20070812 Ver 2_DWM Fish Tissue Review_20090225

February 25, 2009 FY:.
MEMORANDUM
TO: Dexter Matthews, Director
Division of Waste Management
FROM: Rob McDaniel mlc_
Hazardous Waste ec' tion
SUBJECT: PCBs in Badin Lake
As a result of fish tissue study of Badin Lake conducted by the North Carolina Division
of Public Health on the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the Division of Waste Management reviewed all
available information with a goal of determining if the PCBs present at the Alcoa facility
may have originated or contributed to the PCBs found in the fish tissue.
In the review of information pertaining to PCBs associated'with the Alcoa facility located
in Badin, North Carolina and Badin Lake, several documents were relied on heavily.
These documents included the RCRA Facility Investigation Work Plan, the RCRA
Facility Investigation Report, summary tables from the draft Sediment Investigation
Report, the Proposed Exposure Investigation Protocol for PCB and PAH Fish Tissue
Sampling for Badin Lake, Stanly and Montgomery Counties, North Carolina, the Badin
Lake Fish Tissue PCB Congener Data tables, and the Badin Lake Fish Tissue Data tables
from the study.
The term "aroclor" is the registered trademark for a group of polychlorinated biphenyls
that were manufactured by the Monsanto Company prior to 1976. The various aroclors
employed at the Alcoa facility were in common industrial use prior to the cessation of the
production of PCBs in the mid -1970's.
PCB aroclors have been found to be present in the soil at the Alcoa facility. During the
long operating life of the plant, PCBs and PAHs may have been introduced into Badin
Lake by overland flow during storm events or through the storm water drainage system of
the plant. Alcoa conducted Interim Measures activities in the 1990's to excavate or
improve the caps over contaminated soil at several solid waste management units. PAHs
and PCBs were found to be present in the sediment in the swimming cove and boat ramp
areas of Badin Lake. A memorandum, dated May 21, 1997 (Attachment 1) from the
North Carolina Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section determined that
human exposure to the constituents (PAHs, PCBs and inorganics) did not pose a
significant health risk.
The fish tissue samples collected in the North Carolina Division of Public Health study
were analyzed for the 209 PCB congeners. A table was created to determine which

congeners may be present in the aroclors used at the Badin facility (Attachment 2). The
PCB aroclors predominately used at the Alcoa facility were 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260.
In review of the data, soil samples at some of the solid waste management were also
analyzed for the aroclors 1232, 1221, and 1016, thus the congeners that may be present in
these aroclors were also included in the table. The table includes seventy-six congeners
that may be present in the seven aroclors predominately used at the Alcoa.
Fish tissue collected and analyzed during the Badin Lake fish tissue study found four fish
tissue samples to be above the North Carolina Fish Consumption Advisory Limit of 50
ug/kg of total PCBs. Badin Lake was divided into three regions, the Northwest region
where water from the Yadkin River Basin enters Badin Lake, the Northeast region of
Badin Lake in Montgomery County, and the Southwest region of Badin Lake where the
town of Badin and the Alcoa facility are located. A summary table of this data was
created by Alcoa (Attachment 3). The Northwest region of Badin Lake contained three
fish tissue samples above the standard and another sample approaching the standard for
total PCBs and no exceedances for PAHs. There were no exceedances of the standards in
the Northeast region of Badin Lake for either PAHs or PCBs. The Southwest region of
Badin Lake found one fish tissue sample that was above the standard for PCBs and no
sample was above the standard for PAHs.
Alcoa recently conducted a Sediment Investigation Report in Badin Lake (draft summary
tables of the report are included in Attachment 4). Sediment samples were collected and
analyzed for lead, mercury, PAHs, and PCBs in ten transects across Badin Lake. The
sediment samples were analyzed for the PCB aroclors commonly used at the facility
(Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1232, 1221, and 10 16) and none were detected in the
sediment samples collected. Numerous PAHs were detected in Transect 1, adjacent to
the Alcoa facility and two PAHs were Transect 10 in the vicinity of the Narrows Dam.
With the information available at the time of this memorandum, it can be summarized.-
PCBs
ummarized:
PCBs were in common industrial use for many decades and are found throughout
the environment;
Only a limited number of PCB aroclors were employed at the Alcoa facility in
Badin and these aroclors were of common industrial use;
The May 21, 1997 memo from the North Carolina Occupational and
Environmental Epidemiology Section concluded that human exposure to the
constituents (PAHs, PCB aroclors and inorganics) analyzed in the sediment and
water samples in the Swimming Cove at Badin Lake did not pose a significant
health risk;
A cursory look at the locations in Badin Lake where fish tissue samples were
collected and analyzed for PCBs indicate that four of the five highest
concentration of total PCBs in the fish tissue were collected in the Northwest
region of Badin Lake in the area where the Yadkin River enters the lake;

The Southwest region of Badin Lake, where the town of Badin and the Alcoa
facility are located found only one fish tissue sample that was above the standard
for PCBs;
Seventy-six congeners may have originally been present in the PCB aroclors used
at the Alcoa facility. Numerous additional congeners were detected in the fish
tissue samples collected in Badin Lake;
The presence of PCB congeners in fish of the Yadkin River Basin above Badin
Lake is unknown;
PCB congeners degrade when exposed to the environment or during biological
ingestion of the compounds; and
Recent sediment sampling in Badin Lake for the PCB aroclors commonly used at
the facility (Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1232, 1221, and 1016) yielded
none of these PCB arolcors detected.
With the information available at this time, considering the vast array of PCB congeners
found present in the fish tissue, it would be extremely difficult and unlikely to conclude
that these congeners are due solely from one source with any degree of confidence.
3

ATTACHMENT 1
MAY 21, 1997 MEMORANDUM FROM THE NORTH CAROLINA
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY SECTION

Safe of North Carolina
'Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources 4 •
Division of Epidemiology
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretory
Michael Moser, M.D., M.P.H., Director
May 21, 1997
MEMORANDUM
TO: Sharron Rogers, Head
Remediation Branch
Hazardous Waste Section
�! �, /,
FROM: Luanne K. Williams, Pharm.D., Toxicologist,,/,�( �t~
Medical Evaluation and Risk Assessment Branch
Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section
SUBJECT: Comments on the May 1997 Preliminary Sediment and Water Sampling Results
from Badin Lake Prepared by Woodward -Clyde Consultants for Aluminum
Company of America (Alcoa) smelting facility at Badin, North Carolina in Stanly
County
As requested during our meeting on May 15, I reviewed the sediment and water sample
results (which includes PCBs, PAHs, and inorganics) from the swimming cove at Badin Lake
and offer the following comments:
Based upon the sediment and water sample results submitted, human exposure to the
constituent concentrations detected should not pose a significant health risk. The
concentrations reported were comparable to concentrations found in urban soil (Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1995, Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PARS). U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.)
Because only a few samples were collected and analyzed for inorganics, it is
recommended as a precaution to collect six additional sediment samples from the
swimming cove. It is recommended to analyze these samples for arsenic cadmium,
cyanide, and lead.
If you have any questions, contact me at 919-715-6429.
LKW:lp
Enclosure
P O. Box 29601 NOC An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Raleigh. NC 27626-0601 50%recycled/)O% postconsumer paper

ATTACHMENT
PCB CONGENERS COMMONLY PRESENT IN AROCLORS
ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOA-BADIN

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ATTACHMENT 3
SUMMARY TABLE OF BADIN LAKE FISH TISSUE PCB DATA

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ATTACHMENT 4
SEDIMENT INVESTIGATION REPORT IN BADIN LAKE
SEDIMENT DATA SUMMARY TABLES

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