WQ0006147_Final Permit_19960206

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
February 6, 1996
Mr. Dan Blackshear, President
Carolina Turkeys, Inc.
P.O. Box 589
Mt. Olive, NC 28365
7 IVA
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I DEHNF!
Subject: Permit No. WQ0006147 Amendment
Carolina Turkeys, Inc.
Land Application of Wastewater Residuals
Duplin County
Dear Mr. Blackshear,
In accordance with your modification request received on November 2, 1995, we are forwarding
herewith Permit No. WQ0006147 as amended, dated February 6, 1996, to Carolina Turkeys, Inc., for the
continued operation of a wastewater residuals land application program. The permit has been amended to
remove application sites 9 and 10 from the current program, while adding sites 11 and 12 in replacement.
The net acreage has been modified from 124 acres to lZ1 acres.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until June 30, 1997, shall void Permit No.
WQ0006147 issued July 13, 1992, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified
therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring and reporting requirements contained in this
permit. Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational
information will result in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the
right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following receipt of
this permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
If you need additional information concerning this matter, please contact Mr. Ray Cox at (919?
733-5083, extension 549.
Sincerely,
A. Prest4Howard, Jr., P.E.
cc: Duplin County Health Department
Wilmington Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Wilmington Regional Office, Groundwater Section
Bob Cheek, Groundwater Section, Central Office -
Training and Certification Unit (no revised rating)
Facilities Assessment Unit
P,O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
RESIDUALS LAND APPLICATION PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as
amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Carolina Turkeys, Incorporated
Duplin County
FOR THE
continued operation of a wastewater residuals land application program consisting of the application of
1,714 dry tons per year of residuals from the sources listed in Condition 115, to approximately 121.0
acres of land in Duplin County with no discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the
modification request received on November 2, 1995, and in conformity with the project plan,
specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until June 30, 1997, shall void Permit No.
WQ0006147 issued July 13, 1992, and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations:
1. The Wilmington Regional Office, telephone number [phone], and the appropriate
local governmental official (county manager/city manager) shall be notified at least twenty-
four (24) hours prior to the initial application of the residuals to site 11 or 12, so that an
inspection can be made of the application sites and application method. Such notification to
the regional supervisor shall be made during the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until
5.00 p.m. on Monday through Friday, excluding State Holidays. In addition, the Duplin
County Manager's office must be notified prior to the initial application so that they will be
aware that the operation has commenced.
2. This permit shall become voidable if the soils fail to adequately assimilate the wastes and
may be rescinded unless the sites are maintained and operated in a manner which will
protect the assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and ground waters.
3. The land application program shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non -
discharge system to prevent the discharge of any wastes resulting from the operation of this
program.
4. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this program.

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5. In the event that the land application program is not operated satisfactorily, including the
creation of nuisance conditions, the Permittee shall cease applying residuals to the sites and
take any immediate corrective actions as may be required by the Division.
6. Some of the buffers specified below may not have been included in previous permits for
this land application operation. However, any sites or fields that are included in this
permit, but were approved with different applicable buffers shall be reflagged to comply
with the below buffers. The following buffer zones shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet from residences or places of public assembly under separate ownership for
surface application method; however, the buffer zone requirement may be reduced to a
minimum of 100 feet upon written consent of the owner and approval from the
appropriate DEM regional office,
b) 200 feet from residences or places of public assembly under separate ownership for
subsurface residual injection method; however, the buffer zone requirement may be
reduced to a minimum of 100 feet upon written consent of the owner and the
appropriate DEM regional office,
c) 100 feet from any public or private water supply source, waters classified as SA or SB,
and any Class I or Class H impounded reservoir used as a source of drinking water for
both methods,
d) 100 feet from any streams classified as WS or B, any other stream, canal, marsh or
coastal waters and any other lake or impoundment for surface application,
e) 50 feet from any streams classified as WS or B, any other stream, canal, marsh or
coastal waters and any other lake or impoundment for subsurface application,
f) 100 feet from property lines for both surface and subsurface application methods;
g) 50 feet from public right of ways for both application methods,
h) 10 feet from upslope interceptor drains and surface water diversions for both
application methods,
i) 25 feet from downslope interceptor drains, surface water diversions, groundwater
drainage systems and surface drainage ditches for both application methods.
7. A copy of this permit shall be maintained at the land application site when residuals are
being applied during the life of this permit. A spill prevention and control plan shall be
maintained in all residuals transport and application vehicles.
8. Specific residual application area boundaries shall be clearly marked on each site prior to
and during application.
9. No residuals at any time shall be stored at any application site, unless approval has been
requested and obtained from the Division of Environmental Management.
10. Maximum slope for residual application shall be 10% for surface application and 1 S% for
subsurface applications.
11. When wastewater residuals are applied, one of the Processes to Significantly Reduce
Pathogens (PSRP) as defined in 40 CFR Part 257 Appendix. II shall be met. Additionally,
an evaluation must be performed which demonstrates the residuals ability to comply with
this requirement. Upon request, a copy of this evaluation must be submitted including all
test results and calculations.
12. The name of the farm manager and designated alternate farm manager shall be provided to
the Wilmington Regional Office in writing. Any change in these assignments shall be
promptly reported in writing to the Wilmington Regional Office.
The facilities and application sites shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2

2. A suitable vegetative cover, as listed in condition II 4, shall be maintained in accordance
with the crop management plan outlined by the local Extension Office of the Department of
Agriculture, or the Soil Conservation Service, or other agronomist, and approved by this
Division.
3. An acceptable pH must be maintained in the soil, residual and time mixture, greater than
6.0, on all land application sites to insure optimum yield for the crop(s) specified below.
The agronomist shall provide information on the pH best suited for the specified crop and
the soil type.
4. The application rates shall not exceed the following for the specified crops:
Crop PAN (Ib./acra.W.)
Alfalfa
200
Bermuda Grass (Hay, Pasture)
220
Blue Grass
120
Coastal Bermudagrass
350
Corn (Grain)
160
Corn (Silage)
200
Cotton
70
Fescue
250
Forest (Hardwood & Softwood)
75
Milo
100
Small Grain (Wheat, barley, oats, milo)
100
Sorghum, Sudex (Pasture)
180
Sorghum, Sudex (Silage)
220
Soybeans
200
Timothy, Orchard, & Rye Grass
200
If the approved land application sites are to be double cropped (i.e., a crop in the spring
and a second crop in the fall, with BOTH crops to receive wastewater residuals), then the
second crop shall receive an application of residuals at a rate at least 30% less than the
above PAN rates, due to the fact that organic nitrogen is mineralized slowly over time (i.e.,
a second crop consisting of small grain shall receive a PAN application rate of no greater
than 70 lb./acre/yr.). This practice will be allowed as long as the second crop is to be
harvested. If the second crop is to be planted for erosion control only, and is to be tilled
into the soil, then no residuals shall be applied to these fields because the nitrogen will
essentially be returned to the soil.
5. No residuals other than the following are hereby approved for land application in
accordance with this permit:
Permit Estimated
Source County NumberVolume (dry tons/year).
Carolina Turkeys, Inc. WWTP Duplin WQ0000884 1,714
6. The lifetime heavy metal loadings shall not exceed the following for the corresponding
Cation Exchange Capacities (CEC):
Lifetime Loadings (lbs/acre)
Parameter
CEC < 5
CE- 1
EC C > 15
Lead
500
1000
2000
Zinc
250
500
1000
Copper
125
250
500
Nickel
125
250
500
Cadmium
4.5
9
18

7. Upon classification of the facility by the Certification Commission, the Permittee shall
employ a certified land application/residuals operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of
the land application program. The operator must hold a certificate of the type classification
assigned to the land application program by the Certification Commission. The Permittee
must also employ a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type to comply with the
conditions of Title 15A NCAC 8A, .0202.
8. Adequate procedures shall be provided to prevent surface runoff from carrying any
disposed or stored residuals into any surface waters.
9. Surface applied residuals will be plowed or disced within twenty-four (24) hours after
application on lands with no cover crop established.
10. For areas that are prone to flooding or within the 100-year flood elevation, residuals may
be applied only during periods of dry weather. The residuals must be incorporated into the
soil within twenty-four (24) hours after application.
11. Appropriate measures must be taken to control public access to the land application sites
during active site use and for the 12-month period following the last residual application
event. Such controls may include the posting of signs indicating the activities being
conducted at each site.
12. Adequate provisions shall be taken to prevent wind erosion and surface runoff from
conveying pollutants from the residuals application area onto the adjacent property or into
any surface waters.
13. Residuals shall not be applied in inclement weather or until 24 hours following a rainfall
event of 1/2-inch or greater in 24 hours. Any emergency residuals disposal measures must
first be approved by the Division of Environmental Management.
14. Residuals shall not be applied to any land application site that is flooded, frozen or snow-
covered.
15. Residuals shall not be applied at rates greater than agronomic rates, unless authorized by
the Division.
16, Animals shall not be grazed on an application site for 30 days after residuals application.
Application sites that are to be used for grazing shall have fencing that will be used to
prevent access after each application.
17. Food crops, feed crops and fiber crops that do not comein ntact with the residual5 shall
not be harvested for 30 days after residuals application.
18. Food crops with harvested parts that touch the residual/soil mixture and are totally above
the land surface (ex. tobacco, melons, cucumbers, squash, etc.) shall not be harvested for
14months after residuals application.
19. Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land (root crops such as potatoes,
carrots, radishes, etc.) shall not be harvested for 20 months after application of residuals
when the residuals remain on the land surface for four (4) months or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil.
20. Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 38
months after application of residuals when the residuals remain on the land surface for less
than four (4) months prior to incorporation into the soil.
21. Turf shall not be harvested for 1 year after residuals application if the turf is to be placed on
land with a high potential for public exposure.
4

22. The crop management plan developed by Robert Kendall and Associates shall be followed
in the land application of these residuals. Any change in this management plan must be
approved by the Division's Wilmington Regional Office, Water Quality Section, prior to
implementation of the modified plan.
23. The land surface of the sludge application areas shall be scarified as necessary to prevent
sealing of the land surface.
Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, residuals, soil, or plant tissue
analyses) deemed necessary by the Division of Environmental Management to insure
protection of the environment will be established and an acceptable sampling and reporting
schedule shall be followed.
2. Proper records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking all application activities.
These records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following information:
a. source of residuals
b . date of residual application
c. location of residual application (site, field, or zone #)
d. method of application
e. weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, raining, etc.)
f. soil conditions
g . type of crop or crops to be grown on field
h. volume of residuals applied in gallons/acre, dry tons/acre or kilograms/hectare
i. annual and cumulative totals of dry tons/acre of residuals, annual and cumulative
pounds/acre of each heavy metal (which shall include, but not be limited to cadmium,
copper, lead, nickel, and zinc), annual pounds/acre of plant available nitrogen (PAN),
and annual pounds/acre of phosphorus applied to each field.
3. A representative annual soils analysis (Standard Soil Fertility Analysis) shall be conducted
prior to the initial residuals application, at six (b) months after application, and one (1) year
after application for each site receiving residuals in accordance with the recommendations
prepared by Kendall and Associates, Incorporated, and the results maintained on file by the
Permittee for a minimum of five years.
The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis shall include, but is not necessarily limited to, the
following parameters:
Acidity
Calcium
Copper
Magnesium
Base Saturation (by calculation)
Cation Exchange Capacity
Manganese Potassium
Percent Humic Matter Sodium
pH Zinc
Phosphorus
In addition to the Standard Soil Fertility Analysis parameters, above, the samples shall be
analyzed for oil and grease.
The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis (see above) and an analysis for the following
pollutants shall be conducted once prior to permit renewal on soils from each site which has
received residuals during the permit cycle.
Cadmium I -cad Nickel

4. A residuals analysis will be conducted quarterly from the date of permit issuance by the
Permittee and the results maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years.
If land application occurs at a frequency less than quarterly, a residuals analysis will be
required for each instance of land application. The residuals analysis shall include but is
not necessarily limited to the following parameters:
Cadmium
Nitrate -Nitrite Nitrogen
Copper
% Total Solids
Lead
pH
Nickel
Phosphorus
Zinc
Plant Available Nitrogen (by calculation)
Aluminum
Potassium
Ammonia -Nitrogen
Sodium
Calcium
TKN
Magnesium
After the residuals have been monitored for two years at the above frequency, the Permittee
may submit a request to the Division for a permit modification for the reduction of the
frequency of monitoring for pollutant concentrations and for the pathogen density
requirements, but in no case shall the frequency of monitoring be less than once per year
when residuals are applied to the land.
5. All residuals included in this permit must be monitored quarterly from the date of permit
issuance, for compliance with condition 111 of this permit. Data to verify stabilization of
the residuals must be maintained by the Permittee. The required data is specific to the
stabilization process utilized, but should be sufficient to clearly demonstrate compliance the
Class B pathogen requirements as defined in 40 CFR Part 503 or the Process to
Significantly Reduced Pathogens (PSRP) as defined in 40 CFR Part 257 Appendix II.
After the residuals have been monitored for two years at the above frequency, the Permittee
may request a permit modification for the reduction of the frequency of monitoring for
pollutant concentrations and for the pathogen density requirements, but in no case shall the
frequency of monitoring be less than once per year when residuals are applied to the land.
6. Three copies of all required monitoring and reporting requirements as specified in
conditions 1111, III 2, III 3, II14 and III 5 shall be submitted annually on or before March
1 of the following year to the following address:
NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
7. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Wilmington Regional Office, telephone
number [phone], as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the
next working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of
the following:
a. Any occurrence with the land application program which results in the land application
of significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic.
b. Any failure of the land application program resulting in a release of material to receiving
Waters.
0

c. Any time that self -monitoring information indicates that the facility has gone out of
compliance with the conditions and limitations of this permit or the parameters on
which the system was designed.
d. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate residual treatment.
e. Any spillage or discharge from a vehicle or piping system transporting residuals to the
application site.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter
form within 15 days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline
the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
:1 !1,: : 1 : ►�
1. Any groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed necessary by the Division, shall be
provided.
2. No land application of waste activities shall be undertaken when the seasonal high water
table is less than three feet below land surface.
3. Should the groundwater monitoring required by Permit Number WQ0000884 (Spray
Irrigation of Wastewater) indicate any groundwater standard compliance concerns,
additional monitoring may immediately be required on the sludge application sites included
in this permit.
1. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the residuals storage, transport, 3-id application
facilities to prevent malfunctions, and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which
may cause or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a
nuisance. The Permittee shall maintain an inspection log or summary including at least the
date and time of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective
actions taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee
for a period of five years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available to the
Division of Environmental Management or other permitting authority, upon request.
2. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Environmental
Management may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property,
premises or place on or related to the application site or facility at any reasonable time for
the purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect or copy any records
that must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; and may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the land application activities are carried out in
accordance with the conditions of this permit, the supporting materials, and in the manner
approved by this Division.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in
the application and other supporting data.

3. This permit is not automatically transferable. In the event that there is a desire for the
facilities to change ownership or a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request
must be submitted to the Division of Environmental Management accompanied by an
application fee, documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as
may be appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may
or may not be approved.
4. The following are approved sites for residuals application (see attached map(s)):
Application Area (acres]
Site No. Owner/Lessee (exgluding buffers)
I
Carolina Turkeys
3.0
2
Carolina Turkeys
2.0
3
Carolina Turkeys
9.0
4
Carolina Turkeys
11.0
5
Carolina Turkeys
6.0
6
Carolina Turkeys
16.0
8
Carolina Turkeys
14.0
11
Carolina Turkeys
44.5
12
Carolina Turkeys
15.5
TOTAL AVAILABLE ACRES 121.0
5. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in
accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6(a) to 143-215.6(c).
6. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
(30) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause
the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 2H .0205
7. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
8. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its
extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate.
9. This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate any conditions,
limitations aDd monitoring requirements the Division of Environmental Management deems
necessary in order to adequately protect the environment and public health.
Permit issued this the sixth day of February, 1996
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
A. Preston Aoward, Jr., PIP—, Director
Division o _tnvironmental Management
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ00061.47 Amendment

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F)GURE 4. SITES 8,11,12
SLUDGE LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM
CAROLINA TURKEYS
MT. OLIVE, NORTH CAROLINA
LEGEND ! $
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