20090493 Ver 1_Application_20090429

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
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DEPARTMENT OF TkAmPOmnoN y
BEVERLY PERDUE
GOVERNOR
April 29, 2009
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
ATTN: Lori Beckwith
NCDOT Coordinator
GENE Coim
SECRETARY
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Subject: Application for Section 404 Nationwide Permits 23, 33, and Section 401 Water
Quality Certification for the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 117 over West
Buffalo Creek on SR 1123 (HufSnan Creek Road) in Graham County, Federal Aid
Project No. BRZ-1123(9); Division 14; TIP No. B-4123
$240.00 debit WBS 33476.1.1
Dear Sir:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to replace Bridge No. 117
over West Buffalo Creek on SR 1123. There will be 66 feet of temporary surface water impacts and
51 feet of permanent surface water impacts.
Please see enclosed copies of the Pre-Construction Notification (PCN), Stormwater Management
Plan, USFWS concurrence letter, permit drawings and design plans. The Categorical Exclusion
(CE) was completed in February 2007 and the Right-of-Way Consultation was completed in July
2008. Documents were distributed shortly thereafter. Additional copies are available upon request.
This project calls for a letting date of December 15, 2009 and a review date of October 27, 2009.
Comments from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) will be required
prior to authorization by the Corps of Engineers. By copy of this letter and attachments, NCDOT
hereby requests NCWRC review. NCDOT requests that NCWRC forward their comments to the
Corps of Engineers and the NCDOT within 30 calendar days of receipt of this application.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TMNSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1599 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27899-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WERSITE: WWWNCDOT-ORG
LOCATION:
ENVIROTAENTAL RESOURCE CENTER
4701 ATLANnc AVENUE, SURE 118
RALEIGH NC 27804

A copy of this permit application will be posted on the NCDOT Website at:
http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/pe/. If you have any questions or need additional
information, please call Jeremy Learner at [phone].
Sincerely,
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
w/attachment
Mr. Brian Wrenn, NCDWQ (5 copies)
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Mr. Dave Baker, USACE
w/o attachment (see permit website for attachments)
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Victor Barbour, P.E., Project Services Unit
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. J. B. (Joel) Setzer, P.E., Division Engineer
Mr. Mark Davis, DEO
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Pam Williams, PDEA
Ms. Beth Harmon, EEP
Mr. Todd Jones, NCDOT External Audit Branch
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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Forth Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit ? Section 10 Permit
1b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 23 33 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? ? Yes ® No
1d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ? Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ? Riparian Buffer Authorization
1e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
? Yes ® No For the record only for Corps Permit:

? Yes ® No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in4ieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in-lieu
fee program. ? Yes ® No
1g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below. ? Yes ® No
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ? Yes ®No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: Bridge No. 117 on SR 1123 (Huffman Creek Road) over West Buffalo Creek
2b. County: Graham
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Santeetlah
2d: Subdivision name: not applicable
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no: 8-4123
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: North Carolina Department of Transportation,
3b. Deed Book and Page No.
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable): not applicable
3d. Street address: 1 South Wilmington Street
3e. City, state, zip: Raleigh, NC 27601
3f. Telephone no.: [phone]
3g. Fax no.., [phone]
3h. Email address: [e-mail]
Page 1 of 10
4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ? Agent ? Other, specify:
4b. Name: not applicable
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
4d. Street address:
4e. City, state, zip:
4f. Telephone no.:
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name: not applicable
5b. Business name
(if applicable):
5c. Street address:
5d. City, state, zip:
5e. Telephone no.:
5f. Fax no.:
5g. Email address:
Page 2 of 10
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
la. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): N/A
1b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees): Latitude: 35.34944 Longitude: - 83.86056
(DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1c. Property size: 1.84 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
proposed project: West Buffalo Creek
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: C -Tr
2c. River basin: Little Tenessee
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Bridge No. 117 is located on SR 1123 over West Buffalo Creek in Graham County. The bridge has deteriorated beyond
rehabilitation and must be replaced. The surrounding land is mixed wooded and agricultural in a rural setting.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
N/A
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
550
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
To replace a structurally deficient and functionally obsolete bridge.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Bridge replacement project involving heavy construction equipment and manual labor to install a culvert.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property
I
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:

Yes ® No ? Unknown
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
of determination was made?
? Preliminary ? Final
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Name (if known): Agency/Consultant Company:
Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
this project (including all prior phases) in the past? ? Yes ® No ? Unknown
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project? ? Yes ®No
6b. If yes, explain.
F
Page 3 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
la. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
? Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ? Buffers
? Open Waters ? Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 2f.
Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction
number - Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps - 404, 10 Area of impact
Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ - non-404, other) (acres)
Temporary T
W1 ? PEI T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W2 ? PEI T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W3 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W4 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W5 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W6 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary Impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e. 3f. 3g.
Stream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact
number - (PER) or (Corps - 404, 10 stream length
Permanent (P) or intermittent
DWQ - non-004,
width
(linear
Temporary (T) (INT)7 other) (feet) feet)
S1 ? P ®T Bottomless culvert West Buffalo ® PER ? Corps
20
46
Creek ? INT ? DWQ
S2 ® P ? T Bottomless culvert West Buffalo ® PER ? Corps 34
Creek ? INT ? DWQ
S3 ? P ® T 30" RCP install
LIT
® PER
? Corps
20
? INT ? DWQ
S4 ® P ? T 30" RCP (pipe) UT ® PER ? Corps 17
? INT ? DWQ
S5 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ?DWQ
S6 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts 117
3i. Comments:
Page 4 of 10
PCN Form -Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individual) list all open water im acts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number - (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres)
Permanent(P)or
Tem ora T
01 ?P?T
02 ?P?T
03 ?P?T
04 ?P?T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:.
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If and or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.

Pond ID
Proposed use or
ur
ose Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
p
p (acres)
number of pond
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
? Yes No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
? Neuse ? Tar-Pamlico ? Other.
Project is in which protected basin? ? Catawba ? Randleman
6b. 6c. 6d. 6e. 6f. 6g.
Buffer impact
number- Reason Buffer Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P) or for Stream name mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
Temporary T impact required?
B7 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B2 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B3 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
6h. Total buffer Impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 5 of 10
D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Replacing the bridge, with a bottomless culvert downstream was chosen rather than the traditional culvert b/c it had the
least environmental impacts and lower construction costs. Other alternatives would impact Hooper Mill Creek, which
empties into West Buffalo Creek 50' upstream of the existing bridge. The *do-nothing" altemative was not considered due
to the resulting elimination of the use of SR 1123 and dosing or removing the bridge. A moratorium for in-stream work to
protect trout is in effect from October 15 to April 15.
1b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Impacts will be minimized by constructing a bottomless culvert and surficial bridge runoff will not be directed into West
Buffalo Creek via deck drains
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State? ? Yes ® No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply): ? DWQ ? Corps

2c.
If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project? ? Mitigation bank

? Payment to in-lieu fee program
? Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete H Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank: not applicable
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete If Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ? Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ? warm ? cool ?cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested: acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete If Using a Permtttee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a pennittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 6 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation? ? Yes ® No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.

Zone 6c.
Reason for impact 6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier 6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation Is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 7 of 10
E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a . Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers Identified ? Yes ® No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1b . If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
El Yes No
?
Comments:
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a . What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? See attached Stormwater
Management Plan %
2b . Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ® Yes ? No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
2d . If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
See attached Stonmwater Management Plan
? Certified Local Government
2e . Who will be responsible for the review of the Stonmwater Management Plan? ? DWQ Stonmwater Program
? DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project? not applicable
? Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs ? NSW
? USMP
apply (check all that apply): ? Water Supply Watershed
? Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ? Yes ? No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
? Coastal counties

4a.
Which of the following state-implemented stonnwater management programs apply ? HQW
? ORW
(check all that apply):
? Session Law 2006-246
? Other:
4b. Has the approved Stonmwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached? ? Yes ? No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stonmwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ® Yes ? No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met? ® Yes ? No
Page 8 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
I a . Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/stateAocal) funds or the ® Yes ? No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ® Yes ? No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.) ® Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 21-1.0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 21-1.1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ? Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit application? ? Yes ® No
2c. If you answered `yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in ? Yes ®No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
not applicable
Page 9 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
S. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or ®Yes ? No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act ® Yes ? No
impacts.
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted. El Raleigh
® Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
Habitat assessment and survey by NCDOT biologists and concurrence with USFWS, NHP, see attached concurrence
letter.
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? T O Yes ®No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
NHP records
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation ? Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
NEPA Documentation
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? ? Yes ®No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination?
E . L, ?s k ? `??z9,a9
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name ApplicanUA nt's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
Is provided.)
Page 10 of 10
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
February 7, 2007

FEB 8 =7

Mr. Michael Turchy
Office of Natural Environment
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1598
Dear Mr. Turchy:
Subject: Endangered Species Concurrence Request for the Replacement of Bridge No. 117 on
SR 1123 over West Buffalo Creek, Graham County, North Carolina (TIP No. B-4123)
As requested by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), we have reviewed
the survey report describing the habitat analysis and survey that was conducted for the federally
endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). Our comments are provided in accordance with the
provisions of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.
1531-1543) (Act), and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.
661-667e), and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703, et seq.) (MBTA).
Federally Listed Species - The fisted species concurrence request we received was for the
NCDOT's determination that the subject project is not likely to adversely affect the federally
endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). It was determined that the project would have no affect
on the Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus), Appalachian elktoe
(Alasmidonta raveneliana), or Virginia spiraea (Spiraea virginiana) that also occur in Graham
County.
A mist-net survey, following the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Indiana bat mist-netting
protocol, was conducted within the project area on July 6 and 7, 2006, by Appalachian Technical
Services, Inc.; the species captured were the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the eastern red
bat (Lasiurus borealis), the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus),
and the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus). Given that no Indiana bats were captured and
if construction of the project takes place before the 2.5-year valid survey window time period,
we do not believe this project will have any effect on the Indiana bat. Therefore, the
requirements under section 7(c) of the Act are fulfilled for the Indiana bat. If the project does
not take place within the 2.5-year window, another survey for the Indiana bat should be
conducted. Also, please note that obligations under section 7 of the Act must be reconsidered if:
(1) new information reveals impacts of this identified action that may affect listed species or
critical habitat in a manner not previously considered, (2) this action is subsequently modified in
a manner that was not considered in this review, or (3) a new species is listed or critical habitat is
determined that may be affected by the identified action.
Fish and Wildlife Resources - We strongly recommend that the new bridge design include
provisions for the roadbed and deck drainage to flow through a vegetated buffer prior to reaching
the affected stream. This buffer should be large enough to alleviate any potential effects from
the runoff of storm water and pollutants. The bridge design should not alter the natural stream or
the stream-bank morphology or impede fish passage. Any piers or bents should be placed
outside the bank-full width of the stream. The bridge and approaches should be designed to
avoid any fill that will result in the damming or constriction of the channel or floodplain. If
spanning the floodplain is not feasible, culverts should be installed in the floodplain portion of
the approaches in order to restore some of the hydrological functions of the floodplain and
reduce high velocities of floodwaters within the affected area. Construction material should not
enter the water during demolition of the existing bridge and construction of the new bridge.
When reseeding/revegetating disturbed areas, we recommend that only native plant species be
used or, if an adequate seed source cannot be found, that noninvasive species (such as annual
rye) be used until native plants can reestablish themselves. While many of the exotic plant
species typically used in erosion-control and reclamation efforts have proven beneficial to some
wildlife species, we now know that the invasive nature of these species outweighs any short-term
erosion-control or wildlife benefits they may provide. Exotic species, including tall fescue
(native to Eurasia), Korean and Sericea lespedeza (eastern Asia species), redtop (a Eurasian
species), Sudan grass and Bermuda grass (native to Africa), and Kentucky bluegrass (native to
Eurasia and northern Canada), choke out native vegetation and often result in monocultures that
prove to be of little benefit to wildlife and can be very detrimental to the ecosystem as a whole.
Migratory Birds - The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712) prohibits the taking,
killing, possession, transportation, and importation of migratory. birds (including the bald eagle),
their eggs, parts, and nests, except when specifically authorized by the Department of the
Interior. To avoid impacts to migratory birds, we recommend conducting a visual inspection of
the bridge and any other migratory bird nesting habitat within the project area during the
migratory bird nesting season from March through September. If migratory birds are discovered
nesting in the project impact area, including on the existing bridge, the NCDOT should avoid
impacting the nests during the migratory bird nesting season (March through September). If
birds are discovered nesting on the bridge during years prior to the proposed construction date,
the NCDOT, in consultation with us, should develop measures to discourage birds from
establishing nests on the bridge by means that will not result in the take of the birds or eggs, or
the NCDOT should avoid construction and demolition activities during the nesting period.
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Denise Moldenhauer of our staff
at 828/258-3939, Ext. 226. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please
reference our Log Number 4-2-07-007.
Sincerely,
/?`' Bnan P. Cole
U Field Supervisor
cc:
Mr. Dave Baker, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Ms. Pam Williams, Project Planning Engineer, Project Development Bridge Unit, 1551 Mail
Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1551
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Project: 33476.1.1
TIP No. B-4123
Graham County
03/23/2009
Hydraulics Project Manager: Roger Weadon, P.E. (MA Engineering),
Marshal Clawson, P.E. (NCDOT Hydraulics Unit)
ROADWAY DESCRIPTION
The project B-4123 consists of constructing a 48' wide by 10' high bottomless culvert,
which is 34' long to replace the existing bridge #117 in Graham County on SR-1123 over
West Buffalo Creek. The total project length is 0.069 miles. The project creates impacts
to West Buffalo Creek and a small unnamed tributary, which are located in the Little
Tennessee River Basin. The project drainage systems consist of roadside ditches and
cross pipes culverts.
Jurisdiction Stream: West Buffalo Creek and UT to Buffalo Creek
ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION
The project is located within the Little Tennessee River Basin in Graham County. The
stream is a. trout stream and is classified as C-Tr. West buffalo Creek and the unnamed
tributary will be impacted by the proposed project however impacts have been minimized
by using a bottomless culvert that spans the stream width; shifting the roadway alignment
to avoid stream impacts; and burying the cross pipe culvert that impacts the small
unnamed tributary
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND MAJOR STRUCTURES
The primary goal of Best Management Practices (BMPs) is to prevent degradation of the
states surface waters by the location, construction and operation of the highway system.
The BMPs are activities, practices and procedures taken to prevent or reduce stormwater
pollution. The BMP measures used on this project to reduce stormwater impacts are:
v
• Bury 30" cross pipe 6" at the unnamed tributary.
• Use of Bottomless culvert structure over West Buffalo Creek.
Property Owners
1 Perry G. Stewart & Kaye McKeel
2 Hemy L. Stewart
3 Marselle S. Tallent
4 Robert K. Tallent Sr.
6 Betty Small
Roseville, GA 30741
12 Huffman Creek Road,
Robbinsville, NC 28771
3615 Colver Hill Mill Rd.
Maryville, TN 37801
4704 Wheeler Rd.
Louisville, TN 37777
978 Cliffwood Dr.
Pleasant, SC 29464
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
Graham COUNTY
WBS - 33476. 1.1 (B-4123)
SHEET
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Graham County
Bridge No. 117 on SR 1123 (Huffman Creek Road)
over West Buffalo Creek
W.B.S. No. 33476.1.1
Federal-Aid Project No. M-1123 (9)
State Project No. 8.2930701
T.I.P. Project No. 8-4123
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
DAtLE hyt
-I I

G ry 1. orpe, hD.
Environmental Management Directo
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch,
North Carolina Department of Transportation
? /y 7 f
DATE 7 n . Sullivan, III PE
Division Administrator
?? Federal Highway Administration
Graham County
Bridge No. 117 on SR 1123 (Huffman Creek Road)
over West Buffalo Creek
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1123 (9)
State Project No. 8.2930701
WBS No. 33476.1.1
T.I.P. Project No. B-4123
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
February 2007
Document Prepared By:
MA Engineering Consultants,, Inc.
598 East Chatham Street, Suite 137
Cary, NC 27511-6956
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Gai . Kogut, PE o2-13-07
Project Manager
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For the North Carolina Department of Transportation:
Pamela R. Williams
Bridge Project Planning Engineer
1AJ Ill.
dgrie L. Williams, PE
Project Engineer
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch

Graham County
Bridge:No. 117 on SR 1123 (Huffman Creek`Road)
over West Buffalo Creek
W.BS. No. 33476.1.1
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1123 (9)
State Project No. 8.2930701
T.I.P. Project No. 0-4123
PROJECT COMMITMENTS
The following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Sensitive Watershed Commitment
Roadside Environmental Unit, Division Resident Engineer - Sensitive Watersheds
West Buffalo Creek is a Hatchery-supported Designated Public Mountain Trout Water and will be
subject to all Design Standards for Sensitive Watersheds.
Troutissues
Division Resident Engineer
North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission (NCWRC) has commented that West Buffalo Creek
is a NCWRC Hatchery Supported Trout Stream. The following will be implemented to minimize
impacts to their habitat:
• In-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot buffer zone are prohibited
during the trout spawning season of October 15 through April 15
• Where concrete is used, work will be accomplished so that wet concrete does not
contact the stream water.
r Grading and back filling should be minimized. Tree and shrub growth should be
retained if possible to ensure long term availability of shoreline cover for game fish and
wildlife.
• Under no circumstances should rock, sand, or other materials be dredged from, the
stream channel except as required for the construction of the culvert footings.
• Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetations should be planted on all bare soil
within 15 days of completion of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion
control.
• Guidelines for Construction Adiacent to Trout Waters will be applied to this project.
Hydraulics Unit, Structure Design Unit, and PDEA
If hydraulically possible, Bridge No. 117 will be replaced with a bottomless culvert.
Categorical Exclusion
February 2007
Green Sheet
Page 1 of 2

Bridge Demolition
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch (PDEA)-
Natural Environment Unit (NEU)
The superstructure is constructed of timber and steel. The superstructure and the substructure
timber caps, posts, and sills will be removed without dropping into West Buffalo Creek. Removal
of the concrete footings may create a disturbance in the streambed.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Hydraulics Unit, Structure Design Unit, and PDEA
This project will be reviewed under Section 26a of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Act.
The environmental planning document, final bridge plans, hydraulic analysis of the effects of
the replacement structure on the 100-year flood elevation, and notice of compliance with the
Historic Act of 1966 will be forwarded to TVA for approval.
PDEA - Human Environment Unit (NEU)
TVA has requested to be a signatory on the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between
NCDOT and the Ea stem Band of Cherokee Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO)
regarding archaeological site 3GH457/457**, if one is executed.
Archaeoiogica/Site
Hydraulic Unit and Roadway Design Unit
PDEA - Human Environment Unit, Archaeology Group will review of the design plans to
determine the effects of the design and construction activities on archaeological
site 3GH457/457**.
Roadway Design Unit/ PDEA - NEU/ Division Resident Engineer
The NCDOT will avoid archeological site 3GH457/457** located along and to the east of
SR 1160. If the site cannot be avoided, data recovery will be performed before construction
commences. Data recovery investigation will be facilitated by the drafting of a data recovery
plan and MOA in consultation with the North Carolina Historic Preservation Office (NC HPO). A
minimum of six months following the right-of-way acquisition of the pertinent tract(s) shall be
granted for the completion of data recovery field investigations.
PDEA - NEU
A copy of the environmental planning document will be submitted to the Eastern Band of
Cherokee Indians Tribal THPO.
Indiana Bat
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch (PDEA)-
Natural Environment Unit.(NEU)
If the construction is completed within the 2.5 year survey window, an additional survey for the
Indiana bat will be conducted.
Categorical Exclusion Green Sheet
February 2007 Page 2 of 2
Graham County
Bridge No. 117 on SR 1123 (Huffman Creek Road)
over West Buffalo Creek
W.B.S. No. 33476.1.1
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1123 (9)
State Project No. 8.2930701
T.I.P. Project No. B-4123
INTRODUCTION: The replacement of Bridge No. 117 is included in the 2006-2012 North
Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program and in
the Federal-Aid Bridge Replacement Program. The location is shown in Figure 1. No substantial
environmental impacts are anticipated. The project is classified as a Federal "Categorical
Exclusion".
1. PURPOSE AND NEED STATEMENT
Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicated the bridge has a sufficiency rating of 44.8 out
of a possible 100 for a new structure. The bridge is considered functionally obsolete due
to the fad that the structural evaluation and deck geometry are rated 2 and 3,
respectively, out of 9. Also, since the structural evaluation is rated less than or equal to
2, Bridge No. 117 is considered structurally deficient. The posted weight limit on the
bridge is down to 14 tons for single vehicles (SV) and 17 tons for truck-tractor semi-
trailers (TTST). By comparison, a new bridge would be designed for 25 tons SV and 45
tons TTST.
Components of the primarily timber substructure have experienced an increasing degree
of deterioration that can no longer be addressed by maintenance activities. The bridge
deck is timber which typically has a life expectancy between 40 to 50 years due to the
natural deterioration rate of wood. The bridge is approaching the end of its useful life.
In addition, the substandard deck width is becoming increasingly unacceptable and
replacement of the bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
II. EXISTING CONDITIONS
Bridge No. 117 is located on SR 1123 (Huffman Creek Road) in Graham County over
West Buffalo Creek. SR 1123 is classified as a Rural Local Route. At present, SR 1123
provides access for fewer than 20 full/part-time residences. Although a 300-acre site will
be developed as single-family residential community near this area in the next few
years, it is not anticipated that this development will impact the bridge area.
Bridge No. 117 was constructed in 1961. The existing structure is a one-lane, single
span bridge with an overall length of 40.5 feet and a clear roadway width of 15.9 feet.
The bridge consists of a timber deck on I-beams supported on timber caps with timber
T.I.P. No. 8-4123 Page 1
Graham County
posts and struts on concrete footings. Bridge No. 117 currently has posted weight limits
of 14 tons for single vehicle (SV) and 17 tons for truck-tractor semi trailer (TTST).
The creek bed to roadway crown point height is 12 feet and the normal depth of West
Buffalo Creek is 1 foot.
The approach roadway for Bridge No. 117 is a narrow unpaved 12-foot wide dead-end
road. The bridge is located immediately adjacent to a T-intersection with SR 1160 (West
Buffalo Road). There is no posted speed limit on this bridge.
West Buffalo Creek is managed by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission as
a Hatchery Supported Trout Stream.
There are no utilities on or adjacent to the bridge.
The 2007 estimated average daily traffic (ADT) volume is 125 vehicles per-day (vpd).
The projected ADT is expected to increase to 220 vpd by the design year 2030. The
percentages of truck traffic are 2% Duals and 1% TTST.
No accidents were reported in the vicinity of the bridge during the period from June 1,
2000 to May 31, 2005.
No school buses cross Bridge No. 117.
Bridge No. 117 serves as the only access that can accommodate vehicular traffic for a
small community in the Huffman's Creek area.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
The approach roadway will consist of two 9-foot travel lanes with 2-foot shoulders on
each side.
Based on field reconnaissance of the site and a preliminary hydraulic analysis, the
existing structure could be replaced with a culvert. The existing roadway elevation
would be maintained. The length and opening size of the proposed bridge may increase
or decrease as necessary to accommodate peak flows as determined from a more
detailed hydraulic analysis to be performed during the final design phase of the project.
B. Build Alternatives
Four alternatives are considered.
Alternative 1 (see Figure 2A) proposes to construct the culvert at the upstream side and
maintain traffic on the existing bridge.
Page 2 T.I.P. No. B-4123
Graham County
Alternative 2A proposes to construct the culvert at downstream side and maintain traffic
on the existing bridge. The floodplain and stream width at the crossing location is very
wide. Refer to Figure 2B
Alternative 2B has a similar roadway alignment to Alternative 2A. In Alternative 2B, the
proposed structure is a bridge which spans the creek. Refer to Figure 2C.
Alternative 3 (see Figure 2D) proposes to construct the culvert at the existing location
and maintain traffic on an on-site detour with a temporary bridge located at downstream
side of the existing bridge to avoid the impacts to Hooper Mill Creek. A driveway is
located in the northwest quadrant of the bridge. A portion of this driveway can be
utilized as part of the on-site detour. The temporary bridge would be constructed
between tops of bank and would be approximately 50'.
The estimated structure requirements are based on the historic performances of the
existing structure and field observations of the site. There are no buildings in the
floodplain. The proposed replacement would not adversely affect the floodplain. The
structure requirements may be adjusted during final hydrologic study and hydraulic
design as determined appropriate to accommodate design flows. The proposed
alternative would not modify flow characteristics and would have minimal impact on
floodplains due to roadway encroachment. Floodway modification is not required.
Existing drainage patterns and groundwater would not be affected. The project may
require a 401 Water Quality Certification and a 404 Clean Water Act permit.
There are no gaging stations on West Buffalo Creek. NCDOT Best Management Practices
for Protection of Surface Waters would be used and maintained to eliminate siltation of
adjacent areas and streams.
C. Alternatives Eliminated from Further Study
The "do-nothing" alternative will eventually necessitate closure and/or removal of the
bridge effectively removing this section of SR 1123 from traffic service.
Investigation of the existing structure by the NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit indicates
that rehabilitation of the old bridge is not feasible due to its age and deteriorated
condition.
D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative 2A, replacing the existing bridge with a culvert downstream of the existing
location is the preferred alternative. Alternative 2A was selected because it would result
in the least environmental impacts and a lower construction cost. During final design,
the use of a bottomless culvert will be investigated.
Hooper Mill Creek empties into West Buffalo Creek only 50' upstream of the existing
bridge. Alternative 1 would impact Hooper Mill Creek near the confluence with West
Buffalo Creek. Significant lateral encroachment into floodplain of Hooper Mill Creek is
T.I.P. No. B-4123 Page 3
Graham County
expected. Roadway encroachment would severely impact the floodplain of West Buffalo
Creek.
Alternative 2B, utilizing a bridge rather than a culvert with a similar alignment to
Alternative 2A, was eliminated since a bridge would have a greater impact to the
archaeological resource located in the north-eastern portion of the project. In addition,
Alternative 2A has a lower construction cost than Alternative 2B since culverts are
usually less expensive and easier to construct than a bridge. In the long term, culverts
typically have a longer life expectancy with less maintenance compared to a bridge. The
proposed culvert will have equal or greater conveyance than the existing bridge. In
addition, the two immediate downstream structures are reinforced concrete box
culverts.
Alternative 3 was eliminated because it would have environmental impacts similar to
Alternative 2A but at a higher construction cost.
N. ESTIMATED COSTS
The estimated costs for each alternative, based on 2006 prices, are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Estimated Costs
Alternative 1 Alternative 2a Alternative 2b Alternative 3
Structure Removal
(existing)
12,900
12,900
12,900
12,900
Structure (proposed) 124,026 124,026 273,600 124,026
Detours Structure and p 0 0 49 500
Approaches
Roadway Approaches 213,600 235,400 233,300 284,380
Miscellaneous and
Mobilization 116,474 126,674 147,200 155,194
Engineering and
Contingencies
83,000
76,000
108,000
99,000
Archeological Data
Recovery 60,600 61,700 277,700 61,200
ROW/Cons/.
Easements /Utilities} 36,000 36,000 36,000 36,000
1
TOTAL $646,600 $672,700 1 $ 1,088,700 $822,
200
The right-of-way cost was determined for Alternative 2a only. The right-of-way cost for
the other alternatives would be similar or higher than shown since equal or greater
amounts of right-of-way would need to be purchased than in the proposed alternative
(Alternative 2a).
Page 4 T.I.P. No. &4123
Graham County
The total estimated cost of the project, as shown in the 2006-2012 Transportation
Improvement Program, is $700,000 including $600,000 for construction and $25,000 for
right-of-way.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources within the project study area were evaluated to provide: 1) an
assessment of existing vegetation; 2) an evaluation of probable impacts resulting from
construction; and 3) a preliminary determination of permit needs.
Field investigations along the project study area were conducted by qualified biologists
during July 2001 and again in May of 2003. Pedestrian surveys were undertaken to
determine natural resource conditions and to document natural communities, wildlife,
and the presence of protected species or their habitats.
A. Water Resources
A.1. Water Impacted
The project study area is located approximately 31/2 miles upstream and southwest of
Santeetlah Lake. It is situated in NCDWQ Subbasin 04-044 and the USGS sub-basin
06010204. West Buffalo Creek is identified by the NCDWQ Stream Index # 2-190-12,
and Hooper Mill Creek is identified by the Stream Index #2-190-1,2-3.
17-
A.2. Water Resources Characteristics
Streams, creeks, and tributaries within the project region are part of the Little
Tennessee River Basin. The basin originates in Georgia and encompasses approximately
1,800 square miles. It flows northwestward from North Carolina into Tennessee, where
it converges with the Tennessee River. Waters associated with this basin eventually
empty into the Gulf of Mexico, Via the Mississippi River. Nearly half of the land within the
basin is federally owned and consists predominantly of undeveloped forested land. Most
of the remaining privately owned lands are forested lands as well.
West Buffalo Creek and Hooper Mill Creek account for the surface waters in the project
area. Hooper Mill Creek empties into West Buffalo Creek approximately 50 feet upstream
of the existing bridge. The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) classifies
surface waters of the slate based on their intended best uses. West Buffalo Creek and a
few of its tributaries are classified as "C-Tr" waters; however, Hooper Mill Creek and all
of its tributaries are classified as "C" waters. Class C denotes waters suitable for all
general uses including aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary
recreation, and agriculture. "Tr" denotes trout waters which are suitable for natural trout
propagation and the maintenance of stocked trout. This additional classification affects
wastewater discharge, although there are no watershed development restrictions except
stream buffer zone requirements of the North Carolina Division of Land Resources.
T.I.P. No. &4123 Page 5
Graham County
No High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I or WS-II), or Outstanding
Resource Waters (ORW) occur within the project vicinity. However, the portion of
Snowbird Creek from its source downstream to Polecat Branch, located approximately
two miles south of the project area, is classified as HQW. HQW are waters that are rated
as excellent based on biological and physical/chemical characteristics through division
monitoring or special studies, native and special trout waters, primary nursery areas,
critical habitat areas, water supply watersheds classified as WS-I or WS-II, and all Gass
SA waters.
Point source dischargers located throughout North Carolina are regulated through the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Dischargers are
required by law to register for a permit. According to NCDWQ (1997), there are seven
permitted NPDES dischargers in the subbasin, all minor dischargers (<1.0 MGD). Three
of the dischargers are upstream of the project area and are all located along West
Buffalo Creek approximately 2 to 6 miles upstream of the project site. The dischargers
are identified as Riverbend Trout Farm, Glennwood Trout Farm, and Hemlock Trout
Farm. There are no other NPDES regulated dischargers within the West Buffalo Creek
watershed.
A.3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
Cut and fill activities associated with bridge approaches and/or relocated road will
impact soils due to removal, relocation, and compaction.
The primary sources of water-quality degradation in rural areas are agricultural
operations and construction. Precautions should be taken to minimize impacts to water
resources in the project area during construction. Aquatic organisms are very sensitive
to discharges and inputs resulting from construction. Appropriate measures must be
taken to avoid spillage and control runoff. Potential impacts associated with
construction of the proposed project include: increased sedimentation, scouring of the
streambed, soil compaction, and loss of shading due to vegetation removal. Increased
sedimentation from lateral flows is also expected. Measures to minimize these potential
impacts include the formulation of an erosion and sedimentation control plan, provisions
for waste materials and storage, stormwater management measures, and appropriate
road maintenance measures. NCDOT's "Best Management Practices for Protection of
Surface Waters and Sedimentation Control' (BMP-PSW) guidelines should be strictly
enforced during the construction stages of the project.
West Buffalo Creek in the project area are classified as C-Tr, and Graham County is
located in one of the 25 mountain counties designated by the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission (NCWRC) as containing Mountain Trout Waters (MTWs).
Therefore, NCDOT will coordinate with NCDWQ and strictly adhere to North Carolina
regulation entitled, "Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024)
throughout design and construction of the project. NCWRC has requested a
construction moratorium on in-stream activities and construction activities within the 25-
foot buffer to limit the effects on fishery resources. West Buffalo Creek is a Designated
Public Mountain Trout Waters further classified as Hatchery Supported (HS) from the
confluence of Hooper Mill Creek and Little Buffalo Creek to Santeetlah Reservoir.
Page 6 T.I.P. No. B-4123
Graham County

West Buffalo Creek is designated as "C-Tr" waters. Because of this designation and the
potential trout species present, Mr. Scott Loftis (NCWRC District 9 Biologist) requests a
moratorium on in-stream and adjacent buffer area activities between October 15 and
April 15. In order to minimize potential impacts to water resources in the project study
area, NCDOT's BMP-PSW should be strictly enforced during the construction phase of
the project. Limiting in-stream activities and revegetating stream banks immediately
following the completion of grading can further reduce impacts.
A.4. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
In order to protect the water quality and aquatic life in the area affected by this project,
the NCDOT and all contractors will follow appropriate guidelines for bridge demolition
and removal. These guidelines are presented in three NCDOT documents entitled: Pre-
Construction Guidelines for Bridge Demo/loon and Removal,, Policy. Brdge Demolition
and Removal in Waters of the United States, and Best Management Practices for Bridge
Demolition and Removal. The bridge will be removed without dropping components into
Waters of the United States.
B. Special Topic
B.1. Waters of the United States
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires regulation of discharges into "Waters of the
United States." The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is the principal
administrative agency of the Clean Water Act; however, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE) has the responsibility for implementation, permitting, and
enforcement of the provisions of the Act. The USACE regulatory program is defined in 33
CFR 320-330.
Surface Waters
The NCDWQ defines a perennial stream as a clearly defined channel that contains water
for the majority of the year. These channels usually have some or all of the following
characteristics: distinctive stream bed and bank, aquatic life, and groundwater flow or
discharge. Two perennial streams were identified in the project area, West Buffalo
Creek and Hooper Mill Creek. At the time of the site visit, West Buffalo Creek had a
stream depth of 1 to 2 feet, a bank height of 8 to 10 feet, and was approximately 30
feet wide. The streambed was comprised of parent material ranging in size from sift to
boulders, and the stream maintained a moderate flow. Hooper Mill Creek near the
confluence with West Buffalo Creek had a stream depth of 0.5 to 1 foot, a bank height
of 3 to 4 feet, and was approximately 10 feet wide. The bed substrate was comprised
of parent material ranging in size from sand to cobbles, and a relatively fast flow was
observed.
West Buffalo Creek and Hooper Mill Creek are both classified as jurisdictional waters.
Directly south of Hooper Mill Creek, well out of the project study area, lies another
jurisdictional stream. This small, first order stream flows in a west to east direction and
appears to flow underground prior to merging with West Buffalo Creek.
T.I.P. No. B-4123
Graham County
Page 7
I
Jurisdictional Wetlands
No jurisdictional wetland areas were observed within the study area. However, one
small area located south of Hooper Mill Creek and west of West Buffalo Creek exhibits
characteristics similar to a mountain bog. This potential wetland area lies well south of
Hooper Mill Creek. Construction activities associated with replacement of Bridge No. 117
pose no threat to this system.
6.2. Impacts to Waters of the United States
Some impacts to West Buffalo Creek and
bridge abutments and associated channel
wetlands in the project area; thus, there
associated with this bridge replacement.
Hooper Mill Creek may be anticipated for
stabilization. There are no jurisdictional
are no impacts to jurisdictional wetlands
The existing structure consists of a timber deck on I-beams. The substructure consists
of timber caps and interior bents consisting of timber posts and sills on concrete
footings. The bridge will be removed without dropping into West Buffalo Creek. Removal
of the concrete sills may create a disturbance in the streambed.
B.3. Permits
Impacts to "Waters of the United States" come under the jurisdiction of the USACE. The
Nationwide Permit #23 (Approved Categorical Exclusions) should cover the impacts to
jurisdictional streams in the project area. A Nationwide 33 Permit may be required for
the removal of the existing concrete footings and installation of the new culvert along
with the temporary construction access. The applicability of a Section 401 General Water
Quality Certification will be evaluated by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR), Division of Water Quality.
A Section 401 General Water Quality Certification is also required for any activity which
may result in a discharge into "Waters of the United States" or for which an issuance of
a federal permit or license is issued. Certifications are administered through the
NCDWQ.
Final determination of permit applicability lies with the USACE. NCDOT will coordinate
with the USACE after the completion of final design to obtain the necessary permits.
Graham County is listed by the NCWRC as a county with Mountain Trout Waters
(MTWs). No discharge activities will be authorized by Nationwide Permits within MTW
counties without a letter of approval from the NCWRC and written concurrence from the
Wilmington District Engineer.
C. Federally-Protected Species
Plants and animals with a federal designation of Endangered (E), Threatened (T),
Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under
provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended. The USFWS lists five federally-protected species for Graham County as of the
Page 8 T.I.P. No. B-4123
Graham County

April 27, 2006 listing. The NCNHP database, updated January 2004, provides the State
status for each of these federally-protected species.
Bog Turtle (Ciemmysrnahfenbergil)
Federal Status: THREATENED (SIMILAR APPEARANCE)
State Status: THREATENED
Biological Condusion: No Effect
Suitable habitat for the bog turtle is not present in the project study area. NCNHP
has no records of any known populations of the bog turtle within a one-mile radius
of the project area. This species will not be impacted as a result of project
construction.
Carolina northern flying squirrel (Giauavmyssabrinuscvloratus)
Federal Status: ENDANGERED
State Status: ENDANGERED
Biological Condusion: No Effect
Suitable habitat for the Carolina northern flying squirrel is not present in the project
study area, since it is considerably lower than preferred habitat elevation. NCNHP
has no records of any known populations of the Carolina northern flying squirrel
within a one-mile radius of the project area. Therefore, this species will not be
impacted as a result of project construction.
Indiana bat (Myotissodaifs)
Federal Status: ENDANGERED
State Status: ENDANGERED
Biological Condusion: May Affect/ Not likely to Adversely Affect
Suitable foraging and roosting habitats for the Indiana bat consisting of riparian
forest and bottomland hardwood forests are present within the study area along
West Buffalo Creek and Hooper Mill Creek. The NCNHP has no records of any
known populations of the Indiana bat within a one-mile radius of the project area. A
survey for Indiana bats was conducted from July Sth through the 7th of 2006. No
Indiana bats were captured. USFWS concurred with this biological conclusion as
stated in the attached memorandum.
Appalachian Elktoe (Aiasmidonta raveneiiana)
Federal Status: ENDANGERED
State Status: ENDANGERED
Biological Condusion. No Effect
NCNHP has no records of any known populations of the Appalachian elktoe within a
one-mile radius of the project area. Prescreening by mussel specialists from WRC,
USFWS, and a consulting firm determined that the high stream gradient at the
project site would preclude the presence of mussels. Subsequent to the
prescreening, a mussel survey was performed by qualified NCDOT biologists. No
T.I.P. No. 8-4123
Graham County
.Page 9

specimens were found. Furthermore, the host fish that carry the Appalachian elktoe
glochdia were not observed.
Virginia spiraea (Spiraea viiginiana)
Federal Status: THREATENED
State Status: ENDANGERED
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Minimal habitat needed to support the Virginia spiraea is present within the project
area along West Buffalo Creek immediately surrounding the existing bridge.
Biologists conducted plant-by-plant surveys for Virginia spiraea during the flowering
season in the project area. No individuals were observed. To determine the
probable occurrence of species considered Threatened or Endangered (T&E) the site
was re-surveyed during the optimal survey window for North Carolina's Federally
Threatened and Endangered plant species (Dale Suiter 2001). The project study area
was re-surveyed during May 2003. The timing of the survey coincided with the
initiation of the flowering period for Virginia spiraea. While the project study area
does include two stream reaches exhibiting some of the habitat characteristics
required for Virginia spiraea, overall there is only minimal habitat found along both
West Buffalo Creek and Hooper Mill Creek. Again no specimens of Virginia spiraea
were observed in the project study area. NCNHP does not list any known
occurrences of the species within two miles of the project area. No impacts are
expected to any population of Virginia spiraea from the proposed project.
Rock Gnome Lichen (Gymnoeferma iineare)
Federal Status: ENDANGERED
State Status: THREATENED
Biological Condusion: No Effect
Suitable habitat for the rock gnome lichen is not present in the project study area
due to the relatively low elevation and lack of rock outcroppings in the study area.
NCNHP has no records of any known populations of the rock gnome lichen within a
one-mile radius of the project area. Therefore, this species will not be impacted as a
result of project construction.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966; as amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Section 106 requires federal agencies to take into account the effects of their
undertakings (federally funded, licensed, or permitted projects) on properties listed in or
eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and to afford the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment.
Page 10 T.I.P. No. 8,4123
Graham County

B. Historic Architecture
A field survey of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) was conducted on October 10, 2002.
All structures within the APE were photographed, and later reviewed by NCDOT
architectural historians and staff of the State Historic Preservation Office (HPO). In a
concurrence form dated July 8, 2003, the NCDOT, FHWA, and HPO concurred that there
are no historic architectural resources either listed in or eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places within the APE. A copy of the concurrence form and the
memorandum are included in the Appendix.
C. Archaeology
An intensive archaeological survey was conducted in the fall of 2003. A previously
unrecorded archaeological site 3GH457/457** was identified during the investigation.
Site 3GH457/457** is believed to have the potential to yield significant archaeological
data pertaining to prehistory. The site has been recommended as eligible for inclusion
on the National Register. If the site cannot be avoided, data recovery will be performed
before construction commences. Data recovery investigation will be facilitated by the
drafting of a data recovery plan and MOA in consultation with the North Carolina Historic
Preservation Office (NC HPO). A copy of the SHPO memorandum is included in the
Appendix.
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
The project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of an
inadequate bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
The project is a Federal "Categorical Exclusion" due to its limited scope and lack of
significant environmental consequences.
The bridge replacement will not have an adverse effect on the quality of the human or
natural environment with the use of current NCDOT standards and specifications.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No
significant change in land use is expected to result from construction of the project.
No adverse impact on families or communities is anticipated. Right of way acquisition
will be limited. No relocatees are expected with implementation of the proposed
alternative.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the area.
There are no publicly owned recreational facilities, or wildlife and waterfowl refuges of
national, state, or local significance in the vicinity of the project.
T.I.P. No. B-4123 Page 11
Graham County

No vertical or horizontal control monuments will be impacted during construction of this
project
The project will not have a disproportionately high and adverse human health and
environmental effect on any minority or low-income population.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or their representatives
to consider the potential impacts to prime and important farmland soils by all land
acquisition and construction projects. Prime and important farmland soils are defined by
the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Since the soil survey information is
unavailable for Graham County the NRCS could not evaluate the importance of the lands
in the immediate vicinity of the proposed bridge.
This project is an air quality neutral project in accordance with 40 CFR 93.126. It is not
required to be included in the regional emissions analysis (if applicable) and project level
CO or PM2.5 analyses are not required. This project will not result in any meaningful
changes in traffic volumes, vehicle mix, location of the existing facility, or any other
factor that would cause an increase in emissions impacts relative to the no-build
alternative. Therefore, FHWA has determined that this project will generate minimal air
quality impacts for Clean Air Act criteria pollutants and has not been linked with any
special MSAT concems. Consequently, this effort is exempt from analysis for MSATs.
Any burning of vegetation shall be performed in accordance with applicable local laws
and regulations of the North Carolina State Implementation Plan (SIP) for air quality
compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520.
Noise levels may increase during project construction; however, these impacts are not
expected to be substantial considering the relatively short-term nature of construction
noise and the limitation of construction to daytime hours. The transmission loss
characteristics of nearby natural elements and man-made structures are believed to be
sufficient to moderate the effects of intrusive construction noise.
An examination of records at the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section and the North Carolina
Department of Human Resources, Solid Waste Management Section revealed no
hazardous waste sites in the project area.
A field investigation and examination of records reveal that no underground storage
tanks exist in the project study area.
Graham County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Regular Program. This
site on West Buffalo Creek is not included in a detailed FEMA flood study. Attached is a
copy of the Flood Insurance Rate Map, on which are shown the approximate limits of
the 100-year flood plain in the vicinity of the project.
On the basis of the above discussion, it is concluded that no significant adverse
environmental effects will result from implementation of the project.
Page 12 T.I.P. No. B-4123
Graham County
VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Efforts were undertaken early in the planning process to contact local officials to involve
them in the project development with scoping letters. For this bridge replacement study,
all of the alternatives will provide for the maintenance of traffic on-site during
construction of the replacement structure. There are no anticipated relocates and
minimal impacts to surrounding properties. Therefore, no formal public involvement
program was initiated.
IX. AGENCY COMMENTS
Agency comments are summarized below.
1. United States Department of the Interior Fish & Wildlife Service (USFW)
Comment: "unresolved for listed species, Indiana Ba4 dose coordination with USFS,
high quality stream."
Response: Although suitable habits occur for the Indiana Bat, no individuals were
found during the endangered species survey. No individuals of any federally
protected species were found in the project study area. No high quality waters are
present in the project vicinity.
2. North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission, Habitat Conservation Program
Concerns:
• Replacement of the existing bridge with a culvert, thus leading to the potential
loss of trout habitat in this stretch of the creek
• Effects to Hooper Mill Creek
Response: Replacement of the existing bridge with another bridge would cause
substantial impacts to the archaeological resource in the eastern portion of the
project. The preferred alternative will relocate the structure over West Buffalo Creek
downstream from its existing location, further away from the confluence with Hooper
Mill Creek. If hydraulically possible, the preferred structure is a bottomless culvert.
T.I.P. No. B-4123 Page 13
Graham County
FIGURES
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Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
January 23, 2002
MENIOPL 1NDUM
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North Carolina. Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Division of Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
TO: William D. Gilmore, Manager
Project Development and Environmental Ualysis Branch
Division of Highwavs
Department of Transportation
FRObL David Brook J (,
SL'B U LCt' t- 3 ' D
JECT: Bridge 117 on SR 1123 Replacement, TIP B-4123, Graham Counts, ER 02-8512
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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Feld Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
February 7, 2007
Mr. Michael Turchy
Office of Natural Environment
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1598
Dear Mr. Turchy:
Subject: Endangered Species Concurrence Request for the Replacement of Bridge No. 117 on
. SR 11,23 over West Buffalo Creek, Graham County, North Carolina (TIP No. B-4123)
As requested by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), we have reviewed
the survey report describing the habitat analysis and survey that was conducted for the federally
endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). Our comments are provided in accordance with the
provisions of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.
1531-1543) (Act), and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.
661-667e), and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703, et seq.) (MBTA).
Federally Listed Species - The listed species concurrence request we received was for the
NCDOT's determination that the subject project is not likely to adversely affect-the federally.
endangered Indiana bat (Myods sodalis). It was determined that the project would have no affect
on the Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus), Appalachian elktoe
(Alasmidonta raveneliana), or Virginia spiraea (Spiraea virginiana) that also occur in Graham
County.
A mist-net survey, following the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Indiana bat mist-netting
protocol, was conducted within the project area on July 6 and 7, 2006, by Appalachian Technical
Services, Inc.; the species captured were the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the•eastem red
bat (Lasiums borealis), the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus),
and the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subjlavus). Given that no Indiana bats were captured and
if construction of the project takes place before the 2.5-year valid survey window time period,
we do not believe this project will have.any effect on the Indiana bat. Therefore, the
requirements under section 7(c) of the Act are fulfilled for the Indiana bat. If the project does
not take place within the 2.5-year window, another survey for the Indiana bat should be

conducted. Also, please note that obligations under section 7 of the Act must be reconsidered if:
(1) new information reveals impacts of this identified action that may affect listed species or
critical habitat in a manner not previously considered, (2) this action is subsequently modified in
a manner that was not considered in this review, or (3) a new species is listed or critical habitat is
determined that may be affected by the identified action.
Fish and Wildlife Resources - We strongly recommend that the new bridge design include
provisions for the roadbed and deck drainage to flow through a vegetated buffer prior to reaching
the affected stream. This buffer should be large enough to alleviate any potential effects from
the runoff of storm water and pollutants. The bridge design should not alter the natural stream or
the stream-bank morphology or impede fish passage. Any piers or bents should be placed
outside the bank-full width of the stream. The bridge and approaches should be designed to
avoid any fill that will result in the damming or constriction of the channel or floodplain. If
spanning the floodplain is not feasible, culverts should be installed in the floodplain portion of
the approaches in order to restore some of the hydrological functions of the floodplain and
reduce high velocities of floodwaters within the affected area. Construction material should not
enter the water during demolition of the existing bridge and construction of the new bridge.
When reseeding/revegetating disturbed areas, we recommend that only native plant species be
used or, if an adequate seed source cannot be found, that noninvasive species (such as annual
rye) be used until native plants can reestablish themselves. While many of the exotic plant
species typically used in erosion-control and reclamation efforts have proven beneficial to some
wildlife species, we now know that the invasive nature of these species outweighs any short-term
erosion-control or wildlife benefits they may provide. Exotic species, including tall fescue
(native to Eurasia), Korean and Sericea lespedeza (eastern Asia species), redtop (a Eurasian
.
species), Sudan grass and Bermuda grass (native to Africa), and Kentucky bluegrass (native to
Eurasia and northern Canada), choke out native vegetation and often result in monocultures that
prove to be of little benefit to wildlife and can be very detrimental to the. ecosystem as a.whole.
Migratory Birds - The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712) prohibits the taking,
killing,.possession, transportation, and importation of migratory birds (including the bald eagle),
their eggs, parts, and nests, except when specifically authorized by the Department of the
Interior. To avoid impacts to migratory birds, we recommend conducting a visual inspection of
the bridge and any other migratory bird nesting habitat within the project area during the
migratory bird nesting season from March through September. If migratory birds are discovered
nesting in the project impact area, including on the existing bridge, the NCDOT should avoid
impacting the nests during the migratory bird nesting season (March through September). If
birds are discovered nesting on the bridge during years prior to the proposed construction date,
the NCDOT, in consultation with us, should develop measures to discourage birds from
establishing nests on the bridge by means that will not result in the take of the birds or eggs, or
the NCDOT should avoid construction and demolition activities during the nesting period.
__ 0.
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Denise Moldenhauer of our staff
at 828/258-3939, Ext. 226. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please
reference our Log Number 4-2-07-007.
Sincerely,
/?'? Bnan P. Cole
U Field Supervisor
cc:
Mr. Dave Baker, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Ms. Pam Williams, Project Planning Engineer, Project Development Bridge Unit, 1551 Mail
Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1551