HomeMy WebLinkAboutWQ0007144_Final Permit_19930330State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
April 30, 1993
Steven W. Gaito, Director of Operations
The Capital Area YMCA
Post Office Box 10976
Raleigh, North Carolina 27605
Dear Mr. Gaito:
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Subject. Permit No. WQ0007144
The Capital Area YMCA
Camp Seafarer
Wastewater Spray Irrigation
Pamlico County
In accordance with your application received October 20, 1992, we are forwarding herewith Permit
No. WQ0007144, dated April 30, 1993, to the Capital Area YMCA for the continued operation of the
subject wastewater treatment and disposal system.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until March 31, 1998, shall void Permit
No. 4258R7 issued April 28, 1988 and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified
therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements in this permit. Failure to establish an
adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational information will result in future
compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable to you, you have
the right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within 30 days following receipt of this
permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
Regional Offices
Asheville Fayetteville Mooresville Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251-6208 919/486-1541 704/663-1699 919/571-4700 919/946-6481 919/395-3900 919/896-7007
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-7015
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
If you need additional information concerning this matter, please contact MT. Michael D. Allen at
(919) 733-5083.
Sincerely,
A. Presto Howard, Jr., P.E.
Director
cc: Pamlico County Health Department
Washington Regional Office, Water Quality
Washington Regional Office, Groundwater
Groundwater Section, Jack Floyd
Training and Certification Unit
Facilities Assessment Unit
NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as
amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERNIISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
The Capital Area YMCA
Pamlico County
101: 9y.1
continued operation of a 55,000 GPD spray irrigation system consisting of a wastewater collection
system, lift station, two holdings lagoons (2.55 and 2.25 acres), a 1,260 ft. by 200 ft. sprayfield and
associated valves, piping and appurtenances to serve the Capital Area YMCA's Camp Seafarer with no
discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the application received October 20, 1992, and in
conformity with the project plan, specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and
approved by the Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources and considered a part of this
permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until March 31, 1998, shall void Permit
No. 4258R7 issued April 28, 1988 and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations:
I. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The spray irrigation facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated at all times so that
there is no discharge to the surface waters, nor any contamination of ground waters which
will render them unsatisfactory for normal use. In the event that the facilities fail to
perform satisfactorily, including the creation of nuisance conditions or failure of the
irrigation area to adequately absorb the wastewater, the Permittee shall take such immediate
corrective action to correct the problem, including actions as may be required by the
Division of Environmental Management.
2. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.
3. The sludge generated from these treatment facilities must be disposed of in accordance with
General Statute 143-215.1 and in a manner approved by the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management.
4. Diversion or bypassing of the untreated wastewater from the treatment facilities is
prohibited.
5. The following buffers shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet between wetted area and any residence or places of public assembly under
separate ownership,
b) 150 feet between wetted area and property lines,
c) 100 feet between wetted area and wells,
d) 100 feet between wetted area and drainageways or surface water bodies,
e) 50 feet between wetted area and public right of ways,
f) 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and wells,
g) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines.
Some of the buffers specified above may not have been included in previous permits for
this waste treatment and disposal system. These buffers are not intended to prohibit or
prevent modifications, which are required by the Division, to improve performance of the
existing treatment facility. These buffers do, however, apply to modifications of the
treatment and disposal facilities which are for the purpose of increasing the flow that is
tributary to the facility. These buffers do apply to any expansion or modification of the
spray irrigation areas and apply in instances in which the sale of property would cause any
of the buffers now complied with, for the treatment and disposal facilities, to be violated.
The applicant is advised that any modifications to the existing facilities will require a permit
modification.
1. The facilities shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2. Upon classification of the facility by the Certification Commission, the Permittee shall
employ a certified wastewater treatment plant operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of
the wastewater treatment facilities. The operator must hold a certificate of the type and
grade at least equivalent to or greater than the classification assigned to the wastewater
treatment facilities by the Certification Commission. The Permittee must also employ a
certified back-up operator of the appropriate type and grade to comply with the conditions
of Title 15A, Chapter 8A, .0202. The ORC of the facility must visit each Class I facility at
least weekly and each Class II, III, and IV facility at least daily, excluding weekends and
holidays, and must properly manage and document daily operation and maintenance of the
facility and must comply with all other conditions of Title 15A, Chapter 8A, .0202.
3. A suitable vegetative cover shall be maintained.
4. Irrigation shall not be performed during inclement weather or when the ground is in a
condition that will cause runoff.
5. Adequate measures shall be taken to prevent wastewater runoff from the spray field.
6. The facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non -discharge system to
prevent the discharge of any wastewater resulting from the operation of this facility.
7. The application rate shall not exceed 0.25 inches per day.
8. No type of wastewater other than that from the Capital Area YMCA's Camp Seafarer shall
be sprayed onto the irrigation area.
PA
9. No traffic or equipment shall be allowed on the disposal area except while installation
occurs or while normal maintenance is being performed.
10. Public access to the land application sites shall be controlled during active site use. Such
controls may include the posting of signs showing the activities being conducted at each
site.
11. Freeboard in the lagoons shall not be less than two (2) feet at any time.
Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, soil or plant tissue analyses)
deemed necessary by the Division of Environmental Management to insure surface and
ground water protection will be established and an acceptable sampling reporting schedule
shall be followed.
2. Adequate records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking the amount of wastewater
disposed. These records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following
information:
a) date of irrigation,
b) volume of wastewater irrigated,
c) field irrigated,
d) length of time field is irrigated,
e) continuous weekly, monthly, and year-to-date hydraulic (inches/acre) loadings for
each field,
f) weather conditions, and
g) maintenance of cover crops.
3. The effluent from the subject facilities shall be monitored by the Permittee at the point prior
to irrigation every March, July and November for the following parameters:
BODS TS S
Fecal Coliform pH
NH3 as N
4. Three copies of all operation and disposal records (as specified in condition III 2) and all
effluent monitoring data (as specified in condition III 3) and any other data as may be
required shall be submitted on or before the last day of the following month to the
following address:
NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
5. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Washington Regional Office, telephone no.
(919) 946-6481 as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the
following:
3
a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which results in the treatment of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such
as the dumping of the contents of a sludge digester, the known passage of a slug of
hazardous substance through the facility; or any other unusual circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate wastewater treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures
of pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.
c. Any failure of a pumping station, sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-
pass directly to receiving waters without treatment of all or any portion of the
influent to such station or facility.
d. Any time that self -monitoring information indicates that the facility has gone out of
compliance with its permit limitations.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter
form within 15 days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline
the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
I V . GROUNDWATER REQUIREMENTS
1. The two (2) existing monitor wells shall be sampled every March, July and November for
the following parameters:
Nitrate (NO3) TDS
TOC pH
Total Ammonia Chloride
Water Level Fecal Coliforms
Total Suspended Solids
Volatile Organic Compounds - In November only (by Method 1 or Method 2 below)
Method 1: Method 6230D (Capillary - Column), "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater", 17th edition, 1989
Method 2: Method 502.2 "Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water", United States Environmental Protection Agency - 600/4-
88/039
The measurement of water level must be made prior to sampling for the remaining
parameters.
The measuring points (top of well casing) of all monitoring wells shall be surveyed to
provide relative elevations of the measuring point for each of the monitoring wells. The
depth of water in each well shall be measured from the surveyed point on the top of the
casing.
If TOC concentrations greater than 10 mg/1 are detected in any downgradient monitoring
well, additional sampling and analysis must be conducted to identify the individual
constituents comprising this TOC concentration. If the TOC concentration as measured in
the background monitor well exceeds 10 mg/l, this concentration will be taken to represent
the naturally occurring TOC concentration. Any exceedances of this naturally occurring
TOC concentration in the downgradient wells shall be subject to the additional sampling
and analysis as described above.
4
If any volatile organic compounds are detected by method 6230D, or the equivalent method
502.2, then EPA methods 604 and 611 must also be run to detect other organic compounds
which may be present. The results of all analysis specified in the monitoring requirements,
including 604 and 611 if required, must be submitted simultaneously.
The results of the sampling and analysis shall be sent to the N.C. Division of
Environmental Management on Form GW-59 (Compliance Monitoring Report Form) every
April, August and December.
2. The Compliance Boundary delineated on the attached site map for the disposal system is
specified by regulations in 15 NCAC 2L, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
applicable to the groundwater of North Carolina. An exceedance of Groundwater Quality
Standards beyond the Compliance Boundary is subject to penalty provisions applicable
under General Statute 143-215.6(1)a. The sale of property, by the Permittee, which is
within or contiguous to the disposal system site may alter location of the Compliance
Boundary. `
For facilities permitted prior to December 30, 1983, the Compliance Boundary is
established at a distance of 500 feet from the lagoon and sprayfields, or the property
boundary, whichever is less.
If the title to any property which may affect the location of the Compliance Boundary is
changed, the permittee shall notify the Division Director within 14 days. The Director shall
then establish a modified Compliance Boundary which will be done as a modification to the
Permit.
The REVIEW BOUNDARY delineated on the attached site map for the disposal system is
specified by regulations in 15 NCAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications and Standards. A
REVIEW BOUNDARY is established around disposal systems midway between the
Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of the waste disposal area. When the
concentration of any substance equals or exceeds the maximum allowable concentration of
that substance at the REVIEW BQIINDARY, as determined by monitoring, the permittee
shall i� ther (i) demonstrate, through predictive calculations or modeling, that natural site
conditions, facility design and operational controls will prevent a violation of standards at
the Compliance Boundary; cQr, (ii) submit a plan for the alteration of existing site
conditions, facility design or operational controls that will prevent a violation of standards
at the Compliance Boundary, and implement that plan upon its approval by the Director.
3. Any additional groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed necessary by the Division, shall
be provided.
V . INSPECTIONS
1. Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be provided by the Permittee to
insure proper operation of the subject facilities.
2. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater treatment and disposal facilities
to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause
or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance.
The Permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time
of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective actions taken
by the Pernittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a period
of three years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available upon request to
the Division of Environmental Management or other permitting authority.
�I
3. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Environmental
Management may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property,
premises or place on or related to the disposal site and facility at any reasonable time for the
purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect or copy any records that
must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; or may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
VI. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the facilities are constructed in accordance with
the conditions of this permit, the approved plans, specifications, and other supporting data.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in
the application and other supporting data.
3. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to change
ownership, or there is a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be
submitted to the Division of Environmental Management accompanied by an application
fee, documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as may be
appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may or may
not be approved.
4. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in
accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A to 143-215.6C.
5. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
6. A set of approved plans and specifications for the subject project must be retained by the
Permittee for the life of the project.
7. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause the
Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 2H .0205 (c)(4).
8. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its
extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate.
Permit issued this the 30th day of April, 1993
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
A. Preston H - ward, Jr., P.., Director
Division of F. vironmental Management
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0007144
6
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Topography by planetable surveys 1948. Field checked 1950
Polyconic projection. 10.000-foot grid ticks based on
North Carolina coordinate system. 1000-meter Universal Transverse
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To place on the predicted North American Datum 1983
move the projection fines 13 meters south and 28 meters
west as shown by dashed corner ticks
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Name of Plant. V m C A - r1l l,-'n .5ea�4r
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County: _ �QYYa 1 < <>� Telephone:
NPDES Permit No. NCOO Nondisc. Per. No. LL� g CC 7_l `d-
Issue Date: r', 1 'r t IMF L Expiration Date:0_pr', -('�-
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Rated By: Lt i f is Date- q3D Lt- f
Reviewed (Train. & Cert.) Reg. Office
Reviewed (Train. & Cert.) Central Office
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Plant Class: (circle one) ! ' If Ill IV Total Points
ITEM POINTS
(1) Industrial Pretreatment Units and/or
Industrial Pretreatment Program
(see definilion No. 33)
4
(2) DEEni FLOW OF PLANT IN GPD
(not applicable to non -con lamina led cooling waters, sludge
handling facilities for water purification plants, totally
closed cycle systems (def. No. 11), and facilities
Consisting only of Item (4) (d) or Items (4) (d) and (11)
(d))
0 20,000..........................
1
20.001 •• 50,000.....
50,001 •- 100,000........................../
100,001 250,000..........................
4
250,001 -- 500,000..........................
5
500,001-•1,000,000..........................
8
1,000,001 -- 2,000.000 ........................
10
2,000,001 (and up) - rate 1 point additional for each
200,000 gpd capacity up to a
maximum of 30-
Design Flow (gpd) r� T5 1?—
(3) PRELIMINARY UNITS (see definition no. 32)
(a) Bar Screens.. ..............................
1
or
(b) Mechanical Screens, Stalic Screens or
Comminuting Devices ........... .............
2
(c) Grit Removal ...............................
1
or
(d) Mechanical or Aerated Grit Removal ...........
2
(e) Flow Measuring Device .......................
1
or
(9 instrumented Flow Measurement ........... . ..
2
(9) Preaeration................................
2
(h) Influent Flow Equalization .... . ............ . .
2
t) Grease or Oil Separators - Gravity ..........
2
Mechanical ..........
3
Dissolved Air Flotation.
8
{j} Prechlorinalion ........................... . ..
5
(4) PRIMARY TREATMENT UNITS
(a) Septic Tank (see definilion no. 43) .............. 2
(b) lmhot(Tank.................................. 5
(c) Primary Clarifiers ............................ 5
(d) Settling Ponds or Settling Tanks for Inorganic
Non -toxic Malerials (sludge handling facilities
for water purification plants, sand, gravel,
stone, and other mining operations except
recreational aclivi(ies such as gem or gold
mining) ...................................... 2
(5) SECONDARY TREATMENT UNITS
(a) Carbonaceous Stage
(i)Aeralion • High Purity Oxygen System .....
Diffused Air System ... , ...... .
Mechanical Air System (fixed,
floaling Of rotor) ..............
Separate Sludge Reaera;:on , ... -
(ii) Trickling Filter
High Rate ...................
Standard Rate ... . .......... .
Packed Tower ...............
(f'si) Biological Aerated Filler or Aerated
Biological Filter ....... . ............. .
(iv) Aeraled Lagoons ..................... .
(v) Rotaling Biological Contactors ..........
(vi) Sand Filters-
inlemittenl biological .... .
recirculating biological . .
(vn) Stabilization Lagoons .................. .
(vi0clariliet .............................
(tx) Single stage system for combined
carbonaceous removal of SO and
nitrogenous removal by nitrification
(see del. No. 12) (Points for this itern
hive to be in addition to items (5) (a)
(i) through (5) (a) (viii) .................
(x) Nutrient additions to enhance BOO
removal...............................
(xi) Biological Culture ('Super Bugs') addition
to enhance organic compound removal
(b) Nitrogenous Stage
(i) Aeration - High Purity Oxygen System .. . .
Diffused Air System ...... . ... .
Mechanical A;r System (fixed,
floating, or rotor) .. .. . . . .
Separate Sludge Reaeralion .. .
(ii) Trickling Filler -
High Rate ..............
Standard Rate ............
Packed Tower............
(iii) Biological Aerated Filter or Aerated
Biological Filler .........................
(iv) Rolating Biological Contactors ........... .
(v) Sand Fitter,
intermi'.leni biological .. . . . . . .
recirculating biological . . . . . .. .
(vi) Clzririer ............................... .
nARY OR ADVANCED TREATMENT KNIT (10) -CHEMICAL ADDITION SYSTEM (S) (See definition No. 9)
.j f �dvated Carbons Beds - 5 (not applicable to chemical additions rated as item
,;Ihoul carbon regeneration ...... . ....... . (3) G). (5) (a) (xi), (6) (a), (6) (6). (7) (b), (7) (e),
with carbon regeneration ....... . ..... . ...... 15 (9) (a), (9) (b), or (9) (c) 5 points each: Usl:
{a) Powdered or Granular Activated Carbon Feed - 5
w4hout carbon regeneration ................. 5 . .
5'
with Arbon regeneration ................... 15 5
_} }1ir Stripping ........ 5 .. . . .
Denifrihcation Process (separate process) _ .. 1 0 ,.
Electro6alysis ............... . . S
te) ' ' ' ' ' ' ' • • ' • - • (11 ) MISCELLANEOUS UNITS
(n Foam Separation ............................. 5 (a) Holding Ponds, Holding Tanks or Settling Ponds
{g) ton Exchange .. , ............................. 5 for Organic or Toxic Materials including #+asles
(h) Land Applicalion of Treated Effluent from mining operations containing nitrogen and/or
(see definition no. 22b) (not applicable lot phosphorous compounds in amounts significsnlly
sand, gravel, stone and other similar mining greater than is common for domestic wastewater ....... _ 4
operations) (b) Effluent Flow Equalization (not applicable to storage
(i) on agrrartturally managed siles (See del. basins which are inherent in land application systems). 2
No. 4)................................... (c) Slage Discharge (not applicable to storage basins
(ii) by high rate infiltration on nomagricullura!1 0 inherent in land application systems...... ................. _._......-...
managed silts (includes rotary distributors (d) Pumps ......... 3
and similar flied nozzle systems) ........... 4 (e) Stand -By Power Supply...__.._...___ ........... .................. _...._........._
(iii) by subsurlace disposal (includes low pressure (f) Thermal Pollution Control Device._ .......................... ... 3
pipe systems and gravity systems except at
plants consisting of septic tank and nitrifica-
tion tines only) ............................. 4 TOTAL POINTS
{� N•icros.Greens.................................. 5
(j) Phosphorus Removal by Biological Processes CLASSIFICATION
(See del. No. 26) ........... 20
(k) Polishing Ponds - without aeration ....... 2 Class I ................................. „..... _.. 5 - 25 Points
%vith aeration .......... 5 Class II ......... .... „.............. ......... _._......._.... 26- 50 Points
(f) Post Aeration - cascade ........... _ .. 0 Cfass III ......... ................................ _.___. 51- 65 Points
diffused or mechanical ... 5 ClassiV............... „.............. ----- 66• Up Points
(m) Reverse Osmosis .................. . ............ 5
(n) Sand or Mixed -Media Fillers - low rale ........... 2 Facilities having a rating of one through lour points, inclusive,
high rate .......... 5 do not require a cerlilied operator. Classification of all other
(o) Treatment processes for removal of metal or facilities requires a comparable grade operator in responsible
cyanide ........... _ _ _ ................... 1 5 charge.
',1 Treatment processes for removal of toxic
materials other than metal or cyanide ......... 1 5 Facilities having an activated sludge process will be assigned
a minimum classification of Class 11.
SLLSDGETREATMENT Facilities having treatment processes for the removal of metal
(a) Sludge Digestion Tank - Healed ............... 1 0 or cyanide will be assigned a minimum classification of Class 11.
Aerobic ............... 5
Unheated ...... .... . .. 3 Facilities having treatment processes for the biological removal
(b) Sludge Stabilization (chemical or thermal) ... ... . 5 of phosphorus will be assigned a minimum classification of Class
(c) Sludge Drying Beds - Gravity ................. 2 Ill.
Vacuum Assisted ... _ ... 5
(d) Sludge Elu;rial"eon ............................. 5 In -plant processes and related control equipment which are an
(e) Sludge Conditioner (cherri,cn1 or thermal) ........ 5 integral part of industrial production shall not be considered waste
(f) Sludge Thici ever (gravity) ...................... 5 treatment. Likewise, discharges of wastewater from residences
(g) Dissolved Air Flotation Unit having a design flow of 1.000 gpd or less, shall not be subject to
(not applicable to a unit rates as (3) (i) ......... 8 rating.
(h) Sludge Gas Utilization (including gas storage) .. .. 2
(i) Sludge Holding Tank - Aerated ................ 5 ITi N tut NT
Non -aerated ......... _ .. 2
(j} Sludge Incinerator - (not including activated
carbon regeneration) ..... 10
(k) Vacuum Filler, Centrifuge or Filler Press or other
similar dewatering devices .......... . .. . . . .... 10
i} SLUDGE DISPOSAL (including incinerated ash)
(a) Lagoons ...................... 2
(b), Land Applical'son (surface and subsurface)
(see definition 22a)
-where the facility holds the land app. permit 10
-by contracting 10 a land application operalor who
holds the land application permit ................ 2
-land application of sludge by a contractor who does
not ho'.d the permit for the wastewater treatment
facility whefe the sludge is generated ....... _ . 10
_) Landlilled (bvriat) .. . ......................... 1 5
i DISINFECTION
(a) C:ilorinalion ...................... . . ... . . 5
(b) Dechlorination ....... _ .. _ _ ......... _ .. 5
{c) Ozone .............................. 5
(d) Radiation . . . ..... . ...... . ........ . . 5