20090188 Ver 1_401 Application_20090209

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g - 0 ? 8 8
0?, /' 0 g, 2008
US Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, North Carolina 27587
.tsJl7-iil A? `fah Ls??"? ?TTo Whom It May Concern:

Please accept this letter as an authorization for Blue Ridge Environmental
Consultants Inc. and its employees to be signatory agents in all matters
related to permitting applications.
Thank You,
41?? Igoe
109 R, ??
F.t? 2909
DENK - WA E EK LUAU I Y
LVETIA 4DS AN0 S 10RMIOATER 8RANC.H
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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A. Applicant Information ND AL
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
? Section 404 Permit El Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 27 or General Permit (GP) number:
1 c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? ? Yes ? No
1 d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ? Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ? Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
? Yes ? No For the record only for Corps Permit:

? Yes ? No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in-lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in-lieu
fee program. ? Yes ? No
1 g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below. ? Yes ? No
1h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ? Yes ? No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: Big Beaver Island Stream Restoration
2b. County: Rockingham
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Madison
2d. Subdivision name: NA
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no: NA
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: Town of Madison Recreation Department
3b. Deed Book and Page No. 258/249
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable): NA
3d. Street address: 120 North Market Street
3e. City, state, zip: Madison, NC 27025
3f. Telephone no.: 336-427-0221
3g. Fax no.: NA
3h. Email address: NA
Page 1 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ? Agent ? Other, specify:
4b. Name:
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
4d. Street address:
4e. City, state, zip:
4f. Telephone no.:
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name: Derek S. Goddard
5b. Business name
(if applicable): BREC Inc.
5c. Street address: 162 Helen Court
5d. City, state, zip: Boone, NC 28607
5e. Telephone no.: 828-265-4425
5f. Fax no.: NA
5g. Email address: Derek brec.biz
Page 2 of 10
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): 117128
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees): Latitude: 36.3772 Longitude: - 79.929214
(DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size: 9.919 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to Big Beaver Island Creek
proposed project:
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: C
2c. River basin: Roanoke
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Residential, forest, and Agriculture
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
0
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
100 Feet
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
Restoration and stabilization
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
The project will use natural channel design techniques in combination with Bio-engineering techniques to stabilize and
undercut bank that threatens the property of the applicant. A water safe track hoe will be used to perform all work.
Erosion control measures will be installed per plans and both temporary and permanent herbaceous and woody
vegetation will be established.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
? Yes ? No ? Unknown
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
? Preliminary? Final
of determination was made?
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?

Name (if known): 404 Issued for Previous work in 1998 Agency/Consultant Company: Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for ? Yes ? No ? Unknown
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
This project is to repair a previous restoration done by NCSU-BAE
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project? ? Yes ? No
6b. If yes, explain.
NA
Page 3 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
? Wetlands ? Streams - tributaries ? Buffers
? Open Waters ? Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 2f.
Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction
number - Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps - 404, 10 Area of impact
Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ - non-404, other) (acres)
Temporary T
W1 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W2 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W3 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W4 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W5 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W6 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments: None
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e. 3f. 3g.
Stream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact
number - (PER) or (Corps - 404, 10 stream length
Permanent (P) or intermittent DWQ - non-404 width (linear
Temporary (T) (INT)? ,
other) (feet) feet)
S1 ? P ? T Restoration Cove Creek ? PER
? INT ? Corps
? DWQ 12 1000
S2 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S3 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S4 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S5 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S6 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts 1000
3i. Comments:
Page 4 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individual) list all open water impacts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number- (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact'(acres).
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
01 ?P?T
02 ?P?T
03 ?P?T
04 ?P?T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments: NA
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If and or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.

Pond ID
Proposed use or purpose Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland

b (acres)
num
er of pond
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments: NA
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
? Yes ? No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
? Neuse ? Tar-Pamlico ? Other:
Project is in which protected basin? Roanoke ? Catawba ? Randleman
6b. 6c. 6d. 6e. 6f. 6g.
Buffer impact
number - Reason Buffer Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P) or for Stream name mitigation (square feet) (square feet)
Temporary T impact required?
B1 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B2 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B3 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments: NA
Page 5 of 10
D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
During the design and initial planning phases solutions such as just vegetative plants where examined and dismissed
because of the potential for failure.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Erosion control measures and working from the bank when possible will be implemented; Each day's work will be
stabilized before the end of the day.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State? ? Yes ? No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply): ? DWQ ? Corps

2c.
If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project? ? Mitigation bank

El Payment to in-lieu fee program
? Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ? Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ? warm ? cool ?cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested: acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 6 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation? ? Yes ? No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.

Zone 6c.
Reason for impact 6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier 6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 7 of 10
E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a . Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified ? Yes ? No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b . If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.

Comments: Yes
? ? No
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a . What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? 16%
2b . Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ? Yes ? No
2c . If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why: No Local Ordinance
2d . If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
NA
? Certified Local Government
2e . Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? NA ? DWQ Stormwater Program
? DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project? Town of Madison
? Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs ? NSW
apply (check all that apply): ? USMP
? Water Supply Watershed
? Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ? Yes ? No
attached? NA
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
? Coastal counties

4a.
Which of the following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply ? HQW
? ORW
(check all that apply): None ? Session Law 2006-246
? Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached? ? Yes ? No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ? Yes ? No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met? ? Yes ? No
Page 8 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1a . Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the ® Yes ? No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b . If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ? Yes ® No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.) ? Yes ? No
Comments: NA
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ? Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit application? ? Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? ? Yes No
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
NA
Page 9 of 10
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
6. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or ? Yes ® No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act ® Yes ? No
impacts?
® Raleigh
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
? Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
North Carolina Natural Heritage Website- Quad Search
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? ? Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
NCWRC
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation ? Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
Quad Search with SHPO
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? -T®-Yes ? No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: Local ordinance requirements for a No -Rise Certification
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? NCFloodplainMaps.com
Derek Goddard 91 2/4/09
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name 0
Applican Agent's Signa ur Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is provided.
Page 10 of 10
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Idol Park Stream Restoration Drainage Area

0 2,8005,600 11,200 16,800 22,400
Feet
-79.98092, 36.379324
Soil Map-Rockingham County, North Carolina
io
d
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36° 22'48"
36° 22'38"
Map Scale. 1:1,470 d punted on A size (8.5"x 11") sheet.
m
N Meters
K 0 10 20 40 60
Feet
0 50 100 200 300
USA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 2.1
? Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey
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2/20/2009
Page 1 of 3
36° 22'48"
36° 22' 38"
Soil Map-Rockingham County, North Carolina
Map Unit Legend
Rockingham County, North Carolina (NC157)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
Ck Chewacla loam 2.1 22.0%
Co Congaree loam 4.3 46.4%
MdB Mayodan sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes 3.0 31.6%
Totals for Area of Interest 9.4 100.0%
Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 2.1 2/20/2009
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 3
Riparian Seeding and Planting Plan
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation.
They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement, temporary seeding, permanent
seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats, live stakes, and trees will also
be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
Seed
Seedbed Preparation: On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide
a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately following
construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy equipment has
caused compaction of the ground.
Seeding:
Temporary seeding - Use where needed for erosion control, when permanent vegetation
cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the following vegetation at the
listed rates.
Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Millet %2 lb. 201bs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 40 lbs.
Summer Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Sudangrass 1 lb. 40 lbs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 40 lbs
Permanent Seeding - Use in combination with woody plantings on This mixture can be
planted at any time but will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated
with a cold wet chill process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a
lightly sown cool season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be
done evenly over the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the
seed with no more than '/2 inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should
be covered by hand raking.
All seasons: WNC Wetland Diversity Mix (as described on the attached sheet)
'/4 lb. per 1000 sq. ft. and 25 lbs. per Acre
Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting.
Woody Vegetation
Live stakes (unrooted material)
Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
commercial supplier. Stakes should be '/2 to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept cool and moist to improve
survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the stake should
be firmed against the stake after planting. Stakes should be placed so that 75% of the stake is
below the ground and 2 or 3 buds are above ground. Stakes should be planted on a 2 - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. ft.
Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should only be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.
Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting:
On site material - Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
growing.
Potted stock - Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. The planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter of the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need to be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
2
Bare rooted stock - Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should be closed
completely, including and especially at the bottom of the hole.
Spacing of rooted Woody Vegetation - the following guidelines should be used for spacing
rooted woody vegetation.
Type spacing # per 1000 sq. ft.
Shrubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 -6 ft. 27-111
Shrubs and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees greater than 25 ft. in height 8 - 15 ft. 4-15
Guidelines for Planting Bare-Root Plant
Whle trar? its, keep the roots damp arld 0(4 of
the sun.-C ft* separate the pis and, I neoCessary,
mm up to one-third of the ruff system. To make an ade-
quate hole for planting, use a plantrg cibbIe ba or shovel.
1 (dig a hole deep aNxx)h so the roots reman straPght
and Wead W, I avak-be, p ferriiaer n the hcAe
•2 Set the seedkN n the hole.
3 Gose hole at bottom ar d top "Ln
dt,bke bar or shovel in ckrt above
root OCA2 .
4 Make sure the tnnk is svaght
and
- Water Irroughl
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3
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Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled ""C Riparian Diversity Mix"
% Common Name Botanical Name
5.00% Sensetive Fern Onoclea sensibillis
2.50% Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium fistulosa
2.50% Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata
2.50% Eastern Gamagrass Tripascum dactyloides
5.00% Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens
5.00% Hop Sedge Carex lupilina
10.00% Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides
2.50% Soft Rush Juncus effusus
2.50% Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus
2.50% Three Square Spikerush Scirpus americanus
10.00% Va Wild rye Elymus virginicus
10.00% Woolgrass Scirpus cypemus
2.50% Deertongue Panicum clandestinum
5.00% Button Bush Cephalanthus occidentalis
5.00% Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
2.50% Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia
5.00% Silky Dogwood Comus amomuin
2.50% Winterberry Ilex verticillata
2.50% Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica
2.50% Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
2.50% Red Maple Acer rubrum
2.50% Pin Oak Quercus palustris
2.50% Wild Black Cherry Prunus serotina
2.50% Silver Maple Acer saccharium
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at mitigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. It is desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance. In order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4
Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetland pH wildlife region
val.
1 American Pillwort Pilularia americana Reg sun obli 0-7 birds all
1 Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg to reg Part to shade Fac.wet 0-7 birds all
1 Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia areolata seas to reg all obli less birds all
1 Royal Fern Osmunda regalis seas to reg Part to shade obli 0-7 birds, sm all
1 Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Irreg to reg all facu 0-7 birds all
2 American Lotus Nelumbo lutea reg to perm sun oblig 0-7 birds,SM all
2 American Pondweed Potamogeton nodosus perm sun oblig 7 birds,SM all
2 Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia seas-perm sun to shade oblig all B, Sm all
2 Broad-leaf Cattail Typha latifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sm all
2 Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis irreg-seas sun fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Hollow Joe-pye-weed Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
2 Narrow-leaf Cattail Typha angustifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sin all
2 Pickerelweed. Pontederia cordata seas-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Spotted Touch-me-not Impatiens capensis irreg-seas part.sh fac.wet 0-7 B, Sin all
2 Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata irreg-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Swamp Rose Mallow Hibiscus moscheutos seas-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sin all
2 Virginia Blueflag Iris virginica seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 birds all
2 Water Plantain Alisma subcordatum seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Waterwillow Justicia americana reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 White Waterlily Nymphaea odorata reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Yellow Cowlily Nuphar luteum reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
3 Creeping Spikerush Eleocharis palustris seas-perm sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovi seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Hop Sedge Carex lupulina seas-reg sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides reg-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Cane Arundinaria gigantea irreg-seas sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Slender Spikerush Eleocharis acicularis seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Soft Rush Juncus effusus seas-perm sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Square-stem Spikerush Eleocharis quadrangulata seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Three-square Bulrush Scirpus americanus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Virginia Wildrye Elymus virginicus irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
3 Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
Bluet Houstonia serpyllifolia
4 Bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densiflorum irreg-seas sun-part fac.wet 0-7 birds all
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-perm sun-part oblig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg part.-shade fac.upl 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 0-7 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg part fac upl 0-7 B,Sm
Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alnus serrulata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0-7 ,
birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg part fac upl all B,Sm all
5 Carolina Willow Salix caroliniana seas-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm
Lm all
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 ,
Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm
Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 ,
B,Sm
Lm all
5 Silky Dogwood Corpus amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet all ,
B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salix sericea irreg-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5
5 Spicebush Lindera benzoin irreg-seas part.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens irreg part fac wet acid B,Lm F,H,Lt
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense
6 American Hornbeam
6 Eastern Hornbeam
7 Baldcypress
7 Black Walnut
7 Black Willow
7 Blackgurn
7 Boxelder
7 Eastern Cottonwood
7 Green Ash
7 Honeylocust
7 Persimmon
7 Red Maple
7 Red Mulberry
7 River Birch
7 Silver Maple
7 Sweetgum
7 Sycamore
7 American Basswood
7 Eastern Hemlock
Carpinus caroliniana
Ostrya virginiana
Taxodium distichum
Juglans nigra
Salix nigra
Nyssa sylvatica
Acer negundo
Populus deltoides
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Gleditsia triacanthos
Diospyros virginiana
Acer rubrum
Morus rubra
Betula nigra
Acer saccharinum
Liquidambar styraciflua
Platanus occidentalis
Tilia americans
Tsuea canadensis
irreg-seas all facu acid B,Sm all
irreg part.-shade fac. Upl 0-7 B,Sm all
all sun - part oblig 0-7 birds all
irreg sun - part fac upl 0-7 Sm all
seas perm sun oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-reg all oblig-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
irreg-reg all fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-seas sun - part facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-reg all obli-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-seas part - shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg - seas sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg - reg sun facu 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg - seas sun - part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg all fac upl 0-7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
Plant Typ e
Fern or fern allies 1
Em, float, or wed herb 2
Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7
6
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