20071890 Ver 1_As Built Baseline Report_20090212

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Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project
Mitigation Plan and As-built Baseline Report
Polk County, North Carolina
Monitoring Firm: Michael Baker Engineering, lnc. (Baker)
Monitoring Firm POC: Micky Clemmons
Prepared for: North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP)
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NCEEP Project Mana er: Guy Pearce
' Renort Pre an red By_ Michael Baker Engineering, Inc.
797 Haywood Road, Suite 201
t Asheville, NC 28806
Contract Number: D06027-A
' Date Submitted: November 2008
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I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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The Blockhouse Creek site was restored through a full delivery contract with the North Carolina
Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP). This report documents the completion of the project and
presents base-line, as-built monitoring data for the five-year monitoring period. The stream mitigation
units developed on the project exceed the number of units that Baker contracted with the North Carolina
Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) to provide, as shown in Table 1. Table 1 summarizes site
conditions before and after restoration as well as what was predicted in the restoration plan. The
monitoring plan and as-built baseline data are discussed in Sections 2.1 through 2.5 of this report.
Table 1. Background Information
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project
Site
Location Polk County, approximately three miles east of the town of Tryon
USGS Hydro Unit 03050105150020
NCDWQ Subbasin 03-08-06
Contract Mitigation Units 5,550 SMUs
(SMUs)
Stream
Reach Length Condition Drainage Area
Blockhouse Creek 3,998 LF Channelized; incised; bank erosion 2.44 MiZ Total
UT 1 540 LF Incised; bank erosion 211.2 Ac
UT 2 1,224 LF Channelized; incised; over-wide 57.6 Ac
UT 3 430 LF 38.4 Ac
Stream
Reach Restoration/Enhancement Type Length
Blockhouse Creek Reach 1 Restoration of dimension, pattern, and profile 887 LF
Blockhouse Geek Reach 2 Restoration of dimension, pattern, and profile 340 LF
Blockhouse Creek Reach 3 Restoration of dimension and profile 950 LF
Blockhouse Creek Reach 4 Restoration of dimension, pattern, and profile 1,821 LF
UT 1 Restoration of dimension and profile 523 LF
UT 2 Restoration of dimension, pattern and profile 1,240 LF
UT 3 Preservation of channel corridor 430 LF
Stream
Reach Restoration/Enhancement Type Length SMUs
Blockhouse Creek Reach 1 Restoration of dimension, pattern, and profile 1070 LF 1070
Blockhouse Creek Reach 2 Restoration of dimension, pattern, and profile 340 LF 340
Blockhouse Geek Reach 3 Restoration of dimension and profile 950 LF 633
Blockhouse Creek Reach 4 Restoration of dimension, pattern, and profile 1,780 LF 1,780
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT
MITIGATION AND AS-BUILT BASELINE REPORT
UT 1 Restoration of dimension and profile 580 LF 580
UT 2 Restoration of dimension, pattern and profile 1,155 LF 1,155
UT 3 Preservation of channel corridor 430 LF 86
Conservation Easement I 8.6 Acres
Average Stems Per Acre 1764 Stems
# of Plots: 10
Erosion reduction; Increased dissolved oxygen concentrations; Improved
Water Quality stream bank stability
Increased water storage/flood control; Reduced downstream flooding by
Water Quantity/Flood Attenuation reconnecting stream with its floodplain; Improved groundwater recharge;
Improved/restored hydrologic connections
Improved substrate and in-stream cover; Addition of large woody debris;
Aquatic and Tenestrial Habitat Reduced water temperature by increasing shading; Restoration of
terrestrial habitat; Improved aesthetics
Success is measured with permanent cross-section, vegetation plots, and
Success Criteria longitudinal profile conducted for a period of five years.
Cross-sections and longitudinal profiles are surveyed annually. Both
surveying parameters are tied to a common benchmark. Each tree within
Methodology the 100-square-meter vegetation plots are flagged and identified.
Measurements of height and diameter are also taken and annual survival
rates are recorded.
Remedial Action N/A
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT
MITIGATION AND AS-BUILT BASELINE REPORT
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................................................... ..........1

' 1.1 RESTORAT[ON SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... ..........1
1.1.1 Project Location ............................................................................................................................. ..........1
1.1.2 Project Objectives ....................................................................................:..................................... ..........4

' 1.1.3
1.1.4 Project Description and Restoration Approach ..............................................................................
Construction Summary .................................................................................................................. ..........4
..........5
1.2 PROJECT HISTORY, CONTACTS AND ATTRIBUTE DATA ....................................................................... ..........6
, 2.0 M
2.1 ONITORING PLAN.........................................................................................................................
STREAM MONITORING AND SUCCESS CRITERIA .................................................................................. ..........9
........10
2.1.1 Bankfull Events ............................................................................................................................. ........10

' 2.1.2
2.13 Cross-Sections ...............................................................................................................................
Longitudinal Profile ....................................................................................................................... ........10
........10
2.1.4 Bed Material Analyses ................................................................................................................... ........11
2.1.5 Bank Stability Assessments ........................................................................................................... ........11
' 2.1.6
2.2 Photo Reference Sites ....................................................................................................................
VEGETATION MONITORING ................................................................................................................. ........11
........12
2.3 MAINTENANCE AND CONTINGENCY PLANS ........................................................................................ ........12
2.4 MONITORING RESULTS - 2008 AS-BUILT DATA ................................................................................. ........13
2.4.1 Morphology ................................................................................................................................... ........13
' 2.4.2 Vegetation ...................................................................................................................................... ........13
2.5 AREAS OF CONCERN ........................................................................................................................... ........17
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Tables and Figures
' Table 1 Executive Summary-Background Information ......................................................................... .......II
Table 2 Summary of As-built Lengths, Mitigation Units, and Restoration Approaches ....................... ....... 6
, Table 3 Project Restoration Components ........................................................................ ......6
Table 4 Project Activity and Reporting History ................................................................. ......7
? Table

Table 5 Project Contact Table ..........

6 Project Background Table .....
................................................................. .8

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Table 7 Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment ............................................ ......1 l
' Table 8 Rooted Trees, Live Stakes and Seeding Planted in the Riparian Zone of Blockhouse Creek .. ......14
Table 9 Stem Count For Each Species Arranged by Vegetation Plot ........................................ ......16
' Figure 1 Project Vicinity Map ........................................................................................................................ 2
' Figure 2 Restoration Summary Map .............................................................................................................. 3
' Appendices
Appendix A Selected Project Photographs
Appendix B As-Built Cross-sections and Longitudinal Profiles
' Appendix C As-Built Plan Sheets
t MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT
MITIGATION AND AS-BUILT BASELINE REPORT
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1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The Blockhouse Creek Restoration site is located within the Foothills Equestrian Nature Center (FENCE),
approximately three miles east of Tryon, in Polk County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The project site is situated in
the Broad River Basin, within North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basin 03-08-06 and
United States Geologic Survey (USGS) hydrologic unit 03050105 ] 50020. Since the late 1980s, the project area
has been used as an equestrian/recreational complex. Surrounding lands are currently used for pasture land, hay
production and residential use. Prior to the establishment of an equestrian and nature center, the FENCE property
was used for agriculture activities and timber production. At that time, riparian buffers were removed and streams
were channelized which was a common practice. There is also evidence on some tributaries of ephemeral gullies
which most likely resulted from clear cutting. More recent development in the watershed has resulted in
additional changes to Blockhouse Geek and its tributaries. Construction of the equestrian facility, nature trails
and Interstate 26 has required the installation of bridged and culverted stream crossings that have been detrimental
to stream stability. These structures have also impacted the flow pattern and velocity of the project streams,
resulting in changes to the cross-sectional area, and often facilitating the deepening of the channel. This
deepening of the channel resulted in the streams becoming incised and losing their connection to the adjacent
floodplain.
The project involved restoration, enhancement or preservation of 6,305 linear feet (LF) of four on-site streams:
Blockhouse Creek and three smaller unnamed tributaries (UTs) identified in the project as UT1, UT2, and UT3.
Blockhouse Creek is a"blue-line" stream, as shown on the USGS topographic quadrangle for the site, and is
considered to be perennial based on field evaluations using NCDWQ stream assessment protocols. The three
tributaries were all identified as perennial during initial project scoping, although UT2 and UT3 have little or no
flow during extreme drought conditions as observed during the past two summers.
1.1 Restoration Summary
1.1.1 Project Location
The Blockhouse Creek mitigation site is located on the Foothills Equestrian Nature Center (FENCE)
property approximately three miles east of Tryon, in Polk County, North Carolina. From Asheville, take
South Carolina Exit # 1 from I-26, toward Landrum, S.C. Go 1.5 miles, and turn right onto Bomar Road
(look for the Land Mart on the corner). Go one short block and turn right onto Prince Road. After 1.7
miles, turn left onto Hunting Country Road, just before the I-26 bridge. Go .5 mile to the FENCE entrance
on the left or another l miles (going under I-26) to the second entrance on the right. The Blockhouse
Creek site starts at the upper limits of the horse stables accessed through the first entrance. Figure 1
illustrates the physical location of the project site. Figure 2 depicts the project streams, easement boundaries
and monitoring reference data.
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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Polk Counry, NC
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?viiles Blockhouse Creek
Restoration Project
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC. Z
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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1.1.2 ProJ
ect ObJ'ectives
? The specific design objectives of the project included:
• Restoration or enhancement of channel dimension, pattern and profile;
• Improvements to water quality in the Blockhouse Creek watershed through nutrient removal, sediment
, removal, improved recreational opportunities, streambank stability, and erosion control;
• Improved water quantity/flood attenuation through water storage and flood control, reduction in
downstream flooding due to the reconnection of stream and floodplain, improved ground water recharge,
' and improved and restored hydrologic connections;
• Enhancement of aquatic and terrestrial habitats through improved substrate and instream cover, addition
of woody debris, reduction in water temperature due to shading, restoration of terrestrial habitat, increase
' of spatial extent of natural area, and improved aesthetics.
1.1.3 Project Description and Restoration Approach
' Restoration of site hydrology involved the restoration of natural stream functions to impaired reaches on the
site. The streams in their historic condition were channelized and, as a result, were highly incised. Because
of the extent of the incision, a Rosgen Priority I restoration, which would connect the stream to the
' abandoned floodplain (terrace), would not have been feasible without extending the project reach several
thousand feet upstream and significantly altering the channel profile. However, there was sufficient space
in areas within the project boundaries to implement Rosgen Priority II restoration by excavating the
floodplain and creating a new meandering channel. With the exception of a small section of UT2, the
' restored streams were designed as Rosgen "E" channels with design dimensions based on those of reference
parameters. The upper project reach on UT2 was designed as an "E" channel while the lower section of the
project reach (approximately 200 feet) was designed as a"B" channel. The preserved reach on UT3 was
' determined to be a"B" channel that transitions to an "E" channel.
The design for restored sections of the streams involved the construction of new, meandering channels
across excavated floodplains. This new channel system was constructed through grassed fields. The
t streams through the site were restored to a stable dimension, pattern, and profile. Total stream length across
the project was increased from approximately 6,191 LF to 6,305 LF. The design allows stream flows larger
, than bankfull flows to spread onto the floodplain, dissipating flow energies and reducing streambank stress.
Instream structures were used to control streambed grade, reduce streambank stress, and promote bedform
sequences and habitat diversity. Rootwad and log vane structures installed will protect streambanks and
promote habitat diversity in pool sections. Constructed riffles were used to promote both hydraulic and
? habitat heterogeneity to the channel. Where grade control was a design consideration, constructed riffles
were installed to provide long-term stability. Streambanks were stabilized using a combination of erosion
control matting, bare-root planting, transplants, and geolifts. Transplants provided immediate living root
mass to increase streambank stability and create shaded holding areas for fish and aquatic biota. Native
' vegetation was planted across the site, and the entire restoration site is protected through a permanent
conservation easement.
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' MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK- MITIGATION REPORT
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1.1.4 Construction Summary
ln accordance with the approved restoration plan for the site, construction activities began in January 2008.
Project activity on Blockhouse Creek and UTI and UT2 consisted of making adjustments to channel
dimension, pattern, and profile. A primary design consideration for this project was to allow stream flows
larger than bankfull events to spread onto a floodplain, dissipating flow energies and reducing streambank
stress. The design for most of the restoration reaches involved a priority II approach with the construction
of new, meandering channels across a floodplain that was excavated to the elevation of the creek. The
lower part of reach 4 was not incised and did not require this approach. Along this section the overly
sinuous channel was realigned in a more stable pattern at the existing elevation. Total stream length across
the project increased from approximately 6,191 LF to 6,305 LF.
Access sites and stockpile areas were established at the beginning of site construction. Site stakeout and the
harvesting of root wads also began during the beginning stages of construction and occurred throughout the
construction phase. Materials were stockpiled as needed for the initial stages of construction.
After stakeout was completed, the floodplain was excavated and graded within discrete work areas of the
site to reach design grade. Grading activities commenced at the upstream limits of the project site near the
equestrian center and continued downstream below highway Interstate-26 (I-26), through the nature center
area. Restoration activities on the project tributaries commenced once construction crews reached each
confluence between Blockhouse Creek and the respective tributaries. Excavated material was placed in a
field on the property and kept at least 75 feet from any stream. Where necessary, silt fencing was installed
to prevent erosion of sediment into the nearest waterbody.
Once the design floodplain elevations were achieved, new stream channel segments were graded and
constructed in the dry by pumping stream flows around the construction segment. Upon completion of new
channel segments, instream structures, matting and transplants were installed and the new channel was tied
to the existing streambed. Once fully prepared, temporary sediment traps at the downstream ends of the
channels were removed, and water was directed into the newly constructed channel. Remnant channels
were immediately filled and graded. As-built cross sections and longitudinal profiles are shown in
Appendix B.
Rootwads, rock and log vanes and other structures were used to protect streambanks and promote habitat
diversity in pool sections. Streambanks were stabilized using a combination of erosion control matting,
bare-root planting, transplants, and geolifts. Transplants provided immediate living root mass to increase
streambank stability and create shaded holding areas for fish and aquatic biota. Native vegetation was
planted across the site, and the entire restoration site is protected through a permanent conservation
easement.
Modifications made during construction of this project involved the location and selection of instream
structures and bank stabilization practices as well as minor adjustments in channel alignment. Structure
substitutions were made based on availability of materials and professional judgment. At the upstream
project limits on UT2 from Station 0+00 to 4+20, the channel location was adjusted to avoid mature trees in
the vicinity of the project. Slight adjustments to the proposed channel alignment were also made during
construction along the mainstem of Blockhouse Creek between Stations 7+50 to 9+25. This adjustment
was made to take advantage of a highly stable, vegetated section of streambank on Blockhouse Creek. The
adjustment also improved the angle of approach of Blockhouse Creek to a bridge crossing. These changes
are documented in the attached as-built drawings. Table 2 provides a summation of the as-built lengths and
restoration approaches applied within the project site. The final as-built stream length for the restoration
and enhancement reaches of the project site was 5,875 LF.
Tables 3 through 6 provide additional information regarding the Blockhouse Creek restoration project.
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK- MITIGATION REPORT
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Table 2. Summary of As-built Lengths, Mitigation Units, and Restoration Approaches
R { ..
oration Approach
Blockhouse Cr. Reach 1 1070 887 1,070
priorit II Restoration
Blockhouse Cr. Reach 2 340 340 340
priorit II Restoration
Blockhouse G. Reach 3 950 950 633
Enhancement Level I
Blockhouse Cr. Reach 4 1780 1,821 1,780
priarit II Restoration
UT 1 580 523 580
Priorit II Restoration
UT 2 1155 1,240 1155
Priorit II Restoration
UT 3 430 430 86
Preservation
Total Length 6305 6,191 5,644*
*This represents 94 SMUs more than our EEP contract requires.
1.2 Project History, Contacts and Attribute Data
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
No channel alteration
(preservation)
UT 3 430 LF P - 430 LF 5.0 86 0+00-4+30
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Riparian Nonri arian Total Buffer
Stream (LF) Wetland (Ac) Wetland Ac Wetland Ac (Ac) Comment
5,644 NA NA NA 8.6
Table 4. Project Activity and Reporting History
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project

Activity or Report Data Collection
Complete Completion or
Delivery
Categorical Exclusion Approved --- January 2007
Conservation Easement Signed --- September 2007
Restoration Plan Approved --- October 2007
Project Permit Approval --- December 2007/ January 2008
Final Design-90% --- October 2007
Construction
'Upstream of Interstate-26 January 2008 March 2008
Downstream of Interstate-26 March 2008 May 2008
Permanent seed mix and riparian vegetation applied to project site
Upstream of Interstate-26 January 2008 March 2008
Downstream of Interstate-26 March 2008 June 2008
Vegetation Plots , Crest Gauges and Photo Stations Established July 2008 September 2008
Mitigation Plan / As-built (Year 0 Monitoring - baseline) July 2008 October 2008
Year 1 Monitoring July 2009 December 2009
Year 2 Monitoring July 2010 December 2010
Year 3 Monitoring July 2011 December 2011
Year 4 Monitoring July 2012 December 2012
Year 5 Monitoring July 2013 December 2013
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK- MITIGATION REPORT
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Table 5. Project Contact Table
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project
Designer
797 Haywood Rd Suite 201
Michael Baker Engineering, Inc.
Asheville, NC 28806
Contact: Micky Clemmons, Tel. [phone] x2002
Construction Contractor
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
River Warks, Inc
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Cary, NC 27511
Contact: Will Pedersen, Tel. [phone]
Planting & Seeding Contractor
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
River Works, Inc. Cary, NC 27511
Contact: George Morris, Tel. [phone]
Seed Mix Sources Green Resources
Nursery Stock Suppliers Arborgen and Hillis Nursery
Monitoring
797 Haywood Rd Suite 201
Michael Baker Engineering, Inc.
Asheville, NC 28806
Contact: Micky Clemmons, Tel. [phone] x2002
Table 6. Project Background Table
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project
Project County Polk County, NC
Drainage Area (Square Miles or Acres)
Blockhouse Creek Reach 1 1.63 mi'`
Blockhouse Geek Reach 2 1.97 mi`
Blockhouse Geek Reach 3 2.21 mi'`
Blockhouse Creek Reach 4 2.44 mi'
UT 1 211.2 Ac.
UT 2 57.6 Ac.
UT 3 38.4 Ac.
Drainage impervious cover estimate (%) <1%
Stream Order Second Order
Physiographic Region Piedmont Province. Borders Blue Ridge Escarpment
' MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK- MITIGATION REPORT
Ecoregion Southern Inner Piedmont
Rosgen Classification of As-built
Blockhouse Geek Reach 1 C4
Blockhouse Creek Reach 2 C4
Blockhouse Creek Reach 3 E4Bc4
Blockhouse Creek Reach 4 E4
UT 1 C4
UT 2 Bc5 (upper)/Cb (lower)
UT 3 B-E (lower)
Cowardin Classification Riverine
Dominant Soil Types
Blockhouse Geek Reach 1 Chewacla Loam, Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam
Blockhouse Creek Reach 2 Chewacla Loam, Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam
Blockhouse Creek Reach 3 Chewacla Loam, Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam
Blockhouse Creek Reach 4 Chewacla Loam, Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam, Rion Sandy Loam
UT 1 Chewacla Loam, Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam
UT 2 Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam,
UT 3 Chewacla Loam, Pacolet Sandy Clay Loam, Hiwassee Clay
Loam
Reference Site ID Reference reach used for upper portion of project area located
350 LF upstream of project. Big Branch, Surry County was also
identified in the NCDOT reference reach database as a suitable
reference for design ratios
USGS HUC for Project and Reference Sites Blockhouse Creek HUC#: 03050105
Big Branch HL1C#: 03040101
Any portion of project segment(s) on NC 303d List? No
Any portion of project upstream of a 303d Listed
Segment? No
Reasons for 303d Listing or Stressor N/A
% of Project Easement Fenced None of the easement area is presently fenced.
2.0 MONITORING PLAN
The five-year monitoring plan for the Blockhouse Creek restoration project includes criteria to evaluate the '
success of the vegetation and stream components of the project. The specific locations of vegetation plots,
permanent cross-sections, and crest gauges are shown on the as-built drawing sheets. Reference photo points were
selected to show cross-sections, structures (i.e. vanes and weirs), and other important channel areas along the '
restored stream.
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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' 2.1 Stream Monitoring and Success Criteria
Geomorphic monitoring of restored stream reaches will be conducted over the next five years to evaluate the
' effectiveness of the restoration. Monitored stream parameters include bankfull flows, channel dimension (cross-
sections), profile (longitudinal survey), changes to bed composition, bank stability assessment, and stability of
reference sites documented by photographs. The methods used and any related success criteria are described
, below for each parameter
2.1.1 Bankfull Events
' The occurrence of bankfull events within the monitoring period will be documented by the use of crest
gauges and photographs. Three crest gauges were installed on the floodplain within 10 feet of the restored
channels. One crest gauge was placed on UT 2, while 2 gauges were set up on Blockhouse Creek. The first
' gauge on the main channel was set up on the right bank below the confluence of UT 1 and Blockhouse
Creek. The second crest gauge was set up, at the downstream end of the project, just upstream of the
confluence of UT3 and Blockhouse Creek on the right bank. The crest gauge on UT2 was placed above the
vehicle crossing at the lower end of the tributary. The crest gauges will record the highest watermark
' between site visits and will be checked at each site visit to determine if a bankfull event has occurred.
Photographs will be used to document the occurrence of debris lines and sediment deposition on the
floodplain during monitoring site visits.
' Two bankfull flow events must be documented within the 5-year monitoring period. The two bankfull
events must occur in separate years; otherwise, the stream monitoring may have to be continued until two
' bankfull events have been documented in separate years.
2.1.2 Cross-Sections
Sixteen permanent cross-sections were installed to help evaluate the success of the restoration project.
' Cross-sections selected for monitoring were located in representative riffle and pool reaches as well as
downstream of the confluences between Blockhouse Creek and UTl and UT2. Each cross-section was
marked on both banks with permanent pins to establish the exact transect used. A common benchmark will
' be used for cross-sections and consistently referenced to facilitate comparison of year-to-year data. The
cross-sectional surveys will include points measured at all breaks in slope, including top of bank, bankfull,
inner berm, edge of water, and thalweg, if the features are present. Riffle cross-sections will be classified
' using the Rosgen Stream Classification System.
There should be little change in the as-built cross-sections. If changes do take place, they will be evaluated
to determine if they represent a movement toward a more unstable condition (e.g., down-cutting or erosion)
' or a movement toward increased stability (e.g., settling, vegetative changes, deposition along the banks, or
decrease in width/depth ratio).
' 2.1.3 Longitudinal Profile
A longitudinal profile was completed for the restored streams to provide a baseline for evaluating changes
in channel bed conditions over time. A longitudinal profile was conducted for the entire project length on
' UT1 and UT2. An additiona13,3961inear feet of stream channel was surveyed on Blockhouse Creek.
Longitudinal profiles will be replicated annually during the five year monitaring period.
Measurements taken during longitudinal profiles include thalweg, water surface, inner berm, bankfull, and
' top of low bank, if the features are present. All measurements will be taken at the head of each feature
(e.g., riffle, or pool) and the maximum pool depth. Elevations of grade control structures will also be
included in longitudinal profiles surveyed. Surveys will be tied to a permanent benchmark. Permanent
' cross-section and longitudinal profile data are provided in Appendix B.
The longitudinal profiles should show that the bed features are remaining stable; i.e., they are not aggrading
or degrading. The pools should remain deep with flat water surface slopes, and the riffles should remain
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MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC. 10
' BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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steeper and shallower than the pools. Bed form observations should be consistent with those observed for
channels of the design stream type.
2.1.4 Bed Material Analyses
Bed material analyses will include pebble counts taken during each geomorphic survey. These samples will
reveal any changes in sediment gradation that occur over time as the stream adjusts to upstream sediment
loads. Significant changes in sediment gradation will be evaluated with respect to stream stability and
watershed changes.
Two bulk sediment samples will be processed along the mainstem of Blockhouse Creek. One bulk
sediment sample will be collected in a riffle upstream of I-26. The second bulk sample will be collected
from a riffle downstream of the interstate in the vicinity of the pond adjacent to the project site. During the
monitoring period, if the bulk samples show a coarsening of the bed and gravel becomes a larger
component of the bed, then a pebble count will be added above and below I-26. Bedload samples will be
taken one year after construction and at two-year intervals thereafter, at the time the longitudinal field
surveys are performed. Sediment data will be plotted on a semi-log graph and compared with data from
previous years.
2.1.5 Bank Stability Assessments
To aid the NCEEP in evaluating the risk of erosion from changes in channel and bank stability and
subsequent sediment yield from the project area, Baker is prepared to assign numeric values to streambank
and channel features. This will occur during Year 5 of the monitoring period. These numeric scores will be
derived using the Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and Near Bank Stress (NBS) evaluation methods.
The scores will then be used to evaluate channel stability and project sediment export. Results from a
visual stability assessment are provided in Table 7.
Table 7. Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Pro'ect

??_. .___ ?...,. +.
'• a3 ?? W,
Features Initial MY-01 MY-02 MY-03 MY-04 MY-OS
A. Riffles 100%
B. Pools 100%
C. Thalwe 100%
D. Meanders 100%
E. Bed General 100%
F. Bank Stabilit 100%
G. Vanes 100%
H. Rootwads, Boulders, Geolifts 100%
2.1.6 Photo Reference Sites
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Photographs will be used to document restoration success qualitatively. Reference stations will be
photographed during the as-built survey and for five years following construction. Reference photos will be '
taken once a year, from a height of approximately five to six feet. Permanent markers will be established to
ensure that the same locations (and view directions) are utilized during each monitoring period. Reference
photographs are shown in Appendix A. '
2.1.6.1 Lateral Reference Photos
Reference photo transects will be taken at each permanent cross-section. Photographs will be taken '
of both banks at each cross-section. A survey tape will be centered in the photographs of the bank.
The water line will be located in the lower edge of the frame, and as much of the bank as possible will
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MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BIOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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be included in each photo. Photographers will make an effort to consistently maintain the same area
' in each photo over time.
2.1.6.2 Structure Photos
Photographs of primary grade control structures (i.e. vanes and weirs), along the restored stream are
? included within the photographs taken at reference photo stations. Photographers will make every
effort to consistently maintain the same area in each photo over time.
Photographs will be used to evaluate channel aggradation or degradation, bank erosion, success of riparian
' vegetation, structure function and stability, and effectiveness of erosion control measures. Lateral photos
should not indicate excessive erosion or degradation of the banks. A series of photos over time should
indicate successive maturation of riparian vegetation and consistent structure function.
' 2.2 Vegetation Monitoring
Successful restoration of the vegetation on a site is dependent upon hydrologic restoration, active planting
' of preferred canopy species, and volunteer regeneration of the native plant community. In order to
determine if the criteria are achieved, 10 vegetation monitoring quadrants were installed across the
restoration site as required by the NCEEP. The size of individual quadrants vary from 100 square meters for tree
' species to 1 square meter for herbaceous vegetation. Vegetation monitoring will occur in spring, after leaf-out has
occurred. Individual quadrant data will be provided and will include diameter, height, density, and coverage
quantities. Relative values will be calculated, and importance values will be
, determined. Individual seedlings will be marked to ensure that they can be found in succeeding monitoring years.
Mortality will be determined from the difference between the previous year's living, planted seedlings and the
current year's living, planted seedlings.
' At the end of the first growing season, species composition, density, and survival will be evaluated. For
each subsequent year, until the final success criteria are achieved, the restared site will be evaluated
between May and July.
, The interim measure of vegetative success for the site will be the survival of at least 320, 3-year old,
planted trees per acre at the end of year three of the monitoring period. The final vegetative success
? criteria will be the survival of 260, 5-year old, planted trees per acre at the end of year five of the
monitoring period. If the measurement of vegetative density proves to be inadequate for assessing plant
community health, additional plant community indices may be incorporated into the vegetation monitoring plan as
' requested by the NCEEP.
2.3 Maintenance and Contingency Plans
, Maintenance requirements vary from site to site and are generally driven by the following conditions:
? Projects without established, woody floodplain vegetation are more susceptible to erosion from floods
than those with a mature, hardwood forest
' ? Projects with sandy, non-cohesive soils are more prone to short-term bank erosion than cohesive soils or
soils with high gravel and cobble content
' ? Alluvial valley channels with wide floodplains are less vulnerable than confined channels
? Wet weather during construction can make accurate channel and floodplain excavations difficult
? Extreme and/or frequent flooding can cause floodplain and channel erosion
? ? Extreme hot, cold, wet, or dry weather during and after construction can limit vegetation growth
particularly temporary and permanent seed '
, MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC. 12
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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? The presence and aggressiveness of invasive species can affect the extent to which a native buffer can be
established.
Maintenance issues and recommended remediation measures will be detailed and documented in future
monitoring reports. Factors that may have caused any maintenance needs, including any of the conditions listed
above, shall be discussed. NCEEP approval will be obtained prior to any remedial action.
2.4 Monitoring Results - 2008 As-Built Data
The five-year monitoring plan for the Blockhouse Creek Site includes criteria to evaluate the success of the
vegetative and geomorphic components of the project. The specific locations of vegetation plots, permanent
cross-sections, and crest gauges are shown on the as-built sheets. Photo points, located along the stream
restoration project, are also shown.
2.4.1 Morphology
Far monitoring stream success criteria, 16 permanent cross-sections and 3 crest gauges were installed. The
permanent cross-sections will be used to monitor channel dimension over time. The crest gauges will be
used to document the occurrence of bankfull events. In addition, a complete longitudinal survey was
completed for the restored stream channels to provide a base-line for evaluating changes in bed conditions
over time. The permanent cross-section and longitudinal data are provided in Appendix B. The location of
the permanent cross-sections and the crest gauges are shown on the as-built plan sheets in Appendix C.
2.4.1.1 Results and Discussion
No results are available at the submittal of this report. As-built data will be compared with first year
monitoring data in the Year 1 Monitoring Report, scheduled for submittal to NCEEP during
December 2009.
2.4.2 Vegetation
Temporary seeding applied to streambanks beneath the erosion matting sprouted within two weeks of
application and has provided good ground coverage. Live stake, bare root trees, and live brush in the geolift
structures have also begun to grow and are providing streambank stability. Bare-root trees were planted
throughout the conservation easement with the exception of the preservation reach. A 30-foot buffer was
established along of the majority of the restored stream and the width exceeds this minimum in most places.
However at crossings the easement "pinches" in to meet the crossing structure and along one section of
Reach 3 the easement on the left bank is less than 30 feet due to existing constraints; however, the total
width is greater than 60 feet. In general, bare-root vegetation was planted at a target density of 680 stems
per acre, in an 8-foot by 8-foot grid pattern. Planting of bare-root trees was completed in May 2008.
Species planted and as-built densities are summarized in Table 8.
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
Planting Plan
Scientific name
Trees - Planted 13'x13' Common name Percent Planted b S ecies Rg"
Acer rubrum Red ma le 13
Frcirinus enns lvanica Green ash 13
Ju lans ni ra Black walnut 13
Liriodendron tuli era Tuli lar 0.5
Platanus occidentalis S camore 0.5
Understorv Trees/Shrubs- Planted
10'x10'
Alnus serrulata Ta alder 9
Calicanthus oridus Sweet Shrub 10
Cornus orida Flowerin do wood 12
Cercis canadensis Redbud 10
Car inus caroliniana Ironwood 9
Asimina triloba
,?

Trees - Planted 101x10' paw aw

, 9
^ ..
.. .
Acer rubrum Red ma le 4
Dios ros vir iniana Persimmon 6
Ju lans ni ra Black walnut 12
Liriodendron tuli era Tuli lar ] p
Platanus occidentalis S camore 10
Prunus serotina Black Che (
uercus hellos Willow oak 6
ercus rubra Red oak 6
Understorv Trees/Shrubs- Planted
13'x 13'
Alnus serrulata Ta alder 6
Calicanthus oridus Sweet Shrub 6
Cornus orida Flowerin do wood 9
Cercis canadensis Redbud g
Car inus caroliniana Ironwood 6
Asimzna triloba

Salir sericea paw aw

Silky willow
5
30 .
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark 25
Sambucus canadensis Elderberry 15
Cornus amomum Silky nogwood 30
Note: S ecies selection ma chan e due to availabili at the time of lantin .
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT ?
The restoration plan for the Blockhouse Creek Site specifies that the number of quadrants required were
based on the species/area curve method, as described in NCEEP monitoring guidance documents, with a
minimum of three quadrants. The size of individual quadrants are 100 square meters for woody tree
species, and 1 square meter for herbaceous vegetation. A total of ten vegetation plots, each 10 by 10
meters in size, were established across the restared site. The initial planted density within each of the
vegetation monitoring plots is given in Table 9. The average density of planted bare root stems, based on
the data from the ten monitoring plots, is 764 stems per acre. The locations of the vegetation plots are
shown on the as-built plan sheets.
2.4.2.1 Results and Discussion
No monitoring results are available at the submittal of this report. As-built data will be compared
with first year monitoring data in the Year 1 Monitoring Report, scheduled for submittal to NCEEP
during December 2008.
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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2.5 Areas of Concern I
There are two factors of concern at this project site. Neither have to do with specific sites on the channel.
The first concern is the rate of overland flow that the site experiences above Interstate 26. Due to the '
buildings on this site and the high compaction of the soil from heavy use by horse show participants, the
runoff from the land adjoining the stream is high. This has not affected the channel proper but is the
source of some minor rutting along terrace slopes leading down to the floodplain. Baker is working with '
FENCE to seek grant funding to address this issue. The second concern is that two of the three box
culverts under Interstate 26 are two thirds full of sand. During any high flow event this sand mobilizes
into tbe channel downstream of the interstate. This is causing some pools to fill with sand and the loss of

pool depth. The channel is moving this material and it will eventually correct the problem but it will '
affect the lower end of the project of the next several years. NCDOT has been contacted about this issue
but they do not appear interested in addressing it. '
The project area has received little precipitation in the time since ground cover and woody vegetation was
planted in the riparian buffers. Considering the drought conditions that have persisted in the region where
the project site is located, vegetation survival has been excellent. Mortality rates for woody vegetation

planted appear to be low though some sections of the project have experienced higher rates of mortality as '
evidenced by the vegetative plot data listed in Table 9. Early observations indicate that the vegetation
treatments have been effective at establishing herbaceous ground cover in the majority of the project site.
Year 1
d d
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Areas of sparser vegetation will be replanted if suitable cover is not found to be esta ,
monitoring.
Beyond these issues no areas of concern have been identified during the first months following

completion of the project. '
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BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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APPENDIX A
SELECTED PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS
nnic;HAtL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK- MITIGATION REPORT
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project
Photo Log - Photo Points
Notes:
1. Photo point locations are shown on the plan views in the actual location the picture was taken.
2. All poinu are marked with a wooden stake and pink flagging tape.
..,
°'?y rf .:,`?'. • , . t?l" ?
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Photo Point I: facing downstream Photo Point 2: facing upstream
F'hoto Point 2: facing downstream Photo Point 3: facing upstream
Photo Point 5: facing downstream
Photo Point 6: facing downstream

Photo Point 3: facing downstream Photo Point 4: facing downstream
Photo Point 7: facing downstream Photo Point 8: facing downstream
i; ?.z?' R i• ' _ '
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Photo Point 9: facing downstream Photo Point 10: facing downstream
Photo Point I I: facing downstream Photo Point 12: facing downstream
Photo Point 13: facing downstream Photo Point 14: facing downstream
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Photo Point I S: facing downstream Photo Point 16: facing downstream
Photo Point 17: facing downstream Photo Point 18: facing upstream
Photo Point 18: facing downstream Photo Point 19: facing downstream
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Photo Point 20: facing upstream Photo Point 20: facing downstream
Photo Point 21: facing upstream Photo Point 21: facing downstream
---- - -----?- . ,??,?.?
Photo Point 22: facing upstream Photo Point 22: facing downstream

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Photo Point 23:
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Photo Point 25: facing downstream
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Photo Point 24: facing downstream Photo Point 25: facing upstream

r. : ". 0aE:
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Photo Point 26: facing downstream Photo Point 27: facing downstream
Photo Point 28: facing upstream Photo Point 28: facing downstream
Photo Point 29: facing downstream Photo Point 30: facing downstream

. ,d•?? a°t-?,

Photo Point 31: facing downstream Photo Point 32: facing upstream
R ?
?Y? l•?f?- ?i''? ' " .=.?t?5s^ ':;:.ts?'
Photo Point 32: facing downstream
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project: UT I
Photo Log - Photo Points
N otes:
1. Photo point locations are shown on the plan views in the actual location the picture was taken.
2. All points are marked with a wooden stake and pink flagging tape.
Photo Point I: facing downstream Photo Point 2: facing upstream
Photo Point 2: facing downstream Photo Point 3: facing upstream

Photo Point 5: facing upstream
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r ?,a':f?7?^?;0.5? w 4;'#?'?^?'_ ?".Lt?,t,'?'?ra . 'i;?{?i',t ,v»:;•
Photo Point 5: facing downstream
Photo Point 3: facing downstream Photo Point 4: facing downstream
Photo Point 6: facing upstream Photo Point 6: facing downstream
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project: UT2
Photo Log - Photo Points
Notes:
1. Photo point locations are shown on the plan views in the actual location the picture was taken.
2. All points are marked with a wooden stake and pink flagging tape.
Photo Point I: facing downstream Photo Point 2: facing downstream
Photo Point 3: facing downstream Photo Point 4: facing upstream

r? . r
Photo Point 6: facing upstream
,. . .,... . ''y
Photo Point 7: facing upstream
Photo Point 6: facing downstream
Photo Point7: facing downstream
Photo Point 4: facing downstream Photo Point 5: facingn downstream

Photo Point 9: facing upstream

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Photo Point 9: facing downstream
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Photo Point 10: facing upstream Photo Point: facing downstream
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Photo Point I I: facing downstream
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project: UT3
Photo Log - Photo Points
Notes:
1. Photo point locations are shown on the plan views in the actual location the picture was taken.
2. All points are marked with a wooden stake and pink flagging tape.
Photo Point I: facing upstream Photo Point 2: facing downstream
Photo Point 3: facing upstream
Photo Point 4: facing downstream
Photo Point 7: facing upstream
Photo Point 8: facing upstream
Photo Point 5: facing downstream Photo Point 6: facing upstream
Photo Point 9: facing downstream
Blockhouse Creek Restoration Project
Photo Log - Photo Points
Notes:
1. Photo point locations are shown on the plan views in the actual location the picture was taken.
2. All points are marked with a wooden stake and pink flagging tape.
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Photo Point 2: Veg Plot 2
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Photo Point I: Veg Pbt I
7/8/2009
Photo Point ?: Veg Plot 3
Photo Point 4: Veg Plot 4
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7/8/2009
Photo Point 7: Veg Plot 7
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7l8/2009
Photo Point 8: Veg Plot 8
Photo Point 9: Veg Plot 9
7/8/2009
Photo Point 10: Veg Plot 10
APPENDIX B
AS-BUILT CROSS-SECTIONS AND LONGITUDINAL PROFILES
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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Riflle C4 29 21.69 134 2.29 16.2 1.6 2.5 876.97 878.46

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STA.12+68
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STA.17+63
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Pool C4 35.4 24.4 1.45 2.88 16.83 1.2 1.5 861.17 861.62

870 Cross-Section 6-Pool
STA.5+42
868
0 866
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Photo 11: XS-6 facing right bazilc Photo 12: XS-6 facing left bank

Feature Stream
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Photo 19: XS-10 facing right bank Photo 20: XS-10 facing left bank

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Rit77e C4 10.3 11.42 0.9 1b6 12.66 I 3.6 874.77 874J4

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Photo 21: XS-11 facing right bank Photo 22: XS-11 facing left bank
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Pool C4 10.4 12.95 0.8 1.58 16.16 1 2.3 873.08 873.06

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Photo 23: XS-12 facing right bank Photo 24: XS-12 facing left bank
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Photo 25: XS-13 facing right bank Photo 26: XS-13 facing left bank
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Photo 30: XS-15 facing left bank
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Pool ES 49 6.87 0.71 1.05 9.63 1.9 3.9 859.64 860.62
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Photo 31: XS-16 facing right bank Photo 32: XS-16 facing left bank
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AS-BUILT PLAN SHEETS
MICHAEL BAKER ENGINEERING, INC.
BLOCKHOUSE CREEK - MITIGATION REPORT
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