WQ0000020_Operation and Maintenance Plan_20151028

O&M Plan Revision 0
October 2015
Operations and Maintenance Plan Pursuant to 15A NCAC 02T.1208
15A NCAC 02T .1208 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN
An Operation and Maintenance Plan shall be maintained for all CCP management programs. The
plan shall:
(1) describe the operation of the program and any associated wastewater treatment systems and
equipment in sufficient detail to show what operations are necessaryfor the program to function
and by whom the functions are to be conducted; (Operational Functions)
The ash basins (wastewater treatment units) at the Asheville Plant operate under an existing NPDES
permit. This permit describes the operation of the ash basins and these ash.basins are maintained
in operating order by Asheville Plant personnel. To facilitate removal of ash from the ash basins for
transport off-site, ash is.removed from the ash basins and stacked in upland areas of the basins. The
stacking allows excess water to drain from the ash. After a period of time to dewater, ash is placed
into dump trucks which are then covered for transport off-site via truck. Prior to leaving the Plant,
the trucks travel through a wheel wash system.
Area I, Area IV and Area III CCP fills at the Asheville Airport operate under or had operated under an
Erosion & Sediment Control (E&SC) permit. held by the Asheville Airport. The E&SC permit is in
operation until there is sufficient vegetative cover over the constructed areas. While the E&SC
permit is in operation, there are required inspections of the construction areas, including after
certain sized rain events. These inspections will be completed by the Asheville Airport or the
Asheville Airport's contractor.
Once the E&SC permit expires or is substantially fulfilled for Area III, Duke Energy Progress, LLC
(Duke Energy Progress) will complete quarterly inspections of the three structural fill areas. These
inspections will evaluate the structural fill for the vegetative caps, visible evidence of subsidence,
erosion or seepage, drainage pathways, storm water collection systems and condition of the
groundwater monitoring wells. Duke Energy Progress will keep records of these inspections along
with any pertinent photographs. If these inspections observe any exposed liners or coal ash, Duke
Energy Progress will immediately notify the Asheville Airport.
The Asheville Airport, as the land owner, is required per 15A NCAC 04B .0113 to install and/or
maintain all necessary permanent erosion and sediment control measures. The Asheville Airport
will complete any repairs necessary to the structural fill areas whereas Duke Energy Progress will
complete any repairs as necessary to the groundwater monitoring wells. The Asheville Airport will
periodically mow the three structural fill areas to prevent intrusion from woody vegetation.
Area I structural fill is proposed to be developed with future hangars and pavement while Area IV
and Area III structural fills are proposed to be developed by a future taxiway. The Asheville Airport
will notify Duke Energy Progress prior to beginning any construction in areas underlain by CCPs. The
Asheville Airport will also notify Duke Energy Progress if any liner or CCPs are encountered during
construction in areas underlain by CCPs. The top of CCPs have been delineated by as -built surveys
and will be provided by the Asheville Airport to construction contractors to prevent excavation into
the CCPs during construction activities.

O&M Plan Revision 0
October 2015
Separate from the inspections noted above, Duke Energy Progress completes monthly inspections of
the three fill areas. Once Area III fill is completed (i.e. USC permit closed or substantially fulfilled),
these inspections will revert to quarterly. These monthly/quarterly inspections completed by Duke
Energy Progress will be utilized to submit the annual report as required by Condition V.2. of permit
WQ0000020 (dated September 2, 2015).
(1) describe anticipated maintenance of wastewater treatment systems and equipment that are
associated with the program; (Maintenance Schedules)
The ash basins (wastewater treatment units) at the Asheville Plant are maintained by Asheville Plant
personnel to operate within the NPDES permit limits. There are no wastewater treatment systems
at the Asheville Airport associated with the three structural fill areas. As stated above, the Asheville
Airport holds the E&SC permits while construction is underway and required by regulation to
maintain the construction areas once the E&SC permits have been closed.
Charah, Inc. holds a discharge permit with the Asheville Metropolitan Sewerage District (MSD) for
the discharge of leachate for Area IV (Phases 1 & 2) and Area III. Once the ash is capped by the
geomembrane and the membrane is covered with soils, leachate generation greatly diminishes. In
fact, it is anticipated that by August 2018, all leachate discharges to the MSD will cease. In the
meantime, Charah provides all required leachate volumes and analysis directly to MSD in
compliance with their permit.
(3) include provisions for safety measures including restriction of access to the site and equipment
as appropriate, (Safety Measures)
The Asheville Plant ash basins are fenced to prevent unauthorized access. The Asheville Airport
property is also fenced to prevent unauthorized access.
(4) include spill control provisions including:
(a) response to spills including control, containment, and remediation and
(b) contact information for program personnel, emergency responders, and regulatory agencies;
(Spill Response Plan)
Transport of ash from the Asheville Plant to the Asheville Airport has ceased. As such, there is no
need for spill control regarding transport of ash for structural fill at the Asheville Airport.
The proper operation of the ash basins (wastewater treatment units) prevent the spillage of ash at
the Asheville Plant while E&SC permits at the Asheville Airport prevent the spillage of ash off the
Asheville Airport site. However, for completeness, the following contacts are provided:
Duke Ener¢v
Matt Pickett —CCP System Owner Asheville Plant
Office: 828 650-7128
Mobile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

O&M Plan Revision 0
October 2015
Teresa Williams—Lead Environ me nta I Spec ia list Ash evil le Plant
Office: 828 687-5240
Mobile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
John Toepfer— Lead Engineer Waste and Groundwater Programs
Office: 919-546-7863
Mobile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Asheville Airport
Michael A. Reisman — Deputy Executive Director, Development & Operations
Office: 828-684-2226, ext. 13253
Email: [e-mail]
Charah. Inc.
Norman Divers — Engineering & Environmental Manager
Office: 704-731-2300
Mobile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Eric D. Effinger—Senior Project Manager
Office: 502-245-1353
Mobile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Brett Laverty — Water Quality Regional Operations
Office: 828-296-4681
Email: [e-mail]
(5) describe the sampling and analysis protocol used to ensure that the program complies with this
Section and any issued permits. (Sampling and Monitoring Plan)
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality requires groundwater monitoring and
surface water monitoring at the three structural fills at the Asheville Airport as outlined in permit
WQ0000020 (dated September 2, 2015). Duke Energy Progress samples the groundwater
monitoring wells two times per year (April & November) along with the two surface water sampling
locations near Area I fill for the parameter list specified in the above -referenced permit. The results
are required to be submitted to the State on form GW59CCR along with the laboratory results.
Duke Energy Progress utilizes the low flow sampling methodology and groundwater sampled will be
submitted to a North Carolina certified laboratory for analysis.
Duke Energy Progress has submitted the low flow sampling methodology to the State in the past
and it is included here for reference.

DUKE
ENER,
Low Flow Sampling Plan
Energy
Facilities
Ash Basin Groundwater Assessment Program

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
Table of Contents J. Du to
*' E*'RGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LowFlow Sampling Plan..............................................................................
1.0 PURPOSE......................................................................................................
2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS....................................................................
3.0 PROCEDURES..............................................................................................
3.1 Pre -Job Preparation....................................................................................
3.2 Water -Level Measurements........................................................................
3.3 Well Purging...............................................................................................
3.3.1 Low -Flow Well Purging...................................................................
3.3.2 Volume -Averaging Well Purging .....................................................
3.4 Sampling................................................................................................
3.4.1 Low -Flow Sampling........................................................................
3.4.2 Sampling after Volume -Averaging Purge ........................................
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping ..............................................
3.5.1 Handling.........................................................................................
3.5.2 Sample Labels................................................................................
3.5.3 Chain -of -Custody Record...............................................................
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples................................................................
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation................................................................
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management ............................................
4.0 REFERENCES..............................................................................................
APPENDIX A -Decontamination of Equipment SOP ............................................
1.0 Purpose & Application...............................................................................
2.0 Equipment & Materials...................................................................................
3.0 Procedure......................................................................................................
3.1 Decontamination of Non -Disposable Sampling Equipment ...................
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation .............................................
3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment ........................
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities .............................................
APPENDIX B -Sampling Equipment Check List - Table 1 ...................................
APPENDIX C -Field Logbook/Data Sheets..........................................................

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
1.01PURPOSE .f�DUKE
t' EWRGY
1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this low flow sampling plan is to establish a standard operating
procedure (SOP) to describe collection procedures for groundwater samples from
monitoring wells using low -flow purging and sampling techniques or by the volume -
averaged purging and sampling method at Duke Energy Ash Basin Groundwater
Assessment Program facilities.
2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Potential hazards associated with the planned tasks shall be thoroughly evaluated prior
to conducting field activities. The Ready -To -Work Plan developed for each facility
provides, among other items, a description of potential hazards and associated safety
and control measures.
Sampling personnel must wear powder -free nitrile gloves or equivalent while
performing the procedures described in this SOP. Specifically, gloves must be worn
while preparing sample bottles, preparing and decontaminating sampling equipment,
collecting samples, and packing samples. At a minimum, gloves must be changed
prior to the collection of each sample, or as necessary to prevent the possibility of
cross -contamination with the sample, the sample bottles, or the sampling equipment.
Field sampling equipment shall be decontaminated in accordance with the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A) prior to use. Although sampling
should typically be conducted from least to most impacted location, field logistics may
necessitate other sample collection priorities. When sampling does not proceed from
least to most impacted location, precautions must be taken to ensure that appropriate
levels of decontamination are achieved.
An example of equipment needed to properly conduct low -flow purging and sampling or
volume- averaged groundwater purging and sampling is listed on the example checklist
in Table 1 (Appendix B).
If a portable generator is used to power the purge pump, it shall be attempted to be
located downwind of the well being sampling to avoid cross -contamination of the sample
with exhaust from the generator motor.

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURESDUICE
t
Nmy
3.0 PROCEDURES
The following sections describe the general operating procedures and methods
associated with groundwater sampling. Any variation in these procedures must be
approved by the Project Manager (PM) and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Lead and must be fully documented. Field work cannot progress until deviations are
approved or resolved.
3.1 Pre -Job Preparation
The information listed below may be reviewed prior to sampling activities, if available,
and can be beneficial on-site for reference in the field as necessary:
• A list of the monitoring wells to be sampled;
• Information describing well location, using site-specific or topographic maps or
Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates and descriptions tied directly to
prominent field markers;
• A list of the analytical requirements for each sampling location;
• Boring logs and well construction details, if available;
• Survey data that identify the documented point of reference (V -notch or other
mark on well casing) for the collection of depth -to -groundwater and total well
depth measurements;
• Previous depth -to -groundwater measurements;
• Previous pump placement depths (dedicated pumps as well as portable pumps)
for each sampling location, if available;
• Previous pump settings and pumping and drawdown rates, if available; and
• Previous analytical results for each monitoring well, if known.
The information above is useful when determining the sampling order, pump intake
depth, and purge and recharge rates, and can facilitate troubleshooting.
The following activities should be completed prior to mobilizing to the site:
• Obtain equipment necessary for completing the sampling activities (see the
example checklist in Table 1).
• Ensure appropriate laboratory -provided bottles are available for both the required
analyses and for QC samples and that there has been thorough coordination with
the analytical laboratory.

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURES Jtgm
Obtain site-specific maps or GPS coordinates showing clearly marked
monitoring well locations or groundwater sample points.
• Review the project work control documents such as the Ready -To -Work Plan,
and appropriate SOPS in an effort to determine project -specific sampling
requirements, procedures, and goals.
• Verify that legal right -of -entry has been obtained and site access has been
granted, where required.
• Instruct the field team to avoid discussing project data with the public and to refer
questions to the Project Manager.
3.2 Water -Level Measurements
Prior to pump placement, an initial depth -to -water level and total well depth should be
measured. For monitoring wells screened across the water table, this measurement
shall be used to determine the required depth to the pump intake (typically, approximately
the mid -point of the saturated screen length for low -flow purging and sampling). The
procedure for measuring water levels may include the following:
1) Inspect the well head area for evidence of damage or disturbance. Record
notable observations in the field logbook.
2) Carefully open the protective outer cover of the monitoring well noting the
presence of bee hives and/or spiders, as these animals are frequently found
inside well covers. Remove any debris that has accumulated around the riser
near the well plug. If water is present above the top of the riser and well plug,
remove the water prior to opening the well plug. Do not open the well until the
water above the well head has been removed.
3) If practical, well plugs shall be left open for approximately five minutes to allow
the static water level to equilibrate before measuring the water level (if well plugs
are vented, then a waiting period is not applicable).
4) Using an electronic water -level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the
distance between the established point of reference (usually a V -notch or
indelible mark on the well riser) and the surface of the standing water present in
the well. Record these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until
two successive readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
5) Using an electronic water -level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the
distance between the established point of reference (usually a V -notch or
indelible mark on the well riser) and the bottom of the well. Note that there
should not be considerable slack in the water -level indicator cable. Record
these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until two successive
readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
6) If the monitoring well has the potential to contain non -aqueous phase liquids
(NAPLs), probe the well for these materials using an optical interface probe.
These wells will be attempted to be identified by the Project Manager prior to

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.OPROCEDURES 4,EDS Y
mobilizing to the well. If NAPL is present, consult the Project Manager for
direction on collecting samples for analysis. In general, do not collect
groundwater samples from monitoring wells containing NAPL.
7) Decontaminate the water -level indicator (and interface probe, if applicable)
and return the indicator to its clean protective casing.
3.3 Well Purging
Wells must be purged prior to sampling to ensure that representative groundwater is
obtained from the water -bearing unit. If the well has been previously sampled in
accordance with this sampling plan, then the depth to the pump intake and the pumping
rates should be duplicated to the extent possible during subsequent sampling events.
Section 3.3.1 provides a description of low -flow well purging, and Section 3.3.2 provides
a description of volume -averaging well purging (in the case it's needed).
3.3.1 Low -Flow Well Purging
Adjustable-rate peristaltic, bladder and electric submersible pumps are preferred for use
during low -flow purging and sampling activities. Since purging and sampling are joined
together as one continuous operation, care will be given to pump selection as it applies
to the specific well conditions and analytes to be tested. Note that a ball valve (or similar
valve constructed of polyethylene) may need to be installed to reduce the flow rate to the
required level. The low -flow purging and sampling guidance is provided below:
1) Using the specific details of well construction and current water -level
measurement, determine the pump intake set depth (typically the approximate
mid -point of the saturated well screen or other target sample collection depth
adjacent to specific high -yield zones).
2) Attach tubing and supporting rope (if applicable) to the pump and very slowly
lower the unit until the pump intake depth is reached. Measure the length of
supporting rope required, taking into account the pump length, to attain the
required depth. Record the depth to the pump intake in the field logbook.
Notes: 1 ) Sampling shall use new certified -clean disposable tubing. 2)
Rope shall be clean, unused, dedicated nylon rope. If a pump is to remain
in a well as part of a separate monitoring program, then the rope shall be
suspended within the well above the water column for future use. If the
pump is removed after sample collection, the rope shall be disposed.
3) After allowing time for the water level to equilibrate, slowly lower the electronic
water -level probe into the well until the probe contacts the groundwater. Record
the water level in the field logbook.
4

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.OPROCEDURES J�EDL#aMY
4) If the well has been previously sampled using low -flow purging and sampling
methods, begin purging at the rate known to induce minimal drawdown.
Frequently check the drawdown rate to verify that minimum drawdown is being
maintained. If results from the previous sampling event are not known, begin
purging the well at the minimum pumping rate of approximately 100 milliliters per
minute (mUmin) (EPA, July 1996). Slowly increase the pumping rate to a level
that does not cause the well to drawdown more than about 0.3 feet, if possible.
Never increase the pumping rate to a level in excess of 500 mUmin
(approximately 0. 13 gallon per minute [gpm]). Record the stabilized flow rate,
drawdown, and time on the field data sheets.
5) If the drawdown does not stabilize at 100 mUmin (0.026 gpm), continue pumping.
However, in general, do not draw down the water level more than approximately
25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth
(American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM], 2011). If the recharge rate
of the well is lower than the minimum pumping rate but the drawdown is less
than 25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth
after three volumes of well water are removed, then collect samples at this point
even though indicator field parameters have not stabilized (EPA, July 1996).
Commence sampling as soon as the water level has recovered sufficiently to
collect the required sample volumes. Otherwise, the Volume -Averaging Well
Purging method should be considered.Allow the pump to remain undisturbed in
the well during this recovery period to minimize the turbidity of the water samples.
Fully document the pump settings, pumping rate, drawdown, and field parameter
readings on the Well Sampling / MicroPurge (Low Flow) Log in the field logbook.
Note: For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down
excessively (more than 25% of the distance between the static water level and
pump intake depth) at the minimum pumping rate (100 mUmin or 0.026 gpm), or
require a higher pumping rate (greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain
purging, the procedures described above may not apply. For these "special case"
wells, the Field Team Leader shall seek guidance from the Project Manager about
the appropriate purging and sampling methodologies to be employed (such as
volume -averaged purging and sampling described in Section 3.3.2).
6) Once an acceptable flow rate has been established, begin monitoring designated
indicator field parameters. Indicator parameters are pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity. Although not considered purge stabilization
parameters, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be
recorded during purging. Base the frequency of the measurements on the time
required to completely evacuate one volume of the flow through the cell to ensure
that independent measurements are made. For example, a 500 -mL cell in a
system pumped at a rate of 100 mUmin is evacuated in five minutes; accordingly,
measurements are made and recorded on the field data form (Appendix C)
approximately five minutes apart.
Indicator parameters have stabilized when three consecutive readings, taken
at three to five-minute intervals, meet the following criteria (EPA, March
2013):

• pH
• Specific Conductance
• DO
• Turbidity
Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURES
± 0.1 standard unit
± 5% in pS/cm
± 0.2 mg/L or 10% saturation
less than 10 NTUs
The target for monitoring turbidity is readings less than ten nephelometric
turbidity units (NTUs). In some instances, turbidity levels may exceed the
desired turbidity level due to natural aquifer conditions (EPA, April 1996).
When these conditions are encountered, the following guidelines shall be
considered.
DM
MMY
• If turbidity readings are slightly above 10 NTU, but trending downward,
purging and monitoring shall continue.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and have stabilized to within
10% during three successive readings, attempt to contact the Project
Manager prior to collecting the groundwater sample.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and are not stable, well sampling
shall be based upon stabilization of more critical indicator parameters (such as
dissolved oxygen) without attainment of the targeted turbidity. Attempt to
contact the Project Manger if this condition is encountered prior to collecting
the groundwater sample.
• If after 5 well volumes or two hours of purging (whichever is achieved first),
critical indicator field parameters have not stabilized, discontinue purging and
collect samples. Fully document efforts used to stabilize the parameters
(such as modified pumping rates).
Note: While every effort should be taken to ensure that indicator parameters
stabilize, some indicator parameters are more critical with respect to certain
contaminant types. It is important to identify which indicator parameters are most
important to the project prior to commencement of field activities so that
unnecessarily protracted purge times can be avoided. For example, the critical
indicator parameter associated with metals is turbidity. While it is desirable to
sample wells when turbidity measurements are less than 5 NTU, Duke Energy
recognizes that these values may not be attainable. Duke Energy, and its sub -
consultants, have taken multiple steps (e.g., use of pre -packed screens, carefully
selected sand pack, etc.) to alleviate the potential for elevated turbidity in newly
installed wells. However, even with these conservative and targeted well
installation specifications, other naturally occurring conditions (e.g., iron
fluctuation) may prevent sampling of wells at turbidity values less than 5 NTU.
Following sample collection and laboratory data evaluation, Duke Energy may
review these data with respect to turbidity values to determine if additional well
development is needed or if well construction has affected groundwater
conditions. It may be necessary to redevelop wells from time to time to minimize

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.OPROCEDURES DUKE
ENERGY.
sample turbidity. Fine silt and clay can collect at the base of a well over time.
The effect on future sampling events can be reduced by lowering the tubing or
pump to the bottom of the well (after all the groundwater samples have been
collected) and pumping until the purge water from the bottom of the well screen
is clear.
Note: If purging of a well does not result in turbidity measurements of 10 NTU or
less, the field sampler shall alert the Project Manager. The sampling team will
assess options to reduce the turbidity as soon as possible.
There are a variety of water -quality meters available that measure the water
quality parameters identified above. A multi -parameter meter capable of
measuring each of the water quality parameters referenced previously (except for
turbidity) in one flow-through cell is required. Turbidity shall be measured using
a separate turbidity meter or prior to flow into the flow through cell using an
inline T -valve, if using one multi -meter during purging. The water quality meter
(and turbidity meter) shall be calibrated as per manufacturer's instructions.
Calibration procedures shall be documented in the project field logbook including
calibration solutions used, expiration date(s), lot numbers, and calibration results.
7

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.10PROCEDURES 4131 KERGY.
3.3.2 Volume -Averaging Well Purging
For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down excessively at the
minimum pumping rate (100 mUmin or 0.026 gpm), or require a higher pumping rate
(greater than 500 mUmin or 0.13 gpm) to maintain purging (i.e., low -flow well purging
and sampling is not appropriate), the volume -averaging well purging and sampling
method may be used. The Field Team Leader shall seek approval from the Project
Manager before utilizing the volume -averaging method instead of the low -flow method.
3.3.2.1 CALCULATE PURGE VOLUMES
Based on the depth -to -water (DTW) and total depth (TD) measurements, the volume
of standing water in the well must be calculated using the following procedures.
1) Subtract DTW from TD to calculate the length of the standing water column (L,)
in the well.
TD — DTW = LWC
2) Multiply the length of the standing water column by the volume calculation
(gallon per linear foot of depth) based on the inner casing diameter (see
example list below) to determine the total standing water volume; this represents
one well volume.
Vw = Lwc x 21rrz
1 -inch well =
0.041 gallon per linear foot
2 -inch well =
0.163 gallon per linear foot
4 -inch well =
0.653 gallon per linear foot
6 -inch well =
1.469 gallons per linear foot
8 -inch well =
2.611 gallons per linear foot
3) Multiply the well volume calculated in the previous step by three and five to obtain
the approximate respective total purge volume (the target purge volume is
between three and five standing well volumes). For wells with multiple casing
diameters (such as open bedrock holes), calculate the volume for each segment.
Take the sum of the values and multiply by three and five to determine the
minimum and maximum purge volumes, respectively.
4) Fully document the volume calculation in the field logbook or on the Groundwater
Sampling Field Sheets.

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURES t� Y
3.3.2.2 PURGE THE MONITORING WELL
Determine the appropriate pump to be used for purging—the preferred and most
commonly used methods involve the use of a surface centrifugal or peristaltic pump
whenever the head difference between the sampling location and the water level is less
than the limit of suction and the volume to be removed is reasonably small. Where the
water level is below the limit of suction or there is a large volume of water to be purged,
use the variable speed electric submersible pump as the pump of choice (EPA, 2013).
In some cases (shallow wells with small purge volumes), purging with a bladder pump
may be appropriate. Once the proper pump has been selected:
1) Set the pump immediately above the top of the well screen or approximately three
to five feet below the top of the water table (EPA, 2013).
2) Lower the pump if the water level drops during purging.
Note: Use new certified -clean disposable tubing for purging and sampling.
Note: Although volume -averaged sampling involves purging a specified volume of
water (such as three to five well volumes) rather than basing purge completion on
the stabilization of water quality indicator parameters, measuring and recording
water -quality indicator parameters during purging provides information that can be
used for assessment and remedial decision-making purposes. Indicator
parameters are pH, specific conductance, DO, and turbidity as described in
Section 3.3.1. Temperature and ORP will also be recorded during purging.
3) During well purging, monitor the discharge rate using a graduated cylinder or
other measuring device, water -quality indicator parameters (if desired), and DTW
as follows:
• Initially, within approximately three minutes of startup,
• Approximately after each well volume is purged, and then
• Before purge completion.
4) Record pump discharge rates (mL/ min or gpm) and pump settings in the field
logbook. Also, record any changes in the pump settings and the time at which
the changes were made.
5) Maintain low pumping rates to avoid overpumping or pumping the well to dryness,
if possible. If necessary, adjust pumping rates, pump set depth, or extend
pumping times to remove the desired volume of water.
6) Upon reaching the desired purge water volume, turn off the purge pump. Do not
allow the water contained in the pump tubing to drain back into the well when the
pump is turned off. Use an inline check valve or similar device, or if using a
peristaltic pump, remove the tubing from the well prior to turning off the pump. It is

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURESDUCE
ENERGY.
preferred to collect samples within two hours of purging, but acceptable for
collection up to 24 hours of purging. Do not collect samples after 24 hours of
purging.
Note: The removal of three to five well volumes may not be practical in wells
with slow recovery rates. If a well is pumped to near dryness at a rate less than
1.9 Umin (0.5 gpm), the well shall be allowed to completely recover prior to
sampling. If necessary, the two-hour limit may be exceeded to allow for sufficient
recovery, but samples should be collected within 24 hours of purge completion.
3.4 Sampling
3.4.1 Low -Flow Sampling
Following are the procedures for the collection of low -flow groundwater samples.
These procedures apply to sample collection for unfiltered and filtered samples
using a 0.45 micron filter. See Appendix A for use of 0.1 micron filtered samples.
1) Record the final pump settings in the field logbook prior to sample collection.
2) Measure and record the indicator parameter readings prior to sample collection
on both the stabilization form and in the field logbook.
3) Record comments pertinent to the appearance (color, floc, turbid) and obvious
odors (such as sulfur odor or petroleum hydrocarbons odor) associated with the
water.
4) Arrange and label necessary sample bottles and ensure that preservatives are
added, as required. Include a unique sample number, time and date of sampling,
the initials of the sampler, and the requested analysis on the label. Additionally,
provide information pertinent to the preservation materials or chemicals used in
the sample.
5) Collect samples directly from pump tubing prior to the flow-through cell or via the
in-line T -valve used for turbidity measurements (as described Section 3.3.1 (6)
above). Ensure that the sampling tubing remains filled during sampling and
attempt to prevent water from descending back into the well. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers, by allowing the liquid to run gently down the inside
of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water -quality parameters.
6) Seal each sample and place the sample on ice in a cooler to maintain sample
temperature preservation requirements.
10

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.0 PROCEDURES..DUKE
EI EKGY-
7) Note the sample identification and sample collection time in field logbook and on
Chain -of -Custody form.
8) Once sampling is complete, retrieve the sample pump and associated sampling
equipment and decontaminate in accordance with procedures outlined in the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A).
9) Close and secure the well. Clean up and remove debris left from the sampling
event. Be sure that investigation -derived wastes are properly containerized and
labeled, if applicable.
10) Review sampling records for completeness. Add additional notes as necessary.
3.4.2 Sampling after Volume -Averaging Purge
The procedures described below are for the collection of groundwater samples after a
volume -averaged purge has been conducted. Volume- averaging purge methods are
described in Section 3.3.2.
1) If sampling with a pump, care shall be taken to minimize purge water
descending back into the well through the pump tubing. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers by allowing the liquid to run gently down the
inside of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water -quality parameters.
2) If sampling with a bailer, slowly lower a clean, disposable bailer through the
fluid surface. Retrieve the bailer and fill the sample bottles as described
above. Care shall be taken to minimize disturbing the sample during
collection.
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping
Samples shall be marked, labeled, packaged, and shipped in accordance with the sections
outline below.
3.5.1 Handling
The samples will be stored in coolers for transport to the site. Collected samples will be
placed on ice in the sampling coolers for pickup or transport to the laboratory for
analysis.
3.5.2 Sample Labels
All sample containers will be new, laboratory cleaned and certified bottles. The bottles
will be properly labeled for identification and will include the following information:
• Project Site/ID
11

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.OPROCEDURES 1.DUKE
ENERGY
• Sample identifier (Well ID)
• Name or initials of sampler(s)
• Date and time of collection
• Analysis parameter(s)/method
• Preservative
3.5.3 Chain -of -Custody Record
Sample transport and handling will be strictly controlled to prevent sample
contamination. Chain -of -Custody control for all samples will consist of the following:
• Sample containers will be securely placed in coolers (iced) and will remain
under the supervision of project personnel until transfer of the samples to the
laboratory for analysis has occurred.
• Upon delivery to the laboratory, the laboratory director or his designee will sign
the Chain -of -Custody control forms and formally receive the samples. The
laboratory will ensure that proper refrigeration of the samples is maintained.
The Chain -of -Custody document contains information which may include:
• Client name
• Client project name
• Client contact
• Client address
• Client phone/fax number
• Sampler(s) name and signature
• Signature of person involved in the chain of possession
• Inclusive dates of possession
• Sample identification
• Sample number
• Date & time of collection
• Matrix
• Type of container and preservative
• Number of containers
• Sample type - grab or composite
• Analysis parameter(s)/ method
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in the laboratory
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples
Field quality control involves the routine collection and analysis of QC blanks to verify that
the sample collection and handling processes have not impaired the quality of the
samples.
12

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
3.OPROCEDURES ft� Y
Equipment Blank — The equipment blank is a sample of deionized water, which
is taken to the field and used as rinse water for sampling equipment. The
equipment blank is prepared like the actual samples and returned to the
laboratory for identical analysis. An equipment blank is used to determine if
certain field sampling or cleaning procedures result in cross -contamination of site
samples or if atmospheric contamination has occurred. One equipment blank
sample will be prepared per day or per 20 groundwater samples, whichever is
more frequent.
Field and laboratory QA/QC also involves the routine collection and analysis of
duplicate field samples. These samples are collected at a minimum rate of
approximately one per 20 groundwater samples per sample event. A field duplicate is a
replicate sample prepared at the sampling locations from equal portions of all sample
aliquots combined to make the sample. Both the field duplicate and the sample are
collected at the same time, in the same container type, preserved in the same way, and
analyzed by the same laboratory as a measure of sampling and analytical precision.
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation
Field logbooks shall be maintained by the Field Team Leader to record daily activities.
The field logbook may include the following information for each well:
• Well identification number
• Well depth
• Static water level depth
• Presence of immiscible layers (yes — no)
• Estimated well yield, if known
• Purge volume and purge pumping rate
• Time well purge began and ended
• Well evacuation procedure and equipment
• Field analysis data
• Climatic conditions including air temperature
• Field observations on sampling event
• Well location
• Name of collector(s)
• Date and time of sample collection
• Sampling procedure
• Sampling equipment
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers
• Preservative used
13

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
4.0 REFERENCES &DUKE
V" ENERGY
The Field Team Leader shall review the field logbook entries for completeness and
accuracy. The Field Team Leader is responsible for completion of the required data
collection forms. Example field logs are in Appendix C.
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management
Sampling equipment decontamination shall be performed in a manner consistent with
the Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A). Decontamination procedures
shall be documented in the field logbook. Investigation -derived wastes produced
during sampling or decontamination shall be managed in accordance with State and
Station -specific rules for disposal of wastes.
4.0 REFERENCES
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard Practice for Low -Flow
Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground -Water Quality
Investigations, D 6771-02. 2011.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW -846), Third
Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Update I, II, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IVA and
IVB.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and
Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Ground Water Issue,
"Low -Flow (Minimal Drawdown Sampling Procedures). Document Number EPA/540/S-
951504," April 1996.
U.S. EPA. Region 4, Groundwater Sampling Operating Procedure. Document Number
SESDPROC-301-R3, November 2013.
U.S. EPA. Region I, Low Stress (Low Flow) Purging and Sampling Procedure for the
Collection of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells, Revision 2, July 1996.
14

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Decontamination of Equipment SOPICS DUKE
ENERGY.
Decontamination of
Equipment SOP
15

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Purpose & ApplicationDIME
�,
BIMY
1.0 Purpose & Application
This procedure describes techniques meant to produce acceptable decontamination of
equipment used in field investigation and sampling activities. Variations from this SOP
should be approved by the Project Manager prior to implementation and a description of
the variance documented in the field logbook.
2.0 Equipment & Materials
• Decontamination water,
• Alconox detergent or equivalent non -phosphate detergent
• Test tube brush or equivalent
• 5 -gallon bucket(s)
• Aluminum foil
• Pump
3.0 Procedure
3.1 Decontamination of Non -Disposable Sampling Equipment
Decontamination of non -disposable sampling equipment used to collect samples for
chemical analyses will be conducted prior to each sampling as described below. Larger
items may be decontaminated at the decontamination pad. Smaller items may be
decontaminated over 5 -gallon buckets. Wastewater will be disposed in accordance with
applicable State and Station -specific requirements.
1. Alconox detergent or equivalent and water will be used to scrub the equipment.
2. Equipment will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
3. Equipment will be air dried on plastic sheeting.
4. After drying, exposed ends of equipment will be wrapped or covered with
aluminum foil for transport and handling.
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation
Field instrumentation (such as interface probes, water quality meters, etc.) will be
decontaminated between sample locations by rinsing with deionized or distilled water. If
visible contamination still exists on the equipment after the rinse, an Alconox (or
equivalent) detergent scrub will be added and the probe thoroughly rinsed again.
Decontamination of probes and meters will take place in a 5 -gallon bucket. The
decontamination water will be handled and disposed in accordance with applicable
State and Station -specific requirements.
16

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
3.0 Procedure 41 U GY
3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment
Non -disposable groundwater sampling equipment, including the pump, support cable
and electrical wires in contact with the sample will be thoroughly decontaminated as
described below:
1. As a pre -rinse, the pump will be operated in a deep basin containing 8 to 10
gallons of water. Other equipment will be flushed with water.
2. The pump will be washed by operating it in a deep basin containing phosphate -
free detergent solution, such as Alconox, and other equipment will be flushed
with a fresh detergent solution. Detergent will be used sparingly, as needed.
3. Afterwards, the pump will be rinsed by operating it in a deep basin of water and
other equipment will be flushed with water.
4. The pump will then be disassembled and washed in a deep basin containing
non -phosphate detergent solution. All pump parts will be scrubbed with a test
tube brush or equivalent.
5. Pump parts will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
6. For a bladder pump, the disposable bladder will be replaced with a new one for
each well and the pump reassembled.
7. The decontamination water will be disposed of properly.
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities
All wastewater and PPE generated from decontamination activities will be handled and
disposed in accordance with applicable State and Station -specific requirements.
17

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Sampling Equipment Check List—Tablet 4(DUKE
t' ENERGY
Q
Sampling Equipment
Check List — Table 1

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Sampling Equipment Check List—Table 1DUKE
' ENERGY
Table 1: Suggested Groundwater Sampling Equipment & Material Checklist
Item Description
Check
Health & Safety
Nitrile gloves
Hard hat
Steel -toed boots
Hearing protection
Field first-aid kit
Fire Extinguisher
Eyewash
Safety glasses
Respirator and cartridges (if necessary)
SaranexTM/Tyvek® suits and booties (if necessary)
Paperwork
Health and Safety Plan
Project work control documents
Well construction data, location map, field data from previous sampling events
Chain -of -custody forms and custody seals
Field logbook
Measuring Equipment
Flow measurement supplies (for example, graduated cylinder and stop watch)
Electronic water -level indicator capable of detecting non -aqueous phase liquid
Sampling Equipment
GPS device
Monitoring well keys
Tools for well access (for example, socket set, wrench, screw driver, T -wrench)
Laboratory -supplied certified -clean bottles, preserved by laboratory (if necessary)
Appropriate trip blanks and high-quality blank water
Sample filtration device and filters
Submersible pump, peristaltic pump, or other appropriate pump
Appropriate sample and air line tubing (Silastic®, Teflon®, Tygone, or equivalent)
Stainless steel clamps to attach sample lines to pump
Pump controller and power supply
Oil -less air compressor, air line leads, and end fittings (if using bladder pump)
In-line groundwater parameter monitoring device (for example, YSI-556 Multi -
Parameter or Horiba U-52 water quality meter)
Turbidity meter
Bailer
Calibration standards for monitoring devices
19

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets 4/ DUKE
!"EWMY
Field Logbook/Data
Sheets
20

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets /. DUKE
`t" ENERGY
Groundwater Potentiometric Level Measurement Log
DUKE
�' ENERGY
Depth to
WellNumber Time Water
(ft)'
Depth to
Bottom
(g).
Water
Column
Thickness
ft
Reference
Point
ElevaCion
f MSL
Potentiometric
Elevation(ft, Remarks
MSL)
Field Personnel:
Checked By:
* - Measurements me referenced from the top of the PVC inner casing (TOC) for each respective monitoring well. TOCs
shall be surveyed by a Professional Land surveyor and referenced to NAVD88.
21

Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets .4.EGY
Well Sampling / MicroPurge LogDUKE
jtn ENERGY
Project Name: Sheet: of
Well Number: Date:
Well Diameter:
Top of Casing Elevation (ft, MSL): Pump Intake Depth (ft):
Total Well Depth (ft): Recharge Rate (sec):
Initial Depth to Water (ft): Discharge Rate (sec):
Water Column Thickness (ft): Controller Settings:
Water Column Elevation (ft, MSL): Purging Time Initiated:
I Well Volume (gal): Purging Time Completed:
3 \Fell Volumes (-at):
SOI"'ue Fl,),, Rate Depth to
Time Purged (mL/min) Water(ft)
(gallons)
Temperature
(°C)
Total Gallons Purged:
GIN
pit Specific Dissolved ORP Turbidity
(s. u.) Conductance Oxygen (mV) I,3.� Comments
(MS/CM) (mg/L)
Sulbilimfioa j Mi. I Well
Criteria Volume
+PC
:L 10 .smva.�a
+0.1 +3% +10% L1 xa.s wru
Sample
Number
Collection
Time
Parameter Container Preservative
22

Name:
Duke Energy I Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets ./ DIME
Y' ENERGY
DAILY FIELD REPORT [ofailill DUKE
' ENERGY
Personnel:
L Labor I Hours I Equipment I Materials I
Observations:
23

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