WQ0000185_Final Permit_19930917

State of North Carolina
DeVartm3nt of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
i Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
September 17, 1993
Mr. William S. Richardson, County Manager
County of Currituck
Post Office Box 39
Currituck, North Carolina 27929
Dear Mr. Richardson:
Subject: Permit No. WQ0000185
County of Currituck
Ocean Sands
Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal Facility
Currituck County
In accordance with your application received May 17, 1993, we are forwarding herewith Permit
No. WQ0000185, dated September 17, 1993 to County of Currituck for the subject Wastewater Treatment
and Disposal Facility.
This permit shall void Permit No. WQ0000185 issued May 7, 1993 and shall be effective from the
date of issuance until August 31, 1998, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified
therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements in this permit. Failure to establish an
adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational information will result in future
compliance problems.
If any pans, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the
right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within 30 days following receipt of this
permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
If you need additional information concerning this matter, please contact Nis. Angela Y. Griffin at
919/ 733-5083.
Sincerely, r
A. Pres Howard, Jr.
cc: Currituck County Health Department
Washington Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Washington Regional Office, Groundwater Section
Brian Wagner, Groundwater Section, Central Office
Training and Certification Unit
Facilities Assessment Unit
William P. McDowell, P.E.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRON>\1ENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
HIGH RATE INFILTRATION SYSTEM PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina
as amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION 1S HEREBY GRANTED TO
County of Currituck
Currituck County
FOR THE
continued operation of a 300,000 GPD tertiary wastewater treatment plant consisting of one (1) 25,000
GPD aerated influent surge tank, one (1) 35,000 GPD aerated influent surge tank, a flow splitter box, six
(6) 50,000 gallon aeration tanks, six (6) 8,335 gallon clarifiers, six (6) 5,000 gallon sludge holding tanks,
six (6) 165 CFM blowers, four (4) tertiary filters two (2) with 35 ft2 cells and two (2) with 42 ft2 cells,
chlorination facilities, three (3) chlorine contact tanks with a total volume of 7,289 gallons, and standby
power. Continued operation is also granted for a fume scrubber system capable of removing 99.8% of
H2S from the air stream. This system which is designed to help eliminate odor problems consists of
chemical feed equipment, a spray pump, make up water flow metering, and all associated controls and
apparatuses. Continued operation is also granted for the existing disposal facilities which consist of five
(5) 60,000 GPD, 100 -foot diameter rotary distributors ( No. 13 to be abandoned with this amendment),
with the ultimate disposal of up to 600,000 GPD of treated effluent using a total of ten (10) rotary
distributors of 60,000 GPD capacity each conditionally granted subject to the approval and installation of
additional wastewater treatment capacity. Continued operation is granted for a 200,000 GPD treatment
facility consisting of surge tanks, four (4) 50,000 gallon aeration tanks, four (4) clarifiers, six (6) sludge
holding tanks, tertiary filters and an additional 240,000 GPD disposal system consisting of four (4)
60,000 GPD, 100 -foot diameter rotary distributors, the continuation of the line sink around the disposal
area, and the abandonment of the subsurface drainfield and rotary distributor No. 13 (which is closest to
Ocean Trail Road). This will result in a combined capacity of a 500,000 GPD wastewater treatment
facility and a 480,000 GPD rotary disposal system. No construction of the additional two (2) rotary
distributors shall commence until plans and specifications for the necessary treatment facilities have been
submitted and approved by the Division to serve the Ocean Sands Development. The County of Currituck
is hereby granted to construct and operate this treatment and disposal system with no discharge of wastes
to the surface waters, pursuant to the application received May 17, 1993 and in conformity with the project
plan, specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources and considered a pan of this permit.
This permit shall void Permit No. WQ0000185 issued May 7, 1993 and shall be effective from the
date of issuance until August 31, 1998, and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations:

I. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
1. Upon completion of each phased construction and prior to operation of this expanded
facility, a certification must be received from a professional engineer certifying that the
permitted facility has been installed in accordance with this permit, the approved plans and
specifications. Mail the Certification to the Permits and Engineering Unit, P.O. Box
29535, Raleigh, NC 27626-0535.
2. The Washington Regional Office, phone no. [phone] shall be notified at least forty-
eight (48) hours in advance of operation of the installed facilities so that an in-place
inspection can be made. Such notification to the regional supervisor shall be made during
the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. on Monday through Friday,
excluding State Holidays.
3. In the event that the facilities fail to perform satisfactorily, including the creation of
nuisance conditions, the Permittee shall take immediate corrective action to correct the
problem, including actions as may be required by this Division, such as the construction of
additional or replacement wastewater treatment or disposal facilities.
4. This permit shall become voidable if the soils fail to adequately absorb the wastes and may
be rescinded unless the facilities are installed, maintained, and operated in a manner which
will protect the assigned water quality standards of the surface waters and ground waters.
Ponding of wastewater on the surface of the distribution field when the dosing cycle
commences shall be considered evidence of failure of the soils to adequately absorb the
wastewater. Additionally, such failure shall be interpreted as a violation of this permit
condition.
The sludge generated from these treatment facilities must be disposed of in accordance with
General Statute 143-215.1 and in a manner approved by the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management.
6. Adequate measures shall be taken to divert stormwater from the high rate infiltration area
and to prevent any wastewater runoff.
7. Diversion or bypassing of the untreated wastewater from the treatment facilities is
prohibited.
8. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.
9. The following buffers shall be maintained:
a) 500 feet between high rate infiltration unit and any public works surface supply or
public shallow potable water well.
b) 100 feet between high rate infiltration unit and any "SA" classified surface waters.
C) 50 feet between high rate infiltration unit and any other surface waters.
d) 100 feet between high rate infiltration unit and property lines.
e) 50 feet between treatment units and property lines.
f) 50 feet between high rate infiltration unit and other treatment units and public right
of ways.
g) 200 feet between high rate infiltration unit and surface or groundwater drainage
systems.

10. A usable green area shall be maintained for wastewater disposal. The green area shall have
the capability of accommodating the average daily flow of the facility being served without
exceeding the loading rates of the green area. A "green area" as defined in 15 NCAC 2H
.0404 (g)(7) is an area suitable for waste disposal, either in its natural state or which has
been modified by planting a vegetative cover of grasses or low growing shrubbery.
11. A minimum of 34.4 acres of green area suitable for use for wastewater treatment and
disposal shall be maintained at all times.
II. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
The facilities shall be properly maintained and operated at all times.
2. Upon classification of the facility by the Certification Commission, the Permittee shall
employ a certified wastewater treatment plant operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of
the wastewater treatment facilities. The operator must hold a certificate of the type and
grade at least equivalent to or greater than the classification assigned to the wastewater
treatment facilities by the Certification Commission. The Permittee must also employ a
certified back-up operator of the appropriate type and grade to comply with the conditions
of Title 15A, Chapter 8A, .0202. The ORC of the facility must visit each Class I facility at
least weekly and each Class II, III, and IV facility at least daily, excluding weekends and
holidays, and must properly manage and document daily operation and maintenance of the
facility and must comply with all other conditions of Title 15A, Chapter 8A, .0202. Once
the facility is classified, the Permittee must submit a letter to the Certification Commission
which designates the operator in responsible charge.
3. The application rates for the high rate infiltration system shall not exceed:
a) 7.65 gallons per square foot for the rotary distributors.
4. The facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated as a non -discharge system to
prevent the discharge of any wastewater outside the high rate infiltration disposal area
resulting from the operation of this facility.
5. No traffic or equipment shall be allowed on the disposal area except while installation
occurs or while normal maintenance is being performed.
6. The rotary distribution fields shall be raked twice weekly during the months April to
October, and once a week during the months of November to March.
7. The screenings removed from the wastewater treatment plant shall be properly disposed of
in a sanitary landfill.
8. The distribution field(s) shall be kept free of vegetation at all times. There shall be no rotor
tillers used on the rotary distribution field(s). Vegetation must be removed from the field(s)
manually.
9. The application of chemicals to the distribution field(s) is expressly prohibited.

10. An automatically activated standby power source shall be on site and operational at all
times. If a generator is employed as an alternate power supply, it shall be tested weekly by
interrupting the primary power source. The length of time that the standby power unit is
operated shall be monitored and reported in the monthly reports described in section III, 3.
The length of time that the standby power is operated due to power outage shall be reported
separately from the time that the standby power is operated for the purpose of routine
exercising.
11. The flow measurement device shall be calibrated annually by a representative of a firm
which is routinely engaged in the calibration of flow measurement devices. Records of this
calibration, including all information pertinent to the calibration, shall be available during
any inspection by Division staff.
12. Diffusers shall be cleaned as needed to assure adequate aeration. Records of maintenance
shall be maintained by the permittee.
13. The chlorine tablets used in the disinfection facility shall be of the kind and type specified
in the plans and specifications approved by the Division.
14. The elevation of the base of each rotary distributor shall be at least 13 feet above mean sea
level (A.M.S.L.).
15. Should the application of treated wastewater to either disposal system result in breakout of
wastewater at any point less than 200 feet from the outer edges of the disposal system, the
County of Currituck must restructure the site or modify the system's operation to.eliminate
the discharge.
MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Any monitoring deemed necessary by the Division of EnN ironmental Management to insure
surface and ground water protection will be established and an acceptable sampling
reporting schedule shall be followed.
2. As an indicator of proper operation and maintenance, the facility shall produce an effluent
in compliance with the following limitations:
Parameter Monthly Averagea Daily Maximumb
Flow 0.50 MGD
BODS 10 mg/l 15 mg/1
NH3 as N 4 mg/1 6 mg/1
TSS 20 mg/l 30 mg/1
a. Monthly average shall be the arithmetic mean of all samples collected during the
reporting period.
b.Daily maximum shall be the maximum value of all samples collected during the
reporting period.
The effluent from the subject facilities shall be monitored by the Permittee at the point prior
to discharge to the rotary distributor for the following parameters:
4

The effluent pH shall not be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard
units.
*2/Month sampling frequency only during the months of April through October. During
the remainder of the year, these parameters shall be monitored monthly.
"Quarterly sampling frequency shall correspond with quarterly monitoring of wells
required by Groundwater monitoring conditions.
If Groundwater sampling indicates or predicts problems with the compliance with
Groundwater Standards, this permit will be modified to include additional and/or more
restrictive limitations.
Three copies of all monitoring data (as specified in condition III.2) shall be submitted on
or before of the last day of the following month to the following address:
NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
4. A record shall be maintained of all residuals removed from this facility. The record shall
include the name of the hauler, permit authorizing the disposal or a letter from a
municipality agreeing to accept the residuals, date the residuals were hauled, and a volume
of residuals removed.
5. A maintenance log shall be maintained at this facility including but not limited to the
following items:
a. Daily sampling results including residual chlorine, settleable matter, and dissolved
oxygen in the aeration basin and at the clarifier weir.
b. Visual observations of the plant and plant site.
C. Record of preventative maintenance (changing of filters, adjusting belt tensions,
alarm testing, diffuser inspections and cleanings, etc.).
d. Date of calibration of flow measurement device.
e. Date and results of power interruption testing on alternate power supply.
f. Dates fields were raked and arms inspected.
Location of
Measurement
Sample
Parameter
Sampling Points
Frequency
T�
BODS, 5-day, 20C
Effluent
*2/Month
Composite
NTH3 as N
Effluent
*2/Month
Composite
TSS
Effluent
*2/ Aonth
Composite
Fecal Coliform
Effluent
*2/Month
Grab
Flow
Influent or Effluent
Continuous
Recording
Residual Chlorine
Effluent
Daily
Grab
NO3
Effluent
**Quarterly
Grab
TDS
Effluent
**Quarterly
Grab
TOC
Effluent
**Quarterly
Grab
Chloride
Effluent
**Quarterly
Grab
The effluent pH shall not be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard
units.
*2/Month sampling frequency only during the months of April through October. During
the remainder of the year, these parameters shall be monitored monthly.
"Quarterly sampling frequency shall correspond with quarterly monitoring of wells
required by Groundwater monitoring conditions.
If Groundwater sampling indicates or predicts problems with the compliance with
Groundwater Standards, this permit will be modified to include additional and/or more
restrictive limitations.
Three copies of all monitoring data (as specified in condition III.2) shall be submitted on
or before of the last day of the following month to the following address:
NC Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
Facility Assessment Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
4. A record shall be maintained of all residuals removed from this facility. The record shall
include the name of the hauler, permit authorizing the disposal or a letter from a
municipality agreeing to accept the residuals, date the residuals were hauled, and a volume
of residuals removed.
5. A maintenance log shall be maintained at this facility including but not limited to the
following items:
a. Daily sampling results including residual chlorine, settleable matter, and dissolved
oxygen in the aeration basin and at the clarifier weir.
b. Visual observations of the plant and plant site.
C. Record of preventative maintenance (changing of filters, adjusting belt tensions,
alarm testing, diffuser inspections and cleanings, etc.).
d. Date of calibration of flow measurement device.
e. Date and results of power interruption testing on alternate power supply.
f. Dates fields were raked and arms inspected.

6. The terms of this permit will be considered to be violated any time the monthly average
flow for any one month exceeds the design capacity of the constructed treatment and
disposal system. Once this exceedance occurs, no additional wastewater shall be added to
the system until the facility is expanded.
7. Within 60 days following any single month in which the monthly average flow equals or
exceeds 80% of the design capacity of the constructed treatment/disposal system, a permit
amendment must be requested and received by the Division prior to the disposal of any
additional wastewater.
Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Washington Regional Office, telephone no.
[phone], as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of the
following:
a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which results in the treatment of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such
as the dumping of the contents of a basin or tank; the known passage of a slug of
hazardous substance through the facility; or any other unusual circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the facility
incapable of adequate wastewater treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures
of pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.
C. Any failure of a pumping station, sewer line, or treatment facility resulting in a by-
pass of all or any portion of the influent to such station or facility.
d. Any time that self-monitoring information indicates that the facility is not in
compliance with its permit limitations.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter
form within 15 days following first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline
the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur.
IV. GROUNDWATER REQUIREMENTS
Three (3) monitoring wells (MW -1, MW -2, MW -3) are to be installed at the location
indicated on the attached site map (dated 12/92 and modified 3/2/93). Each well is to be
screened three to thirteen feet Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) and installed with
continuous water level recorder and an automatic shut-off switch (prior to waste disposal
operations of rotaries 5, 6, 7, and 8). In order to ensure compliance with 15A NCAC 2H
.0219 (e), should water level rise to within one (1) foot below land surface in any of these
wells, the automatic shut-off switch will stop waste disposal and no waste shall be applied
for at least 48 hours.
2. Five (5) monitor wells (MW -4 through MW -8) are to be installed (at the locations indicated
on the attached site map (dated 12/92 and modified 3/2/93). Each well will be screened as
follows:
MW -4 screened from 0 to 7
ft AMSL
MW -5 screened from 0 to 7
ft AMSL
MW -6 screened from 0 to 7
ft AMSL
MW -7 screened from 0 to 7
ft AMSL
MW -8 screened from -10 to -5
ft AMSL

3. These monitor wells shall be sampled initially after construction (and prior to waste
disposal operations of rotaries 5, 6, 7, and 8). From April through October water level
shall be measured weekly and the remaining parameters measured in July and September.
From November through March, water level shall be measured monthly and the water
quality parameters shall be measured in December and February. These wells will be
sampled for the following parameters:
NO3 (10.0) TDS (500.0)
TOC pH (6.5-8.5)
Ammonia Nitrogen Chloride (250.0)
Fecal Coliforms (1.0) Total Suspended Solids
Water Level
Volatile Organic Compounds - December and February only (by Method 1 or
Method 2 below)
Numbers in parentheses are maximum allowable concentrations in milligrams per liter at
compliance boundary.
Method 1: Method 6230D (Capillary - Column), "Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater", 17th edition, 1989.
Method 2: Method 502.2 " Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water", United States Environmental Protection Agency - 600/4-88/039-
4. The measurement of water level must be made prior to sampling for the remaining
parameters. The depth to water in each well shall be measured from the surveyed point on
the top of the casing.
5. If TOC concentrations greater than 10 mg/1 are detected in any monitor well, additional
sampling and analysis must be conducted to identify the individual constituents comprising
this TOC concentration.
6. If any volatile organic compounds are detected by method 6230D, or the equivalent method
502.2, then EPA methods 604 and 611 must also be run to detect other organic compounds
which may be present. The results of all analysis specified in the monitoring requirements,
including 604 and 611 if required, must be submitted simultaneously
7. Four (4) monitor wells (or piezometers) (P-1 through P-4) shall be installed prior to waste
disposal operations of rotaries 5, 6, 7, and 8 at location indicated on the attached site map
(dated 12/92 and modified 3/2/93). These monitor wells shall be measured for water level
only within 48 hours after construction (and prior to waste disposal operations of rotaries
5, 6, 7, and 8) and every Monday from April through October. From November through
March, water level shall be measured monthly.
8. The top well casing of all monitoring wells shall be surveyed to provide absolute elevations
(above mean sea level) of the measuring point for each monitoring well. All casing will
extend two (2.00) feet above land surface. Each monitor well will be equipped with an
identification tag specifying the monitor well number shown of the attached site map and
the absolute elevations of the top well casing. Each well will be equipped with a locking
cap.

9. The results of all sampling and analysis for the preceding month shall be received no later
than the last day of each month at the N.C. Division of Environmental Management P.O.
Box 29535 Raleigh, N.C. 27626-0535 on form GW -59 (Compliance Monitoring Report
Form).
10. By the last day of each month, May through November, the permittee will submit four (4)
scaled maps of the four (4) weekly water level elevation along with the Monitoring Report
Forms. All data will be included on the maps and the continuous tapes of water level
recorded from MW -1, MW -2, and MW -3 will be submitted at this time.
11. By December 31 of each year the permittee will submit and mainain on file, a report that
includes but not limited to the following:
a. water level data collected during the preceding year,
b. groundwater quality monitoring parameters, and
c. continuous water level logs.
An evaluation of the disposal facility will be included along with maps showing water level
contours, water quality isochrons, and cross sections relative to land surface. This report
will be sent to the Permitting and Compliance Unit, Groundwater Section, N. C. Division
of Environental Management, P. 0. Box 29535, Raleigh, N. C. 27626-0535 and will be
certified by a Professional Engineer of Geologist.
12. All wells that are constructed for purposes of groundwater monitoring shall be constructed
in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0108 (Standards of Construction for Wells Other Than
Water Supply) and any other state and local laws and regulations pertaining to well
construction.
13. The Washington Regional Office, telephone number [phone] shall be notified at
least two weeks prior to the construction of any monitoring well so that an inspection can
be made of the monitoring well location. Such notification to the regional groundwater
supervisor shall be made during the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. on
Monday through Friday, excluding state holidays.
14. Within thirty (30) days of completion of all monitoring wells, the permittee shall submit
two original copies of a scaled topographic map (scale no greater than 1:100) signed and
sealed by a professional engineer or a registered land surveyor that indicates all of the
following information:
a. the location and identity of each monitoring well,
b. the location of the waste disposal system,
C. the location of all property boundaries,
d. the laititude and longitude of each monitoring well,
e. the absolute elevation (AMSL) of the top of the well casing (which shall be
known as the "measuring point")
f. and the depth of water below the measuring point at the time the measuring
point is established.
All monitoring well locations and elevations shall be surveyed by a registered land
surveyor.
15. Upon completion of all well construction activities, a certification must be received from a
professional engineer certifying that the monitoring wells are located and constructed in
accordance with the Well Construction Standards (15A NCAC 2C) and this permit. This
certification should be submitted with copies of the Well Completion Form (GW -1) for
each well. Mail certification and the associated GW -1 forms to the Permits and Compliance
Unit, Groundwater SEction, P.O Box 29535, Raleigh, N.C., 27626-0535.

16. For the initial sampling of the well as specified elsewhere in the permit, the permittee shall
submit a copy of the GW -1 form with the Compliance Monitoring Form (GW -59) foi that
well. Compliance Monitoring Forms that do not include copies of the GW -1 form will be
returned to the initiation of enforcement activities pursuant to NC General Statutes 143-
215.6.
17. The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Washington Regional Office, telephone no.
[phone], as soon as possible, but in no case later than the next working day
following the occurrence, or first knowledge of the occurrence, of any of the following:
a) Any time the automatic shut-off system is activated.
b) Exceedance of groundwater quality standards in any of the monitor wells.
C) Any time that self-monitoring information indicates that the facility is not in
compliance with the conditions and limitations if this permit or the
parameters on which the system was designed.
d) Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons, that render the
facility incapable of adequate treatment.
e) Any occurence of surface ponding or runoff within 200 feet of the rotary
distributors.
18. The Compliance Boundary delineated on the attached site map (dated 12/92 and modified
3/2/93) for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15A NCAC 2L, Groundwater
Classifications and Standards. An exceedance of Groundwater Quality Standards beyond
the Compliance Boundary is subject to the penalty provisions applicable under General
Statute 143-215.6(1)a.
Any sale or transfer of property which affects the location of the compliance boundary shall
be reported immediately to the Director. The permittee shall not transfer land within an
established compliancce boundary unless the permittee has satisfied all the requirements of
15A NCAC 2L. 107 (e and f).
19. The REVIEW BOUNDARY delineated on the attached site map (dated 12/92 and modified
3/2/93) for the disposal system is specified by regulations in 15 NCAC 2L, Groundwater
Classifications and Standards. A REVIEW BOUNDARY is established around disposal
systems midway between the Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of the waste
disposal area. When the concentration of any substance equals or exceeds the maximum
allowable concentration of that substance at the REVIEW BOUNDARY, as determined by
monitoring, the permittee shall either (i) demonstrate, through predictive calculations or
modeling, that natural site conditions, facility design and operational controls will prevent a
violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary; or, (ii) submit a plan for the alteration
of existing site conditions, facility design or operational controls that will prevent a
violation of standards at the Compliance Boundary, and implement that plan upon its
approval by the Director.
20. Any groundwater quality monitoring as deemed necessary by the Division of
Environmental Management shall be provided.
V. INSPECTIONS
1. Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be provided by the Permittee to
insure proper operation of the subject facilities.

2. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater treatment and disposal facilities
to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause
or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance.
The Permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time
of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective actions
taken by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a
period of three years from the date of the inspection and shall be made available upon
request to the Division of Environmental Management or other permitting authority.
3. Any duly authorized officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Environmental
Management may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property,
premises or place on or related to the disposal site and facility at any reasonable time for the
purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect or copy any records that
must be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; or may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
VI. GENERAL CONDITIONS
This permit shall become voidable unless the facilities are constructed in accordance with
the conditions of this permit, the approved plans, specifications and other supporting data.
2. This permit is effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in
the application and other supporting data.
3. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to change
ownership, or there is a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be
submitted to the Division of Environmental Management accompanied by an application
fee, documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as may be
appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may or may
not be approved.
5. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
(30) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause
the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15 NCAC 2H .0205
(c)(4)•
6. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in
accordance with North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A to 143-215.6C.
7. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
8. A set of approved plans and specifications for the subject project must be retained by the
Permittee for the life of this project.
10

9. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its
extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate.
Permit issued this the 17th day of September, 1993
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
A. Preston ward, Jr., Di ctor
Division of Vnvironmental Management
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit No. WQ0000185
It

Permit No. WQ0000185
September 17, 1993
Engineer's Certification
I, "as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of North
Carolina, having been authorized to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the
project,
Project Name
Location
for the
Permittee hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation
of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built v,Ithin substantial compliance and
intent of the approved plans and specifications.
Signature
Date
12
Registration No

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Permit No. W00000185
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Ocean Sands WWTP USGS Quad Name: Mossev Island _ __-
6. e Latitude:36' 19' 45' N Longitude:75' 49' 10' W
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RATING SCALE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF FACILITIES
Name of Plant: CQ -,R d s �,J / l'
Owner or Contact Person: Cc2Sc-, _
Mailing Address: ey,
1,e—,4L �Lf� -- 2 ?� z -----------
County: Cyt^r r �yck, Telephone: 2-3-2--2c)75-
NPDES Permit No. N000 Nondisc. Per. No.IJQ 0000/'!
IssueDate: Expiration Date: 1 % 3
Existing Facility ✓c-xp&j1_)1r& New Facility
Rated Ey: M,,- r ;erre L Me<<r,--.Date-
Reviewed (Train. & Cert.) Reg. Office
Reviewed (Train. & Cert.) Central Office
ORC /3, !IK 14. do Grade
Plant Class: (circle one) 1 II III IV Total Points 5`/
ITEM POINTS
(5) SECONDARY TREATMENT UNITS
(a) Carbonaceous Stage
1 Industrial Pretreatment Units and/or
( )
(i)Aeration - High Purity Oxygen System .....
Industrial Pretreatment Program
Diffused Air System ...........
(3j_0
(see definition No. 33)
4
Mechanical Air System (fixed,
a (2) DFIQN FLOW OF PLANT IN GPD
floating or rotor
(not applicable to non -contaminated cooling waters, sludge
Separate Sludge Reaeration
3
handling facilities for water purification plants, totally
(ii) Trickling Filter
closed cycle systems (def. No. 11), and facilities
High Rale
-r
consisting only of Item (4) (d) or Items (4) (d) and (11)
(d))
...................
Standard Rale
5
0 20,000 ..........................
1
...............
Packed Tower...............
5
20,001 -- 50,000 ..........................
2
(iii) Biological Aerated Filler or Aerated
50,001 100,000 ..........................
3
eiolooical Filter ......................
1 0
100,001 •- 250,000 ..........................
250,001 -- 500,000 ..........................
4
5
(iv) Aerated Lagoons .....................
10
500,001 •-1,000,000 ...........................
8
(v) Rotating Biological Conlactors ..........
10
1,000,001 -- 2,000,000 ........................
10
2,000,001 (and up) - rale 1 point additional for each
(vi) Sand Fillers -
200,000 gpd capacity up to a
intermittent biological .... .
2
maximum of 30
recirculating biological .....
3
Design Flow (gpd) SLAG, M0
(3) PRELIMINARY UNITS (see definition no. 32)(viii)C!arifier
(vii) Stabilization Lagoons ...................
,
(a) Bar Screens ................................
..............................
(ix) Single stage system for combined
O
gr
carbonaceous removal of BOD and
(b) Mechanical Screens, Static Screens or
Comminuting Devices ........... .............
nitrogenous removal by nitrification
(see def. No. 12) for this item
(c) Grit Removal ...............................
—
(Points
have to be in addition to items (5) (a)
or
(i) through (5) (a) (viii) ...........
(d) Mechanical or Aerated Grit Removal ...........
2
(x.) Nutrient additions to enhance BOD
(e) Flow Measuring Device .......................
1
removal ...............................
5
or
(f) Instrumented Flow Measurement ..............
Q
(xi) Biological Culture ('Super Bugs-) addition
to enhance organic compound removal .....
5
(g) Preaeration................................
2
(b) Nitrogenous Stage
(h) Influent Flow -Equalization
(i) Aeration - High Purity Oxygen System .....
20
...................
(D
Diffused Air System ...........
1 0
(i) Grease or Oil Separators - Gravity ..........
2
Mechanical Air System (fixed,
Mechanical ..........
3
floating, or rotor) ......
8
Dissolved Air Flotation.
8
Separate Sludge Reaeration .....
3
Q) Prechlorination ...............................
5
(ii) Trickling Filler -
High Rale ..............
7
(4) PRIMARY TREATMENT UNITS
Standard Rale
5
a Septic Tank (see definition no. 43) ..............
2
Packed Tower............
5
(b) Imhoff Tank ...................................
5
(iii- Biological Aerated Filter or Aerated
(c) Primary Clarifiers ............................
5
Biological Filter ....................
1 0
(d) Settling Ponds or Settling Tanks for Inorganic
(iv) Rotating Biological Con lactors ............
10
Non-toxic Materials jsludge handling facilities
(v) Sand Filter -
for water purification plants, sand, gravel,
biological ... .. - .
2
stone, and other mining operations except
recirculating biological - . .. _
recircul tin
3
recreational activities such as gem or gold
(vi) Clarilier .
5
mining) ......................................
2
...............................

,g) rERTIAPY OR ADVANCED TREATMENT UNIT
(10) ;CHEMICAL ADDITION SYSTEM (S) (See definition No. 9)
(a) Activated ,_arbons Beds -
(not applicable to chemical additions rated as item
without carbon regeneration .................. 5
3 xi 6 a 6 b 7 b 7 e
( ) (1). (5) (a) ( )' () ( ()' (t ().
vriih carbon regeneration .................... is
:
5 points each:
(g) (a),^(9) (b)/, or (9) (c) 5 points e/ach: List:
(b) powdered or Granular Activated Carbon Feed -
I 1 c.Z 7 �c-{r /�4 � � `V- r `�G U ht .
wilhoul carbon regeneration ................. 5
with carbon regeneration .................... 1 5
(c) Air Stripping .............................. 5
(d) Denitrification Process (separate process) . .. . . 10
(e) Electrodialysis .............................. 5
(11) MISCELLANEOUS UNITS
(f) Foam Separation ............................. 5
(a) Holding Ponds, Holding Tanks or Settling Ponds
(g) Ion Exchange ................................ 5
for Organic or Toxic Materials including wastes
(h) Land Application of Treated Effluent
from mining operations containing nitrogen and/or
(see definilion no. 22b) (not applicable for
phosphorous compounds in amounts significantly
sand, gravel, stone and other similar mining
greater than is common for domestic wastewater ......
operations)
(b) Effluent Flow Equalization (no[ applicable to storage
(i) on agriculturally managed sites (See def.
basins which are inherent in land application system
No. 4) ................................... 1 0
(c) Stage Discharge (not applicable to storage basins
(ii) by high rale infiltration on non -agriculturally
inherent in land application systems ..................................
managed siles (includes rotary distributors
and similar fixed nozzle systems)
0
(d) Pumps ........ .:................................................................................... —
Supply
...........
(e) Stand -By Power ..............................................................
(iii) by subsurface disposal (includes low pressure
(f) Thermal Pollution Conlrol Device' .........................................
pipe systems and gravity systems except at
plants consisting of septic lank and nitrifica-
tion lines only) - • • • • • ................ . • • • .. 4
TOTAL POINTS _{
(i) Microscreens.................................. 5
(j) Phosphorus Removal by Biological Processes
CLASSIFICATION
(See def. No. 26) ...........20
(k) Polishing Ponds - without aeration ....... 2
Class I ........................................................... 5 - 25 Points
with aeration .......... 5
Class 11 ........................................................ 26- 50 Points
(1) Post Aeration - cascade .............. 0
Class III....................................................... 51- 65 Points
diffused or mechanical ... 5
Class IV ........................................................ 66- Up Points
(m) Reverse Osmosis ............................... 5
(n) Sand or Mixed -Media Fillers - low rale ........... (2)
Facilities having a rating of one through four points, inclusive,
high rale .......... 5
do not require a certified operator. Classification of all other
(o) Treatment processes for removal of metal or
facilities requires a comparable grade operator it responsible
cyanide .................................... 1 5
charge.
-
(p) Treatment processes for removal of toxic
materials other than metal or cyanide ......... 1 5
Facilities having an activated sludge process will be assigned
a minimum classification of Class 11.
SLUDGE TREATMENT
Facilities having treatment processes for the removal of metal
(a) Sludge Digestion Tank - Heated ...............}�
Aerobic ............... 6
or cyanide will be assigned a minimum classification of Class 11
Unhealed ...... ....... 3
Facilities having treatment processes for the biological remova
(b) Sludge Stabilization (chemical or thermal) .... ... 5
of phosphorus will be assigned a minimum classification of Cla:
(c) Sludge Drying Beds - Gravity ................. 2
Ill.
Vacuum Assisted ....... 5
(d) Sludge Elutriation ............................. 5
In -plant processes and related control equipment which are an
(e) Sludge Conditioner (chemical or thermal) ........ 5
integral part of industrial production shall not be considered w
(f) Sludge Thickener (gravity) ...................... 5
treatment. Likewise, discharges of wastewater from residence!
(g) Dissolved Air Flotation Unit
having a design flow of 1,000 gpd or less, shall not be subject tc
(not applicable to a unit rates as (3) (i) ......... 4
rating.
(h) Sludge Gas Utilization (including gas storage) . . . .
(i) Sludge Holding Tank - Aerated ................
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS'
Non-aeraled ............ 2
(j) Sfudge Incinerator (not including activated
carbon regeneration) ..... 1 0
(k) Vacuum Filler, Centrifuge or Filter Press or other
similar dewatering devices .................... 10
(3) SLUDGE DISPOSAL (including incinerated ash)
(a) Lagoons ........................................ 2
(b) Land Application (surface and subsurface)
(see definition 22a)
-where the facility holds the land app. permit . . . 10
by contracting to a land application operator who
holds the land application permit ............... 0
-land application of sludge by a contractor who does
.,,.
not hold the permit for the wastewater treatment
facility where the sludge is generated ......... 10
(c) Landfilled (burial) ............................. 5
(9) DISINFECTION
(9
(a) Chlorination ........................ .....
(b) Dechlorinalion ........................ 5
(c) Ozone .............................. 5
(d) Radiation .......................... 5

OEFINITION�
'
(1)Aclivated Carbon Beds. A physical/chemical method for reducing soluble organic material from waslewaler
effluent; the column -type beds used in this method will have a flow rate varying from -Iwo to eiahl gallons per
minute per square fool and may be either upflow or, downflow carbon beds. Carbon may or may not be
^
5
regenerated on. the wastewater treatment plant site.
biological oxidation or
(2)Aeraled Lagoons. A basin in which all solids are maintained in- suspension and by which
5
organic maker is reduced through artificially accelerated transfer of oxygen on a flow -Through basis;
5
(3)Aeration. A process of bringing about intimate contact between air or high purity oxygen in a liquid by
5
spraying, agitalion diffusion;
(4)Agricullurally managed silo. Any site on which a crop is produced, managed, and harvested (Crop includes _
grasses, grains, frees, etc): -
(5)Air Stripping. A process by which the ammonium ion is first converted to dissolved ammonia (pH adjuslmenl)
with the ammonia [hen released to the atmosphere by physical means: or other similar processes which remove
petroleum products such as benzene, toluene, and xylene.
(6)Carbon Rogeneralion. The regeneration of exhausted carbon by the use of a furnace to provide extremely high
4
temperatures which volalilize and oxidize the absorbed impurities;
(7)Carbonaceous Stage. A stage of wastewater treatment designed to achieve 'secondary' effluent limits.
2
(8)Centrifuge. A mechanical device in which centrifugal force is used to separate solids from liquids and/or to
separate liquids of different densities;
5
(9)Chemical Addition Systems - The addition of chemical (s) to waslewaler at an application point for purposes of
improving solids removal, pH adjustment, alkalinity control, etc.; the capability to experiment with different
chemicals and different application points to achieve a specific result will be considered one system; the
3
capability to add chemical (s) to dual units will be rated as one system; capability to add a chemical at difference
application points for different purposes will result in the systems being rale as separate system.
(10)Chemical Sludge Conditioning. The addition of a chemical compound such as lime, ferric chloride, or a
Lpolymer
to wet sludge to coalesce the mass prior to its application to a dewatering device;
(I1)Closed Cycle Systems. Use of holding ponds or holding tanks for containment of wastewater containing
inorganic, non-loxic materials from sand, gravel, crushed stone or other similar operations, from which there is
no discharge to the surface walers; such systems shall carry a maximum of two points regardless of pumping
facilities or any other appurtenances;
(12)Combined Removal of Carbonaceous BOD and Nitrogenous Removal by Nitrification - A single stage system
-designed' to achieve 'advanced- pernil effluent limits on BOD and ammonia nitrogen within the same biological
reactor.
(13)De-chlorination. The parlial or con.plele reduction of residual chlorine in a liquid by any chemical or physical
process;
(14)Denitrification Process. The conversion of nitrate -nitrogen to nitrogen gas;
(I S)Eleclrodialysis. Process for removing ionized salts from water through the use of ion -selective ion -
exchange membranes;
(16)Filter Press. A process operated mechanically for partially dewatering sludge;
(17)Foam Separation. The planned frothing of wastewater or wastewater effluent as a means of removing
excessive amounts of delergent'naterials through the introduction of air in the form of fine bubbles; also called
foam fractionation;
(18)Grit Removal. The process of removing grit and other heavy mineral matter from wastewater:
(19)lmholf Tank. A deep two story wastewater lank consisting of an upper sedimentation chamber and a lower
sludge digestion chamber-,
(20)lnsirumented Flow Measurement. A device which indicates and/or records rale of flow;
(21)lon Exchange. A chemical process in which ions from two different molecules are exchanged;
(22)Land application: (a) Sludge Disposal. A final sludge disposal method by which sludge may be applied to land
either by spraying on the surface or by subsurface injection (i.e., chisel plow); (not
appltcaple for types of sludge described in (11) of.this Rule); (b)Trealed Effluent. The process of spraying
treated wastewater onto a land area or other methods of application of wastewater onto a land area as a means
of final disposal and/or treatment;
(23)Microscreen. A low speed, continuously back -washed, rotating drum filler operating under gravity
conditions as a polishing method removing suspended solids from effluent;
(24)Nilrificalion Process. The biochemical conversion of unoxidized nitrogen (ammonia and organic nitrogen) to '. .
oxidized nitrogen (usually nitrate);
(25)Nilrogenous Stage. A separate stage of wastewater treatment designed for the specific purpose of
converting ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen;
(26)Phosphate Removal Biological. The removal of phosphorus from wastewater by an oxic/anoxic process
designed to enhance luxury uptake of phosphorus by the microorganisms;
(27)Polishing Pond. A holding pond following secondary treatment with sufficient detention to allow for the
settling of finely suspended solids;
(28)Post Aeration. Aeration following conventional secondary treatment units to increase effluent D.O. or for
any other purpose;
(29)Post Aeration. (Cascade) A polishing method by which dissolved oxygen is added to the effluent by a
nonmechanical, gravity means of flowing down a series of steps or weirs; The flow occurring across the slept or
weirs moves in a fairly thin layer and the operation of the cascade requires no operator adjustment; thus, zero
points are assigned even though this is an essential slop to meeting the limits of the discharge permit;
j30)Powdered or Granular Activated Carbon Feed: A biophysical carbon process that utilizes biological activity
and organic absorplioryby using powdered or granular activated carbon; Virgin and/or regenerated carbon is feed
controlled into the system;
(31)Pre aeration. A tank constructed to provide ae*ralion prior to primary treatment;
(32)Preliminary Units. Unit operations in the treatment process, such as screening and comminution, that
prepare the liquor for subsequent major operations;
(33)lndustrial Pretreatment: (a)Pre-Irealment Unit, Industrial. The conditioning of a waste at its source before
discharge, to remove or to neutralize substances injurious to sewers and treatment processes or to effect a
partial reduction in load on a treatment process -which is operated by the same governing body as the wastewater
treatment plant being rated; (b)Pre-treatment Program, Industrial - must be a Stale or EPA required program to

0
+34)Primary Clarifiers. The first settling Tanks through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works for
the purpose of removing settleable and suspended solids and BOD which is associated with the solids:.
(35)Pumps. All influent, effluent, and in -plant pumps:
(36)Radialion. Disinfection and/or sterilization process ulilizir:g devices emitting ultraviolet or gamma rays-,
(37)Reverse Osmosis. A treatment process in which a heavy contaminated liquid is pressurized through a
membrane forming nearly pure liquid free from suspended solids;
(38)Rotating Biological Conlaclors. A fixed biological growth process in which wastewater flows through tanks
in which a series of partially submerged circular surfaces are rotated;
(39)Sand Fillers:(a)Inlermitlenl Biological. Filtration of effluent following septic tanks, lagoons, or some other
treatment process in which further biodecomposilion is expected to produce desired effluents; Hydraulic loading
rates on these fillers are computed in gpd/ac and have a resulting low gpm/sf (less than one); (b)Recirculaling
biological - the same type of sand filler as E;ned in (a) with the added capability to recycle effluent back
through the sand filler;
(40)Sand or Mixed -Media Fillers. A polishing process by which effluent limits are achieved through a further
reduction of suspended solids:(a)low rale -- gravity, hydraulically loaded filler with loading rates in the one to
three gp,n/sl range;(b)high rate -- a press hydraulically loaded filler with loading rales in [he live gpm/sf
range; At any rale, the loading rate will exceed three gpm/sf;
(41)Secondary Clarifiers. A lank which follows the biological unit of a treatment plant and which has the purpose
of removing sludge associated with the biological treatment units;
(42)Separate Sludge Reaeration. A part of the contact stabilization process where the activated sludge is
transferred to a lank and aerated before returning it to the basin;
(43)Sepiic Tank. A single -story settling lank in which settled sludge is in contact with the wastewater flowing
through the lank; shall not be applicable for septic lank systems serving single family residences having a
capacity of 2000 gallons or less which discharge to a nitrification field;
(44)Sludge Digestion. The process by which organic or volatile mailer and sludge is gasified, liquefied,
ninerzlized or convened into more stable organic mailer through the activity of living organisms, which includes
aerated holding tanks;
(45)Sludge Drying Beds. An area comprising natural or artificial layers of porous materials upon which digested
sewage sludge is dried by drainage and evaporation;
(46)Sludge Elutriation. A process of sludge conditioning in which certain constituents are removed by successive
washings with fresh water or plant effluent;
(47)Sludge Gas Utilization. The process of using sewage gas for the purpose of heating buildings, driving engines,
etc.;
(48)Sludoe Holding tank (Aerated and Nonaerated). A lank utilized for small wastewater treatment plants not
containing a digester in which sludge may be kept fresh, and supernatant withdrawn prior to a drying method (i.e-
sludge drying beds); This may be done by adding a small amount of air simply to keep the sludge fresh, but not
necessarily an amount that would be required to achieve stabilization of organic matter. A nonaerated lank would
simply be used to decant sludge prior to dewatering and would simply be used to decant sludge prior to
dewatering and would not allow long periods (several days of detention) without resulting odor problems;
(49)Sludge Incinerators. A furnace designed to burn sludge and to remove all moisture and combustible materials
and reduce the sludge to a sterile ash;
(50)Sludge Stabilization (Chemical or Thermal). A process to make treated sludge less odorous and pulrescrible,
and to reduce the pathogenic organism content; This may be done by pH adjustment chlorine dosing, or by heat
treatment;
(51)Sludge Thickener. A type of sedimentation tank in which the sludge is permilled to settle and thicken through
agitation and gravity;
(52)Slabilizalion Lagoon. A type of oxidation lagoon in which biological oxidation of organic matter is effected by
natural transfer of oxygen to the water from air (not a polishing pond);
(53)Sland-By Power Supply. On site or portable electrical generating equipment;
(54) Static Screens. A stationary screen designed to remove solids including non -biodegradable particulate
(floatable solids, suspended solids and BOD reduction) from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment
systems;
(55)Tertiary Treatment. A stage of treatment following secondary which is primarily for the purpose of effluent
polishing: A settling lagoon or sand or coal filler might be employed for this purpose.
(56)Thermal Pollution Control Device. A device providing for the transfer of heal from a_fluid flowing in tubes to
another fluid outside the lubes, or vice versa: or, other means of regulating
liquid temperatures;
(57)Therm2l Sludge Conditioner. A conditioning process by which heal is added for a protracted period of time to
improve the dewaterabilily of sludge by the solubilizing and hydraulizing of the smaller and more highly hydrated
sludge particles;
(58)Toxic Materials. Those wastes or combinations of wastes including disease -causing agents which after
discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation or assimilation into any organism either directly from the
environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities,
cancer, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical
deformations, in such organisms or [heir offspring; Toxic materials include, by way illustration and not
limitation: lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, vanadium, arsenic, zinc, ortho-nitro-chlorebenzene (ONCB
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT); and any other materials that have
or may hereafter be determined to -have toxic properties;
(59)Trickling filler. A biological treatment unit consisting of material such as broken stone or rock over which
wastewater is distributed; A -high rate trickling filler is one which is operated at between 10 and 30 mgd per
acre. A low rate Irickling-filler is one which is designed to operate at one to four mgd per acre;
(60)Trickling Filler (Packed Tower). A plug flow type of operation in which wastewater flows down through
successive layers of media or fillrale material; Organic material is removed conlinually by active biological
fixed growth in each successive. layer. This method may produce -secondary' quality effluent, or may be
adapled to produce a nitrified effluent;
(61)Vacuum Fillers, Centrifuges, or Filter Presses. Devices which are designed to remove excess water from
either digested or undigested sludge prior to disposal or further treatment.