20051690 Ver 1_Erosion Evaluation 4_20070803

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1 EcoScience Corporation
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 919-828-3433
EcoScience
MEMORANDU
TO: George Howard, AUG 3 ZOO/
Restoration Systems, LLC (RS) DENR - WATER QUALM'
' WETI "AND STORkMATER BRANCH
FROM: Michael Gloden
DATE: January 31, 2007
RE: Erosion Evaluation No. 4 (12-28-2006) 06-277.04
The purpose of this memorandum it to provide you with the results of the most recent erosion
evaluation of the former impoundment of the Carbonton Dam, performed in accordance with your
Section 401 permit obligations. The former impoundment included 126,673 linear feet of affected
stream reaches that extended through portions of Lee, Chatham, and Moore Counties, North
Carolina.
This evaluation was performed to document any evidence of erosion within the former impoundment
' including but not limited to bank failure, loss of stream bank trees, severe head-cuts, and the loss or
gain of large depositional features.
History
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) Section 401 permit condition #9 associated
with the Carbonton Dam - Deep River Restoration Site requires that a "survey [of] the present lake
' bed and its flooded tributaries [shall occur] at least every two weeks (bi-weekly) or within three days
of a rain more than or equal to one inch at Moncure, NC." In order to satisfy permit condition #9,
Restoration Systems, LLC authorized EcoScience Corporation (ESC) to conduct weather related
' erosion evaluations within the former Carbonton Impoundment (ESC Proposal P06-003 January 13,
2006).
' As described in greater detail within the summary memorandum for erosion transit 1, ESC has
observed that the greater than or equal to one-inch rain events appear to result in a river stage
increase to at least 1500 cubic feet per second (cfs). Thus, ESC proposes to use the correlation
between large, regional rain events that cause more than a 1500 cfs reading at the Ramseur gaging
' station as the "initiation threshold" for a field evaluation. ESC estimates that this initiation threshold
occurs after a river stage rise equal to ten percent of bankfull.
Methods
A rainfall event ranging from 1 to 3 inches occurred in the upstream watershed between December
22 and December-26, 2006 (Figure 1). A peak in river stage of over 3,210 cubic feet per second
(cfs) was recorded at the USGS Ramseur river gage on December 25, 2006 as a result of this storm
(Figure 2). The "initiation threshold" from this storm occurred on December 25 and the "evaluation
threshold" on December 27. An erosion evaluation was conducted within the formerly impounded
reaches of the Deep River on December 28, 2006. The activities on December 28 included
Erosion Evaluation No. 4 1 06-277.04
observation points along the main stem of the Deep River and at accessible points along tributaries
that comprise the former site impoundment. Activities on January 4, 2007 included a survey
assessment of the substrate bar located between NC Highway 42 (NC42) and the former dam
footprint within the Deep River. ESC expects to continue using these methods for future evaluations
of greater than 1500 cfs river stage events.
River Transit Erosion Evaluation
A two-person team performed a twelve-mile canoe transit of the Deep River. The point of ingress
was the Glendon Carthage Road bridge and the point of egress was the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission boat ramp (Figure 3). The team stopped at the mouth of all credited
tributaries as described in the Mitigation Plan as well as at points along the river where notable
conditions occurred. At each observation point, GPS data was collected for the location,
photography was taken, and notes were recorded to describe the condition. Observation points
previously evaluated during the last erosion evaluation (November 27, 2006) that showed no signs
of change are not documented by this current evaluation. Additionally, observation points occurring
at confluences to the deep river that appeared stable are not described in this report. Observation
points are mapped on Figure 3.
River Observation Point 1
River Observation Point 1 is located on the Deep River at the Norfolk-Southern rail bridge. No
x change was observed relative to the assessment recorded on November 27, 2006 (Photo 1). Bank
' failure and sloughing continues on both banks directly below the bridge.
River Observation Point 2
1 River Observation Point 2 is located on the Deep River approximately 1.0 mile downstream of the
\ / Norfolk-Southern rail bridge. At this loc?atirm the Ii-ft hk of thA non Rim is_xperiencinq
J?gnant inns of bank material ri??P +n ????r?? ;??k of vP Pt do . A narrow buffer between the
' river and adjacent agriculture, combined with poor herbaceous vegetation, has allowed for erosion
to occur along this 150-200 foot stretch of bank (Photo 2).
River Observation Point 3
River Observation Point 3 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with the upstream end of
an oxbow near McClendon's Creek. Most of the vegetation appeared to be intact, and stream banks
show no new signs of erosion (Photo 3).
River Observation Point 4
River Observation Point 4 is located on the Deep River at the bridge crossing of Carbonton Road.
On November 27, 2006 this location had a massive logjam on the upstream side of the bridge with
woody debris spanning the entire width of the channel. This logjam has been flushed out between
the two left-most bridge supports (Photo 4). Just below the bridge, the right bank of the Deep River
' has experienced erosion possibly as a result of the redirection of water from the upstream logjam
(Photo 5).
River Observation Point 5
X River Observation Point 5 is located on the right bank of the Deep River at the confluence with an
unnamed tributary. At this location well established herbaceous vegetation had previously
,b0A1* UIT maintained stream bank stability. As a result of seasonal vegetation loss, the rise in storm surge
9,,tt *s eroded bank material and down cut the tributary (Photo 6).
Erosion Evaluation No. 4 2 06-277.04

1 River Observation Point 6
River Observation Point 6 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with Big Governors Creek.
A few areas at waters edge showed continued scouring but the majority of the bank material
??-appeared stable and still intact. Both banks of Big Governors Creek lack vegetative cover. An
A10 accumulation of woody debris remains at the confluence (Photo 7).
p River Observation Point 7
River Observation Point 7 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with an unnamed tributary
' X on the Knight Cattle Corporation property. At this _Location significant erosion has allowed a piece of
the bank to break off and slide into the center of the channel f Photo 8). A head-cut has continued to
migrate up the tributary and bank material continues to erode (Photo 9).
' River Observation Point 8
River Observation Point 8 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with an unnamed tributary
near Monitoring Station 27. A head-cut continues to transport sediment from the tributary and has
' eroded further upstream. Significant sloughing and freshly exposed roots are present on the left
bank (Photo 10).
River Observation Point 9
River Observation Point 9 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with an unnamed tributary.
A large head-cut at the confluence continues to migrate upstream, and bank material continues to
[O>erode. A significant area of new sloughing was observed on the right bank of the tributary (Photo
River Observation Point 10
River Observation Point 10 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with an unnamed
tributary near Monitoring Station 2. Down cutting of the tributary was observed and large amounts of
sediment has built up at the confluence with the Deep River (Photo 12).
River Observation Point 11
River Observation Point 11 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with an unnamed
tributary near Monitoring Station 23. A large head-cut has continued moving sediment out of the
tributary while the banks remain steep and unvegetated. A large piece of the bank with a tree
growing on it has broken off the bank and slid into the tributary (Photo 13).
I \X
River Observation Point 12
River Observation Point 12 is located on the Deep River at the confluence with Line Creek. Line
Creek continues to experience severe bank erosion. Banks on Line Creek are deeply incised and
sediment accumulation at the confluence has increased. The Norfolk-Southern railroad crosses
Line Creek at this location and the banks have eroded further back towards the bridge. Woody
debris remains scattered throughout the channel (Photo 14-15).
River Observation Point 13
?.?jqt River Observation Point 13 is located on the Deep River at the bridge crossing of NC 42, just
upstream of the former Carbonton dam. At this location the massive logjam seen on November 27,
5(,0vJ?, 2006 has broken apart between the right-most two bridge supports. An accumulation of debris
remains between the center-most spans. Below the bridge and above the old dam site scouring
as observed near top of bank, but exposed bedrock maintains bank stability (Photo 16).
41 fo)-?
ciusiun avaiuation ivo. 4 3 06-277.04
River Observation Point 14
River Observation Point 14 is a new point located approximately 1 mile downstream of the Glendon
Carthage Road bridge over the Deep River. Limited erosion and bank sloughing was observed on
the right bank (Photo 17).
River Observation Point 15
River Observation Point 15 is a new point located approximately 1.5 miles downstream of the
)C Glendon Carthage Road Bridge on the Deep River. Bank sloughing and freshly exposed roots were
observed in several places (Photo 18).
River Observation Point 16
River Observation Point 16 is a new point located on the Deep River at the mouth of Lick Creek.
Heavy erosion and incision of the banks was observed on both sides of the creek (Photo 19)
' River Observation Point 17
River Observation Point 17 is a new point located approximately 2500 ft downstream of the
X Carbonton Road bridge. Large scale erosion has occurred on the right bank in the form of a
massive separation of bank material into the Deep River. The approximately 45 by 20 foot piece of
' the bank remains intact and has numerous live trees on it, including a 14 inch diameter sweetgum
tree (Photo 20).
' River Observation Point 18
River Observation Point 18 is located at the confluence of an unnamed tributary on the left bank of
the Deep River. This location occurs approximately 2500 ft below the confluence with Big
Governor's Creek, and was documented for erosion on the June 26, 2006 evaluation. The headcut
' at this location appears unchanged, but an increase in bank erosion was observed, particularly on
the right bank (Photo 21).
i River Observation Point 19
River Observation Point 19 is a new point located at the confluence with an unnamed tributary on
the right bank of the Deep River. Significant sloughing has occurred on the right bank and a small
headcut is present (Photo 22).
Land Transit Erosion Evaluation
¦ A two-person team reviewed as many credited tributaries during daylight hours as possible at public
road crossings. Either a 500-foot reach or 20 bankfull widths of each credited tributary were
' evaluated at each stop, whichever was greater. Some long-term monitoring stations were visited
that were not on credited reaches to compare conditions to previous visits in order to further
describe the extent of the flooding event. At each observation point, photographs were taken and
' notes were recorded to describe notable conditions. All Land Observation Points were assessed for
erosion during the previous evaluation on November 27, 2006. Land Observation Point 5 was not
assessed for erosion during this evaluation because the landowners were not able to be reached for
property access. Observation points are mapped on Figure 3.
Land Observation Point 1
' Land Observation Point 1 is located at the crossing of Carbonton Road over Line Creek, a credited
tributary to the Deep River. At this location drift lines and sediment deposition were observed on
both banks as evidence of overbanking (Photo 23). Upstream of Carbonton Road, Line Creek is
restricted by three culverts and the deposition on streamside vegetation was significant. The large
Erosion Evaluation No. 4 4 06-277.04
entrenchment ratio of Line Creek supports a well developed floodplain and relieves stormflow stress
on stream banks (Photo 24). Both reaches above and below Carbonton Road have very low flow
and the banks appear stable. Limited erosion and scouring of bank material was observed (Photo
25).
Land Observation Point 2
Land Observation Point 2 is located at Monitoring Station 45 near the crossing of Cool Springs Road
over McClendon's Creek. This section of McClendon's Creek is a non-credited reach but was
visited for a comparison to stream conditions further downstream. On the day of observations,
?c McClendon' Creek still had a high river stage and flow velocity. River stage had fallen below
ankfull but was still elevated such that a full erosion evaluation of the banks was not possible
?Nlr" " hoto 26). Stormflow had exceeded bankfull, and a moderate layer of fine sediment was observed
?A
on streamside vegetation. Both banks showed signs of scouring as trees were undercut and bare
?b roots were exposed (Photo 27). No trees were undercut to the point of falling, but a few were
leaning significantly.
Land Observation Point 3
Land Observation Point 3 is located at Monitoring Station 47 near the bridge crossing of Glendon-
Carthage Road over McClendon's Creek, a credited tributary to the Deep River. As expected, signs
o more significant stormflow were apparent at Land Observation Point 3 in comparison to Land
servation Point 2 located further upstream on McClendon's Creek. Evaluating banks for erosion
was again made difficult by high river stage and flow velocity (Photo 28). Stormflow had exceeded
IG bankfull though no significant bank failures were noted. Undercut banks as well as several areas of
exposed, unvegetated bank areas subject to potential erosion were observed (Photo 29). A
moderate layer of fine sediment was observed on streamside and floodplain vegetation.
Land Observation Point 4
Land Observation Point 4 was taken at Monitoring Station 40 near the bridge crossing of Steel
p6 BAS Bridge Road over Little Governor's Creek, a credited tributary to the Deep River. This section of
Lille Governor's Creek received significant stormflow with overbank flooding apparent in multiple
?Oqut Many stretches of streambank along this reach of Deep Governor's Creek are vegetated,
n several areas, portions of the banks have experienced significant scouring and erosion (Photo
P 30-31). Just downstream from the Steel Bridge Road bridge, a large riffle complex continues to
erode along the left streambank, where stream flow becomes restricted by the bridge (Photo 32-33).
Summary
The rain event which triggered this erosion evaluation caused the USGS gauge at Ramseur to
register a peak discharge on December 25, 2006 of 3210 cubic feet per second (cfs). Despite the
high rainfall totals and peak discharge associated with this storm, the Deep River and its tributaries
were observed to experience erosion consistent with previous evaluations. Head-cuts identified at
tributaries to the Deep River continue to slowly migrate. Scouring and erosion of tributary banks
continues to be problematic in areas where herbaceous vegetation has never established, or has
' seasonally diminished. The banks of the Deep River are generally stable, with a few areas
experiencing storm flow scour and erosion.
SUBSTRATE ISLAND SURVEY
In addition to the erosion evaluation, multiple cross-sections of the substrate island between the NC
42 bridge and the former dam footprint of the Carbonton Dam were completed on January 4, 2007.
trosion tvaiuation No. 4 5 06-277.04
Three (3) permanent cross-sections previously established over the substrate island, and one (1)
permanent cross-section previously established just upstream of the former dam, were completed.
Figure 4 maps the location of the substrate island cross-sections at the site of the former Carbonton
Dam. Figure 4A compares the cross-sectional survey from January 4, 2007 to the dimensions from
the previous survey on 11-29-06, and the first survey on 06-27-06. No significant change in the
substrate island was observed from the monitoring cross-sections. Cross-sections 1, 2 and 3 show
only minor signs of sediment transport from within the channel, with the most noticeable change
along the right bank. Since the first survey, the right bank has gradually experienced erosion as
noted from the 01-04-07 survey lines (black) departure from the 06-27-06 survey line (red). Cross-
section 4 shows an initial degradation of channel bed form after the first survey, with stability in
recent surveys. Overall, the cross-section surveys show that increased flow conditions following
dam removal have had almost no impact on the substrate island, and minor effect on surrounding
banks.
Erosion Evaluation No. 4 6 06-277.04
DEEP RIVER EROSION EVALUATION FIGURES
Erosion Evaluation No. 4 1 06-277.04
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