20140938 Ver 2_Archaeological Clearance_20180611

ProJect7YuckingNo.:
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NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLAC�S
o^��� ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ��
�`�'� PRESENT OR AFFECTED FORM `�� �
'�`6 ti;. o
0 0 � This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for ihis project. It is not �'\ ..
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. valid for Historic Architectnre and Landscapes. You must consult separately witi� ihe . Q__
� Historic Arohitecture and Landscapes Group. R�^ �I��D
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No: BIiIDGc 162
W73S No: 17BP.14.R.126
F.A. No: n/e
County: Transylvania DEC 1 1 2013
Documenl: MCS
Fundrng: � State ❑ Federal DIVISNON ],4
Feder•al Pw��nit Required? � Yes ❑ No Permi! Type: NWP14-401 Cert-TVA
Project Descr�ip[ion.• This project is an intensive archaeological survey aud evaluation for the
replacement of Bridge No. 162 on SR1361 (Old NC280) over Silver Creek (WBS No. 17BP.14.R.126;
PA No. ] 3-08-0062) in Trensylvania County, North Carolina. As speci6ed by the NCDOT, the survey
corridor (Area of Potential Effects [APE]) for archaeology extends 300 feet (91.44 m) northeast and
300 feet (91.44 m) southwest along SR1361 fi•om the ends of Bridge No. 162. The corridor is
approximately 150 feet (45.73 m) wide, extending 75 feet (22.86 m) on either side of SR1361 from its
present center.
SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
The Nortlt Carolina Depnrtment of Transporlatiou (NCDOT) Arc/meology Croup reviewed
Hre subject project �rnd determined:
� Tliere are no National Register listed ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES within the project's
area of potential effects.
❑ No sttbsurface archaeological investigations are required for this project.
❑ Subsurface investigations did notrevealthe presence oFany archaeologicalresources.
� Subsurfaceinvestigations did notrevealthe presence ofany archaeologicalresources
considered eligible for the National Register.
❑ All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all
compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
� There are no National Register Eligible or Listed ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present
or affected by this project. (Attach nny notes or documents ns needec�
"NO NATlONA/. REGISI%iltliLlG/BI.1'OR l.lS77iDARCHAGO/.OG/CAf. S/T/iSPRGS/iNT'02AFI�L•C7TsD
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Projec177nckUig Na.:
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Brtefdescriplion ofrevieiv nc[fvlties, resu/ts ofrevieiv, nnd conclnslons:
An archaeological survey and evaluation for replacement of Bridge No. IG2 on SR1361 over Silver Creek
in Transylvania County was conducted on October 2 and 15, 2013, by Michael Nelson, Belinda Cox, and
Brenda Magouirk-Nelson of TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC). During the course of the survey,
one previously unidentified archaeological site (31TV1074) was located within the project APE. The
archaeological resource is recommended not eligible for the NRHP, and no fiuther archaeological
investigations are needed for this project.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: � Map(s) ❑ Previous Survey Info � Photos QCorrespondence
Other: Cultural Review
Signed
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NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST Date
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Prajec� Trncking No.:
� 13-08-0062 �
SUMMARY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES RGVICW
13rrefdescriplion ofrevietiv activrlres, resedls ofrevie�v, and conch�,sions:
TRC has couducted a�� intensive arcl�aeological sw vey and evaluation for the reptacement of Bridge No.
162 on SRl3G1 (Old NC 280) over Silver Creek in Transylvania County, No�1h Carolina (Pigures 1 and
2). As specified by the NCDOT, the survey corridor (Area of Potential Effec[s [APE]) for archaeology
extends 300 feet (91.44 m) northeast and 300 feet (91.44 m) southwest along SR1361 from either end of
Bridge No. 162. The co�ridor is approximately 150 feet (45.73 m) wide extending 75 feet (22.86 m) on
either side of SR1361 from its present center.
A map review and site files search was couducted by Belinda Cox of TRC at the Office of State
Archaeology (OSA) Western Branch on September 26, 2013, supplementii�g a previous NCDOT review.
This review identified no archaeological sites within or adjacent to the APE, A single site has been
recorded within a one-mile radius (31 TV205). As recorded, that site consisted of a relatively modern
overtw•ned outhouse and � portion of au old road bed (Beruhardt 1979).
Topographic maps, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil survey maps, and other historic
maps were examined for information on natural or ctdtural variables ti�at might have affected site
locations. The Price and Strother map Q 808) shows nearby "Boirydstones" Creek and tributaries, along
with a road crossing `Bouydstones" Creek, but no other detail in the area. The MacRae map (1833)
depicts Boylstons Creek, along with some of its tributaries, and a road through the valley but no other
detail in the area. The Kerr map (1882) also depicts Boylston Creek and a road in the area, but no detail in
the project area. The more detailed 1906 USGS Pisgah quadrangle depicts Silver and Boylston creeks nnd
z road in the approximate Old NC 280 location, along with a road running no�th along the west side of
Silver Creek. One structure appears to be near the noMhwestern projec[ limits, while another appenrs to be
north of the northwestern poiKion of the APE. The structure depicted nearest the APE may be the Joshua
and Julia Orr house (TV0426). The 1906 soil survey map does not depict any structures in the project
vicinity (Hearn and MacNider1906).
The 1935 Pisgah Porest USGS quadrangte (USGS 1935) depicts a road in the locatiai of Old NC 280,
along with the more recent NC 280. A road is shown rumiing north along Silver Creek, and looping
around back to Old NC 280; the two sh uctures depicted on the 1906 tnap appear to also be shown ai the
1935 map, along with nt least six other struc[ures in the project vicinity; three of these are near the project
area along Old NC 280. One appears to be within or adjacent to the southwestern portion of the APE,
while the other two are further from the project limits and outside of ihe APE. The southern structw•e
depicteci probably represents the Joshua and Julia Orr house (TV0426), which is still standing (but has
been determined not eligible for the NRHP).
On-line soils data indicate that thcee soil types, Fauuin fine sandy loam, 15-30°/a slopes, Tate fine sandy
loam, 8—]5%slopes, and Cullowhee-Ela complex, 0-3%slopes, occasionally flooded (N2CS 2013) are
withi�� the project area.
The archaeological fietd survcy included a systematic walkover of the AP� to searcli for above-ground
features and the excavation of 20 shovel tests in areas lacking standing water, wettand soils, or sigus of
severe disturbance. The shovel tests measured 30 cm in diameter and were excavated to subsoil or at least
75 cm below surface (cmbs); all soils that were not obvious fill were dry-screened through'/n-inch mesh.
The northeastern poition of the project area is steeply sloped and was not suitable for shovel testing
(Figure 3). Within the southwestern and southeastern quadrants, sw face evidence of an old road was
noted, but no subsivface artifacts were found wiihin the shovel tests excavzted in these areas (STs 9-15).
This appears to be an older aligmnent of Old NC 280; large sections of cmicrete (some displaced), rock,
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ProJeN 7YnckU�gNa.:
13-08-0062
and asphalt as well as surface piles of modern debris (e.g., glass and plastic bottles, cans, light bulbs)
were noted in this area but not collected (Figure 4). The structure depicted on the 1935 USGS quadrangle
(USGS 1935) that appeared to be within or adjacent to the southwestern portion of tUe APE would have
been situated on the south side of the old road alignment; no evidence of that structure was found during
the cu�rent work, and it was presumably outside of the APE.
The survey discovered one archaeological site, 31TV1074, in the northwestern quadrant ofthe project
area (see Figure 2; Table 1). Site 31TV1074 is located along a wooded terrace, southwest of a small
unnamed drainage, west of Silver Creek (Figure 5). Soils at the site are relatively consistent and consist of
a 20-30 cm thick dark yellowish brown (lOYR 3/4) loam A or Ap horizon, atop a dark yellowish brown
(lOYR 4/6) sandy loam to sandy clay loam B horizon. Dark brown (lOYR 3/3) sandy clay loam with
dense pebbles and cobbles was encountered at a depth of 45-53 cm below surface (ctnbs) (Figures 6 and
7). The present landowner indicated the land used to be a livestock field, but had not been used as such
for at least GO years.
Six shovel tests contained cultural material, and a single 1 x] m test unit was excavated to gather more
information on soils and components present (Tables 2 and 3). A total of 67 artifacts were recovered
including 63 lithic artifacts, two sherds; and two pieces of inetal. Eighteen of the 65 prehistoric aMifacts
were recovered from shovel tests; artifact density ranged from one to seven artifacts per test Artifacts
were recovered fi•om both [he A/Ap and B horizons to depths up to 50 cmbs, although most artifacts were
recovered fi•om the upper 35 cmbs. The remainder or the artifacts were recovered from the test unit,
almost exclusively from the plowzone.
The two prehistoric sherds have unidentified surface decorations and cannot be assigned to any specific
time period. The lithic artifacts include one non-diagnostic projectile point/knife (pp/k) fragment, four
biface or preform fi•agments, 46 pieces of debitage (inchiding flakes and shatter), and 12 pieces of fire-
cracked rock (FCR). The chipped stone raw materials consist of chert (n�0), quaMz (n=17), and quartzite
(n=14). Both of the metal artifacts are heavily corroded, but are probable fragments of wire nails; these
are not thought to represent a significant historic component at the site.
31TVI074 almost certainly continues north outside the current project APE; the landform rises in that
direction and contains a relatively broad, flat area. As defined within the current APE, however, the site is
relatively low density and is unlikely to contain intact cultural features and well stratified deposits. Site
31TV 1074 is recommended ineligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) within the
APE.
Based on the results of the background research and field su�vey, there is no evidence that NRHP-eligible
archaeological resources are situated within the Bridge t62 APE. Consequently, no additional
archaeological investigations are recommended for this project as currently defined.
�� �if��
Tasha Benyshek
Senior Archaeologist/Assistant Program Manager, Asheville
TRC Environmental Corporation
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Table 1. Archaeological Sites IdentiGed by the Bridge No. 162 Survey.
Shovel Tesls Artifacts (incluJing from TU)
Site N Cumpunent(s) Total* Preh. FIisL Lithic Cerxmic F[istoric 'Total Recommendntion
31TV1074 Onknown 10 6 I 63 2 2 67 No�Eligible
Prehistoric
li�hic/ccramic
� Includes all shovel tests wilhin 30 m uf positive lesls
Tablc 2. Site 31TV1074 Sliovcl Test Artif�ct
1 STI 1/tI
I S'CI UfI
2 ST3 I
2 ST3 I
3
3
3
3
4
5
G
(0
l0
IO
It
S1'4
ST4
STA
S1'4
ST18
ST18
ST20
ST17
ST17
STl7
ST17
I/II
VII
I/II
VI[
I
II
I
I
1
II
(5-35 (Ap/B)
15-35 (Ap/F3)
0—IS (Ap)
0—IS (Ap)
0-50 (Ap/6)
0-50 (Ap/B)
0-50(ApB)
0-50 (Ap/D)
10-20 (Ap)
20-34 (B)
0-27 (AP)
0-28 (Ap)
U-28 (Ap)
0-28 (AP)
28-35(B)
1
3
2
t
I
1
1
1
I
I
Tuble 3. 31TV1074 Test Unit L Artifact
debitage
ntetnl
debitage
biface/preform Geg
debitnge
debitage
debitage
biface/prefonn frag
debitage
debituge
debitage
debitage
PPK fragment
FCR
Quartz
Cormded (likely nail)
Chert flake
Lnnceolate blade w/ sntall
contracting stem s�arted
Quariz
Quar(zite
Chert ilake
Apparent dis[al end
Quartz
Quartzite (or FCR)
Quarizite (or naturni)
Chert tlake
Quariz Aistal frag
Quflrtzite
Depth Diagnostic
Level (cmbs) Sh•at. Horizm� Ceramics Lithics Historic Artifacts
( 0-18 I Ap ( lOYR 3/4) loam 1 34 1
2 18-24 I/II Ap (lOYR 3/4) loam 1 10
3 24-34 II B( I OYR 4/G) sandy loaro to I
sandy clay loam
4 34-44 II B QOYR 4/6) sandy clay loam
[o sandy clay loam
5 44-54 II/III ( I OYR 3/3) saudy clay loam
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Fijure 2. Aerial photo�aph (2010) and azchaeolo�ical res�urce identifizd at Sridge 162.

Projecl Trnckiug No.:
13-08-0062
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I'igure 3. Vic��� of slope in thc na�thcastern po!tinn of [3rid�e No. 162 APE, view to southwest.
Figure 4. V iew along the sloped road bank in Hie southeastern portion of the Bridge No. 162 APC; nofe
asphalt and concrete, view to northeast.
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�igtu'e 5. Vie�v of STI al site 31TV 107<4 within the norlhweslern purfion oPE3ridgc No.1G2�FlP8, view
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�i�ure 6. Site 31'1'V1074 `CUI South Profile.
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Project Tracking No.;
13-08-0062
aErEaENCEs crr�n
Bernhardt, Jack E., Jana Kellar, G. Ishmael W illiams, and Lynda Morgan
1979 A Culftn•a7 2esom•ces Survey Proposed Itnprovements �llong NC 280 Trunaylvuniu and Henderson
Conn�ies, North Ca�»lina. Report submitted by EaRh Systems Division, Soil Systems, Inc. Marietta, GA .
Hearn, Edward W., nnd G.M. MacNider
1906 SoilSurvey ofTransylvaniaCounty, �Voi�7hCarolina. U.S. GovernmentPri��ting Office, Washington,
D.C.
Kerr, W.C.
1882 Mnp of North Carolina. On file, North Carolina 5[ate Archives, Raleigh.
MacRae, John �
� 1833 A New Map of the State of Norlh Carolina. John MacRae, �ayetteville, and H.S. Tanner, Philadelphia.
National Resources Conse�vation Service (NRCS)
2013 Natural Resources Conservetion Scrvice, United States Department of Agriculture Wcb Soil Survey.
Availnble online at http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/ accessed November, 2013.
Price, Jou and John Slro�her
1808 The Pirst Actual Survey of Hie State of North Carolina. Plate IX in North Cai•olina in �Llaps, edited by
W. P. Cumming 1966. State Department of Arohives and History, Raleigh.
i1.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
1906 Yisgah, N.C., topographic map (1.25,000).
1935 Pisgah Forest, N.C., 7.5-minute planimetric map (L•24,000).
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