NC002644_Modification_20181017

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ROY COOPER NORTH CAROLINA
Governor Environmental Quality
MICHAEL S.REGAN
Secretary'
LINDA CULPEPPER
Inrerfm Director
October 17,2018
Mr. Bryan Thompson,Town Manager
Town of Siler City
P.O. Box 769
Siler City,North Carolina 27344-0769
Subject: NPDES Permit Modification
Permit Number NC0026441
Siler City WWTP
Chatham County
Grade IV Biol.WPCS,SIC 4952
Dear Mr. Thompson:
Per our letter of June 8,2017,the Division has determined that cause exists to reopen and
modify Siler City's NPDES permit to add nitrogen limitations and related conditions.The draft
permit and fact sheet are enclosed for your review and comment. Please review these carefully
to ensure you understand the proposed changes.
At this time,the Division is submitting a notice to one or more newspapers of general
circulation in the Chatham County area,inviting public comment on the draft permit. The
notice is scheduled for publication on or about October 19th.The 30-day public comment period
begins upon publication and should extend through Monday,November 19th. Following the
close of the comment period,the Division will consider all pertinent comments received before
taking final action on the proposed permit.
Please provide any comments you have regarding the draft permit to this office,in writing,no
later than Monday,November 19th. Comments should be addressed to my attention at either
NCDEQ/ DWR,WQ Permitting Section,1617 Mail Service Center,Raleigh,NC,27699-1617;or
at [e-mail].
The draft permit includes the following changes to the Town's current permit:
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North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality I Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 11617 Mail Service Center I Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1617
919 707 9000

NPDES Permit Modification
Permit Number NC0026441
October 17,2018
• Special Condition A.(1.)now includes an annual TN limit of 73,058 lb/yr,to become
effective no later than January 1,2023. This limit is equivalent to a concentration of 6.0 mg/L
TN at 4.0 MGD,or 200.2 lb/day TN.
• A new Special Condition A.(10.) establishes schedules for conducting a nitrogen
optimization study and for achieving compliance with the TN limit,either through
optimization measures or plant process improvements. The schedules are based on the
timeline proposed by the Town.
• A new Special Condition A.(11.) sets forth requirements for the nitrogen removal
optimization study and for reporting the results. Upon Division acceptance,the Town will
fully implement the selected measures until the plant process improvements are completed.
• A new Special Condition A.(12.) specifies how annual mass loads are to be calculated
The attached draft permit includes the cover pages,location map,and special conditions (Part I)
of the permit. The NPDES standard conditions (Parts II,III,and IV) are not included but can be
viewed online or downloaded at https://bit.ly/2BZ4xxx. These standard conditions are the
same as in your current permit except that agency and division names have been updated.
If you have any questions concerning the draft permit,please contact me at(919) 707-3603 or at
[e-mail].
Sincerely,
Michael E.Templeton,P.E.
Water Quality Permitting Section
Enclosure: Draft Permit and Fact Sheet,NC0026441
Copies(with end.): NPDES Files
eCopies(with end.): David Honeycutt,McGill Engineers
Forrest Westall,McGill Engineers
NPDES Permitting Section,EPA Region N
Danny Smith,Raleigh Regional Office,Surface Water Protection
Nora Deamer,Basin Planning Branch
Maureen McKinney,Wastewater Operator Certification Group
Susan Meadows,Water Sciences Section

DRAFT
DEQ/DWR
FACT SHEET FOR NPDES PERMIT MODIFICATION
NPDES No.NC0026441
FACILITY INFORMATION
Permittee: Siler City
Permittee Address: P.O. Box 769,Siler City,NC 27344-0769
Facility Name: Siler City WWTP
Facility Address: 370 Waste Treatment Pond Road Facility County: Chatham
Permitted Flow: 4.0 MGD Facility Status: Existing
Waste Type: Municipal(domestic and industrial) WWTP Grade: WW-IV
Facility Type: Municipal,with Full Pretreatment/LTMP SIC Code(s): 4952
WATERBODY INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Waterbody Name: Loves Creek River Basin: Cape Fear
Classification: C Regional Office: Raleigh
Subbasin: 03-06-02 USGS Topo Quad: E21NW
HUC8/12: 03030003/0503 Permit Action: Reopening/Modification
Drainage Area (mi2): 7.9 Permit Writer: Mike Templeton
Assessment Unit: 17-43-1Oc Date: October 17,2018—Draft Permit
7Q10 S/W(cfs): 0.25/0.4
Average Flow(cfs): 8.7
Listed: Biological integrity(benthos) •
Chl-a(Rocky River,downstream)
IWC(%): 96.1%
I. PERMIT ACTION
The Division is reopening and proposes to modify permit NC0026441 for the Siler City Wastewater
Treatment Plant(WWTP)to incorporate effluent limits for total nitrogen(TN)and associated control
requirements and compliance schedules.
This Fact Sheet describes the permitted facility,wastewater nutrient sources,receiving streams,and
current nutrient requirements;the proposed terms and conditions of the permit and the rationale for
the proposed changes;and the schedule and process for accepting and considering public comments
prior to the Division's final decision on the permit.
II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A. Facility and Permit Overview
Siler City owns and operates the Siler City WWTP,a 4.0 MGD activated sludge treatment plant.
Treatment units include bar screens,grit removal,influent pump station,flow equalization basin
(2.0 MG),dual oxidation ditches (2.015 MG each)with surface jet aeration,dual flocculating clarifiers
(90' 0)with chemical addition,four effluent filters,chlorine contact chamber,and dechlorination.
Solids are aerobically digested and removed as liquid sludge after thickening.
The Siler City WWTP has long treated a combination of high-strength wastewaters from two poultry
processing facilities (Pilgrim's Pride and Townsend Poultry)and its own municipal wastes.The
plant was designed to treat these mixed wastes and comply with the discharge limits for BOD5,
ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),and total phosphorus(TP)presented in Table 1.

DRAFT
Table 1.Existing Effluent Limitations(Partial List)
PARAMETER EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Monthly Average Weekly Average
BODS (April 1-Oct 31) 5.0 mg/L 7.5 mg/L
(Nov 1—March 31) 10.0 mg/L 15.0 mg/L
NH3 as N (April 1-Oct 31) 1.0 mg/L 3.0 mg/L
(Nov 1—March 31) 2.0 mg/L 6.0 mg/L
Total Phosphorus (April 1—Sept30)* 0.5 mg/L(quarterly average)
(Oct 1—March 31)* 2.0 mg/L(quarterly average)
Total Nitrogen Monitor Only
*Timeframes were modified to accommodate quarterly limits.
The permit has not included TN limits;thus,the plant was not designed with denitrification for
nitrogen removal.
B.Receiving Waters
The plant discharges treated wastewaters to Loves Creek,which flows 0.4 mile to the Rocky River
and then to the Cape Fear River.The IWC at Loves Creek is 96.1% (7Q1OS=0.25 cfs/0.16 MGD).
Although the plant has generally complied with its BOD5,NH3-N,and TP limits,a 2011 evaluation
by the Division found that
• high nitrogen levels in its discharge(31.5 mg/L average,2004-2008)were resulting in high
nitrogen concentrations downstream in Loves Creek and further downstream in the Rocky
River,and
• the high levels of nitrogen likely contributed to the excess aquatic plant and algal growth
observed in the Rocky River downstream of the WWTP and chlorophyll-a violations at
Woody's Dam.
The locations and median TN concentrations at the monitoring sites are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1.Water quality monitoring sites
}}} 66900000 Rocky River-Upstream
2009:December 2019
Medlan4ofel Nitrogen•b9 moll.
t
c N
ce.
68920000 Loves Creek-Downstream
AprIl 2909-December 2010
Median Total Nltrbpen•18 07 mg/L
B5890000 Love.Creek•Upstream
Median To Decorator 2010 AprI1sn Total Nitrogen•10 m91L 66980000 Rocky River-Downstream
April 2009-December 2010
Median Total Nitrogen•7.77 mgIL
• u.e 5.
680011000 Rocky River--10 Miles Damatream
April 2009-December 2010
Median Total Nitrogen•179 mglL
mom'^ Woody's Dam
Legend dune-September 2009
Median CNorophylla•49 0 u90. .�
p swceywwre b 2 Len
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Uondsnn98de e i w•ea,
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Woody's Dam Lake(Reaves Lake)was found to be impaired due to the chlorophyll-a violations and
was added to the state's 303(d)list of impaired waters,where it remains. (The lake was drained in
the summer of 2017,and the dam is scheduled for demolition.)Other impoundments in the Middle
Fact Sheet—NPDES Permit Modification
Siler City WWTP—NC0026441
Page 2

DRAFT
Cape Fear watershed,such as the Cape Fear River behind Buckhorn Dam,have also shown signs of
nutrient impacts from a variety of upstream sources and have been added to the 303(d)list.
The Division has not yet conducted nutrient studies in the watershed necessary to develop a
comprehensive nutrient management strategy.The Division's Scientific Advisory Council is
beginning work on water quality criteria for nutrients.However,that process is just beginning,and
results could still be several years away.
Thus,while there is a clear need to control Siler City's nitrogen discharge in order to protect
designated uses in Loves Creek and downstream waters,it has not yet been determined what
numeric nutrient limits are necessary and sufficient to protect water quality.
C.Projected Nitrogen Increases;Permit Action
The Division's report(April 2011)recommended that total nitrogen limits representing best
available technology be added to the permit at its 2011 renewal.However,the need for the limits
changed.Pilgrim's Pride had already closed its facility(May 2008),Townsend Poultry closed in
October 2011,and neither plant was expected to reopen in the foreseeable future.Without these
industrial inputs,effluent TN concentrations from the WWTP declined significantly.
Rather than add TN limits to the Town's permit,the Division added a reopener condition that
provided for the addition of nutrient limits if needed in the future.Special Condition A.(3.),Nutrient
Reopener,requires the Town to notify the Division if it intends to accept new industrial wastes with
nutrients greater than typical domestic wastes(40 mg/L TN,5 mg/L TP).It then authorizes the
Division to reopen the permit to add supplemental nutrient limits as necessary.
In May 2016,Siler City announced that Mountaire Farms Inc.would operate a new poultry
processing facility at the former Townsend Poultry site.Per Condition A.(3.)of its permit,the Town
notified the Division on December 9,2016,that it intended to accept wastewater from the industry
beginning in early 2019.Per its permit,the Town conducted a treatability analysis to evaluate the
impact of Mountaire Farms' initial(Phase 1)production levels on the Town's discharge.It later
conducted a second analysis to examine the impacts at full production(Phase 2).
Mountaire Farms will employ dissolved air floatation to reduce solids,organic wastes,and fats,oils
and grease prior to discharging to the Town's treatment plant.However,the pretreatment system is
not designed to remove total nitrogen.
The Town estimates that,with the addition of the pretreated poultry wastes,its plant's nitrogen
discharge will likely return to previous(2004-2008)levels or greater and impact the receiving waters
as before unless significant controls are implemented.The Town's effluent TN concentrations are
predicted to be 30 mg/L in Phase 1 and 38 mg/L at Phase 2.
The Division notified the Town by letter on June 8,2017,that it planned to reopen the permit to
address the nutrient issues.These proposed modifications are the result of that action.
III. RATIONALE FOR PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS
The reintroduction of poultry processing wastewaters presents several issues.The expected increase
in the Town's nitrogen discharge raises significant concerns about downstream water quality.The
lack of a definitive treatment standard means that a chosen TN limit could either result in
insufficient nutrient removal if too lenient or unnecessary expense to the Town if too stringent,or
both.
A tiered strategy emerged from discussions between the Division and the Town.It provides a
balanced approach for addressing these issues:
1. The Town will evaluate operational and low-cost measures in order to optimize the existing
plant's removal of nitrogen in the near term.
2. If it finds the plant can consistently meet its TN limit by these simpler means,the Town will
implement these measures rather than upgrade the plant.
Fact Sheet—NPDES Permit Modification
Siler City WWTP—NC0026441
Page 3

DRAFT
3. If the results are less successful,the Town will:
• upgrade the plant as soon as reasonably possible to meet its annual TN Load limit and
• complete the optimization study and implement the selected measures while the plant
upgrade is underway.A 30% reduction of TN would prevent the Town's effluent loads
from surpassing historic levels and so will serve as a working target.
The result of this strategy will be that,by the start of 2023,the nitrogen loads from the Town's
expanded plant will not exceed its current municipal-only discharge loads (that is,with no poultry
processing wastewaters).Loads will most likely increase in the interim,while plant improvements
are underway,but the optimization of plant performance will serve to offset that increase to some
degree.
The Town's TN loads for past,present,and estimated future discharges are summarized below and
illustrated in Figure 2.
• From January 2005 through December 2007,when the Pilgrim's Pride and Townsend Poultry
facilities were both operational,the Siler City WWTP discharged an average of 32 mg/L TN
at 2.5 MGD,or 667 lb/day TN.
• From February 2016 through August 2017,after both poultry plants had closed,the Town
discharged an average of 14 mg/L TN at 1.77 MGD,or 202 lb/day TN.
• The Town estimates that the first phase of production(0.7 MGD from Mountaire Farms)will
result in an average discharge of 30 mg/L at 2.57 MGD,or 643 lb/day TN,assuming no
improvements or optimization.
• Mountaire Farms now expects that it will increase production much sooner(Phase 2,1.25
MGD),and the Town estimates that this will increase its discharge to 38 mg/L at 3.12 MGD,
or 989 lb/day TN.
• If optimization is effective,it can help offset the increased input from Mountaire Farms
Figure 1 shows the results of 20% and 30% reductions.
• Upgrading its existing 4.0 MGD plant to achieve 6.0 mg/L TN will result in an average
design load of 200 lb/day TN at full flow.
It appears that,in order to prevent the Town's discharge from exceeding historic nitrogen loads,
either the Town will have to achieve greater than 30% reduction through optimization or Mountaire
Farms will have to limit its production until the start of 2023,when the Town's plant upgrades come
online.
W. PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS
Based on these considerations,the Division proposes to modify the Town's permit as follows:
• In Special Condition A.(1.),add an annual TN Load limit to become effective no later than
January 1,2023.
TN Load = 6.0 mg/L x 4.0 MGD x 8.34 x 365 days/year = 73,058 lb/yr
• Add a new Special Condition A.(10.)to establish a compliance schedule for conducting a
nitrogen optimization study and interim plant improvements necessary to meet the TN limit in
Condition A.(1.);the schedule is based on the timeline proposed by the Town.
• Add a new Special Condition A.(11.)to set forth requirements for a nitrogen removal
optimization study and for reporting the results.Upon Division acceptance,the Town will fully
implement the selected measures until the interim plant upgrades are completed.
• Add a new Special Condition A.(12.)to specify how annual mass loads are to be calculated.
Fact Sheet—NPDES Permit Modification
Siler City WWTP—NC0026441
Page 4

DRAFT
• Add Total Monthly Flow reporting requirements to Condition A.(1.) along with footnotes
referencing the new special conditions.
The proposed permit modification does not affect other limits or requirements of the permit.
Figure 2.Comparison of Nitrogen Discharge Loads
TN Loads -Siler City WWTP
(lb/day)
1,200
989
1,000
791
800
692
667 643
H 600
p 514
J
450
400
202 200
200
0
Actual, 2004- Actual, 2016- Est'd w/ -20%thru -30%thru Est'd w/ -20%thru -30%thru Target,4 mgd,
2008 2017 Mountaire- optimization optimization Mountaire-full optimization optimization end of 2022
(2 poultry) (no poultry) initial
Proposed Schedule for Permit Issuance:
Draft Permit to Public Notice: October 19,2018
Close of Comment Period: November 19,2018
Permit Scheduled to Issue: January 1,2019
State Contact:
If you have any questions on any of the above information or the attached permits,please contact
Mike Templeton at(919)707-3603 or [e-mail].
rm..) Shcct NPDLS Permit �1txIIlicuti�m
Siler City WW I I)_ NC(ll h_(ill l
(�aee 5

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1,other lawful standards and
regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission,and
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,as amended,the
Town of Siler City
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater from a facility located at the
Town of Siler City WWTP
370 Waste Treatment Plant Road
Chatham County
to receiving waters designated as Loves Creek within the Cape Fear River Basin
in accordance with effluent limitations,monitoring requirements,and other conditions set forth in Parts I,
II,III and IV hereof.
ThisP ermit shall become effective
This permit and authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight May 31,2019.
Signed this day
DRAFT
Linda Culpepper,Interim Director
Division of Water Resources
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
26441 siler city-2018 mod-draft 20181017TrCh.docx
10/15/2018 6:24:00 PM

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
All previous NPDES Permits issued to this facility, whether for operation or discharge are hereby revoked. As of this
permit issuance, any previously issued permit bearing this number is no longer effective. Therefore, the exclusive
authority to operate and discharge from this facility arises under the permit conditions, requirements, terms, and
provisions included herein.
The Town of Siler City
is hereby authorized to:
1. Continue to operate and discharge from the Siler City WWTP,a 4.0 MGD wastewater treatment facility
consisting of:
• Automatic and manual bar screens
• Grit collection unit
• Influent pump station
• Influent Equalization Basin(Zone 2)
• Dual oxidation ditches with surface jet aeration
• Flow Splitter Box
o Alum feed station
o Lime feed station
• Dual secondary clarifiers
• Dual Aerobic digesters
• Return Activated Sludge
• Sludge Transfer Station
• Dissolved Air Flotation Unit(Used as needed)
• Sludge Thickener Basin
• Influent equalization or Sludge Storage Basins(Zone 3 A&B used as needed)
• Four(4) tertiary filters
• Filter Backwash Basin
• Gaseous Chlorine Disinfection
• Chlorine contact chamber
• Gaseous Sulfur dioxide Dechlorination
• Step-Aeration
and located at 370 Waste Treatment Plant Road near Siler City in Chatham County;
2. Upon receipt of an Authorization to Construct from the Division of Water Resources,construct and
operate improvements that,at a minimum, add nutrient removal capabilities;and
3. Discharge treated process and domestic wastewater from said treatment works through Outfall 001 at
the location specified on the attached map into Loves Creek,which is classified as C waters in the Cape
Fear River Basin.
Page ii of iv

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
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—
Town of Siler City WWTP Facility 44111111
Latitude: 35°43'45" N State Grid/Ouad: E 21 NW/Siler City,NC Location
Longitude: 79°25'42" W Permitted Flow: 4.0 MGD not to scale
Receiving Stream: Loves Creek Drainage Basin: Cape Fear River Basin .. —
Stream Class: C Sub-Basin: 03-06-12NPDES Permit No.NC002644 1
North xuC: 030300030503 Chatham County
Page iii of iv

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
PART I-MONITORING,CONTROLS,AND LIMITATIONS FOR PERMITTED DISCHARGES
A.(1.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
[15A NCAC 02B .0400 et seq.,02B.0500 et seq.] Grade IV Biological WPCS [15A NCAC 08G .0302]
a. During the period beginning with the effective date and lasting until expiration,the Permittee is
authorized to discharge treated wastewater through Outfall 001. Such discharges shall be limited and
monitored by the Permittee as specified below:
EFFLUENT LIMITS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
PARAMETERS Monthly Weekly Daily Measurement Sample Sample
Average Average Maximum Frequency Type i Location
Flow 4.0 MGD Continuous Recording Influent or
Effluent
Total Monthly Flow(MG) Monitor and Report Monthly Recording or Influent or
Calculated Effluent
BOD,5 day,20°C 1 Influent
(April 1 thru October 31) 5.0 mg/L 7.5 mg/L 2/Week2 Composite and Effluent
BOD,5 day, 20°C 1 Influent
(November 1 thru March 31) 10.0 mg/L 15.0 mg/L 2/Week2 Composite and Effluent
Influent
Total Suspended Solids 1 30.0 mg/L 45.0 mg/L 2/Week2 Composite
and Effluent
NH3 as N 1.0 mg/L 3.0 mg/L Daily Composite Effluent
(April 1 thru October 31)
NH3 as N 2.0 mg/L 6.0 mg/L Daily Composite Effluent
(November 1 thru March 31)
Fecal Coliform 200/ 100 mL 400m100 2/Week2 Grab Effluent
(geometric mean)
Total Residual Chlorine(TRC)3 17µg/L Daily Grab Effluent
Temperature(°C) Daily Grab Effluent
Dissolved Oxygen Daily average > 6.0 mg/L Daily I Grab Effluent
pH > 6.0 and < 9.0 standard units Daily Grab Effluent
NO3-N + NO2-N(mg/L) Weekly Composite Effluent
TKN(mg/L) Weekly Composite Effluent
Total Nitrogen 4 Weekly Calculated Effluent
TN Load 5.e Monitor and Report(lb/mo) Monthly Calculated Effluent
73,058 lb/year Annually
Total Phosphorus 7
(April 1 thru September 30) 0.5 mg/L(quarterly average) Weekly Composite Effluent
Total Phosphorus 7
(October 1 through March 31) 2.0 mg/L(quarterly average) Weekly Composite Effluent
Total Cadmium 2.1 pg/L 15.5 pg/L Monthly8 Composite Effluent
Total Copper Quarterly 8 Composite Effluent
Total Zinc Quarterly 8 Composite Effluent
Chloride Quarterly8 Composite Effluent
Chronic Toxicity9 P/F at 90% Quarterly Composite Effluent
Effluent Pollutant Scan 10 Monitor and Report Footnote 10 Footnote 10 Effluent
Footnotes:
1. The monthly average effluent BOD5 and Total Suspended Solids concentrations shall not exceed 15% of the
respective influent value(i.e.,85%removal is required).
2. Sampling must occur on any two non-consecutive days during the calendar week(Sunday through Saturday).
(Footnotes continue on next page)
Part I,Page 1 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
A.(1.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS (continued)
Footnotes(continued):
3. TRC limits and monitoring requirements apply only if chlorine or chlorine derivatives are used for disinfection.
The Permittee shall report all effluent TRC values reported by a NC-certified laboratory[including field-
certified]. Effluent values below 50µg/L will be treated as zero for compliance purposes.
4. Total Nitrogen(TN)is defined as NO3-N+NO2-N+TKN,where NO3-N is nitrate nitrogen,NO2-N is nitrite
nitrogen,and TKN is total Kjeldahl nitrogen.
5. The effective date of the TN Load limit shall be determined based on the results of the optimization study
required in Special Condition A.(6.)and the compliance schedule specified in Special Condition A.(5.)but shall
be no later than January 1,2023.
6. See Condition A.(7.),Calculation of Total Nitrogen Loads.
7. Compliance with the Total Phosphorus limits shall be based on a calendar-quarter average of weekly samples.
8. Sample Quarterly in conjunction with Chronic Toxicity Test.
9. Chronic Toxicity(Ceriodaphnia dubia)Pass/Fail at 90%;quarterly testing during March,June,September,
December[see Condition A.(10.)].
10. The permittee shall perform three Effluent Pollutant Scans during the term of this permit[see Condition A.(11.)].
b. Effluent shall contain no floating solids or foam visible in other than trace amounts.
c. The Permittee shall notify the Division of Water Resources no later than 5 business days after its initial
receipt of process wastewaters from Mountaire Farms.
A.(2.) INSTREAM MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
[15A NCAC 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration,the Permittee
shall conduct instream monitoring as specified below:
PARAMETER SAMPLE TYPE LOCATION 1 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY 2
Dissolved Oxygen Grab LCU,LCD,RRU,RRD
3/Week(June-September),
1/Week(October-May)
Temperature Grab LCU, LCD,RRU, RRD 3/Week(June-September),
1/Week(October-May)
Total Phosphorus Grab LCU, LCD, RRU,RRD Monthly
TKN Grab LCU, LCD, RRU,RRD Monthly
NO3-N + NO2-N Grab LCU,LCD,RRU, RRD Monthly
Footnotes:
1. LCU-Loves Creek,upstream of the discharge;LCD-Loves Creek,downstream of the discharge and above the
confluence with the Rocky River;RRU-Rocky River,upstream of the confluence with Loves Creek;RRD-Rocky
River,downstream of the confluence with Loves Creek.
11. All monitoring is required to be performed at the above-mentioned monitoring locations.Instream Monitoring
may be performed by the Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association as outlined in the Memorandum of
Agreement(MOA)between the association and the permittee.If so,the data is to be collected and submitted to
DWR in accordance to the terms of the MOA. Should membership in this association terminate for any reason,
the permittee shall immediately notify the Division's NPDES Unit in writing and resume responsibility to
monitor and report the above parameters as specified in this permit.
Part I,Page 2 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
A.(3.) NUTRIENT REOPENER
[G.S.143-215.1(b)]
In the event that Permittee proposes to accept future industrial process wastewater,in addition to that from
Mountaire Farms Phase 2,and that wastewater is expected to contain concentrations of Total Nitrogen(TN)
and/ or Total Phosphorus(TP) greater than typical domestic wastewater concentration(i.e. greater than 40.0
mg/L TN or greater than 5.0 mg/L TP),the Permittee shall notify the NPDES Complex Permitting Unit of the
Division at 1617 Mail Service Center,Raleigh,NC 27699 and the Raleigh Regional.Office at 3800 Barrett Drive,
Raleigh,NC 27609 within 30 days of knowledge that the town is considering accepting new industrial
process wastewater containing excess nutrients. The notification shall contain information regarding the
proposed discharge flow,composition and treatability in the Siler City WWTP. Changes in effluent
characteristics may require a permit modification,so notification should be at least 180 days prior to the start
of the proposed discharge.
Based on information provided by the Town regarding a potential new industrial process wastewater with
high nutrient concentration,and pursuant to N.C.General Statute Section 143-215.1 and the implementing
rules found in Title 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code,Subchapter 2H,specifically,15A NCAC
2H.0112(b) (1) and 2H.0114(a),and Part II,Sections B-12 and B-13 of this permit,the Director of DWR may
then reopen this permit to require supplemental nutrient limits for Total Nitrogen and/ or Total Phosphorus
in accordance with the current Basin Plan for the Cape Fear River Basin.
A.(4.) NUTRIENT WATER QUALITY MODELING REOPENER
[G.S.143-215.1(b)]
Pursuant to N.C. General Statutes Section 143-215.1 and the implementing rules found in the North Carolina
Administrative Code at 15A NCAC 2H.0112(b) (1)and 2H.0114(a) and Part II sections B-12 and B-13 of this
permit,the Director of DWR may reopen this permit to require supplemental nutrient monitoring of the
discharge. The purpose of the additional monitoring will be to support water quality modeling efforts within
the Cape Fear River Basin and shall be consistent with,a monitoring plan developed jointly by the Division
and affected stakeholders. In addition,the results of water quality modeling may require that limits for total
nitrogen and total phosphorus be imposed or modified in this permit upon renewal.
A.(5.) MERCURY MINIMIZATION PLAN (MMP)
[G.S. 143-215.1(b)]
The permittee shall develop and implement a mercury minimization plan(MMP) during this permit term.
The MMP shall be developed by December 1,2014,and shall be available for inspection on-site. A sample
MMP was developed through a stakeholder review process and has been placed on the Division website for
guidance(http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/swp/ps/npdes,under Model Mercury Minimization Plan).
The MMP should place emphasis on identification of mercury contributors and goals for reduction. Results
shall be summarized and submitted with the next permit renewal.
A.(6.) COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE FOR TOTAL CADMIUM LIMITS
[G.S. 143-215.1(b)]
The effluent limits for Total Cadmium shall become effective on December 1,2015. Monitoring shall begin on
the permit effective date. Effluent limits and monitoring may be deleted in the future upon written
notification of the Division,if the Permittee provides updated effluent data that shows no reasonable
potential to exceed applicable State water quality standards. Specifically,if 12 monthly data points for
cadmium are all less than 2.0µg/ L,then the Permittee may petition the Division for removal of Total
Cadmium limits and monitoring from the permit.
Part I,Page 3 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
A.(7.) CHRONIC TOXICITY PERMIT LIMIT(Quarterly)
[15A NCAC 02B .0500 et seq.]
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit observable inhibition of reproduction or significant mortality to
at an effluent concentration of 90%.
The permit holder shall perform at a minimum,quarterly monitoring using test procedures outlined in the
"North Carolina Ceriodaphnia Chronic Effluent Bioassay Procedure,"Revised December 2010,or subsequent
versions or"North Carolina Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Procedure" (Revised-December
2010) or subsequent versions.The tests will be performed during the months of March,June,September and
December. These months signify the first month of each three month toxicity testing quarter assigned to the
facility. Effluent sampling for this testing must be obtained during representative effluent discharge and
shall be performed at the NPDES permitted final effluent discharge below all treatment processes.
If the test procedure performed as the first test of any single quarter results in a failure or ChV below the
permit limit,then multiple-concentration testing shall be performed at a minimum,in each of the two
following months as described in"North Carolina Phase II Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity Test
Procedure" (Revised-December 2010) or subsequent versions.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent Discharge
Monitoring Form(MR-1)for the months in which tests were performed,using the parameter code TGP3B for
the pass/fail results and THP3B for the Chronic Value. Additionally,DWQ Form AT-3 (original)is to be sent
to the following address:
Attention: North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Environmental Sciences Section
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1621
Completed Aquatic Toxicity Test Forms shall be filed with the Environmental Sciences Section no later than
30 days after the end of the reporting period for which the report is made.
Test data shall be complete,accurate,include all supporting chemical/physical measurements and all
concentration/response data,and be certified by laboratory supervisor and ORC or approved designate
signature. Total residual chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is
employed for disinfection of the waste stream.
Should there be no discharge of flow from the facility during a month in which toxicity monitoring is
required,the permittee will complete the information located at the top of the aquatic toxicity(AT)test form
indicating the facility name,permit number,pipe number,county,and the month/year of the report with the
notation of"No Flow"in the comment area of the form. The report shall be submitted to the Environmental
Sciences Section at the address cited above.
Should the permittee fail to monitor during a month in which toxicity monitoring is required,monitoring will
be required during the following month.Assessment of toxicity compliance is based on the toxicity testing
quarter,which is the three month time interval that begins on the first day of the month in which toxicity
testing is required by this permit and continues until the final day of the third month.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina Division of
Water Resources indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream,this permit may be re-opened and
modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
If the Permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by this permit,the results of such
monitoring shall be included in the calculation&reporting of the data submitted on the DMR&all AT Form
submitted.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document,such as minimum control
organism survival,minimum control organism reproduction,and appropriate environmental controls,
shall constitute an invalid test and will require immediate follow-up testing to be completed no later than
the last day of the month following the month of the initial monitoring.
Part I,Page 4 of 10

D R FT Permit NC0026441
A.(8.) EFFLUENT POLLUTANT SCAN �
[G.S.143-215.1(b)]
a. The Permittee shall perform a total of three(3)Effluent Pollutant Scans for all parameters listed below.
One scan must be performed in each of the following years:2016,2017,and 2018.Analytical methods
shall be in accordance with 40 CFR Part 136 and shall be sufficiently sensitive to determine whether
parameters are present in concentrations greater than applicable standards and criteria.Samples should
be collected with one quarterly toxicity test each year,and must represent seasonal variation[i.e.,do not
sample in the same quarter every year]. Unless otherwise indicated,metals shall be analyzed as"total
recoverable."
Ammonia(as N) Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Chlorine(total residual,TRC) 1,1-dichloroethylene Bis(2-chioroisopropyl)ether
Dissolved oxygen 1,2-dichloropropane Bis(2-ethyihexyl) phthalate
Nitrate/Nitrite 1,3-dichloropropylene 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
Kjeldahl nitrogen Ethylbenzene Butyl benzyl phthalate
Oil and grease Methyl bromide 2-chloronaphthalene
Phosphorus Methyl chloride 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Total dissolved solids Methylene chloride Chrysene
Hardness 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Di-n-butyl phthalate
Antimony Tetrachloroethylene Di-n-octyl phthalate
Arsenic Toluene Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Beryllium 1,1,1-trichloroethane 1,2-dichlorobenzene
Cadmium 1,1,2-trichloroethane 1,3-dichlorobenzene
Chromium Trichloroethylene 1,4-dichlorobenzene
Copper Vinyl chloride 3,3-dichlorobenzidine
Lead Acid-extractable compounds: Diethyl phthalate
Mercury(EPA Method 1631E) P-chloro-m-cresol Dimethyl phthalate
Nickel 2-chlorophenol 2,4-dinitrotoluene
Selenium 2,4-dichiorophenol 2,6-dinitrotoluene
Silver 2,4-dimethylphenol 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
Thallium 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Fluoranthene•
Zinc 2,4-dinitrophenol Fluorene
Cyanide 2-nitrophenol Hexachlorobenzene
Total phenolic compounds 4-nitrophenol Hexachlorobutadiene
Volatile organic compounds; Pentachlorophenol Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene
Acrolein Phenol Hexachloroethane
Acrylonitrile 2,4,6-trichlorophenol Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Benzene Base-neutral compounds; Isophorone
Bromoform Acenaphthene Naphthalene
Carbon tetrachloride Acenaphthylene Nitrobenzene
Chlorobenzene Anthracene N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Chlorodibromomethane Benzidine N-nitrosodimethylamine
Chloroethane Benzo(a)anthracene N-nitrosodiphenylamine
2-chloroethylvinyl ether Benzo(a)pyrene Phenanthrene
Chloroform 3,4 benzofluoranthene Pyrene
Dichlorobromomethane Benzo(ghi)perylene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,1-dichloroethane Benzo(k)fluoranthene
1,2-dichloroethane Bis(2-chioroethoxy) methane
b. Reporting. Test results shall be reported on DWR Form-A MR-PPA1 (or in a form approved by the
Director)by December 31st of each designated sampling year. The report shall be submitted to the
Division at the following address:
Part I,Page 5 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1617
c. Additional Toxicity Testing Requirements for Municipal Permit Renewal. Please note that Municipal
facilities that are subject to the Effluent Pollutant Scan requirements listed above are also subject to
additional toxicity testing requirements specified in Federal Regulation 40 CFR 122.21(j)(5). The US
EPA requires four(4)toxicity tests for a test organism other than the test species currently required in
this permit. The multiple species tests should be conducted either quarterly for a 12-month period prior
to submittal of the permit renewal application,or four tests performed at least annually in the four and
one half year period prior to the application. These tests shall be performed for acute or chronic
toxicity,whichever is specified in this permit. The multiple species toxicity test results shall be filed
with the Aquatic Toxicology Branch at the following address:
North Carolina Division of Water Resources
Water Sciences Section/Aquatic Toxicology Branch
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1621
d. Contact the Division's Aquatic Toxicology Branch at 919-743-8401 for guidance on conducting the
additional toxicity tests and reporting requirements. Results should also be summarized in Part E
(Toxicity Testing Data)of EPA Municipal Application Form 2A,when submitting the permit renewal
application to the NPDES Permitting Unit.
A.(9.) ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORTS
P.S.143-215.10D)]
Federal regulations require electronic submittal of all discharge monitoring reports (DMRs)and program
reports.The final NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule was adopted and became effective on December 21,2015.
NOTE: This special condition supplements or supersedes the following sections within Part II of this permit
(Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits):
• Section B. (11.) Signatory Requirements
• Section D. (2.) Reporting
• Section D. (6.) Records Retention
• Section E. (5.) Monitoring Reports
1. Reporting Requirements[Supersedes Part II,Section D. (2.) and Section E. (5.)(a)1
The permittee shall report discharge monitoring data electronically using the NC DWR's Electronic
Discharge Monitoring Report(eDMR)internet application.
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s)shall be summarized for each month and
submitted electronically using eDMR. The eDMR system allows permitted facilities to enter monitoring
data and submit DMRs electronically using the internet. Until such time that the state's eDMR
application is compliant with EPA's Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Regulation(CROMERR),
permittees will be required to submit all discharge monitoring data to the state electronically using eDMR
and will be required to complete the eDMR submission by printing,signing,and submitting one signed
original and a copy of the computer printed eDMR to the following address:
NC DEQ/ Division of Water Resources/ Water Quality Permitting Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1617
Part I,Page 6 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
A.(9.) ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORTS (cont.)
If a permittee is unable to use the eDMR system due to a demonstrated hardship or due to the facility
being physically located in an area where less than 10 percent of the households have broadband access,
then a temporary waiver from the NPDES electronic reporting requirements may be granted and
discharge monitoring data may be submitted on paper DMR forms (MR 1,1.1,2,3) or alternative forms
approved by the Director. Duplicate signed copies shall be submitted to the mailing address above. See
"How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting" section below.
Regardless of the submission method,the first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the
issuance of the permit or in the case of a new facility,on the last day of the month following the
commencement of discharge.
Starting on December 21,2020,the permittee must electronically report the following compliance
monitoring data and reports,when applicable:
• Sewer Overflow/Bypass Event Reports;
• Pretreatment Program Annual Reports;and
• Clean Water Act(CWA)Section 316(b)Annual Reports.
The permittee may seek an electronic reporting waiver from the Division(see"How to Request a Waiver
from Electronic Reporting" section below).
2. Electronic Submissions
In accordance with 40 CFR 122.41(1)(9),the permittee must identify the initial recipient at the time of each
electronic submission. The permittee should use the EPA's website resources to identify the initial
recipient for the electronic submission.
Initial recipient of electronic NPDES information from NPDES-regulated facilities means the entity(EPA
or the state authorized by EPA to implement the NPDES program)that is the designated entity for
receiving electronic NPDES data [see 40 CFR 127.2(b)].
EPA plans to establish a website that will also link to the appropriate electronic reporting tool for each
type of electronic submission and for each state. Instructions on how to access and use the appropriate
electronic reporting tool will be available as well. Information on EPA's NPDES Electronic Reporting
Rule is found at:https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/10/22/2015-24954/national-
pollutant-discharge-elimination-system-npdes-electronic-reporting-rule
Electronic submissions must start by the dates listed in the"Reporting Requirements" section above.
3. How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting
The permittee may seek a temporary electronic reporting waiver from the Division. To obtain an
electronic reporting waiver,a permittee must first submit an electronic reporting waiver request to the
Division. Requests for temporary electronic reporting waivers must be submitted in writing to the
Division for written approval at least sixty(60) days prior to the date the facility would be required under
this permit to begin submitting monitoring data and reports. The duration of a temporary waiver shall
not exceed 5 years and shall thereupon expire. At such time,monitoring data and reports shall be
submitted electronically to the Division unless the permittee re-applies for and is granted a new
temporary electronic reporting waiver by the Division. Approved electronic reporting waivers are not
transferrable. Only permittees with an approved reporting waiver request may submit monitoring data
and reports on paper to the Division for the period that the approved reporting waiver request is
effective.
Information on eDMR and the application for a temporary electronic reporting waiver are found on the
following web page: http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/edmr
Part I,Page 7 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
A.(9.) ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORTS (cont.)
4. Signatory Requirements [Supplements Part II,Section B. (11.)(b) and Supersedes Section B. (11.)(d)1
All eDMRs submitted to the permit issuing authority shall be signed by a person described in Part II,
Section B. (11.)(a)or by a duly authorized representative of that person as described in Part II,Section B.
(11.)(b).A person,and not a position,must be delegated signatory authority for eDMR reporting
purposes.
For eDMR submissions,the person signing and submitting the DMR must obtain an eDMR user account
and login credentials to access the eDMR system. For more information on North Carolina's eDMR
system,registering for eDMR and obtaining an eDMR user account,please visit the following web page:
http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/edmr
Certification.Any person submitting an electronic DMR using the state's eDMR system shall make the
following certification[40 CFR 122.22].NO OTHER STATEMENTS OF CERTIFICATION WILL BE
ACCEPTED:
"I certify,under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the
information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons
directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and
belief true,accurate,and complete.I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations."
5. Records Retention[Supplements Part II,Section D. (6.)1
The permittee shall retain records of all Discharge Monitoring Reports,including eDMR submissions.
These records or copies shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the report.This
period may be extended by request of the Director at any time [40 CFR 122.41].
A.(10.) COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE FOR TOTAL NITROGEN LIMIT
[G.S.143-215.1(b)]
a. The Permittee shall comply with the Total Nitrogen limits in Special Condition A.(1.)in accordance
with the following schedule.See also Condition A.(11.),Nutrient Removal Improvements.
b. Schedule of Interim and Final Actions.
Due Date Due Date
Scheduled Action
(Optimization) (Upgrades)
Start — Actual start date of Mountaire Farms discharge to Siler City WWTP.
- - --- ----- --------- --- - -- - - ----- -- --- -- ----------- -- -- - ------- - -- ---
Start+3 months — Complete acclimation period,begin nitrogen optimization study.
-- ---- ------ - - --- ---- - -- -------------- ------- —---- -------------------- -- - ---- -----—---
Start+ 13 months — Complete nitrogen optimization study per Condition A.(11.).
Start+ 19 months — Evaluate results of study,prepare study report,including methods,findings,and
recommendations,and submit to DWR for review.
Start+ 22 months — Upon acceptance of report by DWR,implement optimization measures immediately per
DWR's written acceptance.
Alternative 1: If the accepted study concludes that optimization measures are sufficient to meet the TN limit in Condition
A.(1.)and plant improvements requiring an Authorization to Construct are not necessary,continue to implement optimization
measures as accepted and:
- ---- --- - - - -- - -- - - -- -- - - - --- - - - - --- - -- -
— 1/1/2023 Comply with the TN limit.
- - ----- - -- - - - - ----- - - - ----- --- ---- -- - - -- -------------- --- - - - - --- - -- ----------
Compliance schedule ends,Alternative.1.
Alternative 2: If the optimization study indicates that plant improvements requiring an Authorization to Construct are
necessary to meet the TN limit in Condition A.(1.),continue to implement optimization measures as accepted and:
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - --- - - -- - -- - - --- - -
4/1/2021 Complete design of the improvements and apply for Authorization to Construct permit
from DWR&/or DWI.
- -- -- - - - - - -- --- -- - ---- -- ------ - - -- - -- ----- ----
Part I,Page 8 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
Due Date Due Date
(Optimization) (Upgrades) Scheduled Action
— 8/1/2021 Obtain Authorization to Construct permit.
— 10/1/2021 Advertise and award contract.
— 10/1/2022 Complete construction of improvements.
— 1/1/2023 Comply with TN limits. _ _
Compliance schedule ends,Alternative 2.
c. No later than 14 calendar days following a due date in the above schedule of compliance,the Permittee
shall provide written notification of its progress to the Division of Water Resources.If an action is not
completed by the specified date,the Permittee shall also describe the cause of noncompliance and any
steps planned or taken to comply with the remainder of the schedule.
d. For the purposes of this condition,written submittals or notification to the Division should be sent to
the following addresses:
NC DEQ/ Division of Water Resources NC DEQ/ Division of Water Resources
NDPES Wastewater Programs Raleigh Regional Office
Attn: Julie Grzyb,Supervisor Attn: Danny Smith,Supervisor
1617 Mail Service Center 3800 Barrett Drive
Raleigh,NC 27699-1617 Raleigh,NC 27609
A.(11.) TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION-TOTAL NITROGEN
[G.S. 143-215.1(b)]
a. The Permittee shall undertake a study to evaluate the ability of operational changes and other low-cost
measures to reduce its TN discharge load when treating process wastewaters from the Mountaire Farms
facility along with its municipal wastes.
b. Performance Targets. The initial aim of the study is to determine if optimization of the existing plant
can achieve an effluent TN concentration of 6.0 mg/L or less when treating process wastewaters from
Mountaire Farms.If the plant cannot consistently achieve 6.0 mg/L,the aim of the study will then be to
determine what concentration it can achieve;the working target in this case is 30% reduction of TN
loads through the plant.
c. The Permittee shall complete this study and submit a report to the Division according to the schedule in
Condition A.(10.),Schedule of Compliance-Total Nitrogen.
d. Study Report. The Permittee shall provide a brief written report of its findings to the Division at the
addresses below.The report shall include,at a minimum,the following information:
i. A description of the approaches chosen for evaluation and the rationale for their selection;
ii. A summary of the methods used and the findings of the study,including the effectiveness of each
alternative approach;
iii. A budgetary estimate of the potential costs of implementing each alternative found to be effective;
iv. The estimated effluent TN concentrations and loads that the existing plant can reasonably and
consistently achieve using these methods;and
v. A proposal describing the methods the Permittee proposes to use to minimize its effluent TN
loads and indicating whether plant improvements are necessary to meet its TN limits.
e. For the purposes of this condition,written submittals or notification to the Division should be sent to
the addresses in Condition A.(10.)(d.).
f. Upon the Division's request,the Permittee shall make available any monitoring results or other
information relevant to this evaluation.
Part I,Page 9 of 10

DRAFT Permit NC0026441
A.(12.) CALCULATION OF TOTAL NITROGEN LOADS
a. The Permittee shall calculate monthly and annual TN Loads as follows:
i. Monthly TN Load(lb/mo) =TN x TMF x 8.34
where: TN = the average Total Nitrogen concentration(mg/L)of the composite samples
collected during the month
TMF = the Total Monthly Flow of wastewater discharged during the month
(MG/mo)
8.34 = conversion factor,from(mg/L x MG)to pounds
ii. Annual TN Load (lb/yr) =Sum of the 12 Monthly TN Loads for the calendar year
b. The Permittee shall report monthly Total Nitrogen results (mg/L and lb/mo)in the appropriate
discharge monitoring report for each month and shall report each year's results (1b/yr)with the
December report for that year.
Part I,Page 10 of 10