20180312 Ver 1_401 Application_20180318

December 7, 2017
� 20 1 80 3 1 2
Ms. Karen Higgins
NC DENR Division of Water Quality
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Providing Sound Environmental Solutions
RE: Cane Creek Stream Restoration Project
Nationwide 27/ GC 3885 Application
Bakersville, NC (Watauga County)
Ms. Higgins,
5902 Highway 421 South
Mountain City, TN 37683
ph/fax: [phone]
[e-mail]
Enclosed find 4 copies of the referenced project permit/PCN application. Also enclosed
please find a $570.00 check specific to the major water quality certification permit
application fee.
If you have any questions give me a call at 423.727.4476.
Sincerely,
z�7-�7
Seth Ratliff

OBOE W A TF9OG
I I > -
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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre -Construction Notification PCN Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing
1a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit E] Section 10 Permit
1b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 27 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps?
❑ Yes ® No
1 d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑ 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
❑ Yes ® No
For the record only for Corps Permit:
❑ Yes ® No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in -lieu
fee program.
❑ Yes ® No
1 g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below.
❑ Yes ® No
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
❑ Yes ® No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project:
Cane Creek Stream Restoration
2b. County:
Mitchell
2c. Nearest municipality / town:
Bakersville
2d. Subdivision name:
N/A
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no:
N/A
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed:
1. McKinney Robert L.; 2. Clarissa Community Center; 3. Diller Russel J. & Catherine
S.; 4. Smith, Gertrude G.; 5. Diller, Russell J. & Kathryn S
3b. Deed Book and Page No.
1. Book 423 Page 229; 2. Book 133 Page 522; 3. Book 351 Page 807; 4. Book 254
Page 571; 5. Book 377 Page 252
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
3d. Street address:
Off of SR 1211
3e. City, state, zip:
Bakersville, NC 28705
3f. Telephone no.:
3g. Fax no.:
3h. Email address:
Page 1 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is:
❑ Agent ® Other, specify: See Memorandum of Understanding and Agent
Authorizations - attached.
4b. Name:
Resource Institute, Inc.
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
c/o:
4d. Street address:
2714 Henning Drive
4e. City, state, zip:
Winston Salem, NC 27106
4f. Telephone no.:
336-750-0522
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name:
Adam Williams
5b. Business name
(if applicable):
Brushy Fork Environmental Consulting, Inc
5c. Street address:
5902 Highway 421 S
5d. City, state, zip:
Mountain City, TN 37683
5e. Telephone no.:
423-727-4476
5f. Fax no.:
5g. Email address:
[e-mail]
Page 2 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID):
0873-00-39-7236; 0873-00-49-5501; 0873-00-38-7503;
0873-00-38-3261; 0873-00-38-6125
Latitude: 36.015991 Longitude: -
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
82.131435
(DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size:
36.17 cumulative acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
Cane Creek
proposed project:
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:
C;Tr
2c. River basin:
Nolichucky (HUC 06010108)
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
The properties are located approximately 1.5 miles east of the town of Bakersville, NC in central Mitchell County along
SR1211. Dominant landuses in the general vicinity of the Subject Property include residential (suburban) and agricultural
(crop/pasture). The sub -watershed draining to the project site includes farms and residential developments. The project
site occurs approximately 3.4 miles upstream of Cane Creek's confluence with the North Toe River. The proposed Cane
Creek Restoration Project Site is located along the riparian corridor of Cane Creek (river left & right), which traverses
mulitple properties from north to south (approx). The Subject Properties contain houses and crop land. Streambanks at
the project site are highly eroded and vertical in areas. Streambank vegetation is generally grassy with herbs and some
medium trees. The topography at the site is gently sloping in the project area with elevations ranging from -2,525 - 2,585
ft. above mean sea level, becoming steeper to the northwest away from the project site exending up to 2,695 ft. above
mean sea level.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
-2,583 In ft of Cane Creek on Subject Properties
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
The goal of this project is to enhance and restore -2,583 In ft of Cane Creek. Streambank sloping and benching will
occur throughout the reach to restore floodplain connectivity and decrease erosive incisement of the channel. Riffle -pool
sequencing, natural channel structures, and a forested riparian buffer will also be restored along the reach.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
The restoration work proposed at the site will implement Natural channel design measures including streambank sloping
and creation of a stable bankfull bench, j -hook, cross vane, root wad structures, and riparian corridor planting.
Streambank sloping/benching, construction of j -hook structure, and reforestation of the buffer will occur along river left
and right on all properties with the exception of the Clarissa property where (river left only). Equipment likely to be used
for this proposed construction include track -hoes, skidsteers, and dump trucks for hauling equipment, building materials,
and fill material.
Page 3 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
❑ Yes ® No ❑ Unknown
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
of determination was made?
❑ Preliminary ❑ Final
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Name (if known):
Agency/Consultant Company:
Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
❑ Yes ® No ❑ Unknown
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?
❑ Yes ® No
6b. If yes, explain.
Page 4 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
❑ Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ❑ Buffers
❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
2b.
2c.
2d.
2e.
2f.
Wetland impact
Type of jurisdiction
number —
Type of impact
Type of wetland
Forested
(Corps - 404, 10
Area of impact
Permanent (P) or
(if known)
DWQ — non -404, other)
(acres)
Temporary T
W1 ❑P❑T
El Yes
[I Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W2 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W3 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W5 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
0 impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.
3b.
3c.
3d.
3e.
3f.
3g.
Stream impact
Type of impact
Stream name
Perennial
Type of jurisdiction
Average
Impact
number -
(PER) or
(Corps - 404, 10
stream
length
Permanent (P) or
intermittent
DWQ — non -404,
width
(linear
Temporary (T)
(INT)?
other)
(feet)
feet)
S1 ®P ❑ T
Stream
Restoration
Cane Creek
® PER
❑ INT
® Corps
® DWQ
—30
(bkfull)
—2,583
S2 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S3 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S5 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
—2,583
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
linear feet
of impacts
3i. Comments:
Page 5of12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a.
4b.
4c.
4d.
4e.
Open water
Name of waterbody
impact number —
(if applicable)
Type of impact
Waterbody type
Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P) or
Tem ora T
01 ❑P❑T
02 ❑P❑T
03 ❑P❑T
04 ❑P❑T
4E Total open water impacts
0 impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If pond or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a.
5b.
5c.
5d.
5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres)
Stream Impacts (feet)
Upland
Pond ID
Proposed use or purpose
(acres)
number
of pond
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
0 impacts
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
❑ Yes ❑ No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
❑ Neuse El Tar -Pamlico ❑Other:
Project is in which protected basin?
❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman
6b.
6c.
6d.
6e.
6f.
6g.
Buffer impact
number —
Reason
Buffer
Zone 1 impact
Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P) or
for
Stream name
mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
Temporary T
impact
required?
B1 ❑P❑T
El Yes
❑ No
B2 ❑PFIT
El Yes
❑ No
B3 ❑P❑T
EI Yes
❑ No
6h. Total buffer impacts
0 impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 6 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
la. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
The proposed work and associated impacts are intended to restore instream structure and floodplain connectivity at Cane
Creek along the stream reach while minimizing impacts to aquatic resources. Design measures which minimize impacts
include j -hook, toe wood, and cross -vane structures intended to enhance stream diversity and decrease site sedimentation.
All streambanks will then be planted with appropriate native species (see re-veg detail).
All disturbed buffer areas will be immediately seeded upon completion (temporary - annual ryegrass), matted (coconut/coir
matting), and stabilized at the close of each construction day. Following construction, the banks of the restored channel will be
seeded with a native floodplain mix (permanent seed). Live stakes and matting staples will be used to secure the coconut
matting in these high -stress areas. The forested riparian buffer will be planted with a variety of native 1 -gallon trees following
construction.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
All heavy equipment will be kept out of the stream channel during project construction except where absolutely necessary to
install in -stream structures. Any entering of the channel or immediate riparian area will be done with new equipment, no
hydraulic leaks tolerated. Disturbance of channel bottom, banks and equipment access areas shall be held to the minimum
necessary to allow for bank stablization sufficient to restore the hydraulic capacity of the stream channel. Streamflow will be
pumped around during in -stream construction activities.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
❑ Yes ® No
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply):
❑ DWQ ❑ Corps
❑ Mitigation bank
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
❑ Payment to in -lieu fee program
project?
❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank: N/A
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter)
Type
Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In -lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in -lieu fee program is attached.
❑ Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested:
linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature:
❑ warm ❑ cool ❑cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only):
square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4f. Non -riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
N/A
Page 7of12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation?
❑ Yes ® No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.
Zone
6c.
Reason for impact
6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier
6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1
3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2
1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
0 impacts
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in -lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 8 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified
❑ Yes ® No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
Comments: The proposed project is not adjacent to a protected riparian buffer as
identified within the NC Riparian Buffer Protections Rules. The proposed project
❑ Yes ® No
occurs within the French Broad River Basin, which is not listed in the NCDENR
Riparian Buffer Rules. Therefore, a diffuse flow plan is not included in this
application.
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project?
0%
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan?
❑ Yes ® No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why: This project will not result in any increase
of imperivous surface at the project site.
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
❑ Certified Local Government
2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan?
❑ DWQ Stormwater Program
❑ DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project?
Mitchell County
❑ Phase 11
3b. Which of the following locally -implemented stormwater management programs
❑ NSW
❑ USMP
apply (check all that apply):
❑ Water Supply Watershed
❑ Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ Yes ❑ No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
❑ Coastal counties
❑ HQW
4a. Which of the following state -implemented stormwater management programs apply
❑ ORW
(check all that apply):
❑ Session Law 2006-246
❑ Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached?
❑ Yes ❑ No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements?
❑ Yes ❑ No
Page 9 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met?
❑ Yes ❑ No
F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the
❑ Yes ® No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State
❑ Yes ❑ No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c. If you answered 'yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
❑ Yes ❑ No
letter.)
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards,
❑ Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after -the -fact permit application?
❑ Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
❑ Yes ® No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered `yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
We do not anticipate the proposed stream restoration will result in additional development nearby which could impact
nearby downstream water quality. Proposed measures will reduce sediment export from the Subject Property to
downstream waters.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non -discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
Page 10 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
® Yes ❑ No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
® Yes ❑ No
impacts?
E) Raleigh
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
® Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
USFWS - Conducted a review of the project and found that suitable roosting habitat may be present on site for the
federally threatened northern long-eared bat. However, the project location is exempt under the 4(d) rule. USFWS also
found that project is located approximately five river miles upstream from the North Toe River which is designated critical
habitat for the endangered Appalachian elktoe mussel (Alasmidonta raveneliana). If the project follows design and
construction recommendations by the USFWS, the proposed project is not likely to adversely affect this species or result
in adverse modification of its critical habitat. The USFWS found no other federally protected species in the project area.
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat?
❑ Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
NOAA -- Office of Habitat Protection Division
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
❑ Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
NC Historic Preservation Office - Determined that the project as proposed will not have any effect on any historic
structures. Recommends that a comprehensive survey be be conducted by an experienced archaeologist to identify and
evaluate the significance of archaeological remains that may be damanged or destroyed by the proposed project. An
experienced archaeologist will be contacted to conduct the recommended survey and contact the staff archaeologist at
NCDCR prior to the initiation of fieldwork.
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA -designated 100 -year floodplain?
® Yes ❑ No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: This proposed project is located in the Floodway of Cane Creek.
The proposed project is anticipated to cause no increase in flood elevation. A No -Rise Certification will be submitted by
BFEC, Inc. to the Mitchell County floodplain administrator.
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program, Panel
0873 (effective date 02/04/2009), CID No. 370161. Site is highlighted on the DFRIM Panel attached to this permit
application.
02/27/2017
Page 11 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

i
Adam Williams Date
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name Applicant/Agent's Signature Z 115-11
(Agent's signature is valid only U an authorization letter from the applicant
Isprovided.)
Page 12 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

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(BURNSVILLE) SCALE 1:24000
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Topography based on USGS 1:24.000 0 1000
Maps
YARDS
World Geodetic System 1984 Datum 0 1
(WGS84)
UNKNOWN Projection KILOMETER
To place on the predicted North American GN 0.66° W CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET
1927 move the ordection lines 13M N and MN 6.49° W NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM 1929
(CARVERS GAP)
035'50'34 14"N
057 06.39 30'VV
(SPRUCE PINE)
BAKERSVILLE, NC
1960

WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA STREAM INITIATIVE
CANE CREEK
MCKINNEY STREAM STABILIZATION
r_MIIC Al IJnTcc•
1. STREAM ASSESSMENT DATA (LONGITUDINAL PROFILE,
CROSS-SECTIONS, ETC.) PRESENTED HEREIN COLLECTED BY
BFEC/BFED.
2. CONTOUR DATA PRESENTED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS TAKEN FROM
NCDOT LIDAR DATA (2' and 10' CONTOURS).
SHEET INDEX
COVER 1
OVERALL SITE PLAN 2
SITE PLAN 1 STA 0+00 TO 14+00 3
SITE PLAN 2 STA 14+00 TO 25+83, LONG PROFILE, 4
TYPICAL SECTION
CROSS-SECTIONS 1-4 5
CROSS-SECTIONS 5-8 6
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS (Reveg., Bedform, Sloping) 7
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS (Toewood, Rock Cross -Vane) 8
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS (J -Hooks) 9
Approximate
Quantitites
Item _
Quantity Unit j
Live Stake
23300 SF
Planting: Container Tree & Shrub
26500 SF
J -Hook (Arm Length 45)
11 EA
Cross Vane (Arm Length 45')
5 EA
Bank Sloping and Stabilization
3900 LF
Toe Wood
210 LF
Grading (cut volume, unadjusted) 3229 CY
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL NOTES:
1. ONCE SITE CONSTRUCTION WITHIN AN AREA HAS CEASED ALL
DISTURBED AREAS WILL BE IMMEDIATELY SEEDED (TEMPORARY &
PERMANENT SEED), MATTED (COIR AND COCONUT FIBER EROSION
CONTROL BLANKET, NAG C70013N), AND STABILIZED (SEE SHEET 7).
2. LIVE STAKES AND BIODEGRADABLE MATTING STAKES WILL BE USED
TO SECURE THE MATTING.
3. BROADCAST SEEDING RATES WILL BE AS SPECIFIED ON SHEET 7.
4. NATIVE SHRUB AND TREE SPECIES WILL BE PLANTED THROUGHOUT
THE PROJECT AREA AT A RATE OF 400+ STEMS/ACRE, SECURING
NEAR BANK AREAS AND PROVIDING FUTURE SHADING OF CHANNEL
(SEE CHANNEL REVEGETATION DETAIL SHEET 7).
5. PRECAUTIONS WILL BE TAKEN TO KEEP HEAVY EQUIPMENT OUT OF
THE STREAM CHANNEL EXCEPT WHERE ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO
INSTALL BANK STABILIZATION/ENHANCEMENT MEASURES.
4 cNa�,
Sao
Sbl� „ron aY 19> n P9 Project Location
N
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Proiect Location Map
NTS
THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, JUDGMENT.
AND BELIEF THESE PLANS MEET APPLICABLE
ITO
NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND STATE
REGULATIONS.
wi0e N RCS IINNSOURCE
TITUTE
I
All
Sheet
119

0073 -OD -35-8
5
rANELIEF THESE D BPLANS MEET APPLICABLE I
RCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND STATE
AND 7Ht LOCATIONS Or EX'' TING GNDEkckUUNU UltLIIIL�1, C111, LIIL. AS
,OWN ARE IN AN APPROXIMATE WAY ONLY AND HAVE NOT BEEN INDFPENDENTLY VERIFIED BY 1
E OWNER OR THE ENGINEERIARCHITECT. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL DETERMINE THE EXACT
CATION OF ALL EXISTING UTILITIES, LINES, PIPES, ETC. BEFORE COMMENCING WORK, AND
;TEES TO BE FULLY RESPGNSiBLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES WHICH MIGHT RESULT FROM THE
)NTRACTOR'S FAILURE TO EXACTLY LOCATE AND PRESERVE ANY AND ALL UAIDERGROUND
ItUTIES, PIPES AND VALVES. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTIFY THE ENGINEER/ARCHITECT OF
ANY CONFLICTS WITH EXI.STIN� AND PROPOSED FACILITIES TO DETERMINE IF AN ITEM WILL
NEED TO BE RELOCATED.
-WHETHER
- ANY HAZARDOUSR
4 NGINE R AR ': 7T 'T HAS MADE. NO EXAMINATION TO DE7F_RMIN � O
_ E t / CH EG S E
XIC MATERIALS ARE PRESENT OR CONTAINED IN, UNDER, OR ON THE SUBJECT PROPERTY OR ITS
TERS, OR IF ANY HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC MATERIALS HAVE CONTAMINATED THIS OR OTHER
:OPERTIES OR ITS WATERS IN ANY WAY WHATSOEVER, NO SUB SURFACE EXAMINATION OF ANY TYPE
'S BEEN MADE BY THE ENGINEER/ARCHITECT, AND ACCORDINGLY NO OPINION IS EXPRESSED OR
FERRED ON ALL SUCH MATTERS. FURTHER, NO OPINION 15 .RENDERED AS TO ANY VIOLATION OF
iY ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS OR REGULATIONS, EITHER FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL RELATED TO THE
YORMATION SHOWN ON THIS PLAN AND THE ENGINEER/ARCHITECT IS IN NO .WAY LIABLE FOR ANY
..,-LLAT ION OF SUCH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS SHOULD SUCH F.Y!ST
Ns
r'rrurt
RC 5 f
BANKFULL
DITCH
-�� 2CONTOUR
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LEGEND
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STHALWEG
TREAM
0073 -OD -35-8
5
rANELIEF THESE D BPLANS MEET APPLICABLE I
RCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND STATE
AND 7Ht LOCATIONS Or EX'' TING GNDEkckUUNU UltLIIIL�1, C111, LIIL. AS
,OWN ARE IN AN APPROXIMATE WAY ONLY AND HAVE NOT BEEN INDFPENDENTLY VERIFIED BY 1
E OWNER OR THE ENGINEERIARCHITECT. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL DETERMINE THE EXACT
CATION OF ALL EXISTING UTILITIES, LINES, PIPES, ETC. BEFORE COMMENCING WORK, AND
;TEES TO BE FULLY RESPGNSiBLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES WHICH MIGHT RESULT FROM THE
)NTRACTOR'S FAILURE TO EXACTLY LOCATE AND PRESERVE ANY AND ALL UAIDERGROUND
ItUTIES, PIPES AND VALVES. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTIFY THE ENGINEER/ARCHITECT OF
ANY CONFLICTS WITH EXI.STIN� AND PROPOSED FACILITIES TO DETERMINE IF AN ITEM WILL
NEED TO BE RELOCATED.
-WHETHER
- ANY HAZARDOUSR
4 NGINE R AR ': 7T 'T HAS MADE. NO EXAMINATION TO DE7F_RMIN � O
_ E t / CH EG S E
XIC MATERIALS ARE PRESENT OR CONTAINED IN, UNDER, OR ON THE SUBJECT PROPERTY OR ITS
TERS, OR IF ANY HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC MATERIALS HAVE CONTAMINATED THIS OR OTHER
:OPERTIES OR ITS WATERS IN ANY WAY WHATSOEVER, NO SUB SURFACE EXAMINATION OF ANY TYPE
'S BEEN MADE BY THE ENGINEER/ARCHITECT, AND ACCORDINGLY NO OPINION IS EXPRESSED OR
FERRED ON ALL SUCH MATTERS. FURTHER, NO OPINION 15 .RENDERED AS TO ANY VIOLATION OF
iY ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS OR REGULATIONS, EITHER FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL RELATED TO THE
YORMATION SHOWN ON THIS PLAN AND THE ENGINEER/ARCHITECT IS IN NO .WAY LIABLE FOR ANY
..,-LLAT ION OF SUCH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS SHOULD SUCH F.Y!ST
Ns
r'rrurt
RC 5 f
BANKFULL
DITCH
-�� 2CONTOUR
10' CONTOUR
BRIDGE
--�
EXISTING STRUCTURE
ROAD
r ^., SLOPING, PLANTING,
p INVASIVE REMOVAL
d
PROPERTY LINE
Tnt%Ili lilt 11 V
\ OS7S-00-JY-72Je
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2/9

Robert McKinney
0873-00-39-7236
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0873-00-49-2429'ti1
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TO THE BEST OF MV KNOWLEDGE. JUDGMENT,--�
/✓/f J/ - AND BELIEF T.E. PLANS MEET APPLICABLE
NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND STATE
p 1 � ' REGULATIONS, jq#
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Clarisso Community Center
0873-00-49-5501
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Sheet
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Keith do Kathy Woody
0873-00-37-8864
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LEGEND z' CONTOUR
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CROSS VANE BRIDGE
\ a— TOE WOOD EXISTING STRUCTURE
STREAM THALWEG ® ROAD
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DITCH E::] PROPERTY LINE
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TYPICAL SECTION Station
1:1 (Hort: Vert)
Russell & Catherine Diller 0873-00-38-6125
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Jennifer & regory Garland
0873-00-38-8143
�S
a
ITO THE BEST OF MV KNOWLEDGE, JUDGMENT.
AND BELIEF THESE PLANS MEET APPLICABLE
NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND STATE
REGULATIONS.
AAA ( `A q0�.,
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M `°
21
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25
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D1.
M
XS -1 at Station 3+30
IIII�K� �J `b �J •% %J
Station
XS -3
Existing Proposed
at
Station
8+94
C4/1
N/A
2. Bankfull Area - Sq Ft
Station
Legend
Existing
conditions
Proposed
conditions
RESOURCE
INSTITUTE
1 Y 1 \� SS ET APPLICABLE
NRCS S T NDARDS ANE JUDGMENT
AND BELIEF THESE LD LOCALKNOWLELAA'ND STATE 410� ,
M
�J
XS -2 at Station 6+74
Station
XS -4 at Station 12+61
Drainage Area-Acres/Sq Miles:
9920/15.5
Existing Proposed
Proposed Ranges
1. Stream Type
C4/1
C4/1
N/A
2. Bankfull Area - Sq Ft
55.2
56.9
42/69.7
3. Bankfull Width - Ft
29.6
30.8
22.5/36.7
4. Avg Bankfull Depth - Ft
1.9
1.9
1.7/2.3
5. Maximum depth - Ft
3
3
2.4/4.4
6. Width/Depth Ratio -Range
16
16.8
12.1/21.2
7. Floodprone With - Ft
62.5
65.7
37.8/83.9
8. Entrenchment Ratio
2.1
2.1
1.4/2.7
9. Bank Height Ratio
1.7
1
1/1
30. Sinuosity
1.2
1.2
N/A
11. Avg Water Surface Slope - Ft/Ft
0.0094
0.0094
WA
12. Riffle Slope -Ft/Ft
0.012
0.012
0.005/0.02
13. Riffle length (Range) - Ft
259.6
259.6
63/501
14. Max depth pool - Ft
398
398
3.53/4.52
15. Pool to Pool Spacing (Range) - Ft
388.3
388.3
223.1/157.8
16. Pool Length (Range) - Ft
130.8
130.8
88.9/157.8
17. Inner Berm Area -Sq Ft
N/A
N/A
N/A
18. Inner Berm Width - Ft
N/A
N/A
N/A
19. Avg Inner Berm Depth - Ft
N/A
N/A
N/A
20. Inner Berm maximum depth -Ft
N/A
N/A
N/A
Station

non
PLAr.,..... .....,.. ...__ .... ....._
COMPLIANCE AND PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS.
TYPICAL CHANNEL RE -VEGETATION PLAN VIEW DETAIL
12"(30cm)
/�(lOcm)
1 +�
l 1 ccnUl C (l5cm) 4^(IOC=) —
(ism)
B (.
CRITICAL POINTS
A Overlaps
Seams
B. Projected
Line
C. Channel
Bottom/Side
Vertic
B (' - -
0
W
NATIVE SOD MATTING AND/OR EROSION CONTROL FABRIC
NATIVE TREE AND SHRUB (1-3
(NAG C70OBN) ARE TO BE PLACED ON NEAR BANK AND
GALLON CONTAINERS) SPECIES
DISTURBED AREAS WHEN AVAILABLE.
TO BE PLANTED AT A DENSITY
Q
1. SEED IMMEDIATELY WITH TEMPORARY E
SUFFICIENT PROVIDE 300
A N
RCS'
2. FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION, AREA TO BE SEEDED WITH A
B SEEDED
A
TREES/ACRE AT MATURITY
�2
PERMANENT GRASS/HERB MIXTURE. MATTING AND FABRIC
-FLOODPLAIN SPECIES INCLUDE
;q
ARE TO BE STAKED DOWN WITH LARGE STAPLES AND/OR
NATIVE/WOODY STAKES.
BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
Acer rubrum, Amelanchier
_
Q
`n
O m
arbores, Betula nigra, Ilex
NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND !ITATE
REGULATIONS �Irll,t
3. LIVESTAKE SPECIES INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
spp., luglands nigra,
' j
Comus amomum, Physocarpus opulifolius, Salix serecia,
Orlodendron tulipifera, Ma Ns
Sambucus canadensls.
coronaria, Physocarpus
opulifolius, quercus rubra, etc.
TYPICAL CHANNEL RE -VEGETATION PLAN VIEW DETAIL
12"(30cm)
/�(lOcm)
1 +�
l 1 ccnUl C (l5cm) 4^(IOC=) —
(ism)
B (.
CRITICAL POINTS
A Overlaps
Seams
B. Projected
Line
C. Channel
Bottom/Side
Vertic
B (' - -
0
W
5tabon
NOTE:
1. ALL DISTURBED AREAS ARE TO BE IMMEDIATELY SOWED WITH A
TEMPORARY GRASS MIXTURE.
2. FOLLOWING SITE CONSTRUCTION A NATIVE/PERMANENT GRASS
MIXTURE WILL BE APPLIED WHEN AVAILABLE.
TYPICAL CHANNEL RE -VEGETATION
CROSS-SECTION DETAIL
NOTE:
'IN LOOSE SOIL
CONDITIONS, THE USE OF
STAPLE OR STAKE
LENGTHS GREATER THAN
6" (15 CM) MAY BE
NECESSARY TO PROPERLY
SECURE THE BLANKETS.
SLOPE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS: C-70OBN
1. PREPARE SOIL BEFORE INSTALLING BLANKETS, INCLUDING ANY NECESSARY APPLICATION OF LIME, FERTILIZER, AND SEED.
2. BEGIN AT THE TOP OF THE SLOPE BY ANCHORING THE BLANKET IN A 6" (15 CM) DEEP X 6" (15 CM) NIDE TRENCH WITH APPROXIMATELY 12" (30CM)
OF BLANKET EXTENDED BEYOND THE UP–SLOPE PORTION OF THE TRENCH. ANCHOR THE BLANKET WITH A ROW OF STAPLES/STAKES APPROXIMATELY
12" (30 CM) APART IN THE BOTTOM OF THE TRENCH. BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE TRENCH AFTER STAPLING. APPLY SEED TO COMPACTED SOIL AND
FOLD REMAINING 12" (30 CM) PORTION OF BLANKET BACK OVER SEED AND COMPACTED SOIL. SECURE BLANKET OVER COMPACTED SOIL WITH A ROW
OF STAPLES/STAKES SPACED APPROXIMATELY 12" (30 CM) APART ACROSS THE WIDTH OF THE BLANKET.
3. ROLL THE BLANKETS IN DIRECTION OF WATER FLOW. BLANKETS WILL UNROLL WITH APPROPRIATE SIDE AGAINST THE SOIL SURFACE. ALL BLANKETS
MUST BE SECURELY FASTENED TO SOIL SURFACE BY PLACING STAPLES/STAKES IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS AS SHOWN IN THE STAPLE PATTERN GUIDE,
WHEN USING THE DOT SYSTEM, STAPLES/STAKES SHOULD BE PLACED THROUGH EACH OF THE COLORED DOTS CORRESPONDING TO THE APPROPRIATE
STAPLE PATTERN.
4. THE EDGES OF PARALLEL BLANKETS MUST BE STAPLED WITH APPROXIMATELY 2" – 5" (5 CM – 12.5 CM) OVERLAP DEPENDING ON BLANKET TYPE. 5.
CONSECUTIVE BLANKETS SPLICED DOWN THE SLOPE MUST BE PLACED END OVER END (SHINGLE STYLE) WITH AN APPROXIMATE 3" (7.5 CM) OVERLAP.
STAPLE THROUGH OVERLAPPED AREA, APPROXIMATELY 12" (30 CM) APART ACROSS ENTIRE BLANKET WIDTH.
5. PLACE CONSECUTIVE BLANKETS END–OVER–END (SHINGLE STYLE) WITH A 4"-6" OVERLAP. USE A DOUBLE ROW OF STAPLES STAGGERED 4" APART AND
4" ON CENTER TO SECURE BLANKETS .
6 FULL LENGTH EDGE OF BLANKETS AT TOP OF SIDE SLOPES MUST BE ANCHORED WITH A ROW OF STAPLES/STAKES APPROXIMATELY 12"(30CM)
APART IN A 6"(15CM) DEEP X 6"(15CM) WIDE TRENCH. BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE TRENCH AFTER STAPLING.
7. ADJACENT BLANKETS MUST BE OVERLAPPED APPROXIMATELY 2"-5" (5-12.5CM) (DEPENDING ON BLANKETS TYPE) AND STAPLED.
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE:
This consists primarily of two components, stream stabilization
structures (J -Hooks, Cross vanes, etc.) and planting of the stream
banks and riparian areas. In the event that the stream structures
shift, wash away, settle, or otherwise physically cannot function as
designed, contact the area NRCS Agent. If the new plantings
experience a mortality rate of greater than 25%, the dead/dying
plants will need to be replaced.
PERMANENT SEED MIX:
APPLY AT 15 LBS PER ACRE OF DISTURBANCE (per specifications of
seed supplier):
ERNST CONSERVATION SEED MIX ERNMX-178 (FLOODPLAIN MIX)
WHICH INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIES:
Fox Sedge, Partridge Pea, Dear Tongue, Little Bluestem, Virginia Wild
Rye, Riverbank Wild Rye, Swamp Sunflower, Ox Eye Sunflower, Arrow
Wood, Big Bluestem, Silky Dogwood, Switchgrass, Indiangrass,
Staghorn Sumac, Showy Tick Trefoil, Purple Bergamot, Black Eyed
Susan, Joe Pye Weed , Soft Rush, Giant Ironweed, Tall White Beard
Tongue, Spotted Joe Pye Weed, Bone Set, and Blue False Indigo.
TEMPORARY SEED MIX AND SPECIFICATIONS:
Common Name Scientific Name Rate per Acre Optimal Planting Dates
Rye grain Secale cereale 30 lbs Aug 15 - May 15
Browntop millet Urochloa ramosa 10 lbs May 15 - Aug 15
Seedbed Preparation:
Disturbed soils within riparian areas will be amended to provide an optimum
environment for seed germination and seedling growth. Surface soils will be loose
enough for water infiltration and root penetration. Lime will be added to the soil to
ensure a pH level between 5.5 - 7. Fertilizer (18-46-0) will be added to nutrient
deficient areas. All riparian areas will be raked to loosen compacted soil prior to
seeding.
RUN 1 Poot
E �\
AooL / RUN 1,001.crow PLAN VIEW
aANKFi
WATER SURFACE
5 TREAM BED FLOH'
PROFILE VIEW
TYPICAL BEDFORM GRADING DETAIL
W'
RFSOUFkCE
GO
¢ c
INSTITUTE
Q
A N
RCS'
W
o
CU
�2
Z
;q
Tim of Awm
OR aA �
aav t
_
Q
`n
O m
TO THE BEST OF MV KNOWLEDGE. JUDGMENT]
AND BELIEF THESE PLANS MEET APPLICABLE
NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND !ITATE
REGULATIONS �Irll,t
,r_VJFWZFTA&"!PFMs)
y
' j
0
,P�fESS/O,
w
sao
�rrx�
T,e,ca
roro
a
xwAa
I N VE E�-' ���`
PI NG�'�,
Sheet
LK\719
5tabon
NOTE:
1. ALL DISTURBED AREAS ARE TO BE IMMEDIATELY SOWED WITH A
TEMPORARY GRASS MIXTURE.
2. FOLLOWING SITE CONSTRUCTION A NATIVE/PERMANENT GRASS
MIXTURE WILL BE APPLIED WHEN AVAILABLE.
TYPICAL CHANNEL RE -VEGETATION
CROSS-SECTION DETAIL
NOTE:
'IN LOOSE SOIL
CONDITIONS, THE USE OF
STAPLE OR STAKE
LENGTHS GREATER THAN
6" (15 CM) MAY BE
NECESSARY TO PROPERLY
SECURE THE BLANKETS.
SLOPE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS: C-70OBN
1. PREPARE SOIL BEFORE INSTALLING BLANKETS, INCLUDING ANY NECESSARY APPLICATION OF LIME, FERTILIZER, AND SEED.
2. BEGIN AT THE TOP OF THE SLOPE BY ANCHORING THE BLANKET IN A 6" (15 CM) DEEP X 6" (15 CM) NIDE TRENCH WITH APPROXIMATELY 12" (30CM)
OF BLANKET EXTENDED BEYOND THE UP–SLOPE PORTION OF THE TRENCH. ANCHOR THE BLANKET WITH A ROW OF STAPLES/STAKES APPROXIMATELY
12" (30 CM) APART IN THE BOTTOM OF THE TRENCH. BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE TRENCH AFTER STAPLING. APPLY SEED TO COMPACTED SOIL AND
FOLD REMAINING 12" (30 CM) PORTION OF BLANKET BACK OVER SEED AND COMPACTED SOIL. SECURE BLANKET OVER COMPACTED SOIL WITH A ROW
OF STAPLES/STAKES SPACED APPROXIMATELY 12" (30 CM) APART ACROSS THE WIDTH OF THE BLANKET.
3. ROLL THE BLANKETS IN DIRECTION OF WATER FLOW. BLANKETS WILL UNROLL WITH APPROPRIATE SIDE AGAINST THE SOIL SURFACE. ALL BLANKETS
MUST BE SECURELY FASTENED TO SOIL SURFACE BY PLACING STAPLES/STAKES IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS AS SHOWN IN THE STAPLE PATTERN GUIDE,
WHEN USING THE DOT SYSTEM, STAPLES/STAKES SHOULD BE PLACED THROUGH EACH OF THE COLORED DOTS CORRESPONDING TO THE APPROPRIATE
STAPLE PATTERN.
4. THE EDGES OF PARALLEL BLANKETS MUST BE STAPLED WITH APPROXIMATELY 2" – 5" (5 CM – 12.5 CM) OVERLAP DEPENDING ON BLANKET TYPE. 5.
CONSECUTIVE BLANKETS SPLICED DOWN THE SLOPE MUST BE PLACED END OVER END (SHINGLE STYLE) WITH AN APPROXIMATE 3" (7.5 CM) OVERLAP.
STAPLE THROUGH OVERLAPPED AREA, APPROXIMATELY 12" (30 CM) APART ACROSS ENTIRE BLANKET WIDTH.
5. PLACE CONSECUTIVE BLANKETS END–OVER–END (SHINGLE STYLE) WITH A 4"-6" OVERLAP. USE A DOUBLE ROW OF STAPLES STAGGERED 4" APART AND
4" ON CENTER TO SECURE BLANKETS .
6 FULL LENGTH EDGE OF BLANKETS AT TOP OF SIDE SLOPES MUST BE ANCHORED WITH A ROW OF STAPLES/STAKES APPROXIMATELY 12"(30CM)
APART IN A 6"(15CM) DEEP X 6"(15CM) WIDE TRENCH. BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE TRENCH AFTER STAPLING.
7. ADJACENT BLANKETS MUST BE OVERLAPPED APPROXIMATELY 2"-5" (5-12.5CM) (DEPENDING ON BLANKETS TYPE) AND STAPLED.
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE:
This consists primarily of two components, stream stabilization
structures (J -Hooks, Cross vanes, etc.) and planting of the stream
banks and riparian areas. In the event that the stream structures
shift, wash away, settle, or otherwise physically cannot function as
designed, contact the area NRCS Agent. If the new plantings
experience a mortality rate of greater than 25%, the dead/dying
plants will need to be replaced.
PERMANENT SEED MIX:
APPLY AT 15 LBS PER ACRE OF DISTURBANCE (per specifications of
seed supplier):
ERNST CONSERVATION SEED MIX ERNMX-178 (FLOODPLAIN MIX)
WHICH INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING SPECIES:
Fox Sedge, Partridge Pea, Dear Tongue, Little Bluestem, Virginia Wild
Rye, Riverbank Wild Rye, Swamp Sunflower, Ox Eye Sunflower, Arrow
Wood, Big Bluestem, Silky Dogwood, Switchgrass, Indiangrass,
Staghorn Sumac, Showy Tick Trefoil, Purple Bergamot, Black Eyed
Susan, Joe Pye Weed , Soft Rush, Giant Ironweed, Tall White Beard
Tongue, Spotted Joe Pye Weed, Bone Set, and Blue False Indigo.
TEMPORARY SEED MIX AND SPECIFICATIONS:
Common Name Scientific Name Rate per Acre Optimal Planting Dates
Rye grain Secale cereale 30 lbs Aug 15 - May 15
Browntop millet Urochloa ramosa 10 lbs May 15 - Aug 15
Seedbed Preparation:
Disturbed soils within riparian areas will be amended to provide an optimum
environment for seed germination and seedling growth. Surface soils will be loose
enough for water infiltration and root penetration. Lime will be added to the soil to
ensure a pH level between 5.5 - 7. Fertilizer (18-46-0) will be added to nutrient
deficient areas. All riparian areas will be raked to loosen compacted soil prior to
seeding.
RUN 1 Poot
E �\
AooL / RUN 1,001.crow PLAN VIEW
aANKFi
WATER SURFACE
5 TREAM BED FLOH'
PROFILE VIEW
TYPICAL BEDFORM GRADING DETAIL
W'
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GO
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INSTITUTE
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NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND !ITATE
REGULATIONS �Irll,t
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CROSS VANE
GEOTEXTILE
FABRIC
A
CUT-OFF SILL
SURFACE ROCK
NOTE:
POOL STEP OMITTED FOR CLARITY
ACE ROCK (TYP)
f 3%-7% • . • �`•' S► w i.Y '}
i a •
NON -WOVEN] y
EXTILE FABRIC/i I FLOW
FOOTER ROCK(S)J
Qrul sago w vauA FOOTER ROCK (TYP)
,vaa.woN.cFnoc, �,
FLOW
13 13 13
20°-30° 20°-30-
i
POOL
PLAN
A -A
CROSS-SECTION
ROCK
B-B
PROFILE
ROCK CROSS -VANE STRUCTURE
ROCK (TYP)
CE ROCK (TYP)
ROCK (TYP)
MATERIAL NOTES:
1. ROCK DIMENSIONS SHALL BE 1'-2' THICK, 2'-3' WIDE, AND 3'-5'
LONG.
2. ROCK SHALL BE NATIVE STONE HARVESTED LOCALLY OR FROM
EXISTING STREAM.
3. THE ROCKS SHOULD BE RECTANGULAR OR NEARLY SO AT THE
ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT. THE ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT
SHOULD BE SOLID. IF ROCKS ARE NOT PERFECTLY FLAT, THE
THICKER END SHOULD BE PLACED DOWNSTREAM.
CONSTRUCTION NOTES:
1. A TRENCH SHALL BE DUG IN A MANNER THAT THE FOOTER
ROCKS, CROSS HEADER ROCKS AND A MIN OF 1/3 OF THE WING
HEADER ROCKS ARE BURIED BENEATH THE BED SURFACE
ELEVATION.
2. ROCKS ARE PRECISEL Y PLACED WITH A HYDRAULIC THUMB.
3. FOOTER ROCKS SHALL BE PLACED FIRST WITH HEADER ROCKS
PLACED ON TOP PRIOR TO BACKFILLING THE TRENCH.
4. IN THE CENTER (CROSS) PORTION THE HEADER ROCKS SHALL BE
PLACED SO THAT THE TOP OF THE HEAD ROCK IS AT AN
ELEVATION EQUAL TO THE PROPOSED BED ELEVATION.
5. GEOTEXTILE FABRIC SHALL BE PLACED IN THE TRENCH WITH
APPROX. 2 FT. OF OVERLAP.
6. ROCK FILL MATERIAL SHALL BE BACK FILLED AROUND THE FABRIC.
7. THE HEADER ROCKS ON THE WING PORTION SHALL BE PLACED SO
THAT THEY SLOPE UP FROM THE BED ELEVATION AT THE CROSS
PORTION, TO A BANKFULL ELEVATION AND MEET THE BANK AT A
20 30° ANGLE.
S. SURFACE AND FOOTER ROCKS AT BOTH ENDS SHALL BE TIED IN
SECURELY TO THE BANK TO ELIMINATE THE POSSIBILITY OF
WATER DIVERSION.
Wbkf
I PROPOSED HANK BENCH
ROOT WAD
1/2 B;
KF
A-A
CROSS-SECTION FILLER LOGS, TOPS, LIMBS,
BRUSH, AGGREGATE, SOIL
20Q-100
FOOTER LOG (TYP
FLOW �♦
P _:N."/
ROOT WAD
TOE WOOD BANK STABILIZATION
Im
NOTES:
cn
1. A TRENCH SHALL BE DUG ALONG THE TOE OF THE BANK
TO A DEPTH OF THE DIAMETER OF THE FOOTER LOG.
2. A PRUNED FOOTER LOG SHALL BE PLACED AT THE TOE
Q
OF THE CHANNEL AND THE ROOT WAD SHALL BE
PLACED DIRECTLY ABOVE IT.
m
3. THE VELOCITY VECTORS OF THE STREAM IN THE
CHANNEL ARE ALIGNED WITH THE TRUNKS
LONGITUDINAL AXIS AND WILL INTERSECT THE ROOT
MASS AT A 90 DEGREE ANGLE.
�
4. A BOULDER MAY BE PLACED ON THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE,
ON TOP OF, AND ON THE UPSTREAM SIDE BETWEEN
Zj
THE ROOTMASS AND THE BANK TO PROVIDE EROSION
CONTROL.
' SEAL "
5. ROOTWAD LOGS SHALL BE AT LEAST 15' IN LENGTH AND
HAVE A MINIMUM DIAMETER AT BREAST HEIGHT (DBH)
OF 12".
01, ) =
6. SHALLOW -ROOTED RATHER THAN DEEP-ROOTED TREE SPECIES
WITH RATIOS OF ROOT FAN DIAMETERS TO BOLE DIAMETERS
OF 4.0 OR GREATER ARE PREFERRED; AVOID NARROW BASED,
''��..,
FAN DIAMETER RATIOS LESS THAN 3.0.
17
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AND BELIEF THESEE PLANS MEET APPLICABLE
BE BEST OF KNOWLEDGE, JUDGMENT. RCS
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NRCS STANDARDS AND LOCAL AND STATE
I
v*040moo;
INS1'ITU'TE
REGULATIONS.
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819
17

MATERIAL NOTES:
1. ROCK DIMENSIONS SHALL BE APPROXIMATELY 1'-2' THICK, 2' -3 -
WIDE, AND 3'-5' LONG.
2. ROCK SHALL BE NATIVE STONE HARVESTED LOCALLY OR FROM
EXISTING STREAM.
3. THE ROCKS SHOULD BE RECTANGULAR OR NEARLY SO AT THE
ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT. THE ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT
SHOULD BE SOLID. IF ROCKS ARE NOT PERFECTLY FLAT, THE
THICKER END SHOULD BE PLACED DOWNSTREAM.
CONSTRUCTION NOTES:
1. THE LOWER ROCK (HEAD ROCK) FOOTER WILL FIRST BE PLACED
FOLLOWED BY THE HEAD ROCK TO SET THE INITIAL STRUCTURE
ELEVATION.
2. THE SUBSEQUENT ROCK (MOVING UPSTREAM) AND ASSOCIATED
FOOTERS WILL THEN BE SET SIGHTING THE PROPOSED 20-301 BANK
DEFLECTION LINE.
3. ROCK PLACEMENT FOLLOWS MOVING UPSTREAM ATA 2-7% SLOPE
UNTIL A BANKFULL ELEVATION IS REACHED AT THE END OF THE
STRUCTURE WING.
4. A ROCK SILL WILL THEN BE CONSTRUCTED PERPENDICULAR TO THE
STRUCTURE ANGLE TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF A CUTOFF
CHANNEL.
5. A TRENCH SHALL BE DUG UPSTREAM ON THE B ANK5IDE OF THE
WING WHERE NON -WOVEN GEOTEX77LE FABRIC WILL BE PLACED
WITH APPROX. 2' OF OVERLAP
6. BACKFILL TRENCH WITH NATIVE MATERIALS AND RE -VEGETATE.
ROCK ]-HOOK VANE STRUCTURE
Q
MATERIAL NOTES:
1. ROCK DIMENSIONS SHALL BE 1'-2' THICK, 2'-3'
WIDE, AND 3'-5' LONG.
2. ROCK SHALL BE NATIVE STONE HARVESTED
LOCALLY OR FROM EXISTING STREAM,
3. THE ROCKS SHOULD BE RECTANGULAR OR
NEARLY 50 AT THE ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT.
THE ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT SHOULD BE
SOLID. IF ROCKS ARE NOT PERFECTLY FLAT, THE
THICKER END SHOULD BE PLACED
DOWNSTREAM.
4. LOGS SHALL 12" MINIMUM DIAMETER.
5. ROOT WADS SHALL BE 5' MINIMUM DIAMETER.
CONSTRUCTION NOTES:
O
�L
FOLLOWED BY THE VANE LOG TO SET
#F SILL (TYP)
THE
THE INITIAL STRUCTURE ELEVATION.
20°-30°
SET THE SUPPORT LOG AND VANE LOG
113
UPSTREAM AT A 2-7% SLOPE UNTIL A BANKFULL
� co
M
F`�
/
VANE LOG.
B
GAPS 1/4 TO 1/3 R
B
SUPPORT LOGS ARE IN GOOD CONTACT WITH
DIAMETER IN HOOK
AS POSSIBLE.
4.
13
ROOFING NAILS.
5.
CONSTRUCT THE ROCK HOOK BEGINNING FROM
RUN
GLIDE
1 3
FOOTER ROCK MP)
NON -WOVE
HOOK TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF A
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
CUT-OFF SILL
7,
A TRENCH SHALL BE DUG UPSTREAM ON THE
Q
BANKSIDE OF THE WING WHERE NON -WOVEN
PLAN
MATERIAL NOTES:
1. ROCK DIMENSIONS SHALL BE 1'-2' THICK, 2'-3'
WIDE, AND 3'-5' LONG.
2. ROCK SHALL BE NATIVE STONE HARVESTED
LOCALLY OR FROM EXISTING STREAM,
3. THE ROCKS SHOULD BE RECTANGULAR OR
NEARLY 50 AT THE ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT.
THE ROCK TO ROCK CONTACT SHOULD BE
SOLID. IF ROCKS ARE NOT PERFECTLY FLAT, THE
THICKER END SHOULD BE PLACED
DOWNSTREAM.
4. LOGS SHALL 12" MINIMUM DIAMETER.
5. ROOT WADS SHALL BE 5' MINIMUM DIAMETER.
CONSTRUCTION NOTES:
1.
THE LOWER FOOTER ROCK WILL FIRST BE
FOLLOWED BY THE VANE LOG TO SET
#F SILL (TYP)
THE
THE INITIAL STRUCTURE ELEVATION.
1.
SET THE SUPPORT LOG AND VANE LOG
UPSTREAM AT A 2-7% SLOPE UNTIL A BANKFULL
� co
M
ELEVATION IS REACHED AT THE END OF THE
VANE LOG.
3.
ENSURE THE ROOT WADS OF VANE AND
era
SUPPORT LOGS ARE IN GOOD CONTACT WITH
EACH OTHER AND THE ROOTS AS INTERLOCKED
AS POSSIBLE.
4.
SECURE GEOTEXTILE FABRIC TO VANE LOG WITH
ROOFING NAILS.
5.
CONSTRUCT THE ROCK HOOK BEGINNING FROM
�c
THE TOP OF THE VANE LOG.
6.
A ROCK CUT OFF SILL WILL THEN BE
CONSTRUCTED PERPENDICULAR TO THE ROCK
HOOK TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF A
CUTOFF CHANNEL.
7,
A TRENCH SHALL BE DUG UPSTREAM ON THE
a � n
BANKSIDE OF THE WING WHERE NON -WOVEN
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC WILL BE PLACED WITH
APPROX. 2' OF OVERLAP. ATTACH FABIRC TO
0
VANE LOG WITH ROOFING NAILS.
8.
BACKFILL TRENCH WITH NATIVE MATERIALS AND
RE -VEGETATE.
TTVE STONE AND COBBLE CROSS-SECTION
SURFACE ROCK
FOOTER ROCK(S
1%-7%?
NON -WOVEN-'/
GEOTEXTILE
FABRIC /at
ROCK (TYP)
B -B
PROFILE
..molauwe
CUT-OFF SILL
NON -WOVE FOOTER ROCK (TYP)
GEOTEKTILE FABRIC SURFACE ROCK A -A
TER ROCKS)
CROSS-SECTION
FLOW
0.1
BURIED 8-1
�.
FOOTER.. i
B -B
PROFILE
ROCKILOG ]-HOOK VANE STRUCTURE
ITO THE BEST OF MV KNOWLEDGE, JUDGMENT. i �
FP -
AND BELIEF THESE PLANS MEET APPLICABLE N RC \/\"� p L, SOLI I L
NR S REGULATONS. DS AND LOCAL AND STATE \ ilUNS T I r FE
Sheet
9/9
h
c
o
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Co
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a � n
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C
BURIED 15-2
W
C
SUPPORT LOG
Q
'O
NON -WOVEN GEOTEXTILE
rBUTTRESS ROCK BURIED
a
FABRIC LAID OVER WOODY
DEBRIS ON INSIDE OF LOG-
FLUSH WITH BANK ON LARGE
LATERAL ROOT
-�. FASTEN WITH ROOFING NAILS.
C
Lu
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B
B
TER ROCK (TYP)
RIIN
GLIDE
BURIED 8-10'
1 3 ROCK
/ HOOK
CUT-OFF SILL
\
Q (-
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- -
cur-oFT= SILL (
n
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CUT-OFF SILL
NON -WOVE FOOTER ROCK (TYP)
GEOTEKTILE FABRIC SURFACE ROCK A -A
TER ROCKS)
CROSS-SECTION
FLOW
0.1
BURIED 8-1
�.
FOOTER.. i
B -B
PROFILE
ROCKILOG ]-HOOK VANE STRUCTURE
ITO THE BEST OF MV KNOWLEDGE, JUDGMENT. i �
FP -
AND BELIEF THESE PLANS MEET APPLICABLE N RC \/\"� p L, SOLI I L
NR S REGULATONS. DS AND LOCAL AND STATE \ ilUNS T I r FE
Sheet
9/9

Cane Creek Stream Restoration
Site Photosheets
Photographed by BFEC 01/05/2016

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Photosheet 2
Looking upstream at crossing on McKinney property

Photosheet 3
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Upstream view near crossing on Diller property

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North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
Ramona M. Bartos, Administrator
Governor Roy Cooper
Secretary Susi H. Hamilton
February 6, 2017
Emily Morris
Brushy Fork Environmental Consulting, Inc.
5902 Highway 421 South
Mountain City, TN 37683
Re: Cane Creek Stream Restoration, Bakersville, Mitchell County, ER 17-0087
Dear Ms. Morris:
Thank you for your letter January 5, 2017, concerning the above project.
Office of Archives and History
Deputy Secretary Kevin Chevy
There are no known recorded archaeological sites within the project boundaries. However, the project area
has never been systematically surveyed to determine the location or significance of archaeological
resources. Based on the topographic and hydrological situation and the proximity of archaeological sites in
the area, there is a high probability for the presence of prehistoric or historic archaeological sites at the
project location.
We recommend that a comprehensive survey be conducted by an experienced archaeologist to identify and
evaluate the significance of archaeological remains that may be damaged or destroyed by the proposed
project. The survey area should be limited to those portions of the project area where ground disturbance,
such as floodplain shaping is planned. Potential effects on unknown resources must be assessed prior to the
initiation of construction activities.
Two copies of the resulting archaeological survey report, as well as one copy of the appropriate site forms,
should be forwarded to us for review and comment as soon as they are available and well in advance of any
construction activities.
A list of archaeological consultants who have conducted or expressed an interest in contract work in North
Carolina is available at www.archaeology.ncdcr.gov/ncarch/resource/consultants.htm. The archaeologists listed,
or any other experienced archaeologist, may be contacted to conduct the recommended survey. The
consulting archaeologist should contact Western Office staff archaeologist, Linda Hall, at 828/296-7230 or
Iinda.hall Ancdcr.og_v prior to the initiation of fieldwork.
We have determined that the project as proposed will not have an effect on any historic structures.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36
CFR Part 800.
Location: 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601 Mailing Address: 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 Telephone/Fix: [phone]/807-6599

Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919-807-6579 or
environmental.reviewna,ncdcr.gov. In all future communication concerning this project, please cite the
above referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
Ramona M. Bartos

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
February 7, 2017
Emily Morris
Brushy Fork Environmental Consulting, Inc.
5902 Highway 421 South
Mountain City, Tennessee 37683
Dear Ms. Morris:
Subject: Cane Creek Stream Restoration Project; Mitchell County, North Carolina
Log No. 4-2-17-187
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the information provided in your
correspondence dated January 5, 2016 (received January 10, 2017), wherein you request our
technical assistance regarding potential occurrences of federally protected species in the
proposed project vicinity. The Service submits the following comments in accordance with the
provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-667e); the
National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. §4321 et seq.); and section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
Project Description
According to the information provided, you are seeking a NWP 27 for proposed impacts to 2,380
linear feet of Cane Creek near Bakersville, North Carolina. The proposed project would
incorporate natural stream channel design methodologies and instream structures including j -
hooks, root wads, and riparian planting.
Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Species
According to Service records, suitable summer roosting habitat may be present on site for the
federally threatened northern long-eared bat. However, the final 4(d) rule (effective as of
February 16, 2016), exempts incidental take of northern long-eared bat associated with activities
that occur greater than 0.25 miles from a known hibernation site, and greater than 150 feet from
a known, occupied maternity roost during the pup season (June 1 — July 31). Based on the
information provided, the project (which may require tree clearing) would occur at a location
where any incidental take that may result from associated activities is exempt under the 4(d) rule.
The proposed project is located approximately 5 river miles upstream from the North Toe River
which is designated critical habitat for the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe mussel
(Alasmidonta raveneliana). The primary constituent elements of this critical habitat include: (i)

Permanent, flowing, cool, clean water; (ii)Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks;
(iii)Pool, riffle, and run sequences within the channel; (iv)Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder,
and bedrock substrates with no more than low amounts of fine sediment; (v)Moderate to high
stream gradient; (vi)Periodic natural flooding; and (vii)Fish hosts, with adequate living, foraging,
and spawning areas for them. (Federal Register, 67:61016-61040, September 27, 2002). If the
proposed project follows the design and construction recommendations below, we would
concur with an Action Agency determination that the proposed project is not likely to
adversely affect this species or result in the adverse modification of its critical habitat.
The Service has record of no other federally protected species in the project area. Please be
aware that in accordance with the Act, it is the responsibility of the appropriate federal agency or
its designated representative to review its activities or programs and to identify any such
activities or programs that may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitats.
We offer the following recommendations in the interest of protecting fish, wildlife, and other
natural resources.
Stream Channel and Bank Reconstruction/Restoration Activities
A natural, stable stream system is one that is able to transport a wide range of flows and
associated bed load (sediment) while maintaining channel features and neither degrading
(accelerating the erosion of banks and scour of the channel bed) nor aggrading (accelerating the
deposition of sediment within the channel). Alterations to the dimension (cross-sectional view of
the channel), pattern (the sinuosity of the channel), or profile (longitudinal slope) of the stream
channel as well as changes to streambank vegetation, floodplains, hydrology, or sediment input
can significantly alter this equilibrium. The majority of property damage associated with flood
events in areas that contain, or are adjacent to, streams often can be tied to human -caused
alterations within the stream corridor, such as the removal of streambank vegetation,
channelization, and/or dredging of the stream and the placement of fill within floodplains. To
avoid future damage and associated costs, it is critical that proposals to repair storm -damaged
property within stream corridors emphasize the restoration of natural, stable stream conditions.
Accordingly, we recommend the following:
1. Only the absolute minimum amount of work should be done within stream channels to
accomplish necessary reconstruction. The amount of disturbance to in -stream and
riparian areas should not exceed what can be stabilized by the end of the workday.
Restoration plans should account for the constraints of the site and the opportunities to
improve stream pattern, dimension, and profile with minimal disturbance.
2. All reconstruction work should follow natural channel design methodologies that are
based on the bank -full, or channel -forming, stage of the stream. Bank -full stage
maintains the natural channel dimensions and transports the bulk of sediment over time
(Doll et al. 2003). Natural channel conditions should be identified using a reference
reach (nearby stream reaches that exemplify restoration goals). Restoration design
should match the pattern, dimension, and profile of the reference reach to ensure the
project's success. The Service is available to assist with the identification of reference
reaches.

3. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area to the
extent possible. Sandbags, cofferdams, bladder dams, or other diversion structures
should be used to prevent excavation in flowing water. These diversion structures should
be removed as soon as the work area is stable. When practical, a pump -around operation
shall be used to divert flow during construction.
4. Equipment should not be operated in the stream unless absolutely necessary. Machinery
should be operated from the banks in a fashion that minimizes disturbance to woody
vegetation. Equipment should be: (a) washed to remove any contaminant residue prior
to project construction, (b) in good working order, and (c) checked to ensure there are no
leaks of potential contaminants (such as oil or other lubricants) prior to and during
construction.
Streambanks with deep-rooted woody vegetation are the most stable, and stream
restoration efforts should incorporate the use of native vegetation adapted to the site
conditions. Biodegradable erosion -control materials may be incorporated into
bank -restoration design in order to stabilize soils as vegetation becomes established.
Live dormant stakes (such as black willow) may be used to reestablish root structure in
riparian areas. In areas where banks are severely undercut, high, and steep, whole -tree
revetment or rock may be used as a stabilization treatment (small rock, gravel, sand, and
dirt are not recommended due to their erosive nature), and it should not extend above the
bank -full elevation (the elevation of the channel where the natural floodplain begins).
Deep -rooting woody vegetation should be established along banks where any channel
work is accomplished. Tree and shrub plantings should be spaced at intervals no greater
than 10 feet along banks. Vegetated riparian zone widths should be as wide as practical
but should extend at least 30 feet from the stream channel.
Suggested species for the mountain and piedmont regions include river birch (Betula
nigra), silky willow and/or black willow (Salix spp.), green ash (Fraxinus
pennsylvanica), dog hobble (Leucothoe axillaris), rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.),
jewel -weed (Impatiens capensis), and native sedges (Carex spp.) (Hall 2003).
6. Adequate measures to control sediment and erosion must be implemented prior to any
ground -disturbing activities in order to minimize effects on downstream aquatic
resources. In North Carolina, non -cohesive and erosion -prone soils are most common in
the felsic-crystalline terrains of the mountain and upper piedmont regions (Miller and
Koche12010). Therefore, reconstruction work should be staged such that disturbed areas
would be stabilized with seeding, mulch, and/or biodegradable (coir) erosion -control
matting prior to the end of each workday. No erosion -control matting or blankets should
contain synthetic (netting) materials. Matting should be secured in place with staples;
stakes; or, wherever possible, live stakes of native trees. If rain is expected prior to
temporary seed establishment, additional measures should be implemented to protect
water quality along slopes and overburden stockpiles (for example, stockpiles may be
covered with plastic or other geotextile material).

7. The presence of large woody debris is an important aspect of natural stream conditions in
the Southern Appalachians. Woody debris, detritus, and other vegetative materials are
the main sources of nutrients and carbon necessary for primary productivity in stream
ecosystems. Removal of this material can impact the production of higher trophic levels,
including fish. The Service does not recommend the removal of woody debris within the
stream channel or floodplain unless it is causing a debris blockage (logjam) or will affect
the ability to achieve bank stability along a specific reach of stream. Woody debris that
must be removed should be chipped on the site.
8. At each restoration site, cross-sections (at intervals based on restoration reach size),
longitudinal profiles, and stream -pattern plans should be measured and mapped prior to
and immediately following any channel work. In addition, photographs should be taken
to document the condition of the project site prior to initiating the work and upon
completion of the work. However, since a project's restoration success does not
necessarily equate to biological success, the ecological goals of the project should be
clearly defined and assessed for improvement after construction is completed (Palmer
et al. 2005).
Invasive Exotic Species
Without active management, including the revegetation of disturbed areas with native species,
project corridors may become corridors for the movement of invasive exotic plant species.
Exotic species are a major contributor to species depletion and extinction, second only to habitat
loss. Exotics are a factor contributing to the endangered or threatened status of more than
40 percent of the animals and plants on the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
and Plants.' It is estimated that at least 4,000 exotic plant species and 2,300 exotic animal
species are now established in the United States, costing more than $130 billion a year to
control .2 Additionally, the U.S. Government has many programs and laws in place to combat
invasive species (see www.invasivespecies.gov). Specifically, Section 2(a)(3) of Executive Order
13112 - Invasive Species (February 3, 1999) directs federal agencies to "not authorize, fund, or
carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of
invasive species in the United States or elsewhere." Despite their short-term erosion -control
benefits, many exotic species used in soil stabilization seed mixes are persistent once they are
established, thereby preventing the reestablishment of native vegetation. Many of these exotic
plants' are also aggressive invaders of nearby natural areas, where they are capable of displacing
already -established native species. Therefore, we strongly recommend that only species native
to the natural communities within the project area be used in association with all aspects of this
project.
The Service supports projects that conserve, protect, and enhance natural resources and
especially those that promote the recovery of federally protected species. Please contact
'D.S. Wilcove, D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in
the United States. BioScience 48:607-615.
'D. Pimentel, L. Lach, R. Zuniga, and D. Morrison. 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous
species in the United States. BioScience 50:53-65.
'Lists of invasive exotic plants can be found at http://www.tneppc.org/and http://www. invasive.org/eastern/srs/
(exotic wildlife links) on the Internet.

Mr. Byron Hamstead of our staff at 828/258-3939, Ext. 225, if you have any questions or if we
can be of assistance. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please reference our
Log Number 4-2-17-187.
Sincerely,
- - original signed - -
Janet A. Mizzi
Field Supervisor
Ec: William Elliott; USACE
Andrea Leslie; NCWRC
References
Doll, B.A., G.L. Grabow, K.R. Hall, J. Halley, W.A. Harman, G.D. Jennings, and D.E. Wise.
2003. Stream Restoration: A Natural Channel Design Handbook. North Carolina Stream
Restoration Institute, North Carolina State University. 128 pp.
Hall, K. 2003. Recommended Native Plant Species for Stream Restoration in North Carolina.
Raleigh: North Carolina Stream Restoration Institute, North Carolina State University.
Miller, J.R., and Kochel, R.C. 2010. Assessment of channel dynamics, in -stream structures and
post -project channel adjustments in North Carolina and its implications to effective stream
restoration. Environmental Earth Sciences, 59(8), pp. 1681-1692.
Palmer, M.A., E.S. Bernhardt, J.D. Allan, P.S. Lake, G. Alexander, S. Brooks, J. Carr,
S. Clayton, C.N. Dahm, J. Follstad Shah, and D.L. Galat. 2005. Standards for ecologically
successful river restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(2), pp. 208-217.