Final ASVL of Geochemical and Isotopic Characterization_20180426

Geochemical and Isotopic Characterization Asheville Plant Duke Energy Progress
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Analytical Strategy ............................................................................................... 4
1.2 Site Description .................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 General Site Description ........................................................................................ 4
1.2.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology ............................................................................ 5
2.0 METHODS ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Sample Collection, Receipt, Aliquot Splitting ........................................................ 7
2.2 Analytical Methods ............................................................................................... 9
2.3 Data QA/QC, Validation ..................................................................................... 10
2.4 Tier 3 Isotopic Systems ...................................................................................... 10
2.4.1 General Nomenclature and Basic Stable Isotope Concepts ............................... 10
2.4.2 Hydrogen (δD) and Oxygen (δ18O) ....................................................................... 11
2.4.3 Tritium .................................................................................................................. 12
2.4.4 Boron .................................................................................................................... 12
2.4.5 Strontium .............................................................................................................. 13
2.4.6 Sulfur .................................................................................................................... 13
3.0 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 14
4.0 DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY .................................................................................... 17
4.1 Isotopic and Chemical Composition of Bedrock Groundwater ............................ 17
4.1.1 Water Sources ..................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2 Downgradient Wells ............................................................................................. 25
4.1.3 Age Dating ........................................................................................................... 32
4.1.4 French Broad River .............................................................................................. 33
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 34
5.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 34
6.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 37
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1. Site Location Map (modified from SynTerra, 2016) ................................................. 2
Figure 1.2. Isotope Sample Locations (from SynTerra, 2018) ................................................... 3
Figure 2.1. Hydrogen Stable Isotope System .......................................................................... 11
Figure 2.2. Range of δ11B values for common and CCR sources
(from EPRI, Hensel, written comm., 2017) ............................................................ 13
Figure 4.1. Piper diagrams of CCR source and bedrock groundwater samples at the Asheville
Site ....................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 4.2. Cross-plot of δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr showing CCR, upgradient and west FBR
well data ............................................................................................................... 20
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Figure 4.3. δ11B vs. B concentration (upper) and 87Sr/86Sr vs. Sr concentration (lower),
CCR, upgradient and west FBR well data ............................................................. 21
Figure 4.4. Cross-plot of δ11B and δ34S showing CCR, upgradient and west FBR well data .... 22
Figure 4.5. Plot of SO4 and Cl concentrations showing CCR, upgradient and west of FBR
well data ............................................................................................................... 23
Figure 4.6. The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O of CCR, upgradient, and west of FBR
well water. Arrow shows generalized mixing trend from meteoric water to water
modified by evaporation. ....................................................................................... 24
Figure 4.7. δ11B vs B concentration, showing CCR, upgradient, west FBR well, and
downgradient well data. Arrow shows several potential mixing scenarios. ............ 27
Figure 4.8. 87Sr/86Sr vs Sr concentration, showing CCR, upgradient, west FBR well, and
downgradient well data. Arrows show potential mixing scenarios.......................... 27
Figure 4.9. Cross-plot of δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr showing CCR, upgradient, west FBR well, and
downgradient well data ......................................................................................... 28
Figure 4.10. Cross-plot of δ11B and δ34S showing CCR, upgradient, west of FBR, and
downgradient well data ......................................................................................... 29
Figure 4.11. Plot of SO4 and Cl concentrations showing CCR, upgradient, west of FBR, and
downgradient well data ......................................................................................... 30
Figure 4.12. The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O of CCR, upgradient, west of FBR,
and downgradient well water. Arrows show potential evaporation trends. ............. 31
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Summary of Samples Collected for Isotopic Analysis ................................................. 8
Table 2.2. Analytical Laboratories and Analysis Performed ......................................................... 9
Table 3.1. Chemical Analyses for Samples Collected for Isotope Analyses .............................. 15
Table 3.2. Isotope Analyses for all Samples Collected .............................................................. 16
Appendix A Isotopic Laboratory Analytical Reports (included under separate cover).
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AMU Atomic Mass Unit
CCR Coal Combustion Residuals
CSA Comprehensive Site Assessment
FBR French Broad River
GMWL Global Meteoric Water Line
IAP Interim Action Plan
I-26 Interstate 26
IRMS Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry
MWL Meteoric Water Line
NBS National Bureau of Standards
NCDEQ North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NPDES National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
NTIMS Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Plant Asheville Steam Electric Plant
QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Site Asheville Steam Electric Plant and property
SLAP Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation
TIMS Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry
VMSOW Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Tetra Tech was requested by Duke Energy Carolinas to evaluate isotopic geochemistry of surface
and groundwater at the Duke Energy Asheville Steam Electric Plant, Buncombe County, North
Carolina and surrounding vicinity. The Asheville Steam Electric Plant (Plant) began commercial
operation in 1964, and consists of two coal-fired units along with two combustion turbines to
generate power. The Plant utilizes the adjacent 300-acre Lake Julian as cooling water, as well as
the French Broad River for water supply (Figure 1.1). Coal combustion residuals (CCR) are
managed at the Plant’s on-site ash basins (Figure 1.1) and have also been used as structural fill
at the nearby Asheville Airport.
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) and Duke Energy signed a
Settlement Agreement in September 2015. The Settlement Agreement provided the requirement
to implement accelerated remediation at sites that demonstrated off-site groundwater impacts.
Based on data collected for the Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) (SynTerra, 2015),
potential off-site groundwater impacts were identified west of the 1964 ash basin, beneath a
12-acre parcel within the Interstate 26 (I-26) right-of-way (Figure 1.1). An Interim Action Plan (IAP)
was submitted by Duke Energy to NCDEQ in April 2016 that outlines the tasks to meet the
accelerated remediation requirement.
Recommendations of the CSA Supplement 1 (SynTerra, 2016) to assess potential off-site
groundwater impacts included, but was not limited to, an isotopic evaluation of boron, strontium,
oxygen, and hydrogen. The isotopic evaluation was subsequently expanded to include stable
isotope of sulfur of sulfate, tritium, and include surface water from the French Broad River. The
primary focus of this investigation is to assess potential off-site impacts to groundwater west of
the French Broad River.
This project comprises analyzing and evaluating the geochemistry and isotopic geochemistry of
surface and groundwater samples collected within the plant boundary and the surrounding vicinity
(Figure 1.2). Data evaluated were from samples were collected in 2016, 2017, and 2018 by
SynTerra of Greenville, South Carolina. Samples were collected from CSA monitoring wells,
compliance monitoring wells, background monitoring wells, and water supply wells during
sampling activities prescribed in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
compliance, NCDEQ water supply well, and CSA groundwater monitoring programs. Additional
samples were collected from the French Broad River, as well as a sample of local rain water. The
principal objectives of the project are to:
1. Determine the specified intrinsic isotopic signature for dissolved constituents of samples
from background, CCR source, downgradient, and water supply wells;
2. Evaluate potential mixing of native groundwater and CCR derived water;
3. Assess general age-related circumstances using tritium content of groundwater; and
4. Provide geochemical and isotopic information for the hydrologic site conceptual models.
The sample locations and analytical parameters were specifically designed to characterize
background, CCR derived, and downgradient water composition for potential impacts from CCR.
Details of sample locations, analytical parameters, and sampling and analytical methodology used
in this study, are provided in Section 2. Analytical results are provided in Section 3, discussion
and summary of those results are provided in Section 4, and conclusions and recommendations
of this study are provided in Section 5.
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Figure 1.1. Site Location Map (modified from SynTerra, 2016)
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Figure 1.2. Isotope Sample Locations (from SynTerra, 2018)
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1.1 Analytical Strategy
The design of the project was to characterize groundwater for potential impacts from CCR. The
analytical strategy is based on the three-tier approach for the interpretation of groundwater quality
near CCR management facilities as described in a 2012 technical report prepared by the Electric
Power Research Institute (EPRI, 2012). The following summarizes the three tiers method.
Tier 1
Tier 1 evaluates concentrations of mobile, non-reactive indicator constituents for CCR
leachate using trend and statistical analyses. Tier 1 is used primarily during preliminary site
investigations and for detection monitoring programs at CCR management sites. A Tier 1
evaluation has been done elsewhere and is not included as a part of this investigation.
Tier 2
Tier 2 evaluates water quality characteristics using combinations of major ions and CCR
indicator constituents. A Tier 2 evaluation is appropriate for CCR facilities where a release of
leachate to groundwater is suspected, but cannot be confirmed or refuted using Tier 1
techniques. A comprehensive Tier 2 evaluation was not performed as a part of this
investigation, however, major ion concentrations of background, CCR, downgradient, and
water supply well groundwater were evaluated to provide a comparison with isotopic
evaluations.
Tier 3
Tier 3 evaluates the source of CCR indicator constituents in groundwater using stable
isotopes. A Tier 3 evaluation is appropriate for CCR facilities where a release of leachate to
groundwater is suspected, but cannot be confirmed or refuted using Tier 1 or Tier 2
techniques. Characterization of background, CCR, downgradient, and water supply well
groundwater using stable isotopes, including hydrogen and oxygen of water, boron, strontium,
and sulfur of sulfate is the primary focus of this investigation. Details of the Tier 3 Isotopic
system is provided in EPRI, 2012, and are summarized in Section 2.2.
1.2 Site Description
1.2.1 General Site Description
The Site (Site) comprise a coal-fired electrical facility (Plant) and adjacent property, located south
of the City of Asheville in Buncombe County, North Carolina (Figure 1.1). Lake Julian, built to
supply cooling water to the Plant, is located adjacent to the Plant to the north and east. Two ash
basins are situated to the southwest and south of the Plant (Figure 1.1). The Site property is
bounded to the west by the French Broad River (FBR) (Figure 1.1). Land use of surrounding
property includes residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural. Commercial and residential
use is dominate to the north and south of the property and land to the west of the FBR is
predominantly rural residential and agricultural property.
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Two ash basins are located on the Site for storage of non-combusted coal residue. The basins
are referenced using the date of construction: the 1964 and 1982 ash basins (Figure 1.1). Material
is stored in the basins through sluicing and largely consist of fly ash with lesser amounts of flue
ash and bottom ash (SynTerra, 2015).
The 1964 ash basin has an area of 45 acres and deposit thicknesses ranging from a few to 59
feet (SynTerra, 2015). The 1964 basin received sluiced ash from 1964 to 1984 and then again
from 2012 to present to a concreate lined rim ditch system constructed within the 1964 basin
footprint. The northeast corner of the 1964 basin continues to be used as a secondary settling
pond. The secondary settling pond accepts water from the 1982 ash basin, as well as coal pile
runoff, storm water, low volume waste sources, combustion turbine site runoff, fire protection
system runoff, preheater cleaning water, ash sluice water, chemical metal cleaning waste, and
constructed wetlands effluent.
The 1982 ash basin has an area of 33 acres and deposit thicknesses ranging from 36 to 46 feet
(SynTerra, 2015). Ash placement within this basin has ceased and material has been excavated
and taken offsite to the Asheville Regional Airport for structural fill (SynTerra, 2015). Excavation
of the 1982 basin was nearly complete as of August 2016 (SynTerra, 2016).
The contact between ash and underlying soils appears visually distinct in most places, with
commingling of ash and underlying saprolite indicated at some sampling locations (SynTerra,
2015).
1.2.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology
The Asheville Site is located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province. The subsurface at the
Site is composed of alluvium, saprolite, transition zone, and bedrock, with subsurface material of
varying thickness and composition throughout the Site. Bedrock underlying the Site consists
primarily of mica gneiss and schist. Field observations indicate the gneiss is more common in the
northwest corner of the Site, grading to more intensely-foliated schist to the south and east of the
Site (SynTerra, 2015). Pegmatitic veins, fracture zones, and pyrite are common in the bedrock
throughout the Site.
Prominent linear fracture systems at the Site include a northeast-southwest and northwest-
southeast trending systems (SynTerra, 2015). The strike of the dominant foliation in rocks at the
Site is northeast to east, with shallow dipping to the southeast. Secondary foliation strike trends
are northwest-southeast, correlating to the northwest-southeast fracture systems (SynTerra,
2015). Geophysical measurements of primary water-producing fractures in wells immediately
adjacent to and east of the FBR and in wells west of the FBR (SynTerra, 2016) show a primary
strike of fractures from the east-northeast to east-southeast, dipping to the southeast, with a
secondary strike trend about N10E dipping to the northwest.
Lake Julian boarders the Site to the east and northeast (Figure 1.1), and the FBR flows north
along the western boundary of the Site property. The regional groundwater system is composed
of the upper unconfined regolith underlain by fractured bedrock aquifers. The uppermost layer
(referred to as the regolith) has low to moderate permeability (LaGrand, 2004) and extends from
under the Site west under the FBR and to the area west of the river. The regolith and transition
zone are not continuous from the Plant side (east) to the west side of the FBR. Bedrock outcrops
within the river bed creating riffles that are evident on aerial photography (pers. comm. SynTerra,
April 2018). Within the Site, the regolith is partially underlain by saprolite, which is in turn underlain
by the transition zone, consisting of highly permeable, partially weathered rock that grades into
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unconsolidated bedrock (LaGrand, 2004). Under the Site, the saprolite and transition zone are
discontinuous, in some places regolith is underlain by transition zone which overlies bedrock, in
other places saprolite directly overlies the bedrock. The overlying regolith, saprolite, and transition
zone aquifers between the ash basins and Lake Julian have a combined maximum thickness of
about 100 feet, the combined thickness generally thins westward to less than 20 feet near the
FBR. Regolith directly overlies bedrock under the FBR and areas west of the river, and is greater
than 80 feet thick in some locations. Bedrock underlying the Site consists primarily of foliated
gneiss and schist. Pegmatite, fracture zones, and abundant pyrite are noted in several well logs.
Three groundwater flow regimes have been identified at the Site and have been designated: 1)
surficial (alluvium and saprolite), 2) transition zone (partially weathered rock), and 3) bedrock.
Groundwater level data under the Site indicate a westerly flow towards the FBR (SynTerra, 2015)
within saturated surficial, saturated transition zone, and bedrock fracture regimes. There is a
larger hydraulic gradient east of the French Broad River compared to the west side of the river,
due to the presence of Lake Julian (SynTerra, 2016). The French Broad River and its tributaries
are groundwater discharge zones for both the saprolite and shallow bedrock aquifers at the Site,
with the French Broad River creating a hydraulic boundary west of the Site (SynTerra, 2015), at
least within the surficial and upper bedrock systems. Groundwater flow is largely fracture
controlled within the deeper bedrock system. Due to well construction techniques, as well as
potential anthropogenic conditions (SynTerra, 2016), water level data from wells west of the FBR
have limited utility in assessing the groundwater flow to the west of the river.
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2.0 METHODS
2.1 Sample Collection, Receipt, Aliquot Splitting
Samples for isotopic analyses were collected in 2016, 2017, and 2018 by SynTerra. Samples
were collected from CSA monitoring wells, compliance monitoring wells, background monitoring
wells, and water supply wells during sampling activities prescribed in National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) compliance, NCDEQ water supply well, and CSA groundwater
monitoring programs. Additional samples were collected from the FBR, as well as a sample of
local rain water. Table 2.1 provides a summary of samples collected, including sample location,
sample collection date, ground or surface water type, and groundwater flow zone. Samples for
isotopic analysis were collected using professionally accepted procedures, field filtered using a
0.45µm effective pore diameter cellulose acetate filter membranes, collected in plastic bottles,
and shipped without preservative to the Tetra Tech office in Fort Collins, Colorado.
Upon receipt of samples, Tetra Tech split aliquot volumes sufficient to perform the required
isotopic analysis. Using cation and anion concentration data provided by SynTerra for each
sample, aliquot volumes were calculated to provide sufficient mass for δ11B, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ34S
analysis. Samples with insufficient mass to perform analysis are listed in Table 2.1. Analytical
laboratories and analysis performed are listed in Table 2.2.
All groundwater samples collected in 2016, 2017, and 2018 were analyzed for δD, δ18O, δ11B,
87Sr/86Sr, and δ34S if sufficient volumes were available. In addition, samples collected in April and
May 2017 were analyzed for 3H. Rainwater collected in April 2017 was analyzed for δD and δ18O
only. The sample from well AS-14 collected January 15, 2018 was analyzed for δ11B only. Table
2.1 provide a summary of analyses performed on each sample.
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Table 2.1. Summary of Samples Collected for Isotopic Analysis
 = Analysis completed
NA = Not analyzed due to insufficient mass of element
NR = Analyzed but no result-stable signal not obtained due to insufficient mass of element
NS = Analysis not scheduled
GW = Groundwater, SW = Surface water, Precip = precipitation
Sample ID Flow Zone Sample Date Sample Type Sample ID Flow Zone Sample Date Sample Type
GW-02 Bedrock 4/11/17 GW 
AS-11 Bedrock 5/9/16 GW NS GW-03 Saprolite 4/11/17 GW 
AS-13 Bedrock 5/9/16 GW NS MW-05BR Bedrock 4/13/17 GW 
AS-14 Bedrock 5/11/16 GW NS MW-05D Transition Zone 4/13/17 GW 
CCR-103BR Bedrock 4/26/16 GW NS MW-06BR Bedrock 4/10/17 GW 
CCR-103D Transition Zone 4/26/16 GW NS MW-06D Transition Zone 4/10/17 GW 
MW-22BR Bedrock 4/11/16 GW NS NA MW-06S Saprolite 4/10/17 GW 
MW-22D Transition Zone 4/11/16 GW NS NA MW-08S Saprolite 4/7/17 GW 
MW-9S Saprolite 1/20/16 GW NS NA MW-09BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 
SW-100 Surface Water 5/11/16 SW NS NA MW-09D Transition Zone 4/12/17 GW 
SW-101 Spring 5/11/16 GW NS NA MW-10 Alluvial 4/11/17 GW 
SW-102 Surface Water 5/12/16 SW NS NA NA MW-16A Alluvial 4/12/17 GW 
SW-103 Spring 5/13/16 GW NS NA NA MW-16BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 
MW-18BR Bedrock 4/6/17 GW 
25 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW AP AP AP MW-18BRL Bedrock 4/6/17 GW 
42 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW AP AP NA MW-18D Transition Zone 4/6/17 GW 
44 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW AP AP AP MW-20A Alluvial 4/7/17 GW 
8 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW AP NA MW-24S Saprolite 4/12/17 GW NR NA 
AMW-01B Bedrock 4/12/17 GW SW-06 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 
AMW-03B Bedrock 4/12/17 GW NA SWFBR-1 Surface Water 4/19/17 SW 
AS-11 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS AP AP AP AP AP SWFBR-2 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 
AS-13 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS AP AP AP AP AP SWFBR-3 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 
AS-14 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS AP AP AP AP AP SWFBR-4 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 
AS-17 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS AP AP AP AP AP SWLJ-1 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 
AS-20 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS AP AP AP AP AP
AS-7 Spring 10/25/2017 GW NS AP AP AP AP AP AS-14 Bedrock 1/15/2018 GW NS NS NS NS NS
AS-9 Bedrock 5/5/17 GW AP AP AS-5 BR Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS 
AVL Rain Rain Water 4/19/17 Precip NS NS NS NS AS-5 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS 
CB-01 Saprolite 4/13/17 GW NA NA MW- 26 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS 
CB-01D Transition Zone 4/13/17 GW NR MW-15 BRL Bedrock 1/8/2018 GW NS 
CB-04B Bedrock 4/13/17 GW NA NA MW-16 D Transition Zone 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CB-05 Alluvial 4/6/17 GW MW-16BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CB-09 Saprolite 4/13/17 GW NR NA MW-17BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CB-09BR Bedrock 4/13/17 GW NA MW-20 BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CB-09SL Saprolite 4/13/17 GW NA MW-25 BR Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CCR-101BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW MW-25 BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CCR-102D Transition Zone 4/7/17 GW MW-25 S Saprolite 1/9/2018 GW NS 
CCR-102S Saprolite 4/7/17 GW MW-26 S Saprolite 1/10/2018 GW NS 
EXT-01 Bedrock 4/13/17 GW PZ-17 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS 
GW-01 Saprolite 4/10/17 GW NA
GW-01BR Bedrock 4/10/17 GW 
GW-01D Transition Zone 4/10/17 GW 
d34S 87Sr/86Sr
Analysis Status
Analysis 3H d18O dD d11B
2018
2017
87Sr/86SrdD
2016
d11B d34SAnalysis3Hd18O
Analysis Status
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Table 2.2. Analytical Laboratories and Analysis Performed
Laboratory Location Analyses
Boron Isotope Laboratory Tetra Tech
Fort Collins, Colorado δ11B
Environmental Isotope Laboratory University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona δD, δ18O, 3H
Isotope Tracer Technologies Waterloo, Ontario 87Sr/86Sr, δ34S
2.2 Analytical Methods
The analytical methods used by the laboratories listed in Table 2.2 are described below.
Boron
Boron (δ11B) isotopic composition was measured at the Tetra Tech Boron Isotope Laboratory by
negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (NTIMS) on a thermal ionization mass
spectrometry (TIMS) VG 336, built by VG Isotopes Limited, Cheshire, England. Sample
preparation and analytical procedures are described in Hemming and Hanson, 1994. The NBS-
951 standard was used for correcting measured ratios to the accepted reporting δ11B formalization
with precision of less than 1 per mil (2σ).
Hydrogen and Oxygen of Water
Hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) of water was measured at the University of Arizona
Environmental Isotope Laboratory using a gas-source isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Finnigan
Delta S). For hydrogen, samples were reacted at 750°C with Cr metal using a Finnigan H/Device
coupled to the mass spectrometer. For oxygen, samples were equilibrated with CO2 gas at
approximately 15°C in an automated equilibration device coupled to the mass spectrometer.
Standardization is based on international reference materials Vienna Standard Mean Ocean
Water (VSMOW) and Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation (SLAP). Precision is 0.9 per mil or
better for δD and 0.08 per mil or better for δ18O on the basis of repeated internal standards.
Strontium
Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) was measured by Isotope Tracer Technologies by TIMS using a Triton
(Thermo Finnigan, Bremen, Germany) mass spectrometer. Strontium separation is conducted via
ion-exchange procedure that utilizes Sr-specific resin method developed by Horwitz, E.P.; et al,
1992. All Results are corrected and reported against the International Standard NIST SRM 987
87Sr/86Sr (Actual value = 0.710245). Continuous monitoring of standards in the sample log book
provides the first check on the analytical results. The standards (NIST 987) analyses must remain
within the working limits of 0.71024 ± 0.00004.
Sulfur of Sulfate
Sulfur (δ34S) was measured by Isotope Tracer Technologies on SO2 gas by infrared mass
spectrometry. Samples are loaded into a Fisons Instruments elemental analyzer to be flash
combusted at 1100°C. Released gases are carried by ultrapure helium through the analyzer, then
separated by gas chromatography. Clean SO2 gas is carried into the Mat 253, Thermo Scientific,
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IRMS for analysis. Data are corrected and normalized using three international standards, IAEA
SO6, IAEA SO5, NBS 127, and two calibrated internal standards that bracket the samples
Standards are run at the beginning, middle, and end of every run. Repeats of samples are another
way of checking the stability and precision of the analytical procedure. Typically, at least one
repeat is included for every three samples. The error for sulfate standard material is expected to
be ± 0.5‰ or better.
Tritium
Tritium was measured at the University of Arizona Environmental Isotope Laboratory by liquid
scintillation spectrometry. Samples are prepared first by distilling to remove non-volatile solutes,
and then enriched by electrolysis by a factor of about 9. Enriched samples are mixed 1:1 with
Ultimagold Low Level Tritium (R) cocktail, and counted for 1500 minutes in a Quantulus 1220
Spectrometer in an underground counting laboratory. The detection limit under these conditions
is 0.6 TU. Standardization is relative to NIST SRM 4361C, and water from Agua Caliente Spring
in Tucson basin is used to determine background.
2.3 Data QA/QC, Validation
All data has been reviewed and conform to the established QA/QC criteria established by the
analytical laboratory. Sample transfers between collection and receipt at the laboratory conformed
to required transfer conditions, and required chain of custody documentation was received.
2.4 Tier 3 Isotopic Systems
2.4.1 General Nomenclature and Basic Stable Isotope Concepts
Basic stable isotope concepts are detailed in EPRI, 2012. The hydrogen stable isotope system
provides the simplest example of nomenclature and stable isotope concepts.
Hydrogen is the lightest known element containing a single proton in the nucleus, thus it has an
atomic number of one (Figure 2.1). There are three naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen,
protium or hydrogen (1H) has no neutrons and, therefore, a mass number (number of protons plus
neutrons) of one, deuterium (2H) having one neutron and mass number of two, and tritium (3H)
with two neutrons and a mass number of three. Hydrogen and deuterium (Figure 2.1) are stable
whereas tritium is radioactive. Tritium is used in applications for determining recent versus older
time periods for groundwater recharge and was included for samples collected at Asheville.
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Figure 2.1. Hydrogen Stable Isotope System
The delta equation for water shown below applies to all stable isotopes, and a standard reference
material specific to each isotope is employed. By convention the equation is written in terms of
the isotope with the higher mass.
Delta (δ) 2H/1H or δD is defined as:
()()
()
2 1 2 1
sample standard 3
2 1
standard
H / H H / H
δD ‰ 10H / H
=×
−
Similarly, the delta equation for oxygen or 18O/16O is written for δ18O:
()()
()
18 16 18 16
sample standard18 3
18 16
standard
O / O O / O
δ O ‰ 10O / O
=×
−
By definition, a sample of the standard will have a δD and δ18O of zero.
2.4.2 Hydrogen (δD) and Oxygen (δ18O)
Application of the δD and δ18O analyses to CCR management is for the isotopic composition of
water itself. Fractionation effecting the hydrogen/oxygen stable isotopic ratio identifies water that
may have been affected by recharge from different elevations, climates, or mixing among
locations. The δD and δ18O isotopic measurements are made on the water molecules and are not
affected by the solute concentration; therefore, evaluation of δD and δ18O data can assist in
defining natural conditions compared to CCR impacted groundwater.
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The evaporation/condensation process of isotopic fractionation is a global phenomenon. Using
average relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in natural terrestrial waters,
Craig (1961) determined a correlation between of δD and δ18O expressed as the Global Meteoric
Water Line (GMWL).
18δD 8.0 δ O + 10‰=×
Subsequent studies have improved this general equation and has also demonstrated that the
local Meteoric Water Line (MWL) has a variable slope as would be expected based on local
meteoric conditions, but the actual difference in slope between the local MWL and GMWL for
applications such those at this Site is small. An evaporating surface water that began with a δD
and δ18O that plots along the GWML, then evaporated, will usually have results that are different,
trending away from the GMWL and often easily identifiable. This type of difference would be
expected between shallow groundwater and a landfill in which accumulated water was
evaporating. The leachate δD and δ18O signature could be used along with other analyses to
identify the presence of leachate mixed with groundwater.
2.4.3 Tritium
Tritium (3H, half-life of 12.3 years) can be used as a tracer of “young waters.” Tritium input in
measurable amounts to groundwater has occurred in a series of spikes following periods of
atmospheric testing of nuclear devices that began in 1952 and reached a maximum in 1963-1964.
Concentrations of tritium in precipitation have decreased since the mid-1960s bomb testing peak,
except for some small increases from French and Chinese tests in the late 1970s. Radioactive
decay of tritium produces the noble gas helium-3 (3He). In waters recharged prior to the mid-
1960s, the bomb peak will no longer be present at detectable levels using current methodologies
due to radioactive decay.
2.4.4 Boron
The value of B as an in-situ tracer at CCR sites derives from several unique characteristics: 1)
boron is universally present in CCR related water, most other source waters, and in native
groundwater; 2) is chemically conservative, i.e., dissolved boron is highly soluble, mobile, and
chemically conservative, e.g., few minerals precipitate, no redox concerns; and 3) boron isotopic
signatures are detected over a broad range of values, and measurable with high precision of less
than 1‰ (per mil). Few sources have universal values, most are unique to a specific site; boron
is derived from mineral sources, waste material, mixing with natural and anthropogenic brines,
sea water, etc. Figure 2.2 shows the range of δ11B values for some common and CCR related
sources.
It is generally observed that the boron isotopic signature does not change along the flowpath
because of reaction, and is altered primarily because of mixing of waters or introduction if new
mass from mineral dissolution. Therefore, δ11B data can be a distinguishing signature delineating
natural conditions compared to CCR impacted groundwater. Details of the boron isotopic system
are provided in EPRI, 2012.
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Figure 2.2. Range of δ11B values for common and CCR sources
(from EPRI, Hensel, written comm., 2017)
2.4.5 Strontium
Strontium is present in crystalline rock, sedimentary rocks such as limestone and shale lithologies,
as well as in CCR landfill material. The variability in strontium isotopic composition of water
samples is a function of the isotopic composition of the rocks that water contacts along a flow
path and can be affected by reactions such as dissolution, sorption on mineral surfaces, or
precipitation of strontium-bearing minerals. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios from a water sample can provide
an intrinsic and unique isotopic signature of a location in an aquifer.
2.4.6 Sulfur
Sulfur has four naturally occurring stable isotopes, but 34S and 32S are the most abundant and
represent the most commonly measured ratio (δ34S). The δ34S of rocks, minerals, and natural
waters ranges over more than 90 per mil (Coplen et al., 2001). Because sulfate and sulfide are
so reactive, the δ34S is subject to significant modification from chemical and microbiological
processes; consequently, the measurement of δ34S can provide wide ranges of results supporting
interpretations of water origins, flow paths, mixing scenarios. The most challenging aspect of
interpretation is evaluating the redox reactions responsible for isotopic changes.
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3.0 RESULTS
A summary of analytical results is provided in Tables 3.1 and 3.2. Results of chemical analyses
(Table 3.1) were provided by SynTerra. Where available, the dissolved B and Sr concentration
results were included in Table 3.1 in lieu of total recoverable results. Copies of all original results
of isotopic analyses from each participating laboratory are included in Appendix A in a separate
electronic format. Sample results were checked for acceptable quality, and were deemed to be
consistent with prior analyses from the same locations, having acceptable precision with respect
to appropriate standard reference material, and replicates and duplicates as needed. Some
original sample procedures were modified from the standard protocol to accommodate the need
for isotopic analyses (e.g., δ11B, δ34S, and 87Sr/86Sr analyses are performed on filtered samples
only), and larger volumes were required to provide enough mass for the measurements.
Boron isotopes were analyzed from well AS-14 from samples collected on May 11, 2016, October
25, 2017, and January 15, 2018. Prior to analysis, each sample was processed by the extraction
method described in Hemming and Hanson, 1994, which was the standard preparation method
for boron isotopic analysis for all samples analyzed in this study. The δ11B result for the May 11,
2016 sample was 20.1‰; whereas the boron isotopic composition of the 2017 and 2018 samples
were 9.0 and 5.9‰, respectively (Table 3.2). This wide variation in isotopic values could not be
explained by the differences in boron concentrations between the AS-14 samples. Subsequently,
the 2017 and 2018 samples were reanalyzed after processing both by extraction and also without
processing by extraction. The results for the samples that were processed were highly variable,
between 2.5 and 9.4‰, whereas the results for the two non-processed samples were 12.9 and
12.1‰ respectively (Table 3.2), with a precision between replicate samples of less than 0.3‰.
The evaluation of the data suggests, for the AS-14 water only, that fractionation was occurring or
some interference matrix was introduced during the extraction process, and the analytical results
of the non-processed samples represent the actual boron composition of this water.
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Table 3.1. Chemical Analyses for Samples Collected for Isotope Analyses
(1) Data from sample collected July 2017
(2) Date from sample collected October 2017
(3) Boron and strontium concentration data from dissolved fraction where available
NA = Not Analyzed
< = Below reporting or detection limit
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
Sample ID Flow Zone Sample Date Sample Type Sample ID Flow Zone Sample Date Sample Type
GW-02 Bedrock 4/11/17 GW 29 2.35 120 200 35.1 3.06 7.69 0.917 130
AS-11 Bedrock 5/9/16 GW 13.4 0.054 102 54 1.42 1.64 64.6 0.232 320 GW-03 Saprolite 4/11/17 GW 78 1.6 89.9 55 35 3.35 16.5 0.944 290
AS-13 Bedrock 5/9/16 GW 7.7 0.063 137 85 1.76 2.53 74.5 0.373 420 MW-05BR Bedrock 4/4/17 GW 21.1 0.439 42.5 7.3 7.26 4.57 22.2 0.275 170
AS-14 Bedrock 5/11/16 GW 113 0.339 114 9.5 13.9 4.46 19.2 0.48 250 MW-05D Transition Zone 4/4/17 GW <5 0.627 31.9 9.3 8.59 2.98 22.6 0.304 170
CCR-103BR Bedrock 4/26/16 GW 41.4(2)0.73 60.2 25 16.6(2)5.12(2)7.66(2)0.307(2)130 MW-06BR Bedrock 4/10/17 GW 34.6 0.128 14.3 3.5 0.406 2.44 19.6 0.033 38
CCR-103D Transition Zone 4/26/16 GW NA 0.822 39.6 23 NA NA NA NA 130 MW-06D Transition Zone 4/10/17 GW 10.4 1.59 36.5 10 10.1 1.71 9.22 0.273 150
MW-22BR Bedrock 4/11/16 GW 20.6 <0.050 11 49 4.39 3.01 16 0.101 19 MW-06S Saprolite 4/10/17 GW 9 1.04 26.9 11 10.7 2.17 14.6 0.174 140
MW-22D Transition Zone 4/11/16 GW <5 <0.050 6.08 35 4.53 1.35 12.7 0.055 11 MW-08S Saprolite 4/7/17 GW 88.7 6.9 187 320 74.3 1.65 13.5 2.54 250
MW-9S Saprolite 1/20/16 GW 39.4 5.56 250 530 84 3.66 17 2.6 290 MW-09BR Bedrock 4/5/17 GW 90.9 2.87 182 410 56.7 13 23.8 1.3 180
SW-100 Surface Water 5/11/16 SW 28 <0.05 7.92 2 2.84 1.22 2.15 0.036 2 MW-09D Transition Zone 4/5/17 GW 29.1 5.24 143 290 54.2 4.18 16.7 1.01 190
SW-101 Spring 5/11/16 GW 10 <0.05 5.42 6.1 2.52 1.25 3.02 0.05 0.86 MW-10 Alluvial 4/11/17 GW 10.9 <0.050 2.67 15 3.06 1.46 6.18 0.028 4.6
SW-102 Surface Water 5/12/16 SW 15.2 <0.05 6.06 6.2 2.53 1.2 3.12 0.055 1.7 MW-16A Alluvial 4/12/17 GW <5 0.639 42.1 110 14 2.49 21.9 0.249 47
SW-103 Spring 5/13/16 GW 6.5 <0.05 1.38 1 0.726 0.84 1.28 0.016 0.54 MW-16BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 7.2 0.181 22.7 150 5.16 3.19 21.7 0.288 41
MW-18BR Bedrock 4/6/17 GW 34.2 1 126 120 27.4 9.18 14.4 0.422 380
25 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 60.7 <0.002 12.7 0.62 0.799 2.13 12.6 0.075 5.3 MW-18BRL Bedrock 4/6/17 GW 63.6 <0.050 90 7.3 4.39 6.81 38.5 0.315 340
42 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 11.1 <0.002 2.31 1.5 0.841 0.927 2.23 0.026 0.62 MW-18D Transition Zone 4/6/17 GW 28.8 0.961 125 130 30.7 7.88 13.7 0.298 380
44 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 10.1 0.00411 14 7 0.896 1.78 4.34 0.03 26 MW-20A Alluvial 4/7/17 GW 50.3 0.681 54.7 27 23.2 5.28 16.5 0.324 220
8 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW <5 <0.002 1.47 2.6 0.975 0.876 2.06 0.017 0.53 MW-24S Saprolite 4/12/17 GW 8 <0.050 3.16 13 3.64 1.61 3.54 0.037 0.52
AMW-01B Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 52.2 0.396 45.9 9.8 2.32 1.98 21.2 0.083 120 SW-06 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 25.2 0.00706 7.24 7.2 NA NA N/A 0.032 2.6
AMW-03B Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 35.6 <0.050 6.87 0.46 2 1.69 5.39 0.064 1.1 SWFBR-1 Surface Water 4/19/17 SW 10.2 0.0102 2.65 2.5 NA NA NA 0.018 1.8
AS-11 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW 14.8 0.051 123 60 1.77 1.76 69.1 0.257 350 SWFBR-2 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 9.8 0.0072 2.74 2.3 NA NA NA 0.018 1.9
AS-13 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW 10.2 0.063 148 88 2.17 2.48 70 0.369 420 SWFBR-3 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 9.9 0.00838 2.84 2.4 NA NA NA 0.018 2.3
AS-14 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW 131 0.301 160 8.8 17.7 4.79 19.3 0.613 380 SWFBR-4 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 9.8 0.00872 2.9 2.6 NA NA NA 0.019 2.2
AS-17 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW 32.8 <.050 5.88 0.56 1.58 2.49 5.44 0.063 6.3 SWLJ-1 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 18.8 0.0186 4.72 11 NA NA NA 0.031 4.2
AS-20 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW 65 0.089 53.2 11 5.36 3.73 16.6 0.249 120
AS-7 Spring 10/25/2017 GW 6.4 <.050 1.29 1.5 0.481 0.615 1.45 0.014 0.7 AS-14 Bedrock 1/15/2018 N/A N/A 0.330 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
AS-9 Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 57.8 <0.002 14.4 1.6 1.66 2.2 8.88 0.062 4.3 AS-5 BR Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW <5 <0.050 43.3 6.2 <0.1 632 341 1.790 19
AVL Rain Rain Water 4/19/17 Precip N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A AS-5 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW 126 <0.050 29.2 11.0 1.6 39 57.9 0.502 37
CB-01 Saprolite 4/4/17 GW <5 <0.050 0.023 1.2 0.342 0.36 0.832 <.005 0.55 MW- 26 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW 91.1 0.676 76.3 33.0 7.6 16.8 21.8 0.521 150
CB-01D Transition Zone 4/4/17 GW 5.9 <0.050 0.982 0.87 0.7 0.628 1.88 0.011 2.6 MW-15 BRL Bedrock 1/8/2018 GW 113 <0.050 24.7 11.0 3.59 6.07 21.5 0.261 5.4
CB-04B Bedrock 4/4/17 GW 37 <0.050 21.5 6.4 4.08 5.41 13.1 0.126 54 MW-16 D Transition Zone 1/9/2018 GW <5 0.458 22.5 110.0 9.06 3.59 21.5 0.252 56
CB-05 Alluvial 4/6/17 GW 11 0.275 13.8 32 8.06 1.12 27.6 0.064 140 MW-16BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW 5.5 0.851 31.7 120.0 9.84 4.19 12.9 0.280 53
CB-09 Saprolite 4/4/17 GW <5 <0.050 0.473 6.9 0.977 0.734 4.03 0.007 0.39 MW-17BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW 132 0.430 299.0 46.0 37.3 7.33 35.5 0.551 730
CB-09BR Bedrock 4/4/17 GW 31.7 <0.050 8.57 6.5 3 2.18 3.44 0.059 1.1 MW-20 BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW N/A 0.273 212.0 11.0 60.0 6.290 13.9 0.882 800
CB-09SL Saprolite 4/4/17 GW 15.4 <0.050 3.61 6.6 1.88 1.43 3.8 0.029 0.26 MW-25 BR Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW 87.4 0.983 97.4 140.0 29.7 11 31.2 0.427 160
CCR-101BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 27.7(1)4.73 173 310 53.3 5.41 12.5 0.652(1)180 MW-25 BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW 137 0.661 200.0 89.0 39.7 12.4 46 0.741 470
CCR-102D Transition Zone 4/7/17 GW 102(1)6.3 208 330 69.2 2.69 13.1 2.67(1)250 MW-25 S Saprolite 1/9/2018 GW 12.1 2.060 115.0 210.0 33.1 6.02 7.79 0.219 140
CCR-102S Saprolite 4/7/17 GW 125(1)8.32 243 420 91.1 1.04 19.3 3.67(1)280 MW-26 S Saprolite 1/10/2018 GW 25.1 0.819 83.4 58.0 20.4 7.48 42 0.567 350
EXT-01 Bedrock 4/13/17 GW 132 14.5 327 710 143 4.72 25.5 4.86 370 PZ-17 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW 123 0.779 55.8 8.8 7.8 8.6 29.8 0.398 120
GW-01 Saprolite 4/4/17 GW 5.7 <0.050 9.1 8.4 6.64 0.654 1.65 <.005 34
GW-01BR Bedrock 4/10/17 GW 65.2 <0.050 17 1.5 3.38 3.66 7.47 0.087 4.5
GW-01D Transition Zone 4/10/17 GW 6.5 <0.050 1.96 5.8 1.98 1.21 2.58 0.026 2.5
2018
KCaClMg
Reporting Units
Mg K Na Sr(3)
2016
2017
SO₄Analysis
HCO3 as
CaCO3NaSr(3)SO₄B(3)Ca ClAnalysis
HCO3 as
CaCO3 B(3)
Reporting Units
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Table 3.2. Isotope Analyses for all Samples Collected
NA = Not analyzed due to insufficient mass of element
NR = Analyzed but no result-stable signal not obtained due to insufficient mass of element
NS = Analysis not scheduled
GW = Groundwater, SW = Surface water, Precip = precipitation
TU ‰‰‰‰ratio TU ‰‰‰‰ratio
Sample ID Flow Zone Sample Date Sample Type Sample ID Flow Zone Sample Date Sample Type
GW-02 Bedrock 4/11/17 GW 4.2 -2.5 -18.6 15.8 8.1 0.713115
AS-11 Bedrock 5/9/16 GW NS -5.1 -32.5 21.0 6.0 0.724954 GW-03 Saprolite 4/11/17 GW 5.2 -3.6 -23.4 -2.7 7.1 0.712245
AS-13 Bedrock 5/9/16 GW NS -5.1 -32.8 20.8 5.4 0.724266 MW-05BR Bedrock 4/13/17 GW 4.3 -5.0 -30.2 8.5 -4.5 0.719263
AS-14 Bedrock 5/11/16 GW NS -2.2 -21.9 20.1 7.0 0.724932 MW-05D Transition Zone 4/13/17 GW 4.5 -3.8 -24.4 12.6 7.2 0.722531
CCR-103BR Bedrock 4/26/16 GW NS -1.9 -18.8 -14.3 5.7 0.719279 MW-06BR Bedrock 4/10/17 GW 1.1 -5.4 -32.6 19.5 12.7 0.720120
CCR-103D Transition Zone 4/26/16 GW NS -1.6 -17.4 -17.2 6.0 0.715190 MW-06D Transition Zone 4/10/17 GW 4.3 -1.6 -14.8 2.6 8.9 0.714367
MW-22BR Bedrock 4/11/16 GW NS -6.0 -37.5 NA 8.1 0.723217 MW-06S Saprolite 4/10/17 GW 4.5 -1.3 -14.0 2.2 7.9 0.714371
MW-22D Transition Zone 4/11/16 GW NS -6.6 -41.1 NA 5.4 0.723217 MW-08S Saprolite 4/7/17 GW 4.1 -2.4 -18.9 2.1 7.3 0.711332
MW-9S Saprolite 1/20/16 GW NS -2.5 -24.4 5.7 8.2 0.711674 MW-09BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 3.9 -2.6 -20.8 20.5 8.7 0.724034
SW-100 Surface Water 5/11/16 SW NS -4.6 -29.6 NA 10.0 0.720808 MW-09D Transition Zone 4/12/17 GW 3.9 -3.4 -24.2 3.5 7.4 0.712884
SW-101 Spring 5/11/16 GW NS -6.0 -36.4 NA NA 0.722185 MW-10 Alluvial 4/11/17 GW 4.2 -6.0 -33.7 27.4 10.1 0.721444
SW-102 Surface Water 5/12/16 SW NS -5.9 -34.3 NA NA 0.715707 MW-16A Alluvial 4/12/17 GW 5.2 -4.5 -27.6 27.2 8.8 0.718518
SW-103 Spring 5/13/16 GW NS -6.0 -35.9 NA NA 0.717428 MW-16BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 4.4 -5.2 -29.9 33.8 9.1 0.719964
MW-18BR Bedrock 4/6/17 GW 4.5 -2.8 -20.1 -1.2 4.8 0.726734
25 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 1.2 -6.8 -38.6 36.2 NA 0.722283 MW-18BRL Bedrock 4/6/17 GW 1.7 -5.6 -34.6 16.4 4.9 0.722831
42 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 4.4 -5.9 -32.9 40.9 NA 0.719626 MW-18D Transition Zone 4/6/17 GW 4.5 -3.0 -20.7 -1.9 4.8 0.722895
44 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 3.5 -6.2 -34.4 25.3 6.9 0.726909 MW-20A Alluvial 4/7/17 GW 5.0 -2.0 -13.3 6.1 8.3 0.718881
8 HOYT Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 4.3 -6.0 -33.0 29.3 NA 0.724107 MW-24S Saprolite 4/12/17 GW 4.4 -6.1 -35.5 NR NA 0.721924
AMW-01B Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 3.7 -3.3 -21.1 8.4 10.1 0.726668 SW-06 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 5.0 -4.9 -24.8 19.5 10.2 0.718253
AMW-03B Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 5.7 -6.4 -37.5 25.2 NA 0.726005 SWFBR-1 Surface Water 4/19/17 SW 4.9 -5.8 -29.5 19.5 7.9 0.716849
AS-11 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS -5.1 -32.6 19.1 5.4 0.724900 SWFBR-2 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 5.0 -5.9 -28.7 25.1 8.2 0.716809
AS-13 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS -5.0 -32.2 20.7 3.6 0.724341 SWFBR-3 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 3.7 -5.7 -29.0 26.8 7.9 0.716895
AS-14 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS -2.5 -21.9 12.9 5.7 0.724548 SWFBR-4 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 3.8 -5.8 -28.9 19.5 6.6 0.716706
AS-17 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS -6.6 -37.3 37.7 -1.0 0.730098 SWLJ-1 Surface Water 4/18/17 SW 5.5 -1.0 -10.2 35.4 6.7 0.718267
AS-20 Bedrock 10/25/2017 GW NS -5.2 -33.5 13.8 5.9 0.725125
AS-7 Spring 10/25/2017 GW NS -6.0 -35.5 40.8 9.2 0.721312 AS-14 Bedrock 1/15/2018 GW NS NS NS 12.1 NS NS
AS-9 Bedrock 5/5/17 GW 1.9 -6.3 -37.0 29.2 14.9 0.722669 AS-5 BR Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS -5.5 -33.7 NR NA 0.709440
AVL Rain Rain Water 4/19/17 Precip NS -2.7 -0.7 NS NS NS AS-5 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS -6.3 -36.8 29.1 4.2 0.711224
CB-01 Saprolite 4/13/17 GW 4.3 -5.9 -31.8 35.4 NA NA MW- 26 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS -5.3 -29.3 NR NA 0.715698
CB-01D Transition Zone 4/13/17 GW 4.5 -6.2 -34.1 NR 4.6 0.722277 MW-15 BRL Bedrock 1/8/2018 GW NS -4.8 -27.4 25.0 8.2 0.719172
CB-04B Bedrock 4/13/17 GW 4.0 -2.9 -21.7 21.6 NA NA MW-16 D Transition Zone 1/9/2018 GW NS -4.3 -25.0 19.2 4.5 0.720026
CB-05 Alluvial 4/6/17 GW 4.7 -3.9 -23.7 11.7 9.6 0.720726 MW-16BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS -4.3 -25.9 5.8 3.4 0.719383
CB-09 Saprolite 4/13/17 GW 3.6 -3.3 -20.8 NR NA 0.718069 MW-17BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS -3.0 -20.2 -2.8 2.4 0.721659
CB-09BR Bedrock 4/13/17 GW 5.4 -2.4 -18.2 38.7 NA 0.726453 MW-20 BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS -2.9 -20.1 -1.4 4.8 0.720337
CB-09SL Saprolite 4/13/17 GW 4.4 -2.8 -19.3 25.7 NA 0.718057 MW-25 BR Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS -3.7 -23.8 5.8 2.1 0.719515
CCR-101BR Bedrock 4/12/17 GW 4.0 -3.4 -22.9 2.5 7.4 0.717105 MW-25 BRL Bedrock 1/9/2018 GW NS -2.6 -18.4 7.3 5.9 0.717942
CCR-102D Transition Zone 4/7/17 GW 4.9 -2.1 -18.4 1.5 7.3 0.711546 MW-25 S Saprolite 1/9/2018 GW NS -3.7 -23.6 6.0 5.8 0.715693
CCR-102S Saprolite 4/7/17 GW 3.8 -2.5 -19.4 -0.5 7.1 0.711245 MW-26 S Saprolite 1/10/2018 GW NS -4.7 -25.7 -2.8 -0.3 0.714137
EXT-01 Bedrock 4/13/17 GW 4.4 -1.8 -17.5 -2.9 7.0 0.711272 PZ-17 BRL Bedrock 1/10/2018 GW NS -4.8 -29.6 3.1 7.3 0.723172
GW-01 Saprolite 4/10/17 GW 3.8 -3.0 -21.2 38.6 3.9 NA
GW-01BR Bedrock 4/10/17 GW 5.7 -6.1 -35.7 34.6 7.9 0.725721
GW-01D Transition Zone 4/10/17 GW 4.5 -2.9 -20.9 34.5 5.9 0.722078
d18O dD d11B
2018
2017
87Sr/86SrdD
2016
d11B d34SAnalysis3Hd18O
Reporting Units Reporting Units
d34S 87Sr/86SrAnalysis3H
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4.0 DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
Off-site groundwater impacts have been previously identified west of the 1964 ash basin
(SynTerra, 2015). The primary focus of this chemical and isotopic evaluation is to assess potential
groundwater impacts west of the FBR. Because previous studies indicate the FBR and its
tributaries are groundwater discharge zones for water moving through the surficial, transition
zone, and upper bedrock, with the FBR creating a hydraulic boundary west of the Site (SynTerra,
2015), chemical and isotopic evaluation is focused primarily on bedrock groundwater data.
Groundwater chemical and isotopic data were also used to evaluate potential groundwater
impacts to the south of the Site, and to the FBR itself.
4.1 Isotopic and Chemical Composition of Bedrock Groundwater
4.1.1 Water Sources
There is a noticeable variability in the chemical and isotopic composition of samples among wells
(Tables 3.1 and 3.2). These differences can be attributed to mixing of different water sources, or
contribution of solute to groundwater by reactions with the aquifer matrix. East and northeast of
the Site, the presence of Lake Julian creates a well-defined hydrologic gradient towards the west.
Bedrock groundwater from upgradient of the Site is assumed to represent the native bedrock
groundwater source water into the Site; bedrock wells upgradient of the Site, including AMW-03B,
CB-09BR, and GW-01BR, are characterized by overall low dissolved ion concentrations, including
boron concentrations below analytical detection limits (Table 3.1). Samples from wells selected
to represent CCR source area conditions, collected from downgradient of the 1964 Ash Basin,
are designated with the CCR and EXT prefixes (Table 2.1). These wells are characterized by
higher overall ion concentrations, especially notable are boron concentrations ranging from 0.73
to 14.5 mg/L (Table 3.1), and are considered to represent a second source of water. Differences
between the upgradient and CCR sources are clearly illustrated by the Piper Diagram in Figure
4.1. A Piper Diagram is a graphical representation of the chemistry of a water sample or samples,
plotting major cation and anion concentrations as a percent milliequivalent (% meq) per volume.
Cations and anions are shown by separate ternary plots; the two ternary plots are then projected
onto a diamond plot, which is a matrix transformation of a graph of the anions and cations. As
shown on Figure 4.1, CCR source groundwater is a clearly distinct water type compared to
upgradient groundwater. CCR source groundwater is represented by Ca-Mg-SO4 or Ca-Mg-Cl
water types whereas the upgradient bedrock is a Ca-Na-HCO3 water type.
Figure 4.1 also plots data from bedrock wells located west of the FBR. The hydrogeology of the
region west of the FBR is poorly understood. There may be bedrock groundwater flow from the
east or there may also be local or regional groundwater recharge areas west of the FBR that have
not be accounted for at this stage of the site characterization. Figure 4.1 shows water from the
wells west of the FBR of two major water types. Some wells (e.g. AS-07, AS-09, AS-17, 25 Hoyt,
and 42 Hoyt) are of Ca-Na-HCO3 water types and have similar major ion composition to the Site
upgradient wells. Wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, AS-20, and 44 Hoyt, in contrast, are a Ca-SO4
water type.
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Figure 4.1. Piper diagrams of CCR source and bedrock groundwater samples at the
Asheville Site
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As would be expected, CCR derived groundwater will be variable in composition as the result of
many factors related to the source of the coal and the type of combustion byproduct stored in the
ash basins. This variability in chemical composition among CCR sources contributes to the
uncertainly when using chemical composition alone in evaluating the presence or absence of
CCR leachate as a contributor of contamination to groundwater at a site. Furthermore, essentially
all monitored constituents, such as those on the Appendix III in the CCR Rule list (EPA, 2015) are
constituents that are naturally occurring in groundwater. Consequently, even though general
chemical compositions are clearly different for endmember compositions, as well as for aquifers,
for any given monitoring well sample, differentiation of sources is more difficult with concentration
data alone. An independent indicator such as the stable isotope value of these same key
constituents can provide the differentiation that is needed. For many samples, the stable isotope
values of key constituents such as B, S, Sr, H, and O become useful discriminators of water and
solute sources.
Groundwater at a particular location generally derives its naturally occurring B and Sr
concentrations and consequently the isotopic signatures from: 1) the dissolution of weathered
rocks in the recharge area, 2) dissolution of soluble minerals in the aquifer matrix, and 3) from
mixing with water from other sources (Bassett, 1990). Dissolved B is chemically conservative with
no participation in redox reactions or precipitation since most borates are highly soluble. Thus,
dissolved B with its attendant δ11B should migrate and mix as a relatively unreactive constituent
maintaining the source signatures. Similarly, strontium is present in concentrations well below the
solubility limit for common strontium minerals (e.g., SrCO3, SrSO4) and should not be affected by
changing redox conditions.
Isotopic distinctions between samples of CCR, upgradient, and for wells west of FBR can be
illustrated using cross plots of isotopic data (δ11B versus 87Sr/86Sr, Figure 4.2) and can be further
illustrated using plots of element concentration versus isotopic composition (Figure 4.3). Boron
concentrations in CCR wells range from 0.73 to 14.5 mg/L (Table 3.1), whereas all upgradient
and west of FBR bedrock boron concentrations are less than 0.01 mg/l, with the exception of AS-
14, which has boron concentration of 0.3 mg/L (Table 3.1). Strontium concentrations of CCR wells
exceed 0.6 mg/L, whereas Sr concentrations in upgradient wells are less than 0.1 mg/L. Boron
and Sr isotopic values in CCR water range from -17.2 to 2.5‰ and 0.7112 to 0.7193, respectively;
whereas upgradient and west of FBR, the bedrock groundwater have a δ11B range of 12.7 to
40.8‰, and Sr ratios from 0.7196 to 0.7301.
The boron and strontium cross-plot (Figure 4.2) and boron and strontium isotopic composition
plots (Figure 4.3) show clear distinctions between isotopic signatures of water from CCR wells
compared to the bedrock groundwater upgradient or wells from west of FBR, with water from CCR
wells are clearly lighter isotopically as well as having high concentrations of both boron and
strontium compared to upgradient or west of FBR wells.
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Figure 4.2. Cross-plot of δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr showing CCR, upgradient and
west FBR well data
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Figure 4.3. δ11B vs. B concentration (upper) and 87Sr/86Sr vs. Sr concentration (lower),
CCR, upgradient and west FBR well data
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Figure 4.4 provides a cross-plot of δ11B and δ34S. As with the boron and strontium isotopic data,
CCR wells show a distinct and well constrained isotopic signature, with δ34S values that range
from 5.7 to 7.3‰. Limited upgradient well isotopic data show a larger range of δ34S values from
3.9 to 7.9‰ than is seen among CCR wells, the range is even greater (-1.0 to 14.9) among wells
west of the FBR. The more narrowly constrained values of δ34S for CCR water samples could be
explained by numerous mineral and process sources, e.g. pyrite and other sulfide phases in coal
that were oxidized and accumulated in the combustion waste, calcium sulfate waste material, etc.
The mineral composition of the solid waste material has not been characterized for this project,
but this is less important at this point in the study. The important observation is that the CCR
waste leachate represents an integration of sulfur source material that yields a relatively narrow
range of values as shown in Figure 4.4. The wide range of sulfur isotopic signatures in bedrock
groundwater may be attributed to variability in host rock sulfide mineralization and subsequent
oxidation of these phases as they are exposed to oxygenated groundwater in fractures or in the
shallow aquifer and soil zones. Many wells west of FBR are completed over large depth intervals
(between 300 and 800 feet) which include shallow oxidizing zones. Pyrite was commonly
identified in bedrock at the Site (Synterra, 2015), however, borehole data at the Site show varying
degrees of pyrite mineralization by depth and spatial location. As opposed to the more universal
oxygenated conditions in the surficial aquifer, redox conditions in the bedrock may range from
reducing to oxidized, with oxidized conditions occurring along fracture zones. The variability in
isotopic signature seen in any bedrock groundwater well west of the FBR may be due to a
combination of both the amount and spatial distribution of pyrite mineralization, as well as the
extent of oxidation and even subsequent reduction in some portions of the shallow aquifer that
are produced along with the deeper aquifer from long sections of open hole well completions.
Figure 4.4. Cross-plot of δ11B and δ34S showing CCR, upgradient and west FBR well data
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Figure 4.5 is a plot of SO4 and Cl values in CCR, upgradient, and wells west of the FBR. The
bedrock groundwater in the upgradient and several wells west of FBR are characterized by low
concentrations of both SO4 and Cl; this is distinct from the CCR related water, which has much
higher SO4 concentrations and also displays a wide range of Cl concentrations (23 to 710 mg/L).
High Cl values may be associated with treated water suppling constructed wetlands near the
northwest corner of the 1964 ash basin. Lower Cl values are seen in the CCR 103 wells, which
are southwest of the constructed wetlands area. Wells west of the FBR show a wide range of
SO4, from less than 1 to 450 mg/L. This is likely due to varying degrees of sulfide mineral
oxidation.
Figure 4.5. Plot of SO4 and Cl concentrations showing CCR, upgradient and
west of FBR well data
The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O are analyzed for many applications in hydrology,
among them are to obtain: 1) information regarding the origin of the groundwater at a specific
locale, and 2) evidence that physical processes such as evaporation might have occurred which
would provide additional methods of discrimination among aquifers. These δD and δ18O data for
CCR, upgradient, and west of FBR wells are shown in Figure 4.6, forming two distinct groups.
Most of the upgradient wells and bedrock wells west of the FBR align primarily along the GMWL
with δD ranging from -38.6 to -32.2‰ and δ18O ranging from -6.8 to -5.0‰. A second group of
water samples are more enriched in both δD and δ18O, with δD ranging from 22.9 to 17.4 and δ18O
ranging from -3.4 to -1.6. These more enriched samples include CCR water, upgradient
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groundwater from CB-09 and GW-01 wells, and AS-14. These waters are also enriched
isotopically relative to the GMWL, which is indicative of fractionation due to evaporation. It is likely
significant recharge to the upgradient bedrock wells is from infiltration of water from Lake Julian;
the enriched isotopic values in the upgradient bedrock wells may represent a mix of meteoric δD
and δ18O (likely from regional bedrock groundwater flow) and Lake Julian infiltration, as shown by
the mixing arrow on Figure 4.6. Isotopic fractionation of meteoric water within the ash basins
before infiltration is also likely to occur, this will impart a similar but slightly more enriched isotopic
signature to the groundwater system, resulting in the modification of initial meteoric water
signature seen in the CCR data. It is also noteworthy that AS-14 shows an enriched isotopic
signature of δD and δ18O not seen in other west of FBR wells, including wells AS-11, AS-13, and
AS-20 which are located in the general vicinity of AS-14.
Figure 4.6. The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O of CCR, upgradient, and west of
FBR well water. Arrow shows generalized mixing trend from meteoric water to water
modified by evaporation.
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Based on an evaluation of B, Sr, and S isotopes, as well as major ion data, including Cl and SO4,
CCR related source water appears to be distinct from the bedrock groundwater of both the
upgradient and west of the FBR wells. A wide range of SO4 concentrations and sulfur isotopic
composition in upgradient wells and wells west of FBR suggests SO4 sources dependent on
mineral origin, and the subsequent oxidation of sulfide minerals. Most of the upgradient wells and
wells west of the FBR represent water that has not been modified significantly from the initial
meteoric water signature. Water from upgradient wells immediately downgradient of Lake Julian,
as well as CCR well water, show effects of fractionation from evaporation. Bedrock groundwater
west of the FBR, water from AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-20 are all of a Ca-SO4 water type,
distinct from the Ca-Na-HCO3 water found in other wells west of the FBR. The B, Sr, and S isotopic
composition of water from AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-20 is somewhat different compared to
other water from other wells west of the FBR, but is distinct from CCR well water. Water from AS-
14, however, has a hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition suggesting effects of fractionation
from evaporation, whereas modification from the initial meteoric water signature is not evident in
AS-11, AS-13, and AS-20.
4.1.2 Downgradient Wells
Isotopic and major ion composition of groundwater from CCR, upgradient, and west of FBR wells
was compared to that of wells downgradient of the ash basins. In this evaluation, downgradient
wells are those west of Interstate 26 and east of the FBR (Figure 1.2), and include bedrock wells
at MW-15, MW-16, MW-17, MW-18, NW-20, MW-22, MW-25, and MW-26. Well PZ-17BR,
immediately adjacent to the southwest corner of the 1964 ash basin, is also included in the
discussion here. The location of well PZ-17BR immediately adjacent to the 1964 ash basin allow
it to be evaluated as potential source as well as downgradient well. These wells were evaluated
because: 1) they potentially contain bedrock groundwater impacted by CCR related water, and 2)
would represent potential bedrock groundwater endmember composition upgradient of any
bedrock flow under and west of the FBR. Water from MW-15BRL, to the northwest of the Site, is
of Ca-Na-HCO3 water type which has low major ion concentrations (Table 3.1). Water from wells
MW-16BR, MW-16BRL, and MW-22BR are of Ca-Mg-Cl types, whereas the remaining
downgradient wells are of Ca-Mg, SO4 type.
Mixing between endmember components can be specifically examined for each isotope system
by plotting both the concentration and isotopic value of each constituent of interest. Mixing using
isotope data results in a hyperbolic curve (Davidson and Bassett, 1993) because the mixed
isotopic value is based on the mass of B in the mixed sample, which is a different proportion of
the original samples than the mixing of concentrations which are based on volumes. These
computed plot lines are difficult to compare with data, so the mixing lines can be linearized by
plotting the inverse of the concentration. The data would then display a liner mixing trend between
populations if mixing has occurred.
A plot of δ11B versus the inverse of B concentration (Figure 4.7) would suggest potential mixing
between CCR and upgradient endmembers in downgradient wells such as MW-20BRL, MW-
17BRL, MW-25BRL, MW-26BRL, and PZ-17BRL, as well as west of FBR wells AS-14, AS-11,
AS-13, and AS-20. However, the enriched isotopic signature of Sr presented on Figure 4.8
(87Sr/86Sr versus the inverse of Sr concentration) is not consistent with potential mixing between
source and upgradient endmembers. This is an important distinction, given that mixing of
dissolved fraction of chemically conservative elements from two endmembers would result in
intermediate values of both concentration and isotopic composition between the end members,
and should be evident in both the B and Sr data.
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Instead of using CCR water data and upgradient well data as mixing endmembers, potential
mixing was evaluated using data from well PZ-17BRL, which is adjacent to the southwest corner
of the 1964 ash basin, in place of CCR water data for one endmember. In this evaluation, west of
FBR wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-20 appear to generally lie along a mixing line between
PZ-17BRL and upgradient wells when evaluating B data. In evaluating Sr data, however, AS-14
does not lie along the mixing line between PZ-17BRL and upgradient wells.
Also, if mixing is occurring, the proportions of mixing in any given well can be approximated by its
position along a mixing line, and in mixing, the proportions should be similar using either B or Sr
data. On Figure 4.7, in any mixing scenario shown, AS-14 would appear to be composed of lesser
proportions of upgradient groundwater as compared to, for example AS-11 and AS-13, which
have similar proportions. In evaluating potential mixing scenarios using Sr data (Figure 4.8)
however, would yield significantly different mixing proportions in AS-11, AS-13, or AS-14 when
compared to the B data. When mixing between PZ-17BRL and upgradient is evaluated using B
data, AS-11 and AS-13 appear to have similar mixing proportions, whereas using Sr data it would
appear the two wells have distinctly different proportions (Figure 4.8), while AS-14 do not even lie
along a Sr mixing line.
Mixing of water between two endmembers, therefore, should be reflected similarly on different
element concentration versus isotopic composition plots. Inconsistencies between the data as
shown on the plots would suggest that additional sources of water are contributing to the
composition of the “mixed” water. The B and Sr isotopic cross-plot (Figure 4.9) demonstrates this
potential for an additional groundwater source water at MW-16BR, MW-16BRL, and MW-18BRL
as well as AS-14.
As with the upgradient and west of the FBR bedrock groundwater, there is a wide range of δ34S
(2.1 to 9.1‰) in downgradient wells (Figure 4.10) and, as with numerous wells west of the FBR,
several bedrock wells (MW-20BRL, MW-17BRL, MW-25BRL, MW-18BR, and MW-18BRL) have
higher SO4 concentrations (340 to 800 mg/L) (Figure 4.11). The high SO4 concentrations seen in
these downgradient wells contrast with lower SO4 concentrations seen in wells immediately
adjacent to the CCR boundary, such as CCR-103BR (130 mg/L) or PZ-17BRL (120 mg/L). The
large difference in SO4 concentrations over relatively short spatial distances between wells
(<1000 feet) are either indicative of significant sulfide oxidation, relatively slow groundwater
velocity, and/or mixing from an unknown bedrock groundwater source. The large variability in
isotopic signature in the downgradient wells may be also be due to a combination of both the
amount and spatial distribution of pyrite mineralization, as well as the extent of oxidation, or
potential mixing with another bedrock groundwater.
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Figure 4.7. δ11B vs B concentration, showing CCR, upgradient, west FBR well, and
downgradient well data. Arrow shows several potential mixing scenarios.
Figure 4.8. 87Sr/86Sr vs Sr concentration, showing CCR, upgradient, west FBR well, and
downgradient well data. Arrows show potential mixing scenarios.
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Figure 4.9. Cross-plot of δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr showing CCR, upgradient, west FBR well, and
downgradient well data
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Figure 4.10. Cross-plot of δ11B and δ34S showing CCR, upgradient, west of FBR, and
downgradient well data
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Figure 4.11. Plot of SO4 and Cl concentrations showing CCR, upgradient, west of FBR,
and downgradient well data
Plotting δD and δ18O show that downgradient wells in general align primarily along the GMWL
(Figure 4.12), but a few, including MW-18BR, MW-20BRL, and MW-25BR (Figure 4.12) show
similar enriched δD and δ18O values as seen in upgradient groundwater at CB-09 and GW-01.
The isotopic composition in these downgradient wells are potentially due to a mix of meteoric δD
and δ18O (likely from regional bedrock groundwater flow), Lake Julian infiltration, and/or water
infiltrated from the ash basins. Note the isotopic composition of these downgradient wells fall
within range of composition seen in upgradient and CCR wells. AS-14, however, which is the only
well west of FBR with enriched δD and δ18O values, has a δD and δ18O composition which falls
outside of the range of enrichment seen in upgradient and CCR wells (Figure 4.12), suggesting
another groundwater source and/or evaporation process is affecting groundwater at AS-14.
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Figure 4.12. The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O of CCR, upgradient, west of FBR,
and downgradient well water. Arrows show potential evaporation trends.
Evaluating specific, individual element (e.g., boron only) from data of wells downgradient of the
Site could indicate CCR impacts to the bedrock groundwater system. But inconsistencies occur
when comparing multiple chemical and isotopic systems (e.g., boron and strontium). Boron
concentration and isotopic data would suggest a mix of upgradient bedrock groundwater with
CCR-derived water in downgradient wells, as well as in west of FBR wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14,
and AS-20, although with different proportions of mixing of waters (Figure 4.7). Strontium data,
however, are inconsistent with boron data, indicating a potential additional groundwater source in
wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-20 (Figure 4.8), as well as downgradient wells MW-20BRL
and PZ-17BRL. Boron isotopic data would suggest mixing between downgradient bedrock
groundwater (e.g., MW-PZ-17BRL) and upgradient bedrock groundwater in west of FBR wells
AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-20, with larger and similar proportions of upgradient water in AS-
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11 and AS-13 than in AS-14 (Figure 4.7). AS-14, however, does not lie along the potential mixing
line between PZ-17BRL and upgradient well water, and well AS-11 would have a distinctly
different proportion of endmember water the AS-13, which is not seen in the B data. This
inconsistency in potential mixing and mixing proportion between B and Sr data would indicate
sources of water that are contributing to the composition in wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-
20 are not limited to sources represented by the downgradient and upgradient well data.
Reviewing δD and δ18O data, several downgradient wells, including MW-18BR, MW-20BRL, MW-
25BR, MW-25BRL, and MW-26BRL show enriched isotopic signatures that would suggest a mix
groundwater with a meteoric isotopic signature and enriched upgradient bedrock groundwater
and/or ash basin infiltration water. Among west of FBR wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14, and AS-20,
only AS-14 has an enriched δD and δ18O signature. The δD and δ18O composition of AS-14,
however, falls outside the range of composition seen in CCR or downgradient wells (Figure 4.12),
again implying another groundwater source and/or evaporation process is affecting groundwater
at AS-14.
Numerous bedrock groundwater wells downgradient of the Site, including MW-20BR and MW-
25BR, have B, Sr, H, and O isotopic compositions similar to that of CCR well water, but have a
significantly more depleted S isotopic signature. While the B, Sr, H, and O isotopic values would
suggest some CCR impact, the S isotopes suggest either a second water source or significant
sulfide mineral oxidation in the distance between the ash basins and downgradient well locations.
Other downgradient bedrock wells, including MW-16BR, MW-16BRL and MW-18BRL, have
distinctly different B, Sr, and S, as well as H and O, isotopic values than CCR water, indicating
potential additional groundwater source. Well MW-18BR, while having enriched δD (-20.1‰) and
δ18O (-2.1‰) values, has a clearly different B, Sr, and S isotopic composition than that of CCR
water (Figures 4.7 and 4.8), suggesting the enriched δD and δ18O values at this well is derived
primarily from upgradient water sources. As also seen in upgradient and west of FBR wells, the
wide range of SO4 concentrations and sulfur isotopic composition in suggest the downgradient
wells are affected by waters from sources with varying degrees of oxidation of sulfide minerals.
4.1.3 Age Dating
Tritium was measured in samples collected in April and May 2017 based on the assumption that
it might be able to differentiate between groundwater composed of “recent or modern” recharge
and groundwater that is “older.” The use of the term “recent groundwater” in regard to 3H implies
it was recharged during the age of nuclear testing and consequently would include any CCR
leachate into the bedrock groundwater.
Tritium was measurable in all samples (Table 3.2), which suggests a modern recharge water.
Tritium in CCR wells range from 3.8 to 4.9 TU, essentially undifferentiable from upgradient
bedrock groundwater which has a range of 5.4 to 5.7 TU (Table 3.2). Downgradient bedrock
groundwater 3H range from 1.7 to 4.5 TU and west of FBR bedrock 1.2 to 4.3 TU, the slightly
lower values indicating a mix of “modern” and older groundwater. These minor differences would
not be considered significant. All samples measured have been influenced by post-nuclear testing
and should be classified at this point as modern water.
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4.1.4 French Broad River
Isotopic analysis was performed on four French Broad River samples, SWFBR-1 through
SWFBR-4 (Table 3.2), to evaluate potential impacts of CCR on river water composition. Sample
location SWFBR-1 is located upstream of the Site, SWFBR-2 and SWFBR -3 adjacent to the Site,
and SWFBR is located downstream of the Site. Boron isotopic values range from 19.5‰
(SWFBR-1 and SWBR-4) to 26.8‰ (SWFBR-3). These values are within the range of values seen
in upgradient and west of FBR wells (Figure 4.2). Strontium isotopic ratios (0.716706 to 0.716895)
in FBR samples are lighter than ratios seen in upgradient and west of FBR wells and are within
the range of CCR water, as with δ11B there is no significant change in the 87Sr/86Sr from the
upstream to downstream locations, indicating that CCR-derived water is not impacting the FBR.
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5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions
• CCR source and upgradient bedrock groundwater are compositionally different water
types and have distinctly different and well constrained B, Sr, and S isotopic compositions.
o CCR groundwater samples are represented by Ca-Mg-SO4 or Ca-Mg-Cl water
types, whereas the upgradient bedrock groundwater is a Ca-Na-HCO3 water type.
o The boron concentrations in CCR samples collected from wells completed
adjacent to the ash basins range from 0.73 to 14.5 mg/L B. In contrast, all the
upgradient wells have boron concentrations less than the analytical detection limit.
Similarly, Sr and SO4 concentrations in upgradient wells are significantly lower than
in CCR samples.
o The δ11B composition for the CCR samples is distinctively depleted, with values of
δ11B from –17.2 to 2.5‰. This depleted δ11B is characteristic of CCR, commonly
observed, and provides a useful signature for CCR material. In contrast, samples
from the upgradient wells in all cases yielded a δ11B of 25‰ or greater.
o The Sr isotopic ratios of CCR samples are all less than 0.7192, whereas the
87Sr/86Sr of the upgradient bedrock wells are greater than 0.7257. The cross-plot
of 87Sr/86Sr and δ11B is a clear depiction of the separation of the results of the CCR
and upgradient bedrock groundwater.
• Groundwater from wells west of the FBR are of two major water types, the Ca-Na-HCO3
water type is similar to that of upgradient bedrock wells, and contrasts with the Ca-SO4 of
the other major water type. The Ca-SO4 water type seen in wells AS-11, AS-13, AS-14,
and AS-20 is similar to the water type of some CCR samples, however, Mg is much more
significant in CCR wells than west of FBR wells.
• The B and Sr isotopic composition of groundwater from wells west of the FBR is distinct
from CCR water and in general similar to the isotopic composition of the upgradient
bedrock groundwater. The 87Sr/86Sr and δ11B signatures both show clear distinctions
between CCR wells compared to the bedrock groundwater upgradient or wells west of
FBR. The CCR well samples are lighter isotopically yet have high concentration of both
boron and strontium compared to upgradient wells or wells west of the FBR.
• CCR wells show a distinct and well constrained sulfur isotopic signature, with δ34S values
that range from 5.7 to 7.3‰. Limited isotopic data for upgradient wells show a larger range
of δ34S values from 3.9 to 7.9‰, the range is even greater (-1.0 to 14.9) among wells west
of the FBR. The more narrowly constrained values of δ34S for CCR water samples are
consistent with the original iron sulfide phases in coal that have been oxidized to sulfate.
The wide range of sulfur isotopic signatures in bedrock groundwater may be attributed to
varying degrees of sulfur sources and oxidation of those sources. Pyrite was commonly
identified in bedrock at the Site (Synterra, 2015), however, borehole data at the Site show
varying degrees of pyrite mineralization by depth and spatial location. As opposed to the
more universal oxygenated conditions in the surficial aquifer, redox conditions in the
bedrock may range from reducing to oxidized, with oxidized conditions occurring along
Geochemical and Isotopic Characterization Asheville Plant Duke Energy Progress
Tetra Tech April 25, 2018 35
fracture zones. The isotopic signature seen in any bedrock groundwater well west of the
FBR may be due to a combination of both the amount of pyrite mineralization as well as
effects of oxidation of those minerals.
• The δD and δ18O data form two distinct isotopic groups. Most of the upgradient wells and
bedrock wells west of FBR align primarily along the GMWL with δD ranging from -38.6 to
-32.2‰ and δ18O ranging from -6.8 to -5.0‰. A second group of water samples, however,
are more enriched in both δD and δ18O, with δD ranging from 22.9 to 17.4‰ and δ18O
ranging from -3.4 to -1.6‰. These more enriched samples include CCR water, upgradient
groundwater from CB-09, GW-01 wells, and AS-14. These waters are also enriched
isotopically relative to the GMWL, which is indicative at this Site of fractionation due to
evaporation. Isotopic fractionation of meteoric water within the ash basins before
infiltration is likely to occur, leading to the modification of initial meteoric water signature
seen in the CCR data. Evaporation of water near Lake Julian results in enriched isotopic
surface water which then infiltrates and is seen in the upgradient wells, and is most notably
seen in upgradient wells immediately downgradient of Lake Julian.
• The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O indicate that some upgradient bedrock
groundwater, as well as downgradient well water, have been modified from initial meteoric
water isotopic composition. The δ18O is even more enriched in well AS-14 than in any
downgradient well, which would suggest another enriched water source to AS-14. The
enriched isotopic signature of δD and δ18O seen in AS-14 is not seen in other nearby
groundwater wells (e.g., AS-11, AS-13, and AS-20).
• Downgradient wells are those west of I-26 and east of the FBR and include bedrock wells
at MW-15, MW-16, MW-17, MW-18, NW-20, MW-22, MW-25, and MW-26. Several
downgradient bedrock wells including the MW-16 and MW-18 have isotopic compositions
distinct from CCR water, with either significantly higher δ11B values, 87Sr/86Sr values, or
both; whereas water from other downgradient bedrock wells have B and Sr isotopic
compositions more similar to CCR well water.
• The cross- plot of B and S isotopes show a wide range of δ34S in downgradient wells from
2.1 to 9.1‰, a much greater range the than seen in CCR well water. As with numerous
wells west of the FBR, several bedrock wells (MW-20BRL, MW-17BRL, MW-25BRL, MW-
18BR, and MW-18BRL) have high SO4 concentrations (340 to 800 mg/L), indicative of
significance sulfide oxidation.
• Groundwater at a particular location generally derives its naturally occurring B and Sr
concentrations and consequently the isotopic signatures from: 1) the dissolution of
weathered rocks in the recharge area, 2) dissolution of soluble minerals in the aquifer
matrix, and 3) from mixing with water from other sources (Bassett, 1990). Dissolved B is
chemically conservative with no participation in redox reactions or precipitation since most
borates are highly soluble. Thus, dissolved B with its attendant δ11B should migrate and
mix as a relatively unreactive constituent maintaining the source signatures. Similarly,
strontium is present in concentrations well below the solubility limit for common strontium
minerals (SrCO3, SrSO4) and should not be affected by changing redox conditions. While
the boron isotopic data suggests potential mixing between CCR and upgradient
endmembers in downgradient wells such as MW-20BRL, MW-17BRL, MW-25BRL, MW-
26BRL, and PZ-17BRL, as well as west of FBR wells AS-14, AS-11, AS-13, and AS-20,
the strontium isotopic data is not consistent with mixing between CCR and upgradient
Geochemical and Isotopic Characterization Asheville Plant Duke Energy Progress
Tetra Tech April 25, 2018 36
endmembers. This is an important distinction, given that mixing of dissolved fraction of
chemically conservative elements from two endmembers would result in intermediate
values of both concentration and isotopic composition between the end members, and
should be evident in both the B and Sr data.
• In summary, boron and strontium isotopic composition of CCR is commonly distinct from
natural-occurring water; this distinction is clearly seen by comparing water from Site CCR
samples to upgradient bedrock groundwater. Bedrock groundwater west of the FBR in
general is similar compositionally to upgradient bedrock groundwater, suggesting the
groundwater west of the FBR has not been impacted by CCR-derived water infiltrating into
the bedrock system. While some wells downgradient of the CCR and wells west of the
FBR have boron isotopic compositions that suggests potential impact from CCR, strontium
isotopic values are clearly distinct and suggests the potential for an additional groundwater
source. The environmental isotopes of δD and δ18O indicate that some upgradient bedrock
groundwater, as well as CCR water, have been modified from initial meteoric water
isotopic composition, these modifications are also seen in well AS-14, but not in adjacent
bedrock wells. The δD and δ18O composition of AS-14, however, falls outside the range of
composition seen in CCR or downgradient wells, implying another groundwater source to
and/or evaporation process is affecting groundwater at AS-14.
• No significant difference in boron or strontium composition occurs in FBR samples from
upstream to downstream of the Site, indicating CCR is not impacting the FBR.
• The chemical and isotopic data, when considered as part of the local surface water and
groundwater system and the Site facility circumstances, indicate multiple sources of solute
mixing in the local groundwater system. The integration of these data with the hydrology
of the Site should better clarity the most plausible Site conceptual model.
• Variations in sulfate concentrations and sulfur isotopic composition may be due to
variations in pyrite oxidation throughout the Site, or may indicate multiple sources of solute
mixing in the local groundwater system. Measurement of redox conditions as well as iron
speciation of groundwater during future sampling events may provide a better
understanding of localized sulfide oxidation.
Geochemical and Isotopic Characterization Asheville Plant Duke Energy Progress
Tetra Tech April 25, 2018 37
6.0 REFERENCES
Bassett, R.L., 1990. A critical evaluation of available measurements for the stable isotopes of
boron. Applied Geochemistry. v.5, p. 541-554.
Bruckner, M.Z., 2017. A Primer on Stable Isotopes and Some Common Uses in Hydrology.
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/environ_sampling/stableisotopes.
htm.
Coplen, T.B., J.A. Hopple, J.K. Böhlke, H.S. Peiser, S.E. Rieder, H.R. Krouse, K.J.R. Rosman,
T. Ding, R.D. Vocke, Jr., K.M. Révész, A. Lamberty, P. Taylor, and P. De Bièvre. 2001.
Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally
occurring terrestrial materials and reagents. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources
Investigations Report 01-4222, 98 p.
Craig, H. 1961. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science. v. 133 (3465), p. 1702–1703.
1961.
Davidson, G.R. and Bassett, R.L. 1993. Application of boron isotopes for identifying contaminants
such as fly ash leachate in groundwater. Environmental Science and Technology. v.27, p.
172-176
Electric Power Research Institute, 2012. Groundwater Quality Signatures for Assessing Potential
Impacts from Coal Combustion Product Leachate. Report 1017923, 162 p.
EPA. 2015. Hazardous and solid waste management system; disposal of coal combustion
residuals from electric utilities. 40 CFR Parts 257 and 261. V. 80, p. 21302-21501.
Hemming, N.G. and Hanson, G.N., 1994. A procedure for the isotopic analysis of boron by
negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology. v. 114, p.147-156.
Horwitz, E.P.; et al, 1992. A novel strontium-selective extraction chromatographic resin. Solvent
Extraction and Ion Exchange. v.10, p. 313-336.
LaGrand, H.E., 2004. A Master Conceptual Model for Hydrogeological Site Characterization in
the Piedmont and Mountain Region of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality Groundwater Section.
February.
SynTerra Corporation, 2015. Comprehensive Site Assessment Report Duke Energy Asheville
Steam Electric Plant, Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. August 23, 2015.
SynTerra Corporation, 2016. Comprehensive Site Assessment Supplement 1- Duke Energy
Asheville Steam Electric Plant. August 31, 2016.
Geochemical and Isotopic Characterization Asheville Plant Duke Energy Progress
Tetra Tech April 25, 2018 38
APPENDIX A
ISOTOPIC LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORTS
(included under separate cover)

FINAL REPORT OF ANALYSES

Analyses performed by:

Tetra Tech, Inc.
Boron Isotope Laboratory
3801 Automation Way, Ste. 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
[phone]
www.tetratech.com

March 22, 2018

Client

Duke Energy
13339 Hagers Ferry Rd
Huntersville, N.C. 28078

Tetra Tech
3801 Automation Way, Suite 100, Fort Collins, CO 80525
Tel [phone] Fax [phone] www. tetratech.com

March 22, 2018

Zachary Hall
Duke Energy
13339 Hagers Ferry Rd
Huntersville, N.C. 28078

RE: Boron Isotope Analyses for Duke Energy Ashville Steam Electric Plant

Dear Mr. Hall:

Please find enclosed the Final Report of Results for 60 of 65 samples submitted to us in 2017 and 2018 for boron
isotopic analysis. The attached documents contain results for the samples analyzed and other explanatory
information

The 60 samples reported analyzed routinely and no analysis problems were encountered. Analysis was attempted
but not successful for five samples due to insufficient boron mass given the sample volumes received. The
standard deviation from analyses of the NBS SRM 951 standard was less than +/- 1.0 ‰ 11B.

The data contained in the following report have been reviewed and approved by the personnel listed on each
Certificate of Analysis. In addition, Tetra Tech represents that the analyses reported herein are true, complete,
and correct within the limits of the methods employed.

Please notify us if there are questions or if you need additional information. We will hold the sample for 30 days
unless notified otherwise.

Thank you for selecting our lab for your analysis of boron isotopes.

Sincerely,

E.R. Muller, P.G.
Sr. Project Manager II

Page 2 of 77
Tetra Tech
3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
www. tetratech.com

Version 11/29/11

RESULTS OF ANALYSIS FOR BORON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION
Page 3 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc.
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph: 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Project: 114-021906_100
Report Date:3/22/2018 Contact: Zachary Hall
4/12/2017 04/20/17 0.393 07/03/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 0.00283 08/22/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.002 08/08/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.00423 NA
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.0256 08/31/17
4/6/2017 04/20/17 0.286 07/05/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.00813 NA
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.00565 09/08/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.00511 08/14/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 4.73 06/02/17
4/7/2017 04/20/17 6.3 06/02/17
4/7/2017 04/20/17 8.32 06/01/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 14.5 06/01/17
4/10/2017 04/20/17 0.00992 08/08/17
4/10/2017 04/20/17 0.0119 09/05/17
4/10/2017 04/20/17 0.0179 08/08/17
4/11/2017 04/20/17 2.35 06/02/17
4/11/2017 04/20/17 1.6 06/19/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.439 07/05/17
4/13/2017 04/20/17 0.627 07/05/17
4/10/2017 04/20/17 0.128 08/09/17
4/10/2017 04/20/17 1.59 06/23/17
4/10/2017 04/20/17 1.04 06/19/17
4/7/2017 04/20/17 6.9 06/02/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 2.87 06/05/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 5.24 06/05/17
4/11/2017 04/20/17 0.00697 08/08/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 0.639 06/26/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 0.181 08/04/17
4/6/2017 04/20/17 1.0 06/20/17
4/6/2017 04/20/17 0.0475 07/06/17
4/6/2017 04/20/17 0.961 06/23/17
4/7/2017 04/20/17 0.681 06/26/17
4/12/2017 04/20/17 0.0112 NA
4/18/2017 04/28/17 0.00706 08/28/17
4/19/2017 04/28/17 0.0102 08/22/17
4/18/2017 04/28/17 0.0072 08/17/17
4/18/2017 04/28/17 0.00838 08/14/17
4/18/2017 04/28/17 0.00872 08/04/17
4/18/2017 04/28/17 0.0186 08/04/17
5/5/2017 05/17/17 <0.002 09/05/17
5/5/2017 05/17/17 <0.002 10/10/17
5/5/2017 05/17/17 0.00411 08/20/17
5/5/2017 05/17/17 <0.002 10/13/17
5/5/2017 05/17/17 <0.002 10/13/17
10/25/2017 10/30/17 0.051 11/28/17
10/25/2017 10/30/17 0.301 03/05/18
10/25/2017 10/30/17 0.089 11/28/17
10/25/2017 10/30/17 0.063 12/01/17
10/25/2017 10/30/17 <0.050 12/07/17
10/25/2017 10/30/17 <0.050 12/07/17
1/15/2018 01/24/18 0.33 02/19/18
1/8/2018 01/24/18 <0.050 NA
1/9/2018 01/24/18 0.458 02/13/18
1/9/2018 01/24/18 0.851 02/09/18
1/9/2018 01/24/18 0.430 02/19/18
1/9/2018 01/24/18 0.273 02/19/18
1/9/2018 01/24/18 2.06 02/12/18
1/9/2018 01/24/18 0.983 02/09/18
1/9/2018 01/24/18 0.661 02/13/18
1/10/2018 01/24/18 0.819 02/09/18
1/10/2018 01/24/18 0.676 02/13/18
1/10/2018 01/24/18 0.779 02/09/18
1/10/2018 01/24/18 <0.050 NA
1/10/2018 01/24/18 <0.050 02/22/18
NOTES:.
1. B Concentration Provided by the Client
NA = No analysis reported
SW-06
SWFBR-1
MW-10
MW-16A
MW-16BR
MW-18BR
MW-24S
MW-18BRL
021906_100_51
021906_100_31
021906_100_32
021906_100_33
021906_100_34
021906_100_35
021906_100_36
021906_100_38
021906_100_43
021906_100_46
021906_100_45
44 HOYT
SWFBR-2
SWFBR-3
SWFBR-4
SWLJ-1
021906_100_25
021906_100_27
021906_100_28
EXT-01
GW-01
GW-01BR
MW-18D
MW-20A
MW-06BR
MW-06D
MW-09BR
MW-09D
MW-08S
GW-01D
GW-02
GW-03
MW-05BR
MW-06S
MW-05D
AMW-03B
CB-01
CB-01D
CB-04B
021906_100_12
CB-05
CB-09
CB-09BR
CB-09SL
CCR-101BR
021906_100_09
021906_100_08
021906_100_07
021906_100_06
021906_100_11
021906_100_10
CCR-102D
CCR-102S
021906_100_01
Summary of Boron Isotopic Results-Page 1
B mg/L(1)Date AnalyzedReceipt DateLab ID#Client's ID#Sample Collection Date
AMW-01B
021906_100_37
021906_100_44
021906_100_40
021906_100_42
021906_100_39
021906_100_05
021906_100_04
021906_100_03
021906_100_02
021906_100_16
021906_100_15
021906_100_14
021906_100_13
021906_100_30
021906_100_29
021906_100_22
021906_100_23
021906_100_24
021906_100_17
021906_100_18
021906_100_19
021906_100_20
021906_100_21
021906_100_26
AS-11 021906_100_47
AS-14 021906_100_48
AS-20 021906_100_49
021906_100_52
8 HOYT
25 HOYT
AS-9
42 HOYT
AS-13
AS-7
AS-17
021906_100_50
AS-14
MW-15 BRL
MW-16 D
MW-16BRL
MW-17BRL
021906_100_53
021906_100_54
021906_100_55
021906_100_56
021906_100_57
021906_100_58
021906_100_59
021906_100_60
021906_100_61
MW-26 S
MW- 26 BRL
PZ-17 BRL
AS-5 BR
AS-5 BRL
MW-20 BRL
MW-25 S
MW-25 BR
MW-25 BRL
021906_100_62
021906_100_63
021906_100_64
021906_100_65
021906_100_66
Page 4 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc.
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph: 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Project: 114-021906_100
Report Date:3/22/2018 Contact: Zachary Hall
Average
AMW-01B 4.0523773 12.73986 4.3179(4)8.4 8.4
AMW-03B 4.1059217 26.12128 0.9669(5)25.2 25.2
CB-01 4.1468343 36.34585 0.9669(5)35.4 35.4
CB-01D
CB-04B 4.0918118 22.59504 0.9669(5)21.6 21.6
CB-05 4.0521019 12.67104 0.9669(5)11.7 11.7
CB-09
CB-09BR 4.1580739 39.15477 0.4340(4)38.7 38.7
CB-09SL 4.1085997 26.79055 0.9669(5)25.8 4.1075803 26.53579 0.9669(5)25.6 25.7
CCR-101BR 4.0288247 6.85378 4.3179(4)2.5 2.5
CCR-102D 4.0245895 5.79535 4.3179(4)1.5 1.5
CCR-102S 4.0165540 3.78717 4.3179(4)-0.5 -0.5
EXT-01 4.0070063 1.40108 4.3179(4)-2.9 -2.9
GW-01 4.1595497 39.52359 0.9669(5)38.6 38.6
GW-01BR 4.1415105 35.01537 0.4340(4)34.6 34.6
GW-01D 4.1433006 35.46274 0.9669(5)34.5 34.5
GW-02 4.0820722 20.16099 4.3179(4)15.8 15.8
GW-03 4.0080525 1.66254 4.3179(4)-2.7 -2.7
MW-05BR 4.0526312 12.80332 4.3179(4)8.5 4.0534355 13.00432 4.3179(4)8.7 8.6
MW-05D 4.0573989 13.99483 4.3179(4)9.7 9.7
MW-06BR 4.0766567 18.80759 0.9669(5)17.8 17.8
MW-06D 4.0291539 6.93603 4.3179(4)2.6 2.6
MW-06S 4.0274627 6.51340 4.3179(4)2.2 2.2
MW-08S 4.0270640 6.41376 4.3179(4)2.1 2.1
MW-09BR 4.1006504 24.80392 4.3179(4)20.5 20.5
MW-09D 4.0301800 7.19248 4.3179(4)2.9 4.0355691 8.53929 4.3179(4)4.2 3.5
MW-10 4.1150193 28.39489 0.9669(5)27.4 27.4
MW-16A 4.1274770 31.50822 4.3179(4)27.2 27.2
MW-16BR 4.1406637 34.80374 0.9669(5)33.8 33.8
MW-18BR 4.0137794 3.09377 4.3179(4)-1.2 -1.2
MW-18BRL 4.0856414 21.05298 4.3179(4)16.7 4.0830421 20.40338 4.3179(4)16.1 16.4
MW-18D 4.0094071 2.00107 4.3179(4)-2.3 4.0123853 2.74536 4.3179(4)-1.6 -1.9
MW-20A 4.0429356 10.38027 4.3179(4)6.1 6.1
MW-24S
SW-06 4.0833323 20.47591 0.9669(5)19.5 19.5
SWFBR-1 4.0832826 20.46349 0.9669(5)19.5 19.5
SWFBR-2 4.1056340 26.04938 0.9669(5)25.1 25.1
SWFBR-3 4.1140951 28.16392 0.9669(5)27.2 4.1111589 27.43012 0.9669(5)26.5 26.8
SWFBR-4 4.0832826 20.46349 0.9669(5)19.5 19.5
SWLJ-1 4.1468940 36.36077 0.9669(5)35.4 35.4
8 HOYT 4.1203628 29.73029 0.4340(4)29.3 29.3
25 HOYT 4.1480963 36.66124 0.4726 36.2 36.2
AS-9 4.1222879 30.21140 0.9669(5)29.2 29.2
42 HOYT 4.1672398 41.44544 0.5335 40.9 40.9
44 HOYT 4.1046548 25.80467 0.5335 25.3 25.3
AS-11 4.0812313 19.95084 0.8168 19.1 19.1
AS-14 4.0573078 13.97206 1.3206 12.7 12.9
AS-20 4.0599800 14.63988 0.8168 13.8 13.8
AS-13 4.0862921 21.21560 0.8168 20.4 4.0886208 21.79757 0.8168 21.0 20.7
AS-7 4.1677611 41.57572 0.8168 40.8 40.8
AS-17 4.1555147 38.51519 0.8168 37.7 37.7
AS-14 4.0543672 13.23717 1.3206 11.9 4.0558707 13.61291 1.3206 12.3 12.1
MW-15 BRL
MW-16 D 4.1065899 26.28827 1.2633 25.0 25.0
MW-16BRL 4.0833859 20.48930 1.2633 19.2 19.2
MW-17BRL 4.0298692 7.11481 1.3206 5.8 5.8
MW-20 BRL 3.9955777 -1.45507 1.3206 -2.8 -2.8
MW-25 S 4.0334822 8.01774 1.2633 6.8 4.0379659 9.13828 1.2633 7.9 7.3
MW-25 BR 4.0007866 -0.15330 1.2633 -1.4 -1.4
MW-25 BRL 4.0298120 7.10051 1.2633 5.8 5.8
MW-26 S 3.9951458 -1.56300 1.2633 -2.8 -2.8
MW- 26 BRL 4.0305879 7.29442 1.2633 6.0 6.0
PZ-17 BRL 4.0186785 4.31811 1.2633 3.1 3.1
AS-5 BR
AS-5 BRL 4.1231176 30.41875 1.3206 29.1 29.1
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard or seawater.
3. MBCF: Machine bias correction factor
4. Correction (MBCF) is made for machine and extraction bias using results of NBS Standard analysis.
5. Correction (MBCF) is made for machine and extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
6. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
No Analysis Reported, insuifficent mass for analysis
No Analysis Reported, insuifficent mass for analysis
No Analysis Reported, insuifficent mass for analysis
No Analysis Reported, insuifficent mass for analysis
No Analysis Reported, insuifficent mass for analysis
Summary of Boron Isotopic Results(1,2)-Page 2
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (6)11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (6)d11B ‰
Page 5 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)0.393 Date Analyzed:07/03/17
Average
AMW-01B 4.0523773 12.73986 4.3179 8.4 8.4
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Certificate of Analysis
AMW-01B
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
021906_100_01
11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰
Page 6 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)0.00283 Date Analyzed:08/22/17
Average
AMW-03B 4.1059217 26.12128 0.9669 25.2 25.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_02
AMW-03B
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 7 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)0.002 Date Analyzed:08/08/17
Average
CB-01 4.1468343 36.34585 0.9669 35.4 35.4
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_03
CB-01
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 8 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)0.0256 Date Analyzed:08/31/17
Average
CB-04B 4.0918118 22.59504 0.9669 21.6 21.6
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_05
CB-04B
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 9 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/6/2017
B (mg/L)0.286 Date Analyzed:07/05/17
Average
CB-05 4.0521019 12.67104 0.9669 11.7 11.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_06
CB-05
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 10 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)0.00565 Date Analyzed:09/08/17
Average
CB-09BR 4.1580739 39.15477 0.4340 38.7 38.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_08
CB-09BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 11 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)0.00511 Date Analyzed:08/14/17
Average
CB-09SL 4.1085997 26.79055 0.9669 25.8 4.1075803 26.53579 0.9669 25.6 25.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_09
CB-09SL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2(6)
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 12 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)4.73 Date Analyzed:06/02/17
Average
CCR-101BR 4.0288247 6.85378 4.3179 2.5 2.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_10
CCR-101BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 13 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/7/2017
B (mg/L)6.3 Date Analyzed:06/02/17
Average
CCR-102D 4.0245895 5.79535 4.3179 1.5 1.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_11
CCR-102D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 14 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/7/2017
B (mg/L)8.32 Date Analyzed:06/01/17
Average
CCR-102S 4.0165540 3.78717 4.3179 -0.5 -0.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_12
CCR-102S
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 15 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)14.50 Date Analyzed:06/01/17
Average
EXT-01 4.0070063 1.40108 4.3179 -2.9 -2.9
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_13
EXT-01
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 16 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/10/2017
B (mg/L)0.00992 Date Analyzed:08/08/17
Average
GW-01 4.1595497 39.52359 0.9669 38.6 38.6
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_14
GW-01
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 17 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/10/2017
B (mg/L)0.0119 Date Analyzed:09/05/17
Average
GW-01BR 4.1415105 35.01537 0.4340 34.6 34.6
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_15
GW-01BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 18 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/10/2017
B (mg/L)0.0179 Date Analyzed:08/08/17
Average
GW-01D 4.1433006 35.46274 0.9669 34.5 34.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_16
GW-01D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 19 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/11/2017
B (mg/L)2.35 Date Analyzed:06/02/17
Average
GW-02 4.0820722 20.16099 4.3179 15.8 15.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_17
GW-02
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 20 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/11/2017
B (mg/L)1.60 Date Analyzed:06/19/17
Average
GW-03 4.0080525 1.66254 4.3179 -2.7 -2.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_18
GW-03
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 21 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)0.439 Date Analyzed:07/05/17
Average
MW-05BR 4.0526312 12.80332 4.3179 8.5 4.0534355 13.00432 4.3179 8.7 8.6
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_19
MW-05BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 22 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/13/2017
B (mg/L)0.627 Date Analyzed:07/05/17
Average
MW-05D 4.0573989 13.99483 4.3170 9.7 9.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_20
MW-05D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 23 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/10/2017
B (mg/L)0.128 Date Analyzed:08/09/17
Average
MW-06BR 4.0766567 18.80759 0.9669 17.8 17.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_21
MW-06BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 24 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/10/2017
B (mg/L)1.59 Date Analyzed:06/23/17
Average
MW-06D 4.0291539 6.93603 4.3179 2.6 2.6
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_22
MW-06D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 25 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/10/2017
B (mg/L)1.04 Date Analyzed:06/19/17
Average
MW-06S 4.0274627 6.51340 4.3179 2.2 2.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_23
MW-06S
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 26 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/7/2017
B (mg/L)6.9 Date Analyzed:06/02/17
Average
MW-08S 4.0270640 6.41376 4.3179 2.1 2.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_24
MW-08S
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 27 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)2.87 Date Analyzed:06/05/17
Average
MW-09BR 4.1006504 24.80392 4.3179 20.5 20.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_25
MW-09BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 28 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)5.24 Date Analyzed:06/05/17
Average
MW-09D 4.0301800 7.19248 4.3179 2.9 4.0355691 8.53929 4.3179 4.2 3.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_26
MW-09D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 29 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/11/2017
B (mg/L)0.00697 Date Analyzed:08/08/17
Average
MW-10 4.1150193 28.39489 0.9669 27.4 27.4
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_27
MW-10
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 30 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)0.64 Date Analyzed:06/26/17
Average
MW-16A 4.1274770 31.50822 4.3179 27.2 27.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_28
MW-16A
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 31 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/12/2017
B (mg/L)0.181 Date Analyzed:08/04/17
Average
MW-16BR 4.1406637 34.80374 0.9669 33.8 33.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_29
MW-16BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 32 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/6/2017
B (mg/L)1 Date Analyzed:06/20/17
Average
MW-18BR 4.0137794 3.09377 4.3179 -1.2 -1.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_30
MW-18BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 33 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/6/2017
B (mg/L)0.0475 Date Analyzed:07/06/17
Average
MW-18BRL 4.0856414 21.05298 4.3179 16.7 4.0830421 20.40338 4.3179 16.1 16.4
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_31
MW-18BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 34 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/6/2017
B (mg/L)0.961 Date Analyzed:06/23/17
Average
MW-18D 4.0094071 2.00107 4.3179 -2.3 4.0123853 2.74536 4.3179 -1.6 -1.9
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_32
MW-18D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 35 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/20/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/7/2017
B (mg/L)0.681 Date Analyzed:06/26/17
Average
MW-20A 4.0429356 10.38027 4.3179 6.1 6.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of NBS standard.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of NBS standard analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_33
MW-20A
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 36 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/28/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/18/2017
B (mg/L)0.00706 Date Analyzed:08/28/17
Average
SW-06 4.0833323 20.47591 0.9669 19.5 19.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_35
SW-06
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 37 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/28/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/19/2017
B (mg/L)0.0102 Date Analyzed:08/22/17
Average
SWFBR-1 4.0832826 20.46349 0.9669 19.5 19.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰
MBCF(4)
(d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (5)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰
MBCF(4)
(d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (5)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_36
SWFBR-1
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 38 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/28/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/18/2017
B (mg/L)0.0072 Date Analyzed:08/17/17
Average
SWFBR-2 4.1056340 26.04938 0.9669 25.1 25.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_37
SWFBR-2
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 39 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/28/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/18/2017
B (mg/L)0.00838 Date Analyzed:08/14/17
Average
SWFBR-3 4.1140951 28.16392 0.9669 27.2 4.1111589 27.43012 0.9669 26.5 26.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_38
SWFBR-3
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 40 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/28/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/18/2017
B (mg/L)0.00872 Date Analyzed:08/04/17
Average
SWFBR-4 4.0832826 20.46349 0.9669 19.5 19.5
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_39
SWFBR-4
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 41 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:04/28/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 4/18/2017
B (mg/L)0.0186 Date Analyzed:08/04/17
Average
SWLJ-1 4.1468940 36.36077 0.9669 35.4 35.4
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_40
SWLJ-1
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 42 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:05/17/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 5/5/2017
B (mg/L)<0.002 Date Analyzed:09/05/17
Average
8 HOYT 4.1203628 29.73029 0.4340 29.3 4.1198618 29.60509 0.2274 29.4 29.3
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_42
8 HOYT
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 43 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:05/17/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 5/5/2017
B (mg/L)<0.002 Date Analyzed:10/10/17
Average
25 HOYT 4.1480963 36.66124 0.4726 36.2 36.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_43
25 HOYT
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 44 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:05/17/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 5/5/2017
B (mg/L)0.00411 Date Analyzed:08/20/17
Average
AS-9 4.1222879 30.21140 0.9669 29.2 4.1188103 29.34231 0.2274 29.1 29.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_44
AS-9
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 45 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:05/17/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 5/5/2017
B (mg/L)<0.002 Date Analyzed:10/13/17
Average
42 HOYT 4.1672398 41.44544 0.5335 40.9 40.9
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_45
42 HOYT
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 46 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:05/17/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 5/5/2017
B (mg/L)<0.002 Date Analyzed:10/13/17
Average
44 HOYT 4.1046548 25.80467 0.5335 25.3 25.3
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_46
44 HOYT
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 47 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:10/30/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 10/25/2017
B (mg/L)0.051 Date Analyzed:11/28/17
Average
AS-11 4.0812313 19.95084 0.8168 19.1 19.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_47
AS-11
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 48 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:10/30/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 10/25/2017
B (mg/L)0.301 Date Analyzed:03/05/18
Average
AS-14 4.0573078 13.97206 1.3206 12.7 4.0596202 14.54996 1.3206 13.2 12.9
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_48
AS-14
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 49 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:10/30/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 10/25/2017
B (mg/L)0.089 Date Analyzed:11/28/17
Average
AS-20 4.0599800 14.63988 0.8168 13.8 13.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_49
AS-20
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 50 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:10/30/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 10/25/2017
B (mg/L)0.063 Date Analyzed:12/01/17
Average
AS-13 4.0862921 21.21560 0.8168 20.4 4.0886208 21.79757 0.8168 21.0 20.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_50
AS-13
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 51 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:10/30/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 10/25/2017
B (mg/L)<0.050 Date Analyzed:12/07/17
Average
AS-7 4.1677611 41.57572 0.8168 40.8 40.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_51
AS-7
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 52 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:10/30/17
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 10/25/2017
B (mg/L)<0.050 Date Analyzed:12/07/17
Average
AS-17 4.1555147 38.51519 0.8168 37.7 37.7
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_52
AS-17
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
Page 53 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/15/2018
B (mg/L)0.33 Date Analyzed:02/19/18
Average
AS-14 4.0543672 13.23717 1.3206 11.9 4.0558707 13.61291 1.3206 12.3 12.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_53
AS-14
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 54 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)0.458 Date Analyzed:02/13/18
Average
MW-16 D 4.1065899 26.28827 1.2633 25.0 25.0
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_55
MW-16 D
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 55 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)0.851 Date Analyzed:02/09/18
Average
MW-16BRL 4.0833859 20.48930 1.2633 19.2 19.2
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_56
MW-16BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 56 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)0.43 Date Analyzed:02/19/18
Average
MW-17BRL 4.0298692 7.11481 1.3206 5.8 5.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_57
MW-17BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 57 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)0.273 Date Analyzed:02/19/18
Average
MW-20 BRL 3.9955777 -1.45507 1.3206 -2.8 -2.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_58
MW-20 BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 58 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)2.06 Date Analyzed:02/12/18
Average
MW-25 S 4.0334822 8.01774 1.2633 6.8 4.0379659 9.13828 1.2633 7.9 7.3
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_59
MW-25 S
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 59 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)0.983 Date Analyzed:02/09/18
Average
MW-25 BR 4.0007866 -0.15330 1.2633 -1.4 -1.4
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_60
MW-25 BR
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 60 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/9/2018
B (mg/L)0.661 Date Analyzed:02/13/18
Average
MW-25 BRL 4.0298120 7.10051 1.2633 5.8 5.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_61
MW-25 BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 61 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/10/2018
B (mg/L)0.819 Date Analyzed:02/09/18
Average
MW-26 S 3.9951458 -1.56300 1.2633 -2.8 -2.8
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_62
MW-26 S
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 62 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/10/2018
B (mg/L)0.676 Date Analyzed:02/13/18
Average
MW- 26 BRL 4.0305879 7.29442 1.2633 6.0 6.0
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_63
MW- 26 BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 63 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/10/2018
B (mg/L)0.779 Date Analyzed:02/09/18
Average
PZ-17 BRL 4.0186785 4.31811 1.2633 3.1 4.0188035 4.34935 1.2633 3.1 3.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_64
PZ-17 BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 64 of 77
Tetra Tech, Inc
3801 Automation Way, Ste 100, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
Ph 970-223-9600 Fax: [phone] www.tetratech.com
Client: Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Lab ID#Report Date:03/22/18
Project: 114-021906_100 Client ID#Date Received:01/24/18
Contact: Zachary Hall Sample Date 1/10/2018
B (mg/L)<0.050 Date Analyzed:02/22/18
Average
AS-5 BRL 4.1231176 30.41875 1.3206 29.1 29.1
Edward Muller, Project Scientist
Approved
NOTES:
1. d11B computed using NBS SRM 951 4. Corr. d11B ‰: Corrected d11B ‰ using MBCF
2. Precision of < ±1.00 ‰ d11B (1s) is given by the Standard Deviation from analysis of seawater.
3. Machine bias correction factor (MBCF) is machine and/or extraction bias using results of seawater analysis.
Certificate of Analysis
021906_100_66
AS-5 BRL
Individual Boron Isotopic Results(1,2,3)
Replicate 1 Replicate 2
d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)d11B ‰Client's ID#11B/10B d11B ‰MBCF(3) (d11B ‰)Corr. d11B ‰ (4)11B/10B
Page 65 of 77
Tetra Tech
3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
www. tetratech.com

Version 11/29/11
REPORT DEFINITIONS

BDL Below detection limit, in this context it means that the mass available for
analysis was too small to produce a reliable signal when analyzed in the mass
spectrometer.

delta 11B (‰) Comparison of the ratio for 11B/10B in a sample with the NBS standard reported
as a permil amount:

B (‰) = (11B/10B)sample – (11B/10B)standard x 1000.
(11B/10B)standard

NBS SRM 951 National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Material 951. The
internationally accepted boric acid standard with an isotopic ratio for 11B/10B of
11B/10B of 4.0014 +/- 0.0027 (2) (Hemming and Hanson., 1994) in negative ion
mode.

MBCF Machine bias correction factor. The average value for the standards analyzed
with each batch of samples is normalized to the accepted isotopic ratio; this
correction is applied to the measurement for each sample in a given batch
analyzed in the mass spectrometer. Standard used include NBS SRM 951 and
seawater.

permil (‰) part per thousand

Precision The standard deviation of values obtained for MBCF is computed and reported
as the long-term precision of the isotopic measurement to 1.

Replicate Repeated mass spectrometric analyses on different aliquots of the same
chemically processed material.

Seawater The boron isotopic composition of seawater is 39.61‰ as reported in Foster,
G.L., Pogge von Strandmann, P.A.E., Rae, J.W.B., 2010. Boron and magnesium
isotopic composition of seawater. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 11, Q08015.

TIMS Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer. The instrument used in the Tetra Tech
laboratory is a TIMS VG 336, built by VG Isotopes Limited, Cheshire, England.
It uses an 18 cm, 60º extended geometry magnetic sector analyzer, with dual
Faraday bucket collectors.

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Tetra Tech
3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
www. tetratech.com
Version 11/30/11
BORON ISOTOPE LABORATORY
SAMPLE RECEIPT AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM
Client and Contact: Todd Plating, SynTerra
Sender’s Co. and Contact: Ashely Albert, SynTerra
Date/Time Received: 4/20/17 10:30
Received By: Elissa Palmer
No. of Shipping Containers: 1
Carrier: Fed Ex
Samples:
Shipping Container Seal Intact: Yes
Sample Seals Intact: NA
No. Samples Received: 34 (bottles)
Samples in Good Condition: Yes
Chain of Custody Forms Included: Yes
Samples Labels Agree w/C of C: Yes
Tetra Tech Laboratory Numbers: 021096_101 to 021096_134
Date this form sent to client: 4/24/17
Edward Muller, P.G.
Phone: [phone] | Fax: [phone] | Mobile: [phone]
[e-mail]
Page 71 of 77
Page 72 of 77
Tetra Tech
3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
www. tetratech.com
Version 11/30/11
BORON ISOTOPE LABORATORY
SAMPLE RECEIPT AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM
Client and Contact: Todd Plating, SynTerra
Sender’s Co. and Contact: Ashely Albert, SynTerra
Date/Time Received: 4/28/17 10:20
Received By: Alicia Shogbon
No. of Shipping Containers: 1
Carrier: Fed Ex
Samples:
Shipping Container Seal Intact: Yes
Sample Seals Intact: NA
No. Samples Received: 6 (bottles)
Samples in Good Condition: Yes
Chain of Custody Forms Included: Yes
Samples Labels Agree w/C of C: Yes
Tetra Tech Laboratory Numbers: 021096_135 to 021096_140
Date this form sent to client: 4/28/17
Edward Muller, P.G.
Phone: [phone] | Fax: [phone] | Mobile: [phone]
[e-mail]
Page 73 of 77
Page 74 of 77
Tetra Tech
3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
www. tetratech.com
Version 11/30/11
BORON ISOTOPE LABORATORY
SAMPLE RECEIPT AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM
Client and Contact: Todd Plating, SynTerra
Sender’s Co. and Contact: Ashely Albert, SynTerra
Date/Time Received: 5/17/17 10:00
Received By: Ed Muller
No. of Shipping Containers: 1
Carrier: Fed Ex
Samples:
Shipping Container Seal Intact: Yes
Sample Seals Intact: NA
No. Samples Received: 5 (bottles)
Samples in Good Condition: Yes
Chain of Custody Forms Included: Yes
Samples Labels Agree w/C of C: Yes
Tetra Tech Laboratory Numbers: 021096_141 to 021096_145
Date this form sent to client: 5/19/17
Edward Muller, P.G.
Phone: [phone] | Fax: [phone] | Mobile: [phone]
[e-mail]
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Lab Name:
Client Name:Tetra Tech MM, Inc.
ClientProject ID:Ashville 114-021906
Work Order Number:1711043
Method SW6010B
Total Recoverable ICP Metals
Field ID:AS-17
Date Analyzed:03-Nov-17
Date Collected:25-Oct-17
Sample Matrix:WATER
Cleanup:NONE
Basis:As Received
Date Extracted:03-Nov-17
Sample Aliquot:5
Final Volume:5
Prep Batch:IP171103-1
% Moisture:N/A ml
mlRun ID:IT171103-1A11
QCBatchID:IP171103-1-1
Sample Results
Result Units:MG/L
File Name:171103A.
Lab ID:1711043-1
Clean DF:1
Prep Method:SW3005 Rev AAnalysis ReqCode: B - Screen
ALS -- Fort Collins
Analyst:Steve Workman
CASNO Target Analyte Result Reporting
Limit
Result
Qualifier
Dilution
Factor
MDL
7440-42-8 0.11BORONU 0.00660.0066
Page 1 of 6Tuesday, November 07, 2017Date Printed:
Data Package ID:IT1711043-1
LIMS Version: 6.847
ALS -- Fort Collins
Lab Name:
Client Name:Tetra Tech MM, Inc.
ClientProject ID:Ashville 114-021906
Work Order Number:1711043
Method SW6010B
Total Recoverable ICP Metals
Field ID:As-13
Date Analyzed:03-Nov-17
Date Collected:25-Oct-17
Sample Matrix:WATER
Cleanup:NONE
Basis:As Received
Date Extracted:03-Nov-17
Sample Aliquot:5
Final Volume:5
Prep Batch:IP171103-1
% Moisture:N/A ml
mlRun ID:IT171103-1A11
QCBatchID:IP171103-1-1
Sample Results
Result Units:MG/L
File Name:171103A.
Lab ID:1711043-2
Clean DF:1
Prep Method:SW3005 Rev AAnalysis ReqCode: B - Screen
ALS -- Fort Collins
Analyst:Steve Workman
CASNO Target Analyte Result Reporting
Limit
Result
Qualifier
Dilution
Factor
MDL
7440-42-8 0.11BORONJ 0.00660.057
Page 2 of 6Tuesday, November 07, 2017Date Printed:
Data Package ID:IT1711043-1
LIMS Version: 6.847
ALS -- Fort Collins
Lab Name:
Client Name:Tetra Tech MM, Inc.
ClientProject ID:Ashville 114-021906
Work Order Number:1711043
Method SW6010B
Total Recoverable ICP Metals
Field ID:As-1
Date Analyzed:03-Nov-17
Date Collected:25-Oct-17
Sample Matrix:WATER
Cleanup:NONE
Basis:As Received
Date Extracted:03-Nov-17
Sample Aliquot:5
Final Volume:5
Prep Batch:IP171103-1
% Moisture:N/A ml
mlRun ID:IT171103-1A11
QCBatchID:IP171103-1-1
Sample Results
Result Units:MG/L
File Name:171103A.
Lab ID:1711043-3
Clean DF:1
Prep Method:SW3005 Rev AAnalysis ReqCode: B - Screen
ALS -- Fort Collins
Analyst:Steve Workman
CASNO Target Analyte Result Reporting
Limit
Result
Qualifier
Dilution
Factor
MDL
7440-42-8 0.11BORONJ 0.00660.046
Page 3 of 6Tuesday, November 07, 2017Date Printed:
Data Package ID:IT1711043-1
LIMS Version: 6.847
ALS -- Fort Collins
Lab Name:
Client Name:Tetra Tech MM, Inc.
ClientProject ID:Ashville 114-021906
Work Order Number:1711043
Method SW6010B
Total Recoverable ICP Metals
Field ID:AS-14
Date Analyzed:03-Nov-17
Date Collected:25-Oct-17
Sample Matrix:WATER
Cleanup:NONE
Basis:As Received
Date Extracted:03-Nov-17
Sample Aliquot:5
Final Volume:5
Prep Batch:IP171103-1
% Moisture:N/A ml
mlRun ID:IT171103-1A11
QCBatchID:IP171103-1-1
Sample Results
Result Units:MG/L
File Name:171103A.
Lab ID:1711043-4
Clean DF:1
Prep Method:SW3005 Rev AAnalysis ReqCode: B - Screen
ALS -- Fort Collins
Analyst:Steve Workman
CASNO Target Analyte Result Reporting
Limit
Result
Qualifier
Dilution
Factor
MDL
7440-42-8 0.11BORON 0.00660.33
Page 4 of 6Tuesday, November 07, 2017Date Printed:
Data Package ID:IT1711043-1
LIMS Version: 6.847
ALS -- Fort Collins
Lab Name:
Client Name:Tetra Tech MM, Inc.
ClientProject ID:Ashville 114-021906
Work Order Number:1711043
Method SW6010B
Total Recoverable ICP Metals
Field ID:As-7
Date Analyzed:03-Nov-17
Date Collected:25-Oct-17
Sample Matrix:WATER
Cleanup:NONE
Basis:As Received
Date Extracted:03-Nov-17
Sample Aliquot:5
Final Volume:5
Prep Batch:IP171103-1
% Moisture:N/A ml
mlRun ID:IT171103-1A11
QCBatchID:IP171103-1-1
Sample Results
Result Units:MG/L
File Name:171103A.
Lab ID:1711043-5
Clean DF:1
Prep Method:SW3005 Rev AAnalysis ReqCode: B - Screen
ALS -- Fort Collins
Analyst:Steve Workman
CASNO Target Analyte Result Reporting
Limit
Result
Qualifier
Dilution
Factor
MDL
7440-42-8 0.11BORONU 0.00660.0066
Page 5 of 6Tuesday, November 07, 2017Date Printed:
Data Package ID:IT1711043-1
LIMS Version: 6.847
ALS -- Fort Collins
Lab Name:
Client Name:Tetra Tech MM, Inc.
ClientProject ID:Ashville 114-021906
Work Order Number:1711043
Method SW6010B
Total Recoverable ICP Metals
Field ID:As-20
Date Analyzed:03-Nov-17
Date Collected:25-Oct-17
Sample Matrix:WATER
Cleanup:NONE
Basis:As Received
Date Extracted:03-Nov-17
Sample Aliquot:5
Final Volume:5
Prep Batch:IP171103-1
% Moisture:N/A ml
mlRun ID:IT171103-1A11
QCBatchID:IP171103-1-1
Sample Results
Result Units:MG/L
File Name:171103A.
Lab ID:1711043-6
Clean DF:1
Prep Method:SW3005 Rev AAnalysis ReqCode: B - Screen
ALS -- Fort Collins
Analyst:Steve Workman
CASNO Target Analyte Result Reporting
Limit
Result
Qualifier
Dilution
Factor
MDL
7440-42-8 0.11BORONJ 0.00660.084
Page 6 of 6Tuesday, November 07, 2017Date Printed:
Data Package ID:IT1711043-1
LIMS Version: 6.847
ALS -- Fort Collins
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar-Stash, PhD
Director
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON, N2V 1Z5
Tel: [phone] | Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.it2isotopes.com
Isotope Analyses for:
Tetra Tech Inc.
IT2 FILE #
170156
2017-08-25
1/2 2017-08-25
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
USA
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170156
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke/Ashville
# Sample ID Date Time Sample #δ34S Result Repeat
SO4
1 AMW‐01B 4/12/2017 1435 45535 X 10.1 9.6
2 CB‐01D 4/13/2017 928 45536 X 4.6
3 CB‐05 4/6/2017 928 45537 X 9.6
4 CB‐09BR 4/13/2017 934 45538 WNA
5 CCR‐101BR 4/12/2017 1312 45539 X 7.4 7.9
6 MW‐18BRL 4/6/2017 1506 45540 X 4.9
7 MW‐18D 4/6/2017 1419 45541 X 4.8 4.2
8 MW‐20A 4/7/2017 1019 45542 X 8.3
9 MW‐24S 4/12/2017 1154 45543 WNA
10 CCR‐102D 4/7/2017 953 45544 X 7.3
11 CCR‐102S 4/7/2017 1028 45545 X 7.1 6.5
12 EXT‐01 4/13/2017 1134 45546 X 7.0
13 GW‐01 4/10/2017 1213 45547 X 3.9 4.5
14 GW‐01BR 4/10/2017 1012 45548 X 7.9 8.0
15 GW‐01D 4/10/2017 1051 45549 X 5.9
16 GW‐02 4/11/2017 1541 45550 X 8.1
17 GW‐03 4/11/2017 1021 45551 X 7.1 7.4
18 MW‐05BR 4/13/2017 1205 45552 X ‐4.5 ‐4.6
19 MW‐05D 4/13/2017 1224 45553 X 7.2
20 MW‐06BR 4/10/2017 1021 45554 X 12.7 13.3
21 MW‐06D 4/10/2017 1226 45555 X 8.9
22 MW‐06S 4/10/2017 1034 45556 X 7.9
23 MW‐08S 4/7/2017 916 45557 X 7.3 7.6
24 MW‐09BR 4/12/2017 1108 45558 X 8.7
25 MW‐09D 4/12/2017 1053 45559 X 7.4
26 MW‐10 4/11/2017 1440 45560 X 10.1
27 MW‐16A 4/12/2017 1346 45561 X 8.8 8.8
28 MW‐16BR 4/12/2017 1323 45562 X 9.1
29 MW‐18BR 4/6/2017 1345 45563 X 4.8
30 SWFBR‐1 4/19/2017 945 45564 X 7.9 8.2
31 SWFBR‐2 4/18/2017 1130 45565 X 8.2
32 SWFBR‐3 4/18/2017 1025 45566 X 7.9
33 SWFBR‐4 4/18/2017 945 45567 X 6.6
34 SWL J‐1 4/18/2017 1445 45568 X 6.7
35 SW‐06 4/8/2017 1400 45569 X 10.2
Notes:
WNA: Was Not analyzed
Instrument Used:
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) - MAT 253, Thermo Scientific, Germany
Coupled with Elemental Analyzer (EA), Fisons Instruments, Italy
Standard Used:
IAEA-SO-6 / IT2-520 / IAEA-SO-5 / IT2-518 / NBS-127
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.5‰
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
34S SO4 Analyses
VCDT
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
2/2 2017-08-25
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
USA
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170156
Project Number:114-021906
# Sample ID Date Time Sample #
87Sr/86Sr Result StdErr (abs) StdDev (abs)
1 AMW‐01B 4/12/2017 1435 45535 X 0.726668 2.87119E‐06 3.45737E‐05
45535R 0.726672 3.36723E‐06 4.01252E‐05
2 CB‐01D 4/13/2017 928 45536 X 0.722277 2.84408E‐06 3.40103E‐05
3 CB‐05 4/6/2017 928 45537 X 0.720726 4.30281E‐06 5.16337E‐05
4 CB‐09BR 4/13/2017 934 45538 X 0.726453 4.77555E‐06 5.71073E‐05
5 CCR‐101BR 4/12/2017 1312 45539 X 0.717105 2.35592E‐06 2.80740E‐05
6 MW‐18BRL 4/6/2017 1506 45540 X 0.722831 3.29783E‐06 3.92982E‐05
7 MW‐18D 4/6/2017 1419 45541 X 0.722895 5.69698E‐06 6.81260E‐05
8 MW‐20A 4/7/2017 1019 45542 X 0.718881 4.60887E‐06 5.53064E‐05
9 MW‐24S 4/12/2017 1154 45543 X 0.721924 3.09484E‐06 3.71381E‐05
10 CCR‐102D 4/7/2017 953 45544 X 0.711546 2.89594E‐06 3.45091E‐05
11 CCR‐102S 4/7/2017 1028 45545 X 0.711245 2.08852E‐06 2.48876E‐05
12 EXT‐01 4/13/2017 1134 45546 X 0.711272 4.75245E‐06 5.66320E‐05
13 GW‐01 4/10/2017 1213 45547
14 GW‐01BR 4/10/2017 1012 45548 X 0.725721 3.90965E‐06 4.70784E‐05
15 GW‐01D 4/10/2017 1051 45549
16 GW‐02 4/11/2017 1541 45550 X 0.713115 5.89121E‐06 7.09396E‐05
17 GW‐03 4/11/2017 1021 45551 X 0.712245 2.96099E‐06 3.54083E‐05
18 MW‐05BR 4/13/2017 1205 45552 X 0.719263 2.46591E‐06 2.92811E‐05
19 MW‐05D 4/13/2017 1224 45553 X 0.722531 6.47301E‐06 7.79454E‐05
20 MW‐06BR 4/10/2017 1021 45554 X 0.720120 5.86294E‐06 7.03552E‐05
21 MW‐06D 4/10/2017 1226 45555 X 0.714367 4.91466E‐06 5.85650E‐05
22 MW‐06S 4/10/2017 1034 45556 X 0.714371 5.52837E‐06 6.61097E‐05
45556R 0.714380 5.45018E‐06 6.58547E‐05
23 MW‐08S 4/7/2017 916 45557 X 0.711332 3.54575E‐06 4.24010E‐05
24 MW‐09BR 4/12/2017 1108 45558 X 0.724034 3.85784E‐06 4.62941E‐05
25 MW‐09D 4/12/2017 1053 45559 X 0.712884 5.51549E‐06 6.61859E‐05
26 MW‐10 4/11/2017 1440 45560 X 0.721444 3.51010E‐06 4.19747E‐05
27 MW‐16A 4/12/2017 1346 45561 X 0.718518 5.43769E‐06 6.43397E‐05
28 MW‐16BR 4/12/2017 1323 45562 X 0.719964 3.62077E‐06 4.34493E‐05
29 MW‐18BR 4/6/2017 1345 45563 X 0.726734 6.89083E‐06 8.26900E‐05
30 SWFBR‐1 4/19/2017 945 45564 X 0.716849 3.34011E‐06 3.98020E‐05
31 SWFBR‐2 4/18/2017 1130 45565 X 0.716809 4.45327E‐06 5.32534E‐05
32 SWFBR‐3 4/18/2017 1025 45566 X 0.716895 7.54735E‐06 9.02532E‐05
33 SWFBR‐4 4/18/2017 945 45567 X 0.716706 5.68458E‐06 6.82149E‐05
34 SWL J‐1 4/18/2017 1445 45568 X 0.718267 3.49340E‐06 4.23552E‐05
35 SW‐06 4/8/2017 1400 45569 X 0.718253 3.01194E‐06 3.61433E‐05
Instrument Used:
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), Triton, Thermoscientific, Germany
Standard Used:
NIST-987
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.0001
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
87Sr ANALYSES
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar-Stash, PhD
Director
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON, N2V 1Z5
Tel: [phone] | Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.it2isotopes.com
Isotope Analyses for:
Tetra Tech Inc.
IT2 FILE #
170187
2017-09-15
1/2 2017-09-15
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
USA
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170187
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke/Ashville
# Sample ID Date Time Sample #
87Sr/86Sr Result StdErr (abs) StdDev (abs)
1 AW‐5B 5/15/2017 935 45989 X 0.709149 5.23686E‐06 6.26238E‐05
2 AW‐5C 5/15/2017 1010 45990 X 0.710313 7.83993E‐06 9.37520E‐05
3 AW‐5D 5/15/2017 833 45991 X 0.708991 4.18685E‐06 5.02421E‐05
4 AW‐5E 5/15/2017 910 45992 X 0.708603 3.85929E‐06 4.61504E‐05
5 AW‐6RB 5/15/2017 1145 45993 X 0.710445 7.81907E‐06 9.38288E‐05
6 MW‐04A 5/15/2017 1627 45994 X 0.711125 6.30462E‐06 7.53922E‐05
45994R 0.711139 6.91147E‐06 8.26492E‐05
7 MW‐23B 5/16/2017 955 45995 X 0.710420 4.93409E‐06 5.90031E‐05
8 OCEAN‐SUTTON 5/15/2017 1815 45996 X 0.709180 3.98677E‐06 4.78412E‐05
9 SMW‐1B 5/17/2017 1114 45997 X 0.710197 5.98713E‐06 7.23427E‐05
10 SMW‐06B 5/17/2017 1459 45998 X 0.709662 8.83354E‐06 1.06002E‐04
11 SMW‐06C 5/17/2017 1440 45999 X 0.709568 4.72349E‐06 5.70741E‐05
12 SMW‐06D 5/17/2017 1417 46000 X 0.708366 3.63137E‐06 4.32727E‐05
13 AMW‐03B 4/12/2017 942 46001 X 0.726005 5.53406E‐06 6.61778E‐05
14 CB‐09 4/13/2017 1004 46002 X 0.718069 4.82611E‐06 5.75097E‐05
15 CB‐09SL 4/13/2017 1110 46003 X 0.718057 6.48906E‐06 7.70534E‐05
16 GW‐01D 4/10/2017 1051 46004 X 0.722078 8.76841E‐06 1.04119E‐04
Instrument Used:
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), Triton, Thermoscientific, Germany
Standard Used:
NIST-987
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.0001
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
87Sr ANALYSES
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
2/2 2017-09-15
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
USA
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170187
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke/Ashville
# Sample ID Date Time Sample # δ
34S Result Repeat
SO4
1 AW‐5B 5/15/2017 935 45989 X 5.7
2 AW‐5C 5/15/2017 1010 45990 X 0.7 0.8
3 AW‐5D 5/15/2017 833 45991 X 33.7
4 AW‐5E 5/15/2017 910 45992 X 40.7 40.6
5 AW‐6RB 5/15/2017 1145 45993 X 6.1
6 MW‐04A 5/15/2017 1627 45994
7 MW‐23B 5/16/2017 955 45995 X 2.0
8 OCEAN‐SUTTON 5/15/2017 1815 45996 X 20.9 21.0
9 SMW‐1B 5/17/2017 1114 45997 X 6.5
10 SMW‐06B 5/17/2017 1459 45998 X 6.8
11 SMW‐06C 5/17/2017 1440 45999 X 10.6 10.7
12 SMW‐06D 5/17/2017 1417 46000
13 AMW‐03B 4/12/2017 942 46001
14 CB‐09 4/13/2017 1004 46002
15 CB‐09SL 4/13/2017 1110 46003
16 GW‐01D 4/10/2017 1051 46004
Instrument Used:
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) - MAT 253, Thermo Scientific, Germany
Coupled with Elemental Analyzer (EA), Fisons Instruments, Italy
Standard Used:
IAEA-SO-6 / IT2-520 / IAEA-SO-5 / IT2-518 / NBS-127
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.5‰
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
34S SO4 Analyses
VCDT
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar-Stash, PhD
Director
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON, N2V 1Z5
Tel: [phone] | Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.it2isotopes.com
Isotope Analyses for:
Tetra Tech Inc.
IT2 FILE #
170256
2017-11-27
1/2 2017-11-27
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins
Colorado 80525
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170256
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke/Ashville
# Sample ID Date Sample #
87Sr/86Sr Result StdErr (abs) StdDev (abs)
1 8 HOYT 5/5/2017 47121 X 0.724107 5.53140E‐06 6.59142E‐05
47121R 0.724103 6.58173E‐06 7.89808E‐05
2 25 HOYT 5/5/2017 47122 X 0.722283 4.43939E‐06 5.30874E‐05
3 AS‐9 5/5/2017 47123 X 0.722669 5.13422E‐06 6.18242E‐05
4 42 HOYT 5/5/2017 47124 X 0.719626 3.75798E‐06 4.52521E‐05
5 44 HOYT 5/5/2017 47125 X 0.726909 4.51172E‐06 5.45153E‐05
Instrument Used:
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), Triton, Thermoscientific, Germany
Standard Used:
NIST-987
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.0001
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
87Sr ANALYSES
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
2/2 2017-11-27
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins
Colorado 80525
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170256
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke/Ashville
# Sample ID Date Sample # δ
34S Result Repeat
SO4
1 8 HOYT 5/5/2017 47121 X NP
2 25 HOYT 5/5/2017 47122
3 AS‐9 5/5/2017 47123 X 14.9
4 42 HOYT 5/5/2017 47124
5 44 HOYT 5/5/2017 47125
X 6.9 7.0
NP: No precipitation
Instrument Used:
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) - MAT 253, Thermo Scientific, Germany
Coupled with Elemental Analyzer (EA), Fisons Instruments, Italy
Standard Used:
IAEA-SO-6 / IT2-520 / IAEA-SO-5 / IT2-518 / NBS-127
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.5‰
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
34S SO4 Analyses
VCDT
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar-Stash, PhD
Director
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON, N2V 1Z5
Tel: [phone] | Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.it2isotopes.com
Isotope Analyses for:
Tetra Tech Inc.
IT2 FILE #
170296
2018-01-19
1/2 2018-01-19
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins
Colorado 80525
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170296
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Ashville
#Sample ID Sample #87Sr/86Sr Result StdErr (abs) StdDev (abs)
Date Time
1 AS‐17 10/25/2017 10:15 47684 X 0.730098 4.08692E‐06 4.88724E‐05
2 AS‐13 10/25/2017 10:40 47685 X 0.724341 6.00758E‐06 7.13360E‐05
3 AS‐11 10/25/2017 11:15 47686 X 0.724900 7.95177E‐06 9.57520E‐05
4 AS‐14 10/25/2017 11:45 47687 X 0.724548 6.92023E‐06 8.36174E‐05
5 AS‐7 10/25/2017 12:45 47688 X 0.721312 7.46267E‐06 8.92406E‐05
6 AS‐20 10/25/2017 3:00 47689 X 0.725125 6.32286E‐06 7.58743E‐05
Instrument Used:
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), Triton, Thermoscientific, Germany
Standard Used:
NIST-987
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.0001
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
87Sr ANALYSES
Sample Collection
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
2/2 2018-01-19
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins
Colorado 80525
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:170296
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Ashville
#Sample ID Sample #δ34S Result Repeat
Date Time SO4
1 AS‐17 10/25/2017 10:15 47684 X ‐1.0
2 AS‐13 10/25/2017 10:40 47685 X 3.6
3 AS‐11 10/25/2017 11:15 47686 X 5.4
4 AS‐14 10/25/2017 11:45 47687 X 5.7 5.8
5 AS‐7 10/25/2017 12:45 47688 X 9.2
6 AS‐20 10/25/2017 3:00 47689 X 5.9
Instrument Used:
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) - MAT 253, Thermo Scientific, Germany
Coupled with Elemental Analyzer (EA), Fisons Instruments, Italy
Standard Used:
IAEA-SO-6 / IT2-520 / IAEA-SO-5 / IT2-518 / NBS-127
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.5‰
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
Sample Collection
34S SO4 Analyses
VCDT
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar-Stash, PhD
Director
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON, N2V 1Z5
Tel: [phone] | Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.it2isotopes.com
Isotope Analyses for:
Tetra Tech Inc.
IT2 FILE #
180027
2018-03-19
1/2 2018-03-19
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins
Colorado 80525
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:180027
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke
#Sample ID Sample #87Sr/86Sr Result StdErr (abs) StdDev (abs)
Date Time
1 MW‐15BRL 1/9/2018 9:00 49061 X 0.715698 5.80145E‐06 4.99060E‐05
2 MW‐16BRL 1/9/2018 10:58 49062 X 0.720026 7.30720E‐06 6.24328E‐05
3 MW‐17BRL 1/9/2018 11:49 49063 X 0.719383 8.35846E‐06 7.04296E‐05
4 MW‐16D 1/9/2018 11:54 49064 X 0.719172 5.05106E‐06 4.22602E‐05
5 MW‐25BR 1/9/2018 13:04 49065 X 0.720337 7.46739E‐06 6.42369E‐05
6 MW‐25S 1/9/2018 13:15 49066 X 0.717942 6.72820E‐06 5.70907E‐05
7 MW‐25BRL 1/9/2018 13:41 49067 X 0.719515 6.86878E‐06 5.86869E‐05
8 MW‐20BRL 1/9/2018 14:50 49068 X 0.721659 8.13482E‐06 6.85452E‐05
9 AS‐5BR 1/10/2018 9:04 49069 X 0.709440 6.90385E‐06 5.81728E‐05
10 AS‐5BRL 1/10/2018 9:46 49070 X 0.711224 1.32041E‐05 1.12041E‐04
11 PZ‐17BRL 1/10/2018 11:23 49071 X 0.723172 7.16640E‐06 6.08089E‐05
12 MW‐26BRL 1/10/2018 13:41 49072 X 0.715693 6.31681E‐06 5.35999E‐05
13 MW‐26S 1/10/2018 15:03 49073 X 0.714137 7.16288E‐06 6.03555E‐05
Instrument Used:
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), Triton, Thermoscientific, Germany
Standard Used:
NIST-987
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.0001
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
87Sr ANALYSES
Sample Collection
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
2/2 2018-03-19
Client:Tetra Tech Inc.
Address:3801 Automation Way, Suite 100
Fort Collins
Colorado 80525
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
Attn.:Ed Muller
E-mail:[e-mail]
File Number:180027
Project Number:114-021906
Project Name:Duke
#Sample ID Sample #δ34S Result Repeat
Date Time SO4
1 MW‐15BRL 1/9/2018 9:00 49061 X N.P.
2 MW‐16BRL 1/9/2018 10:58 49062 X 4.5 *
3 MW‐17BRL 1/9/2018 11:49 49063 X 3.4
4 MW‐16D 1/9/2018 11:54 49064 X 8.2 8.7
5 MW‐25BR 1/9/2018 13:04 49065 X 4.8 4.5
6 MW‐25S 1/9/2018 13:15 49066 X 5.9 5.9
7 MW‐25BRL 1/9/2018 13:41 49067 X 2.1
8 MW‐20BRL 1/9/2018 14:50 49068 X 2.4
9 AS‐5BR 1/10/2018 9:04 49069 X N.P.
10 AS‐5BRL 1/10/2018 9:46 49070 X 4.2 4.8
11 PZ‐17BRL 1/10/2018 11:23 49071 X 7.3
12 MW‐26BRL 1/10/2018 13:41 49072 X 5.8
13 MW‐26S 1/10/2018 15:03 49073 X ‐0.3 ‐0.7
Notes:
N.p.: No precipitation. 
*: small peak
Instrument Used:
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) - MAT 253, Thermo Scientific, Germany
Coupled with Elemental Analyzer (EA), Fisons Instruments, Italy
Standard Used:
IAEA-SO-6 / IT2-520 / IAEA-SO-5 / IT2-518 / NBS-127
Typical Standard deviation:
±0.5‰
Approved by:
Orfan Shouakar‐Stash, PhD 
Director 
Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc.
695 Rupert St. Unit B, Waterloo, ON,  N2V 1Z5
Tel: 519‐886‐5555 | Fax: 519‐886‐5575 
Email: [e-mail]  
Website: www.it2isotopes.com 
Sample Collection
34S SO4 Analyses
VCDT
695 Rupert St. Unit B ‐ Waterloo ‐ Ontario ‐N2V 1Z5 ‐ Tel. 519‐886‐5555 ‐ Fax: 519‐886‐5575 ‐ www.it2isotopes.com
Environmental Isotope Laboratory Room 208 Gould-Simpson Building
Geosciences Department [phone]
University of Arizona [e-mail]
Data report for:
Ed Muller 8-May-17
Tetra Tech Inc.
3801 Automation Way
Fort Collins CO 80525
Project # 114-021906
REPORT OF ANALYSES
34 sample for H and O isotopes in water and tritium
W Sample Date Time δ18O ‰δD ‰
VSMOW VSMOW
W66583 AMW-01B -3.3 -21.1
W66584 AMW-03B -6.4 -37.5
W66585 CB-01 -5.9 -31.8
W66586 CB-01D -6.2 -34.1
W66587 CB-04B -2.9 -21.7
W66588 CB-05 -3.9 -23.7
W66589 CB-09 -3.3 -20.8
W66590 CB-09BR -2.4 -18.2
W66591 CB-09SL -2.8 -19.3
W66592 CCR-101BR -3.4 -22.9
W66593 CCR-102D -2.1 -18.4
W66594 CCR-102S -2.5 -19.4
W66595 EXT-01 -1.8 -17.5
W66596 GW-01 -3.0 -21.2
W66597 GW-01BR -6.1 -35.7
W66598 GW-01D -2.9 -20.9
W66599 GW-02 -2.5 -18.6
W66600 GW-03 -3.6 -23.4
W66601 MW-05BR -5.0 -30.2
W66602 MW-05D -3.8 -24.4
W66603 MW-06BR -5.4 -32.6
W66604 MW-06D -1.6 -14.8
W66605 MW-06S -1.3 -14.0
W66606 MW-08S -2.4 -18.9
W66607 MW-09BR -2.6 -20.8
W66608 MW-09D -3.4 -24.2
W66609 MW-10 -6.0 -33.7
W66610 MW-16A -4.5 -27.6
W66611 MW-16BR -5.2 -29.9
W66612 MW-18BR -2.8 -20.1
W66613 MW-18BRL -5.6 -34.6
W66614 MW-18D -3.0 -20.7
W66615 MW-20A -2.0 -13.3
W66616 MW-24S -6.1 -35.5
Analytical precision (1σ)0.10 1.0
David Dettman
Research Scientist
1 of 1
Environmental Isotope Laboratory Room 208 Gould-Simpson Building
Geosciences Department [phone]
University of Arizona [e-mail]
Data report for:
Ed Muller 6 July 2017
Tetra Tech Inc.
3801 Automation Way
Fort Collins CO 80525
Project # 114-021906
REPORT OF ANALYSES
34 water samples for tritium T activity at collection date
AT Sample Tritium, TU Error, TU
AT5624 AMW-01B 3.7 0.23
AT5625 AMW-03B 5.7 0.26
AT5626 CB-01 4.3 0.23
AT5627 CB-01D 4.5 0.26
AT5628 CB-04B 4.0 0.26
AT5629 CB-05 4.7 0.2
AT5630 CB-09 3.6 0.23
AT5631 CB-09BR 5.4 0.31
AT5632 CB-09SL 4.4 0.27
AT5633 CCR-101BR 4.0 0.24
AT5634 CCR-102D 4.9 0.27
AT5635 CCR-102S 3.8 0.23
AT5636 EXT-01 4.4 0.28
AT5637 GW-01 3.8 0.23
AT5638 GW-01BR 5.7 0.25
AT5639 GW-01D 4.5 0.24
AT5640 GW-02 4.2 0.23
AT5641 GW-03 5.2 0.26
AT5642 MW-05BR 4.3 0.25
AT5643 MW-05D 4.5 0.21
AT5644 MW-068R 1.1 0.23
AT5645 MW-06D 4.3 0.29
AT5646 MW-06S 4.5 0.25
AT5647 MW-08S 4.1 0.23
AT5648 MW-09BR 3.9 0.21
AT5649 MW-09D 3.9 0.24
AT5650 MW-10 4.2 0.2
AT5651 MW-16A 5.2 0.29
AT5652 MW-16BR 4.4 0.23
AT5653 MW-18BR 4.5 0.4
AT5654 MW-18BRL 1.7 0.24
AT5655 MW-18D 4.5 0.24
AT5656 MW-20A 5.0 0.25
AT5657 MW-24S 4.4 0.42
Detection Limit, 9.5 x enrichment, 1500 minutes count 0.4
Explanation of tritium data: The detection limit, 0.4 TU, is calculated as 0 + 2 sigma for low-counting
samples, and applies for 10-fold enrichment and 1500 minutes of counting. Lower limits are
possible for higher enrichment factors.
A sample with a mean calculated TU value between 0 and 1 sigma , say 0.20 ± 0.35 TU, is reported
thus: <0.9 TU (= 0.2 + 2 x 0.35). A sample with a mean calculated TU value between 1 and
2 sigma , say 0.51 ± 0.38, is reported thus: <1.3 (Apparent 0.5), where 1.3 = 0.51 + 2 x 0.38, rounded.
Samples with calculated TU values greater than 2 are reported thus: 1.1 ± 0.4 TU.
David L. Dettman
Research Scientist
Director Environmental Isotope Laboratory
1 of 1
Environmental Isotope Laboratory Room 208 Gould-Simpson Building
Geosciences Department [phone]
University of Arizona [e-mail]
Data report for:
Ed Muller 21 August 2017
Tetra Tech Inc.
3801 Automation Way
Fort Collins CO 80525
Project # 114-021906
REPORT OF ANALYSES
7 samples for H and O isotopes in water and 6 for tritium
W Sample Date Time δ18O ‰δD ‰
VSMOW VSMOW
W66681 SWFBR-1 -5.8 -29.5
W66682 SWFBR-2 -5.9 -28.7
W66683 SWFBR-3 -5.7 -29.0
W66684 SWFBR-4 -5.8 -28.9
W66685 SWLJ-1 -1.0 -10.2
W66686 SW-06 -4.9 -24.8
W66687 AVL RAIN -2.7 -0.7
Analytical precision (1σ)0.10 1.0
REPORT OF ANALYSES - TRITIUM
6 water samples for tritium T activity at collection date
AT Sample Tritium, TU Error, TU
AT5664 SWFBR-1 4.9 0.24 0
AT5665 SWFBR-2 5.0 0.3 0
AT5666 SWFBR-3 3.7 0.27 0
AT5667 SWFBR-4 3.8 0.24 0
AT5668 SWLJ-1 5.5 0.26 0
AT5669 SW-06 5.0 0.31
Detection Limit, 9.5 x enrichment, 1500 minutes count 0.4
Explanation of tritium data: The detection limit, 0.4 TU, is calculated as 0 + 2 sigma for low-counting
samples, and applies for 10-fold enrichment and 1500 minutes of counting. Lower limits are
possible for higher enrichment factors.
A sample with a mean calculated TU value between 0 and 1 sigma , say 0.20 ± 0.35 TU, is reported
thus: <0.9 TU (= 0.2 + 2 x 0.35). A sample with a mean calculated TU value between 1 and
2 sigma , say 0.51 ± 0.38, is reported thus: <1.3 (Apparent 0.5), where 1.3 = 0.51 + 2 x 0.38, rounded.
Samples with calculated TU values greater than 2 are reported thus: 1.1 ± 0.4 TU.
David Dettman
Research Scientist
1 of 1
Environmental Isotope Laboratory Room 208 Gould-Simpson Building
Geosciences Department [phone]
University of Arizona [e-mail]
Data report for:
Ed Muller 21 August 2017
Tetra Tech Inc.
3801 Automation Way
Fort Collins CO 80525
Project # 114-021906, Duke Ashville
In Progress
REPORT OF ANALYSES
5 samples for H and O isotopes in water and 5 for tritium
W Sample Date Time δ18O ‰δD ‰
VSMOW VSMOW
W66818 8 HOYT 5/5/2017 -6.0 -33.0
W66819 25 HOYT 5/5/2017 -6.8 -38.6
W66820 AS9 5/5/2017 -6.3 -37.0
W66821 42 HOYT 5/5/2017 -5.9 -32.9
W66822 44 HOYT 5/5/2017 -6.2 -34.4
Analytical precision (1σ)0.10 1.0
REPORT OF ANALYSES - TRITIUM
5 water samples for tritium T activity at collection date
AT Sample Tritium, TU Error, TU
AT5688 8 HOYT 4.3 0.26 0
AT5689 25 HOYT 1.2 0.25 0
AT5690 AS9 1.9 0.31 0
AT5691 42 HOYT 4.4 0.24 0
AT5692 44 HOYT 3.5 0.24 0
Detection Limit, 9.5 x enrichment, 1500 minutes count 0.4
Explanation of tritium data: The detection limit, 0.4 TU, is calculated as 0 + 2 sigma for low-counting
samples, and applies for 10-fold enrichment and 1500 minutes of counting. Lower limits are
possible for higher enrichment factors.
A sample with a mean calculated TU value between 0 and 1 sigma , say 0.20 ± 0.35 TU, is reported
thus: <0.9 TU (= 0.2 + 2 x 0.35). A sample with a mean calculated TU value between 1 and
2 sigma , say 0.51 ± 0.38, is reported thus: <1.3 (Apparent 0.5), where 1.3 = 0.51 + 2 x 0.38, rounded.
Samples with calculated TU values greater than 2 are reported thus: 1.1 ± 0.4 TU.
David Dettman
Research Scientist
1 of 1
Environmental Isotope Laboratory Room 208 Gould-Simpson Building
Geosciences Department [phone]
University of Arizona [e-mail]
Data report for:
Ed Muller 23 January 2018
Tetra Tech Inc.
3801 Automation Way
Fort Collins CO 80525
Project # 114-021906
REPORT OF ANALYSES
6 samples for H and O isotopes in water
W Sample Date δ18O ‰δD ‰
VSMOW VSMOW
W68361 AS-17 -6.6 -37.3
W68362 AS-13 -5.0 -32.2
W68363 AS-11 -5.1 -32.6
W68364 AS-14 -2.5 -21.9
W68365 AS-7 -6.0 -35.5
W68366 AS-20 -5.2 -33.5
Analytical precision (1σ)0.10 1.0
David Dettman
Research Scientist
1 of 1
Environmental Isotope Laboratory Room 208 Gould-Simpson Building
Geosciences Department [phone]
University of Arizona [e-mail]
Data report for:
Ed Muller 9 March 2018
Tetra Tech Inc.
3801 Automation Way
Fort Collins CO 80525
Project # 114-021906
REPORT OF ANALYSES
13 samples for H and O isotopes in water
W Sample Date δ18O ‰δD ‰
VSMOW VSMOW
W68883 MW-15BRL 1/9/2018 -5.3 -29.3
W68884 MW-16BRL 1/9/2018 -4.3 -25.0
W68885 MW-17BRL 1/9/2018 -4.3 -25.9
W68886 MW-16D 1/9/2018 -4.8 -27.4
W68887 MW-25BR 1/9/2018 -2.9 -20.1
W68888 MW-25S 1/9/2018 -2.6 -18.4
W68889 MW-25BRL 1/9/2018 -3.7 -23.8
W68890 MW-20BRL 1/9/2018 -3.0 -20.2
W68891 AS-5BR 1/10/2018 -5.5 -33.7
W68892 AS-5BRL 1/10/2018 -6.3 -36.8
W68893 PZ-17BRL 1/10/2018 -4.8 -29.6
W68894 MW-26BRL 1/10/2018 -3.7 -23.6
W68895 MW-26S 1/10/2018 -4.7 -25.7
Analytical precision (1σ)0.10 1.0
David Dettman
Research Scientist
1 of 1