20061302 Ver 3_Stormwater Info_20090504

ob- 1,302 V3
A RTIFEX inc
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
3457 Ringsby Court, #305
Denver, CO 80205
[phone] phone
[phone] fax
www.artifexed.com
April 23, 2009
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
410 Oversight/Express Review Permitting Unit WAY 6 `? 1Q09
1650 Mail Service Center DENR. puTER QU4M
Raleigh, NC 27669-1650 WERANDi ANDSTORMINATER WAWJJ
RE: North Carolina Museum of Art-Museum Expansion Project
Stormwater Management Plan
House Creek [030402, 27-33-13, C, NSWj
Dear Ms. Karoly:
This letter is to notify your office that we have made revisions to the Stormwater Management Plan for
the North Carolina Museum of Art-Museum Expansion Project (DWQ Project # 06-1302). We have
revised the plans to address the swale upstream of the wetland, and made improvements to the
wetland planting plan. Please find the attached drawings, dated March 31, 2009 indicating the revisions
described herein.
Specifically we have made the following changes:
1. The swale design has been simplified to a reinforced grass swale without the prior
level of detailed stream channel and plantings. This change was made to reduce the
costs associated with installation and maintenance of the improvements. As you may
recall, the swale was not used for any stormwater quality improvement credit in the
final application and permit.
2. The wetland plan has been improved to increase the density and overall quantity of
plantings for each vegetation class. This change was made to improve the quality,
initial establishment and to better control potential weedy species throughout the
wetland.
Enclosed are the revised SW200SW207 Stormwater Management drawings, to replace SW101-
SW107.
Given the limited scope and nature of the changes described, we would like to have your confirmation
that the changes are compatible with the existing permit. We are currently scheduling construction
activities, and would appreciate any feedback that you can provide on this issue.
• Page 2
April 23, 2009
Please contact me directly if you have additional questions regarding these revisions, or if you require
any further information.
Sincerely,

Encl.
Cc: Dan Gottlieb, NCMA
Jeffrey Lee, PBCBL
Walt Havener, LHPA
North Carolina Museum of Art March 31, 2009
Package SW-1 Stormwater Management
ou-t3oa,u3
North Carolina Museum of Art
Expansion Project
Project Specifications
Stormwater Management Construction
Package SW-1
140M @ 9 OdL
MAY 0 4 2009
UENR.WATER QUAUTY
WETLANDS AND STORlIATS MVXX
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02.
85 ;
SCO Project No. 04062010
North Carolina Museum of Art
Package SW-1 Stormwater Management
March 31, 2009
1.3 MONITORING AND RECORD KEEPING
A. All sediment and erosion control devices and facilities shall be inspected at least once every
seven (7) calendar days within 24 hours after any storm event of greater than 0.5 inches of rain
per 24 hour period.
B. Stormwater discharges shall be inspected by observation for stormwater discharge characteris-
tics (as listed below) at the above frequency to evaluate the effectiveness of the sediment con-
trol facilities, devices or practices. Observations shall be made at all stormwater discharge out-
falls and other locations were concentrated stormwater discharges from the site. Observations
shall be qualitative, no analytical testing or sampling is required. If any visible off-site sedi-
mentation is leaving the site, corrective action shall be taken to reduce the discharge of sedi-
ments.
1. Color
2. Odor
3. Clarity
4. Floating solids
5. Suspended solids
6. Foam
7. Oil sheen
8. Other obvious indicators of stormwater pollution
C. The contractor shall perform and keep records of the above inspections. Visible sedimentation
found off the site shall be recorded with a brief explanation as the measures taken to prevent fu-
ture release as well as any measures taken to clean up the sediment that has left the site. This
record shall be made available to the Owner, Architect, and governmental authorities.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 SOIL AMENDMENTS AND SEED
A. Reference Division 2, Section "Lawn Seeding"
2.2 MISCELLANEOUS
A. Gravel for stone filters: Washed No. 57 stone or as indicated on the drawings.
B. B. Silt Fabric: A synthetic filter fabric or a prev ious sheet of polypropylene, nylon, polyester, or
polyethylene yarn, which is certified by the manufacturer or supplier as conforming to the fol-
lowing requirements.
1. Filtering efficiency: 85% min.
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Package SW-1 Stormwater Management
2. Tensile Strength at 20% (max.) elongation: 301b./lin in (min.)
3. Slurry Flow Rate: 0.3 gal/sq-ft/min. (min.)
4. Fabric shall contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum of six
months of expected useable construction life.
C. Filter Fabric (for installation under riprap): Woven geotextile fabric, apparent opening
size no larger than US Standard Sieve No. 70, min. grad strength of 1201bs.
2.3 CHANNEL AND SLOPE PROTECTION
A. Jute Netting: Provide heavy, uniform;, woven of single jute yarn. Install netting over straw
mulch and anchor according to manufacturer's recommendations.
B. Manufactured Mats and Blankets: Erosion Control Blankets shall be a machine-produced mat
of agricultural straw, a straw and coconut fiber combination, or curled wood fiber (excelsior) as
specified below or on the drawings. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with the fiber
evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered with a photo
degradable plastic netting secured to the fiber mat. Erosion control blanket shall have the fol-
lowing properties:
1- Straw Mat:
a. Straw: 100% (.50lb/sq. yd.).
b. Netting: Top side only, photo degradable, approx.''/2" x''/z" mesh (1.641b/1000 sq.
ft.).
C. Thread: Cotton.
2. Excelsior Mat:
a. Fiber: Curled wood excelsior of 80% six inch or longer fiber length with a consistent
width of fibers evenly distributed throughout the mat. Mat shall be smolder resistant
with no chemical additives.
b. Top and Bottom Netting: Photo degradable extruded plastic netting with maximum
mesh size of 3/4" x 3/4".
3. Synthetic Mat:
a. Fiber: UV stabilized polypropylene fiber matrix (0.71bs./sq. yd.).
b. Top Netting: Extra heavyweight UV stabilized polypropylene (51bs/1000 sq. ft.
approx. weight).
C. Bottom Netting: Heavyweight UV stabilized polypropylene (3lbs/1000 sq. ft.
approx. weight).
4. Wire Staples: 16 gauge steel wire, with minimum of 3" top and 6" long legs. 1.75 staples
per square yard of matting minimum.
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Package SW-1 Stormwater Management
2.4 RIPRAP
March 31, 2009
A. Riprap: Provide riprap of the class and quantity indicated on the Drawings. While no specific
gradation is required, the various sizes of the stone shall be equally distributed within the re-
quired size range. The size of an individual stone shall be determined by measuring its long
dimension. Stone shall meet the requirement of the following table for class and size distribu-
tion. No more than 5% of the material furnished can be less than the minimum size specified
nor no more than 10% of the material can exceed the maximum size specified.
REQUIRED STONE SIZES - INCHES
CLASS MINIMUM MIDRANGE MAXIMUM
A 2 4 6
B 5 8 12
1 5 10 17
2 9 14 23
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. Existing Structures and Facilities
Existing structures, facilities, and watercourses shall be protected from sedimentation.
2. The Contractor shall be responsible for the construction of necessary measures, and all
costs shall be at the expense of the Contractor.
3. Items to be protected from sedimentation deposits shall include, but are not limited to, all
down stream property, natural waterways, streams, lakes and ponds, catch basins, drainage
ditches, road gutters, and natural buffer zones.
4. Control measures such as the erection of silt fences, barriers, dams, or other structures shall
begin prior to any land disturbing activity. Additional measures shall be constructed as re-
quired during the construction.
5. All facilities installed shall be maintained continuously during construction until the dis-
turbed areas are stabilized. Contractor shall re move all erosion control measures at the end
of the project at his expense unless otherwise directed by the Owner or his representative.
6. Perform monitoring and record keeping as specified in this section.
3.2 PROTECTIVE MEASURES
A. Protective measures shall conform to all State and Local requirements.
B. Construction and maintenance of sediment and erosion control measures shall be in accordance
with all applicable laws, codes, ordinances, rules and regulations.
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1. Silt Fence: Hog wire or wire mesh fastened to posts as recommended by the Manufacturer,
and covered with silt fabric.
2. Berms and Diversion Ditches: These shall be graded channels with a supporting ridge on
the lower side constructed across a sloping land surface. Diversion ditches and berms shall
be planted in vegetative cover as soon as completed.
3. Mulching: Mulching shall be used to prevent erosion and to hold soil and seed in place
during establishment of vegetation.
4. Matting: Temporary matting shall be used for temporary stabilization during the estab-
lished of seeded cover in all grassed ditches, channels, long slopes, and steep banks (6:1 or
greater) as indicated on plans. Matting shall be installed on any area on site as needed to
provide temporary stabilization whether or not matting is indicated on the plan.
Build Berms, Pits and Gravel Filter as shown on Drawings. Maintain during construction
to keep erosion and sedimentation to a minimum. When is necessary to remove berm, pits
and gravel, return to area to required profiles and condition.
6. Construction Entrances: Construct all entrances in accordance with plans. Maintain all in-
gress/egress points to prevent tracking of soil onto the Owner's public or private roads.
Any soil that is tracked onto the roads shall be removed immediately.
7. Riprap: Stone shall be graded so that the smaller stones are uniformly distributed through-
out the mass. Stone may be placed by mechanical methods, augmented by hand placing
where necessary, provided that when the ri prap is completed it forms a properly graded,
dense, neat layer of stone.
8. Other Measure: Other methods of protecting existing structures and facilities, such as
vegetative filter strips, diversions, riprap, baffle boards, and ditch checks used for reduc-
tion of sediment movement and erosion, may be used at the option of the Contractor when
approved by the appropriate State or Local authorities.
3.3 STABILIZATION
A. A.Permanently protect stabilized areas prior to the removal of protective devices.
B. After the final establishment of permanent stabilization, remove temporary sediment control
measures. Respread accumulated sediments as specified.
C. Permanently stabilize all areas disturbed by the removal and re-spreading operations immedi-
ately.
3.4 TEMPORARY SEEDING
A. In accordance with the schedule as detailed on the drawings.
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3.5 PERMANENT SEEDING
A. In accordance with the schedule as detailed on the drawings.
3.6 MULCHING AND MATTING
A. Apply mulch or matting to retain soil and grass.
B. Mulch areas with slope greater than 5% by spreading a light cover of mulch over seeded area at
the rate of not less than 85lbs. per 1000 sq. ft.
C. Install temporary matting in all grassed ditches, channels, long slopes, and steep banks (6:1 or
greater) and other areas indicated on plans or where extra protection from erosion is needed.
END OF SECTION 02150
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SECTION 02200 - EARTH MOVING \
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes the following:
1. Constructing drainage ways, wetland areas and pools.
2. Excavation and backfill for boulder walls and drop structures.
3. Preparing subgrades for walks, lawns and grasses and exterior plants.
4. Excavating and backfilling for drainage structures.
5. Excavating and backfilling for utility trenches.
B. Related Sections
1. Division 2, Section "Site Clearing"
2. Division 2, Section "Soil Erosion"
3. Division 2, Section "Excavation Support Systems"
1.2 DEFINITIONS
A. Backfill: Soil material used to fill an excavation.
1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to
support sides of pipe.
2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.
B. Base Course: Course placed between the subbase course and hot-mix asphalt paving.
C. Bedding Course: Course placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.
D. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.
E. Drainage Course: Course supporting the slab-on-grade that also minimizes upward capillary
flow of pore water.
F. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and
dimensions indicated.
1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond
indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Engineer. Authorized additional
North Carolina Museum of Art
Package SW-I Stormwater Management
March 31, 2009
excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions
changes in the Work.
2. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated
lines and dimensions without direction by Engineer. Unauthorized excavation, as well as
remedial work directed by Engineer, shall be without additional compensation.
G. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.
H. Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical
and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below
the ground surface.
Subbase Course: Course placed between the subgrade and base course for hot-mix asphalt
pavement, or course placed between the subgrade and a cement concrete pavement or a cement
concrete or hot-mix asphalt walk.
J. Subgrade: Surface or elevation remaining after completing excavation, or top surface of a fill or
backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.
K. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as well as underground
services within buildings.
1.3 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied
or used facilities during earth moving operations.
1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities
without permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.
2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Owner or
authorities having jurisdiction.
B. Improvements on Adjoining Property: Authority for performing earth moving indicated on
property adjoining Owner's property will be obtained by Owner before award of Contract.
1. Do not proceed with work on adjoining property until directed by Engineer.
C. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before
beginning earth moving operations.
D. Do not commence earth moving operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control
measures, specified in earlier packages is functional.
E. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serv ing facilities occupied by Owner or others
unless permitted in writing by Engineer and then only after arranging to provide temporary
utility services according to requirements indicated.
F. Site Information: The data shown on the drawing was taken from a topographical survey as
prepared by the Owner. It is expressly understood that the Owner will not be responsible for
interpretations or conclusions drawn there from by the Contractor. A subsurface investigation
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was performed on this site and is available for information only. The opinion expressed in this
report are those of the geotechnical engineer and represent interpretations of subsoil conditions,
tests and results of analysis conducted by geotechnical engineer. All excavation is unclassified
unless noted otherwise. Additional test borings and other exploratory operations may be made
by the Contractor at no cost to the Owner.
G. Acceptance: Contractor is required to accept actual conditions at site and do work specified
without additional compensation for possible variation from grades and conditions shown,
whether surface or subsurface. All grading work shall be unclassified, except when a
determination is made by the geotechnical engineer that the material is unsuitable or rock.
H. Bench Marks: Maintain carefully all bench marks, monuments and other reference points. If
disturbed or destroyed, replace as directed. If found at variance with the Drawings, notify the
Engineer before proceeding to lay out work. Contractor shall be responsible for all dimensions
and elevations at the site.
1. Protection of Existing Work Remaining: All existing curbs, sidewalks and paving to remain
that are damaged in performance of this work shall be restored without extra cost to the Owner
in the manner prescribed by authorities having jurisdiction.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Material Test Reports: For each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for fill and backfill
as follows:
1. Classification according to ASTM D 2487.
2. Laboratory compaction curve according to ASTM D 698.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Codes and Standards: Perform excavation and grading work in compliance with applicable
requirements of governing authorities having jurisdiction.
B. Testing and Inspection Service: The Owner will engage the services of an Independent Testing
Laboratory (ITL), under the direct supervision of a Geotechilical Engineer, to provide testing of
soil materials proposed for use in the work and field testing facilities for quality control during
excavation and fill operations.
C. Tests for Proposed Soil Materials
1. Test soil materials proposed for use in the work and promptly submit test result reports.
2. Provide one optimum moisture-maximum density curve for each type of soil encountered
in subgrade and fills under paved areas. Determine maximum densities in accordance
with ASTM D-698.
For off-site borrow materials, perform a mechanical analysis (ASTM D-421), plasticity
index (ASTM 4318), and moisture-density curve (ASTM D-698).
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D. Field Density Determinations: The actual number of field density test shall be determined by
the ITL's Geotechnical Engineer to ensure proper compaction of the material.
All fill shall be compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the standard Proctor maximum
dry density as defined by ASTM D-698 except within 2 feet of any pavement area
subgrade where compaction shall be increased to 98 percent of the standard Proctor
maximum dry density as defined by ASTM D-698.
a. Other exceptions: fill material in drainage swales shall be compacted to 85 percent
of the standard Proctor maximum dry density as defined by ASTM D-698 except
within 2 feet of any channel structure area subgrade where compaction shall be
increased to 98 percent of the standard Proctor maximum dry density as defined by
ASTM D-698.
2. Field density tests shall be performed by ASTM D-1566 (Sand Cone Density Method),
ASTM D-2937 (Drive Cylinder Method) or in accordance with ASTM D-2922 (Nuclear
Density Gage).
PART 2-PRODUCTS
2.1 SOIL MATERIALS
A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not
available from excavations.
B. Satisfactory Soils: ASTM D 2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and SM,
or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 2 inches in any dimension,
debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.
C. Unsatisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GC, SC, CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, and PT
according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups.
1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 3 percent of
optimum moisture content at time of compaction.
D. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed
stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1,1/2-inch
sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.
E. Base Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed
stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 95 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch
sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.
F. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed
stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch
sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.
G. Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed
stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch
sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.
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H. Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of washed' or crushed stone, or crushed or
uncrushed gravel; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a
1-1 /2-inch sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 8 sieve.
2.2 ACCESSORIES
A. Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for
marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously
inscribed with a description of the utility.
I. Red: Electric.
2. Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, and dangerous materials.
3. Orange: Telephone and other communications.
4. Purple: Non-potable water distribution piping including irrigation, fountain, Irrigation
Systems
5. Green: Forcemain sewer systems.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by
settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork
operations.
B. Preparation of subgrade for earthwork operations including removal of vegetation, topsoil,
debris, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface is specified in Division 31
Section "Site Clearing."
C. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls, which are specified in Division 31
Section "Site Clearing." during earthwork operations.
3.2 EXCAVATION
A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface
and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include rock, soil
materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be
authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.
1. If excavated materials intended for fill and b ackfill include unsatisfactory soil materials
and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.
3.3 DEWATERING
A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared
subgrades, and from flooding Project site and surrounding area.
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B. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water
accumulation.
1. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to
accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches.
3.4 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES
A. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. If
applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing
concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections.
1. Excavations for Footings and Foundations: Do not disturb bottom of excavation.
Excavate by hand to final grade just before placing concrete reinforcement. Trim
bottoms to required,lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.
3.5 EXCAVATION FOR WALKS AND PAVEMENTS
A. Excavate surfaces under walks and pavements to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and
subgrades.
3.6 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES
A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.
1. Trenches: Shall be not less than 1% true to proposed utility grade shown. Where
proposed utility grade is 3% or less, trench tolerance shall be not less than 0.5% true to
grades shown.
B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or
conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of
pipe or conduit, unless otherwise indicated.
1. Clearance: 12 inches each side of pipe or conduit or as indicated.
C. Trench Bottoms: Excavate and shape trench bottoms to provide uniform bearing and support of
pipes and conduit. Shape subgrade to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of
pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits. Remove projecting stones and sharp
objects along trench subgrade.
1. Excavate trenches 6 inches deeper than elevation required in rock or other unyielding
bearing material, 4 inches deeper elsewhere, to allow for bedding course.
3.7 SUBGRADE INSPECTION
A. Notify Engineer when excavations have reached required subgrade.
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B. If Engineer determines that unsatisfactory soil is present, continue excavation and replace with
compacted backfill or fill material as directed.
C. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to
Contract provisions for changes in the Work.
D. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or
construction activities, as directed by Engineer, without additional compensation.
3.8 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION
A. Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom elevation
of concrete foundation or footing to excavation bottom, without altering top elevation. Lean
concrete fill, with 28-day compressive strength of 2500 psi, may be used when approved by
Engineer.
1. Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction or utility pipe as directed by
Engineer.
3.9
A.
3.10
A.
STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS
Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing.
Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.
1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of
remaining trees.
UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL
Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
B. Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated. Shape bedding
course to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints,
fittings, and bodies of conduits.
C. Backfill trenches excavated under footings and within 18 inches of bottom of footings with
satisfactory soil; fill with concrete to elevation of bottom of footings. Concrete is specified in
Division 03 Section "Miscellaneous Cast-in-Place Concrete."
D. Provide 4-inch-thick, concrete-base slab support for piping or conduit less than 30 inches below
surface of roadways. After installing and testing, completely encase piping or conduit in a
minimum of 4 inches of concrete before backfilling or placing roadway subbase.
E. Place and compact initial backfill of subbase material, free of particles larger than 1 inch in any
dimension, to a height of 12 inches over the utility pipe or conduit.
1. Carefully compact initial backfill under pipe haunches and compact evenly up on both
sides and along the full length of utility piping or conduit to avoid damage or
displacement of piping or conduit. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing.
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F. Place and compact final backfill of satisfactory soil to final subgrade elevation.
G. Install warning tape directly above utilities, 12 inches below finished grade, except 6 inches
below subgrade under pavements and slabs.
3.11 SOIL FILL
A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill
material will bond with existing material.
B. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:
1. Under grass and planted areas, use satisfactory soil material.
2. Under walks and pavements, use satisfactory soil material.
3. Under steps and ramps, use engineered fill.
4. Under building slabs, use engineered fill.
5. Under footings and foundations, use engineered fill.
3.12 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL
A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before
compaction to within 3 percent of optimum moisture content.
1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain
frost or ice.
2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry otherwise satisfactory soil material that
exceeds optimum moisture content by 3 percent and is too wet to compact to specified
dry unit weight.
3.13 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS
A. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 6 inches in loose depth for material
compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches in loose depth for
material compacted by hand-operated tampers.
B. Place backfill and fill soil materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations, and
uniformly along the full length of each structure.
C. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight
according to ASTM D 698:
1. Under structures, building slabs, steps, and pavements, scarify and recompact top 12
inches of existing subgrade and each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 95 percent.
2. Under walkways, scarify and recompact top 6 inches (150 mm) below subgrade and
compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 92 percent.
3. Under lawn or unpaved areas, scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and
compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 85 percent.
4. For utility trenches, compact each layer of initial and final backfill soil material at 92
percent.
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5. For landscape and wetland areas scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and
compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 85 percent.
3.14 GRADING
A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of-irregular surface changes. Comply
with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.
B. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding. Finish
subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:
1. Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch.
2. Walks: Plus or minus 1 inch.
3. Pavements: Plus or minus 1/2 inch.
C. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch when tested with a
10-foot straightedge. _
D. Drainage Slope: All ditches, swales and gutters shall be finished to drain readily. The subgrade
shall be evenly sloped to provide drainage away from building walls and structures in all
directions at a grade not less than 1/4" per foot.
3.15 SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES
A. Place subbase and base course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
B. On prepared subgrade, place subbase and base course under pavements and walks as follows:
1. Shape subbase and base course to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.
2. Compact subbase and base course at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines,
cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight
according to ASTM D 698.
3.16 DRAINAGE COURSE
A. Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
B. On prepared subgrade, place and compact drainage course under cast-in-place concrete slabs-
on-grade as follows:
1. Place drainage course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal
thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3 inches thick.
2. Compact each layer of drainage course to required cross sections and thicknesses to not
less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698.
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3.17 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
March 31, 2009
A. Rough Grading: Rough grading of all areas within the project, including excavated and filled
sections and adjacent transition areas, shall be reasonably smooth, compacted, and free from
irregular surface changes. Provide roundings at top and bottom of banks and at other breaks in
grade. The degree of finish shall be that ordinarily obtainable from either blade-grader or
scraper operations, except as otherwise specified.
B. Testing Agency: Owner will engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering testing
agency to perform field quality-control testing.
C. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrad es and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with
subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work comply with
requirements.
D. Footing Subgrade: At footing subgrades, at least one test of each soil stratum will be performed
to verify design bearing capacities. Subsequent verification and approval of other footing
subgrades may be based on a visual comparison of subgrade with tested subgrade when
approved by Engineer.
E. Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556,
ASTM D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable.
F. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of
compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to depth
required; recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.
3.18 PROTECTION
A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep
free of trash and debris.
B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed
surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent
construction operations or weather conditions.
C. Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing,
backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.
Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work,
and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.
3.19 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS
A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil,
trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Owner's property.
END OF SECTION 02200
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SECTION 02230 - SITE CLEARING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
1. Protecting existing vegetation to remain.
2. Removing existing vegetation.
3. Clearing and grubbing.
4. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.
5. Removing above- and below-grade site improvements.
6. Disconnecting, capping or sealing site utilities.
7. Temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures.
1.2 MATERIAL OWNERSHIP
A. Except for stripped topsoil and other materials indicated to be stockpiled or otherwise remain
Owner's property, cleared materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be removed
from Project site.
1.3 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining ro ads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied
or used facilities during site-clearing operations.
1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities
without permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.
2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Owner or
authorities having jurisdiction.
B. Salvable Improvements: Carefully remove items indicated to be salvaged and store on Owner's
premises where indicated.
C. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before
site clearing.
D. Existing Utilities: Should any functioning underground utilities be uncovered during the work,
the Contractor shall promptly notify the Engineer immediately in writing. The Contractor shall
be held responsible for any damage to underground or overhead utility services and shall
immediately repair and restore services at no additional cost to the Owner.
E. Do not commence site clearing operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control
and plant-protection measures (as required) are in place.
F. The following practices are prohibited within protection zones:
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1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material.
2. Parking vehicles or equipment.
3. Foot traffic.
4. Erection of sheds or structures.
5. Impoundment of water.
6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated.
7. Attachment of signs to or wrapping materials around trees or plants unless otherwise
indicated.
G. Bench Marks: Maintain carefully all bench marks, monuments and other reference points. If
disturbed or destroyed, replace as directed by the Engineer.
H. Existing Trees and Vegetation: Protect existing trees and other vegetation indicated to remain
in place, against unnecessary cutting, breaking or skinning of roots, skinning and bruising of
bark, smothering of trees by stockpiling construction materials or excavated materials within
drip line, excess foot or vehicular traffic, or parking of vehicles within drip line. Provide
temporary guards to protect trees and vegetation to be left standing.
1. Any vegetation designated to remain which is damaged by construction work shall be replaced
with new vegetation of the same genus and sp ecies by the contractor responsible for such
damage.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
A. Satisfactory Soil Material: Requirements for satisfactory soil material are specified in
Division 2 Section "Earth Moving."
1. Obtain approved borrow soil material off-site when satisfactory soil material is not
available on-site.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
A. Protect and maintain benchmarks and surv ey control points from disturbance during
construction.
B. Locate and clearly identify trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to remain or to be relocated.
C. Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction.
l . Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Owner.
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3.2 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
A. Provide temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures to prevent soil erosion and
discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways,
according to erosion- and sedimentation-control Drawings and requirements of authorities
having jurisdiction.
B. Verify that flows of water redirected from construction areas or generated by construction
activity do not enter or cross protection zones.
C. Inspect, maintain, and repair erosion- and sed imentation-control measures during construction
until permanent vegetation has been established.
D. Remove erosion and sedimentation controls and restore and stabilize areas disturbed during
removal.
3.3 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION
A. General: Generally, all existing trees, whether shown on the Drawings or not, shall not be
removed. Before proceeding with clearing operations, all trees specifically intended to be
removed or remaining trees preserved shall be identified on the grounds by an appropriate
representative of the Owner and clearly marked.
B. Fencing: Trees to remain shall be protected by temporary fences constructed of wood, wire
mesh, and metal as required, to provide complete protection. Erect fences at perimeter of
spread of trees to protect feeding roots.
C. Cutting: Do not cut low-hanging branches on trees to be saved, unless approved by the
Engineer. Any such cuts, or any accidental injuries to the bark or trunk shall be immediately
and properly trimmed.
D. Repair or replace trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or be relocated that are
damaged by construction operations, in a manner approved by Engineer.
E. Prohibited Work: Stripping of topsoil, cutting, filling, or dumping of materials, will not be
permitted within the spread of branches of trees to remain.
3.4 EXISTING UTILITIES
A. Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap utilities indicated to be removed or abandoned in
place.
1. Arrange with utility companies to shut off indicated utilities.
B. Interrupting Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or
others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide
temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:
1. Notify Engineer not less than two days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.
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2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Engineer's written permission.
C. Removal of underground utilities is included in Division 2 Sections.
3.5 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
A. Remove obstructions, trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to permit installation of new
construction.
1. Grind down stumps and remove roots, obstructions, and debris to a depth of 18 inches
below exposed subgrade.
2. Use only hand methods for grubbing within protection zones.
B. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material
unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.
1. Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of 8 inches, and
compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground.
3.6 TOPSOIL STRIPPING
A. Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil.
B. Strip to depth of 6 inches or until subsoil is reached in a manner to prevent intermingling with
underlying subsoil or other waste materials.
C. Stockpile topsoil away from edge of excavations without intermixing with subsoil. Grade and
shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust and erosion by water.
3.7 SITE IMPROVEMENTS
A. Remove existing above- and below-grade improvements as indicated and necessary to facilitate
new construction.
3.8 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS
A. Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste
materials including trash and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
B. Separate recyclable materials produced during site clearing from other nonrecyclable materials.
Store or stockpile without intermixing with other materials and transport them to recycling
facilities. Do not interfere with other Project work.
END OF SECTION 02230
Site Clearing 02230-4
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SECTION 02260 - EXCAVATION SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 SUMMARY
A. Section includes temporary excavation support and protection systems.
1.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
1.3 Design, furnish, install, monitor, and maintain excavation support and protection system
capable of supporting excavation sidewalls and of resisting soil and hydrostatic pressure
and superimposed and construction loads. Excavation support and protection systems shall also
be designed to resist superimposed and construction loads from adjacent sites, where
construction may be in progress.
A. Provide professional engineering services needed to assume engineering responsibility,
including preparation of Shop Drawings and a comprehensive engineering analysis by a
qualified professional engineer.
B. Prevent surface water from entering excavations by grading, dikes, or other means.
C. Install excavation support and protection systems without damaging existing buildings,
pavements, and other improvements adjacent to excavation.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Shop Drawings: For excavation support and protection system.
B. Qualification Data: For Installer and professional engineer.
C. Delegated-Design Submittal: For excavation support and protection system indicated to comply
with performance requirements and design criteria, including analysis data signed and sealed by
the qualified professional engineer responsible for their preparation.
D. Photographs or videotape, sufficiently detailed, of existing conditions of adjoining construction
and site improvements that might be misconstrued as damage caused by the absence of, the
installation of, or the performance of excavation support and protection systems.
1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serv ing facilities occupied by Owner or others
unless permitted in writing by Engineer and then only after arranging to provide
temporary utility services according to requirements indicated.
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B. Project-Site Information: A geotechnical report is available for information only. The opinions
geotechnical engineer and represent interpretations
of analyses conducted by geotechnical engineer
interpretations or conclusions drawn from this data.
March 31, 2009
has been prepared for this Project and
expressed in this report are those of
of subsoil conditions, tests, and results
. Owner will not be responsible for
1. Make additional test borings and conduct other exploratory operations necessary
for excavation support and protection.
2. The geotechnical report is included elsewhere in the Project Manual.
C. Survey adjacent structures and improvements, employing a qualified professional engineer or
land surveyor; establish exact elevations at fixed points to act as benchmarks. Clearly identify
benchmarks and record existing elevations.
D. During installation of excavation support and protection systems, regularly resurvey
benchmarks, maintaining an accurate log of surveyed elevations and positions for
comparison with original elevations and positions. Promptly notify Engineer if changes in
elevations or positions occur or if cracks, sags, or other damage is evident in adjacent
construction.
PART 2-PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
A. General: Provide materials that are either new or in serviceable condition.
B. Structural Steel: ASTM A 36/A 36M, ASTM A 690/A 690M, or ASTM A 992/A 992M.
C. Steel Sheet Piling: ASTM A 328/A 328M, ASTM A 572/A 572M, or ASTM A 690/A 690M;
with continuous interlocks.
D. Wood Lagging: Lumber, mixed hardwood, nominal rough thickness of 3 inches.
E. Cast-in-Place Concrete: ACI 301, of compressive strength required for application.
F. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60, deformed.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
A. Soldier Piles: Install steel soldier piles before starting excavation. Extend soldier piles below
excavation grade level to depths adequate to prevent lateral movement. Space soldier piles at
regular intervals not to exceed allowable flexural strength of wood lagging. Accurately align
exposed faces of flanges to vary not more than 2 inches from a horizontal line and not more
than 1:120 out of vertical alignment.
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1. Install wood lagging within flanges of soldier piles as excavation proceeds. Trim
excavation as required to install lagging. Fill voids behind lagging with soil, and
compact.
2. Install wales horizontally at locations indicated on Drawings and secure to soldier piles.
B. Sheet Piling: Before starting excavation, install one-piece sheet piling lengths and tightly
interlock to form a continuous barrier. Accurately place the piling, using templates and guide
frames unless otherwise recommended in writing by the sheet piling manufacturer. Limit
vertical offset of adjacent sheet piling to 60 inches. Accurately align exposed faces of sheet
piling to vary not more than 2 inches from a horizontal line and not more than 1:120 out of
vertical alignment. Cut tops of sheet piling to uniform elevation at top of excavation.
C. Bracing: Locate bracing to clear columns, floor framing construction, and other permanent
work. If necessary to move brace, install new bracing before removing original brace.
1. Do not place bracing where it will be cast into or included in permanent concrete work
unless otherwise approved by Engineer.
2. Install internal bracing, if required, to prevent spreading or distortion of braced frames.
3. Maintain bracing until structural elements are supported by other bracing or until
permanent construction is able to withstand lateral earth and hydrostatic pressures.
3.2 REMOVAL AND REPAIRS
A. Remove excavation support and protection systems when construction has progressed
sufficiently to support excavation and bear soil and hydrostatic pressures. Remove in stages to
avoid disturbing underlying soils or damaging structures, pavements, facilities, and utilities.
1. Remove excavation support and protection systems to a minimum depth of 48 inches
below overlaying construction and abandon remainder.
B. Leave excavation support and protection systems permanently in place.
END OF SECTION 02260
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SECTION 02635 - STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Work of this Section, as shown or specified, shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the Contract Documents.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes furnishing all materials and labor for installation of site drainage
system, as indicated on the Drawings and/or specified herein, including but not limited
to, the following:
1. Swale channel and swale channe I drop structures and bank walls.
2. Sediment basin construction.
3. Stormwater wetland construction.
B. Related Sections
1. Division 2, Section "Site Clearing"
2. Division 2, Section "Soil Erosion"
3. Division 2, Section "Earth Moving"
4. Division 2, Section "Excavation Support Systems"
5. Division 2, Section "Storm Drainage"
6. Division 3, Section "Cast-In-Place Concrete"
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Standards: Products and methods of execution are specified by reference to North
Carolina State Department of Transportation and Highway Safety's "Standard
Specifications for Roads and Structures", latest edition. The abbreviation NCDOT is
used to designate this publication. Equivalent alternate products and methods of
execution are as defined by the specifications. All methods and substitutions must be
approved by the Engineer.
B. Manufacturers: For purposes of designating type and quality for the work under this
Section, Drawings and Specifications are based on products manufactured or furnished
by manufacturers listed for the specific item. Products for use on this Project shall be
of one manufacturer unless specified otherwise herein for the same function.
C. Inspections: Notify Engineer in ample time to permit inspection of completed
underground piping before backfilling is begun.
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D. Single-Source Responsibility for Stone: Obtain stone from a single quarry with
resources to provide materials of consistent quality in appearance and physical
properties, including the capacity provide the material without delaying the progress of
the work.
E. Information on the Drawings and in the Specifications establishes the requirements for
both aesthetic effects and performance of the stone. Aesthetic effects relative to the
formal characteristics are indicated by dimensions, arrangement, alignment, and profiles
of components and assemblies as they relate to sight lines and relationships to one
another and to adjoining construction; performance is indicated by criteria subject to
verification either by preconstruction or field test, if applicable, or by in-service
experience.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Manufacturer's Literature: Provide manufacturer's data on all pipe material, manholes,
trench drains, inlets, junction boxes, catch basins, castings, and underground line
markers. Only information completely checked by the manufacturer and the General
Contractor will be considered by the Engineer.
B. Shop Drawings: Provide shop drawings for any custom fabrications required by the
design on the Drawings. Provide detailed drawings for approval prior to fabrication.
C. Material Photos and Samples: Color photographic samples and supplier's specifications
of Swale Channel Boulders for Engineer's approval, meeting all requirements of this
section. Include product data for each type of stone verifying color, grade, type, finish,
and variety. Provide material samples for Engineer's approval, following initial
screening of photographs and specifications. Include 2 or more stones in each set of
samples showing the full range of variations in appearance characteristics to be
expected in the completed work. Deliver samples to site for review at Owner approved
location.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
A. Gravel for stone filters: Washed No. 57 stone or as indicated on the Drawings.
B. Silt Fabric: A synthetic filter fabric or a previous sheet of polypropylene, nylon,
polyester, or polyethylene yarn, which is certified by the manufacturer or supplier as
conforming to the following requirements.
Filtering efficiency: 85% min.
2. Tensile Strength at 20% (max.) elongation: 301b./lin in (min.)
3. Slurry Flow Rate: 0.3 gal/sq-ft/min. (min.)
4. Fabric shall contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum
of six months of expected useable construction life.
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C. Filter Fabric (for installation under riprap): Woven geotextile fabric, apparent opening
size no larger than US Standard Sieve No. 70, min. grab strength of 1201bs.
D. Riprap: Provide riprap of the class and quantity indicated on the Drawings. While no
specific gradation is required, the various sizes of the stone shall be equally distributed
within the required size range. The size of an individual stone shall be determined by
measuring its long dimension. Stone shall meet the requirement of the following table
for class and size distribution. No more than 5% of the material furnished can be less
than the minimum size specified nor no more than 10% of the material can exceed the
maximum size specified.
REQUIRED STONE SIZES - INCHES
CLASS MINIMUM MIDRANGE MAXIMUM
A 2 4 6
B 5 8 12
1 5 10 17
2 9 14 23
E. Colored Riprap: Provide riprap to meet the color requirements specified on plan, and to
meet the approval of the Architect and Engineer, based on material samples, in addition
to all other material requirements.
2.2
STORM DRAINAGE MATERIALS
A. Storm drainage materials are specified in Section 02720 of these specifications.
2.3
CHANNEL AND SLOPE PROTECTION
A. Erosion Control Mats and Blankets: shall be a machine-produced mat of agricultural
straw, a straw and coconut fiber combination, or curled wood fiber (excelsior) as
specified below or on the drawings. The blanket shall be of consistent thickness with
the fiber evenly distributed over the entire area of the mat. The blanket shall be covered
with a photo degradable plastic netting secured to the fiber mat. Erosion-Control
Blankets to provide a dual direction tensile strength of 150 lb/ft and intended for
application on slopes of 2:1 and greater. Survivability classes shall conform to
AASHTO M-288-00 Class Specification. Short term materials shall be required to
remain fully functional for 12 months or longer. Long term material shall be required to
remain fully functional for 24 months or longer. Extended term materials shall be re
required to remain fully functional for 36 months or longer. Erosion control mat and
blankets shall have the following properties:
Straw Mat:
a. Straw: 100% (.50lb/sq. yd.).
b. Netting: Top side only,
(1.64lb/1000 sq. ft.).
C. Thread: Cotton.
photo degradable, approx. ''/z" x ''/z" mesh
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2. Excelsior Mat:
March 31, 2009
a. Fiber: Curled wood excelsior of 80% six inch or longer fiber length with a
consistent width of fibers evenly distributed throughout the mat. Mat shall
be smolder resistant with no chemical additives.
b. Top and Bottom Netting: Photo degradable extruded plastic netting with
maximum mesh size of/<" x 3/<".
3. Synthetic Mat:
a. Fiber: UV stabilized polypropylene fiber matrix (0.7lbs./sq. yd.).
b. Top Netting: Extra heavyweight UV stabilized polypropylene (5lbs/1000 sq.
ft. approx. weight).
C. Bottom Netting: Heavyweight UV stabilized polypropylene (31bs/1000 sq. ft.
approx. weight).
4. Thread: degradable.
5. Wire Staples: 16 gauge steel wire, with minimum of 3" top and 6" long legs. 1.75
staples per square yard of matting minimum.
B. Turf Reinforcement Mat: Provide Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM) where indicated on
plans, according to the details and the manufacturer's instructions and
recommendations. TRM to be composite construction of three non-woven synthetic
machine produced nettings encasing a natural coconut fiber or curled wood fiber mulch.
TRM to provide a minimum dual direction tensile strength of 200 lb/ft and intended by
the manufacturer for application on 2:1 slopes or greater. TRM to meet or exceed
AASHTO M-288-00 Class I Specification for permanent erosion control.
1. Provide manufacturer recommended anchors, in the quantities required, to be
stainless steel unless otherwise approved.
C. Coir Roll: Provide a natural fiber machine produced continuous roll of the size and
quantity according to the details.
Coir Fiber roll shall be a pre-manufactured roll of rice or wheat straw, wood
excelsior or coconut fiber encapsulated within a photodegradable plastic or
biodegradable jute, sisal or coir fiber netting. Rolls shall be between 8
inches and 12 inches in diameter (or as indicated on plans), between 10 feet and 20
feet in length and shall weigh at least 1 lb/ft. The netting shall have a minimum
durability of one year after installation. The netting shall be secured tightly at each
end of the rolls.
2. Wood stakes shall be a minimum of 3/4 inch x 3/4 inch x 18 inches in size for
Type 1 installation, or shall be a minimum of 3/4 inch x 1.5 inch x 18 inches in
size for Type 2 installation. Wood stakes shall be untreated fir, cedar, or pine,
shall be cut from sound timber, and shall be straight and free of loose or unsound
knots and other defects which would render them unfit for the purpose intended.
Metal stakes may be used as an alternative. The Contractor shall submit a sample
of the metal stake for Engineer's approval prior to installation. The tops of the
metal stakes shall be bent at a 90-degree angle.
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3. Rope shall be biodegradable, such as sisal or manila, with a minimum diameter of
1 /4 inch.
2.4 SWALE CONSTRUCTION
A. Swale Channel and Bank Boulders:
1. Provide North Carolina Moss Rock Boulders, or an approved alternate, according
to the size, shape and quantities specified on the drawings and details. Bank
boulders, infill rocks, and crest rocks are to be smaller specimens of the same
parent material, provided according to the size, shape and quantities specified on
the drawings and details.
2. Boulders may be natural weathered sandstone or granite in composition, and
should be relatively smooth, though weathered angular features are acceptable.
Evidence of natural weathering and coloration should be present on at least 50% of
boulders of all class sizes. Boulders must be free of cracking and flaking, or
obvious quarrying or handling scars.
3. Color: It is anticipated that colors of Brown, Tan, and Yellow, or a combination,
will be used. Final color determinations will be made by relying on the submittals
and mock-up referenced in this section.
4. Delivery, Storage and Handling:
a. Deliver materials to the project site in undamaged condition.
b. Store and handle the stone and related materials to prevent their deterioration
or damage due to moisture, temperature changes, contaminants, corrosion,
breakage, chipping, or other causes.
C. Do not use pinch or wrecking bars.
d. Lift with wide-belt-type slings where possible; do not use wire rope or ropes
containing tar or other substances that might cause staining.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 S WALE AND POND BANKS
A. Channels shall be protected from sedimentation from disturbed areas.
B. Channels shall be temporarily protected as required by channel design on drawings and
details.
C. Temporary Erosion Control in vegetated areas shall be installed using short term, long
term or extended term Erosion Control Blankets (ECBs) where indicated on plans,
according to the details and the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.
D. Permanent Erosion Control in vegetated areas shall be installed using Turf
Reinforcement Mats (TRMs) where indicated on plans, according to the details and the
manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.
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1. TRMs shall be installed over smoothly graded subsurface and specified topsoil and
seed. In the case of specified sod locations, TRM shall be installed over amended
soil, and prior to placing sod.
2. Any overlap required shall be made in the downstream direction to protect against
curling under flow conditions. Joints shall be made according to manufacturer's
instructions and recommendations.
3. TRM edges are to be trenched and anchored into the site subgrade for a length of
12 inches, 12 inches deep, or according to the Manufacturer's recommendations,
whichever provides a more protective installation.
4. Staples are to be installed according to manufacturer's instructions and
recommendations. Any bent, broken, or otherwise damaged staples are to be
immediately replaced.
E. Coir roll shall be placed in the locations and extent shown on the plans and details.
1. Coir roll (Type 1): Furrows shall be constructed to a depth between 2 inches and 4
inches, and to a sufficient width to hold the fiber rolls. Stakes shall be installed 24
inches apart along the length of the fiber rolls and stopped at 12 inches from each
end of the rolls. Stakes shall be driven to a maximum of 2 inches above, or flush
with, the top of the roll.
Coir roll (Type 2): Rope and notched stakes shall be used to restrain the fiber rolls
against the slope. Stakes shall be driven into the slope until the notch is even with
the top of the fiber roll. Rope shall be knotted at each stake and laced between
stakes. After installation of the rope, stakes shall be driven into the slope such that
the rope will hold the fiber roll tightly to the slope. Furrows will not be required.
If metal stakes are used, the rope may be laced and knotted on the bend at the top
of the metal stakes.
The bedding area for the coir roll shall be cleared of obstructions including, but not
limited to, rocks, clods, and debris greater than 1 inch in diameter prior to
installation.
4. Coir roll shall be installed approximately parallel to the slope contour.
5. Coir roll shall be installed prior to the application of other temporary erosion
control or soil stabilization materials in the same area, where possible. Ground
disturbances, including holes and depressions, caused by the installation and
removal of the temporary fiber roll shall be backfilled and repaired.
6. Coir roll shall be maintained to disperse concentrated water runoff and to reduce
runoff velocities. Split, torn, or unraveling rolls shall be repaired or replaced.
Broken or split stakes shall be replaced. Sagging or slumping fiber rolls shall be
repaired with additional stakes or replaced. Locations where rills and other
evidence of concentrated runoff have occurred beneath the rolls shall be corrected.
Coir roll shall be repaired or replaced on the same day when the damage occurs.
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F. Contractor shall excavate the channel and shape it to the dimensions illustrated in the
drawings and details.
Alignment shall follow general contours indicated on drawings. Local adjustments
may be made for existing conditions, and to achieve variability in the final form.
Engineer shall provide additional direction as required.
2. Scour pools shall be formed downstream of all drop structures and weirs, to the
general size, depth, and configuration shown on the plans. Engineer shall provide
additional direction as required.
3. Excavation for channel dimensions shall include required overcut for subsoil and
topsoil import, and an additional 0.2 feet for areas around the channel perimeter to
allow for bulking during seed bed preparations.
4. All fill in areas intended for stormwater management, infiltration, and bioretention
shall be compacted to the indicated standard Proctor maximum dry density as
defined by ASTM D-698. In areas indicated for 85 percent compaction or less, fill
shall be compacted using light equipment to prevent over-compaction.
G. Contractor shall construct sediment basins according to design on drawings and details.
H. Contractor shall construct rock drop structures and weirs according to design on
drawings and details.
Provide a Mock-up of one rock drop structure equivalent to those shown on
drawings and details. Mock-up is to utilize materials given prior written approval
by the Engineer following Engineer's review of submitted pictures and samples.
Allow sufficient time for Engineer's inspection, review and acceptance, and any
modifications required by the Engineer. The mock-up is not to be considered a
permanent installation, and costs for materials and incidentals, erection,
dismantling, and disposal are the responsibility of the Contractor.
Layout boulders for each drop structure and weir prior to construction for
Engineer's review and approval. Provide weathered faces in exposed locations.
Identify each boulder's specific placement in the structure via a field sketch or
markup of the drawings.
3. Construct and excavate subgrade platform according to drawings and details, and
the specifications of this Section and Related Sections. Shape subgrade to receive
boulder and provide full support along the intended contact surface.
4. Install geotextile filter fabric and subbase according to drawings and details.
Carefully place Swale Channel Boulders individually, in the locations and
configurations shown in the drawings and details. Incorporate any revised
instructions from the mock-up inspection. Ensure that each boulder is stably
located in its final position, and will not teeter, slide, or rotate due to inadequate
foundation or bearing on another rock.
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6. Fill voids between adjacent boulders with smaller rocks from the same parent
material. Install infill boulders for at most 20% of the total surface area of the
installed structure, to provide a complete intact wall without voids or gaps of over
4" x 4" . Backfill excavation around each boulder with granular drainage rock and
compact with hand equipment, in 6" layers.
Place bank boulders, infill rocks, and crest rocks according to drawings and details.
Specific locations will be determined by the Engineer, in order to fit the installation to
the terrain.
I. Installations not meeting requirements of the drawings and details, and
modifications made during the mock-up process shall be removed and replaced at
no extra cost to the Owner.
J. Contractor shall grade pond banks according to the drawings and details, to within 1
inch of the indicated grade.
K. Rip-rap channels shall be excavated to the limits required for the specified lining
thickness.
L. Contractor shall be responsible for establishing permanent vegetation in grass lined
channels, and on adjacent banks as required by design on Drawings.
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing: Perform testing of completed piping in accordance with local authorities
having jurisdiction.
B. Swale Construction: Provide opportunity for Engineer's review following the
completion of approximately 50 linear feet of channel, and one drop structure and scour
pool.
C. Pond Bank Grading: Provide opportunity for Engineer's review following the
completion of rough grading around the existing pond.
END OF SECTION 02635
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SECTION 02720 - STORM UTILITY DRAINAGE
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Work of this Section, as shown or specified, sh all be in accordance with the requirements of the
Contract Documents.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes furnishing all materials and labor for installation of site drainage system,
including but not limited to, drain lines and other drainage appurtenances shown on drawings,
and as specified in this Section, including:
1. Pipe and fittings.
2. Nonpressure transition couplings.
3. Cleanouts.
4. Drains.
5. Stormwater inlets and outlets.
6. Pond inlet pipe and outlet structure modifications.
7. Manholes.
8. Catch basins.
B. Related Sections: The following Sections contai n requirements that relate to this Section:
1. Division 2, Section "Earth Moving"
2. Division 2, Section "Excavation Support Systems"
3. Division 3, Section "Cast-In-Place Concrete"
1.3 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B. Shop Drawings:
1. Manholes: Include plans, elevations, sections, details, frames, and covers.
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2. Stormwater inlets, outlets and control structures: Include plans, elevations, sections,
details, frames, covers, design calculations, and concrete design-mix reports.
3. Prefabricated catch basins. Include plans, elevations, sections, details, frames, covers,
and grates.
C. Coordination Drawings: Show pipe sizes, locations, and elevations. Show other piping in same
trench and clearances from storm drainage system piping. Indicate interface and spatial
relationship between manholes, piping, and proximate structures.
D. Field quality-control reports.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Do not store plastic manholes, pipe, and fittings in direct sunlight.
B. Protect pipe, pipe fittings, and seals from dirt and damage.
C. Handle manholes according to manufacturer's written rigging instructions.
D. Handle Stormwater inlets, outlets and control structures according to manufacturer's written
rigging instructions.
1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Interruption of Existing Storm Drainage Service: Do not interrupt service to facilities occupied
by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after
arranging to provide temporary service according to requirements indicated:
1. Notify Construction Manager no fewer than two days in advance of proposed interruption
of service.
2. Do not proceed with interruption of service without Construction Manager's written
permission.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Standards: Products and methods of execution are specified by reference to North Carolina
State Department of Transportation and Highway Safety's "Standard Specifications for Roads
and Structures", latest edition. The abbreviation NCDOT is used to designate this publication.
Materials in this section shall be in accordance with City of Raleigh standards. When in
conflict, the more stringent specification shall apply. Equivalent alternate products and methods
of execution are as defined by the specifications. All methods and substitutions must be
approved by the Engineer.
B. Manufacturers: For purposes of designating type and quality for the work under this Section,
Drawings and Specifications are based on products manufactured or furnished by manufacturers
listed for the specific item. Products for use on th is Project shall be of one manufacturer unless
specified otherwise herein for the same function.
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1.7 INSPECTION
A. Notify Engineer in ample time to permit inspection of completed underground piping before
backfilling is begun.
PART 2-PRODUCTS
2.1 CONCRETE AND MASONRY
A. Concrete: Shall conform to the Cast-In-Place Concrete Section of these specifications.
Concrete for Site Drainage work shall have compressive strength of 3000 psi at 28 days unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings or details.
B. Manhole Brick: Shall conform to ASTM C-32, Grade MM.
C. Mortar: Shall conform to ASTM C-270, Type M.
2.2 DUCTILE-IRON, CULVERT PIPE AND FITTINGS
A. Pipe: ASTM A 716, for push-on joints.
B. Standard Fittings: AWWA CI 10, ductile or gray iron, for push-on joints.
C. Compact Fittings: AWWA C153, for push-on joints.
D. Gaskets: AWWA C111, rubber.
2.3 PE PIPE AND FITTINGS
A. Corrugated PE Drainage Pipe and Fittings NPS 3 to NPS 10 : AASHTO M 252M, Type S, with
smooth waterway for coupling joints.
1. Silttight Couplings: PE sleeve with ASTM D 1056, Type 2, Class A, Grade 2 gasket
material that mates with tube and fittings.
2. Soiltight Couplings: AASHTO M 252M, corrugated, matching tube and fittings.
B. Corrugated PE Pipe and Fittings NPS 12 to N PS 60: AASHTO M 294M, Type S, with smooth
waterway for coupling joints.
1. Silttight Couplings: PE sleeve with ASTM D 1056, Type 2, Class A, Grade 2 gasket
material that mates with pipe and fittings.
2. Soiltight Couplings: AASHTO M 294M, corrugated, matching pipe and fittings.
2.4 PVC PIPE AND FITTINGS
A. PVC Profile Sewer Piping:
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1. Pipe: ASTM F 794, PVC profile, gravity sewer pipe with bell-and-spigot ends for
gasketed joints.
2. Fittings: ASTM D 3034, PVC with bell ends.
3. Gaskets: ASTM F 477, elastomeric seals.
B. PVC Gravity Sewer Piping:
1. Pipe and Fittings: ASTM F 679, T-2 wall thickness, PVC gravity sewer pipe with bell-
and-spigot ends and with integral ASTM F 477, elastomeric seals for gasketed joints.
2.5 CONCRETE PIPE AND FITTINGS
A. Reinforced-Concrete Sewer Pipe and Fittings: ASTM C 76.
1. Bell-and-spigot ends and gasketed joints with ASTM C 443 , rubber gaskets sealant joints
with ASTM C 990, bitumen or butyl-rubber sealant
2. Class III installed with 10 feet or less cover over top of pipe, and all other pipe and
special fittings shall be Class IV.
3. Basis of acceptance of reinforced concrete pipe shall be the 0.0V crack.
4. Flared end pipe sections shall conform to requirements of State Highway Commission
Standards.
2.6 NONPRESSURE TRANSITION COUPLINGS
A. Comply with ASTM C 1173, elastomeric, sleeve-type, reducing or transition coupling, for
joining underground nonpressure piping. Include ends of same sizes as piping to be joined, and
corrosion-resistant-metal tension band and tightening mechanism on each end.
B. Sleeve Materials:
1. For Concrete Pipes: ASTM C 443 , rubber.
2. For Plastic Pipes: ASTM F 477, elastomeric seal or ASTM D 5926, PVC.
3. For Dissimilar Pipes: ASTM D 5926, PVC or other material compatible with pipe
materials being joined.
C. Shielded, Flexible Couplings:
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide product
indicated on Drawings or comparable product by one of the following:
a. Cascade Waterworks Mfg.
b. Dallas Specialty & Mfg. Co.
C. Mission Rubber Company; a division of MCP Industries, Inc.
2. Description: ASTM C 1460, elastomeric or rubber sleeve with full-length, corrosion-
resistant outer shield and corrosion-resistant-metal tension band and tightening
mechanism on each end.
D. Ring-Type, Flexible Couplings:
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1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide product
indicated on Drawings or comparable product by one of the following:
a. Fernco Inc.
b. Logan Clay Pipe.
C. Mission Rubber Company; a division of MCP Industries, Inc.
2. Description: Elastomeric compression seal with dimensions to fit inside bell of larger
pipe and for spigot of smaller pipe to fit inside ring.
2.7 CLEANOUTS
A. Cast-Iron Cleanouts:
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide product
indicated on Drawings or comparable product by one of the following:
a. Josam Company.
b. MIFAB, Inc.
C. Smith, Jay R. Mfg. Co.
d. Tyler Pipe.
e. Watts Water Technologies, Inc.
f. Zurn Specification Drainage Operation; Zurn Plumbing Products Group.
2. Description: ASME Al 12.36.2M, round, gray-iron housing with clamping device and
round, secured, scoriated, gray-iron cover. Include gray-iron ferrule with inside calk or
spigot connection and countersunk, tapered-thread, brass closure plug.
3. Top-Loading Classification(s): Heavy Duty.
4. Sewer Pipe Fitting and Riser to Cleanout: A STM A 74, Service class, cast-iron soil pipe
and fittings.
2.8 CATCH BASINS, AREA DRAINS
A. Small Area Drains:
1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide product
indicated on Drawings or comparable product by one of the following:
a. Josam Company.
b. MIFAB, Inc.
C. Smith, Jay R. Mfg. Co.
d. NCS, Inc.
e. Watts Water Technologies, Inc.
f. Zurn Specification Drainage Operation; Zurn Plumbing Products Group.
2. Description: Polymer Concrete catch basins prefabricated in 24" by 24" size, with
prefabricated 8"-12 outlet adapters.
3. Top-Loading Classification(s): Medium Duty within landscape areas, and Heavy Duty
within traffic areas.
B. Standard Precast Concrete Catch Basins:
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1. Description: ASTM C 478, precast, reinforced concrete, of depth indicated, with
provision for sealant joints.
2. Base Section: 6-inch minimum thickness for floor slab and 4-inch minimum thickness
for walls and base riser section, and separate base slab or base section with integral floor.
3. Riser Sections: 4-inch minimum thickness, 48-inch diameter, and lengths to provide
depth indicated.
4. Top Section: Eccentric-cone type unless concentric-cone or flat-slab-top type is
indicated. Top of cone of size that matches grade rings.
5. Joint Sealant: ASTM C 990, bitumen or butyl rubber.
6. Adjusting Rings: Interlocking rings with level or sloped edge in thickness and shape
matching catch basin frame and grate. Include sealant recommended by ring
manufacturer.
7. Grade Rings: Include two or three reinforced-concrete rings, of 6- to 9-inch total
thickness, that match 24-inch- diameter frame and grate.
8. Steps: Individual FRP steps or FRP ladder, wide enough to allow worker to place both
feet on one step and designed to prevent latera 1 slippage off step. Cast or anchor steps
into sidewalls at 12- to 16-inch intervals. Omit steps if total depth from floor of catch
basin to finished grade is less than.
9. Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923, resilient, of size required, for each pipe connecting to
base section.
C. Designed Precast Concrete Catch Basins: ASTM C 913, precast, reinforced concrete; designed
according to ASTM C 890 for A-16 (ASSHTO HS20-44), heavy-traffic, structural loading; of
depth, shape, and dimensions indicated, with provision for joint sealants.
1. Joint Sealants: ASTM C 990, bitumen or butyl rubber.
2. Adjusting Rings: Interlocking rings with level or sloped edge in thickness and shape
matching catch basin frame and grate. Include sealant recommended by ring
manufacturer.
3. Grade Rings: Include two or three reinforced-concrete rings, of 6- to 9-inch total
thickness, that match 24-inch- diameter frame and grate.
4. Steps: Individual FRP steps or FRP ladder, wide enough to allow worker to place both
feet on one step and designed to prevent latera I slippage off step. Cast or anchor steps
into sidewalls at 12- to 16-inch intervals. Omit steps if total depth from floor of catch
basin to finished grade is less than.
5. Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923, resilient, of size required, for each pipe connecting to
base section.
2.9 MANHOLES
A. Standard Precast Concrete Manholes:
1. Description: ASTM C 478, precast, reinforced concrete, of depth indicated, with
provision for sealant joints.
2. Diameter: -48 minimum unless otherwise indicated.
3. Ballast: Increase thickness of precast concrete sections or add concrete to base section as
required to prevent flotation.
4. Base Section: 6-inch minimum thickness for floor slab and 4-inch minimum thickness
for walls and base riser section, and separate base slab or base section with integral floor.
5. Riser Sections: 4-inch minimum thickness, and lengths to provide depth indicated.
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6. Top Section: Eccentric-cone type unless concentric-cone or flat-slab-top type is
indicated, and top of cone of size that matches grade rings.
7. Joint Sealant: ASTM C 990, bitumen or butyl rubber.
8. Resilient Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923, cast or fitted into manhole walls, for each pipe
connection.
9. Steps: Individual FRP steps or FRP ladder, wide enough to allow worker to place both
feet on one step and designed to prevent latera I slippage off step. Cast or anchor steps
into sidewalls at 12- to 16-inch intervals. Omit steps if total depth from floor of manhole
to finished grade is less than 60 inches.
10. Adjusting Rings: Interlocking HDPE rings with level or sloped edge in thickness and
diameter matching manhole frame and cover, and of height required to adjust manhole
frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope. Include sealant recommended by ring
manufacturer.
11. Grade Rings: Reinforced-concrete rings, 6- to 9-inch total thickness, to match diameter
of manhole frame and cover, and height as required to adjust manhole frame and cover to
indicated elevation and slope.
B. Designed Precast Concrete Manholes:
1. Description: ASTM C 913; designed according to ASTM C 890 for A-16
(AASHTO HS20-44), heavy-traffic, structural loading; of depth, shape, and dimensions
indicated, with provision for sealant joints.
2. Ballast: Increase thickness of one or more precast concrete sections or add concrete to
manhole as required to prevent flotation.
3. Joint Sealant: ASTM C 990, bitumen or butyl rubber.
4. Resilient Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923, cast or fitted into manhole walls, for each pipe
connection.
5. Steps: Individual FRP steps or FRP ladder, wide enough to allow worker to place both
feet on one step and designed to prevent lateral slippage off step. Cast or anchor steps
into sidewalls at 12- to 16-inch intervals. Omit steps if total depth from floor of manhole
to finished grade is less than 60 inches.
6. Adjusting Rings: Interlocking HDPE rings with level or sloped edge in thickness and
diameter matching manhole frame and cover, and of height required to adjust manhole
frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope. Include sealant recommended by ring
manufacturer.
7. Grade Rings: Reinforced-concrete rings, 6- to 9-inch total thickness, to match diameter
of manhole frame and cover, and of height required to adjust manhole frame and cover to
indicated elevation and slope.
C. Manhole Frames and Covers:
1. Description: Ferrous; 24-inch ID by 7- to 9-inch riser with 4-inch-minimum width
flange and 26-inch-diameter cover. Include indented top design with lettering cast into
cover, using wording equivalent to "STORM SEWER."
2. Material: ASTM A 536, Grade 60-40-18 ductile iron unless otherwise indicated.
2.10 CONCRETE AND MASONRY
A. General: Cast-in-place concrete according to ACI 318, ACI 350/350R, and the following:
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Package SW-1 Stormwater Management
1. Cement: ASTM C 150, Type II.
2. Fine Aggregate: ASTM C 33, sand.
3. Coarse Aggregate: ASTM C 33, crushed gravel.
4. Water: Potable.
B. Portland Cement Design Mix: 4000 psi minimum, with 0.45 maximum water/cementitious
materials ratio.
1. Reinforcing Fabric: ASTM A 185/A 185M, steel, welded wire fabric, plain.
2. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (420 MPa) deformed steel.
C. Manhole Channels and Benches: Factory or field formed from concrete. Portland cement
design mix, 4000 psi minimum, with 0.45 maximum water/cementitious materials ratio.
Include channels and benches in manholes.
1. Channels: Concrete invert, formed to same width as connected piping, with height of
vertical sides to three-fourths of pipe diameter. Form curved channels with smooth,
uniform radius and slope.
a. Invert Slope: 1 percent through manhole.
2. Benches: Concrete, sloped to drain into channel.
a. Slope: 4 percent.
D. Ballast and Pipe Supports: Portland cement design mix, 3000 psi minimum, with 0.58
maximum water/cementitious materials ratio.
1. Reinforcing Fabric: ASTM A 185/A 185M, steel, welded wire fabric, plain.
2. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (420 MPa) deformed steel.
E. Manhole Brick: Shall conform to ASTM C-32, Grade MM.
F. Mortar: Shall conform to ASTM C-270, Type M.
2.11 FRAMES AND GRATES
A. Frames and Grates - Small Area Drains: ASTM A 536, Grade 60-40-18, ductile iron designed
for A-16, structural loading. Include flat grate with small square or short-slotted drainage
openings.
1. Size: 24 by 24 inches minimum unless otherwise indicated.
2. Grate Free Area: Approximately 50 percent unless otherwise indicated.
B. Frames and Grates - Precast and Designed Catch Basins: ASTM A 536, Grade 60-40-18,
ductile iron designed for A-16, structural loading. Include 24-inch ID by 7- to 9-inch riser with
4-inch minimum width flange, and 26-inch- diameter flat grate with small square or short-
slotted drainage openings.
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1. Grate Free Area: Approximately 50 percent unless otherwise indicated.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EARTHWORK
A. Excavation, trenching, and backfilling are specified in Division 2 Section "Earth Moving."
3.2 PIPING INSTALLATION
A. General Locations and Arrangements: Drawing plans and details indicate general location and
arrangement of underground storm drainage piping. Location and arrangement of piping layout
take into account design considerations. Install piping as indicated, to extent practical. Where
specific installation is not indicated, follow piping manufacturer's written instructions.
B. Install piping beginning at low point, true to grades and alignment indicated with unbroken
continuity of invert. Place bell ends of piping facing upstream. Install gaskets, seals, sleeves,
and couplings according to manufacturer's written instructions for use of lubricants, cements,
and other installation requirements.
C. Install manholes for changes in direction unless fittings are indicated. Use fittings for branch
connections unless direct tap into existing sewer is indicated.
D. Install proper size increasers, reducers, and couplings where different sizes or materials of pipes
and fittings are connected. Reducing size of pi ping in direction of flow is prohibited.
E. When installing pipe under streets or other obstructions that cannot be disturbed, use pipe-
jacking process of microtunneling.
F. Install gravity-flow, nonpressure drainage piping according to the following:
1. Install piping pitched down in direction of flow.
2. Install piping NPS 6 and larger with restrained joints at tee fittings and at changes in
direction. Use corrosion-resistant rods, pipe or fitting manufacturer's proprietary restraint
system, or cast-in-place concrete supports or anchors.
3. Install ductile-iron piping and special fittings according to AWWA C600 or
AWWA M41.
4. Install PE corrugated sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321.
5. Install PVC profile gravity sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM F 1668.
6. Install reinforced-concrete sewer piping according to ASTM C 1479 and ACPA's
"Concrete Pipe Installation Manual."
3.3 PIPE JOINT CONSTRUCTION
A. Join gravity-flow, nonpressure drainage piping according to the following:
1. Join ductile-iron culvert piping according to AWWA C600 for push-on joints.
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2. Join ductile-iron piping and special fittings according to AWWA C600 or AWWA M41.
3. Join corrugated PE piping according to ASTM D 3212 for push-on joints.
4. Join PVC sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 and ASTM D 3034 for elastomeric-
seal joints or ASTM D 3034 for elastomeric-gasketed joints.
5. Join PVC profile gravity sewer piping according to ASTM D 2321 for elastomeric-seal
joints or ASTM F 794 for gasketed joints.
6. Join reinforced-concrete sewer piping according to ACPA's "Concrete Pipe Installation
Manual" for rubber-gasketed joints.
7. Join dissimilar pipe materials with nonpressure-type flexible couplings.
3.4 CLEANOUT INSTALLATION
A. Install cleanouts and riser extensions from sewer pi pes to cleanouts at grade. Use cast-iron soil
pipe fittings in sewer pipes at branches for cleanouts and cast-iron soil pipe for riser extensions.
to cleanouts. Install piping so cleanouts open in direction of flow in sewer pipe.
1. Use Light-Duty, top-loading classification cleanouts in earth or unpaved foot-traffic
areas.
2. Use Medium-Duty, top-loading classification cleanouts in paved foot-traffic areas.
3. Use Heavy-Duty, top-loading classification cleanouts in vehicle-traffic service areas and
adjacent to drainage ways.
4. Use Extra-Heavy-Duty, top-loading classification cleanouts in roads
B. Set cleanout frames and covers in earth in cast-i n-place concrete block, 18 by 18 by 12 inches
deep. Set with tops flush with surrounding earth grade.
C. Set cleanout frames and covers in concrete pavement and roads with tops flush with pavement
surface.
3.5 DRAIN INSTALLATION
A. Install type of drains in locations indicated.
1. Use Heavy-Duty, top-loading classification drains in vehicle-traffic service areas.
B. Embed drains in 4-inch minimum concrete around bottom and sides.
C. Fasten grates to drains if indicated.
D. Set drain frames and covers with tops flush with pavement surface.
3.6 MANHOLE INSTALLATION
A. General: Install manholes, complete with appurtenances and accessories indicated.
B. Install precast concrete manhole sections with sealants according to ASTM C 891.
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C. Where specific manhole construction is not indicated, follow manhole manufacturer's written
instructions.
D. Set tops of frames and covers flush with finished surface of manholes that occur in pavements.
Set tops flush with finished surface elsewhere unless otherwise indicated.
3.7 CATCH BASIN INSTALLATION
A. Construct catch basins to sizes and shapes indicated.
B. Set frames and grates to elevations indicated.
3.8 STORMWATER INLET AND OUTLET INSTALLATION
A. Construct inlet head walls, aprons, and sides of reinforced concrete, as indicated.
B. Construct riprap of broken stone, as indicated.
C. Install outlets that spill onto grade, anchored with concrete, where indicated.
D. Install outlets that spill onto grade, with flared end sections that match pipe, where indicated.
E. Construct energy dissipaters at outlets, as indicated.
3.9 CONCRETE PLACEMENT
A. Place cast-in-place concrete according to ACI 318.
3.10 CONNECTIONS
A. Connect nonpressure, gravity-flow drainage piping in building's storm building drains specified
in Division 22 Section "Facility Storm Drainage Piping."
B. Connect force-main piping to building's storm drainage force mains specified in Division 22
Section "Facility Storm Drainage Piping." Terminate piping where indicated.
C. Make connections to existing piping and underground manholes.
1. Use commercially manufactured wye fittings for piping branch connections. Remove
section of existing pipe; install wye fitting into existing piping; and encase entire Wye
fitting, plus 6-inch overlap, with not less than 6 inches of concrete with 28-day
compressive strength of 3000 psi .
2. Make branch connections from side into existing piping, NPS 4 to NPS 20 . Remove
section of existing pipe, install wye fitting into existing piping, and encase entire Wye
with not less than 6 inches of concrete with 28-day compressive strength of 3000 psi .
3. Make branch connections from side into existing piping, NPS 21 or larger, or to
underground manholes and structures by cutting into existing unit and creating an
opening large enough to allow 3 inches of concrete to be packed around entering
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connection. Cut end of connection pipe passing through pipe or structure wall to
conform to shape of and be flush with inside wall unless otherwise indicated. On outside
of pipe, manhole, or structure wall, encase entering connection in 6 inches of concrete for
minimum length of 12 inches to provide additional support of collar from connection to
undisturbed ground.
a. Use concrete that will attain a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3000 psi
unless otherwise indicated.
b. Use epoxy-bonding compound as interface between new and existing concrete and
piping materials.
4. Protect existing piping, manholes, and structures to prevent concrete or debris from
entering while making tap connections. Remove debris or other extraneous material that
may accumulate.
3.11 CLOSING ABANDONED STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
A. Abandoned Piping: Close open ends of abandoned underground piping indicated to remain in
place. Include closures strong enough to withstand hydrostatic and earth pressures that may
result after ends of abandoned piping have been closed. Use either procedure below:
Close open ends of piping with at least 8-inch- thick, brick masonry bulkheads.
Close open ends of piping with threaded metal caps, plastic plugs, or other acceptable
methods suitable for size and type of material being closed. Do not use wood plugs.
B. Abandoned Manholes and Structures: Excavate around manholes and structures as required and
use one procedure below:
1. Remove manhole or structure and close open ends of remaining piping.
2. Remove top of manhole or structure down to at least 36 inches below final grade. Fill to
within 12 inches of top with stone, rubble, gravel, or compacted dirt. Fill to top with
concrete.
C. Backfill to grade according to Division 2 Section "Earth Moving."
3.12 IDENTIFICATION
A. Materials and their installation are specified in Division 2 Section "Earth Moving." Arrange for
installation of green warning tape directly over piping and at outside edge of underground
structures.
1. Use warning tape or detectable warning tape over ferrous piping.
2. Use detectable warning tape over nonferrous piping and over edges of underground
structures.
3.13 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
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A. Inspect interior of piping to determine whether line displacement or other damage has occurred.
Inspect after approximately 24 inches of backfill is in place, and again at completion of Project.
1. Submit separate reports for each system inspection.
2. Defects requiring correction include the following:
a. Alignment: Less than full diameter of inside of pipe is visible between structures.
b. Deflection: Flexible piping with deflection that prevents passage of ball or
cylinder of size not less than 92.5 percent of piping diameter.
C. Damage: Crushed, broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged piping.
d. Infiltration: Water leakage into piping.
e. Exfiltration: Water leakage from or around piping.
3. Replace defective piping using new materials, and repeat inspections until defects are
within allowances specified.
4. Reinspect and repeat procedure until results are satisfactory.
B. Test new piping systems, and parts of existing systems that have been altered, extended, or
repaired, for leaks and defects.
1. Do not enclose, cover, or put into service before inspection and approval.
2. Test completed piping systems according to requirements of authorities having
jurisdiction.
3. Schedule tests and inspections by authorities having jurisdiction with at least 24 hours'
advance notice.
4. Submit separate report for each test.
5. Gravity-Flow Storm Drainage Piping: Test according to requirements of authorities
having jurisdiction, UNI-13-6, and the following:
a. Exception: Piping with soiltight joints unless required by authorities having
jurisdiction.
b. Option: Test plastic piping according to ASTM F 1417.
C. Option: Test concrete piping according to ASTM C 924.
C. Leaks and loss in test pressure constitute defects that must be repaired.
D. Replace leaking piping using new materials, and repeat testing until leakage is within
allowances specified.
3.14 CLEANING
A. Clean interior of piping of dirt and superfluous materials. Flush with water.
END OF SECTION 02720
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SECTION 02940 - STORMWATER LAWNS, GRASSES AND PLANTINGS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Work of this Section, as shown or specified, shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the Contract Documents.
1.2 SECTION INCLUDES
A. This Section includes furnishing all materials and labor for installation of site drainage
system, as indicated on the drawings and/or specified herein, including but not limited
to, the following:
1. Plants.
2. Soil Amendments.
3. Fertilizers.
4. Planting soils.
5. Seeding Lawns.
6. Seeding Meadows.
7. Sodding.
8. Hydroseeding.
9. Erosion-control material(s).
1.3 RELATED SECTIONS
A. Division 2, Section "Site Clearing"
B. Division 2, Section "Soil Erosion"
C. Division 2, Section "Earth Moving"
D. Division 2, Section "Excavation Support Systems"
1.4 DEFINITIONS
A. Amended Existing Soil: Native soil found on site amended with fertilizer, lime, or other
material as specified by soils test.
B. Backfill: The earth used to replace or the act of replacing earth in an excavation.
C. Bare-Root Stock: Plants with a well-branched, fibrous-root system developed by
transplanting or root pruning, with soil or growing medium removed, and with not less
than minimum root spread according to ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant required.
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D. Best Management Practices: Temporary permanent constructed facilities for managing
stormwater and water quality on site, with specific performance and maintenance
criteria regulated by ordinance or permit requirements.
E. Container-Grown Stock: Healthy, vigorous, well-rooted plants grown in a container,
with a well-established root system reaching sides of container and maintaining a firm
ball when removed from container. Container shall be rigid enough to hold ball shape
and protect root mass during shipping and be sized according to ANSI Z60.1 for type
and size of plant required.
F. Duff Layer: The surface layer of native topsoil that is composed of mostly decayed
leaves, twigs, and detritus.
G. Fabric Bag-Grown Stock: Healthy, vigorous, well-rooted plants established and grown
in-ground in a porous fabric bag with well-established root system reaching sides of
fabric bag. Fabric bag size is not less than diameter, depth, and volume required by
ANSI Z60.1 for type and size of plant.
H. Finish Grade: Elevation of finished surface of planting soil.
Manufactured Topsoil: Soil produced off-site by homogeneously blending mineral
soils or sand with stabilized organic soil amendments to produce topsoil or planting
soil.
Pesticide: A substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or
mitigating a pest. This includes insecticides, miticides, herbicides, fungicides,
rodenticides, and molluscicides. It also includes substances or mixtures intended for
use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.
K. Pests: Living organisms that occur where they are not desired, or that cause damage to
plants, animals, or people. These include insects, mites, grubs, mollusks (snails and
slugs), rodents (gophers, moles, and mice), unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, bacteria,
and viruses.
L. Planting Area: Areas to be planted.
M. Planting Soil: Standardized topsoil; existing, native surface topsoil; existing, in-place
surface soil; imported topsoil; or manufactured topsoil that is modified with soil
amendments and perhaps fertilizers to produce a soil mixture best for plant growth.
N. Plant; Plants; Plant Material: These terms refe r to vegetation in general, including trees,
shrubs, vines, ground covers, ornamental grasses, bulbs, corms, tubers, or herbaceous
vegetation.
0. Sandy Loam Topsoil: Manufacturing or naturally occurring soil that possesses a soil
texture defined by USDA soil triangle as Sandy Loam, with the addition of specified
organic matter or amendments.
P. Subgrade: Surface or elevation of subsoil remaining after excavation is complete, or
the top surface of a fill or backfill before planting soil is placed.
Q. Subsoil: All soil beneath the topsoil layer of the soil profile, and typified by the lack of
organic matter and soil organisms.
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R. Surface Soil: Soil that is present at the top layer of the existing soil profile at the
Project site. In undisturbed areas, the surface soil is typically topsoil; but in disturbed
areas such as urban environments, the surface soil can be subsoil.
1.5 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated, including soils.
Plant Materials: Include quantities, sizes, quality, and sources for plant materials
a. Provide plant source information 3 months prior to planting to ensure
availability of all species, sizes and quantities.
b. Provide nursery supplied information on fertilization requirements and
recommendations.
2. Pesticides and Herbicides: Include product label and manufacturer's application
instructions specific to the Project.
3. Plant Photographs: Include color photographs in digital format of each required
species and size of plant material as it will be furnished to the Project. Take
photographs from an angle depicting true size and condition of the typical plant to
be furnished. Include a scale rod or other measuring device in each photograph.
For species where more than 20 plants are required, include a minimum of three
photographs showing the average plant, the best quality plant, and the worst
quality plant to be furnished. Identify each photograph with the full scientific
name of the plant, plant size, and name of the growing nursery.
B. Certification of Grass Seed: From seed vendor for each grass-seed monostand or
mixture stating the botanical and common name, percentage by weight of each species
and variety, and percentage of purity, germination, and weed seed. Include the year of
production and date of packaging.
Certification of each seed mixture for turfgrass sod, identifying source, including
name and telephone number of supplier.
C. Samples for Verification: For each of the following:
1. Shrubs: Three samples of each variety and size delivered to the site for review.
Maintain approved samples on-site as a standard for comparison.
Organic Mulch: I -quart volume of each organic mulch required; in sealed plastic
bags labeled with composition of materials by percentage of weight and source of
mulch. Each Sample shall be typical of the lot of material to be furnished; provide
an accurate representation of color, texture, and organic makeup.
D. Qualification Data: For qualified landscape Installer. Include list of similar projects
completed by Installer demonstrating Installer's capabilities and experience. Include
project names, addresses, and year completed, and include names and addresses of
owners' contact persons.
E. Product Certificates: For each type of manufactured product, from manufacturer, and
complying with the following:
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Manufacturer's certified analysis of standard products.
March 31, 2009
2. Analysis of other materials by a recognized laboratory made according to methods
established by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, where applicable.
F. Material Test Reports: For standardized ASTM D 5268 topsoil existing in-place
surface soil and imported or manufactured topsoil.
G. Maintenance Instructions: Recommended procedures to be established by Owner for
maintenance of plants, maintenance of turf and meadows during a calendar year.
Submit before start of required maintenance periods.
H. Warranty: Sample of special warranty.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Installer Qualifications: A qualified landscape Installer whose work has resulted in
successful establishment of plants, turf and meadow establishment.
Professional Membership: Installer shall be a member in good standing of either
the Professional Landcare Network or the American Nursery and Landscape
Association.
2. Installer's Field Supervision: Require Installer to maintain an experienced full-
time supervisor on Project site when work is in progress.
3. Pesticide Applicator: State licensed, commercial.
B. Soil-Testing Laboratory Qualifications: An independent or university laboratory,
recognized by the State Department of Agriculture, with the experience and capability
to conduct the testing indicated and that specializes in types of tests to be performed.
C. Soil Analysis: For each unamended soil type, furnish soil analysis and a written report
by a qualified soil-testing laboratory stating percentages of organic matter; gradation of
sand, silt, and clay content; cation exchange capacity; deleterious material; pH; and
mineral and plant-nutrient content of the soil.
Testing methods and written recommendations shall comply with USDA's
Handbook No. 60.
The soil-testing laboratory shall oversee soil sampling; with depth, location, and
number of samples to be taken per instructions from Engineer. A minimum of
three representative samples shall be taken from varied locations for each soil to be
used or amended for planting purposes.
Report suitability of tested soil for plant growth.
a. Based upon the test results, state recommendations for soil treatments and
soil amendments to be incorporated. State recommendations in weight per
1000 sq. ft. or volume per cu. yd. for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash
nutrients and soil amendments to be added to produce satisfactory planting
soil suitable for healthy, viable plants.
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b. Report presence of problem salts, minerals, or heavy metals, including
aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, lithium, and
vanadium. If such problem materials are present, provide additional
recommendations for corrective action.
D. Provide quality, size, genus, species, and variety of plants indicated, complying with
applicable requirements in ANSI Z60.1.
1. Provide plants specified as plugs on the Drawings to meet standard 38 quantity per
flat size.
E. Measurements: Measure according to ANSI Z60.1. Do not prune to obtain required
sizes.
1. Trees and Shrubs: Measure with branches and trunks or canes in their normal
position. Take height measurements from or near the top of the root flare for field-
grown stock and container grown stock. Measure main body of tree or shrub for
height and spread; do not measure branches or roots tip to tip. Take caliper
measurements 6 inches above the root flare for trees up to 4-inch caliper size, and
12 inches above the root flare for larger sizes.
2. Other Plants: Measure with stems, petioles, and foliage in their normal position.
F. Plant Material Observation: Engineer may observe plant material either at place of
growth or at site before planting for compliance with requirements for genus, species,
variety, cultivar, size, and quality. Engineer retains right to observe trees and shrubs
further for size and condition of balls and root systems, pests, disease symptoms,
injuries, and latent defects and to reject unsatisfactory or defective material at any time
during progress of work. Remove rejected trees or shrubs immediately from Project
site.
1. Notify Engineer of sources of planting materials seven days in advance of delivery
to site.
G. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with
requirements in Division 1 Section "Project Management and Coordination."
1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Packaged Materials: Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened containers
showing weight, certified analysis, name and address of manufacturer, and indication of
conformance with state and federal laws if applicable.
B. Seed and Other Packaged Materials: Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened
containers showing weight, certified analysis, name and address of manufacturer, and
indication of conformance with state and federal laws, as applicable.
C. Sod: Harvest, deliver, store, and handle sod according to requirements in TPI's
"Specifications for Turfgrass Sod Materials" and "Specifications for Turfgrass Sod
Transplanting and Installation" in its "Guideline Specifications to Turfgrass Sodding."
D. Bulk Materials:
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1. Do not dump or store bulk materials near structures, utilities, walkways and
pavements, or on existing turf areas or plants.
2. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of bulk
materials, discharge of soil-bearing water runoff, and airborne dust reaching
adjacent properties, water conveyance systems, or walkways.
3. Accompany each delivery of bulk fertilizers and soil amendments with appropriate
certificates.
E. Deliver bare-root stock plants freshly dug. Immediately after digging up bare-root
stock, pack root system in wet straw, hay, or other suitable material to keep root system
moist until planting.
F. Do not prune trees and shrubs before delivery. Protect bark, branches, and root systems
from sun scald, drying, wind burn, sweating, whipping, and other handling and tying
damage. Do not bend or bind-tie trees or shrubs in such a manner as to destroy their
natural shape. Provide protective covering of plants during shipping and delivery. Do
not drop plants during delivery and handling.
G. Handle planting stock by root ball.
H. Store bulbs, corms, and tubers in a dry place at 60 to 65 deg F until planting.
Deliver plants after preparations for planting have been completed, and install
immediately. If planting is delayed more than six hours after delivery, set plants and
trees in their appropriate aspect (sun, filtered sun, or shade), protect from weather and
mechanical damage, and keep roots moist.
1. Heel-in bare-root stock. Soak roots that are in dry condition in water for two
hours. Reject dried-out plants.
2. Set balled stock on ground and cover ball with soil, peat moss, sawdust, or other
acceptable material.
3. Do not remove container-grown stock from containers before time of planting.
4. Water root systems of plants stored on-site deeply and thoroughly with a fine-mist
spray. Water as often as necessary to maintain root systems in a moist, but not
overly-wet condition.
1.8 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Field Measurements: Verify actual grade elevations, service and utility locations,
irrigation system components, and dimensions of plantings and construction contiguous
with new plantings by field measurements before proceeding with planting work.
B. Interruption of Existing Services or Utilities: Do not interrupt services or utilities to
facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions
and then only after arranging to provide temporary services or utilities according to
requirements indicated:
1. Notify Owner no fewer than 7 days in advance of proposed interruption of each
service or utility.
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2. Do not proceed with interruption of services or utilities without Owner's written
permission.
C. Planting Restrictions: Plant during one of the following periods. Coordinate planting
periods with maintenance periods to provide required maintenance from date of
Substantial Completion.
1. Spring Planting: April 1 - May 31.
2. Fall Planting: September 15 - November 30.
a. Seed planting: October 1 - November 30
3. Sod planting: September 1 to May 30
4. In no case shall planting or seeding be performed when soil is overly wet or
frozen.
5. The wetland planting area must be stabilized within 14 days of planting.
6. Stabilization may be accomplished by final vegetative planting and erosion control
materials or erosion control materials and temporary seeding as specified on the
Drawings.
7. Seasons may be extended if all necessary adjustments are made for irrigation needs
and plant protection.
D. Weather Limitations: Proceed with planting only when existing and forecasted weather
conditions permit planting to be performed when beneficial and optimum results may
be obtained. Apply products during favorable weather conditions according to
manufacturer's written instructions and warranty requirements.
E. Coordination with Turf Areas (Lawns): Plant trees, shrubs, and other plants after finish
grades are established and before planting turf areas unless otherwise indicated.
1. When planting trees, shrubs, and other plants after planting turf areas, protect turf
areas, and promptly repair damage caused by planting operations.
1.9 WARRANTY
A. Special Warranty: Installer agrees to repair or replace plantings and accessories that fail
in materials, workmanship, or growth within specified warranty period.
1. Failures include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Death and unsatisfactory growth, except for defects resulting from abuse,
lack of adequate maintenance, or neglect by Owner, or incidents that are
beyond Contractor's control.
b. Structural failures including plantings falling or blowing over.
2. Warranty Periods from Date of Substantial Completion:
a. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and Ornamental Grasses: 12 months.
b. Ground Covers, Biennials, Perennials, and Other Plants: 12 months.
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Include the following remedial actions as a minimum:
a. Immediately remove dead plants and replace unless required to plant in the
succeeding planting season.
b. Replace plants that are more than 25 percent dead or in an unhealthy
condition at end of warranty period.
C. A limit of one replacement of each plant will be required except for losses or
replacements due to failure to comply with requirements.
d. Provide extended warranty for period equal to original warranty period, for
replaced plant material.
1.10 MAINTENANCE SERVICE
A. Initial Maintenance Service for Trees and Shrubs: Provide maintenance by skilled
employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in Part 3. Begin maintenance
immediately after plants are installed and continue until plantings are acceptably
healthy and well established but for not less than maintenance period below.
Maintenance Period: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion.
B. Initial Wetland Plantings Maintenance Service: Provide full maintenance by skilled
employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in Part 3. Begin maintenance
immediately after plants are installed and continue until plantings are acceptably
healthy and well established but for not less than maintenance period below.
1. Maintenance Period: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion.
C. Initial Wetland Seeding Maintenance Service: Provide full maintenance by skilled
employees of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in Part 3. Begin maintenance
immediately after each area is planted and continue until acceptable vegetation is
established, but for not less than maintenance period below.
1. Maintenance Period: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion.
D. Initial Maintenance Service for Lawn: Provide maintenance by skilled employees of
landscape Installer. Maintain as required in Part 3. Begin maintenance immediately
after each area is planted and continue until acceptable vegetation is established, but for
not less than maintenance period below.
Maintenance Period: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion.
2. Maintain and establish lawn by watering, fertilizing, weeding, mowing, trimming,
replanting, and other operations. Roll, regrade, and replant bare or eroded areas
and remulch to produce a uniformly smooth lawn.
Watering: Contractor is responsible for programming and operation of the
automatic irrigation system throughout the lawn establishment and maintenance
periods. Provide and maintain temporary piping, hoses, and lawn-watering
equipment as needed to convey water from sources and to keep any non-irrigated
lawn areas uniformly moist to a depth of 4 inches.
4. Water lawn at a minimum rate of 1 inch per week.
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Mow lawn as soon as top growth is tall enough to cut. Repeat mowing to maintain
specified height without cutting more than 40 percent of grass height. Remove no
more than 40 percent of grass-leaf growth in initial or subsequent mowings. Do
not delay mowing until grass blades bend over and become matted. Do not mow
when grass is wet. Schedule initial and subsequent mowings to maintain the
following grass height:
a. Mow lawn areas 3 inches high.
6. Lawn Postfertilization: Apply fertilizer after initial mowing and when grass is dry.
a. Use fertilizer that will provide actual nitrogen of at least V2 lb per 1,000 sq. ft.
to lawn area.
E. Initial Maintenance Service for Meadows: Provide maintenance by skilled employees
of landscape Installer. Maintain as required in Part 3. Begin maintenance immediately
after each area is planted and continue until acceptable vegetation is established, but for
not less than maintenance period below.
1. Maintenance Period: 60 days from date of Substantial Completion.
2. Maintain and establish meadow by watering, weeding, mowing, trimming,
replanting, and other operations. Roll, regrade, and replant bare or eroded areas
and remulch.
Watering: Provide and maintain temporary piping, hoses, and lawn-watering
equipment to convey water from sources and to keep meadow uniformly moist.
a. Schedule watering to prevent wilting, puddling, erosion, and displacement of
seed or mulch. Lay out temporary watering system to avoid walking over
muddy or newly planted areas.
PART 2-PRODUCTS
2.1 PLANT MATERIAL
A. General: Furnish nursery-grown plants true to genus, species, variety, cultivar, stem
form, shearing, and other features indicated in Plant Schedule or Plant Legend shown
on Drawings and complying with ANSI Z60.1; and with healthy root systems
developed by transplanting or root pruning. Provide well-shaped, fully branched,
healthy, vigorous stock, densely foliated when in leaf and free of disease, pests, eggs,
larvae, and defects such as knots, sun scald, injuries, abrasions, and disfigurement.
1. Trees with damaged, crooked, or multiple leaders; tight vertical branches where
bark is squeezed between two branches or between branch and trunk ("included
bark"); crossing trunks; cut-off limbs more than 3/4 inch in diameter; or with stem
girdling roots will be rejected.
2. Collected Stock: Do not use plants harvested from the wild, from native stands,
from an established landscape planting, or not grown in a nursery unless otherwise
indicated.
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B. Provide plants of sizes, grades, and ball or container sizes complying with ANSI Z60.1
for types and form of plants required. Plants of a larger size may be used if acceptable
to Engineer, with a proportionate increase in size of roots or balls.
C. Grafted Stock: Grafted or budded nursery stock is not allowed on this project unless
specifically designated on the plant list.
D. Root-Ball Depth: Furnish trees and shrubs with root balls measured from top of root
ball, which shall begin at root flare according to ANSI Z60.1. Root flare shall be
visible before planting.
E. Labeling: Label at least one plant of each variety, size, and caliper with a securely
attached, waterproof tag bearing legible designation of common name and full scientific
name, including genus and species. Include nomenclature for hybrid, variety, or
cultivar, if applicable for the plant as shown on Drawings.
2.2 TURFGRASS SOD
A. Turfgrass Sod: Number 1 Quality/Premium, including limitations on thatch, weeds,
diseases, nematodes, and insects, complying with TPI's "Specifications for Turfgrass
Sod Materials" in its "Guideline Specifications to Turfgrass Sodding." Furnish viable
sod of uniform density, color, and texture, strongly rooted, and capable of vigorous
growth and development when planted.
B. Turfgrass Species: Tall Fescue.
C. Turfgrass Species: Sod of drought-tolerant grass species as follows, with not less than
95 percent germination, not less than 90 percent pure seed, and not more than 0.5
percent weed seed:
1. Full Sun and Partial Shade: Proportioned by weight as follows:
a. 100 percent Tall Fescue blend
2.3 TURF SEED
A. Grass Seed: Fresh, clean, dry, new-crop seed complying with AOSA's "Journal of Seed
Technology; Rules for Testing Seeds" for purity and germination tolerances.
B. Seed Species: State-certified seed of grass species. Use drought-tolerant cool season
grass varieties tested and recommended by North Carolina Cooperative Extension
Service specifically for use in the Piedmont area of North Carolina.
C. Seed Species: Seed of grass species as follows, with not less than 95 percent
germination, not less than 85 percent pure seed, and not more than 0.5 percent weed
seed:
1. All areas: Proportioned by weight as follows:
a. 100% blend of hybridized tall fescue
1). 80% for sun / drought tolerant cultivar
2). 20% shade / drought tolerant cultivar
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2.4 NATIVE GRASSES AND WILDFLOWERS
A. Wildflower and Wetland Seed: Fresh, clean, and dry new seed, of mixed species as
indicated on drawings. Indicated quantities and seeding rates are to be provided as pure
live seed.
B. Native Grass Seed: Fresh, clean, dry, new seed, mixed species as follows:
1. 40% hybridized tall fescue
2. 50% hard fescue
3. 10% bluegrass
C. Seed Carrier: Inert material, sharp clean sand or perlite, mixed with seed at a ratio of
not less than two parts seed carrier to one part seed, or as directed by seed supplier.
2.5 INORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS
A. Lime: ASTM C 602, agricultural liming material containing a minimum of 80 percent
calcium carbonate equivalent and as follows:
B. Class: O, with a minimum of 95 percent passing through No. 8 sieve and a minimum of
55 percent passing through No. 60 sieve.
C. Provide lime in form of ground calcitic limestone.
D. Sulfur: Granular, biodegradable, and containing a minimum of 90 percent sulfur, with a
minimum of 99 percent passing through No. 6 sieve and a maximum of 10 percent
passing through No. 40 sieve.
E. Iron Sulfate: Granulated ferrous sulfate containing a minimum of 20 percent iron and
10 percent sulfur.
F. Aluminum Sulfate: Commercial grade, unadulterated.
G. Perlite: Horticultural perlite, soil amendment grade.
H. Sand: Clean, washed, natural or manufactured, and free of toxic materials.
2.6 ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS
A. Compost: Well-composted, stable, and weed-free organic matter, pH range of 5.5 to 8;
moisture content 35 to 55 percent by weight; 100 percent passing through 3/4-inch
sieve; soluble salt content of 5 to 10 decisiemens/m; not exceeding 0.5 percent inert
contaminants and free of substances toxic to plantings; and as follows:
1. Organic Matter Content: 30-50 percent of dry weight.
2. Feedstock: Blended mixtures including agricultural residuals; yard trimmings.
B. Soil Conditioner: Decomposed, nitrogen-treated ground pine bark with a maximum
particle size of '/<"; of uniform texture and free of chips, stones, sticks, soil, or toxic
materials.
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1. The Contractor may present a satisfactory alternative to Soil Conditioner with a
material analysis and history of use. The Landscape Architect will provide written
approval for the material.
2.7 FERTILIZERS
A. Organic Fertilizer: Various approved sources, finely ground; a minimum of 1 percent
nitrogen and 10 percent phosphoric acid.
Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in
soil reports from a qualified soil-testing laboratory.
B. Superphosphate: Commercial, phosphate mixture, soluble; a minimum of 20 percent
available phosphoric acid.
C. Commercial Fertilizer: Commercial-grade complete fertilizer of neutral character,
consisting of fast- and slow-release nitrogen, 50 percent derived from natural organic
sources of urea formaldehyde, phosphorous, and potassium in the following
composition:
1. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in
soil reports from a qualified soil-testing laboratory.
D. Slow-Release Fertilizer: Granular or pelleted fertilizer consisting of 50 percent water-
insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the following composition:
1. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in
soil reports from a qualified soil-testing laboratory.
E. Planting Tablets: Tightly compressed chip type, long-lasting, slow-release,
commercial-grade planting fertilizer in tablet form. Tablets shall break down with soil
bacteria, converting nutrients into a form that can be absorbed by plant roots.
Size: 10-gram tablets.
2. Nutrient Composition: 20 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorous, and 5 percent
potassium, by weight plus micronutrients.
2.8 PLANTING SOILS
A. Amended Existing Soil: The existing soil found on site (red clay) that is free of stones
1 inch or larger in any dimension to a 4" depth and other extraneous materials harmful
to plant growth.
1. Mix existing soil with the following soil amendments and fertilizers in the
following quantities to produce "Amended Existing Soil" as in areas identified on
the plan:
a. Ratio of Soil Conditioner to existing soil by Volume: 1:15.
b. Weight of Lime per 1000 Sq. Ft.: Determined by Soil Test.
C. Weight of Superphosphate per 1000 Sq. Ft.: Determined by Soil Test
d. Weight of Commercial Fertilizer per 1000 Sq. Ft.: Determined by Soil Test
e. Weight of Slow-Release Fertilizer per 1000 Sq. Ft.: Determined by Soil
Test
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B. Sandy Loam Topsoil: ASTM D 5268 topsoil, with pH range of 5.5 to 7, a minimum of
4 percent organic material content; free of stones 1 inch or larger in any dimension and
other extraneous materials harmful to plant growth. Imported topsoil or manufactured
topsoil from off-site sources. Obtain topsoil displaced from naturally well-drained
construction or mining sites where topsoil occurs at least 4 inches deep; do not obtain
from agricultural land, bogs, or marshes. Alternately, soil may be manufactured or
imported from an approved source.
1. Imported natural or manufactured soil with a sandy loam texture with the
following percentages of materials:
a. Sand - 60%
b. Clay -15%
C. Silt - 25%
2. Additional Properties of Imported Topsoil or Manufactured Topsoil: Screened and
free of stones 1 inch or larger in any dimension; free of roots, plants, sod, clods,
clay lumps, pockets of coarse sand, paint, paint washout, concrete slurry, concrete
layers or chunks, cement, plaster, building debris, oils, gasoline, diesel fuel, paint
thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, acid, and other extraneous materials
harmful to plant growth; free of obnoxious weeds and invasive plants including
quackgrass, Johnsongrass, poison ivy, nutsedge, nimblewill, Canada thistle,
bindweed, bentgrass, wild garlic, ground ivy, perennial sorrel, and bromegrass; not
infested with nematodes; grubs; or other pests, pest eggs, or other undesirable
organisms and disease-causing plant pathogens; friable and with sufficient
structure to give good tilth and aeration. Continuous, air-filled pore space content
on a volume/volume basis shall be at least 15 percent when moisture is present at
field capacity. Soil shall have a field capacity of at least 15 percent on a dry
weight basis.
3. Mix sandy loam soil with the following soil amendments and fertilizers in the
following quantities to produce planting soil:
a. Ratio of Loose Wood Derivatives to Topsoil by Volume: 1:15
b. Weight of Lime per 1000 Sq. Ft. Determined by soil test.
C. Weight of Commercial Fertilizer per 1000 Sq. Ft.: Determined by soil test.
d. Weight of Slow-Release Fertilizer per 1000 Sq. Ft.: Determined by soil test.
e. Other amendments to be determined from soils testing prior to installation.
C. Floodway Backfill Soil: Existing, in-place surface soil and excavation spoil. Verify
suitability of existing surface soil and excavation spoil to produce viable planting soil.
Remove stones, roots, plants, sod, clods, clay lumps, pockets of coarse sand, concrete
slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, building debris, and other extraneous
materials harmful to plant growth. Provide necessary materials and amendments to
meet the requirements for Amended Existing Soil or Sandy Loam Topsoil, specified
above, as required by plans.
1. Mix soil with the following materials, soil amendments and fertilizers in the
following quantities to produce planting soil:
a. Amendments to be determined from soils testing prior to installation.
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2.9 MULCHES
A. Organic Mulch: Free from deleterious materials and suitable as a top dressing of trees
and shrubs, consisting of one of the following:
1. Type: Triple Shredded hardwood.
a. Size Range: 2 inches maximum, 1/2 inch minimum.
b. Color: Natural.
B. Straw Mulch (seeded areas only): Air-dry, clean, mildew- and seed-free, salt hay or
threshed straw of wheat, rye, oats, or barley.
C. Fiber Mulch: Biodegradable, dyed-wood, cellulose-fiber mulch; nontoxic; free of
plant-growth or germination inhibitors; with maximum moisture content of 15 percent
and a pH range of 4.5 to 6.5.
D. Nonasphaltic Tackifier: Colloidal tackifier recommended by fiber-mulch manufacturer
for slurry application; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or germination inhibitors.
E. Asphalt Emulsion: ASTM D 977, Grade SS-1; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or
germination inhibitors.
2.10 PESTICIDES
A. General: Pesticide registered and approved by EPA, acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction, and of type recommended by manufacturer for each specific problem and
as required for Project conditions and application. Do not use restricted pesticides
unless authorized in writing by authorities having jurisdiction.
B. Pre-Emergent Herbicide (Selective and Non-Selective): Effective for controlling the
germination or growth of weeds within planted areas at the soil level directly below the
mulch layer.
C. Post-Emergent Herbicide (Selective and Non-Se lective): Effective for controlling weed
growth that has already germinated.
2.11 EROSION-CONTROL MATERIALS
A. Erosion-Control Blankets: Biodegradable wood excelsior, straw, or coconut-fiber mat
enclosed in a photodegradable plastic mesh. Erosion-Control Blankets to provide a dual
direction tensile strength of 150 lb/ft and intended for application on slopes of 2:1 and
greater. Provide to meet or exceed survivability class indicated on plans. Include
manufacturer's recommended steel wire staples, 6 inches long.
B. Erosion-Control Fiber Mesh: Biodegradable burlap or spun-coir mesh, a minimum of
0.92 lb/sq. yd., with 50 to 65 percent open area. Include manufacturer's recommended
steel wire staples, 6 inches long.
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2.12 MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS
A. Antidesiccant: Water-insoluble emulsion, permeable moisture retarder, film forming,
for trees and shrubs. Deliver in original, sealed, and fully labeled containers and mix
according to manufacturer's written instructions.
B. Burlap: Non-synthetic, biodegradable.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine areas to receive plants for compliance with requirements and conditions
affecting installation and performance.
1. Verify that no foreign or deleterious material or liquid such as paint, paint
washout, concrete slurry, concrete layers or chunks, cement, plaster, oils, gasoline,
diesel fuel, paint thinner, turpentine, tar, roofing compound, or acid has been
deposited in soil within a planting area.
2. Do not mix or place soils and soil amendments in frozen, wet, or muddy
conditions.
3. Suspend soil spreading, grading, and tilling operations during periods of excessive
soil moisture until the moisture content reaches acceptable levels to attain the
required results.
4. Uniformly moisten excessively dry soil that is not workable and which is too
dusty.
B. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
C. If contamination by foreign or deleterious material or liquid is present in soil within a
planting area, remove the soil and contamination as directed by Engineer and replace
with new planting soil.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities and turf areas and
existing plants from damage caused by planting operations.
B. Install erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and
discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and
walkways.
C. Lay out individual tree and shrub locations and areas for multiple plantings. Stake
locations, outline areas, adjust locations when requested, and obtain Engineer's
acceptance of layout before excavating or planting. Make minor adjustments as
required.
D. Lay out plants at locations directed by Engineer. Stake locations of individual trees and
shrubs and outline areas for multiple plantings.
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E. Apply antidesiccant to trees and shrubs using power spray to provide an adequate film
over trunks (before wrapping), branches, stems, twigs, and foliage to protect during
digging, handling, and transportation.
F. If deciduous trees or shrubs are moved in full leaf, spray with antidesiccant at nursery
before moving and again two weeks after planting.
G. Wrap trees and shrubs with burlap fabric over trunks, branches, stems, twigs, and
foliage to protect from wind and other damage during digging, handling, and
transportation.
3.3 PLANTING AREA ESTABLISHMENT
A. Limit subgrade preparation to areas to be planted.
B. For Wetland Planting Area, final grading shall be established before raising water
surface level to normal pool.
C. Lawns, Meadows and Wetland Planting Areas: Loosen subgrade of planting areas to a
minimum depth of 6 inches. Remove stones larger than 1 inch in any dimension and
sticks, roots, rubbish, and other extraneous matter and legally dispose of them off
Owner's property.
1. Apply superphosphate fertilizer directly to subgrade before loosening.
2. Apply inorganic amendments to the top of existing soil areas in meadow and to the
top of sandy loam areas as shown on the drawings.
3. Thoroughly blend planting soil off-site before spreading. Spread approximately
one-half the thickness of planting soil over loosened subgrade. Mix thoroughly
into top 3 inches of subgrade. Spread remainder of planting soil.
a. Delay mixing fertilizer with planting soil if planting will not proceed within a
few days.
b. Mix lime with dry soil before mixing fertilizer.
4. Spread planting soil Sandy Loam Topsoil to a depth of 3 inches, in areas required
on the drawings, but not less than required to meet finish grades after natural
settlement. Do not spread if planting soil or subsoils are frozen, muddy, or
excessively wet.
D. Unchanged Subgrades: If lawns, meadows or wetland plantings are to be planted in
areas unaltered or undisturbed by excavating, grading, or surface soil stripping
operations, prepare surface soil as follows:
1. Remove existing grass, vegetation, and turf. Do not mix into surface soil.
2. Loosen surface soil to a depth of at least of 6 inches Apply soil amendments and
fertilizers according to planting soil mix proportions and mix thoroughly into top 4
inches of soil. Till soil to a homogeneous mixture of fine texture.
3. Remove stones larger than 1 inch in any dimension, sticks, roots, trash, and other
extraneous matter.
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4. Legally dispose of waste material, including grass, vegetation, and turf, off
Owner's property.
E. Deep Water Pools and Shallow Water Areas: Provide amended soils per nursery
specified requirements for species to be planted. Do not place topsoil in these areas
unless directed by Engineer.
F. Finish Grading: Grade planting areas to a smooth, uniform surface plane with loose,
uniformly fine texture. Roll and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to meet finish
grades.
G. Before planting, obtain Engineer's acceptance of finish grading; restore planting areas if
eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading.
H. Moisten prepared planting areas before planting if soil is dry. Water thoroughly and
allow surface to dry before planting. Do not create muddy soil.
1. Restore areas if eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading and before planting.
3.4 EXCAVATION FOR TREES AND SHRUBS
A. Planting Pits and Trenches: Excavate circular planting pits with sides sloping inward at
a 45-degree angle. Excavations with vertical sides are not acceptable. Trim perimeter
of bottom leaving center area of bottom raised slightly to support root ball and assist in
drainage away from center. Do not further disturb base. Ensure that root ball will sit
on undisturbed base soil to prevent settling. Scarify sides of planting pit smeared or
smoothed during excavation.
1. Excavate approximately three times as wide as ball diameter for container-grown
stock.
2. Excavate at least 12 inches wider than root spread and deep enough to
accommodate vertical roots for bare-root stock.
3. Do not excavate deeper than depth of the root ball, measured from the root flare to
the bottom of the root ball.
4. If area under the plant was initially dug too deep, add soil to raise it to the correct
level and thoroughly tamp the added soil to prevent settling.
5. Maintain required angles of repose of adjacent materials as shown on the
Drawings. Do not excavate subgrades of adjacent paving, structures, hardscapes,
or other new or existing improvements.
6. Maintain supervision of excavations during working hours.
7. Keep excavations covered or otherwise protected after working hours.
8. If drain tile is shown on Drawings or required under planting areas, excavate to top
of porous backfill over tile.
B. Subsoil and topsoil removed from excavations may be used as planting soil.
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C. Obstructions: Notify Engineer if unexpected rock or obstructions detrimental to trees or
shrubs are encountered in excavations.
D. Drainage: Notify Engineer if subsoil conditions evidence unexpected water seepage or
retention in tree or shrub planting pits.
3.5 TREE, SHRUB, AND VINE PLANTING
A. Before planting, verify that root flare is visible at top of root ball according to
ANSI Z60.1. If root flare is not visible, remove soil in a level manner from the root ball
to where the top-most root emerges from the trunk. After soil removal to expose the
root flare, verify that root ball still meets size requirements.
B. Remove stem girdling roots and kinked roots. Remove injured roots by cutting cleanly;
do not break.
C. Set container-grown stock plumb and in center of planting pit or trench with root flare 1
inch above adjacent finish grades.
1. Use planting soil Topsoil for backfill.
2. Carefully remove root ball from container without damaging root ball or plant.
3. Backfill around root ball in layers, tamping to settle soil and eliminate voids and
air pockets. When planting pit is approximately one-half filled, water thoroughly
before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is
absorbed.
4. Place planting tablets in each planting pit when pit is approximately one-half
filled; in amounts recommended in soil reports from soil-testing laboratory. Place
tablets beside the root ball about 1 inch from root tips; do not place tablets in
bottom of the hole.
5. Continue backfilling process. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of
soil.
D. When planting on slopes, set the plant so the root flare on the uphill side is flush with
the surrounding soil on the slope; the edge of the root ball on the downhill side will be
above the surrounding soil. Apply enough soil to cover the downhill side of the root
ball.
E. Provide tree staking as required to ensure stable upright growth and protection from soil
settlement, wind, or other disturbance in accordance with nursery recommendations.
3.6 TREE, SHRUB, AND VINE PRUNING
A. Remove only dead, dying, or broken branches. Do not prune for shape.
B. Prune, thin, and shape trees, shrubs, and vines as directed by Engineer.
C. Prune, thin, and shape trees, shrubs, and vines according to standard professional
horticultural and arboricultural practices. Unless otherwise indicated by Engineer, do
not cut tree leaders; remove only injured, dying, or dead branches from trees and
shrubs; and prune to retain natural character.
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D. Do not apply pruning paint to wounds.
3.7 GROUND COVER AND PLANT PLANTING
A. Set out and space ground cover and plants other than trees, shrubs, and vines as
indicated in even rows with triangular spacing, as indicated on Drawings.
B. Use planting soil Topsoil for backfill unless otherwise specified.
C. Dig holes large enough to allow spreading of roots.
D. For rooted cutting plants supplied in flats, plan each in a manner that will minimally
disturb the root system but to a depth not less than two nodes.
E. For aquatic plants (emergent, submerged and floating species) provide containers,
anchoring and soil treatment specific to supplying nursery recommendations. Aquatic
plants shall be planted or placed so that maximum adjacent water depth is limited to 16"
at normal water elevation.
F. Work soil around roots or stakes and tamp to eliminate air pockets and leave a slight
saucer indentation around plants to hold water.
G. Water thoroughly after planting, taking care not to cover plant crowns with wet soil.
H. Protect plants from hot sun and wind; remove protection if plants show evidence of
recovery from transplanting shock.
3.8 TURF AREA PREPARATION
A. Limit turf subgrade preparation to areas to be planted.
B. Newly Graded Subgrades: Loosen subgrade to a minimum depth of 4 inches. Remove
stones larger than 2 inches in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other
extraneous matter and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
1. Apply superphosphate fertilizer directly to subgrade before loosening.
2. Thoroughly blend planting soil off-site before spreading.
a. Delay mixing fertilizer with planting soil if planting will not proceed within a
few days.
b. Mix lime with dry soil before mixing fertilizer.
3. Spread planting soil to a depth of 3 inches but not less than required to meet finish
grades after light rolling and natural settlement. Do not spread if planting soil or
subgrade is frozen, muddy, or excessively wet.
a. Spread approximately 1/2 the thickness of planting soil over loosened
subgrade. Mix thoroughly into top 2 inches of subgrade. Spread remainder
of planting soil.
b. Reduce elevation of planting soil to allow for soil thickness of sod.
C. Unchanged Subgrades: If turf is to be planted in areas unaltered or undisturbed by
excavating, grading, or surface-soil stripping operations, prepare surface soil as follows:
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Remove existing grass, vegetation, and turf. Do not mix into surface soil.
2. Loosen surface soil to a depth of at least 6 inches. Apply soil amendments and
fertilizers according to planting soil mix proportions and mix thoroughly into top 4
inches of soil. Till soil to a homogeneous mixture of fine texture.
3. Apply superphosphate fertilizer directly to surface soil before loosening.
4. Remove stones larger than 2 inches in any dimension and sticks, roots, trash, and
other extraneous matter.
Legally dispose of waste material, including grass, vegetation, and turf, off
Owner's property.
D. Finish Grading: Grade planting areas to a smooth, uniform surface plane with loose,
uniformly fine texture. Grade to within plus or minus 1/2 inch of finish elevation. Roll
and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to meet finish grades. Limit finish grading
to areas that can be planted in the immediate future.
E. Moisten prepared area before planting if soil is dry. Water thoroughly and allow
surface to dry before planting. Do not create muddy soil.
F. Before planting, obtain Engineer's acceptance of finish grading; restore planting areas if
eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading.
3.9 PREPARATION FOR EROSION-CONTROL MATERIALS
A. Prepare area as specified in "Turf Area Preparation" Article.
B. For erosion-control mats intended to be soil filled, install planting soil in two lifts, with
second lift equal to thickness of erosion-contro 1 mats. Install erosion-control mat and
fasten as recommended by material manufacturer.
C. Fill cells of erosion-control mat intended to be soil filled with planting soil and compact
before planting.
D. For erosion control mat not intended to be soil filled, place erosion control mat over top
of prepared planting soil or prepared seed bed and seed. Install erosion-control mat and
fasten as recommended by material manufacturer.
E. For erosion-control blanket or mesh, install from top of slope, working downward, and
as recommended by material manufacturer for site conditions. Fasten as recommended
by material manufacturer.
F. Moisten prepared area before planting if surface is dry. Water thoroughly and allow
surface to dry before planting. Do not create muddy soil.
3.10 TURF SEEDING
A. Sow seed with spreader or seeding machine. Do not broadcast or drop seed when wind
velocity exceeds 5 mph. Evenly distribute seed by sowing equal quantities in two
directions at right angles to each other.
1. Do not use wet seed or seed that is moldy or otherwise damaged.
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2. Do not seed against existing trees. Limit extent of seed to outside edge of planting
saucer.
B. Sow seed at the following rates:
Lawn seed mix: 8 lbs per 1,000 sq. ft.
C. Rake seed lightly into top 1/8 inch of soil, roll lightly, and water with fine spray.
D. Protect seeded areas with slopes exceeding 1:4 with erosion-control blankets and
exceeding 1:6 with erosion-control fiber mesh installed and stapled according to
manufacturer's written instructions.
E. Protect seeded areas with turf reinforcement mats where shown on Drawings; install
and anchor according to manufacturer's written instructions.
F. Protect seeded areas with slopes not exceeding 1:6 by spreading straw mulch. Spread
uniformly at a minimum rate of 2 tons/acre to form a continuous blanket 1-1/2 inches in
loose thickness over seeded areas. Spread by hand, blower, or other suitable
equipment.
1. Anchor straw mulch by crimping into soil with suitable mechanical equipment.
2. Bond straw mulch by spraying with asphalt emulsion at a rate of 10 to 13 gal./1000
sq. ft. Take precautions to prevent damage or staining of structures or other
plantings adjacent to mulched areas. Immediately clean damaged or stained areas.
G. Protect seeded areas from hot, dry weather or drying winds by applying planting soil
within 24 hours after completing seeding operations. Soak areas, scatter mulch
uniformly to a thickness of 3/16 inch, and roll surface smooth.
3.11 MEADOW SEEDING
A. Sow seed with spreader or seeding machine. Do not broadcast or drop seed when wind
velocity exceeds 5 mph. Evenly distribute seed by sowing equal quantities in two
directions at right angles to each other.
B. Sow seed at the following rates:
Meadow seed mix: 8 lbs per 1,000 sq. ft.
C. Brush seed into top 1/16 inch of topsoil, roll lightly, and water with fine spray.
D. Protect seeded areas with slopes exceeding 1:4 with erosion-control blankets and
exceeding 1:6 with erosion-control fiber mesh installed and stapled according to
manufacturer's written instructions.
E. Protect seeded areas with turf reinforcement mats where shown on Drawings; install
and anchor according to manufacturer's written instructions.
F. Protect seeded areas with slopes not exceeding 1:6 by spreading straw mulch. Spread
uniformly at a minimum rate of 2 tons/acre to form a continuous blanket 1-1/2 inches in
loose thickness over seeded areas. Spread by hand, blower, or other suitable
equipment.
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1. Anchor straw mulch by crimping into soil with suitable mechanical equipment.
2. Bond straw mulch by spraying with asphalt emulsion at a rate of 10 to 13 gal./1000
sq. ft.. Take precautions to prevent damage or staining of structures or other
plantings adjacent to mulched areas. Immediately clean damaged or stained areas.
G. Protect seeded areas from hot, dry weather or drying winds by applying straw mulch
within 24 hours after completing seeding operations. Soak and scatter uniformly to a
depth of 3/16 inch and roll to a smooth surface.
H. Water newly planted areas and keep moist until meadow is established.
3.12 WETLAND SEEDING
A. Coordinate pond and stream water levels to ensure sufficient period without inundation
for seed germination and vegetation establishment.
B. Sow seed with spreader or seeding machine. Do not broadcast or drop seed when wind
velocity exceeds 5 mph. Evenly distribute seed by sowing equal quantities in two
directions at right angles to each other.
Do not use wet seed or seed that is moldy or otherwise damaged.
C. Sow seed at a total rate of 5 oz. - 8 oz./1000 sq. ft.
D. Brush seed into top 1/16 inch of soil, roll lightly, and water with fine spray.
E. Protect seeded areas from hot, dry weather or drying winds by applying straw, peat or
compost mulch within 24 hours after completing seeding operations. Soak areas,
scatter mulch uniformly to a thickness of 3/16 inch, and roll surface smooth.
3.13 HYDROSEEDING
A. Hydroseeding: Mix specified seed, fertilizer, and fiber mulch in water, using
equipment specifically designed for hydroseed application. Continue mixing until
uniformly blended into homogeneous slurry suitable for hydraulic application.
Mix slurry with fiber-mulch manufacturer's recommended tackifier.
2. Apply slurry uniformly to all areas to be seeded in a one-step process. Apply
slurry at a rate so that mulch component is deposited at not less than 1500-1b/acre
dry weight, and seed component is deposited at not less than the specified seed-
sowing rate.
3.14 SODDING
A. Lay sod within 24 hours of harvesting. Do not lay sod if dormant or if ground is frozen
or muddy.
B. Lay sod to form a solid mass with tightly fitted ioints. Butt ends and sides of sod; do
not stretch or overlap. Stagger sod strips or pads to offset joints in adjacent courses.
Avoid damage to subgrade or sod during installation. Tamp and roll lightly to ensure
contact with subgrade, eliminate air pockets, and form a smooth surface. Work sifted
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soil or fine sand into minor cracks between pieces of sod; remove excess to avoid
smothering sod and adjacent grass.
1. Lay sod across angle of slopes exceeding 1:3.
2. Anchor sod on slopes exceeding 1:6 with steel staples spaced as recommended by
sod manufacturer but not less than 2 anchors per sod strip to prevent slippage.
C. Saturate sod with fine water spray within two hours of planting. During first week,
water daily or more frequently as necessary to maintain moist soil to a minimum depth
of 1 '/2 inch below sod.
3.15 PLANT MAINTENANCE
A. Maintain plantings by pruning, cultivating, watering, weeding, fertilizing, mulching,
restoring planting saucers, adjusting and repairing tree-stabilization devices, resetting to
proper grades or vertical position, and performing other operations as required to
establish healthy, viable plantings. Spray or treat as required to keep trees and shrubs
free of insects and disease.
B. Fill in as necessary soil subsidence that may occur because of settling or other
processes. Replace mulch materials damaged or lost in areas of subsidence.
C. Apply treatments as required to keep plant materials, planted areas, and soils free of
pests and pathogens or disease. Use integrated past management practices whenever
possible to minimize the use of pesticides and reduce hazards. Treatments include
physical controls such as hosing off foliage, mechanical controls such as traps, and
biological control agents.
3.16 TURF RENOVATION
A. Renovate existing turf.
B. Renovate existing turf damaged by Contractor's operations, such as storage of materials
or equipment and movement of vehicles.
1. Reestablish turf where settlement or washouts occur or where minor regrading is
required.
2. Install new planting soil as required.
C. Remove sod and vegetation from diseased or unsatisfactory turf areas; do not bury in
soil.
D. Remove topsoil containing foreign materials such as oil drippings, fuel spills, stones,
gravel, and other construction materials resulting from Contractor's operations, and
replace with new planting soil.
E. Mow, dethatch, core aerate, and rake existing turf.
F. Remove weeds before seeding. Where weeds are extensive, apply selective herbicides
as required. Do not use pre-emergence herbicides.
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G. Remove waste and foreign materials, including weeds, soil cores, grass, vegetation, and
turf, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
H. Till stripped, bare, and compacted areas thoroughly to a soil depth of 6 inches.
1. Apply soil amendments and initial fertilizers required for establishing new turf and mix
thoroughly into top 4 inches of existing soil. Install new planting soil to fill low spots
and meet finish grades.
Apply seed and protect with straw mulch as required for new turf.
K. Water newly planted areas and keep moist until new turf is established.
3.17 TURF MAINTENANCE
A. Maintain and establish turf by watering, fertilizing, weeding, mowing, trimming,
replanting, and performing other operations as required to establish healthy, viable turf.
Roll, regrade, and replant bare or eroded areas and remulch to produce a uniformly
smooth turf. Provide materials and installation the same as those used in the original
installation.
1. Fill in as necessary soil subsidence that may occur because of settling or other
processes. Replace materials and turf damaged or lost in areas of subsidence.
2. In areas where mulch has been disturbed by wind or maintenance operations, add
new mulch and anchor as required to prevent displacement.
3. Apply treatments as required to keep turf and soil free of pests and pathogens or
disease. Use integrated pest management practices whenever possible to minimize
the use of pesticides and reduce hazards.
B. Watering: Install and maintain temporary piping, hoses, and turf-watering equipment to
convey water from sources and to keep turf uniformly moist to a depth of 4 inches.
1. Schedule watering to prevent wilting, puddling, erosion, and displacement of seed
or mulch. Lay out temporary watering system to avoid walking over muddy or
newly planted areas.
2. Water turf with fine spray at a minimum rate of 1 inch per week unless rainfall
precipitation is adequate.
C. Mow turf as soon as top growth is tall enough to cut. Repeat mowing to maintain
specified height without cutting more than 1/3 of grass height. Remove no more than
1/3 of grass-leaf growth in initial or subsequent mowings. Do not delay mowing until
grass blades bend over and become matted. Do not mow when grass is wet. Schedule
initial and subsequent mowings to maintain the following grass height:
1. Mow turf-type tall fescue to a height of 3 inches.
2. Mow Meadow areas annually to height of 6" or as directed and required by
Engineer.
D. Turf Postfertilization: Apply fertilizer after initial mowing and when grass is dry.
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1. Use fertilizer that will provide actual nitrogen of at least 1 lb/1000 sq. ft. to turf
area.
3.18 SATISFACTORY TURF
A. Turf installations shall meet the following criteria as determined by Engineer:
1. Satisfactory Seeded Turf. At end of maintenance period, a healthy, uniform, close
stand of grass has been established, free of weeds and surface irregularities, with
coverage exceeding 90 percent over any 10 sq. ft. and bare spots not exceeding 4
by 4 inches.
2. Satisfactory Sodded Turf. At end of maintenance period, a healthy, well-rooted,
even-colored, viable turf has been established, free of weeds, open joints, bare
areas, and surface irregularities.
B. Use specified materials to reestablish turf that does not comply with requirements and
continue maintenance until turf is satisfactory.
C. Water newly planted areas and keep moist until marsh and riparian vegetation is
established.
3.19 WETLAND MAINTENANCE
A. Maintain and establish wetland areas by watering, weeding, mowing, trimming,
replanting, and performing other operations as required to establish a healthy, viable
wetland zone. Roll, regrade, and replant bare or eroded areas and remulch. Provide
materials and installation the same as those used in the original installation.
Fill in as necessary soil subsidence that may occur because of settling or other
processes. Replace materials and vegetation damaged or lost in areas of
subsidence.
2. In areas where mulch or erosion control material has been disturbed by wind or
maintenance operations, add new mulch or erosion control material and anchor as
required to prevent displacement.
3. Remove weeds by selective hand weeding.
4. If cattails become invasive, a licensed aquatic pesticide applicator should be
retained to remove them with direct application of a wipe on herbicide.
5. Apply treatments as required to keep planting area and soil free of pests and
pathogens or disease. Use integrated pest management practices whenever
possible to minimize the use of pesticides and reduce hazards.
B. Watering: Install and maintain temporary piping, hoses, and watering equipment to
convey water from sources and to keep wetland areas uniformly moist.
1. Schedule watering to prevent wilting, puddling, erosion, and displacement of seed
or mulch. Lay out temporary watering system to avoid walking over muddy or
newly planted areas.
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2. Water wetland areas with fine spray at a minimum rate of 1/2 inch per week for
eight weeks after planting, or as necessary to ensure viability, unless rainfall
precipitation is adequate.
Wetland plantings shall be watered daily or kept in standing water as specified by
nursery or supplier until plants are established and design hydrology is satisfied by
establishing the normal pool water level.
4. Care shall be taken to prevent the drowning of wetland plants by prolonged
inundation or exceeding the plants optimal inundation depth.
C. Sediment Removal: Sediment shall be removed selectively according to the stormwater
management permit.
Stable ground cover shall be maintained in all drainage areas to the wetland to
reduce the sediment load to the wetland.
2. Sediment accumulation should be periodically removed from the areas around the
inlet and outlet structures to restore proper function.
If sedimentation occurs at the forebays or in the deep pools (25% of the forebay or
deep pool is filled), remove the sediment, taking care not to disturb the vegetation,
locate and remediate the source of the sediment. Dispose of sediment in a location
that will not affect any Best Management Practices.
D. Outlet and stormwater control devices shall be maintained clean of debris and
operational according to the stormwater management permit.
E. Significant algal growth (covering over 10% of the open water area) in the wet pool
portions of the wetland shall be remediated appropriate best management practices to
reduce nutrient levels and resulting algal growth. Water quality testing may be required
to identify specific mechanisms for eutrophication and remediation required.
F. Records of inspection and maintenance will be kept in a known and set location. These
shall be made available by request.
3.20 PESTICIDE APPLICATION
A. Apply pesticides and other chemical products and biological control agents in
accordance with authorities having jurisdiction and manufacturer's written
recommendations. Coordinate applications with Owner's operations and others in
proximity to the Work. Notify Owner before each application is performed.
B. Pre-Emergent Herbicides (Selective and Non- Selective): Apply to tree, shrub, and
ground-cover areas in accordance with manufacturer's written recommendations. Do
not apply to seeded areas.
C. Post-Emergent Herbicides (Selective and Non-Selective): Apply only as necessary to
treat already-germinated weeds and in accordance with manufacturer's written
recommendations.
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3.21 CLEANUP AND PROTECTION
March 31, 2009
A. During planting, keep adjacent paving and construction clean and work area in an
orderly condition.
B. Protect plants from damage due to landscape operations and operations of other
contractors and trades. Maintain protection during installation and maintenance
periods. Treat, repair, or replace damaged plantings.
C. After installation and before Substantial Completion, remove nursery tags, nursery
stakes, tie tape, labels, wire, burlap, and other debris from plant material, planting areas,
and Project site.
3.22 DISPOSAL
1. Remove surplus soil and waste material including excess subsoil, unsuitable soil,
trash, and debris and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
END OF SECTION 2940
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SECTION 03300 - CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 SUMMARY
A. This Section specifies cast-in place concrete, including formwork, reinforcement, concrete
materials, mixture design, placement procedures, and finishes.
B. See Division 2 Section "Earth Moving" for drainage fill under slabs-on-grade.
1.2 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B. Design Mixtures: For each concrete mixture.
C. Shop Drawings: For steel reinforcement. Material test reports.
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm experienced in manufacturing ready-mixed concrete
products and that complies with ASTM C 94/C 94M requirements for production facilities and
equipment.
1. Manufacturer certified according to NRMCA's "Certification of Ready Mixed Concrete
Production Facilities."
B. ACI Publications: Comply with the following unless modified by requirements in the Contract
Documents:
1. ACI 301, "Specification for Structural Concrete," Sections 1 through 5.
2. ACI 117, "Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials."
PART 2-PRODUCTS
2.1 FORM-FACING MATERIALS
A. Smooth-Formed Finished Concrete: Form-facing panels that will provide continuous, true, and
smooth concrete surfaces. Furnish in largest practicable sizes to minimize number of joints.
B. Rough-Formed Finished Concrete: Plywood, lumber, metal, or another approved material.
Provide lumber dressed on at least two edges and one side for tight fit.
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2.2 STEEL REINFORCEMENT
A. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60, deformed.
1. Galvanized Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 767/A 767M, Class I zinc coated after
fabrication and bending.
2. Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 775/A 775M, epoxy coated, with less than 2
percent damaged coating in each 12-inch bar length.
B. Plain-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 185, plain, fabricated from as-drawn steel
wire into flat sheets.
C. Deformed-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 497, flat sheet.
D. Galvanized-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 185, plain, fabricated from
galvanized steel wire into flat sheets.
E. Epoxy-Coated Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 884/A 884M, Class A coated, Type 1,
deformed steel.
F. Bar Supports: Bolsters, chairs, spacers, and other devices for spacing, supporting, and fastening
reinforcing bars and welded wire reinforcement in place. Manufacture bar supports from steel
wire, plastic, or precast concrete according to CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice."
2.3 CONCRETE MATERIALS
A. Cementitious Material: Use the following cementiti ous materials, of the same type, brand, and
source, throughout Project:
1. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type II.
B. Normal-Weight Aggregates: ASTM C 33, graded, 3/4-inch nominal maximum coarse-
aggregate size.
1. Fine Aggregate: Free of materials with deleterious reactivity to alkali in cement.
C. Water: ASTM C 94/C 94M.
D. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C 260.
E. Chemical Admixtures: Provide admixtures certified by manufacturer to be compatible with
other admixtures and that will not contribute water-soluble chloride ions exceeding those
permitted in hardened concrete. Do not use cal cium chloride or admixtures containing calcium
chloride.
1. Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type A.
2. Retarding Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type B.
3. Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type D.
4. High-Range, Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type F.
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5. High-Range, Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M,
Type G.
6. Plasticizing and Retarding Admixture: ASTM C 1017/C 1017M, Type II.
F. Color Pigment: ASTM C 979, synthetic mineral-oxide pigments or colored water-reducing
admixtures; color stable, nonfading, and resistant to lime and other alkalis.
1. Available Manufacturers:
a. Bayer Corporation.
b. ChemMasters.
C. Conspec Marketing & Manufacturing Co., Inc.; a Dayton Superior Company.
d. Davis Colors.
e. Elementis Pigments, Inc.
f. Hoover Color Corporation.
g. Lambert Corporation.
h. Scofield, L. M. Company.
i. Solomon Colors.
2. Color: As selected by Engineer from manufacturer's full range.
2.4 CURING MATERIALS
A. Evaporation Retarder: Waterborne, monomolecular film forming, manufactured for application
to fresh concrete.
B. Absorptive Cover: AASHTO M 182, Class 2, burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf, weighing
approximately 9 oz./sq. yd when dry.
C. Moisture-Retaining Cover: ASTM C 171, polyethylene film or white burlap-polyethylene
sheet.
D. Water: Potable.
E. Clear, Waterborne, Membrane-Forming Curing Compound: ASTM C 309, Type 1, Class B,
dissipating.
2.5 RELATED MATERIALS
A. Expansion- and Isolation-Joint-Filler Strips: ASTM D 1751, asphalt-saturated cellulosic fiber.
2.6 CONCRETE MIXTURES
A. Prepare design mixtures for each type and strength of concrete, proportioned on the basis of
laboratory trial mixture or field test data, or both, according to ACI 301.
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B. Cementitious Materials: Use fly ash, pozzolan, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica
fume as needed to reduce the total amount of portland cement, which would otherwise be used,
by not less than 40 percent.
C. Proportion normal-weight concrete mixture as follows:
1. Minimum Compressive Strength: 4000 psi at 28 days.
2. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio: 0.40.
3. Slump Limit: 4 inches for concrete with verified slump of 2 to 4 inches (before adding
high-range water-reducing admixture or plasticizing admixture, plus or minus 1 inch (25
mm).
4. Air Content: 6 percent, plus or minus 1.5 percent at point of delivery for 3/4-inch
nominal maximum aggregate size.
5. Air Content: Do not allow air content of troweled finished floors to exceed 3 percent.
6. Synthetic Fiber: Uniformly disperse in concrete mixture at manufacturer's recommended
rate, but not less than 1.0 lb/cu. yd.
2.7 FABRICATING REINFORCEMENT
A. Fabricate steel reinforcement according to CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice."
2.8 CONCRETE MIXING
A. Ready-Mixed Concrete: Measure, batch, mix, and deliver concrete according to
ASTM C 94/C 94M, and furnish batch ticket information.
When air temperature is between 85 and 90 deg F, reduce mixing and delivery time from
1-1/2 hours to 75 minutes; when air temperature is above 90 deg F, reduce mixing and
delivery time to 60 minutes.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 FORMWORK
A. Design, erect, shore, brace, and maintain formwork according to ACI 301 to support vertical,
lateral, static, and dynamic loads, and construction loads that might be applied, until structure
can support such loads.
B. Construct formwork so concrete members and structures are of size, shape, alignment,
elevation, and position indicated, within tolerance limits of ACI 117.
C. Chamfer exterior corners and edges of permanently exposed concrete.
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3.2 EMBEDDED ITEMS
A. Place and secure anchorage devices and other embedded items required for adjoining work that
is attached to or supported by cast-in-place concrete. Use setting drawings, templates,
diagrams, instructions, and directions furnished with items to be embedded.
3.3 STEEL REINFORCEMENT
A. General: Comply with CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice" for placing reinforcement.
Do not cut or puncture vapor retarder. Repair damage and reseal vapor retarder before
placing concrete.
3.4 JOINTS
A. General: Construct joints true to line with faces perpendicular to surface plane of concrete.
B. Construction Joints: Install so strength and appearance of concrete are not impaired, at
locations indicated or as approved by Engineer.
C. Contraction Joints in Slabs-on-Grade: Form weakened-plane contraction joints, sectioning
concrete into areas as indicated. Construct contraction joints for a depth equal to at least one-
fourth of concrete thickness as follows:
1. Grooved Joints: Form contraction joints after initial floating by grooving and finishing
each edge of joint to a radius of 1/8 inch. Repeat grooving of contraction joints after
applying surface finishes. Eliminate groover tool marks on concrete surfaces.
2. Sawed Joints: Form contraction joints with power saws equipped with shatterproof
abrasive or diamond-rimmed blades. Cut 1/8-inch-wide joints into concrete when cutting
action will not tear, abrade, or otherwise damage surface and before concrete develops
random contraction cracks.
D. Isolation Joints in Slabs-on-Grade: After removing formwork, install joint-filler strips at slab
junctions with vertical surfaces, such as column pedestals, foundation walls, grade beams, and
other locations, as indicated.
3.5 CONCRETE PLACEMENT
A. Before placing concrete, verify that installation of formwork, reinforcement, and embedded
items is complete and that required inspections have been performed.
B. Deposit concrete continuously in one layer or in horizontal layers of such thickness that no new
concrete will be placed on concrete that has hardened enough to cause seams or planes of
weakness. If a section cannot be placed continuously, provide construction joints as indicated.
Deposit concrete to avoid segregation.
Consolidate placed concrete with mechanical vibrating equipment according to ACI 301.
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C. Cold-Weather Placement: Comply with ACI 306.1.
D. Hot-Weather Placement: Comply with ACI 301.
3.6 FINISHING FORMED SURFACES
A. Rough-Formed Finish: As-cast concrete texture imparted by form-facing material with tie holes
and defects repaired and patched. Remove fins and other projections that exceed specified
limits on formed-surface irregularities.
Apply to concrete surfaces not exposed to public view.
B. Smooth-Formed Finish: As-cast concrete texture imparted by form-facing material, arranged in
an orderly and symmetrical manner with a minimum of seams. Repair and patch tie holes and
defects. Remove fins and other projections that exceed specified limits on formed-surface
irregularities.
1. Apply to concrete surfaces exposed to public view.
C. Rubbed Finish: Apply the following to smooth-formed finished as-cast concrete where
indicated:
1. Smooth-Rubbed Finish: Not later than one day after form removal, moisten concrete
surfaces and rub with carborundum brick or another abrasive until producing a uniform
color and texture. Do not apply cement grout other than that created by the rubbing
process.
2. Grout-Cleaned Finish: Wet concrete surfaces and apply grout of a consistency of thick
paint to coat surfaces and fill small holes. Mix one part portland cement to one and one-
half parts fine sand with a 1:1 mixture of bonding admixture and water. Add white
portland cement in amounts determined by trial patches so color of dry grout will match
adjacent surfaces. Scrub grout into voids and remove excess grout. When grout whitens,
rub surface with clean burlap and keep surface damp by fog spray for at least 36 hours.
3. Cork-Floated Finish: Wet concrete surfaces and apply a stiff grout. Mix one part
portland cement and one part fine sand with a 1:1 mixture of bonding agent and water.
Add white portland cement in amounts determined by trial patches so color of dry grout
will match adjacent surfaces. Compress grout into voids by grinding surface. In a
swirling motion, finish surface with a cork float.
D. Related Unformed Surfaces: At tops of walls, horizontal offsets, and similar unformed surfaces
adjacent to formed surfaces, strike off smooth and finish with a texture matching adjacent
formed surfaces. Continue final surface treatment of formed surfaces uniformly across adjacent
unformed surfaces, unless otherwise indicated.
3.7 CONCRETE PROTECTING AND CURING
A. General: Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying and excessive cold or hot
temperatures. Comply with ACI 306.1 for cold-weather protection and ACI 301 for hot-
weather protection during curing.
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B. Evaporation Retarder: Apply evaporation retarder to unformed concrete surfaces if hot, dry, or
windy conditions cause moisture loss approaching 0.2 lb/sq. ft. x h before and during finishing
operations. Apply according to manufacturer's written instructions after placing, screeding, and
bull floating or darbying concrete, but before float finishing.
C. Cure concrete according to ACI 308. 1, by one or a combination of the following methods:
1. Moisture Curing: Keep surfaces continuously moist for not less than seven days.
2. Moisture-Retaining-Cover Curing: Cover concrete surfaces with moisture-retaining
cover for curing concrete, placed in widest practicable width, with sides and ends lapped
at least 12 inches, and sealed by waterproof tape or adhesive. Cure for not less than
seven days. Immediately repair any holes or tears during curing period using cover
material and waterproof tape.
3. Curing Compound: Apply uniformly in continuous operation by power spray or roller
according to manufacturer's written instructions. Recoat areas subjected to heavy rainfall
within three hours after initial application. Maintain continuity of coating and repair
damage during curing period.
a. After curing period has elapsed, remove curing compound without damaging
concrete surfaces by method recommended by curing compound manufacturer.
4. Curing and Sealing Compound: Apply uniformly to floors and slabs indicated in a
continuous operation by power spray or roller according to manufacturer's written
instructions. Recoat areas subjected to heavy rainfall within three hours after initial
application. Repeat process 24 hours later and apply a second coat. Maintain continuity
of coating and repair damage during curing period.
3.8 CONCRETE SURFACE REPAIRS
A. Defective Concrete: Repair and patch defective areas when approved by Engineer. Remove
and replace concrete that cannot be repaired and patched to Engineer's approval.
3.9 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing and Inspecting: Owner will engage a qualified independent testing and inspecting
agency to perform field tests and inspections and prepare test reports.
Testing Services: Tests shall be performed according to ACI 301.
END OF SECTION 03300
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