WQ0000506_Final Permit_19910322

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor George T. Everett, Ph.D.
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary Director
March 22, 1991
Mr. Wallace Woodall
Woodall Vacuum Pumping Service, Incorporated
Post Office Box 5066
Cary, North Carolina 27511 Subject: Permit No. WQ0000506
Woodall Vacuum Pumping Service, Inc.
Land Application of Sludge
Wake and Chatham Counties
In accordance with your application received September 28, 1990, we are forwarding
herewith Permit No. WQ0000506, dated March 22, 1991, to Woodall Vacuum Pumping Service,
Incorporated for the addition of four new sludge sources and the continued operation of a land
application of sludge program.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until August 1, 1992, and shall
supersede Permit No. WQ0000506 issued October 30, 1990, and shall be subject to the conditions
and lir itations as specified therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements
in this permit. Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required
operational information will result in future compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable to you,
you have the right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within 30 days
following receipt of this permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming
to Chapter 150B of North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative
Hearings, P.O. Drawer 27447, Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this
permit shall be final and binding.
One set of approved documents is being forwarded to you. If you need additional
infoznnation concerning this matter, please contact Mr. Mark Hawes at 9191733-5083.
C. cerely,
George T. E erett
cc: Wake County Health Department
Chatham County Health Departme t
Raleigh Regional Office
Groundwater Section
Training and Certification
L. M. Safley, AWT, Inc.
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27 61 1-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
SLUDGE LAND APPLICATION PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North
Carolina as amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Woodall Vacuum Pumping Service
Chatham and Wake Counties
FOR THE
continued operation of a sludge land application program consisting of disposing sludge from the
facilities listed in condition No. II 4 which include 4 additional sludge sources to privately owned
sites with a total area of approximately 408.3 acres in Wake and Chatham Counties as described in
condition No. VI 6 with no discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the application
received September 28, 1990, and in conformity with the project plan, specifications, and other
supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until August 1, 1992, , and shall
supersede Permit No. WQ0000506 issued October 30, 1990, and shall be subject to the following
specified conditions and limitations:
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
This permit shall become voidable if the soils fail to adequately absorb the wastes
and may be rescinded unless the sites are maintained and operated in a manner
which will protect the assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and
ground waters.
2. The land application program shall be effectively maintained and operated as a
non -discharge system to prevent the discharge of any wastes resulting from the
operation of this program.
3. In the event that the land application program is not operated satisfactorily, including
the creation of nuisance conditions, the Permittee shall cease applying sludge to the
sites and take any immediate corrective actions, including the construction of
additional or replacement wastewater treatment or disposal facilities.
4. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for
damages to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.
5. No crops for direct human consumption shall be raised on these sites for a period
of 18 months following sludge application.

6. Maximum slope for sludge application shall be 10% for surface application and
18% for subsurface applications.
7. The following buffers zones shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet from residences under separate ownership for surface application
method,
b) 200 feet from residences under separate ownership for injection method,
c) - 100 feet from "SA and SB" classified waters, potable water wells, and public
surface water supplies for both methods,
d) 50 feet from "WS" classified waters and other streams, creeks, lakes, rivers,
and surface water drainage ways for injection method.
e) 100 feet from. "WS" classified waters and other streams, creeks, lakes, rivers
and surface water drainage ways for surface application method,
f) 100 feet from property lines for both methods,
g) 50 feet from public right of ways for surface application method,
h) 10 feet from upslope interceptor drains and surface water diversions for both
methods,
i) 25 feet from downslope interceptor drains, surface water diversions,
groundwater drainage systems and surface drainage ditches for both
methods.
8. A copy of this permit shall be kept in all sludge transport and application vehicles
during the life of this permit.
9. All sludges included in this permit must be stabilized by a process to significantly
reduce pathogens (as described in 40 CFR Part 257, Appendix 11) prior to
application or incorporation. Processes to stabilize each sludge shall be in place and
operational on or before December 31, 1990. Failure to submit proof of stabilization
for each sludge may result in revocation of this permit in accordance with NC
General Statute 143-215.1(b)(3).
10. Specific sludge application area boundaries shall be clearly marked on each site prior
to and during sludge application.
11. No sludge at any time shall be stored at any application site.
11. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
I. The facilities and disposal sites shall be properly maintained and operated at all
times.
2. A suitable vegetative cover as listed in condition II 3, shall be maintained in
accordance with the crop management plan approved by this Division.
3. The application rates shall not exceed the following for the specified crops:
crop—s PAN (Ibs/acrlvear)
Corry 200
Grains, soybeans, sorghum 150
Bermuda Grass 350
Fescue, Rye, other grasses 200
2

4. No sludges other than the following are hereby approved for land application in
accordance with this permit:
Source
1) Town of Wendell
2) Town of Pittsboro
3) - Cole Park Plaza WWTP
4) Fearrington Subd. WWTP
5) Five Oaks Subd. WWTP
6) Nature Trails MHP
7) Town of Cary
8) Mid -State Farms, Inc.
9) Town of Fuquay-Varina b
10) Town of Wake Forest b
11) Town of Morrisville -
Perimeter Park WWTP
12) Town of Morrisville -
Aviation Pkwy. WWTP
13) Lake Royale Resort a
14) Days Inn WWTP a
15) Cedar Village Apts,
16) Carolina Meadows
17) Pope Industrial Park a
18) Plantation Inn WWTP
19) Gresham Lake Utility
20) Harrington Grove Subd. a
21) River Mills Subd.
22) Carolina Trace Subd.
23) Foxhall Village MHP
24) Hidden Cove Subd.
25) High Meadows Subd.
26) Bristol Myers Inc.
27) Lawrence Transfer Systems a
28) Tradewinds Subd.
29) Riverwalk Subd. a
30) Wildwood Green Subd.
31) Hawthorne Subd.
32) Beachwood Subd.
33) Indian Creek Subd.
34) Cottonwood Subd.
35) Deerchase Subd.
36) Mill Run Subd. a
37) Wake Technical College
38) Briarwood Farms Subd.
39) Mallards Crossing Subd.
40) Kings Grant Subdivision
41) Ashley Hills Subdivision
42) Willowbrook Subd.
43) White Oak Subdivision
44) Riverview
45) Town of Holly Springs
46) Shearon Harris WWTP
47) Creekside MHP
48) Forty Niners Club
Table Continued on next page.
County Estimated Volume Required
(gallonslyear) Acreage (acres)
Wake
Chatham
Chatham
Chatham
Durham
Chatham
Wake
Chatham
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Franklin
Durham
Chatham
Chatham
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Lee
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
Wake
3
300,000
208,000
48,000
128,000
125,000
32,000
2,770,000
164,000
150,000
520,000
25,000
25,000
4,000
8,000
8,000
24,000
10,000
12,000
20,000
4,000
20,000
30,000
50,000
16,000
16,000
40,000
4,000
25,000
40,000
1,000
50,000
10,000
12,000
20,000
5,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
25,000
12,000
20,000
12,000
8,000
82,000
20,000
20,000
9,000
6,000
8.71
28.52
0.35
2.03
2.71
1.23
83.21
29.92
3.25
14.25
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.42
0.76
0.17
3.90
0.29
0.17
1.40
0.61
0.91
0.50
0.12
0.25
0.10
0.78
0.23
0.01
0.79
0.27
0.23
1.10
0.15
0.74
0.19
0.40
0.28
0.13
0.20
0.27
0.13
1.39
0.37
0.73
0.15
0.09

49) Countryside MHP
a Denotes sludges that shall be applied to lands which are to be covered with grass
crops ONLY, otherwise additional acreage will be necessary to accommodate
other cover crops.
b Denotes sludges that shall be applied to Wake County sites ONLY.
If it is determined that the sludge volumes have been erroneously calculated, the
Permittee shall give immediate notification to the Raleigh Regional Office prior to
land applying any sludge in excess of the given volumes above for the respective
facilities.
5. The lifetime heavy metal loadings shall not exceed the following for the
corresponding Cation Exchange Capacities (CEC):
Param CEC < 5 CE 5-15 CEC > 15
Lead (lbs/acre)
Plant A
Wake
9,000
0.04
50)
Countryside MHP
1000
Copper (lbs/acre)
125
250
Plant B
Wake
9,000
0.02
51)
Whippoorwill Valley
Wake
5,000
0.30
52)
Barclay Downs
Wake
100,000
1.94
53)-
Town of Clayton
Johnston
50,000
0.48
54)
Cross Creels Subdivision
Wake
20,000
0.31
55)
Knightdale Estates Subd.
Wake
12,000
0.72
56)
Trails Subdivision
Wake
12.000
0.28
TOTALS
5,478,000
196.57
a Denotes sludges that shall be applied to lands which are to be covered with grass
crops ONLY, otherwise additional acreage will be necessary to accommodate
other cover crops.
b Denotes sludges that shall be applied to Wake County sites ONLY.
If it is determined that the sludge volumes have been erroneously calculated, the
Permittee shall give immediate notification to the Raleigh Regional Office prior to
land applying any sludge in excess of the given volumes above for the respective
facilities.
5. The lifetime heavy metal loadings shall not exceed the following for the
corresponding Cation Exchange Capacities (CEC):
Param CEC < 5 CE 5-15 CEC > 15
Lead (lbs/acre)
500
1000
2000
Zinc (lbs/acre)
250
500
1000
Copper (lbs/acre)
125
250
500
Nickel (lbs/acre)
125
250
500
Cadmium (lbs/acre)
4.5
9
is
6. Adequate facilities shall be provided to prevent surface runoff from carrying any
disposed or stored material into any surface waters.
7. Animals should not be grazed on sludge applied land within a 30 -day period
following the sludge application.. Application sites that are to be used for grazing
shall have fencing that will be used to prevent access after each application.
8. Surface applied sludge will be plowed or disced within twenty-four (24) hours
after application on lands with no cover crop established.
9. For areas that are prone to flooding or within the 100 -year flood elevation, sludge
may be applied during periods of dry weather_ The sludge must be incorporated
into the soil within twenty-four (24) hours of application.
10. Appropriate measures must be taken to control public access to the land application
sites during active site use and for the 12 -month period following sludge application.
Such controls shall include the posting of signs indicating the activities being
conducted at each site.
11. Adequate provisions shall be taken to prevent wind erosion and surface runoff
from conveying pollutants from the sludge application area onto the adjacent
property or into the surface waters.
0

12. Sludge shall not be applied in inclement weather or until 24 hours following a
rainfall event of 1/2 -inch or greater in 24 hours. Any emergency sludge disposal
measures must first be approved by the Division of Environmental Management.
13. The site shall be adequately limed to a soil pH of at least 6.5 prior to sludge
application. Sludge may be applied to sites with a pH of less than 6.5 provided a
sufficient amount of lime is also applied to achieve a final pH of the lime, sludge and
soil mixture of at least 6.5.
III. MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
Any monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, sludge, soil, or plant
tissue analyses) deemed necessary by the Division of Environmental Management
to insure protection of the environment will be established and an acceptable
sampling and reporting schedule shall be followed.
2. Proper records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking all disposal activities.
These records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to the following
information:
a) source of sludge
b) date of sludge application
C) location of sludge application (site, field, or zone #)
d) method of application
e) weather conditions
f) soil conditions
g) type of crop growing on field
h) volume of sludge applied in gallons/ acre and dry tons/ acre
i) annual and cumulative totals of dry tons/ acre of sludge, pounds/
acre of lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and zinc, annual totals of pounds/
acre of plant available nitrogen (PAN), and pounds/ acre of phosphorus
applied to each field.
3. A representative annual soils analysis shall be conducted of each site and the results
maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of five years. The soils analysis
shall include but is not necessarily limited to the following parameters:
Standard Soil Fertility Test
Manganese
% Base Saturation
Cation Exchange Capacity
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium
Nickel
Lead
Cadmium
Zinc
Copper
Magnesium
Calcium
pH
4. A sludge analysis shall be conducted by the Permittee annually of each sludgre listed
in condition No. Il 4 and the results maintained on file by the Permittee for a
minimum of five years. The sludge analysis shall include but is not necessarily
limited to the following parameters:
% total solids
Magnesium
Total Nitrogen
Sulfate
Phosphorus
Potassium
Lead
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
5

Cadmium Chromium
Sodium Calcium
Chlorides pH
Plant Available Nitrogen (by calculation)
5. Three copies of all monitoring and reporting requirements as specified in conditions
111 1, 1112, III 3 and III 4 shall be submitted annually on or before January 31 of
the -following year to the following address:
NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
6. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Raleigh Regional Office, telephone no.
919/733-2314, as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of
the following:
a. Any occurrence with the land application program which results in the
land application of significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in
quantity or characteristic.
b. Any failure of the land application program resulting in a discharge of
wastes to receiving waters.
C. Any time that self-monitoring information indicates that the facility has
gone out of compliance with the conditions and limitations of this permit
or the parameters on which the system was designed.
d. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render
the facility incapable of adequate sludge treatment.
e. Any spillage or discharge from a vehicle or piping system transporting
sludge to the application site.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in
letter form within 15 days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report
must outline the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem
does not recur.
IV. GROUNDWATER REQUIREMENTS
1. The five (5) existing monitoring wells shall be sampled initially after construction for
those parameters outlined below. The monitoring wells shall be sampled every
March, July and November for the following parameters:
NO3 (10.0) Ammonia Nitrogen
'IDS (500.0) TOC
Water Level Lead (0.05)
Chloride (250.0) Fecal Coliforms
SO4(250.0) Cadmium (0.005)
pH (6.5-8.5 standard units) Total Suspended Solids
L

Volatile Organic Compounds - In November only ( by Method 1 or Method 2
below)
Method 1: Method 6230D ( Capillary - Column), "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater", 17th edition, 1989
Method 2: Method 502.2 " Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water", United States Environmental
Protection Agency - 600/4.88/039
The measurement of water level must be made prior to sampling for the remaining
parameters.
The measuring points (top of well casing) of all monitoring wells shall be
surveyed relative to mean sea level (M.S.L.). The depth of the water in each well
shall be measured from the surveyed point on the top of the casing. The water level
elevations shall then be determined relative to (M.S.L.).
The numbers in parentheses represent the maximum allowable concentrations in
groundwater for the various analytical parameters, as specified in 15 NCAC 2L
[Groundwater Classifications and Standards]. Unless otherwise noted, the
concentrations are given in parts per million.
If TOC concentrations greater than 10 mg/1 are detected in any downgradient
monitoring well, additional sampling and analysis must be conducted to identify the
individual constituents comprising this TQC concentration. If the TOC concentration
as pleasured in the back ound monitor well exceeds 10 mg/l, this concentration will
be taken to represent the naturally occurring TOC concentration. Any exceedances
of this naturally occurring TOC concentration in the downgradient wells shall be
subject to the additional sampling and analysis as described above.
If any volatile organic compounds are detected by method 6230D, or the equivalent
method 502.2, then EPA methods 604 and 611 must also be run to detect other
organic compounds which may be present. The results of all analysis specified in
the monitoring requirements, including 604 and 611 if required, must be submitted
simultaneously.
The results of the sampling and analysis shall be sent to the N.C. Division of
Environmental Management on Form GW -59 (Compliance Monitoring Report
Form) every April, August, and December.
2. The Compliance Boundary, delineated on the attached site map, for the land
application sites is specified by regulations in 15 NCAC 2L, Classifications and
Water Quality Standards applicable to the groundwater of North Carolina. An
exceedance of Groundwater Quality Standards beyond the Compliance Boundary is
subject to penalty provisions applicable under General Statute 143-215.6(1)a. The
sale of property, by the Permittee, which is within or contiguous to the disposal
system site may alter location of the Compliance Boundary_
For application sites permitted on or after December 30, 1983, the Compliance
Boundary is established at the lesser of 250 feet from the land application areas, or
50 feet within the property boundary.
If the title to any property which may affect the location of the Compliance Boundary
is changed, the permittee shall notify the Division Director within 14 days. The
Director shall then establish a modified Compliance Boundary which will be done as
a modification to the Permit.
7

The REVIEW BOUNDARY, delineated on the attached site map, for the land
application sites is specified by regulations in 15 NCAC 2L, Groundwater
Classifications and Standards. A REVIEW BOUNDARY is established around
disposal systems midway between the Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of
the waste disposal area. When the concentration of any substance equals or exceeds
the maximum allowable concentration of that substance at the REVIEW
BOUNDARY, as determined by monitoring, the permittee shall either (i)
demonstrate, through predictive calculations or modeling, that natural site
conditions, facility design and operational controls will prevent a violation of
standards at the Compliance Boundary; or, (ii) submit a plan for the alteration of
existing site conditions, facility design or operational controls that will prevent a
violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary, and implement that plan upon its
approval by the Director.
3. No land application of waste activities shall be undertaken when the seasonal high
water table is less than three feet below land surface.
4. Any additional groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed necessary by the
Division of Environmental Management, shall be provided.
V. INSPECTIONS
1. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the sludge storage, transport, and
disposal facilities to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and
discharges which may cause or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a
threat to human health, or a nuisance. The Permittee shall keep an inspection log
or summary including at least the date and time of inspection, observations made,
and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective actions taken by the Permittee. This
log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a period of three years
from the date of the inspection and shall be made available upon request by the
Division of Environmental Management or other permitting authority.
2. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of
Environmental Management may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and
inspect any property, premises or place on or related to the disposal site and
facility at any reasonable time for the purpose of determining compliance with this
permit; may inspect or copy any records that must be kept under the terms and
conditions of this permit; or may obtain samples of groundwater, surface water,
or leachate.
VI. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the land application activities are carried
out in accordance with the conditions of this permit and in the manner approved
by this Division.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes
described in the application and other supporting data.
3. Prior to any transfer of this land, a notice shall be given to the new owner that
gives full details of the materials applied or incorporated at this site.
4. This permit shall become voidable unless the agreements between the Permittee
and the landowners/lessees are in full force and effect.

5. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to
change ownership or a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must
be submitted to the Division of Environmental Management accompanied by an
application fee, documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting
materials as may be appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered
on its merits and may or may not be approved.
6. The following are approved sites for sludge application (see attached maps):
Owner/L.essee Site No. County Application Area
excluding buffers f acresl
Charles Bouldin
1 *
Chatham
5.5
2 *
Chatham
18.9
3 *
Chatham
5.9
6
Chatham
3.7
7
Chatham
2.9
8
Chatham
3.0
9
Chatham
10.0
10
Chatham
5.9
11
Chatham
9.7
12
Chatham
1.9
13
Chatham
4.2
14
Chatham
5.2
15
Chatham
22.3
16 *
Chatham
7.3
17 *
Chatham
17.6
18
Chatham
1.2
19
Chatham
3.8
21
Chatham
4.9
22
Chatham
2.6
23
Chatham
7.4
24
Chatham
2.2
25
Chatham
6.8
J.C. Bray
100
Chatham
0.7
101
Chatham
16.0
Berney Griffies
200
Chatham
5.3
201
Chatham
3.8
202
Chatham
13.7
203
Chatham
8.7
Steve Cockman
300
Chatham
4.1
301
Chatham
6.6
Joseph Franks
400
Wake
25.0
401
Wake
74.0
402
Wake
45.0
J.C. Harward
502
Wake
17.1
503 *
Wake
28.1
Total
Acreage
401.00
* Denotes sites designated to received
ONLY sludge from the Town of Cary.
N,

7. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may
subject the Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental
Management in accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6.
8. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within
thirty (30) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee
accordingly may cause the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as
specified by 15 NCAC 211.0205 (c)(4).
9. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with
any and all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by
other government agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
10. A set of approved documents for the subject project must be retained by the applicant
for the life of the project.
11. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall
request its extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review
the adequacy of the facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the
pemait for such period of time and under such conditions and limitations as it may
deem appropriate.
12. This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to incorporate any conditions,
limitations and monitoring requirements the Division of Environmental Management
deems necessary in order to adequately protect the environment and public health.
13. Once the total land requirements to assimilate the sludge sources listed in condition
Il. 4 reaches 75 % of the total available acreage, the Permittee shall apply for and
receive a permit to increase the land capacity of this permit. This shall be
accomplished prior to receiving approval for additional sludges.
Permit issued this the 22nd day of March, 1991
'H CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
cws A
George T. Ever t, Direc c
Division of Envi en agement
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit No. WQ0000506
10