20051690 Ver 1_Erosion Evaluation 3_20070803

EcoScience Corporation
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 919-828-3433
EcoScience
MEMORANDUM
TO: George Howard,
Restoration Systems, LLC (RS)
1
1
1
FROM: Michael Gloden
DATE: January 10, 2007
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QENR - WATER
1M1ET( DSAJYDSTORp? TFRBRANCH
RE: Erosion Evaluation No. 3 (11-27-2006) 06-277.03
The purpose of this memorandum it to provide you with the results of the most recent erosion
evaluation of the former impoundment of the Carbonton Dam performed in accordance with your
Section 401 permit obligations. The former impoundment included 126,673 linear feet of affected
stream reaches that extended throughout portions of Lee, Chatham, and Moore Counties, North
Carolina.
This evaluation was performed to document any evidence of erosion within the former impoundment
' including but not limited to bank failure, loss of stream bank trees, severe headcuts, and the loss or
gain of large depositional features.
' History
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) Section 401 permit condition #9 associated
with the Carbonton Dam - Deep River Restoration Site requires that a "survey [of] the present lake
1 bed and its flooded tributaries [shall occur] at least every two weeks (bi-weekly) or within three days
of a rain more than or equal to one inch at Moncure, NC." In order to satisfy permit condition #9,
Restoration Systems, LLC authorized EcoScience Corporation (ESC) to conduct weather related
' erosion evaluations within the former Carbonton Impoundment (ESC Proposal P06-003
January 13, 2006).
As described in greater detail within the summary memorandum for erosion transit 1, ESC has
' observed that greater than or equal to one-inch rain events appear to result in a river stage increase
to at least 1500 cubic feet per second (cfs). Thus, ESC proposes to use the correlation between
large, regional rain events that cause more than a 1500 cfs reading at the Ramseur gaging station
' to be the "initiation threshold" for a field evaluation. ESC estimates that this initiation threshold
occurs after a river stage rise equal to ten percent of bankfull.
Methods
Following a rainfall event ranging from 1-5 inches in the upstream watershed (Figure 3), a peak in
river stage of over 2270 cubic feet per second (cfs) was recorded at the USGS Ramseur river gage
' on November 16, 2006 (Figure 1). While the Deep River stage was still elevated, a second rainfall
event resulting in a peak rainfall of 4 inches occurred within the upper Deep River watershed on
November 20, 2006 (Figure 3A). Included in the storm's path was the upper watershed of the Deep
River including Guilford, Moore, and Randolph counties. The resulting event caused the USGS
Erosion Evaluation No. 3 1 06-277.03
gauge at Ramseur to register a peak discharge on November 22, 2006 of 7050 cubic feet per
second (cfs) (Figure 1). The "initiation threshold" from this storm occurred on November 21 and the
"evaluation threshold" on November 24. An erosion evaluation was conducted within the formerly
impounded reaches of the Deep River on November 27, 2006. The activities on November 27
included observation points along the main stem of the Deep River and at accessible points along
tributaries that comprised the former site impoundment. Additional activities on November 29
included a survey assessment of the substrate bar located between NC 42 and the former dam
location within the Deep River. ESC expects to continue using these methods for future evaluations
of greater than 1500 cfs river stage events.
River Transit Erosion Evaluation
A two-person team performed a twelve-mile canoe transit of the Deep River. The point of ingress
was the Glendon Carthage Road bridge and the point of egress was Carbonton Dam Park (Figure
2). The team stopped at the mouth of all credited tributaries as described in the Mitigation Plan as
well as at points along the riverwhere notable conditions occurred. At each observation point, GPS
data was collected for the location, photographs were taken, and notes were recorded to describe
the conditions. Observation points previously evaluated during the last erosion evaluation (June 26,
2006) that showed no signs of change are not documented by this current evaluation. Additionally,
observation points occurring at confluences to the Deep River that appeared stable are not
described in this report. The numeric labels assigned to each observation point are unique to only
this evaluation. Observation points from the previous erosion evaluation (June 26, 2006) that were
revisited during this evaluation have been noted in the text.
River Observation Point 1
River Observation Point 1 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located just downstream of the
Norfolk-Southern rail bridge on the Deep River (Figure 2). Continued erosion and loss of bank
material was observed here. Trees undercut by the erosion have also fallen from the bank. The
increase in storm flow discharged from beneath the bridge results in an increased sediment
transport capacity. Stream banks remain nearly vertical as large boulders continue to accumulate at
the toe of the slope (Photo 1-2).
River Observation Point 2
River Observation Point 2 is located on the Deep River approximately 1.0 mile downstream of the
Norfolk-Southern rail bridge (Figure 2). At this location the left bank of the Deep River is
experiencing significant loss of bank material due to a general lack of vegetation. A narrow buffer
between the river and adjacent agriculture, combined with inadequate herbaceous vegetation, has
allowed for erosion to occur along this 150-200 foot stretch of bank (Photo 3-4).
River Observation Point 3
River Observation Point 3 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with the upstream end of an oxbow near McClendon's Creek (Figure 2). At this
location vegetation was observed to have been scoured due to an increase in storm surge. Most of
the vegetation appeared to be intact, however stream banks did show signs of erosion (Photo 5).
During the storm event this area was inundated as noted by sediment deposition on vegetation
surrounding the oxbow channel. A moderate layer of fine sediment was observed on streamside
vegetation signifying some erosion/sedimentation in the upstream watershed.
' River Observation Point 4
River Observation Point 4 is located on the Deep River at the bridge crossing of Carbonton Road
(Figure 2). At this location a massive logjam has formed on the upstream side of the bridge with
Erosion Evaluation No. 3 2 06-277.03
woody debris spanning the entire width of the channel (Photo 6-7). Just below the bridge, the right
bank of the Deep River has experienced erosion possibly as a result of the redirection of waterfrom
' the logjam. The resulting erosion has left an approximately 50-foot reach of the right bank nearly
vertical (Photo 8).
River Observation Point 5
River Observation Point 5 is located on the right bank of the Deep River at the confluence with an
unnamed tributary (Figure 2). At this location the rise in water level has eroded bank material, and
widened the tributary channel width. A small headcut has also formed from the increased flow
' velocity. An accumulation of woody debris has collected at the confluence (Photo 9).
River Observation Point 6
River Observation Point 6 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with Big Governor's Creek (Figure 2). A few areas at waters edge showed continued
scouring but the majority of the bank material appeared stable and intact despite lacking vegetative
' cover. A large accumulation of woody debris remains at the confluence (Photo 10).
River Observation Point 7
River Observation Point 7 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with an unnamed tributary on the Knight Cattle Corporation property (Figure 2). A
headcut has continued to migrate up the tributary and bank material continues to erode.
Herbaceous vegetation is lacking and banks are steep and incised as a result of storm flow scour.
Multiple large trees have fallen across the tributary as a result of undercut banks (Photo 11-13). A
thin layer of fine sediment was observed on streamside vegetation, signifying some
erosion/sedimentation in the upstream watershed.
River Observation Point 8
River Observation Point 8 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
' the confluence with an unnamed tributary (Figure 2) near Monitoring Station 27. A headcut
continues to transport sediment from the tributary and has eroded further upstream (Photo 14). At
the mouth of the confluence the banks are steep and incised. A scoured pit remains where a tree
was uprooted during the last storm on June 26 (Photo15).
River Observation Point 9
River Observation Point 9 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with an unnamed tributary (Figure 2). A large headcut at the confluence continues to
migrate upstream, and bank material continues to slough off. Limited vegetation on the banks of the
confluence has allowed for continued erosion of bank material (Photo 16).
River Observation Point 10
River Observation Point 10 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with an unnamed tributary (Figure 2) near Monitoring Station 2. The banks of the
tributary at the confluence are very steep, and the previously observed headcut appears slightly
further up the channel (Photo 17). A scour pool has formed at the base of the headcut from higher
' stormflow velocity (Photo 18). The majoritiy of woody debris inside the tributary has washed into the
Deep River.
' River Observation Point 11
River Observation Point 11 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with an unnamed tributary (Figure 2) near Monitoring Station 23. A large headcut
Erosion Evaluation No. 3 3 06-277.03
has continued moving sediment out of the tributary and banks remain steep and unvegetated. Only
minor signs of bank erosion near the waters edge were observed (Photo 19).
River Observation Point 12
River Observation Point 12 (previously evaluated on June 26, 2006) is located on the Deep River at
the confluence with Line Creek (Figure 2). Line Creek continues to experience severe bank
erosion. Banks within Line Creek are deeply incised and sediment accumulation at the confluence
has increased. The Norfolk-Southern railroad crosses Line Creek at this location and the banks
have eroded further back towards the bridge. Woody debris remains scattered throughout the
channel (Photo 20-21).
River Observation Point 13
River Observation Point 13 is located on the Deep River at the bridge crossing of NC 42, just
upstream of the former Carbonton dam (Figure 2). At this location another massive logjam has
formed on the upstream side of the bridge with woody debris spanning the entire width of the
channel (Photo 22). The greatest accumulation of debris occurs between the center spans. Just
below the bridge, signs of flooding and increased flow were apparent by woody debris deposited
above bankfull (Photo 23). Scouring was observed near top of bank, but exposed bedrock
maintained bank stability (Photo 24).
Land Transit Erosion Evaluation
A two-person team reviewed as many credited tributaries during daylight hours as possible at public
road crossings. Either a 500 foot reach or 20 bankfull widths of each credited tributary were
evaluated at each stop, whichever was greater. Some long-term monitoring stations were visited
that were not on credited reaches to compare conditions to previous visits in order to further
describe the extent of the flooding event. At each observation point, photographs were taken and
notes were recorded to describe notable conditions. Land Observation Points 1-4 were assessed
for erosion during the previous evaluation on June 26, 2006.
Land Observation Point 1
Land Observation Point 1 was taken at the bridge crossing of Carbonton Road over Line Creek, a
credited tributary to the Deep River (Figure 2). Signs of flooding and increased flow were apparent;
however, no significant erosion conditions were observed. Sediment deposition was observed
within the adjacent floodplain on leaves and vegetation near the ground surface (Photo 25-26). The
banks of Line Creek appear generally stable and well-vegetated, resulting in little to no erosive
action (Photo 27). Possible backwater from river flooding resulted in a water table height increase
that slowly returned to baseflow elevation without significant flow velocity.
Land Observation Point 2
' Land Observation Point 2 was taken at Monitoring Station 45 near the crossing of Cool Springs
Road over McClendon's Creek (Figure 2). This section of McClendon's Creek is a non-credited
section but was visited so that the stream condition that was observed previously during monitoring
station sampling could be compared with current conditions. Stormflow appears to have been 1 to 2
feet above bankfull, though there were no signs of significant bank failure observed. No erosion
was noted during time of field visit, however, exposed banks contained moss and appeared stable
(Photo 28). A moderate layer of fine sediment was observed on streamside vegetation signifying
some erosion/sedimentation in the upstream watershed, and significant drainage patterns were
observed outside the channel of McClendon's Creek.
Erosion Evaluation No. 3 4 06-277.03
Land Observation Point 3
Land Observation Point 3 was taken at Monitoring Station 47 near the bridge crossing of Glendon-
Carthage Road over McClendon's Creek, a credited tributary to the Deep River (Figure 2). As
expected, signs of more significant stormflow were apparent at Land Observation Point 3 in
comparison to Land Observation Point 2 located further upstream on McClendon's Creek.
Stormflow appears to have been 4 to 8 feet over bankfull though no significant bank failures were
noted. Undercut banks as well as several areas of exposed, unvegetated bank areas, subject to
potential erosion were observed (Photos 29). A moderate layer of fine sediment was observed on
streamside and floodplain vegetation signifying erosion/sedimentation in the upstream watershed.
Land Observation Point 4
Land Observation Point 4 was taken at Monitoring Station 40 near the bridge crossing of Steel
Bridge Road over Little Governor's Creek, a credited tributary to the Deep River (Figure 2). This
section of Little Governor's Creek received significant stormflow with overbank flooding apparent in
multiple locations. Many stretches of streambank along this reach of Little Governor's Creek are
vegetated, but in several areas, portions of the banks have sloughed off (Photo 30). Just
downstream from the Steel Bridge Road bridge, a large riffle complex contained severe erosion
along the left streambank, where water becomes restricted by the floodplain width at the bridge
(Photo 31-32).
Land Observation Point 5
Land Observation Point 5 was taken at the crossing of an unnamed road located on the Knight
Cattle Corporation property and an unnamed credited tributary to the Deep River located upstream
of Monitoring Station 29 (Figure 2). Stormflow appears to have reached approximately 8 feet to 10
feet above bankfull; however, there were no signs of significant bank failure observed (Photo 33). A
thin layer of fine sediment was observed on streamside vegetation signifying some
erosion/sedimentation in the upstream watershed (Photo 34). For additional details, see River
Observation Point 7 of this document.
Summary
The rain event which triggered this erosion evaluation caused the USGS gauge at Ramseur to
register a peak discharge on November 22, 2006 of 7050 cubic feet per second (cfs). Despite the
high rainfall totals and peak discharge associated with this storm, the Deep River and its tributaries
were observed to experience similar levels of sediment erosion as those observed during previous
evaluations. Headcuts observed during the first evaluation continue to transport sediment from the
tributaries into the Deep River. Scouring and erosion of tributary banks was problematic in areas
where herbaceous vegetation has never established, or has seasonally diminished. Banks of the
Deep River are generally stable, with a few areas of undercutting observed. Woody debris was still
evident throughout the former impoundment, and bridge spans at Carbonton Road and NC 42
accumulated much of the woody debris that was washed into the Deep River.
SUBSTRATE ISLAND SURVEY
In addition to the erosion evaluation, multiple cross-sections of the substrate island between the NC
42 bridge and the former dam footprint of the Carbonton Dam were completed on November 29,
2006. Three permanent cross-sections previously established over the substrate island, and one (1)
permanent cross-section previously established just upstream of the former dam, were completed.
Figure 4 maps the location of the substrate island cross-sections at the site of the former Carbonton
Dam. Figure 4A compares the cross-sectional survey from November 29, 2006 to the dimensions
Erosion Evaluation No. 3 5 06-277.03
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from previous cross-sections (05/02/06 and 06/27/06). No significant change in the substrate island
was observed from the monitoring cross-sections. Cross-sections 1, 2 and 3 show only minor signs
of sediment transport from within the channel and limited signs of change at the river banks. Cross-
section 4 shows a minor fluctuation in channel form as bed material moves from the site of the
former dam. Overall, the cross-section surveys show that increased flow conditions following dam
removal have had only minor impact on the substrate island and surrounding banks.
Erosion Evaluation No. 3
6
06-277.03
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Erosion Evaluation No. 3 06-277.03
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