we'd like to offer these in submission of evidence.
Chairman Johnson: Accepted.
Mr. Botch: Mr. Andrews, for the purpose of getting these Exhibits
before the Committee today, I'd like for you to read these two letters.
Mr. Andrews: This first letter is a letter to Mr. Hubbard, dated
December 2nd, '69. (Exhibit 1, letter to Mr. E. C. Hubbard from Mr.
Ralph J. Andrews, dated December 2, 1969, was read into the record and
is included at the end of these proceedings.)

- 19 -
Mr. Bolch: That's the first one. Would you read the second one?
Mr. Andrews: This is to Mr. Hubbard. (Exhibit 2, letter to Mr.
E. C. Hubbard from Mr. Ralph J. Andrews, dated January 22, 1970, was
read into the record and has been included at the end of these proceed-
ings.)
Mr. Bolch: Mr. Andrews, have you been present at the entire hear-
ing this morning?
Mr. Andrews: Yes, I have.
Mr. Bolch: And you heard the testimony of Mr. Lee?
Mr. Andrews: I heard it and was very much impressed with it.
Mr. Botch: Do you still have the same opinion now that you had
when you wrote these letters?
Mr. Andrews: I do have.
Mr. Bolch: That's all the questions I have. You may cross examine,
Mr. Biesecker.
Mr. Biesecker: No cross examination, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Bolch: Thank you, Mr. Andrews.
Mr. Andrews: I'd like to make one other voluntary statement.
Mr. Bosch: O.K.
Mr. Andrews: At my age and as close to retirement as I am, I can
make it without fear of any personal consideration. I want to express
appreciation of the State for the fine work of this Board which is
probably one of the most important of the present and certainly of the
future needs of this State. I, also, want to say that I've watched
your personnel, Mr. George Pickett, Earle Hubbard, "Nip" Page and others
in operation on everything from the huge Coastal Plains Regional Develop-
ment Commission, the Marine Science Council, the Apalachian Programs and
even down to the small agencies. And I've seen them operate in ways in
which you ab Board Members can certainly be proud. I certainly am and I
want to express my gratitude and appreciation both to the Board and to
the Staf .
Mr. Bolch: Thank you very much, Mr. Andrews. Mr. J. H. Cornell.
Chairman Johnson: Mr. Cornell, do you promise to tell the truth,
the whole truth and nothing but the truth?
Mr. Cornell: I do.
Chairman Johnson: Take the stand.
Mr. Botch: State, for the record, your full name, please, sir.
Mr. Cornell: J. Harry Cornell.

- 20 - .
Mr. Botch: Mr. Cornell, where do you live?
Mr. Cornell: Holly Springs, North Carolina.
Mr. Botch: By whom are you employed?
Mr. Cornell: The State of North Carolina, Wildlife Resources Com-
mission,
Mr. Botch: In what capacity?
Mr. Cornell: I'm the Chief Fishery Biologist.
Mr. Botch: In such capaci"y, have you had an occasion to review
the application for Permit and the application for Variance filed by
Duke Power Company in this matter?
Mr. Cornell: I hive.
Mr. Botch: Have you co:r,:;. to any ovnion concerning this applica .ion
for Permit and Variance?
Mr. Cornell: My opinion is restricted to the field of Fisheries= and
I believe the construction of the projectwill be beneficial to the fish-
ermen of North Carolina, representing some 20 some odd percent of the
total population.
Mr. Balch: I see Would you tike to make any other statement at
this time?
M . Cornell: I would like to expand on what Mr. Lee said about
the fi hery. He pointed out that there would be some 650 acres of wafer
that would be unaffected by temperature variance, essentially this lower
arm and the upper parts of the other arms of the lake. Unaffected means
that the water would be exactly the same temperature as if the reservoir
were not there. Now the fishes that will be in this lake, that we will
stock in it, at least as necessary, will be the sunfishes, large mouth
bass, and possibly white bass. We will also stock threadfin shad in it
as a forage fish. This is not a sportsman fish, but it is the basis of
the food supply which provides for an optimum game fish population. The
Centrarchids, that is the sunfishes and the bass have a lethal tempera-
ture of approximately 95°. So in reviewing the temperature forecasts for
the various parts of this Lake, it should be observed that temperayures
less than 95° will provide good habitat for these warm water species.
And that will vary, of course, with the different seasons of the year
where the heat pollution will be added to the high summer temperatures.
This 95° range will expand, but I believe it will never exceed approxi-
mately half the lake. And as Mr . Lee pointed out, the warm water will be
on the surface, but there will be suitable temperature for fish below
the surface. So the fishing potential then of this lake will extend at
all seasons from about here at this now arm, include this whole area of
the lake (referring to the map) and, as Mr. Lee pointed out, the water
coming back into the plant will be of normal temperature. So this will
all be fish producing water. The only part that will not be, will be
the immediate mixing zone in, I guess this is West Fork, I believe,
where the wazm water comes out of the plant through the canal and, under
most adverse circumstances, this small area here. During the rest of

- 21 -
the year, the only place where we will not expect to have good fish
production is right here in the immediate mixing zone outside the plant.
This has another favorable aspect so far as fish populations are con-
cerned and that is the warm winter type temperature which will be main-
tained by the effluent water. The threadfin shad, we have found over
this last several years by its presence as a forage fish, will produce
better game fish populations than a natural fish fauna can provide. The
threadfin shad is an imported species from the lower Mississippi Valley
and their lethal temperature, minimum temperature, is around 50 degrees,
so when the water falls measurably below 50 degrees these fish will dip.
However, with this warm water effluent we can stock threadfin shad in
here and there will be survivors through the winter to replentish the
lake for the next season. In the other lakes we have in the State with
similar situations, we have found that we have much better game fish
population if there's a source of warm water to carry our threadfin ,had
over during the winter. So we would expect then that from two to three
thousand acres depending on the season of the year, would provide opti-
mum fish habitat in thi lake, for the production of game fish. This
will be contra ted with the pre,ent fi hery resource in these creeks. I
have looked up the record; on it. The fishing resource at the present
time consists of gigging suckers in an early spring run. That's all.
We will expect then that the sportsmen will lose their sucker run because
the ackers cannot come up through the dam. We will expect them to gain
from two Co three thou>and acres of excellent fishing water. I think the
sportsmen of the State then ahould rea onably welcome the construction
of this: reservoir.
M Botch. Mr. Cornell, were you present when Mr. Lee testified?
Mr. Corn 11: Yes, >ir.
Mr. Bolch Were you present and heard the cross examination of
Mr. Lee?
M. . Cornell: Yes.
Mr. Belch: Do you have any opinion about. .. . You heard him testi-
fy abo t Le lower oxygen content in the hypolimnion?
Mr. Cornell: Yes. The stratification of the reservoir is a per-
fectly normal phenomenon and has nothing to do with the operation of the
team pl<:ntU This same situation will be found in Lake Waccamaw, Mat-
tamuskeet aid any of the natural lakes and has even been recorded in mud
p ddles by :-some fine scientific measuring devices. It is a perfectly
o mal phenomenon.
Mr. Botch: I see. It's not increa ed any by the steam plant?
Mr. Cornell: No, sir, because the warm water from the steam plant
will float on the surface of the reservoir
Mr. Belch: I see. Would the lowered oxygen content or the settling
out of iron and manganese in these lower levels, adversely affect fish
life?
Mr. Cornell: The iron and manganese have no effect on the fish.
That effects the water that may be withdrawn from it for domestic con-
sumption. That's what turns white clothes black in the presence of soap

- 22 -
sud;, but it doesn't effect the fish. The fish are not going to be there
anyway. In the characteristic normal hypolimnion, the decomposition of
organic matter uses up the oxygen. And this hypolimnion is a layer of
water that grows during the summer and the deoxygenated area expands as
the bacteria use up the oxygen in the hypolimnion. Finally, the decom-
position of Leaves, of any detritus, is a food for the bacteria until
they use up all the oxygen. This has nothing to do with a steam plant
as such. This is characteristic of normal waters.
Mr. Bolch: I have no further questions. You may cross examine,
Mr. Biesecker.
Mr. Biesecker: I don't have any cross examination.
Mr. Botch: O.K. Thank you very much, Mr. Cornell, Mr. Chairman,
it has come to my attention that the Department of Water and Air Resourc..s
has invited members of the general public to present whatever views they
might have with regard to this application. I now request that the Chair
inquire of the audience whether there are any persons present who wish
to be heard. If there are, would they please come forward and confer
with me.
Chairman Johnson: Anyone like to be heard? Got any guests that
have an opinion?
Mr. Bolch: If not, Mr. Chairman, that concludes the case for the
Staff and the Department,
Mr. Biesecker: That concludes the evidence for the applicant, Duke
Power Company.
Chairman Johnson: Mrs. Wall, please Let the record show that six
Members of the North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources, including
the Honorable S. Vernon Stevens, received this testimony; therefore, we
will officially call this hearing closed. Excuse me, before I close the
hearing, would you Attorneys wish to file additional briefs, findings of
facts, etc.? Mr. Bosch, do you wish. ..
Mr. Botch: The Attorney General does not wish to do so, but I under-
stand that Mr. Biesecker may want some time to file proposed findings of
facts including the law and a brief.
Mr. Biesecker: Contrary to my previous discussion, Tom, I think
now that we will not request permission to file proposed findings of
facts and conclusions of law. We will let the record stand as it is com-
posed at this stage.
Chairman Johnson: Well, I'm delighted to hear both of you say that
in order to get on with the business. In that case we will officially
close this hearing and, Mr. Biesecker and, also, Mr. Lee, you know the
Committee will consider all the evidence, the testimony given today, and
prepare their proposed findings of fact included in the law. The proposed
orders will be presented to the full Board of the final decision of this
matter. I can't tell you exactly when the Board can make this decision.
Mr. Lee, I know you are pushed for time. We brought in sufficient Members
of the Board today to present the case and not have to go through this
whole thing again. As soon as our Staff prepares the paper work, we will

- 23 -
forward it to the Board. You see six Members of the Board sitting here.
You should get an answer in a reasonable length of time.
I can't tell
you when. Is there any further business? If not I believe it will be
cess
n order, slucOandr public continueathegis over, to meeting. (Theehearingrlunch adjourneddatome
back after lunch
11150 a. m.)

- 24 -
PERSONS IN ATTENDANCE AT PUBLIC HEARING
Pollution Control Committee Members
Board Of Water And Air Resources
*Mr. P. Greer Johnson, Committee Chairman
Mr. S. Vernon Stevens, Jr., Chairman of the Board
Mr. J. Nelson Gibson, Jr.
Mr. W. Grady Stevens
Mr. Raymond S. Talton
Department Of Water And Air Resources
Staff Members
Colonel George E. Pickett
*Mr. E. C. Hubbard
*Mr. D. L. Coburn
Mr. W. E. Knight
Colonel D. E. McDonald
Mr. T. H. Walker
Mr. J. R. Taylor
Mr. W. C. Mills
Mr. Larry E. Davis
Mr. A. A. Renn
Mrs. Marjorie T. Carmichael
Mrs. Jackie Wall, Recording Secretary
Others
*Mr. J. E. Biesecker, Attorney, Duke Power Company
*Mr. William S. Lee, Vice President, Engineering, Duke Power Company
Mr. Charles A. Dewey, Jr., Principal Environmental Engineer, Duke Power Co.
*Mr. Ralph J. Andrews, Conultant, Department of Local Affairs
*Mr. J. H. Cornell, Chief, Div. of Inland Fisheries, Wildlife Resources Comm.
Mr. Robert B. Hazel, Asst. Director, Wildlife Resources Commission
Mr. G. C. Goodard, Jr., Supe. Hydrologist, U. S. Geological Survey
Mr. James F. Turner, Jr., Hydrologist, U. S. Geological Survey
Mr. R. D. Stout, President, Southern Mapping (56 Engineering Company
Mr. Ray E. Shaw, Jr., Supt. Water & Sewer Dept., City of Greensboro
Mrs. D. G. Sharp, Chairman, Chapel Hill Water Resource State Board;
representing N. C. State League of Women Voters
Mr. H. M. Hunsucker, DDS
Miss Lyndal Warren, Wilmington-Star
Mr. Arthur Johnsey, Greensboro Daily News
Mr. Bob Farrington, WPTF Radio Station
Mr. Dick Hatch, United Press International
Mr. Paul Jablow, Charlotte Observer
Mr. Joe Roster, Winston-Salem Journal-Sentinel
*Mr. Thomas Balch, Attorney General's Office
Mr. Thomas Kane, Attorney General's Office
*Participated in proceedings.

Duke Power Company Belews Creek Steam Station Engineering Report
November 17, 1969

ENGINEERING REPORT
BELEWS CREEK STEAM STATION
DUKE POWER COMPANY
COOLING LAKE AND ASH SETTLING BASIN
Charlotte N. C.
Revised: November 17, 1969

•
1. INTRODUCTION
This report presents engineering information in support of Duke Power
Company's application for permits before the North Carolina Board of Water
and Air resources covering a cooling lake, ash settling basin, and related
dams for Belews Creek Steam Station.
2. DESCRIPTION
2. 1 Site
Belews Lake, an artificial lake which will serve as the source and receptor
of condenser cooling water will be formed by a dam located in southwestern
Rockingham County and partially in southeastern Stokes County just north of
the confluence of West Belews Creek with Belews Creek. The 3863 acre lake will
be partially in Stokes, Rockingham, Forsyth and Guilford Counties. The 2286 mw
coal-fired steam station will be located in the extreme southeastern corner of
Stokes County on the West Belews Creek arm of the lake. The station will be
about 16 miles northeast of Winston-Salm and about 15 miles north-northwest of the
Greensboro-High Point Airport.
Enclosed as a part of this application are prints of the following drawings,
Belews Creek Steam Station, Units ##1 and #2:
BC-1 Reservoir Map, Dated 11/17/69
bt.-c alte Tian, r% v i iii//o
BC-3 Layout, Dam, Dikes and Spillway, rev 11/17/69
BC-4 Dam, Dikes and Spillway, Typical Details, rev 11/17/69
BC-17 Reservoir Area - Volume Curve and Hydraulic Data dated 11/17/69
2.2 Condenser Cooling Water Lake
The lake will be impounded by a compacted earthfill dam approximately 3400 feet
long with approximately 5400 feet of adjacent dikes.
The lake at "full pond" elevation, 725 feet above mean sea level , has a surface
area of 3863 acres.
The unique geography of the lake affords advantages in providing several rather
distinct zones within the lake. The warmed cooling water is to be discharged
from the steam station into the upper reaches of the West Belews Creek arm and
will flow in a southwesterly direction. After initial rapid cooling, the cooling
water will flow through the canal across the pennisula and then northeasterly
down the main Belews Creek arm of the lake around the pennisula returning to the
station intake. Thus about 1000 acres at the northern end of the lake, including
the remote 325 acre cove southeast of dam, are somewhat removed from the expected
cooling water circuit.

2
2.3 Steam Station
The two 1143 mw (1, 143,000kw) units will operate on a supercritical pressure cycle
with a single reheat producing steam conditions of 3500 psig, 1000°F with reheat
to 1000°F. A unit consisits of one 1143mw turbine-generator, a companion boiler,
one steam condenser plus appropriate individual auxiliaries such as stack,
electrostatic precipitators, pumps, etc.
Condensers are designed for 18°F cooling water temperature rise using 1260 cfs
cooling water flow per condenser as the normal operating mode during the
March-November period. During December through February, the cooling water flow
will be reduced to about 840 cfs and the temperature rise increased to 27°F
for slightly less total heat rejection but faster heat dissipation in the
cooling lake. Equipment will be installed to mechanically clean the condenser tubes.
The steam station will be equipped with high-efficiency flyash collection equipment
and sewage treatment facilities, both of which will be the subject of later
applications for permits from the North Carolina Department of Water and Air
Resources.
2.4 Estimated Cost
$ 16,000,000 Cooling Lake
$ 900,000 Ash Settling Basin
$269,347,000 For Entire Project
3. EXPECTED WATER TEMPERATURES IN COOLING LAKE
Water temperatures expected were calculated by methods published by C. J. Velz and
Associates and checked by methods developed by research sponsored by the Edison
Electric institute. Both of these methods were applied to actual measurements
made on Lake Wylie near Duke's Allen Steam Station to develop correlation and con-
firmation of procedures. Temperatures and other data were calculated for U. S.
Weather Bureau normal , or long range, meteorological conditions as well as for the
extreme weather conditions of record.
The following conditions served as a basis for temperature calculations:
a. Meteorological conditions were established as monthly averages of the
Greensboro-High Point and Raleigh-Durham U. S. Department of Commerce
Environmental Science Services Administration Airport weather stations.
b. No reservoir cooling credit was taken for advection of heat due to water
leaving or entering reservoir, or due to precipitation.
c. Circulatory path of condenser cooling water was considered analogous to a river
current and only 2050 acres of the 3863 acre pond were considered to afford
cooling for temperatures in excess of natural temperatures.

3
d. Solar Insolation values were assumed to be the same as measured on Lake
Norman in Catawba and Iredell Counties and as confirmed by U. S. Weather
Bureau reports.
e. During winter months, (December, January and February) the cooling water flow
rate will be reduced to 2/3 normal for thermodynamic reasons resulting in
slightly decreased heat rejection and 3/2 normal temperature rise through
condensers.
The results of the temperature forecast studies are presented in Tables 1 and
11 below. Reference to drawing No. BC-1 , Reservoir Map, will assist in
interpretation of data for locations (A) through (E).
TABLE I
NORMAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
MONTHLY AVERAGE FORECAST OF WATER SURFACE TEMPERATURES
Steam Plant Outlet From
Outlet Main Body Lake Into Steam Plant
Temperatures Location of Lake Streambed Intake
°F °F °F °F °F
Month • (A) (B) (C) (0) (E)
Jan 81 .0 67.0 51,0 45.0 54.0
Feb 83.0 68.5 51.0 48.0 c6.o
Mar 82.0 73.5 61.0 55.0 64,0
Apr 88.5 79.0 68.5 64.0 70.5
May 97.5 88.0 78.0 73.5 79.5
Jun 103.5 93.5 84.0 80.0 85.5
Jul 106.0 96.0 86.5 83.o 88.o
Aug105.5
9 95.5 86.0 82.5 87.5
Sep 99.5 90.0 80.0 75.5 81 .5
oct 91 .0 82.0 70.5 65.5 73.0
Nov 81 .5 73.0 60.0 53.5 63.5
Dec 82.0 68.0 52.0 45.0 55.0
Averages 91.$ 81.2 69.2 64.2 71.5
Note: Refer to Drawing BC-1.
TABLE 11
EXTREME CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
MONTHLY AVERAGE FORECAST OF WATER SURFACE TEMPERATURES
Steam Plant
Outlet Main Body Lake Into Steam Plant
Temperatures Location of Lake Streambed Intake
of of of of eF
Month (A) (B) (c) (o) (E)
73.5 59.0 54.0 61.0
Feb 88.0 73.0 59.0 53.5 61.0

4
TABLE 11 (Con't)
Month (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
Mar 87.0 78.5 66.5 61.5 69.0
Apr 92.5 83.0 72.5 68.0 74.5
May 101 .5 92,0 81.5 77.0 83.5
Jun 106.0 96.5 87.0 84.0 88.0
Jul 107.5 98.0 88.5 85.0 89.5
Aug 107.0 97.5 87.5 84.0 89.0
Sep 102.0 92.5 83.0 78.5 84.0
Oct 96.0 87.0 76.0 71 .0 78.0
Nov 86.5 76.5 65.0 59.0 68.5
Dec 87.5 73.0 58.5 52.5 60.5
Averages 95.8 85. 1 73.7 69.0 75.5
Note: Refer to Drawing No. BC-l.
4. WATER BUDGET AND STREAMFLOW RELEASES
The three streams, East Belews Creek, West Belews Creek and Belews Creek, flowing
into the impoundment are quite small and have a combined drainage area of about
78 square miles above dam. Records of USGS Gauging Station No. 2A0690.50
(later designated 2-0690.5) indicate a minimum seven consecutive days flow
of 6.50 cfs for Belews Creek, recurring at 10 year intervals and 10,0 cfs
at five year intervals. This gauging station, used periodically, is located
.u..nn• nnn_i.-.1i ...01.. I+n1.... *An nrmmnenA d , (C.. �
a �:nnnnirai C„rvnv 41a1-F,r
Supply Paper 1761, dated 1963, pg. 91)
Creation of the cooling lake and its heat dissipation function will increase
evaporative water losses over those that would be experienced by the unimpounded
stream. Conversely, elimination of evapo-transpirational losses from the
impounded land will make 100 percent of rainfall over the lake's surface
available for streamflow. The project will permit a five foot drawdown of the
lake thus making available about 18,000 acre feet of storage to augment stream-
flow during periods of low flows. Water budget calculations show that use of
this storage will allow a minimum discharge from the lake of 10.0 cfs, which is
equal to the minimum 5 year, 7 day flow. Any upstream withdrawals or diversions,
over which Duke has no control are to be considered a part of the 10.0 cfs minimum
discharge. Minimum releases from the lake will be measured by calibrated weir
in the spillway outlet works. .
It is estimated that the net effect of this impoundment and Its heat dissipation
function will be to reduce the average streamflow from 95 cfs to 64 cfs. A
stream-electric generating plant of similar capacity would effect a consumptive loss
of about 60 cfs if the condenser circulating water were to be cooled exclusively by
cooling towers. Thus the cooling lake will support 2286 mw of new electric generating
capacity consistent with maximum conservation of average flows.
The temperature of the water released from the lake is expected to closely approach
the water temperature which would naturally occur in such an impoundment; however,
the outlet works are designed to permit selective multilevel releases. Energy
dissipation devices at the spillway outlet will provide mixing and aeration

5
of releases. Lake discharge water temperatures and flows are to be monitored by
appropriate instrumentation reporting to the steam station operators.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
5. 1 Station Design Factors
The thermodynamic efficiency of the station is expected to be 39.75 percent
(Heat Rate 8580 btu/net kwh). This high station efficiency results in a substatial
reduction in coal and cooling water requirements per kilowatthour of useful
output.
After being cleaned by high-efficiency flyash precipitators, gaseous products of
combustion will be discharged at a velocity of about 100 ft per second and a
temperature of 260°F through two stacks at least 400 ft above station yard level .
It is expected that SO emissions and flyash deposition rates will be well within
the anticipated regulatory maximum ground level concentrations
Conservative engineering practices have been observed in allowances for cooling
water quantities and temperature decay rates.
It is expected that this entire project will be compatible with the area
environment.
5.2 Conformance With Water Quality Standards
The streams to be impounded by the cooling lake are variously classified as
Class C (fishing) or Class D (industrial). For each of these classifications, the
Water Quality Standards adopted by the Board of Water and Air Resources on
January 30, 1968, provide for water discharge temperatures not to exceed 7°F
above ambient or 95°F maximum when measured "at such times and locations as to be
representative of the receiving waters after reasonable opportunity for dilution
and mixture" (quotation from Section II , Rule 3). Utilizing the mixing capability
of the spillway outlet works, studies show conclusively that the outlet water
temperatures from this cooling lake will comply with these Water Ouality Standards.
The bases of the application for permit are .that measurements to establish degree
of conformance with water quality standards shall be taken where discharges from
the cooling lake re-enter the stream bed of Belews Creek, and that criteria
representative of the naturally occuring temperatures of lake discharges, free
of steam station influences, shall be deemed benchmark data for compliance.
Water temperatures are expected to be consistent with the above water quality
standards outside the boundary of the zone of mixing and heat dissipation. The
waters outside this zone include the three headwater arms of the lake lying
upstream of the railroad crossings of West Belews Creek, Belews Creek and East
Belews.Creek respectively plus the cove lying southeast of the dam.
Although not expected, should the forecast temperatures of Tables 1 and Il prove
in substantial error, sites have been reserved on the cooling lake for as many
as two future floating skimmer walls which would divert warmed surface waters
into backwater coves to increase effective cooling surface.

6
The temperature rise through condensers, the water discharge temperatures, and the
expected rates of heat dissipation from the lake are consistent with Duke's ex-
perience of up to 40 years at nine other steam stations where no harmful effects
on ecology have been observed.
5.3 Water and Air Duality Assurance
The lake will be included in Duke Power Company's present comprehensive
limnological surveillance and study program. Thisprogram provides periodic
surveys of water chemistry, temperatures, sanitation and mosquito control
parameters under the guidance of recognized consultants in this field. Studies
in depth or of expanded scope are made when the surveillance program, or other
interests, deem them necessary.
Also, as is our present practice, all major equipment in the station, including
air pollution control apparatus, will be field tested to assure initial quality
of performance, and periodically tested therafter to insure satisfactory
performance.
5.4 Fish and Wildlife Values
A 1968 N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission publication, "A Catalog of the
inland Fishing Waters in North Carolina," states on pages 103 and 104, as
follows, in summary, regarding Belews Creek:
..�. ��___•� _ `' c f:nrnr:,) P..mar4¢
Name Ecological Sanitation
Belews Largemouth Fishing Fishing pressure very light - sunfish,
(1-24) "C" catfish and suckers.
West Robin- Fishing Ditto
(Little) warmouth "C"
Belews
(1-24-1)
West Dace Fishing No fishing significance except spring
Belews Trickle "C" sucker gigging.
East Robin- Fishing Fishing pressure ranges from "light '
Belews Warmouth "C" to "no" fishing significance except for
(1-24-2) spring sucker gigging.
Due to the configuration of the lake, a large arm lying southeast of the dam is
essentially removed from involvement in the station water cooling circuit. It is
expected that biota, particularly fish populations, will carry out breeding
activities in this most distant and isolated arm if other areas of the lake
occasionally prove to be unsuitable.

7
Formation of the impoundment should stabilize the biota under conditions similar
to those found in small lakes and reservoirs of Piodmont North Carolina. The
proposed lake should result in good fishing compared to the present insignificant
fishing in these waters. This should be a significant benefit to sportsmen in the
area along with the associated improvement in local economy.
5.5 Public Recreation
It is expected that much of the cooling lake will be suitable for public recreation
and the cove southeast of the dam will be fully suitable for public recreations
without noticeable influence from the steam plant. On the shore of this cove,
launching ramps, parking areas, and other recreational facilities will be
provided by Duke for enjoyment of the public. These facilities will be
planned in cooperation with the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission and the
North Carolina Recreation Commission. Because of the limited suitable shoreline
available, Duke has no present plans to lease individual lots on Company-owned
land for private use.
6. ASH SETTLING AND STORAGE BASIN
A 350 acre ash settling and storage basin will be constructed in Stokes County
about 6000 ft northwest of the generating station. Both bottom and flyash from the
station boilers will be conveyed hydraulically to the basin. Estimated sluice
water flow for the ultimate plant is 5 mgd,
After settling of suspended solids, sluice water will be returned to cooling lake
and outlet works at other Duke generating stations, it is expected water returned
to reservoir will have average Ph of about 10, alkalinity (ppm CaCO3) of about
500 maximum, and total dissolved solids (ppm) of about 570 maximum. It is
expected that removal of suspended solids will be almost complete (99 percent
plus) , with the basin effluent normally containing less suspended matter than the
raw service water pumped from the cooling lake for ash sluicing.
The storage capacity of the basin will be approximately 20,000,000 cubic yards,
which is adequate to serve the ultimate plant for about 25 years.
The estimated cost of basin, dike, and outlet works is $700,000.
For typical section through ash basin dike, see Drawing BC-4,
7. DESIGN OF DAMS AND DIKES
Belews Creek Dam, saddle dikes, and ash basin dike will be constructed of
compacted earth fill selected from suitable native materials, chiefly clayey silts and
silty sands. An extensive field arta laboratory investigation of foundation con-
ditions and available fill materials has been conducted. This work included soil
borings, rock core drilling, opening of test pits, field and laboratory
classification of soils, and a wide range of laboratory testing procedures.
Using well-established stability analysis procedures, the test results were used in
the detailed design of the earth structures.

State of North Carolina Utilities Commission Order-July 15, 1969

j'afide of artli 0laralina
gtiiities Cannnission
�zlei�ti
DOCKET NO. E-7, SUB 110
BEFORE THE NORTH CAROLINA UTILITIES COMMISSION
In the Matter of
Application of Duke Power Company for
Certificate of Public Convenience and
Necessity under Chapter 287, 1965 )
Session Laws of North Carolina (G. S.
62-110.1) Authorizing Construction of New )
Generating Capacity on Belews Creek in ) ORDER GRANTING CERTIFICATE
Stokes County, North Carolina ) or PUBLIC CONVENIENCE AND
moss=
BY THE COt4[ISSION. This proceeding was instituted on May 24
1969, by the filing of Application by Duke Power Company fog
Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity under G. S. 62-110,1
to construct new generating capacity on Belews Creek in Stokes County,
North Carolina. By Order of the Commission dated May 19, 1969, public
notice has been duly published once a week for four (4) successive
-.-asks in The Greensboro Daily News and The Winston-Salem J9 rnal
Sentinel, daily newspapers of general circulation in Stokes County,
North Carolina, as appears from the Affidavits of publication now on
le in this cause. No complaint or written protest to the granting
of the request of Duke Power Company ("Company") for a Certificate of
is Convenience and Necessity to construct new electric generating
ilities on Belews Creek in Stokes County, North Carolina, have beeil
Cited within the time specified in such notices. The Application has
considered and determined on the basis of the verified representa-
tions in the Application and the public records on file with the
Commission.
From such the Commission makes the followings
FINDINGS OF PACT
1. The Company is a corporation organized and existing under
the laws of the State of North Carolina, and is a public utility operat-
ing in North and South Carolina where it is engaged in the business of
generating, transmitting, distributing and selling electric power and
energy.

%Th
4e722,800 kw of base load, steam electric generating
the following peaking capacity 4 combustion turbine
'ese and hydro-electric generating capacity of 862,359 kw for a eexhined
e otal generating capacity of 5,954,159 kw, and the Company has ender
construction 3,340,000 kw of steam electric generating capacty and
e 5,000 kw of hydro-electric generating capacity.
3. The Company's facilities are directly interconnected
the neighboring electric utilities and the Company ie e member of
the CARVA Pool.
4. The Company needs and proposes to construct two steam
electric generating units, each with a nominal rating of about 1050 mw
and expected capability of 1144 mw net, to be located et e now station
aeat eelews Creek in Stokes County, North Caroliee f:AL- and
7- .7 additional generating capaeety for Its allocated 61.e.
2a.a.VA Pool requirements.
5. The Company's estimated firm load peak demand for the
aemmer 974 plus requirements for reserve capacity, will reece
aelexte ly 10,900,000 kw. These forecasts make it necessary for tha
Company to install the new generating capacity described above in order
to meet this anticipated load and maintain an adequate reserve margin
ee generating capacity. These steam electric generating units
eenresent the most reliable and economical type of base load capacity
eeat
can he brought into service in time to meet the projected
6, The Company has financial ability to pay foe eeetreeiien
and installation of the new generating units which are presently
ted to cost $269,347,000.00.
CONCLUSIONS
The Commisnion finds and concludes that public convonforwo
and necessity require construction and installation by the Company of
the new generating capacity hereinafter described, in that (a) such
c.3cilities will, provide the generating capacity to me
load forecast of the Company for the years 1974 and
facilities are the most economical and dependable typ,
capacity which the Company can provide in time to mee . 3
ioad; and (c) such facilities are required to maintai

3
pendabl+k electric service for the Company s
provide its proportionate share of increased generating capacity
rte: irement for the operation of the CARVA Pool.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED:
1. That Duke Power Company is authorized to install and
operate on Belews Creek in Stokes County, North Carolinat two steam
electric generating units, each with a nominal rating of 1050 mw and
expected capacity of 1144 mw net. Each generating unit will consist
coal-fired boiler equipment, a steam turbine, an electric generator
and the necessary auxiliary equipment. The output of the generating
units will be delivered through step-up transformers to the Company' .
230 kv system. An artificial lake will be constructed by impoundment
of Belews Creek to provide a source of cooling water for the generating
units and to effectively dissipate heat from the stations,s condensers.
2. That this Order constitutes a Certificate of Public
..- :venience and Necessity for the installation and operation of the
-4-eve-described facility.
By Order of the Commission.
This the /5 day of July, 1969.
NORTH CAROLINA UTILITIES COMMIS:nor
+fl�tA? VIJRQ.AAL,S r& /S.-o r
By
Mary Laurens Richardson, Chief tLt

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