WQ0002645_Final Permit_20081114

OF WA rF9 Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
> 00Qq North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Coleen H. Sullins, Director
© Division of Water Quality
November 14, 2008 ,•
Mit. TIM H. HOLLOMAN, TOWN MANAGER
TOWN OF COLUMBUS
PO BOX 146
COLUMBUS, NC 28772
Subject: Permit No. WQ0002645
Town of Columbus
Town of Columbus
Land Application of Residual Solids
Polk County
Dear Mr. Holloman:
In accordance with your permit renewal request received October 1, 2008, we are forwarding
herewith Permit No. WQ0002645, dated November 14, 2008, to the Town of Columbus for the continued
operation of the subject land application of residuals solids program. The approved volume has been
increased from 69.1 dry tons per year (as stated in the existing permit, issued October 5, 2001) to 80 dry
tons per year (see Attachment A). Also, the owner of Sites C2-1, C2-2, C2-3 and C2-4 has been updated
(see Attachment B).
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until October 31, 2013, shall void Permit
No. WQ0002645 issued October 5, 2001, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as
specified therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements in this permit. Failure to -
establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational information will
result in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the
right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following receipt of
this permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the
North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service
Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-6714. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final end binding.
Please note that on September 1, 2006 State Administrative Code 15A NCAC Subchapter 02T,•
Waste riot Discharged to Surface Water was adopted. This permit incorporates the requirement of these
rules. Remember to take the time to review this permit thoroughly, as some of the conditions
contained.therein may have been added, changed, or deleted from those in previously issued permits.
N)ithCarolina
Naturally
Aquifer Protection Section 16345 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1636 Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www ncwa er ualit .or Location: 2728 Capital Boulevard Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax 1: [phone]
Fax 2: [phone]
An Equal ©pportunity)Affirmative Action Employer— 50% Recycled/ 10% Post Consumer Paper Customer Service: [phone]

If you need additional information concerning this matter, please contact David Goodrich at (919)
715-6162 or [e-mail].
Sincerely,
j
G
�Lo:rpcoleen H. Sullins
cc: Polk County Health Department
Asheville Regional Office, Aquifer Protection Section
James C. Alexander, Precision Land Application, Inc.
Technical Assistance and Certification Unit
APS Central Files
LAU Files

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
LAND APPLICATION OF RESIDUAL SOLIDS PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina as
amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Town of Columbus
Polk County
FOR THE
continued operation of a residuals land application program for the Town of Columbus and consisting of
the land application of residuals generated by the residuals source -generating facilities listed in the most
recently -certified Attachment A to the land application sites listed in the most recently -certified
Attachment B with no discharge of wastes to surface waters, pursuant to the permit renewal and
modification application package received on October 1, 2008 and in conformity with the project plan,
specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until October 31, 2013, shall void Permit
No. WQ0002645 issued October 5, 2001, and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations:
I. SCHEDULES [please review the entire permit for reporting, monitoring, and other on-going activitiesl
1. No later than six months prior to the expiration of this permit, the Permittee shall request renewal of
this permit on official Division forms. Upon receipt of the request, the Division will review the
adequacy of the facilities described therein, and if warranted, will renew the permit for such period
of time and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate. Please note that Rule
15A NCAC 02T .0105(d) requires an updated site map to be submitted with the permit renewal
application.
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II. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages to
surface waters or groundwater resulting from the operation of this residuals land application program
2. No residuals other than those generated by the residuals source -generating facilities listed in the
most recently -certified Attachment A of this permit shall be approved for land application in
accordance with this permit.
3. Only the land application sites listed in the most recently certified Attachment B of this permit are
approved for residuals land application. A permit modification application is required for any new
land application sites to be added to Attachment B.
4. The pollutant concentrations in any residuals that are land applied to any land application site shall
not exceed the following Ceiling Concentrations (i.e., dry weight basis):
Parameter
Ceiling Concentration
(.illigrams per kilogram)
Arsenic
75
Cadmium
85
Copper
4,300
Lead
840
Mercury
57
Molybdenum
75
Nickel
420
Selenium
100
Zinc
7,500
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5. The pollutant loading rates on any land application site shall not exceed the following Cumulative
Pollutant Loading Rates (CPLRs):
Parameter
CPLR
(Pounds per acre
Arsenic
36
Cadmium
34
Copper
1,338
Lead
267
Mercury
15
Molybdenum
n/a
Nickel
374
Selenium
89
Zinc
2,498
The Permittee shall determine compliance with the cumulative pollutant loading rates using one of
the following methods:
a. Use site specific analytical data from all historical land application events not
otherwise exempted.
b. For land on which land application events of residuals has not occurred or for which
the data is incomplete, use background concentrations through representative
sampling.
6. When residuals are land applied under the conditions of this permit, the Class B pathogen reduction
requirements in 15A NCAC 02T .1106 (a) and (c), and one vector attraction reduction requirements
in 15A NCAC 02T .1107 (a) shall be met. Additionally, an evaluation shall be performed that
demonstrates the residuals' ability to comply with this requirement. Upon request, a copy of this
evaluation, including all test results and calculations, shall be submitted. Only residuals that are
generated by the residuals source -generating facilities that are identified as being exempt from this
condition in the most recently -certified Attachment A shall not be required to comply with the
specified pathogen reduction and vector attraction reduction requirements.
When land applying residuals to any land application site, the following setbacks shall be maintained
(all distances in feet):
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' The buffer zone requirement may be reduced to a minimum of 100 feet upon written consent of
the owner and approval from the appropriate regional office.
Specific residuals land application area boundaries shall be clearly marked on each land application
site prior to and during a residuals land application event.
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Setback by type of application
Surface
Surface
Application
Application
by
Injection /
Description of Setback
by Vehicle
Irrigation
Incorporation
i. Habitable residence or place of public assembly
under separate ownership or not to be maintained
as part of the pi7oject site
400'
400'
200`
ii. Habitable residence or places of public assembly
owned by the permittee, the owner of the Iand, or
the lessee/operator of the land to be maintained
as part of the project site
0
200
0
iii. Property lines
50
50
50
iv. Public right of way
50
50
50
v. Private or public water supply source, waters
classified as SA or SB, and any Class I or Class
11 impounded reservoir used as a source of
drinking water
100
100
100
vi. Surface Waters (streams — intermittent and
perennial, perennial waterbodies, and wetlands),
including any streams classified as WS or B, any
other stream, canal, marsh or coastal waters and
any other lake or im oundment
100
100
50
vii. Upslope interceptor drains and upslope surface
water diversions (ephemeral streams, waterways,
ditches)
10
10
10
viii. Groundwater lowering ditches (where the bottom
of the ditch intersects the SHWT), downslope
interceptor drains, downslope surface water
diversions, and downslope surface drainage
ditches
25
25
25
ix. Subsurface groundwater lowering system
0
100
0
x. Wells with exception to monitoring wells
100
100
100
xi. Bedrock outcrops
25
25
25
xii. Top of slope of embankments or cuts of two feet
or more in vertical height
15
15
15
xiii. Building foundations or basements
0
15
0
xiv. Waterlines
0
10
0
xv. Swimming pools
100
100
100
xvi. Nitrification fields
0
20
0
' The buffer zone requirement may be reduced to a minimum of 100 feet upon written consent of
the owner and approval from the appropriate regional office.
Specific residuals land application area boundaries shall be clearly marked on each land application
site prior to and during a residuals land application event.
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9. Residuals and other sources of Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) shall be land applied to all land
application sites at or below agronomic rates. Appropriate agronomic rates shall be calculated using
expected nitrogen requirements based on the Realistic Yield Expectations (RYE) for each approved
land application site. Realistic Yield Expectations for crop types and specific fields or soils types
shall be determined by using any of the following methods:
a. North Carolina Historical Data for specific crop and soil types as provided by North Carolina
State University Department of Soil Science. The Department webpage is located at:
http_//www.soil.nesu.edu/nmp/ncnmwplyields/
b. Site Specific Historical Data for crop types on specific fields or soil types by calculating the
mean of the best three yields of the last :five consecutive crop harvests for each field.
c. If the RYE cannot be determined using methods 9(a) or 9(b) above, RYE can be established
from specially developed soil interpretation records for Nutrient Management Planning, Farre
Service Agency Records, university trials, or inference from crop performance on soil with
very similar physical and chemical features.
d. Realistic Yields Expectations and acceptable nitrogen application rates that use the above
methodology are required parts of many agricultural planning documents. The Permittee may
use the RYE and appropriate agronomic rates reported in any of the following documents:
i. Crop management plan as outlined by the local Cooperative Extension Office, the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Natural Resource
Conservation Service, or other agronomist.
ii. Waste Utilization Plan as outlined by Senate BilI 1217 Interagency Group- Guidance
Document: Chapter 1. Guidance for the completion of the plan can be found at:
hM-://www.enr.state.nc.us/DSWC/Sages/guida-nee docs.html.
iii. Certified Nutrient Management Plan as outlined by Natural Resources Conservation
Services (NRCS). These plans must meet the USDA-NRCS 590 Nutrient Management
Standards, which are available at:
ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.ovINHQ/practice-standards/standards/590.pdf.
For any crop type for which the RYE and appropriate nitrogen application rate cannot be
determined, the Permittee shall contact the Division to determine necessary action.
10. If the land application sites are to be overseeded or doublecropped (e.g., bermuda grass in the
summer and rye grass in the winter with BOTH crops to receive residuals or corn and small grain
both to receive residuals), then the second crop shall receive an application of PAN at a rate of no
greater than 50 pounds per acre per year. This practice shall be allowed as long as the second crop is
to be harvested. If the second crop is to be planted for erosion control only and is to be tilled into the
soil, then no residuals shall be land applied to these sites because the PAN will essentially be
returned to the soil.
Prior to application of PAN to permitted sites at rates exceeding the agronomic rate, the Permittee
must submit and receive approval by the Division.
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11. Should any of the residuals generated by the residuals source -generating facilities listed in the most
recently -certified Attachment A of this permit contain a high salt content (i.e., high sodium
adsorption ratio (SAR) of ten (10) or higher), the Permittee shall obtain and implement
recommendations from the local Cooperative Extension Office, the Department of Agriculture and
Consumer Services, the Natural Resource Conservation Service, a North Carolina -licensed Soil
Scientist, or other agronomist regarding sodium application rate, soil amendments (e.g., gypsum,
etc.) or other ameliorative mechanism for maintaining the integrity of the site in terms of suitability
for land application of residuals and maintaining conditions conducive to crop growth. The
Permittee shall maintain written records of each monitoring event that includes details of the sites
covered and rate of soil amendment application.
12. The COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY for residuals land application programs is specified by
regulations in 15A NCAC 2L (i.e., "Groundwater Classifications and Standards"). The Compliance
Boundary for each land application site is established at either 250 feet from the residuals land
application area or 50 feet within the property boundary, whichever is closest to the residuals land
application area. Per 15A NCAC 2T .0105(h), upon the request by the Permittee the Compliance
Boundary may be located closer to the waste disposal area (provided the groundwater standards can
be met at the newly established Compliance Boundary). Any approved relocation of the
COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY will be noted in the most recently -certified Attachment B of this
permit. An exceedance of Groundwater Standards at or beyond the Compliance Boundary is subject
to remediation action according to 15A NCAC 2L .0106(d)(2) as well as enforcement actions in
accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A through 143-215.6C.
13. The REVIEW BOUNDARY shall be established around each land application site midway between
the Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of the residuals land application area. Any exceedance
of Groundwater Quality Standards at the Review Boundary shall require action in accordance with
15A NCAC 2L.0 106 (d)(1).
14. The appropriate local governmental official (i.e., county manager, city manager, etc.) shall be
notified at least 24 hours prior to the initial residuals land application event to any new land
application site. In addition, the appropriate county manager's office shall be notified prior to the
initial residuals land application event on any new site so that they will be aware that residuals land
application activities have commenced on the site.
15. The Aquifer Protection Section of the appropriate Division's regional office shall be notified at least
24 hours prior to the initial residuals land application event on any new land application site. Such
notification to the Regional Aquifer Protection Supervisor shall be made during normal office hours
(i.e., from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m.) between Monday and Friday, but excluding State Holidays. A
list of the Division's regional offices, their county coverage, and their contact information may be
downloaded from the web site at hqp://www._enr.state.ne.us/html/re�4ionaloffices.html.
III. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
The residuals land application program shall be effectively maintained and operated at all times as a
non -discharge system to prevent the discharge of any wastes resulting from the operation of this
program.
2. The Permittee shall maintain an Operation and Maintenance Plan pursuant to 15A NCAC 02T .1110
including operational functions, maintenance schedules, inspection plan, safety measures, and a spill
response plan. The inspection portion of the plan shall include the following information:
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a. Names of personnel responsible for conducting the inspections
b.Description of inspection plan describing how the frequency of inspections and location of
inspections are determined to assure that inspections are representative of land application
program.
c. Description of record keeping requirements meeting requirements of Permit Condition IV.9.
d. Description of required actions meeting the requirements of Permit Condition IV. 11 to be taken
by the inspector in the event that noncompliance is observed during an inspection.
In the event that the residuals land application program is not operated satisfactorily, including the
creation of nuisance conditions due to improper operation and maintenance, the Permittee shall cease
land applying residuals to the site, contact the Aquifer Protection Section of the appropriate Division
of Water Quality's (Division) regional office, and take any immediate corrective actions as may be
required by the Division.
4. Upon classification of the residuals land application program by the Water Pollution Control System
Operators Certification Commission (WPCSOCC), the Permittee shall designate a certified ]and
application/residuals operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of the program. The operator shall
hold a certificate of the type classification assigned to the program by the WPCSOCC. The
Permittee shall also designate a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type to comply with the
conditions of 15A NCAC 86.0201.
A suitable vegetative cover shall be maintained in accordance with the crop management plan
outlined by the local Extension Office, the Department of Agriculture, the Natural Resource
Conservation Service, or other agronomist, and approved by the Division.
6. This permit shall become voidable if the soils of the land application sites fail to assimilate the
residuals or the application causes contravention of surface water or groundwater standards and may
be revoked unless the land application sites are maintained and operated in a manner that will protect
the assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and groundwater.
A copy of this permit shall be maintained in all manned equipment at the land application sites when
residuals are being land applied during the life of this permit. The spill prevention and control plan
shall be maintained in all residuals transport and application vehicles.
8. Adequate provisions shall be taken to prevent wind erosion and surface runoff from conveying
residuals from the land application sites onto adjacent properties or into any surface waters.
9. Adequate procedures shall be provided to prevent surface runoff from carrying any land applied or
stored residuals into any surface waters.
10. No residuals shall be stored at any land application site at any time, unless written approval has first
been requested and obtained from the Division.
11. Bulk residuals shall not be applied to the land under the following conditions:
a. If the residuals are likely to adversely affect a threatened or endangered species listed under
section 4 of the Endangered Species or its designated critical habitat;
b. If the application causes prolonged nuisance conditions;
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c. If the land fails to assimilate the bulk residuals or the application causes the contravention of
surface water or groundwater standards;
d. If the land is flooded, frozen, or snow-covered or is otherwise in a condition such that runoff of
the residuals would occur;
e. Within the 100 -year flood elevation unless the bulk residuals are injected or incorporated within
a 24-hour period following the residuals land application event;
f. During a measurable precipitation event (i.e., >.01" per hour) or wAin 24 hours following a
rainfall event of 0.5 inches or greater in a 24-hour period. Any emergency residuals land
application measures shall first be approved in writing by the Division;
g. If the slope for land is greater than 10 percent when bulk liquid residuals are surface applied, and
if the slope of the land is greater then IS percent with bulk Iiquid residuals are injected or
incorporated;
h. If the pH is not maintained in the soil, residuals, and lime mixture, greater than 6.0, on land
application sites onto which residuals are applied. Residuals may be applied to the sites
provided that sufficient amounts of lime is also applied to achieve a final pH of the soil mixture
of at least 6.0, or if an agronomist provides information indicating that the pH of the soil,
residuals, and lime mixture is suited for the specified crop type. Any approved variations to the
acceptable soil pH (6.0) for land application will be noted in the most recently certified
Attachment B of this permit.
i. If the land does not have an established vegetative cover in accordance with the crop
management plan outlined by the Iocal Cooperative Extension Office, the Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Natural Resource Conservation Service, or other
agronomist unless the bulk residuals are incorporated within a 24-hour period following the
residuals land application event or injected (This requirement does not apply to no -till
fields);
j. If the vertical separation of the seasonal high water table and the depth of residuals application is
less than one foot;
k. If the vertical separation of the depth to bedrock and the depth of residuals application is less
than one foot;
12. For land onto which bulk residual that do not meet the Class A Pathogen Reduction Requirements
(15A NCAC 02T. I 106(b)), the following public access restrictions apply:
a. Public access to public contact sites shall be restricted for one calendar year after any residuals
land application event. Such controls may include the posting of signs indicating the activities
conducted at each site;
b. Public access to land that is not a public contact site shall be restricted for 30 days after any
residuals land application event. Such controls may include the posting of signs indicating the
activities conducted at each site.
13. For land onto which bulk residual that do not meet the Class A pathogen Reduction Requirements
(15A NCAC 02T.1 106(b)), the following harvesting and grazing restrictions apply:
a. Animals shall not be allowed to graze on land application sites for 30 days after any residuals
land application event. Sites that are to be used for grazing shall have fencing that will be used
to prevent access after each event;
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b. Food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops shall not be harvested for 30 days after any residuals land
application event;
c. Food crops with harvested parts that touch the residual/soil mixture and are totally above the
land surface (e.g., tobacco, melons, cucumbers, squash, etc.) shall not be harvested for 14
months after any residuals land application event;
d. Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land (i.e., root crops such as potatoes,
carrots, radishes, etc.) shall not be harvested for 20 months after any residuals land application
event when the residuals remain on the land surface for four months or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil;
e. Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 38
months after any residuals land application event when the residuals remain on the land surface
for less than four months prior to incorporation into the soil;
f. Turf grown on land where residuals are applied shall not be harvested for 12 months after any
residuals land application event.
14. This permit shall become voidable unless the agreements between the Permittee and the landowners
and lessees or operators of any land application sites listed in the most recently -certified Attachment
B of this permit not owned by the Permittee are in full force and in effect. These agreements shall
be considered expired concurrent with the expiration date of the permit and shall be renewed at the
same time the permit is renewed.
15. Upon entering an agreement with landowners to apply residuals to a land application site, the
Permittee shall require of the landowner or lessee/operator a statement detailing the volume of
nutrient sources (waste residuals, manufactured fertilizers, manures, or other animal waste products)
other than the residuals to be applied by the Permittee, that have been applied to the land, and a copy
of the most recent Nutrient Management Plan (NMP), if available, for the fields within the
agreement. For the purpose of this permit condition, a Crop Management Plan (CMP), Waste
Utilization Pian (WUP) or Certified Nutrient Management Plan (CNMP) shall also be
considered a Nutrient Management Plan.
The MMPs must be provided only for those operations where a NMP is required by the US
Department of Agriculture — National Resources Conservation Service (MRCS) or other State
Agencies. The Permittee shall rely on the provided information to calculate appropriate reductions
in allowable nutrient loading rates. If the calculation shows that the agronomic rates in the NMP
(including PAN) have already been met or exceeded on a field, no additional residuals shall be land
applied to that field.
IV. MONITORING AND REPORTING REOUIREMENTS
Any monitoring (i.e., including groundwater, surface water, residuals, soil, or plant tissue analyses)
deemed necessary by the Division to ensure protection of the environment shall be established, and
an acceptable sampling and reporting schedule shall be followed.
Residuals generated by each residuals source -generating facility listed in the most -recently -certified
Attachment A of this permit shall be analyzed to demonstrate that they are non -hazardous under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). A corrosivity, ignitability, and reactivity
analysis as well as a Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis shall be
conducted on residuals generated by each residuals source -generating facility listed in the most
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recently -certified Attachment A of this permit. The analyses shall be performed at the frequency
specified in the most recently -certified Attachment A of this permit, and the results shall be
maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years.
If residuals generated by a particular residuals source -generating facility are insufficient to require a
land application events during a required sampling period as specified in the most recently -certified
Attachment A of this permit (e.g. no land application occur during an entire year when annual
monitoring is required), no sampling data is required during the period of inactivity. The Permittee
shall submit an annual report, as requirediin condition IV. 10., even in the event that no land
application events occur during an entire year; the annual report shall include an explanation for
missing sampling data.
Only residuals that are generated by the residuals source -generating facilities that are identified as
being exempt from this condition in the most recently -certified Attachment A of this permit shall not
be required to comply with this monitoring requirement.
The TCLP analysis shall include the following parameters (i.e., note the regulatory level in
milligrams per liter in parentheses):
Arsenic (5.0)
Barium (100.0)
Benzene (0.5)
Cadmium (1.0)
Carbon tetrachloride (0.5)
Chlordane (0.03)
Chlorobenzene (100.0)
Chloroform (6.0)
Chromium (5.0)
m -Cresol (200.0)
o -Cresol (200.0)
p -Cresol (200.0)
Cresol (200.0)
2,4-D (10.0)
1,4 -Dichlorobenzene (7.5) Nitrobenzene (2.0)
1,2-Dichloroethane (0.5)
Pentachlorophenol (100.0)
1,1-Dichioroethylene (0.7)
Pyridine (5.0)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (0.13)
Selenium (1.0)
Endrin (0.02)
Silver (5.0)
Hexachlorobenzene (0.13)
Tetrachloroethylene (0.7)
Heptachlor (and its hydroxide) (0.008)
Toxaphene (0.5)
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (0.5)
Trichloroethylene (0.5)
Hexachloroethane (3.0)
2,4,5 -Trichlorophenol (400.0)
Lead (5.0)
2,4,6 -Trichlorophenol (2.0)
Lindane (0.4)
2,4,5 -TP (Silvex) (1.0)
Mercury (0.2)
Vinyl chloride (0.2)
Methoxychlor (10.0)
Methyl ethyl ketone (200.0)
3. An analysis shall be conducted on residuals generated by each residual source -generating facility
listed in the most recently certified Attachment A of this permit. The analysis shall be performed at
the frequency specified in the most recently certified Attachment A of this permit, and the results
shall be maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years. The analysis shall include,
but shall not necessarily be limited to, the following parameters:
Aluminum
Magnesium
Ammonia -Nitrogen
Mercury
Arsenic
Molybdenum
Cadmium
Nickel
Calcium
Nitrate -Nitrite Nitrogen
Copper
Phosphorus
Lead
Potassium
Sodium Adsorption Ratio
(SAR)
pH
Plant Available Nitrogen
(by calculation)
Selenium
Sodium
% Total Solids
TKN
Zinc
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If residuals generated by a particular residuals source -generating facility are insufficient to require a
land application events during a required sampling period as specified in the most recently -certified
Attachment A of this permit, the Permittee shall make up the missed sampling either by taking
additional samples during land application events previous to a planned period of inactivity or by
taking additional samples during land application events immediately following the period of
inactivity. If no land application events occur during a complete calendar year, the Permittee need
not make up the missed sampling events for that year. The Permittee shall submit an annual report,
as required in condition N. 10., even in the event that no land application events occur during an
entire year; the annual report shall include an explanation of additional sampling data intended to
compensate for periods of inactivity, or an explanation for missing sampling data
4. Residuals generated by each residuals source -generating facility listed in the most recently -certified
Attachment A of this permit shall be monitored for compliance with Condition H.6. The monitoring
shall be performed at the frequency specified in the most recently -certified Attachment A of this
permit, and data to verify pathogen and vector attraction reduction of the residuals shall be
maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years. The required data shall be specific
to the stabilization process utilized, but also shall be sufficient to demonstrate clear compliance with
the Class A pathogen reduction requirements in 15A NCAC 02T .1106 (a) and (b) or the Class B
pathogen reduction requirements in 15A NCAC 02T .1106 (a) and (c), and one vector attraction
reduction requirements in 15A NCAC 02T .1107 (a) shall be met. In addition, the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) certification statements concerning compliance with pathogen reduction
requirements, vector attraction reduction requirements, and management practices shall be
completed at the frequency specified in the most recently -certified Attachment A of this permit by
the proper authority or authorities, if more than one is involved (i.e., either the person who prepares
the residuals, the person who derives the material, or the person who applies the residuals). Only
residuals that are generated by the residuals source -generating facilities that are identified as being
exempt from Condition H.6. in the most recently -certified Attachment A of this permit shall not be
required to comply with this monitoring requirement.
5. A representative annual soils analysis (i.e., Standard Soil Fertility Analysis) shall be conducted on
each land application site on which a residuals land application event in the respective calendar year
has occurred or is to occur, and the results shall be maintained on file by the Permittee for a
minimum of five years. The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis shall include, but is not necessarily
limited to, the following parameters:
Acidity
Calcium
Cation Exchange Capacity
Copper
Base Saturation (by calculation)
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (by calculation)
Magnesium Phosphorus
Manganese Potassium
Percent Humic Matter Sodium
U
Zinc
6. Laboratory analyses of parameters as required by Condition TV. I., Condition IV.2., Condition IV.3.,
and Condition IVA. shall be performed/gathered on the residuals as they are to be land applied.
7. Laboratory analyses of parameters as required by Condition N.1., Condition IV.2., Condition IV.3.,
Condition IVA., and Condition N.S. shall be in accordance with 15A NCAC 02B .0505.
8. Proper records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking all residuals land application events.
These records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following information:
a. Source of residuals;
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Shell Version 080827 Page 11 of 14

b. Date of land application;
c. Location of land application (i.e., site, field, or zone number as listed in Attachment B);
d. Method of land application;
e. Weather conditions (e.g., sunny, cloudy, raining, etc.);
f. Predominant Soil Mapping Unit (e.g., CbB2);
g. Soil conditions (e.g., dry, wet, frozen, etc.);
h. Type of crop or crops to be grown on field;
i. Nitrogen Application Rate based on RYEs.
j. Volume of residuals land applied in gallons per acre, cubic yard per acre, dry tons per acre, wet
ton per acre, or kilograms per hectare;
k. Volume of animal waste or other nutrient source applied in gallons per acre, dry ton per acre,
wet tons per acre, or kilograms per hectare (if applicable);
1. Volume of soil amendments (e.g., lime, gypsum, etc.) applied in gallons per acre, dry ton per
acre, wet tons per acre, or kilograms per hectare (if applicable); and
in. Annual and cumulative totals of dry tons per acre of residuals as well as animal waste and other
sources of nutrients (e.g., if applicable), annual and cumulative pounds per acre of each heavy
metal (e.g., shall include, but shall not be limited to, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury,
molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), annual pounds per acre of PAN, and annual pounds
per acre of phosphorus applied to each field.
All records required as part of this permit shall be retained a minimum of five years.
10. Three copies of an annual report shall be submitted on or before March I". The annual report shall
meet the requirements described in the Instructions For Residuals Application Annual Reporting
Forms. The most recent instructions for reporting and annual report forms are available on the Land
Application Unit website at http://h2o.erz.state.nc.us/lau/compliance.html, or can be obtained by
contacting the Land Application Unit directly. The annual report shall be submitted to the following
address:
NCDENR-DWQ
Information Processing Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
11. Noncompliance Notification
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Asheville Regional Office, telephone number (828)
296-4500, as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next working day
following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the following:
a. Any occurrence with the land application program which results in the land application of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic.
b. Any failure of the land application program resulting in a release of material to receiving waters.
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Shell Version 080827 Page 12 of 14

c. Any time that self-monitoring information indicates that the facility has gone out of compliance
with the conditions and limitations of this permit or the parameters on which the system was
designed.
d. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility incapable of
adequate residual treatment.
e. Any spillage or discharge from a vehicle or piping system during transportation of residuals.
For any emergency that requires immediate reporting (e.g., discharges to surface waters, imminent
failure of a storage structure, etc.) outside normal business hours must be reported to the Division's
Emergency Response personnel at telephone number [phone], [phone], or (919) 733-
3300.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter form within
five (5) days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline the actions taken
or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
V- INSPECTIONS
Adequate inspection and maintenance shall be provided by the Permittee to ensure proper operation
of the subject facilities.
2. Prior to each residuals land application event, the Permittee or his designee shall inspect the
residuals storage, transport, and application facilities to prevent malfunctions and deterioration,
operator errors, and discharges that may cause or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a
threat to human health, or a nuisance. The Permittee shall maintain an inspection log or summary
including at least the date and time of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs,
or corrective actions taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the
Permittee for a period of five years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available to the
Division or other permitting authority, upon request.
Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division may, upon presentation of
credentials, enter and inspect any property, premises, or place on or related to the land application
sites or facilities at any reasonable time for the purpose of determining compliance with this permit;
may inspect or copy any records that must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; and
may obtain samples of groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
VI. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the residuals land application events are carried out in
accordance with the conditions of this permit, the supporting materials, and in the manner approved
by the Division.
2. This permit shall be effective only with respect to the nature and volume of residuals described in
the application and other supporting data.
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Shell Version 080827 Page 13 of 14

Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the Permittee
to an enforcement action by the Division in accordance with North Carolina General Statutes § 143-
215.6A through §143-215.6C.
4. The annual administering and compliance fee shall be paid by the Permittee within 30 days after
being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause the Division to initiate
action to revoke this permit, as specified by 15 NCAC 2T .0105 (e).
The issuance of this permit does not exempt the Permittee from complying with any and all statutes,
rules, regulations, or ordinances, which may be imposed by other government agencies (local, state,
and federal) that have jurisdiction. Of particular concern to the Division are applicable river buffer
rules in 15A NCAC 02B .0200, erosion and sedimentation control requirements in 15A NCAC
Chapter 4 and under the Division's General Permit NCG010000, and any requirements pertaining to
wetlands under 15A NCAC 02B .0200 and 02H .0500.
6. This permit may be modified, revoked, and/or reissued to incorporate any conditions, limitations and
monitoring requirements the Division deems necessary in order to protect the environment and
public health adequately.
7. This permit shall not be automatically transferable. In the event that there is a desire for the
residuals land application program to change ownership or to change the name of the Permittee, a
formal permit request shall be submitted to the Division documentation from the parties involved
and other supporting materials as may be appropriate. The approval of this request shall be
considered on its merits and may or may not be approved.
This permit shall become voidable unless the agreements between the Permittee and the
landowner(s)/Iessee(s), and/or operator(s) are in full force, and in effect. The landowner agreements
shall be considered expired concurrent with the expiration date of the permit and must be removed at
the same time the permit is renewed.
Permit issued this the 14th day of November, 2008.
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
for `Coleen H. Sullins, I5ire&
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0002645
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Shell Version 080827 Page 14 of 14

ATTACHMENT A - Approved Residual Sources
Permit Number: WQ0002645 Version: 3.0
Towu of Columbus
Certification Date: 11/14/08
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Attachment A page 1 of 1
Monitoring
Frequency
Monitoring
Maximum
for
Frequency for
Approved
Permit
Issued
Dry Tons
Condition
Condition IV.3. and
Mineralization
Owner
Facility Name
County
Number
By
Is 503?
Per Year
N.2.
Condition IVA.
Rate
Town of
Town of Columbus
Once per
Columbus
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Polk
NCO021369
DWQ
503
80.0
permit
Annually
0.30
Total
80.0
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Attachment A page 1 of 1

ATTACHMENT B - APPROVED LAND APPLICATION SITES
Permit Number: WQ0002645 Version: 3.0
Town of Columbus — Town of Columbus Residuals Land Application Program
Certification Date: 11/14/08
Field/
Site
Owner
Lessee
County
Latitude
Longitude
Net Acreage
Dominant
Soil Series
Cl -1
Frank Smith
Polk
35015'06"
82°08'54"
5.8
Pacolet sandy clay
Cl -2
Frank Smith
Palk
35"15'13"
82°08'54"
7.7
Pacolet sandy clay
Cl -3
Frank Smith
Polk
35015'12"
82008'44"
15.8
Pacolet sandy clay
C14
Frank Smith
Polk
35°15'21"
82°08'37"
9.8
Pacolet sandy clay
C1-5
Frank Smith
Polk
35015'27'
82°08'51"
22.1
Pacolet sandy clay
C2-1
Jacquelyn Walker
Stuart Walker
Polk
35017'06"
82°07'02"
12.8
Hiwassee clay loam
C2-2
Jacquelyn Walker
Stuart Walker
Polk
35017'36"
82007'03"
18.1
Hiwassee clay Ioam
C2-3
Jacquelyn Walker
Stuart Walker
Polk
35017'30"
82006'41"
25.4
Hiwassee clay loam
C24
Jacquelyn Walker
Stuart Walker
Polk
35017'41"
82006'34"
17.8
Hiwassee clay loam
Total
135.3
•
WQ0002645 Version 3.0 Attachment B Page 1 of 1

I
QSIF:t�On �-P
Peek
Town of Columbus, NC
Land Application Program
Area Reference Map
� hlnuntai�---
l�
•
FIGURE 1
Prepared by: TOWN OF COLUMBUS
4 ,lames C. Alexander LAND APPLICATION PROGRAM
I Precision Land Application,
March 2001 POLK COUNTY
W00002645
SITE LOCATION MAP

Site 1
Fields 1 through 5
Prepared by:
,fames C. Alexandc
Precision Land Applicata
March 2001
FIGURE 2
TOWN OF COLUMBUS
LAND APPLICATION PROGRAM
POLK COUNTY
WQ0002645
SITE DETAIL MAP FOR
SITES C1-01, C1-02, C1-03, C1-04 & C1-05

Site 2
Fields 1 through 4
Prepared by:
James C. Alexander
Precision Land Application,
March 2001
Scale: 1" = 800'
FIGURE 3
TOWN OF COLUMBUS
LAND APPLICATION PROGRAM
POLK COUNTY
W00002645
SITE DETAIL MAP FOR
SITES C2-01, C2-02, C2-03 & C2-04